CONTENTS
NO
TITLE
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
INTRODUCTION
3
OBJECTIVES
4
SITE PLAN
5
DIARY
6
WORKING PROCEDURE
7
COMMENT & SUGGESTION
8
SUMMARY
9
DETAIL, CROSS SECTION AND LONG SECTION PLAN DIAGRAM
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our appreciation to many of the people who have contributed to the completion of this practical report. We especially want to thanks En. Johar b. Ahmad.
Very special thanks to En. Johar for his continuous supervision and guidance during our practical work. Honestly, we are very thankful for his help, advice and motivation in all aspects. Thanks a lot for teaching us the theory, knowledge, techniques and a few skills on how the route survey is carried out. Firstly, to make this practical works, at first we had to team up with the other teams to do alignment so we also like to express our gratitude to the others team members.
We greatly appreciate all our group member for the cooperation, help and support during when the practical work is done until the final preparation of this report. To the seniors and fellow friends, thanks a lot for your information and contribution that have helped us so much in preparing this report. Thanks also to those who are directly or indirectly contributed something for this practical report. Thanks you all.
2
INTRODUCTION
Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required for design and construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals, or railroads.
Route surveying is needed for the purpose of selecting the best route between between 2 termini or end stations, and to find the most suitable combination of alignment, gradient and other details of the selected route.
Route surveying can be divided into the following operations. i.
Reconnaissance
ii.
Preliminary survey
iii.
Location survey
iv.
Construction Construction survey
The details of surveying methods used on a particular project depend upon the nature of the project, the topography and many other factors.
Reconnaissance Generally done by a very experienced engineer who is familiar with the terrain and who has been involved in the design and planning of various other similar projects. The main objective of reconnaissance is to collect information about the topography between 2 termini for the purpose of the selection of a narrow band along which the route can be located. It is a rapid and rough survey job. Steps in reconnaissance are: i.
collect and study information about the area
ii.
visit to the site to examine the area
iii.
determine approximate elevations and distances
iv.
preparing a preliminary report
3
eliminary Survey Pr elimina Based from the previous stage, a narrow strip corridor that contains the final location of the route is selected. The width will also depend upon the character of the terrain through which the route to pass
An accurate control traverse of the narrow strip is conducted. The longitudinal and cross sections are also determined along the traverse.
On preliminary survey, surveyors should have the following information: i.
locations of the benchmark near the route
ii.
location of the primary and secondary controls
iii.
access to the route
iv.
availability availabil ity of local labour
The preliminary survey can be divide into 3 parts: i.
Traversing Traversi ng or method of control survey (GPS)
ii.
Levelling
iii.
Topographic surveying
Number of drawings such detail plans, longitudinal and cross sectional drawings are prepared at convenient scales.
4
Location Survey Location survey can be divided into 2 stages: i.
ii.
Paper location done in office -
done by engineer
-
source of information information from preliminary survey and maps
-
aim to select a tentative alignment in the narrow strip surveyed
Field location done in field -
the process of transferring transferri ng the alignment marked on map on the ground (setting out)
-
done by surveyor
-
the alignments are indicated by a series of stakes on the ground
-
the alignment is located in field by the following followi ng methods such as, y
By intersection between the paper location of the alignment and traverse
y
By scaling the positions of various points on map and transferring on ground
Constr uction uction Survey This survey consists of setting out the details of the route on the ground such as checking the stakes location, checking the level, establishing TBM, complete all horizontal, transition andvertical curve, establishing offset stakes and others.
5
OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
To give us experience in a complete survey work. i.
Establishing Establish ing control points (x, y and z) .
ii.
Establishing Establish ing chainages using pegs.
iii.
To pick-up details
iv.
To carry out the cross and long section
v.
To capture,store and download data in/from total station.
vi.
To use CAD package for plotting.
vii.
To develop and evaluate group performance.
To make us prepare with adequate knowledge in computing through computer aided and design such as i.
Location plan
ii.
Detail plan
iii.
Longitudinal and cross section plans
iv.
Processing data
Location The road along the Padang Kawat to Complex Sukan UiTM
6
Equipments 1.
A Total Station and tripod
2.
