Rice Husk Ash as an Admixture Admixture for Concrete Hollow Blocks in Extreme Conditions
by
Maglayo, Ronelle S. Rillera, ohn Carlos !. !illas, Angelika "ynne #.
A Study Study Submitted to the School of CEGE in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in the Subject RES100-
!a"#a $nstitute of %echnolo&y Se"tember '01( Cha$ter % &'!R(#)C!&('
Concrete has been an im"ortant construction unit in structures) %hey "ro*ide the buildin& bloc+s that act as the main foundation, stren&th, and constitute to the o*erall quality of a buildin&) Concrete can come in many forms, de"endin& on the needs or requirements set by the ty"e of buildin& or structure that ill be constructed) %y"ically, a concrete is made by mi.in& a "art of cement ith ater, and mi.ed ith a&&re&ates) /ith the im"ro*ements made by researches to im"ro*e the quality of concrete, admi.tures are no commonly used in concrete mi.) %he admi.ture that is used also *aries, as each ty"e of admi.ture has different effect on a concrete mi.) %he most commonly used admi.tures are one that enhances the stren&th and durability of concrete) Admi.tures *aries in terms of its com"osition) /ith the abru"t chan&es in the en*ironment, se*eral researchers ha*e been constantly studyin& materials that can "ro*ide sustainability of concrete structures) %here are chemically "roduced admi.tures, hich are made in laboratories, hich are com"osed of different chemical com"ounds that react ith the concrete mi.) /hile, or&anic or natural admi.tures are also idely used in the construction industry due to the abundance of minerals "resent) %hese natural admi.tures contain se*eral com"ounds that hel" in modifyin& or alterin& the initial "ro"erties of concrete mi.) oe*er, natural resources can easily be de"leted if o*erused, and may cause dama&e or harm in the en*ironment) A ty"ical e.am"le of these natural admi.tures are minerals from roc+s that are in need of quarryin& to obtain and e.tract the necessary in&redients that could enhance the concrete) %hese actions can result in dama&in& the en*ironment and o""ose the initial aim of researchers, hich is to "ro*ide sustainability in all forms) As such, researchers started to focus on or&anic aste materials that could enhance the qualities of concrete ithout dama&in& the en*ironment, and they ha*e found out an
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a&ricultural aste that is abundant in countries that focus on culti*atin& their lands to "roduce rice) An a&ricultural aste "roduct, hich is the Rice us+, hen "rocessed can become a &reat admi.ture called Rice us+ Ash) $n concrete mi. modification, a lot of researches has been made in res"onse to the demand on the sustainability and "rotection of the en*ironment) $t has been found out in se*eral studies that hen utilied, rice hus+ ash, hich is an abundant a&ricultural aste can be &enerally used in different ays, "articularly in creatin&, modifyin& and manufacturin& of a concrete) Se*eral studies su&&est the use of rice hus+ ash, hich is rice hus+ burned in a controlled en*ironment) %his rice hus+ ash can be substituted or act as a re"lacement to cement 2Pedroo, '0034 ith "ro"er "ro"ortions ith ater and a&&re&ate) Another study introduces rice hus+ ash as an admi.ture, in hich it is &rinded carefully to determine the suitable fineness to ma+e the cement mi. or+able 25oria, et al), '0164) 7ther studies su&&est a moderate use of rice hus+ ash and mi.ed it ith Portland cement, es"ecially in creation of concrete usin& con*entional concrete mi., as mentioned in the study made by 5uart 2'0034) Rice hus+ ash is not only limited as a substitute or additional in concrete mi., but it can also act as a sustainable bindin& in&redient for concrete due to its "oolanic "ro"erties as stated by 5omens 2'0184 in his study)
%here are also se*eral researches and findin&s done for rice hus+ ash, s"ecifically laboratory tests to determine its com"onents and its com"ounds that cause the desired effect of stren&thenin& the concrete) $n a laboratory test, it as "ro*en that the rice hus+ ash can effecti*ely reduce corrosion hen used in a reinforced concrete containin& steel bars 25oria, et al), '0164) %he rice hus+ ash "re*ents and "rotects the steel bars by actin& as a double layer
