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TEMA 5: GEOGRAPHIC, HISTORIC AND CULTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE ENGLIS ENGLISH-SP H-SPEA EAKING KING CONUNT CONUNTRIE RIES. S. DIDACTI DIDACTIC C APPLICA PPLICAT TION OF THE MOS MOST
MEA MEANING NINGF FUL
GEOGR EOGRA APHIC PHIC,,
HIST HISTO ORIC
AND
CULT ULTURA URAL
ASPECTS.
1.- INTRODUCTION:
English is spoken spoken in all continents continents English is the !ost "i#esp$ea# "i#esp$ea# lang%age lang%age on ea$th English speaking speaking is esta&lishe# esta&lishe# in in the '$itish Isles( Isles( No$th A!e$ica( A%st$alia an# an# No$t No$th h A)$ic )$ica a The The Engl Englis ish h spea speaki king ng is %nce %nce$t $tai ain n in A)$ic )$ica( a( In#i In#ian an s%&continent an# So%theast Asia *e "ill #$a" a geog$aphical( histo$ical an# c%lt%$al o%tline o) the !ost i!po$tant English+speaking co%nt$ies *e "ill "ill st%#, the i!po$tance i!po$tance o) socioc%lt%$al co!petence to the ac-%isition o) o) co!!%nicati.e( an# list acti.ities to $each it
2.- GEOGRA GEOGRAPHI PHIC, C, HISTO HISTORIC RIC
AND CULT CULTURAL URAL FRAMEW FRAMEWORK ORK OF THE THE
ENGLISH-SPEAKING ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.
2.1.- EXTENT AND SIGNIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Englis English h has sp$ea sp$ea# # all o.e$ o.e$ the "o$l# "o$l# C%$$ent C%$$entl, l, Engli English sh is spoke spoken n an# %n#e$stoo# in the "hole continent It is the inte$national lang%age o) co!!e$ce( science an# $esea$ch It is easie$ to lea$n )o$ Asiatics an# A)$icans( &%t F$ance "ants to a.oi# the %se o) English "o$#s In Spain the$e ha.e &een ca!paigns against the A!e$ican /conta!ination0 in pape$s( $a#io( T1 o$ cine!a *e can sa, that in So%th A!e$ica( English is "i#el, spoken spoken Man, Ca$i&&ean co%nt$ies a$e &iling%al( the, speak English an# Spanish
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This This #e!a #e!an# n# o) Engl Englis ish( h( all all o.e$ o.e$ the "o$l# "o$l#(( has ca%s ca%se# e# an econ econo! o!ic ic pheno!enon( a !ilita$, e2pansion( the scienti)ic a#.ances an# the po"e$ o) !e#ia
2.2.- ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
The Angles( the Sa2ons Sa2ons an# an# the 3%tes( i!po$te# i!po$te# English English )$o! the continent continent "hen the, in.a#e# /G$eat '$itain0( a)te$ the a$$i.al o) the Ro!an E!pi$e in the 4th cent%$, The lang%age lang%age o) these th$ee peoples "as "as &asicall, the sa!e( an# the kno" #ialects o) Old English #e.elope# a)te$ thei$ setting in the isles The No$!an Con-%est in 5677 5677 ca%se# ca%se# t$e!en#o%s t$e!en#o%s ling%istic changes changes )$o! that !o!ent on "e "ill talk a&o%t Middle English Cha$acte$istics o) Middle English "e$e8 •
Re#%ctions o) in)lections
•
Disappea$ance o) the g$a!!atical gen#e$
•
Rigi#it, in sentence "o$# o$#e$
•
Fight a!ong #ialects
•
F$ench o$thog$aph,
The in)l%ence o) F$ench an# Latin te$!s !o#i), the st$%ct%$e o) the English Lang%age A&o%t A&o%t 5946( 5946( "hen the Normans lost No$!an#, an# F$ench lang%age took an# i!po$tant pape$( it &egan to &e -%estione# "hethe$ English sho%l# &e %se# as a $ep$esentati.e national lang%age *hich #ialle# #ialle# sho%l# sho%l# &eco!e &eco!e the stan#a$# stan#a$# lang%age lang%age: : A$o%n# A$o%n# 5;46 the Lon#on #ialect "as a&o%t to &eco!e the /"inne$0 The politic political al p$e#o!i p$e#o!inanc nance e o) Lon#o Lon#on n as a go.e$ning go.e$ning cent$e cent$e )acilities )acilities the sp$ea#ing o) this #ialect tho%ght the co%nt$, F$o! 5<66 on"a$#s F$ench F$ench is $e#%ce# to the a$istoc$ac, an# as a .ehicle o) co!!e$cial t$ansactions "ith the continent
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F$o! 5746 to 5=46 the$e is a change in the attit%#e o) English people to"a$#s to"a$#s thei$ o"n lang%age The$ The$e e ha.e ha.e &een &een so!e so!e chang changes es in the the Stan# Stan#a$ a$# # Englis English( h( the, the, a$e a$e a conse-%ence o) the #i.e$si)ication o) the /social #ialects0
2.3.- GEOGRAP GEOGRAPHIC, HIC, HISTORIC HISTORIC AND CULT CULTURAL URAL FRAMEWOR FRAMEWORK K OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.