2 pole with prism
3.
1 unit of 30 m fiber tape
4.
1 Automatic Level and Tripod
5.
The FIELD BOOK ± from previous work
6.
Downloading Cable
7.
Data Processing - CDS
SITE PLAN
Our site
7
DIARY
MONTH
MARCH
DATE
ACTIVITIES
Week 1 :
Br iefing iefing
Thusday
1. En Johar give a introduction about the practical 2. Explanation how to start the practical
MARCH
Week 2 :
Reconnaissance
Thusday
1. Visit our project project location. Find Bench Mark 2. Collect and study study information about the project location. 3. Selecting the best route in our project project location. 4. Determine the best location to locate TBM
MARCH
Week 3 :
T r aver sing sing and Ma rking chainage
Thursday
1. Purpose : to establish establish control station station cover the site 2. Start traversing from station station 1 to 2 with with assume assume bearing and close the traverse 3. Marking the chainage at 10m interval 4. We have produce 9 chainage along the route
APRIL
Week 1 :
Detailing, Cr oss oss section and Longitudinal Section
Thursday
1. Use Total Total Station to make observation. 3. Booking manual only only 4. for detail, total station set up at traverse station 5. for cross section, Starting at chainage (CH00) until chainage (CH90)
APRIL
Week 2 :
Detailing, Cr oss oss section and Longitudinal Section
Thursday
1. continue detail survey 2. Transfer level from TBM to station traverse
APRIL
Week 3 :
Pr ocessing ocessing and discussion
Thursday
1. Process all of data 2. Discuss about report in group
8
WORKING PROCEDURE
1.
Recce and Planning
We are selected a suitable traverse stations and also suitable place for chainages.Also expected to survey a portion of the road which is 100m long and 20m width (the corridor).We are selected the best line which is parallel to the road and the line is one of the traverse line.
2.
Establishing cont r ol ol points (x, y, and z)
We are assumed to have knowledge in carryout the traversing and leveling works. We are establish the traverse around the area and establish the level in the area. The TBM for the work is at the corner of embankment (TBM 69),the new TBM be using to transfer height to the chainages.
3.
Alignment
-
Setup the total station over the control point at the beginning of the road and we are labeled the station as CH000 (start of the line)
-
Observed to another control point which is parallel to the road.Bearing and distances from CH000are recorded.We are labeled the station as Ch060.
-
Clamp the horizontal screw of the total station and by used the tape roughly establish CH020 and CH040which is 10m from the CH000.
-
On the CH060 we are repeated the process until CH100 and the chainages are on the line with CH060.
4.
-
We are leveled all chainages from the nearby TBM
-
Coordinates ere calculated for all chainages.
-
Lastly all chainages are labeled properly.
Detailing,C r oss oss section and longitudinal su rve y
Set up total station at the first chainage. Set horizontal circle reading and target to second chainage. This will be the reference bearing to the reference object. Observe any details along the line of sight. Note the distance and elevation of the detail. The maximum required distance is 30 meter. Measure the instrument and target heights before moving to the next chainages. 9
5.
Detail survey
Detailing can be done using tachometry method. All important details within 30 meters must be observed. Some of the details which are permanent must be observed such as: y
Drainage system
y
Centre road
y
Electrical and water boxes
y
Electric posts
y
Lamp posts
y
Cutting
y
Culverts and manholes
6.
ocessing data Pr ocessing
Raw data will be key in into CDS software to obtained simple DTM. The output is then transferred to AutoCAD for data processing process
FIELD WORK
LEVELLING
The procedure as below: i.
One staff was putting on the BM and another one was on the other side of the observer.
ii.
The front and back sight staff was observe then the observation recorded.
iii.
The same method is use until we arrived at the area survey works.
iv.
We ended the level works at the culvert where the entire group can use it.
v.
The point is marked as TBM.
