Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Comer

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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Comer

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Name: __________ ______________ ____ ____________ ____________ Date: _____________ _____________ 1. One One A) B) C) D)

who who system systematically atically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical: menta entali list st.. legalist. scien ientist. prac practi titi tion oner er..

2. If a pers person on wan wants ts a a career focused on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal abnormal patterns of functioning, that person look into becoming becomi ng a clinical: A) prac practi titi tion oner er.. B) res researc earch her. er. C) historian. D) stat statis isti tici cian an.. 3. The stated stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: A) norms. B) culture. C) morality ity. D) con conventi entio ons .

4. Just Just decad decades es ago ago,, a woman's love for racecar driving would have been considered abnormal. abnormal. This statement illustrat A) how da danger ous ous most mentally ill people actually are. B) tha that ab abnormality can be situational. C) tha that eve everyon ryonee is a little eccentric. D) tha that drug rug use causes people to become mentally ill. 5. The histor history, y, valu values, es, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and art of a society make up that society's: A) laws. B) norms. C) culture. D) con conventi entio ons . 6. Behavi Behavior or that that vio violates legal norms is: A) dev devian iant and and criminal. B) dis distres tressf sfu ul and and criminal. C) deviant an and psychopathological. D) dis distres tressf sfu ul and and psychopathological. 7. Which Which dep depres ressed sed person person would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, because of specific circumstances? A) someone whose mother was depressed B) someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado C) someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance D) someone who was also an alcoholic 

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  8. If a pers person on exp exper er ienced ienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person w Special offer for students: Only A) suff suffer erin ing g$4.99/month. fr fr om om a mental illness. B)

dev devian iant but not dangerous.

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11. 11. An indiv individu idual al has has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and express distress over this behavior. this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: A) dis disturb turbed ed.. B) deviant. C) dys dysfunc functi tio onal. D) dan dangerou erouss. 12. 12. Which Which aspe aspect ct of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? A) distress B) deviance C) dys dysfun functio ction n D) dan danger to self self or others 13. 13. Which Which person person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? dysfunctional? A) someone who is too confused to drive safely B) someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class C) someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice D) someone who cannot stay alone for even one night 14. 14. A perso person n who who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality? abnormality? A) deviance B) distress C) danger D) dys dysfun functio ction n

15. 15. A Secret Secret Serv Service ice agent agent steps in front of the president of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the pres safety is threatened. threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is: A) dis distres tressi sin ng and psychologically abnormal. B) func functi tio onal nal and not psychologically abnormal. C) dysfunct dysfunctiona ionall and and psych psycholog ologicall ically y abnorm abnormal. al. D) dangerou dangerouss but not psych psycholog ologicall ically y abnorma abnormal. l. 16. Despite popular popular misconceptions, misconceptions, most people with psychological psychological problems problems are not: A) dysf dysfun unct ctio iona nal. l. B) dangerous. C) dis distres tressi sin ng. D) deviant. 17. According to Thomas Szasz's Szasz's views, the deviations deviations that some some call mental illness illness are really: A) ment mental al illn illnes esse ses. s. B) prob proble lems ms in livi living ng.. C) caused caused by by one's one's early early childhoo childhood d experi experience ences. s. D) eccentric eccentric behavio behaviors rs with with a biologica biologicall cause. cause.

Master 18.your semester with A researcher spends 15 or more hours perScribd day conducting conducting experiments experiments or doing library reading and records  observ Read Free Foron 30this Days Signinterfere up to vote title color-coded color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country but doesn't with others' lives. The BEST de  of the researcher's behavio behavior r is that it is: & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful A) ecce eccen ntric tric.. Special offer for students: B) abnOnly ormal$4.99/month. . C)

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21. 21. Lady Lady Gaga Gaga and and other other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because: A) the they are are not deviant. B) the they fre freely ely choose and enjoy their behavior. C) they ar are on onl y dangerous to others, not to themselves. D) whil whilee the they are distressed by their behavior, others are not. 22. 22. Which Which is NOT NOT a characteristic of eccentric individuals noted by researchers in the field? A) being a poo r speller B) having a diagnosable iagnosable mental illness C) bein being g creat reatiive D) a misch ischie iev vous sense of humor 23. 23. Studie Studiess show show that that eccentric individuals are more likely than those with mental disorders to say: A) I fe feel li like my my behavior has been thrust on me. B) I'm I'm diffe iffere ren nt and I like it. C) I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. D) I wish I wer e not so “unique.” 24. 24. Which Which com compo pone nent nt is NOT noted by clinical theorist Jerome Frank as essential to all forms of therapy? A) seri series es of contacts contacts B) healer C) thir third d-pa -party rty payer D) suff suffeerer rer who who seeks relief 25. 25. One One who who sees sees ab ab normality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with problems in living as: A) pupils. B) patients. C) trainees. D) clients. 26. The use of exorcism in early early societies suggests suggests a belief that abnormal behavior behavior was caused by: by: A) germs. B) poisons. C) evil evil spir spirit its. s. D) psyc psycho holo logi gica call trau trauma ma..

27. A person seeking seeking help for a psychological psychological abnormality is made made to drink bitter herbal potions potions and then submit to a be the hope that “evil spirits” will be driven from the person's body. This form of “therapy” is called: A) exorcism. B) shaman. C) couvade. D) trep trephi hina nati tion on.. A person being being treated by a shaman would would MOST likely be be undergoing: undergoing: Master 28.your semester with Scribd A) psyc psycho hoan anal alys ysis is.. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title B) gender gender-se -sens nsitiv itivee therap therapy. y. C) York commu communit nity-b y-base ased d trea treatme tment. nt. & The New Times  Useful  Not useful D) an exorc xorcis ism m.

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32. 32. Hippoc Hippocrat rates es attempted attempted to treat mental disorders by: A) hyp hypnotiz tizing ing patients. B) chaining pa patients to walls. C) corr correecting ting underlying physical pathology. D) enc encoura ourag ging ing patients to speak about past traumas. 33. 33. Those Those who who lived lived during during the Middle Ages might find that a flash mob is MOST similar to: A) mass ma madness. B) melan lancholi holiaa. C) trep treph hinat inatio ion n. D) eco eco-ter -terrroris orism. m. 34. 34. In the the Midd Middle le Ag Ages, which model of mental illness did MOST people believe in? A) the moral model model B) the me medical model C) the ps psychogenic model D) the de demonology model 35. 35. Which Which statem statemen entt is NOT a reason that demonology dominated views of abnormality in Europe in the Middle Ages? A) The po power of the clergy increased greatly. B) The Church rejected scientific forms of investigation. C) The Church controlled education. D) The The cul cultu ture re rejected religious beliefs. 36. 36. Which Which is NOT NOT a disorder that people in the Middle Ages included in the general term “mass madness”? A) tarantism B) lyc lycanth nthrop ropy C) exorcism D) St. St. Vit Vitu us' dance 37. Tarantism and lycanthropy lycanthropy are examples examples of: of: A) exorcism. B) mass mad madn ness. ss. C) physical physical patholog pathology y causin causing g menta mentall illness. illness. D) disorders disorders that were treated treated with with trephi trephinatio nation. n.

38. St. Vitus' dance, characterized by people suddenly suddenly going into convulsions, convulsions, jumping around, around, and dancing, was also k A) lyca lycant nthr hrop opy. y. B) melan lancholi holiaa. C) phle hlegmatis tism. D) tara taran ntism tism.. 39. Those MOST often often in charge of treating abnormality abnormality in the Middle Middle Ages in Europe Europe were: A) phy physic sicians ians.. B) nobility. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title C) peasants. D) clergy.  Useful  Not useful


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40. The individual considered considered to be the founder founder of the modern study study of psychopathology psychopathology is:

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43. 43. In the the early early asylu asylums, ms, treatment for mental illness began with the intention to provide: A) hars harsh h tre treaatment. tment. B) care an and tr treatment. C) reli relig giou ious therapies. therapies. D) psy psycho chogeni eni c therapy. 44. 44. In many many areas areas in the in the 1500s, asylums such as Bethlehem Hospital in London became: A) shrines. B) tou tourist rist attra ttractions. ctions. C) sheltered workshops. workshops. D) cen centers ters of moral treatment. 45. 45. What What is the the dist distiinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? A) Pop Popular larly called “Bedlam,” it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. B) It wa was th the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. C) It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives. D) It was was the the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced. 46. 46. Who Who brough broughtt the reforms the reforms of moral therapy to northern England? A) John Di Dix B) Joseph Ga Gall C) William Tuke D) Benjam jamin R ush 47. 47. The basis basis for for moral moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: A) menta ntal prob problems lems had a biological basis. B) demonology was a cause of mental illness. C) menta ntal illn illneess should be treated humanely and with respect. D) the the cau cause of mental illness was immoral behavior. behavior. 48. Who brought brought the reforms reforms of moral therapy therapy to the United States? A) John Di Dix B) Joseph Ga Gall C) Willi illiam am Tuke uke D) Benj Benjam amin in Rush Rush

49. The American schoolteacher schoolteacher who who lobbied state legislatures legislatures for laws to mandate humane humane treatment of people people with m disorders was: A) Will Willia iam m Tuke Tuke.. B) Doro Doroth theea Dix Dix.. C) Clif Cliffo ford rd Beer Beers. s. D) Benj Benjam amin in Rush Rush.. Which is a component component of the the legacy of Dorothea Dix? Master 50.your semester A) deinst deinstitu itutio tiona naliz lizati ation on with Scribd B) stat statee hosp hospit ital alss C) fede fe dera ral l pri p riso sons ns & The New York Times D) priva privatiz tizati ation on of ment mental al hospi hospital talss


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54. 54. Hippoc Hippocrat rates' es'ss model model of mental illness can be described as: A) psy psychia chiatr tric ic.. B) somatogeni c. C) psychogeni c. D) sup supern ernatura tural. l.