English is the !ost spoken spoken lang%age lang%age in the "o$l# a)te$ Chinese Chinese *e a$e going to talk a&o%t the gene$al cha$acte$istics o) the English+speaking co%nt$ies A+ T>E ?NITED @INGDOM @INGDOM In )%ll the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Is !a#e %p o) Englan#( *ales( Scotlan# an# No$the$n I$elan# Its a !e!&e$ !e!&e$ o) the Co!!on"ealth an# E%$opean E%$opean Co!!%nit, Co!!%nit, The The capital is Lon#on The c%$$enc, is ste$ling po%n# It is a constit%tional constit%tional !ona$ch,( !ona$ch,( "ith t"o t"o ho%ses8 >o%se >o%se o) Lo$#s an# >o%se o) Co!!ons The chie) o) state is the so.e$eign( an# the hea# o) go.e$n!ent is the p$i!e !iniste$ Its Its geog$ geog$ap aphi hicc sit%at sit%atio ion n has !a$ke !a$ke# # its histo histo$, $,(( cha$a cha$act cte$ e$iB iBe# e# &, its in#epen#ence to the continent No"a#a,s this #istance has #isappea$e# "ith the &%il#ing o) the channel t%nnel In#%st$, In#%st$, has has al"a, al"a,ss &een the !ain !ain econo! econo!ic ic so%$ce( so%$ce( he$e the in#%s in#%st$ial t$ial $e.ol%tion took place Co!!e$ce has also &een the &asic )o$ thei$ p$ospe$it, The ?@ #o!inate# the !a$iti!e $o%tes The '$itish !ona$ch, "as )o%n#e# in 5677 &, *illia! the Con-%e$o$( it has &een a s,ste!( "ith a s!all &$eak o) ten ,ea$s co$$espon#ing to the $ep%&lican go.e$n!ent i!pose# &, Oli.e$ C$o!"ell At the p$esent p$esent !o!ent( !o!ent( the the !ona$ch !ona$ch is Elisa&e Elisað th II she is is also the the hea# o) o) the Anglican Ch%$ch The$e a$e t"o &ig political political pa$ties8 the the conse$.ati.e conse$.ati.e pa$t, an# the la&o%$ pa$t, pa$t,
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The p$incipal $i.e$ is the Tha!es The highest highest point in ?@ is 'en Ne.is 5;<; in Scotlan# The pop%lation g$e" in 546 "ith the a$$i.al o) Co!!on"ealth e!ig$ants The, ca!e )$o! In#ia( Pakistan an# 'angla#esh
'+ T>E REP?'LIC OF IRELAND This This nation nation occ%p occ%pies ies the the la$gest la$gest pa$t pa$t o) an islan# islan# sit%a sit%ate# te# "est "est o) G$eat G$eat '$itain The national lang%age is I$ish( &%t the o))icial one is English The !ao$ $eligion is Catholicis! Its capital is D%&lin I$elan# I$elan# is an %nita$, %nita$, !%ltipa$t, !%ltipa$t, $ep%&lic( $ep%&lic( "ith "ith t"o ho%ses8 ho%ses8 senate senate an# an# the ho%se o) $ep$esentati.e The chie) o) state is the p$esi#ent an# the hea# o) go.e$n!ent is the p$i!e !iniste$ C%$$enc, is I$ish po%n# The highest point is ca$$ant%chill the !ao$ $i.e$ is the Shannon I$elan# &elongs to the E%$opean Co!!%nit, Co!!%nit, I$elan# o&tains the in#epen#ence )$o! G$eat '$itain in 595 The I$ish econo!, econo!, is &ase# on the ag$ic%lt%$e It has not not got i!po$tant !ine$al $eso%$ces Cathol olic icss an# an# P$ot P$otes esta tant nts( s( The The !ao$ !ao$it, it, o) the the The The relig religio ious us conf confli lict ct:: Cath pop%lation in Englan# is Anglican( the !ain )eat%$es o) the Anglican Ch%$ch a$e the s%&o$#ination to the H%een an# its positi.es $eection o) the Pope a%tho$it, In No$the$n I$elan#( !ost o) the pop%lation is Catholic In 'el)ast( the capital( capital( Catholics an# P$otestants ca%se al!ost #ail, .icti!s The IRA( I$ish Rep%&lican A$!,( A$!,( co!!its te$$o$ist attacks The IRA "ants the P$otestants to a&an#on No$the$n I$elan# The, "ant to get the sel)+go.e$n!ent )o$ the ?lste$
