ejercicios para ayudarte a mejorar en programacion (ojo una profesora me los dio son muy buenos)Descripción completa
Deskripsi lengkap
Descripción completa
paper
Struktur adalah pengelompokan variabel-variabel yang bernaung dalam satu nama yang sama. Berbeda dengan array yang berisi kumpulan variabel -variabel yang bertipe sama dalam satu nama, maka …Deskripsi lengkap
Mfg. & Structural Analysis of a light weight fixed wing Unmanned Ariel Vehicle
BS6089Assess Existing Con Struct CORE TEST
Struktur adalah pengelompokan variabel-variabel yang bernaung dalam satu nama yang sama. Berbeda dengan array yang berisi kumpulan variabel -variabel yang bertipe sama dalam satu nama, maka suatu s...
The purpose of this calculation is to document the criteria forming the basis of structural design for the fabric sun shade as shown in Fig.1. Document within this report is: • The engineering standards adopted in the design • The loads adopted in the design • Structural Design Calculation in Appendix The document provides a summary of the design criteria for the structures to ensure that the outcome of the design process is fit for the intended purpose. The documentation is based on the latest information available for the design of the structure. The status of each of the criteria is identified in the document.
Fig.1 Perspective view of Shade
2 DESIGN CRITERIA
The objective of the design is to provide a robust, safe and economic structure, which will perform satisfactorily to intended purpose during its design life. Limit state design philosophy based on the probability concept is adopted. The structure is generally designed for the ultimate limit state against collapse under ultimate loads and checked for the serviceability limit state against deflection under service loads. All structural members are interconnected and tied by full anchorage of retaining wall to ensuring vertical and horizontal stability of the structure.
2.1 DESIGN CODES CODES & REFERENCES
The following Code of Practice and Standards Standards are appropriate for the proposed building. •
BS 6399 Part – 1 : Design Loading for Buildings: Code of practice for Dead and Imposed load.
•
CP 3: Part – 2, wind load : Basic data for design of buildings.
•
ASCE-7-10- Minimum design loads for building and other structures.
•
QCS Standard (2007) : Qatar Construction Specification.
•
BS 8110 ; Structural Use of Concrete.
•
BS 8004 ; Code of Practice of Foundation.
•
SABS 0162 – 1993 for bolts and welds.
•
BS 5950-2000 Guide to steel work design.
2.2 MATERIALS
Materials in general are considered to be in accordance with British Standard Code of Practices. Concrete grade for all reinforced concrete structure shall be in comply with the BS 8110. All Structural St ructural Steelwork shall be Grade S275 to BS EN10025 or equivalent. 2.3 DESIGN LOADING
2.3.1 DEAD LOADS For dead load the PVC fabric membrane and Steel elements self weight has been calculated. Density of PVC fabric = 720 gsm (0.72kg/m2) (0.72kg/m2) Density of Structural steel = 7850 kg/m3 Uniform Fabric Fabric weight on top of of shade= shade= 7.2 N/m2 or 0.0072 kN/m2 Load on middle chord : 6 x0.0072kN/m2 = 0.04kN/m Load on edge chord: 3 x0.0072kN/m2 = 0.02kN/m
2.3.2 WIND LOADS The structure in Doha, Qatar (As per QCS) is to be designed to withstand wind forces in accordance with CP3: Chapter V: Part 2 of BSI, with 50 years using the following parameters: • Basic wind speed of V =162 Km/hr = 45 m/sec. The basic speed represents a 3 second gust speed at 10 m above ground level in an open terrain situation with a possibility to be exceeded once in 50 years. So So basic Wind speed V = 45 m/sec The wind loads usually control over other types of loading in the fabric structures.
Pressure Load:
Load on middle chord: 6mx0.11kN/m2 x0.9 = 0.59 kN/m Load on edge chord: 3mx0.11kN/m2 x0.9 = 0.29 kN/m Suction Load:
Load on middle chord: 6mx0.35kN/m2 x0.9 = 1.9 kN/m Load on edge chord: 3mx0.35kN/m2 x0.9 = 1 kN/m Note that the area of top surface considered 90% of total area due to edge curvature. 2.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS
The basic load combination according to BS 8110 is considered to design the members according to Ultimate Limit State (ULS). Details of load combination are presented on STAAD Pro input file. (As per German practice combines DIN 4134, dead and wind load shall be considered in the calculation for shade roofs)
3 COMPUTER PROGRAM USED
The following software will be used in analysis and design of structural elements. STAAD Pro 2007 3D Finite Element Analysis and Design. PROKON & TEDDS - Calculation Pads for Engineers.