10
PROCESSING AND DAT A ANALYSIS
Reduced Level Calculation
BS
IS
FS
RISE
1.332
FALL
INITIAL RL
REDUCE LEVEL
REMARKS
36.310
36.310
TBM
2.237
0.905
37.215
37.215
CH10
2.880
0.643
37.858
37.858
CH20
3.313
0.433
38.291
38.291
CH30
3.793
0.480
38.771
38.771
CH40
4.120
0.327
39.098
39.098
CH50
4.325
0.205
39.303
39.303
CH60
4.590
0.265
39.568
39.568
CH70
4.747
0.157
39.725
39.725
CH80
4.987
0.240
39.965
39.965
CH90
Table 3: Rise and Fall Table
Ht
RLB
V
Where:
HI RLB Formula: RLB = RL A + HI
V - Ht
RLB = Reduced level B RLA = Reduced level A HI = Height Instrument Instru ment V = Vertical Height Ht = Height Target
11
CHAINAGE For chainage works, our team took approximate 10 m each interval. This chainage used to take the details. It is for longitudinal and cross sectional works.
LONGITUDIN AL SECTION In construction work, the sewers and roadways are usually constructed first of all. They must be set out, on the ground, in their correct locations. Additional plans, in the form of vertical sections, are required. In order to cost the development accurately, the volume of material required to construct the earth works (cutting or embankments) has to be calculated, generally by the quantity surveyor. The first step in calculating the earth works quantities and in preparing the setting out information is to make longitudinal sections and cross sections along the lines of the proposed works.
Fieldwork 1.
The centre lines of the road and sewers are set out, on the ground, by a series of stakes. The setting out of the centre lines is usually done, using a theodolite. It is sufficient for the moment to assume that the stakes have been set out in their correct positions.
2.
A leveling is made along the centre line with levels taken at all changes of gradient. A level is also taken at every tape length whether or not it signifies a change in gradient.
3.
Horizontal measurements are made between all the points at which levels were taken. The measurement are accumulated from the first point such that all points have a running chainage. Pegs are left at every tape length to enable cross sections to be taken later.
4.
Procedure Generally a surveyor and 3 asistants are required if the section is long. The surveyor takes the reading and does the booking, one assistant acts as staffman, 12
while the other two act as chainmen taking all measurements, lining-in ranging poles along the previously established centre line and leaving pegs at all tape lengths.
A fly leveling is conducted from some nearby bench mark to the peg denoting zero chainage. There after the leveling is in series form with intermediate sights taken as necessary.
The tape is held at peg zero chainage and stretched out along the line of the section. The chainmen and staffman work together and while the latter holds the staff as a backsight at peg zero, the chainmen marks the changes in gradient and calls out the chainages of these points to the observer.
The staffman follows up and holds the staff at all of the changes of gradient. When one tape length has been completed, a peg is left and the next length is observed.
The procedure is repeated until the complete section has been leveled. As in all surveying work a check must be provided. In sectioning this can be done by flying leveling from the last point of the section to the commencing bench mark, or to some other, closer, bench mark.
CROSS SECTION (a)
oss sections Plotting level cr oss It may not be necessary actually to observe the levels in the field. The ground across the centre line at any chainage point may be level or nearly so, in which case the centre line level is assumed to apply across the line of the section. The plotting is very similar to the plotting of longitudinal sections. One essential difference, however is that the cross section is plotted to a natural scale i.e. the horizontal and vertical scales are the same.
(b)
Sloping cr oss oss section
13
In cases where the ground across the centre line at any chainage point is obviously not flat, the following fieldwork is required to obtain levels for plotting the cross sections
Fieldwork Cross sections are taken at right angles to the longitudinal section at every point observed on the latter. Generally this rule is not strictly observed and cross sections are taken usually at every tape length. The following fieldwork is necessary.
1.
Right angles are set out, using a simple hand instrument instrument e.g. prism square or optical square. Where the ground is relatively flat, the right angle may be judged by eye. A ranging pole is inserted at either side of the centre line on the line of the cross section.
2.
A leveling just be made from the peg previously established on the centre line of the longitudinal section, to every point where the gradient changes on the line of the cross section. Where the ground is relatively flat, one instrument setting is usually sufficient. If the cross
gradient is steep, a short series leveling is required. Each cross section is independent of every other. The peg on the centre line at each tape length is a temporary bench mark for its particular cross section.
3.
Horizontal measurements must be made between all points at which level are taken to cover the total width of the proposed works.