55. 55. The fact fact that that some some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psycholog abnormality supports supp orts what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? functioning? A) som somatoge togen ni c B) psychogeni c C) moral D) dete deterrminis inisti ticc 56. 56. The disc discove overy ry of the the link between general paresis and syphilis was made by: A) Benjamin R ush. B) Emil Kraepelin. C) Fritz Sc Schaudinn D) Ric Richard ard von Krafft-Ebing. 57. 57. The find finding ing that that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: A) menta entall pa patie tients should be deinstitutionalized. deinstitutionalized. B) orga organ nic fact actors can cause mental illness. C) anti antib bioti ioticcs cannot cannot “cure” viral diseases. D) phy physic sician ians should should be the ones treating mental illnesses.

58. 58. For those those who who ho hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorder be a: A) com communit unity y center. B) spa an and re retr eat eat center. C) coun counse selo lor' r'ss off offic ice. e. D) hospital. 59. Which of statement statement LEAST supports the somatogenic somatogenic view of abnormal abnormal behavior? behavior? A) Hypnotism Hypnotism has helpe helped d people people give give up up smoking smoking.. B) Alcoho Alcoholis lism m tend tendss to run run in fami familie lies. s. C) People People with Lyme Lyme disease disease often often have have psychol psychologic ogical al symptom symptoms. s. D) Most people people with with depressi depression on are helpe helped d with medica medication. tion. 60. Eugenic sterilization sterilization reflected the _____ perspective perspective on abnormality. abnormality. A) som somatoge togen nic B) psyc psycho hoan anal alyt ytic ic C) cultural D) manag naged care

Master 61.your semester Scribd The somatogenic somatoge nic treatment forwith mental mental illness that seems to have been been MOST successful was the use of: of:  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title A) psyc psycho hosu surg rger ery. y.  B) York psyc psycho hoan anal alys ysis is.. & The New Times  Useful  Not useful C) vari variou ouss medi medica cati tion ons. s. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. D) insu insulin lin sho shock ck ther therap apy. y.

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65. 65. Which Which persp perspect ectii ve was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could b induced by hypnosis? hypn osis? A) psy psycho chogeni eni c B) somatogeni c C) demonologi cal D) moral

66. 66. Bernhe Bernheim im and and Liébault Liébault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in “normal” people, providing suppo which perspective perspectiv e of abnormality? abnormality? A) psy psycho chogeni eni c B) somatogeni c C) demonologi cal D) soci socio ocultu ltural ral 67. 67. The earl early y psycho psychogenic genic treatment that was studied by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud was: A) prayer. B) bleeding. C) hypnotism. D) trep treph hinin ining. g. 68. 68. Acqui Acquirin ring g insigh insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: A) moral ral the thera py. B) psychoanal ysis. C) psychogeni c therapy. D) all all psy psyccholo hological gical therapy. 69. 69. Psycho Psychoana analys lysis is was w as developed as a form of __________ therapy. A) moral B) outpatient C) behavioral D) som somatoge togen nic 70. Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed developed it, was a form of what what we now would call: A) mesme smerism rism.. B) outp outpat atie ient nt ther therap apy. y. C) comm commun unit ity y psych psychol olog ogy. y. D) Krae Kraepe peli lini nism sm.. 71. Which patient patient would be MOST likely likely to benefit from from psychoanalytic psychoanalytic treatment? treatment? A) a person person who needs needs to make profo profound und behavio behavioral ral changes changes very very quickly quickly B) a person person who has has difficulty difficulty expre expressing ssing ideas ideas and and feelings feelings verba verbally lly C) someone someone who is insigh insightful tful and thinks thinks clearly clearly D) someone someone who who is severely severely disturb disturbed ed and in a menta mentall hospital hospital

Master 72.your with Scribd Surveyssemester have found found that 43 percent of people peo ple today believe that that mental illness is caused by: by: Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title A) sinf sinful ul beh behav avio ior. r. B) York lack lack of wil willp lpow ower er.. & The New Times  Useful  Not useful C) lack lack of of selfself-di disc scip ipli line ne.. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. D) something some thing people people bring bring on them themselv selves. es.

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76. 76. A medic medical al resea resear r cher cher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other “mood” disorders. The gener for this type of drug d rug is: A) psy psycho chogeni eni c. B) somatogeni c. C) psy psycho chotro tropi c. D) som somatotr totrop opiic. 77. 77. Drugs Drugs desig designe ned d to t o decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed: A) anti antide depr pres essa sant. nt. B) anti antian anx xiety iety.. C) mood st stabilizers D) anti antip psych sycho ot ic. 78. 78. Drugs Drugs that that allevi alleviate ate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called ________ medications. A) psy psyche chedeli deliccs B) anti antin neuro euroti ticcs C) psy psycho chotro tropi cs D) psy psycho chophys hys iologicals

79. 79. Dave Dave is conf confuse used d and usually thinks that he is an ancient king. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOS be a(n) _______ _______ ___ drug. A) stimulant B) anti antiaanxie nxiety ty C) anti antip psych sycho ot ic D) anti antide depr pres essa sant nt

80. Jena is experien experiencc ing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychia prescribed medic medication, ation, it would likely be a(n) __________ drug. A) stimulant B) anti antian anx xiety iety C) anti antips psyc ycho hoti ticc D) anti antide depr pres essa sant nt 81. The number of patients patients hospitalized in mental mental hospitals in the United States today today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in: A) 1990. B) 1970. C) 1960. D) 1950. 82. One cause of the increase increase in homeless individuals individuals in recent decades decades has been the: A) policy policy of deins deinstit tituti ution onali alizat zation ion.. B) use of of psych psychotr otropi opicc medic medicati ation. on. C) decrease decrease in the the use use of private private psych psychothe otherapy rapy.. D) move move to the the commun community ity menta mentall health health approa approach. ch.

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 83. In theYork United States Sta tes today, one is MOST MOST likely to find a severely severely ill mental menta l patient:  Not useful & The New Times  Useful A) in a ment mental al hosp hospita ital. l. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. B) on the th e str stree eett or or in jail jail.. C)

receiving receiving drug counselin counseling g in a shelte shelter. r.

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87. 87. Partly Partly beca becaus usee of this this emphasis in mental health, many suffering from mental health disorders are currently homeles incarcerated. A) the use of psychotropic medications B) psychoanal ysis C) somatogenic perspective D) com communit unity y mental health approach

88. 88. Suicid Suicidee preventi prevention, on, substance abuse treatment, and eating disorder clinics are MOST similar to which kind of marke A) Whole Foods, a large market that offers many different types of food B) Sweet Cupcakes, a store that specializes in only one type of food C) Corner Mar ket, ket, a Mom-and-Pop Mom-and-Pop store that carries rather old-fashioned old-fashioned food D) New Yo York Deli, a high-end market that serves only the wealthy 89. 89. A signif significa icant nt cha change in the type of care offered now compared to the time Freud was practicing is that: A) few fewer pat patie ien nts are suffering from anxiety and depression. B) few fewer pati patien ents ts receive outpatient treatment. C) people ar are more likely to receive treatment for “problems in living.” D) the there are are fewer fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one type of problem.

90. 90. Effort Effortss to addres addresss the needs of children who are at risk for developing mental disorders (babies of teenage mothers, c of those with severe severe mental disorders) are categorized as: A) pos positiv itivee psy psychology. chology. B) psychoanal ysis. C) eco eco-an -anxiety iety treatment. treatment. D) prev preveention tion.. 91. 91. Which Which pair pair of words words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health? A) prev preveentio ntion n and positive psychology B) promotion and and public psychology C) perfec perfectio tion n and prim primary ary psyc psychol holog ogy y D) people people and professi professional onal psycholo psychology gy

92. If a university had a first-year first-year program designed designed to ease the transition from high high school to college and to decrease decrease th rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to: A) prev preven enti tion on prog progra rams ms.. B) positiv positivee psych psycholo ology gy prog program rams. s. C) deinst deinstitu itutio tiona naliz lizati ation on program programs. s. D) outp outpat atie ient nt the thera rapy py.. 93. Efforts to help people develop develop personally personally meaningful activities activities and healthy relationships relationships are a part of: A) eco-an eco-anxie xiety ty treatm treatment ent.. B) a somato somatogen genic ic appro approach ach to to treatme treatment. nt. C) the clinic clinical al practic practicee of positive positive psycholo psychology. gy. D) an eccen eccentri tric's c's leve levell of creati creativit vity. y.

