SOCIAL CASE WORK (1).doc

NEHRU ARTS ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE COLL EGE PG DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK SUBJECT: SOCIAL CASE WORK UNIT I Social-Case Work: definition and objectives, its importance and relationship with other methods

of Social Work, Principle of case work. Basic components of Social Case Work: the person, the problem, the place and the process. Client - case worker relationship and the use of professional self. UNIT 11

Social Case Work process: stud, dia!nosis and treatment. "ools-and techni#ues in the stud process: $nterview, observation, home visits and collateral contacts. Social Case Work Work intervention -direct and indirect multidimensional intervention. %oal attainment, "ermination, &valuation and follow up. UNIT III

'pproa 'pproache chess in Social Social Case Case Work: Pschos Pschosoci ocial al approach approach,, functi functiona onall approach approach,, dia!nos dia!nosti ticc approach, approach, and crisis -intervention. -intervention. Social casework recordin!: need, importance importance ( tpes of recordin!. UNIT IV

Social Case Work in different settin!s: )amil and child welfare, School, Communit, *edical and Pschiatric institutions, correctional settin!s, care of a!ed, Case work in foster home. UNIT V

+ecent trends in Social Case Work. Problems and limitations of Social Case Work practice in $ndia. $mpact of social, cultural factors on individual and families. Practice and research in Social Case Work. se of sin!le case evaluation and ethno!raph as research methods in Social Case Work.

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UNIT I Social-Case Work: definition and objectives, its importance and relationship with other methods of Social Work, Principle of case work. Basic components of Social Case Work: the person, the problem, the place and the process. Client - case worker relationship and the use of professional self.

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P'+" '  Social Case Work ork is a .......... .............. .... method method of social social work, ' Pri Primar ar / 01' chan!in! c han!in! pscholo! in Social Case Work11 Work11 is the book bo ok written b...... ' *iss. 2ir!inia 2ir!inia +obinson 3 Which is not a component of social social case work45Person, problem,Practise,Place,Process problem,Practise,Place,Process ' Practise PART B W"r* 4  What are the a!"r #hare#ter$%t$#% a&' 'e($&$t$"&% "( S"#$a) Ca%e W"r*

S"#$a) Ca%e W"r*: Social Case Work, a primar method of social work, is concerned with the adjustment and development of individual towards more satisfin! human relations. Better famil life, improved school schools, s, better better housin housin!, !, more more hospit hospitals als and medica medicall care care facili faciliti ties, es, protec protected ted econom economic ic conditions and better relations between reli!ious !roups help the individual in his adjustment and development. But his adjustment and development depend on the use of these resources b him. Sometimes due to certain factors, internal or e6ternal, he fails to avail e6istin! facilities. $n such situations, social caseworker helps him. "hus, social casework is one to one relationship, which















for helpin! people who have difficult in copin! with the problems of dail livin!. $ts one of the direct methods of social work which uses the case-b-case approach for dealin! with individuals or families as re!ards their problems of social functionin!. Case work, aims at individuali7ed services in the field of social work in order to help the client toad just with the environments.

De($&$t$"&% "( S"#$a) Ca%e W"r*: Mar+ R$#h"&' ,11./

8Social Case Work ma be defined as the 'rt of doin! different thin!s with different people, cooperatin! with them to achieve some of their own ( societ s betterment.9 ’

Mar+ R$#h"&' ,110/

Social case work is the art of brin!in! about better adjustments in the social relationship of individual men or women or children Mar+ R$#h"&' ,1/

Social Social case case work work means means,, those those proces processes ses which which develop develop person personali alit t throu!h throu!h adjust adjustmen mentt consciousl affected, individual b individual, between men and their social environment

‟

Jarrett ,11/

Social case work is 8the art of brin!in! an individual who is in a condition of social disorder into the best possible relation with all parts of his environment. Ta(t ,12/

Social case work means 8social treatment of a maladjusted individual involvin! an attempt to understand his personalit, behavior and social relationships and to assist him in workin! out better social and personal adjustment9. Wat%"& ,1/

Social Case Work is the art of untan!lin! and restructurin! the twisted personalit in such a manner that the individual can adjust himself to his environment















