Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
INDORE ST STADIUM ADIUM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Submitted by: Shyamkumar.p.v
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
SYNOPSIS
The stadium management system is designed to help the employees working in a stadium to manage better. better. A stadium Management system is a soluti sol ution on that that helps helps to stream streamlin line e the admini administr strati ative ve work work in an Indore Indore stadium. It keeps a record record of clients clients and activitie activities. s. All the records records can be maintained through this solution and make the works almost paperless. The system will enable the admin to get any information regarding his office work and clients on finger tips. The project will help the stadium admins office to keep track of the operations. This solution is a network enabled one that can work in a corporate atmosphere. This enables all the employees of the stadium to work simultaneously. simultaneously. The project will be developed in C#.et and M! !" !erver
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
An Overview Account Auditing in India is known as an e$amination of financial statements i.e. balance sheet and profit % loss a&c' books of account and related vouchers so as to help the auditor to form an option as to whether the financial statements show true and fair view of the business affairs or not' and if not' then in what respect it is not showing the true picture of the business activities. Auditing is done by the auditor to find out whether the financial statements are prepared by business concerns to know the result of the business activity undertaken by them throughout the year. The financial statements would show true and fair view regarding the business activities when all the following features are present( ). All the tran transa sact ctio ions ns in the the co cour urse se of busin busines ess s are are reco record rded ed in the the books of account and accurately. accurately. *. Transac ansacti tion ons s are are reco record rded ed ac acco cord rdin ing g of the the ac acce cept pted ed ac acco coun unti ting ng principles. +. The financia financiall stateme statements nts are drawn drawn in conformi conformity ty with the books of account. ,. -ina -inanc ncia iall stat state ement ments s are are pre prepare pared d as per per acce ccepte pted rule rules s and and regulation of the companies act' )/0 and other legal provisions. /. 1hen 1hen ther there e are are no erro errors rs and and frau frauds ds pres presen ents ts in the the book books s of accounts.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
The financial statements will be said to present the true and fair view' when when both both the the as aspe pect cts s of reco record rdin ing g and and pres presen enta tati tion on of the the busi busine ness ss transactions are satisfied. 1hen auditor is not satisfied fully due to any particular discrepancy' he will have to ascertain the depth of mistake in the books of account. If the mistake is major and it affects the total view of the financial statements' then auditor will issue a negative report. If discrepancy is not major but affects only a particular aspect of the business' then the auditor will issue a 2ualified report. An auditing firm would be an independent party' not associated with the comp co mpan any y' so that that they they ca can n give give an obje object ctiv ive e opini opinion on on whet whethe herr the the e$ternal financial report is a fair representation of where the money comes and goes in a company. The public wants to know this because some lend funds to company so that the co can e$pand the business' but they lend it only because they can get a return either through selling their stock shares or getting dividends. !o if the company doesn3t do well' they want to see that in the financial reports. 4therwise' they3ll lose a lot of money.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
System Specification
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
5rocessor
(
5entium I6 or above
!peed
(
Above /77 M89
:AM capacity
(
/)* M; Min & *<; :ecommended
8ard disk drive
(
*7 <; Min& ,7<; :ecommended
=ey ;oard
(
!amsung )7> keys
Mouse
(
ogitech 4ptical Mouse
Monitor
(
)?@ !amsung
4perating !ystem
(
1indows 5 with !5* or higher
Batabase
(
M! !" !erver *77/
anguage
(
C#.et
IB
(
M! 6isual !tudio.et *77>
.et -rame work
(
6ersion+./
:eports
(
Microsoft :eporting Control
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Software Featres Intro!ction to t"e #NET framewor$ #NET #NET is MicrosoftDs development model in which software becomes platfor platform m and device deviceEin Eindep depend endent ent'' and data data become becomes s avail availabl able e over over the internet. The .T -ramework is the infrastructure of .T.
#NET #NET is built from the ground up on open architecture. .T is a platform that can be used for building and running the ne$t generation of Microsoft Microsoft 1indowsF and 1eb 1eb applications applications.. The goal of the Microsoft Microsoft .T platform is to simplify 1eb development. The .T platform consists of the following core technologies( •
The .T -ramework
•
The .T nterprise !ervers
•
;uilding block services
•
6isual !tudio .T
The The .T .T plat platfo form rm span spans s clie client nts' s' se serv rve ers' rs' and and se serv rvic ices es'' and and it consists of( •
A prog progra ramm mmin ing g mode modell that that enabl enables es deve develo lope pers rs to buil build d $te $tensi nsibl ble e Markup anguage GMH 1eb services and applications. appli cations.
•
A set of building block services that are a user centric set of M 1eb services that move control of user data from applications to users. -or e$ample' Microsoft passport is a core component of the .T initiative that makes it easier integrates various applications.
•
A set of .T nterprise !ervers' including 1indows *777' Microsoft !" !erver' !erver' Microsoft ;i9TalkF ;i9TalkF !erver' that integrate' run' operate' and manage M 1eb services and applications.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) •
Client Client software software'' such such as 1indow 1indows s 5 and 1indow 1indows s C' which helps helps developers deliver a comprehensive user e$perience across a family of devices.
•
Tools' such as 6isual !tudio .T' which can be used to develop M 1eb services and 1indows and 1eb applications for an enriched user e$perience.