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free For 30this Days Sign up to The vote on title 94. A psychologist psychologist focuses on optimism, optimism, wisdom, happiness, happiness, and interpersonal interperso nal skills. psycholog psychologist ist is MOST  likely A) a psyc ps ycho hoan anal alys yst. t. & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful B) a posit positiv ivee psych psychol olog ogis ist. t. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. C) a commu com munit nity y menta mentall health health work worker. er. D) a rehab rehabili ilitat tation ion speci speciali alist. st.

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97. 97. A perso person n receiv receivii ng multicultural therapy could expect all of these effects EXCEPT: A) grea greate terr sen senssitivity to cultural issues in therapy. B) a focus on the uniqueness of the issues faced. C) a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems. D) sens sensit itiv ivit ity y to to the traditions of that person's particular culture. 98. Which Which feature feature is NOT is NOT common common in managed managed care programs? programs? A) lim limited ited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from B) prea preap ppro proval for treatment by the insurance company C) ongoing re reviews and assessments D) pati patieent choice oice in number of therapy sessions 99. 99. Parity Parity laws laws for for insurance insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that: A) phy physic sician ians and and psychologists must have the same level of education. B) coverage fo for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally. C) the nu number of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical treatment must be equal. D) pati patien ents ts must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for treatment. 100. 100. A physic physician ian who who has has specialized treatment in mental health issues is called a: A) psyc psychi hiat atri rist st.. B) clin clinic icaal psychologist. sychologist. C) psychodiagnostician. D) psy psycho choanal nal yst.

101. 101. After After medic medical al school, school, a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal mental func this training is called ca lled a(n): A) res residen idenccy. B) inte intern rnsh ship ip.. C) practicum. D) commu communit nity y menta mentall health health tour tour.. 102. One major difference difference between psychiatrists psychiatrists and clinical psychologists psychologists is that psychiatrists: psychiatrists: A) went went to to med medic ical al sch schoo ool. l. B) must must work work in a medic medical al sett setting ing.. C) are allo allowe wed d to do do psych psychoth othera erapy py.. D) have more more traini training ng in mental mental illness. illness. 103. Which statement statement is true about the participation of of women in the mental health health professions? A) There are are more women women in social social work than than in counsel counseling ing professi professions. ons. B) Women Women are least least often found found in medici medicine ne and most most often found found in social social work. work. C) The profess profession ion with the the highest highest percentag percentagee of women women is counselin counseling. g. D) The majority majority of psychi psychiatris atrists ts and clinical clinical psychol psychologis ogists ts are men. men. The specialty that that presently has has the largest number number of practitioners practitioners is: Master104.your semester with Scribd A) psy psychia chiatr try y. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title B) soci sociaal work. ork. C) York psy psycho cholog logyTimes . & The New  Useful  Not useful D) cou counseli selin ng.


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108. 108. As oppos opposed ed to cl cl inical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding understanding of human behavior, clinical resear search for general genera l truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is: A) idio idiosy syn ncrati ratic. c. B) nomosynthetic. C) idio idiog graph raphic ic.. D) nom nomoth othetic. tic. 109. 109. If you you were were usin using g the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking: A) an idio idiog grap raphic understanding. understanding. B) to ad advance conventional wisdom. C) a no nomothetic understanding. D) to ch change current current graduate training. 110. 110. Which Which is NOT NOT considered considered a research method? A) the the case case stu study B) a corre orrela lati tio on C) an ex experiment D) a tre treat atm ment ent plan for an individual individual

111. 111. The idea idea that that chi children ldren from single-parent families show more depression than those from two-parent families is a(n) A) variable. le. B) exp experim erimeent. nt. C) corr correelati latio on. D) hyp hypothes thesis is..

112. 112. A perso person n says, says, “I think “I think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day.” Although this statement i scientific, it is a(n): a(n): A) res researc earch h fin finding. ding. B) hyp hypothes thesis is.. C) exam exampl plee of a case case stu study dy.. D) rese resear arch ch conc conclu lusi sion on.. 113. A psychologist psychologist does a study of an individual individual involving a history, tests, and interviews interviews of associates. associates. A clear picture constructed of this individual so her behavior is better understood. understood. This study is a(n): A) hyp hypothes thesis is.. B) case st study. C) expe experi rime ment ntal al stud study. y. D) corr correelati lation on.. 114. 114. Which Which is an example example of a case study? study? A) a study study invol involving ving use of a control control group group B) a long-ter long-term m study study of a single single clinica clinicall client client C) a study study of all all the cases cases of a disord disorder er in a commun community ity D) the creatio creation n of a disorder disorder in in a group group of lab rats

Master your semester with Scribd 115. 115. Case studie studiess are useful useful for: for: A) formin for ming g genera gen eral l laws law s of beha behavio vior. r. & The New York Times B) studyi studying ng unusua unusuall prob problem lems. s. Special offer for students: $4.99/month. C) conduc conOnly ductin ting g scientif scientific ic experi experime ments nts.. D) elimin eliminati ating ng obser observer ver bias. bias.


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119. 119. A resear research cher er is considering considering whether whether to gather online data from Facebook users without informing the users that thei being used. used. In terms terms of research ethics, which question is the MOST relevant? A) Are Facebook postings considered “public behavior”? B) Are Facebook users a random sample of whatever population is being studied? C) Will Fa Facebook users be able to sue if they think their rights are being violated? D) Will ill the the pot potential benefits of the research outweigh the potential risks to Facebook users?

120. 120. A research researcher er finds finds that individuals who report large numbers of “hassles” in their lives usually also report higher lev stress. Those who who report fewer “hassles” generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of and stress level is: is: A) positive ive. B) negative. C) curv curvil ilin inea ear. r. D) none nonexi xist sten ent. t. 121. 121. “The heavier heavier you are, you are, the more food you are likely to eat.” If true, this statement expresses: A) no corre orrela lati tion on at all. B) a causa ausall rela relationship. tionship. C) a po positive correlation. correlation. D) a nega egative tive correlation. 122. If stress stress levels levels an and physical health are negatively correlated, the researcher can conclude that: A) stre stress ss cause uses people to have poor health. B) as stre tress inc increases, health decreases. C) poo poor healt ealth h causes people to experience stress. D) menta ntal ill illne ness ss causes both stress and poor health. 123. 123. Correlati Correlation on coeff coeff icients icients indicate: A) the the magnitu nitude de and direction of the relationship between variables. B) the causecause-andand-effe effect ct relations relationship hip between between variable variables. s. C) the intern internal al and and externa externall validity validity betwe between en variabl variables. es. D) the signific significance ance and and variabi variability lity betwee between n variable variables. s. 124. Which correlation correlation coefficient coefficient is of the highest highest magnitude? magnitude? A) +0.05 B) –0.81 C) +0.60 D) –0.01 125. Which correlation correlation coefficient coefficient represents represents the weakest weakest relationship? relationship? A) –0.95 B) –0.06 C) +0.30 D) +0.54

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 126. If the correlation correlation between severity severity of depression depression and age is –0.05, it means mean s that: A) York older older people people have have more severe severe depre depression ssion.. & The New Times  Useful  Not useful B) older older people people have less severe severe depre depressio ssion. n. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. C) younger youn ger people peop le have have almost almost no no depre depression ssion..

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D) there is no consiste consistent nt relationsh relationship ip between between age and severity severity of depress depression. ion.

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129. 129. A research researcher er finds finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore researcher may be b e confident that: A) lif life str stres esss ca causes symptoms of depression. B) symptoms of depression cause life stress. C) something else else causes stress and depression. D) lif life str stres esss and and depression are related. 130. 130. Which Which is is NOT NOT a merit of the correlational method? A) It can can be rep replicated. B) It can be analyzed statistically. C) Its Its resu result ltss provide general information. information. D) It prov provid ides es individual information. 131. 131. Which Which result resultss ar e MOST likely from an epidemiological epidemiological study? A) The The rate rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the United States. B) Autism is caused by influenza vaccinations. C) Child ab abuse is often found in the backgrounds of those with multiple personalities. D) Alc Alcoholi holism sm runs runs in families.

132. 132. The form form of of corr corr elational elational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given t period is termed: termed: A) long longit itud udin inal al (incidence). (incidence). B) lon longitud itudin inaal (prevalence). (prevalence). C) epidemiological (incidence). D) epid epidem emio iolo logical gical (prevalence). (prevalence). 133. 133. The prevalen prevalence ce o f sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the: A) tota totall numbe umberr of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic. B) risk of a man developing sexual dysfunction. C) number number of new new cases of of sexual sexual dysfunc dysfunction tion over over a period period of time. time. D) rate of of sexual sexual dysfu dysfunctio nction n in the the commun community. ity.

