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TEMA 5: GEOGRAPHIC, HISTORIC AND CULTURAL FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK OF THE ENGLIS ENGLISH-SP H-SPEAK EAKING ING CONUNT CONUNTRIE RIES. S. DIDACT DIDACTIC IC APPLIC APPLICA ATION TION OF THE MOS MOST
MEAN MEANIN ING GFUL
GEOGR EOGRAP APHI HIC, C,
HIS HISTORIC ORIC
AND
CUL CULTURAL URAL
ASPECTS.
1.- INTRODUCTION:
English is spoken spoken in all continents continents English is the !ost "i#esp$ea# "i#esp$ea# lang%age lang%age on ea$th English speaking speaking is esta&lishe# esta&lishe# in in the '$itish Isles( Isles( No$th A!e$ica( A%st$alia an# an# No$t No$th h A)$i A)$ica ca The The Engl Englis ish h spea speaki king ng is %nce %nce$t $tai ain n in A)$i A)$ica ca(( In#i In#ian an s%&continent an# So%theast Asia *e "ill #$a" a geog$aphical( histo$ical an# c%lt%$al o%tline o) the !ost i!po$tant English+speaking co%nt$ies *e "ill st%#, the i!po$tance i!po$tance o) socioc%lt%$al co!petence to the ac-%isition o) co!!%nicati.e( an# list acti.ities to $each it
2.- GEOGRAP GEOGRAPHIC HIC,, HISTO HISTORIC RIC
AND CULTUR CULTURAL AL FRAMEWO FRAMEWORK RK OF THE
ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.
2.1.- EXTENT AND SIGNIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Englis English h has sp$ea sp$ea# # all o.e$ o.e$ the "o$l "o$l# # C%$$en C%$$entl, tl, Engli English sh is spoke spoken n an# %n#e$stoo# in the "hole continent It is the inte$national lang%age o) co!!e$ce( science an# $esea$ch It is easie$ to lea$n )o$ Asiatics an# A)$icans( &%t F$ance "ants to a.oi# the %se o) English "o$#s In Spain the$e ha.e &een ca!paigns against the A!e$ican /conta!ination0 in pape$s( $a#io( T1 o$ cine!a *e can sa, that in So%th A!e$ica( English is "i#el, spoken spoken Man, Ca$i&&ean co%nt$ies a$e &iling%al( the, speak English an# Spanish
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This #e!an# o) English( all o.e$ the "o$l#( has ca%se# an econo!ic pheno!enon( a !ilita$, e2pansion( the scienti)ic a#.ances an# the po"e$ o) !e#ia
2.2.- ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
The Angles( the Sa2ons an# the 3%tes( i!po$te# English )$o! the continent "hen the, in.a#e# /G$eat '$itain0( a)te$ the a$$i.al o) the Ro!an E!pi$e in the 4th cent%$, The lang%age o) these th$ee peoples "as &asicall, the sa!e( an# the kno" #ialects o) Old English #e.elope# a)te$ thei$ setting in the isles The No$!an Con-%est in 5677 ca%se# t$e!en#o%s ling%istic changes )$o! that !o!ent on "e "ill talk a&o%t Middle English Cha$acte$istics o) Middle English "e$e8
Re#%ctions o) in)lections
Disappea$ance o) the g$a!!atical gen#e$
Rigi#it, in sentence "o$# o$#e$
Fight a!ong #ialects
F$ench o$thog$aph,
The in)l%ence o) F$ench an# Latin te$!s !o#i), the st$%ct%$e o) the English Lang%age A&o%t 5946( "hen the Normans lost No$!an#, an# F$ench lang%age took an# i!po$tant pape$( it &egan to &e -%estione# "hethe$ English sho%l# &e %se# as a $ep$esentati.e national lang%age *hich #ialle# sho%l# &eco!e the stan#a$# lang%age: A$o%n# 5;46 the Lon#on #ialect "as a&o%t to &eco!e the /"inne$0 The political p$e#o!inance o) Lon#on as a go.e$ning cent$e )acilities the sp$ea#ing o) this #ialect tho%ght the co%nt$, F$o! 5<66 on"a$#s F$ench is $e#%ce# to the a$istoc$ac, an# as a .ehicle o) co!!e$cial t$ansactions "ith the continent
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F$o! 5746 to 5=46 the$e is a change in the attit%#e o) English people to"a$#s thei$ o"n lang%age The$e ha.e &een so!e changes in the Stan#a$# English( the, a$e a conse-%ence o) the #i.e$si)ication o) the /social #ialects0
2.3.- GEOGRAPHIC, HISTORIC AND CULTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES.