Social case work is the art of chan!in! human attitudes9 Ta+)"r ,16/

Social Social case case work work is a proces processs concern concerned ed with with the underst understandi andin! n! of indivi individual dualss as whole whole personalities and with the adjustments of these to sociall sociall health lives Ra+&")'% ,15./

Social case work is the processes of counselin! with a client on a problem which are essentiall his own, involvin! some difficult in his social relationship. Ra+&"'% ,15./

Social case work is that form of social work which assists the individual which he su!!ests to relate himself to his famil, his natural !roup , his communit K)e$& ,157/

Social case work is a technical method in social work;. ' wa of adjustin! to the client to his personal problems. S8$(t ,15/

Social case work is the art of assistin! the individual in developin! and makin! use of his personal capacit to deal with problems which he faces in his life. DeS#h8e$$&$t9 ,15/

Case work means those processes involved in !ivin! service, financial assistance, or personal counsel to individuals b the representatives of social a!encies, accordin! to polices established and with consideration of individual need. Str"'e ,17/

Social case work is the process of assistin! the individual to best possible social adjustment throu!h the use of social case stud, social resources and knowled!e from relative fields of learnin!. T"8)e ,10/

Social case work is one method ;.b which certain social services are made av ailable in areas of unmet needs.















 "o prevent problem  "o develop internal resources

Nat4re = Chara#ter$%t$#% "( Ca%e W"r*:  +elationship arise out of shared ( emotionall char!ed situation  +elationship contains elements of acceptance, e6pec tation, support ( stimulation  Client ( case worker are interdependent  Case work relationship ma have several therapeutic values  $mprovement of condition  *ore adjustment within the societ  =evelopment of personalit  Capacit buildin!  +elationship needs outside help

worker too too has relationship reactions and part of one s professional skills in their  Case worker ’

mana!ement / Wr$te a &"te "& S"#$a) Ca%e W"r* re)at$"& %h$>?

Re)at$"&%h$> $& Ca%e W"r* C)$e&t: Ca%e W"r*er Re)at$"&%h$>

"he term relationship in social case work was used forth first time b *iss. 2ir!ini a +obinson in her book 8' chan!in! ch an!in! pscholo! in Social Case Work9 in >3>.

•

+elationship is the channel throu!h which the mobili7ation of the capacities of the client is madepossible.

•

+elationship is the medium throu!h which the client is enabled to state his problem and throu!h which attention can be focused on realit problems, which ma be as full of internal conflict with emotional problems.















•

Professional relationship involves a mutual process of

 shared responsibilities,  reco!nition, of other s ri!hts, ‟

 acceptance of difference to stimulate !rowth  interaction b creatin! sociali7ed attitudes and behavior.

PART C

.G$"&e&t% "( %"#$a) #a%e 8"r* .4

Componen Comp onents ts of Case Work I Per%"&: 

"he person s behavior has this purpose and meanin!: to !ain satisfactions, to avoid or

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dissolve frustration and to maintain his balance-in-movement. Whether a person s behavior is or is not effective in promotin! his well-bein! depends in

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lar!e part upon the functionin! of his personalit structure. "he "he stru struct ctur uree and and func functi tion onin in! ! of pers persona onali lit t are are the the prod produc ucts ts of inhe inheri rite ted d and and

’

’

constituti constitutional onal e#uipment e#uipment in continuous continuous interactio interaction n with the phsical, phsical, pscholo!ic pscholo!ical al and 

social environment the person e6periences. ' person at an sta!e of his life not onl is a product of nature and nurture but is also and

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alwas in process of bein! in the present and becomin! in the future. "he person s bein! and becomin! behavior is both shaped and jud!ed b the e6pectations ’

he and his culture have invested in the social role "he person who comes as a client to a social a!enc is alwas under stress. "o understand human behavior and individual difference, %race *athew has !iven the followin! propositions:

















. 'n individual s behavior is conditioned b hisAher environment and hisAher e6periences. ’

Behavior refers to reactin!, feelin!, thinkin!, etc. the conditions and influences surroundin! the person constitutes the environment. /. )or human !rowth and development it is essential that certain basic needs should be met. 5*aslow s hierarch of needs ’