134. Studies that determine determine the incidence and prevalence prevalence of a disorder disorder in a particular population are called called ______ studie A) long longit itud udin inal al B) exp experim erimeenta ntal C) deve develo lopm pmen enta tall D) epid epidem emio iolo logi gica call 135. The number of new cases cases of a disorder in a population population that emerge in a particular time time interval is called the: A) inc inciden idencce. B) prev prevaalen lence. C) corr correelati lation on.. D) epid epidem emio iolo logy gy..

Master136.your semester with iaScribd There were 10 new cases cases of schizophrenia schizophren in a small town in the Midwest this week. This observation observation refers  to the _ Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title schizophrenia schizophrenia in this small population.  A) York risk & The New Times  Useful  Not useful B) incidence Special offer for students: C) prevOnly alenc$4.99/month. e D) epid epidem emio iolo logy gy

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140. 140. The finding finding that in the United States women have higher rates of anxiety and depression than men is MOST likely d _____ research. research. A) case study B) lon longitu itudin dinal C) analogue D) epid epidem emio iolo logical gical

141. 141. If researche researchers rs studied studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after the veterans' return from Vietnam, meeting with those vet every two years to to collect data, the study would be: A) epid epidem emio iolo logical. gical. B) lon longitu itudin dinal. C) inc inciden identa tal. l. D) exp experim erimen enta tal. l. 142. 142. Which Which is is an aspe aspect ct of the experimental approach? A) the use of confounding confounding variables B) obs observ ervation tion of of people over a period of time C) a deta etailed iled interpretive interpretive description of a subject D) the the manipu ipulation of a variable by the researcher

143. 143. A research research proce proce dure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observe called a(n): A) case case stu study. B) corr correelati latio on. C) exp experim erimeent. nt. D) ind independ endent ent variable. 144. 144. In a scien scientif tific ic ex periment, the variable variable manipulated manipulated or controlled controlled by the experimenter experimenter is called called the _____ variable. A) con confou founding ing B) alte altern rnat ativ ivee C) dependent D) ind independ endent

145. A study included 60 60 people suffering from from an ordinary headache. headache. Twenty received received aspirin, 20 received received a sugar pill t looked like aspirin, and 20 got nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappeared. disappeared. In the oth groups the “cure” rates were 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants were trea identically. This study: A) demonstra demonstrates tes a doub double-bl le-blind ind design. design. B) is an exper experime imenta ntall stud study. y. C) contai contains ns an an impo importa rtant nt confo confoun und. d. D) has thre threee depen dependen dentt variab variables les..

146. A researcher conducted conducted an experiment experiment to study the causes of aggression aggression in children. Half the children children ate a sugared the remaining half ate cornflakes. The researcher then recorded the number of aggressive acts displayed by the child one-hour play period after breakfast. In this experiment:  A) sugared cereal is the dependent dependent variable variable and and cornflakes cornflakes is the independent indep endent variable. variable. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  B) breakfast is the independen independentt variable, and the group of of children is the dependent dependent variable. useful C) the type of of cereal is the dependent dependent variable, variable, and the number of aggressive aggressiv e responses response sNot is the independent independent variable  Useful  Cancel anytime. D) the Only type of cereal cereal is the independent independent variable, variable, and the number number of aggressive aggressive responses responses is the dependent dependent variable Special offer for students: $4.99/month.

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149. 149. Factors Factors other other tha than n the independent variable may also act on the dependent dependent variable. If these factors vary systematica the independent variable, they are called _____. A) irre irrele lev vant ant variables variables B) confounds C) blind me methods D) con contro trolled lled variables

150. 150. A research research study study on a group of children with autism will compare treatment delivered by parents at home to treatme delivered by teachers teac hers at school. If the study finds that the treatment delivered at school is more effective, which item BEST example of of a confound? A) the the tre treat atm ment ent B) the the chil child dren ren C) the the diag iagnosis sis D) diff differ eren encces between es between the parents and teachers teachers

151. 151. The grou group p of par par ticipants ticipants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is _____ group. group. A) control B) confound C) dependent D) exp experim erimeenta ntal

152. 152. One One hundre hundred d psychiatric psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in p The other group was given identical-looking placebo placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill participant receiv received, ed, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What is the control group? A) the new dr drug B) the the lev level of agitation C) the ones who got the placebo D) the the psy psych chia iattric evaluation 153. The BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students students from a class would be to: A) choose choose the the first first 10 who enter enter the classroo classroom. m. B) choose choose the the last last 10 who leave leave the classroom classroom.. C) write each student's student's name name on a piece piece of paper, paper, put the the papers in a pile, close eyes, and pick 10 papers. D) ask students their their ethnicity, grade grade point average, average, and academic academic major, and then then be sure the sample sample reflects a student characteristics.

154. Not all participants are the same. same. Researchers use _____ _____ to reduce the possibility possibility that preexisting differences differences betwe are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation. A) a con contr trol ol grou group p B) rand random om sele select ctio ion n C) rand random om assi assign gnme ment nt D) an exp exper erim imen enta tall grou group p To accomplish random random assignment, assignment, one could assign participants participants to groups by: by: Master155.your semester with Scribd A) placing all the participants sharing an important important characteristic characteristic in the same group. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title B) making making sure sure there there is only only one partic participan ipantt in each each group. group. & The New Times C) York flipping flipping a coin co in to determin determinee group group assignme assignment. nt.  Useful  Not useful D) asking askin g particip part icipants ants to choose choose the group group they they prefe prefer. r. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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158. 158. A “fake “fake”” pill pill used used as the control condition in a drug study is a: A) placebo. B) confound. C) random va variable. D) dep depend endent variable.

159. 159. A resea researche rcher's r's ex pectations about about a study can can affect its outcome. outcome. The type of of research design design used specifically specifically to ad problem is a(n): a(n): A) exp experim erimeent. nt. B) ran random-ass -assiignment design. C) match tched control group design. D) blin blind d des desig ign n. 160. 160. A research researcher er trying trying to eliminate the Rosenthal effect would be sure to: A) use use a blind lind design. B) use a quasi-experimental design. C) randomly as assign participants to two groups. D) ran randomly assign assign participants to three or more groups. 161. 161. The Rosentha Rosenthall ef ef fect: fect: A) is id identi enticcal to the “placebo effect.” B) can be avoi ded by using a blind design. C) is fo found pr primarily in natural experiments. experiments. D) is fou found only in correlational designs.

162. 162. In preparati preparation on for for a study of the effectiveness of an antipsychotic drug, an assistant puts all drugs into capsules of th color and codes them. t hem. The assistant will have no part in administering the drug. Neither the subjects nor the experim know who receives receiv es which drug. This is an example of a: A) sin single gle-bli -blin nd design. B) doub double le-b -bli lind nd desi design gn.. C) trip triple le-b -bli lind nd desi design gn.. D) quasiquasi-ex exper perim iment ental al desi design gn..

163. A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement improvement even when none exists. exists. Which design w prevent this problem? problem? A) long longit itud udin inal al B) dou doublele-blin blind d C) epid epidem emio iolo logi gica call D) expe experi rime ment ntal al 164. The function of the double-blind double-blind design is to guard against: against: A) participa participant nt and experime experimenter nter biases. biases. B) imit imitat atio ion n the thera rapi pies es.. C) sub subjec ject bia bias. s. D) the the Rose Rosent ntha hall effe effect ct..

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 165. Which statement statementTimes distinguishes a quasi-experimenta quasi-experimentall study from a true experim experiment? ent?  Not useful & The New York Useful A) The quasi-e quasi-expe xperime riment nt does does not use use a control control group group.. Special offer for students: $4.99/month. B) TheOnly quasi-e quasi-expe xperime riment nt uses multip multiple le groups groups for comp compariso arison. n. C)

The quasi-e quasi-exper xperimen imentt does not not use any expe experime rimental ntal contro control. l.

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168. 168. Which Which would would MOST MOST appropriately be studied using a quasi-experimental design? A) the the eff effeects cts of of running and weight lifting on mood B) the the effe effect ctss of parents with schizophrenia schizophrenia on children's adjustment adjustment C) the the effe effect ctss of a parental training program on children's achievement D) the the effe ffects cts of of a support group in helping people lose weight

169. 169. The form of expe experiment riment used MOST often to study the psychological psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable unpredictable events is a( __________ __________ experiment. experiment. A) natural B) match tched-control C) analogue D) sin single gle-sub -subje ject ct 170. 170. Which Which would would be LEAST appropriately studied using a natural experiment? A) the the effe effeccts of premarital abstinence on later sexual functioning B) the the effe ffects cts of war on children in Kosovo C) the the effe ffects cts of a plant closing on community cohesiveness D) the the effe effeccts of a particularly harsh blizzard on depression 171. 171. Which Which would would be be the BEST design to study the effects of disasters on survivors? A) an expe xperim riment B) a qu quasi-experiment C) a na natural ex ex periment D) a do double uble-b -bli lind nd strategy 172. 172. Which Which might might be an example of an analogue experiment? A) foll follo owing ing la la boratory rats in natural settings to see if they develop develop signs of “depression” “depression” B) having human participants live for a week in a simulated mental hospital to see how they respond C) exposing la la b rats to high levels levels of stress and having human human participants live in a simulated mental mental hospital wo be examples examples of analogue experiments experiments D) following individuals within their their natural natural environments environments and noting noting behavioral behavioral responses 173. 173. Which Which item is an analogu analoguee study? study? A) studying studying children children in their classroo classrooms ms B) studying studying the effec effects ts of stress stress in nonhum nonhumans ans C) studying studying the effec effects ts of metapho metaphors rs on memory memory D) studying studying the elderly elderly in nursi nursing ng home homess

174. A researcher is interested interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety anxiety and decides decides to study it in rats by condition them the fear of a high-pitched noise and then testing the rats' reactions with and without the drug. This is an examp A) natu natura rall expe experi rime ment nt.. B) anal analog ogue ue exp exper erim imen ent. t. C) quasiquasi-ex exper perim iment ental al study. study. D) corr correelati lation on..