4.
Procedure. The procedure is much the same as that for longitudinal sections. One surveyor and 3 assistants is the ideal number of personnel required. However, since the distances involved are short, the surveyor and one assistant frequently take the levels and measurements without further assistance.
14
Plotting
The plotting is very similar to the plotting of longitudinal sections. One essential difference, however is that the cross section is plotted to a natural scale, i.e. the horizontal and vertical scales are the same. The plotting is carried out in the following manner: 1.
The levels are reduced.
2.
The longitudinal section is plotted.
3.
A line representing some chosen height above datum is drawn for each cross section and the measurements is drawn for each cross section and the measurements to left and right of the centre line are scaled off accurately.
4.
Perpendiculars Perpendicul ars are erected at each point so scaled and the reduced levels of each point plotted.
5.
The points are joined to form a natural profile of the ground.
6.
The formation level of the proposed proposed works is obtained from the table accompanying the longitudinal section. This level is accurately plotted on the cross section and a horizontal line, representing the roadway, is drawn through the point.
7.
The finished width of the road, called the formation width, is marked on the line and the side slopes of the cutting are added.
DETAILING
Intr oduction oduction The approach to all surveys, whether it be to procedure procedure a topographic map or the plan for an engineering project is to establish in first instance a control framework as describe previously, and then to fix detail or engineering features by measurement with respect to the framework. The term of detail is a general one that implies features both above and below ground level and at ground level.
15
There are four basic ways detail can be fixed respect to a known line. There are offsetting, tie lines, radiation and intersection. The procedure chosen for job depend on the personnel, the availability of equipment and the accuracy required must also be considered. The accuracy required in detail surveying should always be considered before the survey is stars. This is governed by two factors, the scale of the finishing plan, and the accuracy with which is can be plotted.
Distinction is often made between µHard¶ and µsoft¶ detail. Building, roads, walls and other constructed features are called Hard Detail, whereas natural features including rivers and vegetation vegetation are known known as soft soft detail. Others Others definition includes includes overhead overhead detail detail (for example power and telephone line) and underground detail (for example, water pipe and sewer runs.)
Many type of symbol are use to representing detail. Symbol must suitable with the observed detail. Detail can be located from the control network by one of two methods, either by using offsets and ties or by using radiation methods. Offsets and ties can only locate detail in the plan position. If height information are required, spot levels must be obtain at a later date by leveling at points of detail that have already been located. Radiation method is usually enable both plan and height information to be obtained.
CODE
DETAIL
JO
Road
IL
Invert level
GL
Ground level
LP
Lamp post
BGN
Building
PK
Parking
SUM
Sum
CULV
Culvert
MH
Main hole
16
PGL
footpath
TGN
Stair
Offsets And Ties The offsets are taken at right angle to the lines running between control points. The variations on the offset method where ties from two (or more) points are used to located a corner of building. Since an offset is a line measured at right angles to a survey line to particular features, it is necessary to establish a right angle. Detail surveying using offsets and ties can only locate detail in the plan positions. Since all survey plans must include height information this has to be added at some stage in the survey by the taking spot height at points of detail that have already been located.
Radiation Radiation is very suitable for detail collection. The process consist of measuring a)
The angles at control station between the directions to another control stations and the points of detail.
b)
The respective distances from the control stations to the points of detail.
c)
The respective distance for the control stations by these point ( the vertical angle are used to reduce the distance to the horizontal and to calculate height difference).
Naturally the theodolite and tape can be used in combination to the position detail by radiation, but the detail needs to lie within one tape length.
Inter section section The intersection is also used, but great care has to be taken when recording the observations to ensure that the direction from one station is matched with the corresponding direction from the other. This is because two are usually observed at different times. The main use of this methods for the locations of well-defined detail that is inaccessible from the control station because neither staff nor target is required.
Fieldwork Using Radiation 1)
Instead of the leveling staff, a prism mounted on a detail pole is held at the point being fixed and is observed by instrument.
2)
Set up instrument at chosen station, the station must known coordinates. 17
3)
Before start the observation, record height of instrument and height of prism pole for calculation of detail data.
