The Effect of Coconut Husk Ash as an Admixture in Concrete

THE EFFECT OF COCONUT HUSK ASH AS AN ADMIXTURE IN CONCRETE.

MUHAMMAD HAFIZSYAUQI B. IBRAHIM @ MOHD JAMAL MUHAMMAD AZMAN SHAH B. MD SIROJUDDIN SUCHITRA A/P RAMASAMY

THIS PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT POLYTECHNIC SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

DEC 2014

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APPROVAL PROJECT REPORT

I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion, this thesis is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of Diploma Civil Engineering Checked by:

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DECLARATION

We declare that this report is the result of our own except for quotations and summaries of every resource we have explained.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this report. A special thanks to our final year project coordinator, Mrs. Siti Norzaemah, whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped us to coordinate our project especially in writing this report. I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the Concrete Laboratory supervisor, who gave us the permission to use all required machinery, equipment and the necessary material to complete the Slump Test and Cube Test for the concrete samples. A special thanks goes to my team mates, Muhammad Hafizsyauqi B. Ibrahim @ Mohd Jamal and Muhammad Azman Shah B. Md Sirojuddin who help me during the laboratory works and gave suggestion in concrete mixtures. Last but not least, many thanks go to the head of the project, Mrs. Siti Farah Wahida who have given her full effort in guiding the team in achieving the goal as well as his encouragement to maintain our progress in track. I would to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisor as well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has improved our presentation skills by their comment and tips.

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DEDICATION

This final report is especially dedicated to my beloved family, who had supported and encouraged us mentally and financially until this project was completed. Besides that, we would like to dedicate this report to our supervisor, Mrs. Siti Farah Wahida Binti Mohamed who had played an important role by guiding and encouraging us frequently. Lastly, we would like to thank our friends who had helped us throughout the final year project.

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ABSTRACT

With the ever increasing population in most developing countries and the corresponding increase in demands and need for infrastructural development, there is an urgent need to focus attention on low-cost alternative construction materials. This work presents the results of laboratory tests carried out using Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) as an admixtures for cement in concrete production. Concrete cubes were cast and tested at curing ages of 14 days using 0, 24 and 26 percent of admixtures levels in cement. The slump test result shows that the workability of the concrete decreased as the Coconut Husk Ash content increased. Results showed that the compressive strength of Coconut Husk Ash concrete increased with curing age but decreased with increasing percentage of coconut husk ash. The percentage strength gained at 14 days for 24% and 26% to the control of 0% are 73.77% and 60.40% respectively. The optimum compressive strength of 20.36 N/mm2 was obtained at 24% replacement at 14 days of age. The percentage strength at this optimum point to the control is 73.77%.

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ABSTRAK

Dengan penduduk yang semakin meningkat di negara-negara membangun dan peningkatan yang sepadan dalam permintaan dalam pembangunan infrastruktur, terdapat keperluan segera untuk menumpukan perhatian kepada bahan binaan alternative yang berkos rendah. Projek ini membentangkan keputusan ujikaji makmal yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Abu sabut kelapa (CHA) sebagai bahan tambah simen dalam konkrit. Kiub konkrit telah diuji setelah diawet selama 14 hari menggunakan 0, 24 dan 26 peratus daripada tahap bahan tambah dalam simen. Keputusan ujian penurunan menunjukkan bahawa kebolehkerjaan konkrit menurun apabila kandungan abu sabut kelapa meningkat. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kekuatan mampatan konkrit yang mengandungi abu sabut kelapa meningkat dengan jumlah hari pengawet tetapi menurun dengan peningkatan peratusan abu sabut kelapa. Kekuatan peratusan yang diperolehi pada 14 hari 24% dan 26% kepada kawalan 0% masing-masing 73.77% dan 60.40%. Kekuatan optimum mampatan 20.36 N / mm2 telah diperolehi pada penggantian 24% pada hari ke-14. Peratus kekuatan optimum pada ketika ini adalah 73.77%.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER

CONTENTS

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APPROVAL PROJECT REPORT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK CONTENT

II III V VI VII VIII IX

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Objective 1.4 Scope of work

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1

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LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Concrete 2.2 Cement

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2.3 Coarse Aggregate 2.4 Fine Aggregate 2.5 Water 2.6 Coconut Husk Ash (CHA)

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METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Flow chart 3.3 Schedule to produce concrete with coconut husk ash as an admixture. 3.4 Process before make a sample. 3.5 Identifying the functions of material used 3.6 Design and produce the product 3.6.1 Prepare the mould for cube test 3.6.2 Mixing the concrete 3.7 Test carried out for the samples 3.7.1 Slump Test 3.7.2 Cube Test

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RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Slump Test

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4.3 Cube Test 4.4 Data Analysis for Cube Test

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DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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REFERENCE

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE Figure 3.4.1 Figure 3.4.2 Figure 3.4.3 Figure 3.4.4 Figure 3.5.1

TITLE Screw Conveyer Screening Machine Packing of Coconut Husk Ash Coconut Fibers

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Coconut Husk Ash 17

Figure 3.5.2 Figure 3.5.3 Figure 3.5.4 Figure 3.5.5 Figure 3.5.6 Figure 3.5.7 Figure 3.5.8 Figure 3.5.9 Figure 3.5.10 Figure 3.5.11 Figure 3.5.12 Figure 3.5.13 Figure 3.5.14 Figure 3.5.15 Figure3.6.1(i) Figure3.6.1(ii) Figure3.6.2(a)(i) Figure3.6.2(a)(ii) Figure3.6.2(a)(iii) Figure3.6.2(a)(iv) Figure3.6.2(a)(v) Figure3.6.2(a)(vi) Figure 3.6.2(b)(i) Figure3.6.2(b)(ii) Figure3.6.2(b)(iii) Figure3.6.2(b)(iv) Figure3.6.2(b)(v)

Ordinary Portland Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water Weighing Scales Abrams Cone Cube Mould Grease Hand Brush Sieve size 14 mm Sieve size 850 mic Electrical Mixer Tray Trowel

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Prepare the mould for cube test

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Mixing the ordinary concrete with 0% of

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admixtures for 2 samples Mixing the concrete with 24% of admixtures for 2 samples 13

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Figure3.6.2(b)(vi) Figure3.6.2(b)(vii) Figure3.6.2(b) (viii) Figure 3.6.2(c)(i) Figure 3.6.2(c)(ii) Figure 3.6.2(c)(iii) Figure 3.6.2(c)(iv) Figure 3.6.2(c)(v) Figure 3.6.2(c)(vi) Figure 3.6.2(c)(vii) Figure3.6.2(c)(viii) Figure 3.7.1 (a) Figure 3.7.1 (b) Figure 3.7.1 (c) Figure 3.7.1 (d) Figure 3.7.1 (e) Figure 3.7.1 (f) Figure 3.7.1 (g) Figure 3.7.2 (a) Figure 3.7.2 (b) Figure 3.7.2 (c) Figure 3.7.2 (d) Figure 3.7.2 (e) Figure 3.7.2 (f) Figure 3.7.2 (g)

Mixing the concrete with 26% of admixtures for 2 samples

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Slump Test

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Cube Test

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LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

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