Master your semester with Scribd  Free 30 Days Sign up to vote on this 175. Seligman's study study in which he created learned learned helplessness in the lab is Read an example example ofFor a(n) _____ ____ _title study.  A) York analogue Times & The New  Useful  Not useful B) case Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. C) epid epidem emio iolo logi gica call D) quas quasii-ex expe peri rime ment ntal al

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178. 178. The MOST MOST accu accurate rate summary of what has happened in the United States in the last 50 years to protect the rights of research participants participants would be that: A) the there has has been important progress, but concerns remain. B) recent ch changes in legal and ethical regulation of human research have virtually eliminated potential problem C) the the curr curren entt situation is as bad as it has ever been. D) coll colleg egees an and universities, but not governmental agencies, have made important progress in protecting human rig

179. 179. For peop people le to de decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature o study and their rights. ri ghts. This principle is called: A) risk risk disc isclos losure. B) ben benefit efit analysis. alysis. C) informed co consent. D) privacy. 180. 180. The principle principle of informed consent assumes that: A) the there is com com pensation. B) the the bene enefits fits outweigh outweigh the risks. C) the the parti articcipant ipant can understand the explanation. explanation. D) the there are are no risks in the study under consideration. 181. 181. A recen recentt study study of of informed consent forms showed that: A) most rese resear ar ch participants don't receive them. B) most re resear ch ch participants are insulted by them. C) many re resear ch ch participants don't understand them. D) res researc earch h pa par ticipants ticipants generally already know their rights. 182. 182. The stated stated and and unstated unstated rules that a society establishes to govern proper conduct are referred to as _____.

183. 183. The asp aspect ect of of the definition the definition of abnormality that characterizes behavior as different from what a society considers no given time and place is _____.

184. Ken is so anxious that his anxiety anxiety by itself causes him to suffer. suffer. Ken's situation represents represents the aspect of the definitio abnormality called _____. 185. Colleen is so afraid of open spaces spaces that she cannot cannot leave her house to go to work and and is now in danger of losing her represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called _____.

186. Heather has been feeling depressed depressed and has begun to feel helpless and hopeless and is considering considering committing suicid Killing herself represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called _____. _____. 187. The idea that the behaviors behaviors we label abnormal abnormal are just problems in living was proposed proposed by _____. _____.

Master188.your semester with Scribd  While some clinicians clinicians refer to the person they are treating treating as a patient, others refer to the person as as a(n) _____. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful 189. The early form of surgery surgery in which a hole was made in the skull skull of a person, presumably presumably to allow evil spirits to esca Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. called _____.

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196. 196. The trea treatme tment nt for for mental illness espoused by French physician Philippe Pinel and English Quaker William Tuke _____ treatment treatment by by their contemporaries. contemporaries.

197. 197. An appro approach ach to to treating t reating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized humane and respectful approaches was kno _____ treatment. treatment. 198. 198. The Ame Americ rican an advocate advocate for laws mandating the improved treatment of people with mental disorders was _____. 199. 199. The view view that that physical physical causes are at the root of mental illnesses is called the _____ perspective. 200. 200. The somatoge somatogenic nic view view of mental illness was given a boost in the 1800's when it was discovered that general paresis caused by _____ . _____ . 201. 201. Psychotr Psychotropic opic medications medications fit into the _____ model of treating mental illness. 202. 202. Accordin According g to to the _____ the _____ perspective, psychological psychological causes are at the root of mental illness.

203. 203. The inducem inducement ent of a trancelike state in which a person becomes extremely suggestible suggestible fits into the _____ model of t mental illness. 204. 204. Psychoan Psychoanalys alysis' is' view of causes of abnormal and normal behavior fits into the _____ model.

205. 205. The majo majorr devel development opment utilizing drugs in the treatment of the mentally ill in the second half of the twentieth century development of _ ____. 206. The reduction in the number number of people housed housed in mental hospitals hospitals in the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend ca _____. 207. Moving the focus for for the care of the mentally ill out of hospitals hospitals is part of the _____ approach. approach. 208. The largest group of professionals professionals who provide provide mental health services services are _____. _____. 209. The degree degree that psychiatrists psychiatrists hold is the _____. _____. 210. Sound research research in abnormal abnormal psychology psychology uses the _____ _____ method. method.

211. Clinical researchers form general, general, or _____, knowledge about about the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal abnormal behavi

Master212.your semester withprovScribd Free Foron 30this Days A tentative explanation explanation or hunch hunch that provides ides a basis for study study is a(n) Read _____. _____. Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful

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213. Jason met with$4.99/month. a researcher researcher several times. He was interviewed, interviewed, he took tests, and he was was physically evaluated. evaluated. In ad Special offer for students: Only

the researcher studied his school and employment records and interviewed key people in his life. This type of study i

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220. 220. If one one knew that there were 500,000 total cases of schizophrenia in the United States as of now, that person would k _____ of schizop schizophrenia hrenia in the United States.

221. 221. Sammi Sammi agree agreed d to be to be in the study of memory, but she had not anticipated how she would feel about returning to the la other year for 10 years. 10 years. She is involved in a(n) _____ study. 222. 222. A study study of of the same same individuals on many occasions over a period of time is a(n) _____ study. 223. 223. The type type of stud study y that allows a direct determination of a causal relationship between two variables is a(n) _____.

224. 224. Jack Jack was doin doing g a study a study on anxiety. Members of one group were asked to estimate how many years each had to live. of the other grou p were asked to estimate how many months months until their next next vacation. Jack Jack then gave each each of his par a test that measured measured anxiety and scored them. The score on this test is an example of a(n) _____.

225. 225. Ian mad madee the par par ticipants ticipants in one of his groups anxious by making loud noises but kept the participants in the other g quiet surroundings. surroundin gs. The presence of noise in this case is an example of a(n) _____.

226. 226. Dr. Han Han did did his his experimental experimental manipulation and then tested his experimental group at 9 A.M. and his control group at His study contains contains a(n) _____. 227. 227. The nontreat nontreated ed o r comparison group that is NOT exposed to the independent variable in an experiment is called the 228. 228. If a parti particip cipant ant does does NOT know in which condition she is being tested, she is participating in a(n) _____ design.

229. 229. Dr. Plin Pliny y did NOT NOT tell her subjects which group (what level of the independent independent variable) they were in. She didn't tel this to guard against aga inst _____. 230. In addition to subject subject bias, the double-blind double-blind design design guards guards against _____. _____.

231. Any study that compares compares the responses of men and women (the “independent “independent variable”) is BEST described as a(n) _ design.

232. Genie was isolated from from human contact contact and language by her her (badly disturbed) disturbed) parents for most of the first 13 year life. The effects of early language deprivation could easily be seen and studied. This is an example of a(n) _____ exp

233. If a researcher did a study of anxiety anxiety and used cats for subjects subjects instead of people, people, she would likely be doing a(n) a(n) ___

234. Psychological Psychological abnormality is generally generally defined using “the “the four D's.” First, explain what the four four Ds are and what the regarding psychological abnormality. Then provide an example of a time when each aspect of abnormality would no  considered abnormal. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful 235. Suppose a friend says says to you, “I feel really lousy today, today, and I don't know why. You're You're taking abnormal abnormal psych—wha Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. think?” If, after a conversation, conversation, your friend feels better about things, have you provided psychological psychological therapy? Why not? Include the essential features of therapy in your answer.

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241. 241. Accord According ing to yo yo ur text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, in part, in large numbers of people with severe psycholog disturbances disturbances either either becoming homeless or ending up in jail or prison. Is deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropr strategy for the treatment treatment of mental illness that the United States should continue to follow? Back up your answer w specific examples. example s.

242. Increasin Increasingly, gly, peo ple seeking treatment treatment for mental mental health reasons reasons are members members of managed managed care programs. programs. How a care programs changing ch anging how psychological services are provided? Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of s programs. 243. Clinical Clinical psychol psychologists, ogists, psychiatrists, and clinical researchers are mental health professionals that work in the area psychological psychological abnormality. abnormality. Describe what each does and how they differ from each other.

244. 244. What What are imp import ortant ant differences between case studies and single-subject single-subject experiments? Be sure to mention advantage disadvantages of each. each.

245. 245. Case studies studies can be can be used to help help more than just the one being being studied. Briefly describe three ways one could could use inf gathered from a case study besides helping the one being studied.