C+ T>E ?NITED STATES English lang%age lang%age is an %ni.e$sal %ni.e$sal lang%age lang%age &eca%se it has &een esta&lishe# esta&lishe# in !an, co%nt$ies This e2po$t &egan in 5 th cent%$, "ith the &i$th o) the colonies in No$th A!e$ica The !ain $eason o) the stat%s o) English is the g$eat n%!&e$ o$ inha&itants in ?SA an# the !assi.e e!ig$ations on the 5 th an# 96th cent%$, The ?SA is a )e#e$al $ep%&lic $ep%&lic )o$!e# &, 46 states
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T"o T"o legislati.es ho%ses8 senate senate an# the ho%se ho%se o) $ep$esentati.e $ep$esentati.e The hea# o) state an# go.e$n!ent is the p$esi#ent Its capital capital is *ashin *ashington gton The )i$st )i$st $i.e$ is Mississ Mississippi ippi $i.e$ $i.e$ The The c%$$enc, c%$$enc, is A!e$ican #olla$ #olla$ Religion8 the$e isnt a p$incipal $eligion P$otestantis! is( pe$haps( the !ost p$actise# It is a natio nation n o) g$o%ps g$o%ps(( "he$e "he$e the !ino !ino$iti $ities es t$, to to get e-%a e-%all $ights $ights an# an# oppo$t%nities The lang%age is English( &%t the$e a$e !ino$ities s%ch as Spanish o$ Asians( t$,ing to keep ali.e thei$ lang%age It is a .e$, $ich co%nt$, co%nt$,(( "ith i!po$tant !etallic an# an# ene$g, so%$ces The The ?SA o&tains the in#epen#ence )$o! G$eat '$itain in 5=; F$o! !o$e than hal) a cent%$, ago the ?SA is the 5 st "o$l# po"e$ Its histo$, is a long an# constant te$$ito$ial p$og$ess( "ith a g$eat political an# !ilita$, #e.elop!ent
D+ T>E 'RITIS> EMPIRE The 1icto$ian 1icto$ian E$a 5=;+565 "as a pe$io# o) p$estige )o$ G$eat '$itain In the the 57th cent%$, G$eat '$itain #e.elope# its co!!e$cial capacit,( &, con-%e$ing e.e$, st$ategic point along the !e$cantile $o%tes D%$ing the 5= th an# 5th cent%$ies( the, &eca!e a g$eat e!pi$e All thes these e te$$ito te$$ito$ies $ies "e$e "e$e cont$ cont$oll olle# e# &, gene$ gene$ato ato$s $s "ho "ho i!pose i!pose# # thei$ thei$ lang%age( thei$ c%lt%$e an# la"s Most o) these te$$ito$ies "e$e colonies )o$ the e2ploitation( "hich o$iginate# the '$itish $ichness an# splen#o%$ splen#o%$ The pop%lation "as )o$!e# &, e!ig$ant "ho "ante# to sta$t a ne" li)e The #i))e$e #i))e$ent nt te$$ito$ies te$$ito$ies got got thei$ thei$ in#epen#e in#epen#ence( nce( &%t &%t so!e o) the! the! "e$e "e$e not p$epa$e# )o$ sel)+go.e$ning an# ha.e &eca!e ; $# "o$l# co%nt$ies $%le# &, #ictato$s
E+ T>E COMMON*EALT>