4)
Observations will start with reading of the horizontal circle, the vertical circle, slope distance and horizontal distance. Those data are booked in workbook.
5)
The height of centre of the prism above the bottom of the detail pole (hp) must be recorded.
6)
Since accuracy of combined theodolite theodolite / EDM instrument are total station is very height, typically
5mm for distance and
6´ (and better) for angles. The values
displayed on the instrument¶s screens can be booked directly onto the booking sheets. 7)
Its height accuracy capable enables EDM radiation to be used to pick up any type of detail, hard or soft.
Booking and calculating r adiation adiation by total station. For hand booking, some type of booking are necessary in order that the observation are record accurately, neatly and can be used by others not necessarily involve with fieldwork. Space should be provide on such a sheet to record the following for each point such as horizontal circle, vertical circle, slope distance, horizontal distance, vertical component, coordinate ( E, N) and reduced level (RL). The method of plotting to be used can also influence the type of information records. Although individual tent to develop their own method of booking as they gain experience. During the fieldwork, the height of the prism was set equal to the height of the instrument.
Cutting Tree
20 meter
Road TAKING DETAILS
Drain
Wall & cuttin 18
ocessing By CDS Softwar e Pr ocessing
Data Pr ocessing ocessing 1.
We were using the CDS software to process the raw data from the total station before we were transferring it into the autoCAD software.
2.
After downloading all data from the total station to the computer using T-comp program, data processing should be performed in CDS software first;
3.
Firstly, open CDS software
select File
click Open option
select
Next
4.
Rename the work and save it in one specific folder Click open.
19
5.
To import data from downloading downloading data; click entry-data collectors
select import raw data option
6. 7.
8.
Then, select set data collector format, Dysincai using Topcon-fc5, gts6 format. After that, browse the file data have been saved
After that, select format computer
Click ³Ok´ button.
click ³Ok´ button
20
9.
Click ³Yes´ button to view the data.
10.
Then, the data have been import such below;
11.
To view the data in plot form, click ³option´
select ³store data´ in the database.
21
12.
The data will be shown as below;
13.
Click ³contour´ select ³surface parameter´ to process the contour;
14.
Set the format for layer, modes and surface parameter;
22
15.
Click ³reset´ at the surface point selected parameter;
16.
Select all and after that select ³Ok´ button;
23
17.
Then, click ³contour´
select ³surface area´ for the area that will be creating the
contour
18.
Select ³display´ for all area
19.
Select ³Contour-form ³Contour-fo rm model´ to create triangulation network for each point;
click ³Ok´ button;
24
20.
For the contour processing, the triangulation will be calculate in the automatic way;
21.
Select ³contour´
³calculate´
³contour´ , to calculate the contour;
25
22.
The contour will be calculated and will be shown;
23.
Click ³point´
³edit´ to establish the point contour no need as building;
26
24.
³Window edit/query´ will be shown below. Then, click the point that will be edited.
25.
Select ³non contourable´ option.
26.
After finish, repeat this process to process the contour again;
27.
Click ³file-plot ³file -plot parameter ³ to exports plan or detail to the AutoCAD;
28.
In the ³Windows export control´, set the format like drawing name and location will be saved;
27
29.
Set the detail will be import
30.
Next, click ³file-position ³file-position plot parameter´ to set the area that will be export;
31.
Set the data area;
Click ³Ok´ button;
28
32.
After that, click ³file-export ³file-e xport dwg´ option
33.
All editing detail work will be done at the AutoCAD 2002 and 2006 software;
34.
Cross section and Long-section will be done using autolips program in the
AutoCad Editing;
AutoCAd software
ocessing By autoCAD Softwar e Pr ocessing 29
1.
In AutoCAD, to create the good and better details plan or cross-section plan, editing involves the important feature at the field such as:
2.
y
cutting
y
road
y
invert / drain
y
sump and culvert
y
structure / building
y
height value
What need to do in editing the plan is connecting connecting the line of details point, draw building properly, create cutting and erase or break line at any feature that are intersect and select some of important of height value
COMMENT AND SUGGESTION
SITI HASNIZ A BT MUHAMMAD ARSHAD 30
2009277708
Firstly, I want to express Alhamdulillah and thanks to Allah SWT because of His Merciful, this practical has been done and the report exactly submitted on the time. I am also would like to have this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to En Johar who have assisted us in this practical. Especially to all my group members, who have giving me the honest cooperation both in discussion and in accomplishing the objective of the practical and also whose contribution falls directly or indirectly in the preparation and completion of this practical.