The .T -ramework provides the foundation upon which applications and M 1eb services are built and e$ecuted. The nified nature of the .T -ramework means that all applications' 1eb applications' or M 1eb services' are developed by using a common set of tools and code' and are easily integrated with one another. another.
The .T -ramework consists of(
•
The common language runtime Gknown hereafter as runtimeH.
•
Class libraries.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
W"at Pro%&ems Does #Net So&ve
The .T -ramework -ramework was developed developed to overcome overcome several limitations limitations and developers have had to deal with when developing 1eb applications and it makes strong use of the Internet as a means for developing these limitations. ven ven with with the the adve advent nt of a glob global al'' ea easi sily ly ac acce cess ssib ible le netw networ ork k for for sharing information Gthe InternetH' few applications work on more than one type type of clie client nt or have have the the abil abilit ity y to se seam amle less ssly ly inte intera ract ct with with othe otherr applications. This limitation leads to two major problems that developers must confront( •
Bevelopers typically have to limit their scope.
•
Bevelopers spend the majority of their time rewriting applications to work on each type of platform platform and client' client' rather rather than spending their time designing new applications.
The .T -ramework solves the preceding two problems by providing the runtime' which is language and platformEindependent' and by making use of the industryEstandard M. anguage independence in .T allows developers to build an application in any .TEbased language and know that the 1eb application will work on any client that supports supports
.T. .T.
The runtime also controls much of the application infrastructure so that developers can concentrate on the applicationEspecific logic.
M 1eb services use to send data' thereby ensuring that any M capable client can receive that data. !ince M is an open standard' most modern clients' such as computer operating systems' cellular telephones'
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
person personal al digita digitall ass assist istant ants s G5BAsH' G5BAsH' and game game consol consoles' es' can acc accept ept M data.
T"e #NET Framewor$ Components
The .T -ramework provides the necessary compileEtime and runE time foundation to build and run .T based applications. ap plications.
T"e #Net Framewor$ The .T -ramework consists of different components that help to build and run .TEbased .TEbased applications(
P&atform S%strate The .T -ramework must run on an operating system. Currently'
the .T -ramework is built to run on the Microsoft 1in+*F operating systems' such as 1indows *777' 1indows 5' and 1indows >. In the future' the .T framework will be e$tended to run on other platforms' such as 1indows C.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
App&ication Services 1hen 1hen runn runnin ing g on 1ind 1indow ows s *777 *777'' appl applic icat atio ion n se serv rvic ices es'' such such as
Compon Component ent !ervice !ervices' s' Messag Message e "ueuin "ueuing' g' Intern Internet et Inform Informati ation on !ervice !ervices s GII!H' and 1indows Management Instrumentation G1MIH' are available to the developer. The .T framework e$poses application services through classes in the .T framework class library.
#NET framewor$ C&ass 'i%rary The .T framework class library e$poses features of the runtime
and simplifies the development of .T Jbased applications. In addition' developers can e$tend classes by creating their own libraries of classes.
The .T framework class library implements the .T framework. All applications G1eb' 1indows' and M 1eb !ervicesH access the same .T framework class libraries' which are held in namespaces. All .T Jbased languages also access same libraries.
Common 'an(a(e Rntime The common language runtime simplifies application development'
provides a robust and secure e$ecution environment.
The The co comm mmon on lang langua uage ge runt runtime ime envi enviro ronm nmen entt is also also refe referr rred ed to as a mana manage ged d envi enviro ronm nmen ent' t' in which which co comm mmon on se serv rvice ices' s' such such as garb garbag age e collection and security s ecurity'' are automatically provided.
)icrosoft ADO#NET AB4.T is the ne$t generation of Microsoft ActiveF Bata 4bjects
GAB4 GAB4HH
tech techno nollogy ogy.
AB4 AB4.T T
prov provid ide es
impr impro oved
supp suppo ort
for for
the the
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
disconnected programming model. AB4.T also provides e$tensive M support.
ASP#NET A!5.T is a programming framework that is built on the common
language runtime.A!5.T 1eb -orms prove an easy and powerful way to build dynamic 1eb user interfaces GIsH.
*)' We% Services M 1eb services are programmable 1eb components that can be
shar shared ed amon among g appl applica icati tion ons s on the the Inte Intern rnet et or the the Intr Intran anet et.. The The .T .T -ramework provides tools and classes for building' testing' and distributing M 1eb services.
+ser Interfaces The .T -ramework supports three types of Is( •
1eb -orms' which work through A!5.T and the 8yperte$t Transfer 5rotocol G8TT5H.
•
1indows -orms' which run on 1in+* client computers
•
The command Console
•
anguages Any anguage that conforms conforms to the Common anguage !pecification !pecification
GC!H can run with the common language runtime. In the .T -ramework' Microsoft Microsoft provides support for )icrosoft )icrosoft ,isa& -asic. #NET/ )icrosoft )icrosoft ,isa& C00. #NET/ C1/ an! )icrosoft 2 Script. #NET . Third 5arties can provide additional languages.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Featres Of #Net ow ow that that on one e know knows s so some me basi basics cs of .T .T'' se see e what what make makes s .T .T a wonderful platform for developing modern applications.
