HEALTH TEACHING PLAN Terminal Performance Objective: At the end of 30 minutes of health teaching, the client will be able to acquire knowledge and correct attitude and behavior towards her condition (MALNUTRITION) Topic: MALNUTRITION Time allotment: 30 minutes ASSESSMENT
LEARNING NEEDS
Subjective:
³Parati akong napapagod sa gawain namin sa bahay at lagi akong wala sa mood. Paminsan hindi ako nakakain ng maayos. Hindi ko alam kung bakit ako nagiging ganito.´
Objective: BP- 90/60 Weight- 43 kg. Height- 5´2
Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to lack of knowledge and inadequate food intake
TEACHING OBJECTIVE At the end of 30 minutes of discussion, the client shall be able to: 1. Define malnutrition malnutriti on 2. Enumerate common signs and symptoms of malnutrition malnutrition 3. Identify the different causes of malnutrition 4. Enumerate the different complications of malnutrition 5. Acquire knowledge about the different prevention and treatment for malnutrition
CONTENT What is Malnutr ition? Malnutrition is the condition that results from taking an unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients are lacking, in excess (too high an intake), or in the wrong proportions. proportions.
TEACHING STRATEGY
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Some early signs and symptoms of malnutrition may include: Irritable (bad mood) and tired. Slower growth than normal, or no growth (in
Lecturediscussion/ Oneon-one discussion Visual aids Question and answer
EVALUATION The client: 1. Defined malnutrition 2. Enumerated common signs and symptoms of malnutrition 3. Identified the different causes of malnutrition 4. Enumerated the different complications of malnutrition 5. Acquire knowledge about the different prevention and treatment for malnutrition
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Later signs and symptoms of malnutrition may include: Bone or joint pain, and weak muscles. Bloated abdomen and swelling in other parts of the body Changes in the skin and hair. Brittle and spooned nails. Dry, scaly skin. Hair loss. Skin and hair change color. Loss of appetite (not hungry). Slow wound healing and easily get infections. Sunken temples (sides of the
Causes
Malnutrition may be caused by not eating the right amount or right kinds of food, or by having certain health conditions. Malnutrition may be caused by health conditions that keep your body from digesting (breaking down) or absorbing nutrients properly. It may be caused by health conditions that increase the amount of calories or nutrients that your body needs. Your body may also lose nutrients because of diarrhea, bleeding and other problems.
Possible Complications If untreated, malnutrition can lead to: mental disability physical disability illness possibly death
Medical Complications Bilateral pitting oedema Grade 3 (+++)
MarasmusKwashiorkor (W/H<70% with oedema or MUAC<11cm with oedema) MUAC Resources
Severe
vomiting/
intractable intractable vomiting
Hypothermia: axillary¶s temperature temperature < 35°C or rectal < 35.5°C
Fever > 39°C
Number of breaths per minute:
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60 resps/ min for under 2 months
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50 resps/ minute from 2 to 12 months >40 resps/minute from 1 to 5 years
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30 resps/minute for over 5 year-olds or
Extensive skin lesions/ infection
Very weak, lethargic, unconscious, fitting/convulsions
Severe
dehydration
based on history & clinical signs
Any condition that requires an infusion or NG tube feeding.
Very pale (severe anaemia)
Jaundice Bleeding tendencies
Diagnosis
Overall appearance, appearance, behavior, body-fat distribution, and organ function can alert a family physician, internist, or nutrition specialist to the presence of malnutrition. Patients may be asked to record what they eat during a specific period. X rays can determine bone density and reveal gastrointestinal
Blood and urine tests are used to measure the patient's levels of vitamins, minerals, and waste products. Nutritional status can also be determined by: y
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Comparing a patient's weight to standardized charts Calculating body mass index (BMI) according to a formula that divides height into weight Measuring skinfold thickness or the circumference of the upper arm.
evention Pr eve
Eat a healthy, balanced diet
As a lack of essential nutrients is one of the main causes of malnutrition, the best way to prevent the condition is to eat a healthy, balanced diet that contains foods from
food groups are: car bo bohydrates,fruit and vegetables,pr otein, dairy, and fats
As well as eating healthily, you should aim to drink at least 1.2 litres of fluid a day (between 6-8 glasses).
Follow the Food Pyramid Guide
Tr eatment
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You may need to increase the calories and nutrients in your diet by doing one or more of the following: Eat large meals and snacks between meals. Eat small meals often throughout the day if you have trouble eating large meals. Eat or drink a
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you have trouble eating the right kinds and amounts of food. You may need to take vitamin or mineral supplements if your body is low in vitamins and minerals. Your caregiver may treat you with medicines if you have a health problem that is causing your malnutrition. If you cannot buy or prepare the right kinds of foods, talk to your caregiver. Ask for information about community programs that can help you.
_________________ Client´s Signatur e over Pr inted name