Trough this route survey/strip survey/detailing survey/detailing fieldwork, I have learn more things in surveying field and could improving my skills and experience in conducting and performing the route survey job considered with establishing control point (x, y and z), creating alignment of the road, taking detail, conducting cross and long sectioning of the road, downloading data from the total station, process data by using CDS software and prepare the route survey plan by using auto CAD software.
I have an experience that even though pegging the chainages at every 10m interval for 3 chainage that from chainage CH030 until chainage CH60. However, the problem is the weather. The not constant weather makes us stop the job halfway. So, we are strike to finishing the job during the weekends. Besides that, there are many spatial detail was took compared the other group. That is because so many spatial detail there including culvert, building, main hole and many more.
Generally, the steps that are involved during the practical are firstly traversing, leveling, detailing, chainage, cross-section and long-section and processing the data until produce a plan. The leveling survey was established from the TBM
with the
reduced level of 100.000m to all the chainages. The heighting is important for detailing survey to show the height of every permanent topographic detail that was recorded in the total station.
NURUL WAHIBA BT MUST AFA 2009696814
31
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Assalamualaikum Assalamualaikum w.b.t. First of all I would to express my gratefulness to Allah for giving me and my group members an opportunity to finish up our survey work. Thank you also to my group members for their good cooperation and full commitment, if not we can¶t finish this task on time and in proper way. Also not to forget En.Johar for giving we full briefing about the survey work and helping us when we are having a trouble doing this task.
Route Surveying is conduct for the planning, design, and construction of any route of transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and movement of the messages.From this practical, we have learned how to manage and construct the route survey. The main point is to produce a detail plan and profile with cross and long section to help the route construction.
We are required to upgrading a road. Traversing has done to get the horizontal control (x, y) and parallel along existing route. We use angle checking to ensure our traverse is in straight line. We have learned how to pick up all details by cross-section and longsection while traversing. The detail is very important for engineer to get presice value of ground height and detail position for the developement planning. Typical detail have collected such as trees, existing roads, walls, cutting, drainage and invert level, lamp post (LP) and etc. Then, all the details will be recorded in Total Station which will be transfer to CDS software in computer. We also measure the drainage and sump shape with tape for engineer and authorities reference which it could be to avoid occur the flood.
All raw data will be processed in CDS software and the result will be display as a profile cross- section and long-section. In CDS software, we create the contour around the data surveying while TIN in CDS will be used to make contour more smoothed. Then we are process data and then export it to the AutoCad to produce our route survey plan. The entire task we have it done in proper way and well. Problems that occur during the practical we had take it as a lesson and a guideline as a learning process. MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ADZMI 2009802022
32
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamu'alaykum w.b.t
Alhamdulillah. Grateful thanks to Allah is the only who can give us ideas and zest especially to complete this route surveying practical. I wish to thank Prof. Madya Dr. Rosmadi Ghazali and En. Johar also En. Azman for providing me with the opportunity to work alongside him, and for all he has taught me in Advance Engineering Survey and for his openness to ideas and also for his patience and guidance in the way of my education and beyond. I also wish to thank my friends for so many things, but mainly for not only telling me, but for providing me with the means to ensure that anything is possible. In this practical, we made a ROUTE SURVEY. It describes about how to carry out route survey in engineering work and teach students to understand the concept of route survey technique
The site that given to us for this practical is the road nearby at Padang Kawad. From there we made some reconnaissance at that in order to see the view and condition of that place/site. After that as usual we made some pegs on the ground as a chainage before we do a measurement of that route survey. According to the survey route location first thing first, we must make a Reconnaissance Survey in order to carry out a major Desk Study or Preliminary Sources Study of the bands/corridors being evaluated within the region. A good Preliminary Source Survey will result in great savings in both time and resources, as it helps ensure the early recognition of difficult routes and allow for better planning in real job.
