FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING BACHELOR OF SURVEYING SCIENCE & GEOMATICS AP220 ADVANCED ENGINEERING SURVEYING (SUG 413) GROUP AP220E
PREPARED BY
MATRIX NO
MASTURA BINTI HAMZAN
2009XXXXXX
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN AZMI
2009XXXXXX
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MD ALIP
2009272236
MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL
2009837016
NURUL WAHIBA BINTI MUSTAFA
2009267814
SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIQ
2009247258
SITI HASNIZA BINTI MUHAMMAD ARSHAD
2009277708
PREPARED FOR PROF MADYA ROSMADI BIN GHAZALI DATE: 12th MARCH 2010
SUG 413
PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................2
2.
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................2
3.
LOCATION...............................................................................................3
4.
EQUIPMENTS..........................................................................................3
5.
METHODS................................................................................................4
6.
RESULTS.................................................................................................6
a)
Control Points....................................................................................6
b)
Setting out from station 1...................................................................6
c)
Setting out from station 2...................................................................7
7.
ANALYSIS................................................................................................8
8.
INDIVIDUAL COMMENT AND CONCLUSIONS...............................9 - 17
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1.
2.
PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
OBJECTIVES a)
To understand the concept of setting-out survey
b)
To setup a simple setting out of point on the ground
INTRODUCTION
Setting out is the process of transferring the distance from the plan which was already prepared to the ground before the beginning of construction. The plan was designed and prepared to give a correct position of setting-out on the ground. Setting out also means the provision of marks, levels, profiles and other information which will enable other members of the construction team to carry out their works, so that the result is a true interpretation of the contract documents in the terms of position, size, shape and level. It involves marks and control for any form of new construction, including excavation, filling, tunneling, building, bridging and marine works. The surveyor must ensure that the structure is located in the correct position in accordance with the plan. The structure must be corrected in all the dimensions both relatively and absolutely. It must be of the correct size, positioned correctly and at the correct level. The important that we must to know is the skill in a successful execution of setting out job. The skill required is in angular and linear measurement, ability to solve ordinary or simple mathematic problems, ability to read and understanding drawings and ability to provide independent checking for the jobs.
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3.
PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
LOCATION At the Seroja College Hockey field
4.
EQUIPMENTS a)
1 total station and tripod
b)
1 pole
c)
1 mini prism
d)
A tape
e)
3 steel arrows
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5.
PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
METHODS
a)
3 control points have been identified from the previous Practical #2 (Deformation Survey) and get the coordinates (X, Y). And we were required to set out a 20m x 20m position of building. The orientation of the building must be in the hockey field.
b) At first, the total station was sited at control point 1, back bearing to control point 2 and forward bearing to control point 3. Bearing and distance between the control point 2 to control point 1 was calculated (1 – 2 180 00 00, 42.482 meter. Coordinate 1 = 1042.482 Northing, 1000.000 Easting) and checking has been made.
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
c)
Then from control point 1 set point A on the field using the mini prism with pole, later book and mark the point using the arrow. Coordinates has been calculated. (1 - A 89 02 20, 18.917 meter, Coordinate = 1042.786 Northing, 1018.104 Easting)
d) From point A using tape roughly identify point B which is 20 meters away. The point was mark with the arrow.
e)
Then from point A again, roughly set 20 meters perpendicularly from the point B because the angle was assumed as 90º. And mark the point with arrow.
f)
Steps c, d and e were to ensure that all points lie inside the field.
g) From step c, by using the coordinate of A, calculate the coordinate of point B and C. (Coordinate B = 1033.584 Northing, 1035.862 Easting. Coordinate C = 1025.028 Northing, 1008.903 Easting)
h) Then calculate the bearings and distances from control point 1 to point B and point C using coordinate from step g.
i)
And set out Point B and C to the new position according to the calculated bearings and distances from step h.
j)
For the purpose of checking, move the total station either to control point 2 or 3. But we chose the control point 3. Set the bearing to appropriate point.
k) Later point A, B and C were observed from the control point 3 and the bearings and distances were noted.
l)
Coordinates for each point were calculated.
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6.
PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
RESULTS
a)
Control Point 2 – 1 – 3 – 2
STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
2 1 3 2
00.00.00 144.15.22 276.2627
42.482 56.975 33.492 TOTAL
42.482 -46.243 3.757 -0.004
0.000 33.283 -33.281 0.002
COORDINATE NORTH EAST 1000.000 1000.000 1042.482 1000.000 996.239 1033.283 999.996 1000.002
Linear Misclosure: 1 : 29813
b) Computation 1 – A – B – 1 STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
1 A B 1
89.02.20 117.23.30 283.5605
18.107 20.000 36.949
0.304 -9.201 8.898
18.104 17.758 -35.862
c)
COORDINATE NORTH EAST 1042.482 1000.000 1042.786 1018.104 1033.584 1035.862 1042.483 1000.000
Computation 1 – A – C – 1
STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
1 A C 1
89.02.20 207.23.30 332.58.29
18.107 20.000 19.594
0.304 -17.758 17.454
18.104 -9.201 -8.903
COORDINATE NORTH EAST 1042.482 1000.000 1042.786 1018.104 1025.028 1008.903 1042.482 1000.000
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
d) Checking Point A, B and C. 3–A STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
3 A
341.56.59
48.949
46.540
-15.167
STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
3 B
03.58.06
37.424
37.334
2.590
STESEN
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
3 C
319.44.51
37.729
28.795
-24.379
COORDINATE NORTH EAST 996.239 1033.283 1042.779 1018.116
3–B COORDINATE NORTH EAST 996.239 1033.283 1033.573 1035.873
3–C
7.
COORDINATE NORTH EAST 996.239 1033.283 1025.034 1008.904
ANALYSIS
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
a)
Coordinate Differences
Comparison between values of coordinates setting out from control point 1 and 3:From To CP1 A CP3 A Differences (m)
N/S 1042.779 1042.783 -0.004
E/W 1018.116 1018.113 0.003
From To CP1 B CP3 B Differences (m)
N/S 1033.584 1033.573 +0.011
E/W 1035.862 1035.873 -0.011
From To CP1 C CP3 C Differences (m)
N/S 1025.028 1025.034 -0.006
E/W 1008.903 1008.904 -0.001
From the above comparison of the value of coordinates for the same setting out points, we can analyses that the coordinates that we obtained can be accepted as there are no apparent differences. The datum (control point) that we have selected is correct and suitable to use.
b)
Baseline B-C Differences
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
Computation of base line B-C via C, 2, B (from pre-computational) STESEN C 1 B B-C
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
152.58.29 103.56.05 252.24.50
19.594 36.949 28.282
17.454 -8.898 -8.545
-8.903 35.862 -26.960
Computation of base line B-C via C, 2, B (checking in the field) STESEN C 2 B B-C
BEARING
DISTANCE
LATIT
DIPAT
152.58.29 103.5605 252.23.31
19.594 36.949 28.284
17.454 -8.898 -8.556
-8.903 35.862 -26.959
Differences:
8.
B-C (Pre-Computational)
252 24 50
28.282
B-C (On The Field)
252 23 31
28.284
TOTAL
00 01 19
-0.002
COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION
SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIQ
2009247258
In this practical, we have finished and completed the setting out survey of the building. All points that we have set-out have been checked to avoid errors in the survey. Then we have to compute and analyze the observed data. From our survey, we have found
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
the differences in value between the set-out value and the checking value. Below are the differences or errors of the setting out: Point A ∆latit -0.004, ∆dipat 0.003, Point B ∆latit 0.011, ∆dipat -0.011, Point C ∆latit -0.006, ∆dipat 0.001 In this practical the allowed difference is 7 mm or 0,007 m. So all of the points has exceeded the allowable value. The errors might happen because: 1.
The Instrument.
The instrument that we used is Topcon total station which the carried error is about 7”. The instrument centering, bubble of both prism especially the mini prism pole may contribute errors for the setting out. 2.
Calibration.
The total station must be calibrated in every 6 months in accordance to the survey regulation standard. In this practical I don’t know whether the total station has been calibrated or not. 3.
The Pegging
I think, this is the major of the error comes. The peg that we used was an iron arrow, where it is not too strong to mark for the building setting out. Practically, each peg in the setting out work must use permanents object such as wooden peg with nails. This can reduce the error. In the end of the practical, I and my group have learned the procedure of the setting out survey. Each setting out that has been finished must be checked. This is very importance to detect any error or blunder error in the set-out. The shape, dimension, distance, and location must be as same as the pre-comp plan. In this practical, we have found the base line at point B-C has oriented to 1’19” and the distance about -2mm. I’m confidence to the set-out, the shape, dimension, and distance are in the right position. It is better if we replacing the arrow to suitable permanents object.