English is the !ost spoken lang%age in the "o$l# a)te$ Chinese *e a$e going to talk a&o%t the gene$al cha$acte$istics o) the English+speaking co%nt$ies A+ T>E ?NITED @INGDOM In )%ll the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Is !a#e %p o) Englan#( *ales( Scotlan# an# No$the$n I$elan# Its a !e!&e$ o) the Co!!on"ealth an# E%$opean Co!!%nit, The capital is Lon#on The c%$$enc, is ste$ling po%n# It is a constit%tional !ona$ch,( "ith t"o ho%ses8 >o%se o) Lo$#s an# >o%se o) Co!!ons The chie) o) state is the so.e$eign( an# the hea# o) go.e$n!ent is the p$i!e !iniste$ Its geog$aphic sit%ation has !a$ke# its histo$,( cha$acte$iBe# &, its in#epen#ence to the continent No"a#a,s this #istance has #isappea$e# "ith the &%il#ing o) the channel t%nnel In#%st$, has al"a,s &een the !ain econo!ic so%$ce( he$e the in#%st$ial $e.ol%tion took place Co!!e$ce has also &een the &asic )o$ thei$ p$ospe$it, The ?@ #o!inate# the !a$iti!e $o%tes The '$itish !ona$ch, "as )o%n#e# in 5677 &, *illia! the Con-%e$o$( it has &een a s,ste!( "ith a s!all &$eak o) ten ,ea$s co$$espon#ing to the $ep%&lican go.e$n!ent i!pose# &, Oli.e$ C$o!"ell At the p$esent !o!ent( the !ona$ch is Elisað II she is also the hea# o) the Anglican Ch%$ch The$e a$e t"o &ig political pa$ties8 the conse$.ati.e pa$t, an# the la&o%$ pa$t,
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The p$incipal $i.e$ is the Tha!es The highest point in ?@ is 'en Ne.is 5;<; in Scotlan# The pop%lation g$e" in 546 "ith the a$$i.al o) Co!!on"ealth e!ig$ants The, ca!e )$o! In#ia( Pakistan an# 'angla#esh
'+ T>E REP?'LIC OF IRELAND This nation occ%pies the la$gest pa$t o) an islan# sit%ate# "est o) G$eat '$itain The national lang%age is I$ish( &%t the o))icial one is English The !ao$ $eligion is Catholicis! Its capital is D%&lin I$elan# is an %nita$, !%ltipa$t, $ep%&lic( "ith t"o ho%ses8 senate an# the ho%se o) $ep$esentati.e The chie) o) state is the p$esi#ent an# the hea# o) go.e$n!ent is the p$i!e !iniste$ C%$$enc, is I$ish po%n# The highest point is ca$$ant%chill the !ao$ $i.e$ is the Shannon I$elan# &elongs to the E%$opean Co!!%nit, I$elan# o&tains the in#epen#ence )$o! G$eat '$itain in 595 The I$ish econo!, is &ase# on the ag$ic%lt%$e It has not got i!po$tant !ine$al $eso%$ces The religious conflict: Catholics an# P$otestants( The !ao$it, o) the
pop%lation in Englan# is Anglican( the !ain )eat%$es o) the Anglican Ch%$ch a$e the s%&o$#ination to the H%een an# its positi.es $eection o) the Pope a%tho$it, In No$the$n I$elan#( !ost o) the pop%lation is Catholic In 'el)ast( the capital( Catholics an# P$otestants ca%se al!ost #ail, .icti!s The IRA( I$ish Rep%&lican A$!,( co!!its te$$o$ist attacks The IRA "ants the P$otestants to a&an#on No$the$n I$elan# The, "ant to get the sel)+go.e$n!ent )o$ the ?lste$
C+ T>E ?NITED STATES English lang%age is an %ni.e$sal lang%age &eca%se it has &een esta&lishe# in !an, co%nt$ies This e2po$t &egan in 5 th cent%$, "ith the &i$th o) the colonies in No$th A!e$ica The !ain $eason o) the stat%s o) English is the g$eat n%!&e$ o$ inha&itants in ?SA an# the !assi.e e!ig$ations on the 5 th an# 96th cent%$, The ?SA is a )e#e$al $ep%&lic )o$!e# &, 46 states
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T"o legislati.es ho%ses8 senate an# the ho%se o) $ep$esentati.e The hea# o) state an# go.e$n!ent is the p$esi#ent Its capital is *ashington The )i$st $i.e$ is Mississippi $i.e$ The c%$$enc, is A!e$ican #olla$ Religion8 the$e isnt a p$incipal $eligion P$otestantis! is( pe$haps( the !ost p$actise# It is a nation o) g$o%ps( "he$e the !ino$ities t$, to get e-%al $ights an# oppo$t%nities The lang%age is English( &%t the$e a$e !ino$ities s%ch as Spanish o$ Asians( t$,ing to keep ali.e thei$ lang%age It is a .e$, $ich co%nt$,( "ith i!po$tant !etallic an# ene$g, so%$ces The ?SA o&tains the in#epen#ence )$o! G$eat '$itain in 5=; F$o! !o$e than hal) a cent%$, ago the ?SA is the 5 st "o$l# po"e$ Its histo$, is a long an# constant te$$ito$ial p$og$ess( "ith a g$eat political an# !ilita$, #e.elop!ent