Moreover, We take a lot of details for every chainage that we built. Since take detail, we have learn how to pick details such as invert, cutting, ground level and other with using own coding to representative that details. Detail survey is very important since it will shows all the detail on ground in the plan. Alhamdulillah, we do this work until done. After the data was recorded in the Total Station, then transfered the data from Total Station to Tough Book using T-comp software and follow all the settings. The item settings from the Total Station and the software T-comp must be equal. If not, the data cannot be transfer. Then the data must be saved in .gt6 extension in that T-comp software. After that, we used CDS to upload all data that taken. From CDS we can get the coordinate, reduced level for every detail and also has the contour. Then we form a 33
contour and cross section drawing for every chainage. After finish the process in CDS, we transfer the drawing to AutoCAD for make a plan.
Thanks a lot to the lecturer for the guidance. I got an experience that even though pegging the chainages at every 10m interval, there is lot of problems in order to creating a straight alignment. That is because there are little corner in between chainage. The not constant rain makes us stop the job always. So, we are strike to finishing the job during the weekends.
As conclusion, good communication between the observer, data recorder, and the pole person is very important in order to minimize the human errors that can affected the precision of the survey job. Walkie talkie is the important instrument for us to communicate properly.
SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIK 20092472 58
As a conclusion, we finally reach the objective in finished up our task in planning widening the selected road with according the time that been given. According the fix schedule which is every week on Thursday at 10.30 to 12.30pm where was given the explanation about this task early of our studies. We collect data and study information about the area along and surrounding the road for the details.
After collects the details, we continue our jobs in process the data using CDS and AutoCAD software. Using CDS, we can save a lot of time in process data because its ability to speed up calculation and quick changes in any perform. Many different design can be compared and optimum solution be found using design, automate and other tools. It also avoid us error and inconsistently in plotting the data if plot by hand. From the data that we process, the result is topographic plan, number of drawings such as detail plans, longitudinal and cross-sectional drawing are prepared at convenient scales. MOHD FIRDAUS MD ALIP 2009272236
34
Base on the practical survey, I can conclude that Route Surveying is one of the major components in the Engineering Surveying. To do this job it involved a good planning and co-operation with all of member¶s in group. Generally, the steps that are involved during the practical are traversing, leveling, detailing, chainage, cross-section and long-section and processing the data using Civil Design and Survey programmer (CDS) to produce a plan. Route Surveying is conduct for the planning, design, and construction of any route of transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and movement of the messages.
We also face with a lot of problems at site and during the processing to produce a plan. We find that it is difficult to take detail on the cutting because the cutting was too slope for us to climb, but it does not makes us give up to finished the detail survey. Here, we have taken many types of details like road, drainage, tree, main hole and etc. Then, all the details will be be record in EDM instrument instrument which will be transfer to PC. After we have done all our field survey, we are transfer all data that we have key in total station to CDS software in computer. All data will be managed in the software and the result will be display as a profile cross section and long section. By using the software, we also can create the contour around the data surveying and TIN in CDS will be use to make contour more smoother. Then we are process data and then export it to the auto cad to produce our route survey plan. This also take time to finish because of there are lot data to process. After all the data been process we produce the plan such as drawing plan, longitudinal and cross sectional plan.
We have to work over time on other day than the practical day to finish the task early because we don¶t want to do it in Ramadan month. So all the difficulties we faced give us more experience on conducting route surveying job.
I realize that this practical also is really important to me as a future surveyor because route surveying, setting out survey, and the application of surveying CDS soft ware is important when we work as a surveyor.
MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL 2009837016
35
Alhamdulillah for the completion of the job. In this task we were required to conduct a detailing, route and strip survey and have been assigned to the Chainage 30.00 until Chainage 60.00.
We started the survey with an assumed coordinate N10000 E10000 at Chainage 40.00 and the method used to observe the detail is radial method.
It is because the area of details given was small with 20 meters corridor and 30 meters profiles. Plus the observation can clearly be made from the station and can cover all the chainages and do not need to move to another chainage.