•
:ich -unctionality out of the bo$
•
asy development of web applications
•
445s !upport
•
MultiEanguage !upport
•
MultiEBevice !upport
•
Automatic memory management
•
Compatibility with C4M and C4MK
•
o more B 8ell
•
!trong M support
•
ase of deployment and configuration
•
!ecurity
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
ASP#NET A!5..T is a serverEsid A!5 serverEside e technology technology for developing developing 1eb 1eb application applications s based on the Microsoft .T -ramework. A!5.T is serverEsideL that is' it runs on the 1eb server. !erverEside technologies' like A!5.T' are not interpreted by the clientL instead it can be interpreted by the 1eb server. WOR3IN4 OF ASP#NET •
The server receives a re2uest for a desired A!5 page.
•
The server locates the page in the disk !ubmitting Bata in the Augmented :( Get Method
•
The server gives the page to the A!5.T ngine.
•
The A!5.T ngine compiles the page and generates the page class. If the class had already been loaded' it simply provides a thread thread to the runnin running g class class instea instead d of regene regenerat rating ing the class. class. Buring compilation' it may re2uire other code classes' such as codeEbehind classes and component classes. These are assembled during this step.
•
The A!5.T A!5.T instantiates the class performs necessary processing' and it generates the Response object.
•
The 1eb server then sends the Response object to the client.
AD,ANTA4ES OF ASP#NET A!5. et has many advantages E both for the programmers and for the end users. •
Powerf& !ata%ase5!riven fnctiona&ity
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
A!5..et A!5 et allo allows ws prog progra ramm mmer ers s to deve develo lop p web web appl applic icat atio ions ns that that interf interface ace with a databa database. se. The advantag advantage e of A!5 A!5..et is that that it is obje object ctEo Eori rien ente ted d and and has has many many prog progra ramm mmin ing g tool tools s that that allo allow w for for faster development and more functionality. •
Faster we% app&ications Two aspects of A!5.et make it fast EE compiled code and caching. In the past' past' the code was interp interpret reted ed into into machi machine ne langua language ge when when your website visitor viewed your page. ow' with A!5. et the code is compiled compiled into machine language language before before your visitor ever comes to your site.
•
)emory &ea$ an! cras" protection A!5. et automatically recovers from memory leaks and errors to make sure that your website is always available to your visitors.
•
)&tip&e 'an(a(e spport 5rog 5rogra ramm mmer ers s ca can n ac actu tual ally ly writ write e thei theirr co code de in more more than than */ .et .et langu languag ages es Ginc Ginclu ludin ding g 6; 6;. .et et'' C#' C#' and and N!cri N!cript pt.e .etH tH.. This This allo allows ws programmers to develop your site in the language they know best and it means that you can more easily find programmers to support the work on your site.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
INTERNET INFOR)ATION SER,ER Intern Internet et Inform Informati ation on !erver !erver G IISH IISH is a powe powerf rful ul 1eb se serv rver er that that prov provide ides s a high highly ly reli reliabl able' e' mana manage geab able le'' and and sca scala labl ble e 1eb 1eb appl applic icat atio ion n infrastructure for all versions of 1indows !erver. !erver. IIS helps organi9ations increase 1eb site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. II! is re2uired to run A!5. et web applications.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DATA-ASE DESI4N A collection collection of data designed designed to be used by different different people people is called a database. It is collection interrelated data stored together with controlled redundancy to serve one or more applications in an optional fashion.
The data is stored in such a fashion that it is independent of the programs of people using the data. A common and controlled approach is used in adding new data and modifying and retrieving e$isting data with in the database.
)icrosoft s6& server !" !:6: *77/ is a :elational Batabase Management !ystem. The abbreviation is !tructure "uery anguage. !" is the language used to 2uery 2uery the databas database. e.
!" is a declar declarati ative ve languag language e where you just just say
store sto re this or modify modify this this without without saying saying how to do.
It is the product product of
Microsoft. The version of !" used by !" !:6: *77/ is called Transact J !". !".
It supports supports the the client&serve client&serverr architec architecture ture..
It receives receives re2uests re2uests
from the clients for data and returns the result of the processed 2uery. 2uery. All the !" statements are submitted to the TransactE!"' which on receiving them passes the result and displays it for the user. !" solved the ad hoc needs of usersL the need for data access by computer programs did not go away. In fact' most database access still was Gand isH programmatic' in the form of regularly scheduled reports and statis statistic tical al analyse analyses' s' data data entry entry progra programs ms such such as those those used used for order
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
entry' and data manipulation programs' such as those used to reconcile accounts and generate work orders. The following is a list of relational database that support !"( •
!" !:6:
•
M! J Access
•
!ybase
•
4racle
•
Ingress
•
Informi$
Featres of S7' •
!" is used to 2uery the database to get results
•
sed to inserts new data
•
sed to modify the data
•
$tremely fle$ible 2uery language
•
4ver the years its functional capabilities can be e$tended
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
SYSTE) ANA'YSIS E8istin( System
At present the stadium is not using any software for automation. The entire process of record maintenance is done manually. Manual system does not mean that they are working with pen and paper alone. It also includes working on Tally and other simple software3s. This method has many many limi limita tati tion ons. s. The The manu manual al syst system em is relat relativ ivel ely y slow slow co compa mpare red d to automated systems. pdating information becomes a tedious task since various ledgers will have to be updated. Moreover there is no traceability. In case a need arises to find the details of a particular client' one has to search search throug through h all the record records. s. This This is time time consumi consuming ng and ineffe ineffecti ctive. ve. -re2uent handling of registers and files tend to damage them. !tocking of these reports is another aspect that has to be looked into. As years go by' these registers will take up a major portion of office space. Also there is almost no method to generate report. Above all' there is no security for the data. The registers registers are handled handled by various various personals and information informations s are open to all.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Propose! System
The development of the new system is done as a solution to all the afores aforesaid aid proble problems. ms. The follow following ing activit activities ies try to automa automate te the entire entire process keeping in view of the database integration approach. ). The The
admi admini nist stra rato tors rs have have grea greate terr
acce ac cess ssib ibil ilit ity y
in co coll llec ecti ting ng the the
consistent information that is very much necessary for the system to e$ist and coordinate. *. The The syst system em at any any poin pointt of time can provi provide de the details details of all all the clients that e$ist within the system along al ong with their details. +. The system system can provide provide the genera generall details details of all the events events and its details' with a click of the mouse. ,. The The syste system m can prov provid ide e inst instan antan taneo eous us info inform rmat atio ion n relat related ed to the the registered users and their details. /. The The syst system em with with resp respec ectt to the the nece necess ssit itie ies s ca can n iden identi tify fy all all the the recharge details of the 0. 1ith 1ith prop proper er stor storag age e of the the data data in a rela relati tion onal al envi enviro ronm nmen entt the the system can aggregate itself to cater to the standards of providing a clear and easy path for future works.