246. 246. Descri Describe be three three hypothetical hypothetical correlations: correlations: positive correlations, negative correlations, and unrelated correlations, and example for each. each .

247. 247. A major major shor shortco tcoming ming of a correlational study is that even when a correlation between two variables is statistically si one cannot infer causation. For example, a significant correlation exists between life stress and depression, yet one c for sure that life stress causes depression. Given this major shortcoming, what are some specific reasons one might s to conduct a corr elational elational study, as opposed to an experimental study (from which one might infer a cause-and-effec relationship)?

248. Assume that a researcher wishes to do research designed designed to pinpoint early-childhood early-childhood events related to later developm eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. What type of investigation might the researcher use? What would be pote strengths and weaknesses weaknesses of that type of investigation? Finally, are there any ethical concerns the researcher ought t address?

249. Design an experiment experiment to test the hypothesis hypothesis that older women who take take estrogen are less likely to develop develop Alzheime disease. Be sure to identify the control group, experimental group, independent independent variable, and dependent dependent variable. 250. A researcher wishes to use experimentation experimentation to study the effect of stress on the development of abnormal abnormal behaviors. how the researcher might conduct that study, using either natural or analogue experiments. 251. Which term is NOT used to describe describe behavior that that is psychologically abnormal? abnormal? A) psyc psycho hopa path thol olog ogy y B) disturbed C) ment mental al inst instab abil ilit ity y D) ment mental al illn illnes esss

Master your semester with Scribd & The New YorkclinTimes 252. The role of a clinical ical practitioner in abnormal psychology psychology is to: to: Special offer for students: $4.99/month. A) detect, deteOnly ct, assess, asse ss, and treat treat abnorma abnormall patterns patterns of functio functioning ning.. B)

research, research, detec detect, t, and assess assess abnorm abnormal al function functioning. ing.


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255. 255. Judgm Judgmen ents ts of abnormality abnormality depend on _____ as well as on cultural norms. A) geography B) spec specif ific ic circ circumstances umstances C) politics D) our our health alth care system 256. _____ _____ argues argues that that the deviations that society calls abnormal are simply “problems in living,” and are not indicative something is wrong wrong with the person. A) Carl Carl Rog Rogers ers B) Jerome Fr Frank C) Thomas Szasz D) Dick Gregory 257. 257. Which Which three three essential essential features are included in all forms of therapy? A) a pat patie ien nt, a physician, and and an insurance insurance company company B) a clien lient, t, an insurance company, and treatment goals C) a suffe ufferrer, er, a healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer D) a suf suffe ferrer, er, a healer, a healer, and managed care 258. 258. A trephi trephine ne is: is: A) a tri tricck us used in hypnosis. B) an in instrument used to remove blood from the veins. C) an in instrument used in a twentieth-century lobotomy. D) a sto ston ne in instr ument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.

259. 259. Which Which was one one of of the different early names for a mental disorder that was characterized by extreme sadness and imm A) melan lancholi holiaa B) anorexia C) dys dyspare pareu unia D) bulimia

260. According to ancient ancient views of abnormality, abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of abnormal abnormal behaviors, whi would be taken? A) The shaman shaman would perform perform a more extreme extreme exorcism, exorcism, such as whipping whipping or starving starving the person. person. B) The person person would be burned burned alive because they were were believed believed to be be “beyond “beyond saving.” saving.” C) The person person would would be cast cast out of of the society society with with no means means for for survival. survival. D) The person would would be accepted accepted by society as being a marked marked child of of “God,” and the the abnormal abnormal behavior wou celebrated.

261. Those who suffered from the form of mass madness madness called lycanthropy lycanthropy may have believed themselves themselves to be possess ________ ________ or other animals. animals. A) bats B) wolves C) tigers D) spiders

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  262. Which term hasTimes come come to mean “a chaotic uproar” uproar” and derived its name name from a London hoNot spital where mentally mentally ill pa & The New York Useful useful hospital were treated in horrendous ways? Special offer for students: A) bedOnly lam $4.99/month. B)

hysteria

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265. General General paresis, paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms that include paralysis and delusi grandeur, was found found to be caused by: A) the HIV vir us. B) tub tubercul rculo osis sis. C) syphilis. D) gon gonorrh rrhea.

266. 266. The term term “eu “eugen genic ic sterilization” refers to: A) a public blic policy olicy of providing free medication to those who suffer from mental illness. B) a politi liticcal policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing. C) a pr private po policy of linking mental illness to religion for the purpose of promoting a different religion. D) the the prac ractice tice of of diagnosing all patients with the same illness, regardless of symptoms, so that insurance compan provide payment payment for services. 267. 267. The trea treatme tment nt mechanism mechanism associated associated with touching a t roubled area of a patient's body with a special rod was: A) trep treph hinat inatio ion n. B) exorcism. C) mesmerism. D) lyc lycanth nthropy opy. 268. 268. The poli policy cy of rel releasing easing patients from public mental hospitals was known as: A) moral ral tre treatment. B) the commun ity mental health model. C) the managed care model. D) dein deinst stit itu utio tionalization. 269. 269. Before Before the 1950s 1950s,, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances disturbances took the form of: A) hos hospita pitali liza zattion. B) priv privaate psychotherapy. ychotherapy. C) treatmen treatmentt at comm community unity mental mental health health centers. centers. D) treatmen treatmentt by social social servi services ces agencies agencies.. 270. Insurance parity laws laws are concerned with: A) governme government nt paym payment ent for for menta mentall health health care. care. B) licens licensing ing heal health th care care prov provide iders. rs. C) providin providing g equal equal coverage coverage for for mental mental and medic medical al problems problems.. D) providing providing malprac malpractice tice insuranc insurancee for clinical mental mental health practitio practitioners ners.. 271. Clinical researchers researchers look for _____ truths about about the causes and treatments treatments of abnormality. abnormality. A) nom nomoth othetic tic B) deistic C) universal D) idio idiog grap raphic hic

Master272.your semester with Scribd The Three Faces of Eve chronicles Eve chronicles a _____ study of a woman who displayed three different personalities. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title A) scientific  B) York nomotheticTimes & The New  Useful  Not useful C) meta meta-a -ana naly lyti tica call Special offer for students: D) caseOnly $4.99/month.

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276. 276. Studie Studiess that reve reveal al the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are known as __________ st A) long longit itud udin inal al B) high-risk C) epidemiological D) case

277. 277. A research research proce proce dure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observe known as a(n): A) exp experim erimeent. nt. B) epidemiological study. C) fac factori torial al study. tudy. D) inc inciden idencce st study.

278. 278. The _____ _____ effec effectt is the term that describes a researcher unintentionally unintentionally transmitting his or her expectations about th of the research to a to a research subject. A) Rosenthal B) Stockholm C) dou doublele-blin blind d D) research

279. 279. In a ____ _____ _ study study,, both the participants and the experimenter are prevented from knowing knowing who is in which experime control) group. A) digital B) analogue C) scientific D) zoo zoologi logiccal 280. 280. Research Researchers ers investigating investigating a rare disorder that affects only a few subjects would most likely use a(n) _____ design. A) natu natura rall ex experimental perimental B) exp experim erimeenta ntal C) quas quasii-ex expe peri rime ment ntal al D) single single-su -subje bject ct exper experime imenta ntall

281. To compare a subject subject with himself or herself under under different conditions conditions rather than compare compare that subject to control s one might choose a(n) _____ design. A) analogue B) case study C) corr correl elat atio iona nall D) ABAB 282. To ensure that subjects subjects know what they are getting into into when they sign up for a study, study, researchers must obtain: obtain: A) institu institutio tional nal agree agreeme ment. nt. B) info inform rmed ed cons consen ent. t. C) huma human n rig right htss ass assen ent. t. D) quas quasii-pe perm rmis issi sion on..

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  283. The job of _____ is to gather information systematically systematically so that they may explain the phenom & The New York Times Useful predict, useful  describe,  Notand study. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. A) clinic clinical al pheno phe nome menol nolog ogist istss B)

clin clinic ical al scie scient ntis ists ts

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286. 286. _____ _____ is gener general ally ly defined as a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. A) Asse Assess ssm ment B) Treatment C) Remediation D) Psy Psycho chodiag iagnosis 287. 287. Hippocra Hippocrates tes believed believed that abnormal behavior was caused by: A) evil evil spir spirit its. s. B) blo blood clo clots. ts. C) bon bone spli splint nteers. D) imb imbala alance in bodily fluids. 288. 288. One One of the the most most prominent prominent forerunners forerunners to the the modern community community mental mental health program program was at Gheel, Gheel, which was A) Belgium. B) Germany. C) Spain. D) England.

289. 289. In the the Middle Middle Ag Ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a “wolf spider” believed that the only way to rid them the resulting sym ptoms was to do a dance called called a: A) puri puriffica icado. B) cha chaste stenett nette. e. C) tara taran ntell tellaa. D) sanc sancti tifi ficca.