The reduced level of each chainage was being determined and transferred from an assumed reduced level at Chainage 00 of 30.00 meter.
The details taken is being stored in the total station and once the job was finished it would be uploaded to the computer and being processed using the Civil Design Survey (CDS) software. After being processed, the data would be exported to AutoCAD to be edited and for preparing a plan. Then the Cross Section, Long Section and Details Plan can be produced.
I would like to conclude that the job was greatly done without so much trouble. And many thanks for my fellow friends in helping and AP Rosmadi Ghazali, Encik Johar, for the guidance.
MASTURA BT HAMZAN 2009285534
36
Assalamualaikum, firstly I want to say thanks to our lecturer, Dr. Rosmadi b. Ghazali and our guide practical, En Johar Johar that teach us how to make the practical work in class and at side. Thanks to our group members, Muhammad Firdaus, Siti Hasniza, Siti Ruwaidah Istiqoma¶, Mohd Ruzaini, Mohd Firdaus Alip and Nurul Wahiba that already help and finish in done this practical work too.
As we know, Route surveying is conduct for the planning, design and construction of any route of transportation. Transportation includes the transportation of person, materials, and movement of the messages.
From this practical, we have learned how to manage and construct the route survey. The main point is to produce a detail plan and profile with cross and long section to help the route construction. We are required to upgrading a road. The location for our practical is the road along the Complex Sports in UiTM. Traversing Traversin g has done done to get the horizontal control and parallel along existing route. Along traverse we are marked chainage every 10 meters intervals by using tape and last points at 90 meters. We are named the chainages as CH000, CH010, CH020 until CH090.
Meanwhile, leveling is to get height (z) from the existing TBM to transfer the height to our chainages and station point. In the leveling work, we get error and this error caused by collimation error which may be the distance among 2 staff and the level instrument was not in the same range. Besides that, the position of staff could be not entering in the bubble. The human error and heat refraction also give impact to our leveling result.
We have learned how to pick ±up all details by cross- section and long- section while traversing. The detail is very important for engineer to get precise value of ground height and detail position for the development planning. Typical details have collected such as trees, existing roads, walls, cutting, drainage, drainage, lamp post and so on. Then, all the details will be recorded in Total Station which will be transfer to CDS software in computer. In cross-section and long-section work, we found that the error of reading from chainage to chainage. May be the error was come from the equipment and human error.
37
Generally, the equipment has some error or parallax. Weather condition may effect our observation to get some error.
All raw data will be processed in CDS software and the result will be display as a profile cross- section and long-section.Then we are process data and then export it to the AutoCad to produce our route survey plan. Nevertheless, using CDS is easier to joint all details compared to AutoCAD because we just need to key-in all the data and then process but in AutoCAD we have to key-in the data one by one and joint the details which is much more complicated.
In conclusion, I am very satisfied with this route surveying. This is because I gain a lot of knowledge about procedure and method to finish the route survey. Besides, I learn to use variety method and software for engineering survey. Lastly, this practical gives many benefits for me that I can use in the future.
SUMMARY
38
The main objective of this practical is how to make route by using surveying method. We use long section and cross section method. The most important thing before we start the work is to make a reconnaissance. This is because reconnaissance is our first impression about the information surrounding the site that we want to make route surveying.
We make leveling to know know the elevation, elevation, which is starting starting from TBM (Temporary Bench Mark). This elevation will be use at every chainages which are CH30, CH40, CH50 and CH 60 to draw longitudinal and cross sectional plan. In leveling, we make a correction which is the value of correction is 5mm.
There are many types of software that can use to process the data such as CDS. However, we use CDS (Civil Designing Surveying) Surveying) software to process the data. We can make a conclusion here, which is CDS is quite good based on data collection, data contour, data draw and data adjust. It can automatically draw lines and insert symbols on points we collect.
Furthermore, in data contour, it can model surfaces from random points. In addition, it can create DWG file which is when we had finish process data in CDS, then we export the data into CAD software mainly we use AUTOCAD 2002. In AUTOCAD 2002, we can make plans to produce longitudinal and cross section plan. Besides that, CDS also can design 2D/3D by using CDS tools.
39