)erits of propose! system
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Manpower utili9ation is reduced.
•
limination of 5aper work.
•
8igh reliability.
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-ast and economical.
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Tight security' the person who has authority can only enter into the
•
Application
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) •
Accurate Calculation
•
More secure.
•
The details stored can be easily updated.
•
Maintains large Terabytes Terabytes of data.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
)o!&es The system after careful analysis has been identified identified to be presented with the following modules.
•
A!ministrator )o!&e
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C&ient Information )o!&e
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sers )o!&e
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store mana(ement )o!&e
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rec"ar(e accont )o!&e
•
Payments )o!&e
•
)o!&e
•
)o!&e
A!ministrator )o!&e This module maintains the services related to system administrator who is authenticated upon the system. This module fairly maintains the integr integrati ation on betwee between n the module modules s relate related d to backen backend d databa database se and the func functi tion onal alit itie ies s
carr ca rrie ied d
outt ou
in
the the
whol whole e
orga organi ni9at 9atio ion. n.
Admin Adminis istr trat ator or
provid provides& es&den denies ies reg( reg( for the users. users. The admini administr strato atorr also also verifie verifies s the "ueries' if any' from the users and sends response to them
C&ient Information )o!&e This module is about all the local users who check the details of the club. The details of the company like name' location' contact details and pers person ons' s' orga organi9 ni9at atio ion n heads heads etc etc are are main mainta tain ined ed in this this modu module le.. This This module will act like a client database summary. This will help the firm to keep a track of the clients.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Emp&oyees Information )o!&e The The modu module le mana manage ges s the the info inform rmat atio ion n of all all the the empl employ oyee ees s who who prac practi tical cally ly e$ist e$ist for for this this orga organi ni9a 9ati tion on.. ach ach empl employ oyee ee is e$cl e$clus usiv ivel ely y associated associated through a specific specific department department and authori9ed authori9ed designation. designation. The module manages all the transactional relations that generically arise as and when the system has been e$ecuted' upon the re2uirements. The details of employees like name' 2ualification' !peciali9ation' !alary details' Accounts knowledge e$posure etc are maintained in this module.
A!it )o!&e This This modu module le keep keeps s trac track k of all all the the audi auditt ac acti tivi viti ties es done done by the the auditing office for various companies. The services offered by the auditing offi office ce are are main mainta tain ined ed here here.. The The co comp mpan anie ies s ca can n take take up the the spec specif ifie ied d serv se rvic ices es and and the the stat status us of the the se serv rvic ices es is also also main mainta tain ined ed for for ea each ch company.
Payments )o!&e The payment made by the companies for taking the auditorDs service is maintained in this module. The pending payments from the companies can also be retrieved from this module.
A!it Sc"e!&er )o!&e A strategic plan helps guide the development of the audit function. This module will help the auditor to create their audit planning. Auditor can easi ea sily ly so sort rt the the audi auditt base based d on the the info inform rmat atio ion n show shown. n. The The audi auditi ting ng schedules to be planned for all the companies for various auditing types can be maint maintain ained ed here here.. The The audit auditin ing g will will be done done on thes these e peri period odic ic schedules.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Secrity )o!&e This module maintains and manages the security standards that may be necessary in accessing the system as per the re2uired authori9ation. 4nly authori9ed persons will be able to access the system. sers of the system system and their their passwo passwords rds are manage managed d in this this module module.. The module module involves authenticating the user by encrypting the password provided by user and checking checking whether whether the user user is valid user or not. not. A login screen screen is provided to the user which authenticates the user.
Reports )o!&e This module can generate various reports based on the re2uirements. 6arious reports that can be generated are( •
Clients list
•
mployee Betails
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Audit !chedules
•
Audit :eports
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5ayment :eceivables etc.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DESI4N AND DE,E'OP)ENT PROCESS F+NDA)ENTA' DESI4N CONCEPTS
Although the degree of interest in each concept has varied over the years' each has stood the test of time. ach provides the software designer with a foundation from which more sophisticated design methods can be applied. -undamental design concepts provide the necessary framework for Ogetting it right@. right@. !oftware design is both a process and a model. The design is a se2uence of steps that enable the designer to describe all aspects of the softwa sof tware re to be built. built. It is importa important nt to note' note' howeve howeverr' that the design process process is not simply a cookbook. cookbook. Creative Creative skill' past past e$perience' e$perience' a sense of what makes good software' and an overall commitment to 2uality are critical success factors for a component design. Besi Besign gn is the the tech techni nica call kern kernel el of softwa software re engine engineer erin ing. g.
