Structure 2 2nd Class : 8 th of September 2013 Adrian Budianto
[email protected]
Universitas Terbuka
Masih ingat pelajaran minggu lalu?
Noun (Kata benda) contoh : book, money, money, tea, water, water, people Pronouns (Kata ganti) contoh : she, it, mine, ourselves, someone
Nouns – Nouns – countable countable (sister, potato, town, apple) & uncountable (hair, (hair, sugar, sugar, dust, sand)
Countable Nouns – Nouns – Singular Singular & Plurals (+s,+es, +oes,f->v+es)
Pronouns – Pronouns – Personal Personal Pronouns – Pronouns – Subject Subject ( I, we, she, he, they) Object (me, us, her, him, them) - Possesive pronouns (it is mine, mine, he has his) his) - Poss Posses esiv ive e adje adject ctiv ive e (my ( my book, your pen, his car) his car) - Reflexive Reflexive pronoun pronouns s ( themse themselves[ lves[jama jamak], k], himself[t himself[tunggal unggal]) ]) - Indefinite Indefinite pronouns pronouns (someone, (someone, nobody, nobody, anythin anything) g)
Masih ingat pelajaran minggu lalu? Whitney got a phone call from her friend, inviting i nviting her to come to an opera. She agreed to go and a few days later, she picked Whitney up. Unfortunately, Unfortunately, on their t heir way to the opera house, their car ran over a cat. Somebody, Somebody, a man, saw the accident and shouted loudly at them. They drove on without noticing. When the show was over, Whitney’s Whitney’s friend friend found that her necklace had been stolen. Both of them went to a police station to report the incident. A police officer typed the report. Meanwhile, another police officer saw somebody acting suspiciously near their car. He blew his whistle and ran after t he man. Because the process of making the report was taking a long time, Whitney decided to leave her friend and go home. She wanted to watch a football match on television. She walked down the street looking for a taxi, but after 15 minutes, she still could not find one, so she decided to walk home. Unfortunately,, as she was walking down a dark street, she fell into a deep hole Unfortunately full of water which she had not seen. She shouted for help but nobody heard her.
VERBS, ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS
Verbs
: kata kerja
Adjectives
: kata sifat
Adverbs
: kata keterangan keterangan
Unit 1: Bentuk dan Letak Kata Kerja
Verbs menyatakan suatu tindakan, perihal atau keadaan
Posisi Verb ada setelah subjek kecuali pada kalimat perintah
Ani membuka pintu
Ani opens the door. door.
Open the door, please!
Let’s do Activity 2 (p 2.5)
Tipe kata kerja
Linking Verb
Is, am, are, was, were, appear appear,, look, seem, become, taste, get, remain, smell
Auxiliary Verb
To be, have, do, modals
Main/Action Verbs
Regular and irregular verbs p 2.9
Unit 2: Transitive & Intransitive Verbs A
transitive verb verb must be an action action verb plus there must be an object to receive that action. (p 2.14)
Kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek dan telah membuat makna yang jelas disebut intransitive verbs (p. 2.16)
Rihanna breaks my heart
When I hear your name, my heart breaks
we must leave this man alone
We must leave now
The crowd moves across the field
Unit 3: Regular and Irregular Verbs
Berdasarkan keteraturan perubahan kata kerja berdasarkan bentuk tenses di masa sekarang, masa lampau ataupun masa yang akan datang
Saya makan nasi.
I eat rice.
Saya makan nasi kemarin.
I ate rice yesterday. yesterday.
Saya telah makan nasi.
I have eaten rice.
Saya mencuci sebuah baju.
I wash a cloth.
Saya mencuci sebuah baju kemarin.
I washed a cloth cl oth yesterday.
Saya telah mencuci sebuah baju.
I have washed a cloth.
ADJECTIVES (Kata Sifat)
Adjectives adalah adalah kata yang menerangkan menerangkan kata benda. benda. • Adjectives Adjectives give information information about nouns and noun phrases
and answer the question ‘What kind?’ (Raimes, (Raimes, 1992, p.99) • Adjective is a modifier modifier that has the grammatical grammatical property of
comparison (Franks, 1972, p.109)
Tipe kata sifat : Determiners
• Demonstrative Adjectives • Possessive Adjectives • Numeral Adjectives
Descriptive Adjectives
• • • • • •
Quality or Characteristics Age Color Size Shape Origin
Letak kata sifat : sebelum Noun Head, setelah linking
Derivational Adjectives (p 3.17 – 3.17 – 3.18) 3.18)
+ able
:VERBS ADJECTIVES
+ ful
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+ ish
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+ous
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+al
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+ic
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+less
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
+y
:NOUN ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS (Kata Keterangan) Keterangan )
Adverbs menerangkan menerangkan berbagai jenis kata kata • Adverbs give information information about about verbs and verbs phrases or
about adjectives and answer the question ‘How?’ (Raimes, 1993, p.99) • An adverb is a word that modifies modifies a verb, an adjective, adjective, or
another adverb (Beech et,al, 1984, p.132)
Tipe Adverb Adverbs of Manner
Menjelaskan cara kerja ( a way of doing )
Adverbs of Place and Direction
‘Where’
Adverbs of Time and Frequency
‘Time’
Adverbs of degree
Penekanan pada adjective atau adverbs Very, Very, somewhat, somewhat , exceedingly, pretty, too, rather, rat her, fairly, terrible, quite, extremely, so (Franks, 1972, p.142)