290. 290. Which Which Germ German an physician physician was the first to specialize in mental illness and is now considered the founder of the mode of psychopathology? psychopatholo gy? A) Wilhelm Wundt Wundt B) Hip Hippocrat cratees C) Sigm Sigmu und Fr Freud eud D) Joh Johann ann We Weyer 291. The French physician physician ______ ______ was associated associated with asylum asylum reform at La Bicêtre. A) Jean Jean Esqu Esquir irol ol B) Phil Philip ipp pe Pin Pinel C) Willi illiam am Tuke uke D) Joh Johann ann We Weyer 292. Which nineteenth-century nineteenth-century perspective perspective held the view that abnormal psychological psychological functioning has physical physical causes? A) psy psycho chogenic enic B) som somatoge togen nic C) psy psycho chotro tropic D) moral

Master293.your semester Scribd The _____ perspective perspective views with the chief chief causes of abnormal abnormal functioning as psychological. psychological. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title A) moral B) York som somatoge togen nic & The New Times  Useful  Not useful C) psy psycho chogenic enic Special offer for students: D) posOnly itive $4.99/month.

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297. 297. A federa federall parity parity law, requiring insurance companies to provide equal coverage for mental and medical problems, wa in the United States States of America in: A) 1973. B) 1984. C) 2004. D) 2008. 298. 298. Before Before the 1950s 1950s , psychotherapy was offered only by: A) neur neurol olog ogis ists ts.. B) hyp hypnotist tists. s. C) psyc psych hiatr iatris istts. D) psy psycho chothe thera pists. 299. 299. At prese present, nt, whic which h single viewpoint dominates the clinical field as the psychoanalytic perspective perspective once did? A) gestalt B) behavioral C) cognitive D) No one pers pective dominates dominates the clinical clinical field. 300. 300. What What percenta percentage ge of of current psychology graduate students are female? A) 40 pe percent B) 28 percent C) 72 percent D) 37 pe percent

301. 301. The main main diff differe erence nce between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is that: A) a psy psycchia hiatri trist is usually a psychoanalyst, while a psychologist is usually a behaviorist. B) a ps psychologist is a medical doctor, while a psychiatrist psychiatrist is a researcher who studies illnesses. illnesses. C) a psyc sychia hiatri trist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy, while a psychologist is not a medical doctor but can therapy. D) a psychiatrist works exclusively exclusively in hospitals, while while a psychologist psychologist works exclusively in mental health clinic

302. If a study found that there was was a perfect correlation between between two variables, which which correlation coefficient coefficient would desc relationship? A) –100.00 B) 1.00 C) 0.00 D) +0.50

303. When an unusual problem problem does not occur often enough to permit a large number of observations, observations, it might be studied a(n): A) ABA ABAB stud study y. B) expe experi rime ment ntal al stud study. y. C) case st study. D) corr correl elat atio iona nall study study..

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  304. A disorder's _____ ____ _ is the total number of existing existing and new cases, while disor der's _____ is the number number of new case cas & The New York Times Useful useful a disorder's  Not emerge during a period of time. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. A) inci incide denc nce; e; preva prevale lenc ncee B)

prev preval alen ence ce;; incid inciden ence ce

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307. 307. The ____ _____ _ varia varia ble is manipulated manipulated in an experiment experiment to determine determine if it has an effect effect on another variable. variable. A) dependent B) confound C) random D) ind independ enden t 308. An imitation imitation treatment treatment that looks or tastes like the real therapy but has none of its key ingredients is: A) a confou nfoun ndi ng variable. B) con consid sidered red to be experimental fraud. C) known as a placebo. D) con contro trolle lled by by the FDA. 309. 309. In a ____ _____ _ desig design, n, research subjects are unaware as to whether they are assigned to the experimental group or the group. A) dou doublele-blin lind B) biased C) blind D) trip triple le-b -bli lin nd

310. 310. Research Researchers ers would would most likely use a(n) _____ research design to compare children who have a history of child abus those who do not. not . A) exp experim erimeenta ntal B) epidemiological C) qua quasi-e si-ex xper imental D) long longit itud udin inal al 311. 311. Which Which face facett of experimental experimental research is missing in a quasi-experimental quasi-experimental design? A) dou doublele-blin blind d design B) reliability C) pred predic icti tive ve vali validi dity ty D) rand random om assi assign gnme ment nt 312. Most informed consent forms forms for clinical research research are written at at a(n) _____ level. level. A) adva advanc nced ed coll colleg egee B) hig high-sch -scho ool C) elem elemen enta tary ry scho school ol D) grad gradua uate te sch schoo ooll



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Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. B 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. B 51. A Special offer for Only $4.99/month. 52students: . D 53 A



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77. D 78. C 79. C 80. D 81. A 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. B 86. B 87. D 88. B 89. C 90. D 91. A 92. A 93. C 94. B 95. B 96. B 97. C 98. D 99. B 100. A 101. A 102. A 103. C 104. B 105. A 106. A 107. B 108. D 109. C 110. D 111. D 112. B 113. B 114. B 115. B 116. D 117. D 118. B 119. A 120. A 121. C 122. B 123. A 124. B 125. B 126. D 127. B 128. C 129. D Special offer for Only $4.99/month. 130students: . D 131 A



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155. C 156. B 157. A 158. A 159. D 160. A 161. B 162. B 163. B 164. A 165. D 166. D 167. A 168. B 169. A 170. A 171. C 172. C 173. B 174. B 175. A 176. D 177. B 178. A 179. C 180. C 181. C 182. 182. norm normss 183. 183. devi devian ance ce 184. 184. dist distre ress ss 185. 185. dysfu dysfunc nctio tion n 186. 186. dang danger er 187. 187. Thoma Thomass Szasz Szasz 188. 188. clie client nt 189. 189. trephi trephina natio tion n 190. 190. exor exorci cism sm 191. 191. Hippoc Hippocrat rates es 192. 192. Hippoc Hippocrat rates es 193. 193. lycant lycanthro hropy py 194. 194. Ghee Gheell 195. 195. Philip Philippe pe Pinel Pinel 196. 196. moral oral 197. 197. moral oral 198. 198. Dorot Dorothea hea Dix 199. 199. somato somatoge genic nic 200. 200. syph syphil ilis is 201. 201. somato somatoge genic nic 202. 202. psych psychoge ogenic nic 203. 203. psych psychoge ogenic nic 204. 204. psych psychoge ogenic nic 205. 205. psychotro psychotropic pic medication medicationss 206. deinstitu deinstitutiona tionalizat lization ion 207. commun community ity mental mental health health Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 208. psychiatr psychiatric ic social socia l workers workers 209. 209. MD or DO



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233. 233. analo analogu guee 234. 234. There There are are said said to be to be four “Ds” of psychological abnormality.

The first is “deviance,” “devi ance,” which describes abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from societ about proper functioning. fun ctioning. An example of deviance that would not be considered abnormal is a person who sleeps ou when camping. While sleeping outdoors is not the norm in our society, we make exception for this behavior under th specific circumstance. circumst ance.

The second is “distress.” “distress.” When an individual feels distress over symptom manifestation, we often consider this a ma abnormality. An example of when distress would not be considered abnormal would be a situation in which a parent experiences experiences distr ess ess because his or her child is serving in the military in a war zone. The feelings of distress inheren daughter or son serving s erving abroad would not be enough to label someone as abnormal in functioning.

The third element elemen t in psychological abnormality is “dysfunction.” Abnormal behavior tends to be considered dysfunc when it interrupts interrupts the ability to function in daily living. An example of when dysfunction would not be considered ab would be if someone some one voluntarily engaged in a hunger strike out of protest. Often these individuals are considered he rather than dysfunctional. dysfu nctional.

The final element element is “danger,” which is usually classified as an individual being a danger or threat to him- or herself others. An exam ple of when dangerousn dangerousness ess would not not be considered considered abnormal could could be during during times of military combat. Individuals Individu als in combat are sometimes called on to harm others, and in acts considered heroic, some soldiers their own lives f or or the safety of their group. 235. 235. Accor Accordin ding g to my text, my text, I have not provided psychological psychological therapy. Clinical theorist Jerome Frank stated that all thera three essential features. features. One is a sufferer who seeks relief from the healer. The second feature of true therapy is that be administered administered by by a trained, socially socially accepted accepted healer who has has expertise in what what the individual individual struggles with. Th essential element of element of therapy is that there should be a series of contacts with the sufferer to produce changes. changes. In this the second and third th ird criteria have not been satisfied. As such, psychological therapy has not taken place. 236. 236. Demo Demonol nolog ogy y is the t he view that psychological dysfunction was caused by Satan's influence. In Europe during the Midd members of the clergy c lergy had great power, and their religious beliefs and explanations dominated dominated education and cultur its influence, the Church the Church controlled how psychological psychological phenomena were interpreted, and alternative scientific expla were dismissed. 237. Answers may include may include any of the following, or other figures discussed in the text: Hippocrates: 460–377 460–377 B.C. Greece. Referred to as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates contributed contributed the belief that illnesses had natural causes, and he saw abnormal behavior as arising arising from physical physical problems. problems. Emil Kraepelin: 1856–1926. Germany. Kraepelin was a German researcher who published a textbook in 1883 stating that physical factors such as fatigue were responsible for mental dysfunction. He also developed the first modern system for classifying abnormal behavior using symptoms, as we do today. Dorothea Dix: 1802–1887. Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Dix was a schoolteacher who called for mental health treatment reform by speaking to both state legislatures and the U.S. Congress about the horrors she witnessed at asylums. Her campaign led to improved laws and funding, specifically to set up state hospitals to care for the mentally ill. Philippe Pinel: 1745–1826. Paris, France. Pinel argued that the mentally ill should be treated with sympathy and kindness, and, after becoming chief physician at La Bicêtre, unchained patients and renovated renovated rooms rooms to reflect his perspective. perspective. Friedrich Anton Mesmer: 1734–1815. 1734–1815. Mesmer was an Austrian physician who set up a clinic in Paris. He used hypnotism to heal those with hysterical disorders, showing that a person sometimes holds the keys for healing him- or herself. Mesmer's hypnotism paved the way for later psychoanalytic explanations using the unconscious. unconscious.  Read Free Foron 30this Days Signofup to vote title Benjamin Rush: 1745–1813. Pennsylvania, U.S. Considered the father American  psychiatry, Rush Rush developed developed humane treatment treatment approaches approaches to mental mental illness, hiring hiring Usefuleven Not useful  Cancel anytime. sensitive attendants to work with patients he treated. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. William Tuke: 1732–1819. England. Tuke founded a rural retreat for those with mental illness using methods of rest, talk, prayer, and work to assist healing. His moral treatment