Burin Buring g
design' progressive refinements of data structure' architecture' interfaces' and procedural detail of software components are development' reviewed' and documented. Besign results in representations of software that can be assessed for 2uality. A number of fundamental software design principles and concepts have been proposed over the past four decades. Besign principles guide the software engineer as the design process proceeds. Besign concepts guide guide the the so soft ftwa ware re engi engine neer er as the the desi design gn proc proces ess s proc procee eeds ds.. Besi Besign gn concepts provide basic criteria for design 2uality. Modularity Gin both program and dataH and the concept of abstraction enable the designer to simply and reuse software components. :efinement
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
provid provides es a mechan mechanism ism for repres represent enting ing succes successiv sive e layer layers s of functio functional nal detail. 5rogram and data structure contribute to an overall view of software architecture' while procedure provides the detail necessary for algorithm implementat implementation. ion. Information Information hiding hiding and functional functional independence independence provide provide heuristics for achieving effective modularity. !oftware designer develops their project based on their fundamental concept. 1ith several several foundation the sophisticated design methods can be appl applie ied d .it .it is inco inconc ncei eiva vabl ble e that that the the desi design gn of a new new mach machin ine' e' new new comp co mput uter er chip chip or a new new offl offlin ine e buil buildi ding ng woul would d be co cond nduc ucte ted d with withou outt defini defining ng design design measur measures' es' determ determini ining ng metric metrics s for variou various s aspect aspects s of design 2uality' and using them to guide the manner for various aspects of design 2uality' and using them to guide the manner in which the design involv involves. es. Besign Besign metrics metrics for comput computer er sof softwa tware' re' like like all other other sof softwa tware re metrics' are not perfect. The design process process is a set of iterative steps that enable the designer to describe all aspect of the software to be built.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DESI4N NOTATIONS
BATA -41
BATA !T4:&BATA;A!
5:4C!!
!4:!&!I=
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Data F&ow Dia(ram
The data flow diagram GB-BH is a graphical tool used for e$pressing syste system m re2ui re2uire reme ment nts s in a grap graphi hical cal form form.. The The B-B B-B also also known known as the the Obubble chart@ has the purpose of clarifying system re2uirements and identi identifyi fying ng major major trans transfor format mation ions s that that will become become progra programs ms in system system design. Thus B-B can be stated as the starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the re2uirements specifications down to the lowest level of detail. The B-B consists of series of bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles represent data transformations and the lines represent data flows in the system
The first step is to draw a data flow diagram GB-BH. The B-B was firs firstt devel develop oped ed by arry arry Cons Consta tant ntin ine e as a way way of e$pr e$pres essin sing g syst system em re2uirements in graphical form. A B-B also known as a Obubble chart@ has the the purp purpos ose e of clari clarify fyin ing g syst system em re2u re2uir irem emen ents ts and and iden identi tify fyin ing g majo majorr transformations that will become programs in system design. !o' it is the star starti ting ng poin pointt of the the desi design gn phas phase e that that func functi tion onal ally ly deco decomp mpos oses es the re2u re2uir irem emen ents ts spec specif ific icat atio ions ns down down to the the lowe lowest st leve levell of deta detail il.. A B-B B-B consists of series of bubbles join by the data flows in the system.
The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are( •
•
ogical represe representatio ntations' ns' modeling modeling what a system does' does' rather than physical models showing how it does it.
•
8ierarchical' showing systems at any level of detail.
•
Nargon less' allowing user understanding and reviewing.
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The goal of data flow diagramming is to have a common monly understood model of a system. The diagrams are the basis of structured systems analysis. Bata flow diagrams are supported by other techni2ues of stru struct ctur ured ed syst system ems s anal analys ysis is such such as data data stru struct ctur ure e diag diagra rams ms'' data data dictio dictionar naries ies'' and proced procedure ureEre Erepre presen sentin ting g techni techni2ue 2ues s such such as decisi decision on tables' decision trees' and structured nglish.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DFD 'eve& 9
Local visitors
Enter services, allocate tasks Admin
View task status
Stadium Management System
Enter Task Status Registered users View Tasks Allocated
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DFD 'eve& : ; A!min +ser
Create Com"any #etails
Users
Login
Admin User
Com"any
Create Auditing services
Cange !assword
Create new Em"loyees
Audit Services Em"loyee $ook Com"any Services
Services $ooked
Create Auditing Service Activities Create audit scedule
Service Activity
Assign Services $ooked
Assigned
Tasks
Track Assigned Status
Audit Scedule
Enter !ayments
!ayments
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DFD 'E,E' : ; Emp&oyee
Login
Em"loyee
Assigned
View Activity Assigned
U"date Task Com"leted
Tasks
View Audit Scedule
Audit Scedule
Users
Cange !assword
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
ER Dia(ram Entity re&ations"ip !ia(ram
The ntityE:elationship G:H model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the mode modell is the the nti ntity tyE: E:e elati lation onsh ship ip diag diagra ram' m' whic which h is used used to visu visual ally ly repr repres esen entt data data obje object cts. s. The The mode modell has has been been e$te e$tend nded ed and and toda today y it is commonly used for database design.