3. &motional needs are real and the cannot be met or removed throu!h intellectual reasonin!. <. Behaviour is purposeful and is in response to the individual s phsical and emotional needs. ’

?. ther people s behavior can be understood onl in terms of ones own emotional and ’

intellectual comprehension. P&+S II Pr";)e "he problems within the purview of social casework are those which vitall affect or are affected b a person s social functionin!. "he multifaceted and dnamic nature of the client s problem ’

’

makes necessar the selection b caseworker and client some part of it as the unit for work. "he choice of problem depends on 5 whether the problem is the client s problem ’

5/ leadership !iven b case worker depends upon the professional knowled!e and jud!ment 53 a!enc s function e.!. hospital, etc. ’

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Problems in an part of a human bein! s livin! tend to have chain reactions. ;. cause D effect D cause.  'n problem which a person encounters has both an objective and subjective si!nificance #ualit and intensit of our feelin!s. o f the problem co ot onl do the e6ternal 5objective and internal 5subjective aspects of ’

















@. Problems of marital discord. F. Problem situations needin! a follow-up service. G. eeds related to rehabilitation of people. >. Clients cau!ht up in social problems like !amblin!, prostitution, alcoholism, dru! addiction and unmarried motherhood. Problem

III P)a#e:

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"he social a!enc is an or!ani7ation fashioned to e6press the will of a societ or of some



!roup in that societ as to social welfare communit decides the need of the a!enc. &ach social a!enc develops a pro!ram b which to meet the particular areas of need with with which which it sets sets out out to deal deal.. $t depe depends nds on fact factor orss like like mone mone,, knowl knowled! ed!ee and and competence of the a!enc staff, the interest, resources available and support of the



communit. "he social a!enc has a structure b which it or!ani7es and dele!ates its responsibilities and tasks, and !overnin! policies and procedures Hierarch roles and responsibilities clear, desi!nated and dele!ated collaboration procedures and policies, understand the



usefulness. b which it stabili7es and sstemati7es its operations. amon! workers. "he social a!enc is a livin!, adaptable or!anism susceptible to bein! understood and



chan!ed, much as other livin! or!anisms. Past, present and future not static and fi6ed.

















Based on functions

child welfare, famil welfare, education, speciali7ation based. 'lso differs based on Source of support, Professional authorit, Clientele the serve,Services the offer, %oals of the a!enc, etc. IV Pr"#e%%:

$n order to understand what the case work process must include in its problem-solvin! help, it is necessar to take stock first of the kinds of blockin!s which occur in people s normal problem’

solvin! efforts. "he si6 are: . $f necessar tan!ible means and resources are not available to the person. /. ut of i!norance or misapprehension about the facts of the problem or the facts of e6istin! was of meetin! it. 3. $f the person is depleted or drained of emotional or phsical ener!. <. Some problems arouse hi!h feelin!s in a person emotions so stron! that the overpower his reason and identf his conscious controls. ?. Problem ma lie within the personE he ma have become subject sub ject to, or victim of, emotions that chronicall, over a lon! time, have !overned his thinkin! and action. @. Haven t developed sstematic habits or orderl method of thin!s and plannin!. ’

"he intent of the case work process is to en!a!e the person himself both in workin! on and copin! with the one or several problems that confront him and to do so b such means as ma stand him in !ood stead as he !oes forward in livin!. "he means are

















)inall, for the solution or miti!ation of man problems there must e6ist certain material means or accessible opportunities which are available to the needful person and which he can be helped to use. Iinds of resources that a person ma need are mone, medical care, nurser schools, scholarships, foster homes, recreation facilities, etc.

UNIT II Social Case Work process: stud, dia!nosis and treatment. "ools-and techni#ues in the stud process: $nterview, observation, home visits and collateral contacts. Social Case Work Work intervention -direct and indirect multidimensional intervention. %oal attainment, "ermination,

















/ "he third third sta!e of social social case work process process A/ "reatment 3 Which amon! the follow followin! in! is is a tool of stud stud44 5"reatment,social 5"reatment,social dia!nosis,collateral d ia!nosis,collateral contact,evaluation ' Collat Collatera erall conta contact ct

PART B 1/ What a)) a)) are the %ta@e %ta@e%% "( %"#$a) %"#$a) #a%e 8"r* 8"r* treat treate& e&t? t?