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
MASTURA BINTI HAMZAN
2009XXXXXX
Setting out survey is the provision of mark, levels, profile and other information to carry out work. This work includes pilling, tunneling, bridging and many more. Setting out also process of transferring the distance from the plan already prepared to the ground before starting the construction. In this practical, our groups have done the work at field and data processing to setting out the 20m x 20m building at Seroja hockey field. After analyze the result, we have found that the base line for this setting out is 28.282 m. This result found from mathematical calculation and the distance is same with measure by tape. After we made a checking, the result we are found is 28.284 m and it was an error 0.002m compare with setting out result. Although, this result is still acceptable because the limit for different base line value between setting out and checking is not more than 0.007m. From the analysis, we also founded the differences coordinate for each point between setting out and checking. This result occurs because: •
We only use arrow to make a pegging point and it is not suitable because to make a good result pegging point must permanent until the job was finish.
•
During this work, we use mini prism to get the bearing and distance for every pegging point. So, maybe from this the result that we have found not good enough and its can influence when we make the checking.
•
In this practical, we only use total station with 7 second accuracy. To have a good result, the instrument must be more accurate like with 1 or 3 second accuracy. Besides that, this instrument also maybe not has calibrated and it will influence the observation and maybe can make an error.
From this practical, I have learned about how to make and manage a setting out survey. Besides that, it also can improve our understanding about engineering survey.
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL
2009837016
Setting-out survey is a basic work for engineering survey. In this practical, we in a group have done the work on the field and data processing to the setting-out of the 20 meter by 20 meter position of building. As the result, we have found that the base line of B - C by observation in the field was different in 0.002 meter compared to the value from pre-computational calculation. This value is acceptable because the limit for the checking must be under 0.007 meter. A checking process from control point 3 also been made to the setting-out point (A, B, C). And we found the differences in coordinate value compared with the coordinate of the points that were observed from control point 1. But the differences of values are not too much and still acceptable. Some of these differences might be occur because of:
1.
Some of the distances that were not long enough to get the minimum of 30 meters. Although the control point’s network is good but the shorter distance can influences the result and gives error in observations.
2.
The use of mini prism with pole also can gives errors. This error can be reduced if the points of the setting out were observed through a prism that attached properly on a tripod and appropriately leveled.
3.
The use of steel arrow as a mark for setting out point is not so accurate. It is because the arrow itself not too stiff to mark on the ground instead we can use a wood peg for a better marking.
4.
The total station used also may influence the result because the instrument is in 7 second accuracy and we were not sure whether it was calibrated or not.
5.
The use of different total station in observation. The total station we used for this setting-out job is different from the last time control point networking. So different equipment gives different error.
And for the overall, as we have followed the given method and we did a checking upon the earlier observation, so we can conclude that ALHAMDULILLAH we had done a great job. Although it was just a simple setting-out job, but it really can gives an initial exposure for us about the working in the real engineering field. Thank You
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MD ALIP •
2009272236
Setting out survey is to determine and marking a point that will enable member of the construction team to carry out their work. It also a process of transferring the distance from the plan already prepared to the ground before starting the construction
•
After completing this practical work, I’ve found that setting out survey isn’t easy because we had some problem on determining the point of stations where by the proposed building should be in 20metre x 20metre.
•
We calculate at site so we can get the value to observe the next station. We compute the difference between the observation and the checking to get the error. Different limit error value from the observation and the checking must under 0.007.
•
From the field work, coordinate value from the observation and the checking our group get the error more 0.007 at point a and b.
•
Error may come from :i)
The distance control point less then 30m.
ii)
The capability of the equipment of TOPCON we are used is only have ability of 7 second in the error.
iii)
We was using mini prism to determine the point pegging, maybe from this we get the error.
iv)
During the practical, we only given use arrow to make a pegging point and it is not suitable because to make a good result pegging point must permanent until the job was finish.
v)
Calibration of instrument.
vi)
Network - A good network in triangulation for least square adjustment should have 60 ˚ of inner angular.
•
To make sure our setting out is perpendicular, different value the base line from the observe and the checking must under
0.007,so base line our group is
acceptable because our group only get the error 0.006.
•
So from the practical, I understand the concept of setting out technique and how to setup points for setting out.
