I
Summary of Verb Tenses: In English, there are three basic tenses: PRESENT, PAST, and FUTURE. Each has a SIMPLE FORM, a CONTINUOUS FORM and a PERFECT FORM. Verb Form Use Examples Present Simple
I, we, you, they infinitive she, he, it infinitive + s
habits, routine, facts, instructions, etc. with adverbs like: usually/sometimes/ often/rarely/etc.
Past Simple
Form is the same with ALL pronouns. Regular form: infinitive +ed work worked Irregular form: go went no fixed rule (see extra sheet given)
action started and finished. with adverbs like: yesterday, last week, two days ago. etc. used in reported speech.
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Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Present Perfect
I am V+ing she, he, it is V+ing we, you, they are V+ing
I, he, she, it was V+ing we, you, they were V+ing
I, we, you, they have + past participle she, he, it has + past participle
I study at the University of Bahrain. She works for ALBA. I often go to the cinema. She plays tennis on Fridays.
I/She went home early yesterday. They worked very hard on their project last week. I met Helen a few days ago.
Negative Negative form
Question form
I do not study at t he University of Bahrain. She does not work for ALBA.
Where do you study? Where does she work? Does he work for ALBA?
I didn't go home early yesterday. They did not work very hard on their project.
What time did you go home yesterday? Why did he take my book? Did you take my book? Did he give you your money back?
actions happening I'm typing a letter at the now, moment. I'm not doing anything important at the moment of She is chatting with a friend. at the moment. speaking. They are working in a He's not seeing his dentist this temporary situations, restaurant for the summer. afternoon. plans and I'm seeing my dentist at 6 arrangements pm. actions happening I was watching a really good in the past. film on TV. I was not talking to Helen when action that was They were having lunch you saw me. happening when when Ali arrived. She was not having lunch with another action While I was cleaning my dad. happened. room, my brother was actions happening at listening to music. the same time. actions that happened at some time in our lives (indefinite past) I have been to France twice. for unfinished past Alex has lived in Italy for ten (for/since). I have never been to France. years. for repeated actions. I have sent fifteen e-mails Alex hasn't come come yet. with adverbs like: this week. ever, never, already, We have already met. yet, just. etc.
What is Alex doing? What time are you seeing your dentist? Is he coming to the party tonight?
What was he doing over there? What time were you watching TV? Was he smoking?
Where have you been? What has Tom got you from London? How long have you been in Paris? Has she passed the test? Have you met her?
II
Past Perfect
Any pronoun had + past participle
Future Simple
Any pronoun will + infinitive
Modal Verbs
Any pronoun can/could/must/ + infinitive may/might/would
to talk about a time earlier than another past time. used in reported speech. to talk about a prediction/possibility. decision made at the moment of speaking capability/ possibility/ etc.
When we arrived, the show had finished. He said he had been to Italy many times.
I had not asked you to do that. He had not forgotten about you.
I think he will come. Ok, I will get you some papers.
I will not go. She will not take you with her.
I can swim very well. He might go with you.
I can't swim. He might not agree to do that.
What had you told her? Why had he disappeared? Had he been away? Who will win? What will you get me? Will they come with us? Will you do this for me? Who can help me? What might happen afterwards?
Practice1: Practice1: Look at the fol lowing verbs c arefully. arefully. What type of v erbs are they? they? Put each verb in a sen tence of your ow n. has cooked, died, was painting, is reading, stole, have left, washes, taught, might go, explain, were running, had seen, am doing, would say, are buying, must take, played, has forgotten.
Practice2: Read the following sentences. Indicate the verb and its tense/type. 1. They have trave lled to many places. ---------------------------------------------------------2. David tried to open the door but he couldn't. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Joseph and James are brothers. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Mariam is shouting. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Sue can ride a bicycle very well. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Simon teaches at the University of Toronto. -----------------------------------