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It "as )o%n#e# in 5;5 to ca$$, o%t the #issol%tion o) the '$itish E!pi$e It is )o$!e# &, ;9 in#epen#ent nations( the, !aintain the English c$o"n as thei$ >ea# o) State The $eason $eason )o$ )o$ this instit%tion instit%tion is is the econo econo!ic !ic inte$est inte$est o) o) the co%nt$ co%nt$ies ies that that &elong to it States !e!&e$s8 !e!&e$s8 ?@( Cana#a( T$init, an# To&ago( o&ago( @en,a( @en,a( Nige$ia( Ja!&ia( A%st$alia( Ne" Jealan#( etc
F+ P>ILIPPINES The $ep%&lic $ep%&lic o) Philippines is is an in#epen#ent state since since 5<7 Lang%age8 Tagalo English as a co!!e$cial lang%age Religion8 Catholic Capital8 Manila Spain lost the colon, in 5==( %n#e$ the #o!ain o) ?SA in 5;4( it "as constit%te# as a so.e$eign state %n#e$ the No$th A!e$ican s%pe$.ision
G+ T>E COMMON LA* An a!aBing a!aBing )act a&o%t a&o%t the English legal legal s,ste! The$e is not a penal o$ ci.il co#e The, ha.e the co!!on la" The sentences a$e &ase# on p$e.io%s t$ials The %$ies %$ies a$e )o$!e# )o$!e# &, citiBens citiBens co!ing co!ing )$o! #i))e$ #i))e$ent ent social social classes( classes( the, the, consi#e$ i) the acc%se# is g%ilt, o$ innocent In ?SA( ?SA( the$e a$e a$e )e#e$al )e#e$al %$is#ic %$is#ictions tions(( e.e$, state has has its o"n o"n la"s( la"s( co%$ts co%$ts an# police
3.- DIDACTIC DIDACTIC APPLICATION PPLICATION OF THE MOST MANINGFU MANINGFUL L GEOGRAP GEOGRAPHIC HIC HISTORIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS.
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The teache$ teache$ o) a !o#e$n lang%age !%st teach not onl, the )o$eign lang%age &%t also the ci.iliBation o) the co%nt$ies an# people "ho speak that lang%age Apa$t )$o! histo$, an# geog$aph,( geog$aph,( o%$ o%$ p%pils !%st get get )a!ilia$ politics( !ass !e#ia( etc
3.1.- HOW CAN WE TEACH ENGLICH CIVILIZATION CIVILIZATION
The$e a$e ; #i))e$ent p$oce#%$es8 1. I!"#$% I!"#$%$#" $#"&"' &"'(# (# $#&)' $#&)'!*. !*.
Fi$st "e !%st kno" the le.el o) the g$o%p &e)o$e planning an, acti.it, acti.it, The$e sho%l# &e a co$$espon#ence &et"een the le.el o) the te2t an# the le.el o) the g$o%p Di)) Di))e$ e$en entt t,pe t,pess o) te2t te2ts s The The i!po i!po$t $tan antt $es% $es%ltlt is that that the, the, get get the the signi)ication a&o%t the societ, o$ social aspects $e)lecte# in the te2t+ E2a!ple8 o%$ne, a$o%n# the "o$l# in =6 #a,s The t,pical gentle!an 2. P$&+" P$&+"'+# '+# $& $&// #0%$# #0%$#' '!. !.
*e can o))e$ o%$ p%pils photog$aphs sho"ing #i))e$ent aspects o) '$itish li)e( the, !%st sa, "hate.e$ the, s%ggest to the! *e can %se a #$a!atiBation o) a #ialog%e( eg /An English &$eak)ast0 )oo#s( ti!eta&le( co%$tes, sentences( /a to%$ist .isit0 "e can %se postca$#s o$ photog$aphs *e can !ention Ch$ist!as( Thanksgi.ing Da,( A!e$ican In#epen#ence 3. D')& D')&+" +"'+ '+ # # !* !*. .
The, a$e a pe#agogic s%ppo$t )o$ the teaching o) ci.iliBation The songs !%st ha.e ce$tain cha$acte$istics8 -
co$$espon#ence "ith the le.el o) the p%pils
-
Inte$esting )o$ the p%pils
The, can lea$n so!e st$%ct%$es "ith the songs