The entity relationship diagram is based on a perception of real world that that co cons nsis ists ts of a co coll llec ecti tion on of basi basic c obje object cts' s' ca call lled ed enti entiti ties es and and of relationshi relationship p among the objects. objects. ntities ntities are described described in a database by a set of attributes. The set of all entities of the same type' and the set of all rela relati tion onsh ship ips s of the the sa same me type type'' are are ter termed med as an entit ntity y se set' t' and and relationshi relationship p set respectively. respectively.
The overall overall logical structure structure of a database
can be e$pressed graphically by an entity relationship diagram' which is built up using the notations
Featres of ER )o!e& are<
•
It maps well to relational model.
•
It is simp simple le and and ea easy sy to unde unders rsta tand nd with with mini minimu mum m of trai trainin ning. g. Therefore' database designer to communicate with the end user can use the model.
•
In addition' the model model can be used as a design plan by the database to impl implem emen entt a data data mode modell in spec specif ific ic data databa base se mana manage geme ment nt software.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
ER Dia(ram
Users
Tasks
&
%
Has
Has
&
Assigned
&
Employee
Has
%
& &
& Has
& Has
Service Activity % has
&
%
Audit services
Audit Schedule
&
&
Has
Has
%
&
Services booked % & Has
%
Payments
Has
&
Company
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Data%ase Desi(n
Batabase design is re2uired to manage large bodies of information. The mana manage geme ment nt of data data invo involve lves s both both the the defi defini niti tion on of stru struct ctur ure e for for the manipulation of information. In addition the data base system s ystem must provide for the safety of the information handled despite. !ystem crashes or due to attempt at unauthori9ed access. -or developing an efficient data base we have to fulfill certain condition such as L •
Control redundancy
•
asy to use
•
Bata independence
•
Accuracy and integrity
•
5erformance
-or achieving the above criteria' we have to make use of various features available with B;M! such forcing integrity constrains.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
DATA-ASE DESI4N
Table Name: Account
Table Table Name: Employee
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) Table Name: Events
Table Table Name: Login
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) Table Table Name: Payment
Table Name: Plan
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Table Name :
Plan details
Table Table Name: Products
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) Table Table Name: Recharge
Table Name : Sales
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) Table Name: Ticket
Table Name :User
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
SYSTE) DESI4N
Inpt Desi(n
Inpu Inputt
desi design gn
is
the
proc proces ess s
of
con co nver verting ting
the the
use userEor Eorient iente ed
descri descripti ption on of the comput computer er based based busine business ss inform informati ation on into into progra programE mE oriented specification. The goal of designing input data is to make the automation as easy and free from errors as possible. It include includes s identi identific ficati ation on of sof softwa tware re compon component ents' s' decoup decoupling ling and decomposing decomposing them into processing modules' conceptual conceptual data structures and specifying relationship among the components. It is concerned with the
methods
involved
impl mplementation
of
in
pac packagi aging
processing ing
of
pro proce ces ssin sing
algor gorithms'
d a ta
modules structure
and and
interconnection among modules and data structure. The input design is the link that ties the information system into the world of its users. It is a process of converting userEoriginated userEoriginated inputs to a comput computerE erEbase based d format format..
Input Input data are col collec lected ted and organi9e organi9ed d into into a
grou group p of simi simila larr data data..
4nce 4nce ident identif ifie ied' d' appr approp opri riat ate e inpu inputt medi media a are are
selected for processing.
The goal of designing input data is to make entry easy' logical and free form form errors. errors.
In input data design' design' we design design source documen documentt that
capture the data and then select the media used to enter them into the computer. The input forms are developed in a userEfriendly way so that a layman also can easily understand everything. Menus are provided to users and differ different ent ico icons ns are designe designed d so the propos proposed ed system system design design loo looks ks decorative. Input design is the part of the overall system design.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
!ource documents initiate a processing cycle as soon as they are entered into the system through through the keyboard. keyboard. A source should be logical and easy to understand.
4bjectives of Input Besign(
:# To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy. =# To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user. The various forms generated are as follows'
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Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
Otpt Desi(n 4utput design is very important concept in the computeri9ed system' without reliable output the user may feel the entire system is unnecessary and avoids using it. The proper output design is important in any system and facilitates effective effective decisionEmak decisionEmaking. ing. The output design of this system includes various reports.
Com Compute puterr outpu utputt is the the most most impo imporrtant tant and and dire direct ct sou ourc rce e of information the user. fficient' intelligible output design should improve the systemDs relationships with the user and help in decision making. A major form of output is the hardcopy from the printer. printer.
4utput re2uirements are designed during system analysis. A good star starti ting ng poin pointt for for the the ou outp tput ut desig design n is the the data data flow flow diag diagra ram. m. 8uma 8uman n factors reduce issues for design involved addressing internal controls to ensure readability.
An application application is successful successful only when it can provide provide efficient efficient and effective reports. :eports are actually presentable form of the data. The report generation should be useful to the management for future reference. The The repo report rt is the the main main so sour urce ce of info inform rmat atio ion n for for userD userDs s oper operat ator ors s and and management. :eport generated are a permanent record of the transaction occurred. After any valid transactionsL have commenced the report of the same are generations and( filed for future reference.