APPENDIX A Wind Load Calculation
Wind Analysis for Shade Open Structure Based on ASCE 7-05 INPUT DATA Exposure category Importance factor, Basic wind speed (3 sec. gust wind) Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2) Height of ridge Average Roof length
I V Kzt
= = = =
C 0.66 45 1
H L
= =
3 12
USE MRI FACTOR 5YEARS PAGE 318 TABLE C6-7 m/s m m
ANALYSIS Velocity pressure 2 qh = 0.613 Kz Kzt Kd V I = 396.94 N/m2 where: qh = velocity pressure at mean roof height, h. (Eq. 6-15, page 27) Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height, h,
3m
=
0.57
(Tab. 6-3, Case 1,pg 79) Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 80)
=
0.85
h = height of mean roof
=
3.00
m
Main Wind-Force Resisting System (Sec. 6.5.13.2) p = qh G CN F = p Af where: G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 6.5.8, page 26). θ = roof angle
= =
0.85
����
degree
Main Wind Force Resisting System p = qh G CN where: CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-18B, page 67)
CN p (N/m2)
CLEAR LOAD CASE A 0.32 107.97
ABSTRUCTION LOAD CASE B -1.04 -350.89
Maximum Pressure =
0.11
kN/m2
Maximum Suction =
-0.35
kN/m2
Page 7 of 40
APPENDIX B STAAD Analysis & Design
Job No
Sheet No
Rev
1 Part
Software licensed to c Job Title
Ref By
Client
File
Date21-May-12
TRAGS-CARSHADE1.st
Chd
Date/Time
17-Jun-2012 16:52
Y X Z
Load 2
Whole Structure
Job Information
Engineer
Checked
Approved
Name: Date:
21-May-12
Structure Type
SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes Number of Elements
97
Highest Node
103
124
Highest Beam
130
Number of Basic Load Cases
3
Number of Combination Load Cases
7
Included in this printout are data for: The Whole Structure All
Print Time/Date: 17/06/2012 17:06
STAAD.Pro for Windows Release 2007
Print Run 1 of 20
Page 9 of 40
Job No
Sheet No
Rev
2 Part
Software licensed to c Job Title
Ref By
Client
File
Date21-May-12
TRAGS-CARSHADE1.st
Chd
Date/Time
17-Jun-2012 16:52
Job Information Cont... Included in this printout are results for l oad cases: Type L/C Primary
1
DL
Primary
2
WL-UP
Name
Primary
3
Combination
100
1.4DL
WL-DOWN
Combination
101
1.4DL+1.4WLUP
Combination
102
1.4DL+1.4WLDN
Combination
103
1DL+1.4WLUP
Combination
104
1DL+1.4WLDN
Combination
200
DL+WLUP
Combination
201
DL+WLDN
Section Properties Prop
Section
Area
Iyy
Izz
J
(cm2)
(cm4)
(cm4)
(cm4)
Material
1
PIP482.5
3.600
9.460
9.460
18.920
STEEL
2
PIP763.0
6.890
46.100
46.100
92.192
STEEL
3
PIPE
22.777
599.308
599.308
1.2E 3
STEEL
4
PIP883.0
8.100
74.800
74.800
149.527
STEEL
Materials Mat
Name
E
ν ν
(kN/mm 2) 1
STEEL
2 3
Density
α
(kg/m3)
(1/°K)
205.000
0.300
7.83E 3
12E -6
ALUMINUM
68.948
0.330
2.71E 3
23E -6
CONCRETE
21.718
0.170
2.4E 3
10E -6
Supports Node
X
Y
Z
rX -
rY -
rZ -
(kN/mm)
(kN/mm)
(kN/mm)
2
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
59
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
87
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Print Time/Date: 17/06/2012 17:06
(kN m/deg) (kN m/deg) (kN m/deg)
STAAD.Pro for Windows Release 2007
Print Run 2 of 20
Page 10 of 40
Job No
Sheet No
Rev
3 Part
Software licensed to c Job Title
Ref By
Client
File
Date21-May-12
TRAGS-CARSHADE1.st
Chd
Date/Time
17-Jun-2012 16:52
Releases Beam ends not shown in this table are fixed in all directions. Beam Node x y z rx