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239. 239. The somatoge somatogenic nic perspective perspective is the view that abnormal psychology has physical causes. An example would be syphi the mental symptoms sympt oms such as delusions of grandeur that can be caused by this physical illness.

The psychogenic perspective psychogenic perspective is that the causes of abnormal functioning are psychological. Examples include hysteri disorders such as blindness as blindness or other body ailments that individuals may experience experience without a physical cause. 240. 240. Today, Today, in in the the wake wake of deinstitutionalization, many atrocities continue to occur. Both Benjamin Rush and Dorothea D advocates of mor al al treatment, so one could assume that both would be greatly disappointed by our lack of continued those who struggle. strugg le.

They might mak e many suggestions for changes in our policy of deinstitutionalization. deinstitutionalization. For example, we now know although community commu nity mental health centers were intended to be plentiful, there are far too few to meet the needs of t struggle. They would w ould likely advocate for more mental health centers to be constructed and that those centers be acce those who requir e them. Another change in our policy would be transitional release. Rather than simply allowing hu thousands of peo ple peo ple to be immediately immediately released, released, teaching individuals individuals skills of survival survival and providing providing placement placement in transitional living living facilities as well as employment might have helped prevent the homelessness homelessness and struggles the me in our country continue continue to face. 241. 241. Deinstitu Deinstitution tionaliz alization ation in America was not conducted ethically or with an appropriate strategy. Patients who were res hospitals for years, yea rs, with no knowledge of how the outside world operated and often no support structures when they hospitals, were simply simply released to become homeless and without care. The text stated that only 40 to 60 percent of th severe psychological psycholog ical disturbances are receiving care, at least 100,000 are homeless, and another 135,000 reside in ja prisons. This is not not a strategy America should continue to follow. One thing we could do differently is to increase th numbers and accessibility acc essibility of community health centers. The text states that too few community mental health progra available to those those who need them most. 242. 242. Insuranc Insurancee compa companies nies provide health care coverage through managed care programs by largely determining the natur and cost of the services se rvices received. Through these programs, insurance companies, rather than therapists or physicians determine treatment treatment course and progression. One advantage of managed care programs is that they can provide prev care, but a disadvantage disad vantage is that they can l imit choice of therapist, how long treatment lasts, and what type of treatme patient receives. receives. 243. 243. Clinical Clinical psychol psychologists ogists earn a doctorate in clinical psychology and provide counseling services to those who are men Psychiatrists are physicians are physicians and and have gone gone through medical medical school, school, earning either an MD or DO, and specializing in treatment of the mentally ill. Psychiatrists can also provide counseling services, and often provide medication when Clinical researchers researchers tackle the problems of psychological abnormality from the laboratory, attempting to explain abnormal behavior behavior but not working with clients directly unless studying an illness. Clinical researchers do not treat as both psychiatrists and clinical psychologists often do. 244. A case study follows an individual, individual, describing describing that person's life and problems problems as well as history, symptoms, symptoms, and trea a case study, a clinician can follow the course of a treatment and offer new ideas or treatments to future clinicians. T benefits of case case studies are that that they can often show the value value of new therapeutic therapeutic techniques techniques and give unusual pro focused attention that can be used to help others who show similar problems.

The limitations of case studies are that often the observers can be biased, because they may have an interest in seein patient succeed succeed or having their methods methods work. Case studies studies rely solely on subjective evidence evidence and so they they also lack validity. Case studies also are limitedly generalizable, and because we often find that case studies have difficulty be applicable beyond beyond the actual person of study, they rate low on external validity.

Single-subject experiments negate many of the weaknesses of case studies because single-subject experiments use experimental design, giving them additional power. In single-subject experiments, a lone participant is observed both and after the manipulation of an independent variable. While the benefits of this type of experiment are clearly contr the ability to establish a baseline, baseline, there are still limitations. For instance, having only only one subject does not not allow fo comparison comparison of results against others, so there is no control group, random assignment, assignment, or ability to test for a placebo 245. One could use use information gathered from from a case study study in three ways: ways: 

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  First, case studies can be a source of new ideas about behavior, opening the way for future discoveries. & The New York Times Useful  Not useful An example  would be that Freud used his case studies in developing psychoanalysis. Second, case studies can show the value of n Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. therapeutic techniques and demonstrate new ways of applying existing techniques for outcomes. Finally, case studie

clinicians opportunities opportunities to study rare or unusual problems in ways that offer the opportunity to help others—both cli

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248. 248. If a resea research rcher er wanted wanted to design a study to pinpoint early-childhood early-childhood events related to later development development of eating dis that researcher would would likely use a combined approach. approach. Epidemiological Epidemiological studies, a special form of correlational resea measures the incidence incidence (number of new cases) and prevalence (total number of cases of a disorder), would show the the disorder generally gene rally over a period of time. It is likely that trends discovered would lead the researcher to isolate variables within certain groups that help to cause certain disorders, such as eating disorders. As noted in the text, suc su have been used to t o examine eating disorders and their prevalence in Western countries over non-Western countries.

Combining epidemiological epide miological studies with longitudinal studies (sometimes called developmental studies or high-risk s researcher would examine would examine the same individuals over a period of time to further pinpoint specific childhood events.

Despite the strengths stren gths and amount of information, longitudinal studies do not pinpoint causation. The ethical concern approach is the question q uestion of harm in simply observing individuals as they develop a disorder without intervention. Th researcher should shoul d address this issue in the design of the study before proceeding. proceeding. 249. 249. Hypot Hypothe hesis sis:: Older Older women who take estrogen are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease.

First, because a r esearcher esearcher cannot follow all older women, the researcher must define the age range and then get a representative representative sample sample of them. The sample should represent women at large in economics, demographic variables (r and so on, so that tha t any results can be generalized to the larger population.

After acquiring a sample, a sample, the researcher should randomly assign the women to two groups: the experimental group a control group. The T he experimental group would be exposed to the independent variable (estrogen) and the control grou not. The researcher researcher would then follow the women, and, in an established time frame, give them cognitive tests t hat m symptoms of Alzheimer's Alzheimer's disease (the dependent variable).

After measurement measureme nt of the dependent variable, comparing both experimental and control groups would offer the outco women who took estrogen estrogen were less likely to get Alzheimer's disease, the hypothesis would be confirmed, and, if no hypothesis would woul d be disproven. 250. 250. In natural natural experi experiments, ments, nature itself manipulates the independent variable. One method for studying the effect of stre development of a bnormal behaviors behaviors would be to examine examine individuals after a natural disaster disaster (which would would inherentl stress on an individual). individual). For example, if a natural disaster like a tsunami flooded and destroyed a coastal city, a rese could study the survivors s urvivors (who function as an experimental group) and then gather data on individuals well outside t affected region (who ( who function as a control group). The researcher could then compare them on behavioral measures abnormality (dependent (dependent variable) and acquire results.

In analogue experiments, experiments, researchers can induce participants in a laboratory to behave in ways that resemble real-lif abnormal behavior and then conduct experiments on them to shed light on real-life abnormality. A researcher looking study individuals in this way may have difficulty ethically, even if using animal models, because it naturally places animals and humans in a distressed state.

To conduct an analogue experiment examining the effects of stress in the development of abnormal behaviors, an experimenter experimenter could elicit stress in the subject by placing him or her in a situation that would be inherently stressful a measuring the abnormal behaviors (dependent variable) to determine relationship. 251. C 252. A 253. D 254. D 255. B 256. C 257. C 258. D  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 259. A  260. A Useful  Not useful  Cancel anytime. 261. B Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 262. A 263 C


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287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312.

D A C D B B C D B C D C D C C B C B D D D C C C D A



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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Comer

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