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4utput forms are also designed in a specific manner as per the user re2uirement. :esults are formatted to enhance clarity. Bepending on the user the system would generate appropriate output. The output forms are designed in such a way that the entire user re2uired data is presented.
1hile 1hile design designing ing an output output'' the system system analyst analyst must acc accomp omplis lish h the following. •
Betermine what information to present
•
Becide whether to display' display' print print or speak information information and select select the output medium.
•
Arrange the presentation of information in an acceptable form.
•
Becide how to distribute the output to intended users.
4utput from computer system is re2uired primarily to communicate the resu result lts s of proc proces essin sing g to user users s Gsom Gsomet etim imes es to othe otherr syst system ems s incl includ udin ing g machine machine based systemsH. systemsH.
There There are various various types of output output re2uired re2uired by
most systems' like •
E8terna& E8terna& otpt whose otpt whose destination is outside the organi9ation and which re2uire special attention because the project shows the image of the organi9ation.
•
Interna& otpt otpt whose destination is within the organi9ation and which which re2u re2uir ires es ca care refu full desi design gn beca becaus use e they they are are the the user users s main main interface with the computer.
•
Operationa& otpt whose otpt whose uses purely within the department.
•
Interactive Interactive otpt otpt' whic which h invo involv lves es the the user user in co comm mmun unic icat atin ing g directly with the computer.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) •
Trn aron! otpt i.e.' otpt i.e.' reEentered documents to which data will be adde added d befo before re they they are are retu returne rned d to the co comp mput uter er for for furt furthe herr processing.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
SYSTE) TESTIN4 AND I)P'E)ENTATION
System testin(
Testin( )et"o!o&o(ies
Testin sting g
is
a
pro proce cess ss
use sed d
to
help help
ide identif ntify y
the
corr co rre ectne ctness ss''
completeness and 2uality of developed computer software. software. There are many approaches to software testing' testing' but effective testing of comple$ products is essentially essentially a process process of investigat investigation' ion' not merely merely a matter of creating and foll follow owin ing g rote rote proc proced edur ure. e. 4ne 4ne defi defini niti tion on of test testin ing g is the the proc proces ess s of 2uestioning a product in order to evaluate it' where the 2uestions are things the tester tries to do with the product' and the product answers with its behavior in reaction to the probing of the tester. tester.
The 2uality of the application application can can and normally does vary widely from syste system m to syst system em but but so some me of the the co comm mmon on 2ual 2ualit ity y attr attribu ibute tes s incl includ ude e reliability' stability' stability' portability' maintainability and usability.
Testing Te sting objectives include ). Testing is a process of e$ecuting a program with the intent of finding an error. *. A good test case is case is one that has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. +. A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.
Testing should systematically uncover different classes of errors in a mini mi nimu mum m am amou ount nt of ti time me an and d wi with th a mi mini nimu mum m am amou ount nt of ef effo fort rt.. A second sec ondary ary ben benefit efit of tes testin ting g is tha thatt it dem demons onstra trates tes tha thatt the sof softwa tware re
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appears to be working as stated in the specifications. The data collected through testing can also provide an indication of the software3s reliability and 2uality. ;ut' testing cannot show the absence of defect EE it can only show that software defects are present.
-&ac$ %o8 testin( ;lack bo$ testing bo$ testing attempts to derive sets of inputs that will fully e$ercise all the functional re2uirements of a system. It is not an alternative to white bo$ testing. This type of testing attempts to find errors in the following categories(
). incorrect or missing functions' *. interface errors' +. errors in data structures or e$ternal database access' ,. performance errors' and /. initiali9ation and termination errors.
W"ite %o8 testin( This This test testin ing g is base based d on know knowle ledge dge of the the inte intern rnal al logi logic c of an applicationDs code. Also known as
a ll
logical
decisions
on
their
true
and
false
sides'
+. $ $ec ecut ute e al alll lo loop ops s at th thei eirr bo boun unda dari ries es an and d wi with thin in the their ir op oper erat atio iona nall bounds' ,. $ercise internal data structures to ensure their validity.
an d
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
7a&ity Assrance 4eneric ris$s Secrity Tec"no&o(ies > Po&icies A computerEbase system is a combination of many assets or resources designed to perform some function or to provide some services. ach of these assets is threatened by one or more of the following unacceptable events( •
Interruption
•
Bisclosure
•
:emoval
•
Bestruction
•
!ecurity Issues
The term security can be divided into four related issues •
!ecurity
•
Integrity
•
5rivacy
•
Confidentiality
•
Authentication
In the system brief log on procedure for the customer was provided in order to enter and access the system. This process is done in order to identify the valid user. user.
These attributes are stored in a table that cannot be easily trapped by unauthori9ed persons.
Fi&e protection
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The The vari variou ous s files files and and databa database se tabl tables es are are also also high highly ly se secur cured ed in this this system. The necessity for securing the files and the table evolves because some persons who were not given authori9ation for access may hacker files and corrupt the tables with wrong data which will response tremendous ha9ards to the operations of the system. !o in order to avoid these things' the data encryption standards engine is attached to all files and database tables tables ass associ ociate ated d with with the system' system' which which will will facilit facilitate ate encryp encryptio tion n and decryption of files. ;ackup of the system are also taken as a preventive measure.