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of coatin& after the concrete itself, as the results sho that rice hus+ ash induced concrete has loer "ermeability com"ared to normal concrete) Also, rice hus+ ash concrete has been effecti*ely used as a ater"roofin& that can be used in bathroom or simmin& "ools) A lot of study re*ol*ed around the rice hus+ ash, due to it bein& fle.ible and a lot of its ca"abilities are still undisco*ered) 5ue to this, rice hus+ ash has become a subject of interest in researches around the orld) %his study aims to e*aluate the "otential of rice hus+ ash as an admi.ture to concrete hollo bloc+s hen e."osed to e.treme en*ironments) %he "otential of rice hus+ ash concrete hollo bloc+ ould be measured throu&h the quantitati*e data of its com"ressi*e stren&th after under&oin& se*eral trials and se*eral desi&n mi., until it obtains an a""ro"riate com"ressi*e stren&th that is recommended in different desi&n manuals) After hich, it is then "laced or e."osed in an e.treme en*ironment, li+e submer&in& in a salt ater or flood ater, e."osin& to e.treme heat or fire, and to *aryin& ind loads for a lon& "eriod of time) %he qualitati*e data that can be &athered is throu&h obser*in& the reaction of the concrete hollo bloc+ a&ainst these conditions, its form, structure, and *isual a""earance ould also be considered) After bein& e."osed in these en*ironment, their com"ressi*e stren&th ould be measured and com"ared from the "re*ious com"ressi*e stren&th &athered from its ori&inal undisturbed state) %he "ossible decline shall then ser*e as a quantitati*e data from hich further analyation should be made or done) After "erformin& the said methodolo&y, or e."eriment, the data &athered and obtained ould be the basis in anserin& the questions or research statements that can be found in the conce"tual frameor+ of the research study) %his shall be the basis in &atherin& information to analye the "erformance of the concrete hollo bloc+ infused or mi.ed ith
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the admi.ture rice hus+ ash) %o further e*aluate the "otential of the concrete hollo bloc+ mi.ed ith rice hus+ ash, it ill be tested in real structures that under&o inconsistent chan&es "resent in the real orld) $n the real time chan&es in conditions, the rice hus+ ash ill be determined if it ould really be an ideal admi.ture hen used a&ainst certain conditions, and hat condition it ould be suited to be used the most) %his study ould be useful in the field of research for construction materials, s"ecifically in its use as a sustainable com"onent in concrete mi.tures) $t ould also be reco&nied and further im"ro*ed by other researchers ho ish to under&o the same field of study and the same to"ic of utiliin& the a&ricultural aste, rice hus+ ash) $t ill be ad*anta&eous to farmers, as it reduces the a&ricultural aste bein& "roduced, and not astin& *aluable resources just to "ro"erly dis"ose them) $t ould be useful to en&ineers as it ould be chea"er, creatin& a &ood economical cost in construction ithout jeo"ardiin& or com"romisin& the quality of the structure) A lot ould benefit, es"ecially the ci*ilians or homeoners ho ant to reinforce their shelter or homes to successfully fi&ht a&ainst these conditions that can "otentially claim li*es and destroy "ro"erty) %he &o*ernment, es"ecially those ho handle countries rich in a&ricultural farmlands, can also &ain money by e."ortin& the rice hus+ ash as a "roduct to those urbanied countries that are "rone to different e.treme conditions li+e freein&, floodin&, or fires) %hese studies can hel" in "romotin& the use of rice hus+ ash in creatin& sustainable concrete structures hile "romotin& economic &roth and safety countermeasures a&ainst climate chan&e, hich can be *i*idly seen as one of the cause of the irre&ularities in the en*ironment that cau ses e.treme conditions to "re*ail) %he study about rice hus+ ash can be too broad, as it can co*er a ide ran&e of to"ics that can "otentially ele*ate its status from an a&ricultural aste to an im"ortant by
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"roduct) %his study ill be limited in determinin& the stren&th of rice hus+ ash concrete before and after e."osin& it in e.treme conditions, and ill co*er the best desi&n mi. for each e.treme conditions the concrete is bein& e."osed to) RE*ERE'CES
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