Name of Drug Generic Name: rifampicin
Classification Anti-infectives
Mechanism of action Inhibits DNAdependent polymerase, decreases replication.
Brand Name: Crisarfam
Indication Maintenance phase treatment of all forms of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB; prevention of meningococcal meningitis.
contraindication Jaundice associated with reduced bilirubin exretion; 1st trimester of pregnancy; premature and newborn infants. Drug-induced liver diseas, impaired liver function.
Side Effect
Nursing Responsibilities
GI disturbances, - Perform N/V, diarrhea and mycobacterial anorexia. SOB, studies and shock. GI susceptibility. bleeding, erosive gastritis, ulcerative Assess lung colitis, Liver and sounds and kidney character and dysfunction, amount of sputum gastritis. periodically. Monitor patient compliance with treatment regimen. Do not take any medication during therapy w/o consulting physician. Take rifampin on an empty stomach, 1 hour or after meals. This medication will discolor urine, stool, saliva, tears, sweat, and other body fluid a redbrown color. -
Source: PPD’s Nursing Drug Guide, 2007 Edition, page 166
Name of Drug Generic Name: isoniazid
Classification Anti-infectives
Mechanism of action Inhibits RNA synthesis, decreases tubercle bacilli replication.
Brand Name:
Indication
Contraindication
Side Effect
Nursing Responsibilities
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
Should not be giver\n to patients with drug induced liver diseas.
Various skin eruptions, fever, lymphadenopathy, and vasculitis, hypersensitivity, N/V, GI disturbances, liver dysfunction.
Assess laboratory examinations. Monitor liver/renal function. Instruct patient that compliance with dosage schedule for duration is necessary to gain benefits.
Norvit
Caution patient in alcohol while in therapy may increase risk of liver damage. Tell patient to report peripheral neuritis. Source: PPD’s Nursing Drug Guide, 2007 Edition, page 137.
Name of Drug Generic Name: pyrazinamide
Brand Name:
Classification Anti-infectives
Mechanism of action Mechanism unknown, highly specific and bactericidal for Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis.
Mycobak
Indication
Contraindication
Side Effect
Treatment of active tuberculosis in adults and selected children
Acute-liver disease, porphyria, peripheral neuritis, acute gout, hypersensitivity and pregnancy.
Dose-related hepatoxicity, N/V, anorexia, thrombocytopenia, increased serum iron concentration and adverse effects on blood clotting mechanisms.
Nursing Responsibilities Assess patients condition before therapy and regularly thereafter to monitor drug effectiveness. Monitor serum uric acid which may be elevated and cause gout symptoms. Regularly assess for hepatoxicity. Regularly assess renal status. Instruct patient to take drug continuously as prescribed. Remind patient to comply with follow-up schedule.
Source: PPD’s Nursing Drug Guide, 2007 Edition, page 164.
Name of Drug Generic Name: ethambutol
Brand Name:
Classification Anti-infectives
Mechanism of action
Indication
Contraindication
Side Effect
Tuberculostatic, it suppresses the growth of tubercle bacilli however the specific mechanism of action is unknown.
Ethambutol is used with other antituberculous drugs in the primary treatment of pulmobary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis to suppress emergence of resistance to the other drugs used in the regimens.
Patients with optic neuritis. Should generally not be used in children below 6 yrs of age.
Retrobulbar neurirtis with a reduction in visual acuity, constriction of visual field, central or peripheral scotoma, and green-red color blindness. One or both eyes may be affected. Retinal hemorrhage, skin rashes, pruritus, leucopenia, fever and joint pains.
Odetol
Nursing Responsibilities Perform visual acuity and color discrimination tests before and during therapy. Assess liver and renal status and function before and during therapy. Assess patient for visual disturbance that may indicate optic neuritis. Advise patient that compliance with dosage schedule and duration is necessary to eradicate disease. Remind patient to come for follow up consultations including opthalmic appointments.
Source: PPD’s Nursing Drug Guide, 2007 Edition, page 125.