Stages in Case Case Wor Work k : =ifferent sta!es in case work process are:  Case stud ASocial $nvesti!ation A Pscho Social Stud  Social =ia!nosis  Social "reatment

S"#$a) Ca%e H$%t"r+:

"he first step in the case work is to collect the social histor of the client. "his could be done in various was. "hese are:  $nterview with the client  $nterview with the relatives, emploer, teacher and friends of the client.  2isitin! the nei!hborhood and environment in which the client lives.

'll these visits will help the worker to know the client in his environment and collect all the data in respect of the client and his environment i.e. his famil, nei!hborhood, friendship circle,



















pscholo!ical or personalit factors which bear a casual relationship to the client s difficult and ’

the social or environmental factors which tend to sustain it.

S"#$a) treate&t

Social treatment in case work is the sum total of all activities and services directed towards helpin! the client with a problem. "he focus into relieve the immediate problem and if feasible modif an basic difficulties which precipitated it. Strictl speakin!, everthin! that has been discussed so far is part of treatment.

%enerall, two tpes of efforts are re#uired for social adjustment environmental modification and or chan!e in behavior modification. &arl case work treatment was placed on modification throu! throu!h h the enviro environme nment. nt. Kater Kater on the develo developme pment nt of e!o pschol pscholo! o! helped helped social social case case workers to use intensive and direct treatment techni#ue

/ State the the eth"'% eth"'% a&' a&' ";!e#t$


















ma need in order to resolve a !iven problem in his dail livin! &nvironmental manipulation means chan!in! the social conditions of the client so that heAshe ma be relieved from e6cessive stresses and strains. )or e6ample attempts to chan!e the attitude of the parents, teachers, spouse, emploer, friends and relatives, trainin! and emploment for livelihood, !roup e6perience in accordance with the needs of the client. &nvironmental modification is undertaken b the case worker onl when environmental pressures upon the client are beond the client s control but ’

can be modified b the case worker $n this the case worker e6erts influence directl on the client. $t is used when the client needs direction because of his i!norance, an6iet and weakness of his e!o stren!th. =irect treatment is !iven throu!h counselin!, therapeutic interviewin!, clarification and interpretation leadin! to an insi!ht.

Social "reatment Social treatment in case work is the sum total of all activities and services directed towards help helpin in! ! the the clie client nt with with a probl problem em.. "he "he focu focuss is to reli relieve eve the the imme immedi diat atee prob proble lem m and and if feasiblemodif an basic difficulties which precipitated it. Strictl speakin!, everthin! that has beendiscussed so far is part of treatment.



















interview, the worker cannot !et all the possible information about the client nor can the client !ain an confidence in the worker. "he purpose of an interview is, therefore: o o o

"o obtain knowled!e of the situation. "o understand another person. "o make the person understand ou.

PART C



















completion of the social stud or of the formulation of a social dia!nosis. Some kind of help ma have to be rendered even at the first worker-client contact. "he skilful wa the case worker conducts the interview ma be of help to the client in terms of the concern, hope, warmth and intere interest st convee conveed d to the client, client, which which in turn turn start start a proces process, s, sooner sooner or later later,, within within him activatin! him to mobili7e his inner resources for problem solvin!. $n casework intervention the individual client is not considered in isolation from the famil, but as a part of the famil, since the famil forms the most important human environment for the client with its network of emoti emotional onal relati relations onship hips. s. "heref "herefore ore,, other other member memberss of the famil famil are also also involv involved ed in the casework process. 'lso, home visits are made b the caseworker to !et an understandin! of the environment as for other reasons.

Process of Social Case Work Work:: I I&ta*e ,F$r%t I&ter<$e8/ Ra>>"rt B4$)'$&@

 Client comes to an a!enc for professional help throu!h a Case worker.



