D+ T>E 'RITIS> EMPIRE The 1icto$ian E$a 5=;+565 "as a pe$io# o) p$estige )o$ G$eat '$itain In the 57th cent%$, G$eat '$itain #e.elope# its co!!e$cial capacit,( &, con-%e$ing e.e$, st$ategic point along the !e$cantile $o%tes D%$ing the 5= th an# 5th cent%$ies( the, &eca!e a g$eat e!pi$e All these te$$ito$ies "e$e cont$olle# &, gene$ato$s "ho i!pose# thei$ lang%age( thei$ c%lt%$e an# la"s Most o) these te$$ito$ies "e$e colonies )o$ the e2ploitation( "hich o$iginate# the '$itish $ichness an# splen#o%$ The pop%lation "as )o$!e# &, e!ig$ant "ho "ante# to sta$t a ne" li)e The #i))e$ent te$$ito$ies got thei$ in#epen#ence( &%t so!e o) the! "e$e not p$epa$e# )o$ sel)+go.e$ning an# ha.e &eca!e ; $# "o$l# co%nt$ies $%le# &, #ictato$s
E+ T>E COMMON*EALT>
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It "as )o%n#e# in 5;5 to ca$$, o%t the #issol%tion o) the '$itish E!pi$e It is )o$!e# &, ;9 in#epen#ent nations( the, !aintain the English c$o"n as thei$ >ea# o) State The $eason )o$ this instit%tion is the econo!ic inte$est o) the co%nt$ies that &elong to it States !e!&e$s8 ?@( Cana#a( T$init, an# To&ago( @en,a( Nige$ia( Ja!&ia( A%st$alia( Ne" Jealan#( etc
F+ P>ILIPPINES The $ep%&lic o) Philippines is an in#epen#ent state since 5<7 Lang%age8 Tagalo English as a co!!e$cial lang%age Religion8 Catholic Capital8 Manila Spain lost the colon, in 5==( %n#e$ the #o!ain o) ?SA in 5;4( it "as constit%te# as a so.e$eign state %n#e$ the No$th A!e$ican s%pe$.ision
G+ T>E COMMON LA* An a!aBing )act a&o%t the English legal s,ste! The$e is not a penal o$ ci.il co#e The, ha.e the co!!on la" The sentences a$e &ase# on p$e.io%s t$ials The %$ies a$e )o$!e# &, citiBens co!ing )$o! #i))e$ent social classes( the, consi#e$ i) the acc%se# is g%ilt, o$ innocent In ?SA( the$e a$e )e#e$al %$is#ictions( e.e$, state has its o"n la"s( co%$ts an# police
3.- DIDACTIC APPLICATION OF THE MOST MANINGFUL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS.
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The teache$ o) a !o#e$n lang%age !%st teach not onl, the )o$eign lang%age &%t also the ci.iliBation o) the co%nt$ies an# people "ho speak that lang%age Apa$t )$o! histo$, an# geog$aph,( o%$ p%pils !%st get )a!ilia$ politics( !ass !e#ia( etc
3.1.- HOW CAN WE TEACH ENGLICH CIVILIZATION
The$e a$e ; #i))e$ent p$oce#%$es8 1. I!"#$%$#"&"'(# $#&)'!*.
Fi$st "e !%st kno" the le.el o) the g$o%p &e)o$e planning an, acti.it, The$e sho%l# &e a co$$espon#ence &et"een the le.el o) the te2t an# the le.el o) the g$o%p Di))e$ent t,pes o) te2ts The i!po$tant $es%lt is that the, get the signi)ication a&o%t the societ, o$ social aspects $e)lecte# in the te2t+ E2a!ple8 o%$ne, a$o%n# the "o$l# in =6 #a,s The t,pical gentle!an 2. P$&+"'+# $&/ #0%$#'!.
*e can o))e$ o%$ p%pils photog$aphs sho"ing #i))e$ent aspects o) '$itish li)e( the, !%st sa, "hate.e$ the, s%ggest to the! *e can %se a #$a!atiBation o) a #ialog%e( eg /An English &$eak)ast0 )oo#s( ti!eta&le( co%$tes, sentences( /a to%$ist .isit0 "e can %se postca$#s o$ photog$aphs *e can !ention Ch$ist!as( Thanksgi.ing Da,( A!e$ican In#epen#ence 3. D')&+"'+ # !*.
The, a$e a pe#agogic s%ppo$t )o$ the teaching o) ci.iliBation The songs !%st ha.e ce$tain cha$acte$istics8 -
co$$espon#ence "ith the le.el o) the p%pils
-
Inte$esting )o$ the p%pils
The, can lea$n so!e st$%ct%$es "ith the songs
