As by the INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN, 1973) as written by ir!inia "en#ers$n% "en#ers$n% The &ni'&e &nti$n $ the n&rse is t$ assist the in#i*i#&a+, si $r we++, in the -er$r.ane $ th$se ati*ities $ntrib&tin! t$ hea+th/ Its re$*ery, $r t$ a -eae&+ #eath that the +ient w$&+# -er$r. &nai#e# i he ha# the neessary stren!th, wi++ $r n$w+e#!e/ "e+- the +ient !ain in#e-en# in#e-en#ene ene as ra-i#+y as -$ssib+e/
Conceptual and Theoretical Models of Nursing Practice
Theorist
Description
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
FAYE ABDELLAH
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
1/ 4/ 3/ MYRA LEVINE 6/
0e*e+$-e# the rst the$ry $ n&rsin!/ 0e*e+$-e# F$&se# F$ &se# $n han!in! an# .ani-&+atin! the en envir viron onmen mentt in $r#er t$ -&t the -atient in the best -$ssib+e $n#iti$ns $r nat&re t$ at/ Intr$#&e# the Inter-ers$na+ 2$#e+/ Intr$#&e# She #ene# n&rsin! as a thera-e&ti, inter-ers$na+ -r$ess whih stri*es t$ #e*e+$- a nurse-patient relati rel ation onsh ship ip in whih the n&rse ser*es as a res$&re -ers$n, $&nse+$r an# s&rr$!ate s&rr$!ate// 0ene# n&rsin! as ha*in! a problem-solv a problem-solving ing approach,, with ey n&rsin! -r$b+e.s re+ate# t$ hea+th approach nee#s $ -e$-+e #e*e+$-e# +ist 41 n&rsin! -r$b+e. areas 0e*e+$-e# the three e+e.ents 5 +ient beha*i$r, n&rse reati$n an# n&rse ati$n 5 $.-$se the n&rsin! sit&ati$n/ She $bser*e# that the th e n&rse -r$*i#e #iret assistane t$ .eet an i..e#iate nee# $r he+- in $r#er t$ a*$i# $r t$ a++e*iate #istress $r he+-+essness/ 0esribe# the Four Conservation Principles. $nser*ati$n $ ener!y $nser*ati$n $ str&t&re# inte!rity $nser*ati$n $ -ers$na+ inte!rity $nser*ati$n $ s$ia+ inte!rity
0e*e+$-e# the Behavioral System Model. 1/ atient8s beha*i$r as a syste. that is a wh$+e with interatin! -arts 4/ h$w the +ient a#a-ts t$ i++ness 3/ $a+ $ n&rsin! is t$ re#&e s$ that the +ient an .$*e .$re easi+y thr$&!h re$*ery/
DOROTHY JOHNON
MARTHA ROGER
DOROTHEA OREM IMOGENE !ING
BETTY NEUMAN
ITER CALLITA ROY
LYDIA HALL
JEAN "A "ATON
C$ne-t&a+i:e# the Science of Unitary Human Beings// She asserte# that h&.an bein!s are .$re than Beings #i;erent #i;ere nt r$. the s&. $ their -arts the #istinti*e -r$-erties $ the wh$+e are si!niant+y #i;erent r$. th$se $ its -arts/ E.-hasi:es the +ient8s self care needs needs n&rsin! are be$.es neessary when +ient is &nab+e t$ &+++ bi$+$!ia+, -syh$+$!ia+, -syh$+$!ia+, #e*e+$-.enta+ $r s$ia+ nee#s/ N&rsin! -r$ess is #ene# as #yna.i interpersonal #yna.i interpersonal process between n&rse, +ient an# hea+th are syste./ Stress reduction is reduction is a !$a+ $ syste. .$#e+ $ n&rsin! -ratie/ N&rsin! ati$ns are in -ri.ary, se$n#ary $r tertiary +e*e+ $ -re*enti$n resente# the daptation the daptation Model Model/ She *iewe# eah -ers$n as a uni!ed bio-psychosocial system in system in $nstant interati$n with a han!in! en*ir$n.ent/ The !$a+ $ n&rsin! is t$ he+- the -ers$n a#a-t t$ han!es in -hysi$+$!ia+ nee#s, se+<$ne-t, r$+e &nti$n an# inter#e-en#ent inter#e -en#ent re+ati$ns #&rin! hea+th an# i++ness/ Intr$#&e# the n$ti$n that n&rsin! enters ar$&n# three $.-$nents% person $.-$nents% person "core#$ pathologic pathologic state and treatment "cure# and body"care#/ body"care# / C$ne-t&a+i:e# the Human Caring Model. She C$ne-t&a+i:e# Model. She e.-hasi:e# e.-hasi:e # that n&rsin! is the a--+iati$n $ the art an# h&.an siene thr$&!h trans-ers$na+ arin! transati$ns t$ he+- -ers$ns ahie*e .in#
ROEMARIE RI##O PARE
MADELEINE LENINGER
Intr$#&e# the %heory the %heory of Human Becoming/ Becoming/ She e.-hasi:e# e.-hasi:e # ree h$ie $ -ers$na+ .eanin! in re+atin! t$ *a+&e -ri$rities, $<reatin! $ rhyth.ia+ -atterns, in e=han!e e=ha n!e with the en*ir$n.e en*ir$n.ent nt an# $ntransen#in! in .any #i.ensi$ns as -$ssibi+ities &n$+#/ 0e*e+$-e# the 0e*e+$-e# th e %ranscultural &ursing Model/ Model/ She a#*$ate# that n&rsin! is a h&.anisti an# sienti .$#e $ he+-in! a +ient thr$&!h s-ei &+t&ra+ arin! -r$esses -r$ess es (&+t&ra+ *a+&es, be+ies an# -raties) t$ i.-r$*e i.-r$ *e $r .aintain a hea+th $n#iti$n