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PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT
NURUL WAHIBA BINTI MUSTAFA
2009267814
First of all, thank you to Allah s.w.t for giving His opportunity for completing this task. Also thanks to my lecturer, Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali and all my friends for the guidance and taught. In this practical, we made a setting out survey in order to locate a proposed building. Below the different or error of the setting out: From the above comparison of the value of coordinates for the same setting out points, we can analyses that the coordinates that we obtained have apparent different but it still can be accepted. The control point that we have selected is correct and suitable to use. The different of coordinates was obtained Point A ∆lat -0.004, ∆dip 0.003, Point B ∆lat 0.011, ∆dip -0.011, Point C ∆lat -0.006, ∆dip 0.001. These happened because of the following below:
i.
In this practical we just put pole for a while as our mark so that the reading will be different because it is not permanent mark and it difficult to us to get the appropriate coordinates. It is differ from the other survey that use peg as mark which can give more appropriate reading because the peg are static.
ii.
In this survey we found 1:43000 in linear disclose .The different in latitude and departure may effect to setting out survey.
iii.
The instrument used also may influence the result because the instrument that we used in 7 second accuracy and we not sure when the last time it calibrated. In addition the total station that we used is different for work to establish control point and setting out work. So, some error may come from different total station. The EDM must calibration each 6 month followed the survey regulation standard.
This setting out survey is for building construction. In order to locate the building accurately, the base must be very precise. That’s why the accuracy also is very high. The measurement need to be done perfectly to make sure the building that will be built does not shift. For better results, the control points should be more that three.
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MOHD FIRDAUS BIN AZMI
2009XXXXXX
First of all, thank you to Allah s.w.t for giving His opportunity for completing this task. Also thanks to my lecturer, Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali and all my friends for the guidance and taught. In this practical, we made a setting out survey in order to locate a proposed building. The first step is to do the control station. The measurement showed that the coordinates of Stn.2 is not exact E 1000 m, N 1000 m and the error is 0.004 m. It may be caused by the instrumentation setting which not very accurate on the station. However the different still can be accepted. For all the setting out points, the differences in distance are not exceeding 10 mm. This is because; we made the checking after every observation to find the precise value. To find the exact 90 degrees or perpendicular line, we need to calculate first the station then observe it. So, the results showed that there is only 0.001 m difference. Luckily the area that we observed is flat which is at the Padang Hoki. This situation also helps us to get the better results. This setting out survey is for building construction. In order to locate the building accurately, the base must be very precise. That’s why the accuracy also is very high. The measurement need to be done perfectly to make sure the building that will be built does not shift. For better results, the control points should be more that three. For the overall views, I think that our group has done this practical successfully by referring to the results. This is because we do a lot of checking and repeat the observation if it does not fulfill the standard and requirement of the setting out surveys. Finally, I would like to thanks again to my lecturer and those who help and collaborated with our group in order to finish this task.
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SITI HASNIZA BINTI MUHAMMAD ARSHAD
2009277708
As the comment and conclusion in this practical, we found the coordinate of the square side that we made on the field of Seroja using two control points from three that we have. The reference coordinate that we use is the assumed coordinate from the practical 1. As we know, this practical need two control point to determine the coordinate of the square on the field that we made and their intersection. We observe the first point, second point and third point using the first control point. After that we move to another control point and do the same procedure. Choose any one of the three control point that we have as the reference station or as the datum. This involves a lot of calculation to define the coordinates. Then observation will carry out in order to have the exact coordinates. As stated in the result above, we must follow the rules of do the setting out. It include the structure is located in the correct position in ordinance with the plan. The structure also must be corrected the entire dimension both relatively and absolutely. Lastly, it must be of the correct size, positioned correctly and at the correct level. However, when we do the observation we must know the bearing and distance that we want to observe. It because, before we start the observations we must computes the correct bearing and distance completely. The length and width of the square side that we made are 20m x 20m. The edge must be parallel to each others. Lastly, I think we get the good result in this practical. It is because the different coordinate of points that we compute from the two control point can be accepted. We do the checking of line involves and it make the good result. We also not have any problem with the instrument because we level and set up precisely. We take one day to complete this practical. I want to thanks to Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali as my lecturer for his commitment and co-operation to conduct and give the information. To all my friends, thank you for their involvement either direct or indirect. I got a lot of information and understanding about engineering survey especially in setting out. Thank you.
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