J. Kevel of motivation, how #uickl #u ickl he wants to !et rid of his problems. . ature of famil, its status, values, relationship pattern within the famil, famil, etc. /. +eactions to the worker and seekin! help from the a!enc and se6 of caseworker who will be suitable to help the person. II P%+#h"-S"#$a) %t4'+ ,E>)"rat$"&  I&
8Pscho 8Pscho L

Social stud is is the initi initial al assessme assessment nt of client client s current, relevant past and possible ’

future modes of adaptation to stressful situations and normal livin! situations.9 Perlman has !iven the followin! contents of the case work stud . "he nature of the presentin! problem /. "he si!nificance of the problem. 3. "he cause5s, onset and precipitants of the problem. <. "he efforts made to cope with problem-solvin!. ?. "he nature of the solution or ends sou!ht from the case work a!enc. @. "he actual nature of the a!enc and its problem solvin! means in relation to the client and his problem. ools of stud"





















 8=ia!nosis helps in determinin! the focus of treatment, further collection of facts and

decidin! the best course of action to solve the problem.9  8Social dia!nosis is the attempt to arrive at an e6act definition as possible of the social situation and personalit of a !iven client.9  8=ia!nosis is concerned with understandin! both the pscholo!ical or personalit factors which bear a causal relation to the client s difficult and the social or environmental ’

factors which tend to sustain it.9  8=ia!nosis ma be viewed as the fluid, constantl chan!in! assessment of the client, theirproblems, life situations and important relationships.9





















<. "he collected information is summari7ed in an attempt to anticipate an major problem in treatment and as a wa of be!innin! to establish objectives for treatment. ?. Selectin! priorities for treatment is the final step of the dia!nosis. $$$ "!es of diagnosis

. Clinical person is descri described bed bthe bthe nature nature of the illne illness. ss.&.! &.!.. schi7o schi7ophr phreni enia, a, pschop pschopath ath,,  "he person tphoid, etc.  sed in medical practice.  se is minimum in casework practice. - $mportance in medical and pschiatr.





















@. "o compensate pscholo!ical dama!e. F. "o increase capacit for self-direction. G. "o increase his social contribution.

Methods of Social treatment

.'dministration of concrete and practical services. &.!. mone, medical care,scholarships, le!al aid, etc. /.$ndirect treatment 5modification of environment, both phsical and social. &.!. camps, !roup e6perience activities, trainin! pro!rammes, etc.





















"he purpose of &valuation is to see if the efforts of the case worker are ieldin! an result or not, if the techni#ues used are servin! the purpose, and if the !oals are bein! achieved. &valuation is the process of attachin! a value to the social work practice. $t is the method of knowin! what the outcomes are. $t is a continuous process. &valuation of the approach used and result should be taken up with the client so that the efforts are meanin!full utili7ed. &valuation will further stren!then the relationship between the caseworker and client and motivate the client to work towards his !oal. Casework practices need to be evaluated from time to time. "he subject needs to be tested





















 $f re#uired, he is referred to the proper source for needed services and help.

follow-up should be planned on a diminishi diminishin! n! basis after two weeks, then a month, month,  "he follow-up then then three three months months,, si6 months months and a ear ear follow followin! in! the termi terminat nation ion of the formal formal pro!ram.2$ pro!ram.2$ $n $nSocial Case Wo Work rk Proce $n short

"he case work process consists of: 5)irst$nterview+apport Buildin! Buildin! Pscho-Socialstud e6plorationA $nvesti!ation  $ntake 5)irst$nterview+apport  Pscho - Social dia!nosis 5'ssessment  "reatment 5Problem-solvin! process

"ermination  )ollow-up and "ermination













































been enriched and e6panded over the ears. "he authorsM approach reflects a balanced focus on people, their environment, and the was in which people interact with their environment. &ssential techni#ues includin! how to conduct initial interviews with clients, crisis intervention,























Classical functionalist theories are defined b a tendenc towards biolo!ical analo! and notions of social evolutionism: evolutionism: )unctionalist thou!ht, from Comte onwards, has looked particularl towards biolo! as the























Case mana!ement re#uires the development of e6cellent communication skills to enable all members of the team, and the client to feel that pro!ress is bein! made and that the client1s most pressin! needs are bein! successfull addressed. Social work can be a difficult and sometimes























"he traditional case record reflected the interaction between the practitioner and the service user, in the conte6t of the service userMs histor and current situation. 't its heart was the relationship between the practitioner and service user. "raditional "raditional case records were Moften written in an

















































































































































































































































































































































SOCIAL CASE WORK (1).doc

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