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SYSTE) I)P'E)ENTATION
Impleme Implementa ntatio tion n is the stage of the project project where the theore theoretic tical al design is turned into a working system. At this stage the main work load and the major impact on the e$isting system shifts to the user department. If the implementation is not carefully planned and controlled' it can cause chaos and confusion.
Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert from the old system to the new one. The new system may be totally new' replacing an e$isting manual or automated system or it may be a major modification to an e$isting system. 5roper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet the organi9ation re2uirements.
The process of putting the developed system in actual use is called syste system m imple impleme menta ntati tion on.. The The syst system em ca can n be imple impleme mente nted d on only ly afte afterr thorough testing is done and it is found to be working according to the specifications. The system personnel check the feasibility of the system. The most crucial stage is achieving a new successful system and giving confidence on the new system for the user that it will work efficiently and effectively. It involves careful planning' investigation of the current system and its constr constrain aints ts on implem implement entati ation. on. The The system system implem implement entati ation on has three main aspects. They are education and training' system testing and changeover.
The implementation stage involves following tasks. •
Careful planning
•
Investigation of system and constraints
•
Besign of methods to achieve the changeover. changeover.
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) •
Training Training of the staff in the changeover phase
•
valuation of the changeover method
Imp&ementation Proce!re Impleme Implementa ntatio tion n of sof softwa tware re refer refers s to the final final install installati ation on of the package in its real environment' to the satisfaction of the intended users and the operation of the system. The people are not sure that the software is meant to make their job easier. In the initial stage they doubt about the software but we have to ensure that the resistance does not build up as one has to make sure that.
The active user must be aware of the benefits of using the system •
Their confidence in the software built up
•
5roper guidance is impaired to the user so that he is comfortable in using the application
;efore going ahead and viewing the system' the user must know that for viewing the result' the server program should be running in the server. If the server object is not running on the server' the actual processes will not take place.
+ser Trainin( To achieve the objectives and benefits e$pected from the proposed system it is essential for the people who will be involved to be confident of their role in the new system. As system becomes more comple$' the need for education and training is more and more important. duca ducati tion on is co compl mplem emen enta tary ry to trai traini ning ng.. It brin brings gs life life to form formal al training by e$plaining the background to the resources for them. ducation
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involves creating the right atmosphere and motivating user staff. ducation information can make training more interesting and more understandable.
Operationa& Docmentation 4nce the implementation plan is decided' it is essential that the user of the system is made familiar and comfortable with the environment. A docume documenta ntatio tion n provid providing ing the whole whole opera operatio tions ns of the system system is being being developed. seful tips and guidance is given inside the application itself to the user. The system is developed user friendly so that the user can work the system from the tips given in the application itself.
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SCOPE FOR F+T+RE DE,E'OP)ENT
The growth of any organi9ation leads to enhancements' in future the system can be enhanced according to re2uirements. In order to become an effe effect ctiv ive e
syst syste em'
the
deve develo lope ped d
improvement and enhancement.
syst system em
shou should ld
pro provide ide
roo oom m
for for
Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
CONC'+SION
This This so soft ftwa ware re prov provid ides es a user user J frie friend ndly ly appr approa oach ch towa toward rds s the the system. This system has been well developed and when implemented' is bound bound to satisfy satisfy all of the re2uir re2uireme ements nts.. 5a 5ains instak taking ing effort efforts s have have been been taken to make the software impeccable and upgradeable. There is a hope that this software software will be utili9ed utili9ed to its ma$imum ma$imum and will do a good job in long run.
The The ubi2 ubi2ui uito tous us natu nature re of chan change ge unde underl rlie ies s all all so soft ftwa ware re work work.. Theref Therefore ore'' we must must develo develop p mechan mechanism ism for evalua evaluatin ting' g' contro controlli lling ng and making modification. This project has been created using the best design and and co codi ding ng tech techni ni2u 2ue e know known. n. It ca can n be migr migrat ated ed to new new plat platfo form rms' s' adjusted for changes in machines and operating system technology and enha enhanc nce ed
to mee meet
now no w
use user
nee needs' ds'
all all wit witho hout ut rega regard rd to over verall all
architecture.
The efficiency of the application lies in the hands of the end J users. Care has been taken to provide this user friendly system so that not only the e$perienced and professional agents use the system but will prove useful for the new agents also.
The The syst system em is much much fle$ fle$ib ible le and and e$te e$tens nsib ible le and and henc hence e furt furthe herr enhancements' if needed' can be developed and it can be integrated 1ith the e$isting one very easily. It is e$pected to leave up to the objective for which it is designed. In the proposed system' it is sure that it must reduce the man power and the time duration.
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APPENDI* SA)P'E CODIN4
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-i%&io(rap"y
-oo$s Com!e8 #NET Pro(rammin( Corse 3it / 6ikas
ASP#NET -i%&e' -i%&e' Mridula parihar et al' 1IPEBreamtech 1IPEBreamtech India 5vt. td'
dition( *77+
ASP#NET< A -e(inner?s 4i!e' 4i!e ' Bave Mercer' TATA TATA Mc
Software En(ineerin( ; A practitioner?s approac"/ TATA TATA Mc
System Ana&ysis an! Desi(n' Desi(n' llis M. Awad'
We% Sites •
www.asp.net&
•
msdn.microsoft.com&asp.net&
•
en.wikipedia.org&wiki&A!5.T
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www.w+schools.com&aspnet&default.asp
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samples.gotdotnet.com&2uick start&asp plus