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Exordio

I

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La humana locura

II

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Echando cuentas

III

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Tres ejemplos

IV

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b%@<% 9(&*)(@%-( 92=4+( /2-() ., 9(/+%@%4 %52,..(/ @3,4,/ 52, ),/*.%4-,9<%4 *() +(-%/ .%/ +3,))%/0 92=4+%/ *),(92*%93(4,/ /,9),+%/ +%*%@%4K (@.3;%-( % .3-3%) 9(4 .%/ %)&%/ 9(4+)% 9(4932-%-%4(/ *)3&,)(0 -,/*2C/ 9(4+)% 9(., ;%/"c0 !4%.&,4+, 9(4+)% *%)3,4+,/""0 -,))%&? /%4;), ,4 &%) ' +3,))%# E3%6%4-( ,4 +()4( % +)%7C/ -, d%9,-(43%0 e393.3%0 J;3*+(0 e3)3% ' F/3% ' 9%/3 +(-(/ .(/ +,))3+()3(/0 -3)3;3? 9(4+)% ,4,&3;(/ ,>+,)3(),/ 24(/ ,6C)93+(/ '% 9%4/%-(/ -, &%+%) )(&%4(/# d3,4+)%/ *%93!9% % .(/ F.*,/ ' /(628;% % ,4,&3;(/ *),/,4+,/ ,4 &,-3( -, 24 3&*,)3( *%93!9%-(0 &3,4+)%/ -,/*.%8% .%/ P)(4+,)%/ &=/ %..= -,. W34 ' -,. f2P)%+,/ ' -,. V%42@3(0 ,4 .% *)(*3% W(&% .%/ ,/*%-%/ -, d2),4%0 g,*3?4 "D0 $C*3-("G0 J;4%93("H ' (+)(/ 9(4+)% C. /, % !.%@%4"Y# \# M(-%7<% 4( :%@<% ,/9%*%-( % .%/ %/,9:%48%/ -, C/+(/ ' '% /2 :36% "\ ' +%4+(/ 6?7,4,/ 4(@.,/ 9(&*)(&,+3-(/0 % &%4,)% -, 62)%&,4+(0 &,-3%4+, %-2.+,)3(0 +%&@3C4 h2.("] ' (+)% 7,8 24% &26,) +,&3@., ,4 9(&*%Q<% -, 24 F4+(43( "_0 %+,))()38%@%4 /2 ,-%- 52,@)%4+%-%# b%@<% /%6%-( ,/+%/ ..%;%/ "a 624+( 9(4 .(/ *)(*3(/ &3,&@)(/K (+)%/ @)(+%@%4 *() -,@%6(L 9(&( 24 92,)*( 9%);%-( -, &29:% /%4;), ),7,4+%@% *() %.;24% (+)% *%)+,# g(452, %Q()%@% ,. +3,&*( .3@),0 ,/*,)=4-(.( , 3&%;34=4-(.( ),*(/%@%4 /2/ P%+3;%/0 C/+% ,)% .% *.,;%)3% -, %52C. 52, *(-<% :%9,) 52, /, 92&*.3,)%4 .%/ *.,;%)3%/ -, .(/ (+)(/#

Cicerón

V

"# d%)9( g39,)?40 8%)%4-,%-( ,4+), g%+3.34%/0 g.(-3(/0 1(&*,'(/ ' g)%/(/ Dc0 ,4 *%)+, %-7,)/%)3(/ &%43!,/+(/0 ,4 *%)+, %&3;(/ -2-(/(/0 &3,4+)%/ /, @%&@(.,% 9(4 .% ),*[email protected]% ' .% /(/+3,4, % *24+( -, 3)/, % *352,0 %))%/+)%-( %. !40 /34 -,/9%4/%) ,4 .% *)(/*,)3-%- 43 /(*()+%) .%/ %-7,)/3-%-,/0 R92=4+%/ 7,9,/ ),4,;? -, %52,. 9(4/2.%-( /2'( %.%@%-( *() C. D" 4( /34 )%8?4 *,)( -,&%/3%-%/ 7,9,/S D# RT2C ,>*),/3(4,/ +%4 ..()(/%/ ),7,.% ,4 24% 9%)+% % i+39( DD0 92%4-( '% 1(&*,'( *%-), :%@<% /3-( 7,493-(0 ' ,. :36( ),:%9<% ,4 b3/*%43% /2 ,6C)93+( -,))(+%-(S UNT23,),/ /%@,)X `-39,` U.( 52, :%;( %52
Livio Druso

VI

"# $373( V)2/(DG0 24 :(&@), =/*,)( , 3&*2./37(0 92%4-(0 %/3/+3-( ,4 +()4( *() 24% &%/% ,4()&, *)(7,43,4+, -, j+%.3% ,4+,)%0 *)(&(7<% .,',/ ),7(.293(4%)3%/ ' &%.,/ 9(&( .(/ -, .(/ k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b%/+% -?4-, 4( %.9%48%)<% %. ),7,4+%) +%4 *),&%+2)% %&@393?4O M,4-)<%/ 52, /2*(4,) 52, 24% (/%-<% +%4 *),9(8 3@% % -,/,&@(9%) ,4 24 &%. ,4()&, +%4+( *)37%-( 9(&( *[email protected](# M%)-,0 *2,/0 /, .%&,4+%@% -, 4( :%@,) +,43-( 7%9%93(4,/ 523,4 -,/-, 43Q( P2, %.@()(+%-() ' 24 ,4;())( ,4 ,. P()(# e, -3/92+, /3 C. *() /2 *)(*3% 92,4+% /, -3( ,. ;(.*,0 *2,/ -, *)(4+(0 9(4 24% :,)3-% ,4 .% 34;.,0 9%'? % +3,))%0 &3,4+)%/ %.;24( 52, (+)( -2-%@% /3 /2 &2,)+, :%@<% /3-( 7(.24+%)3%0 434;24( /3 :%@<% /3-( (*()+24% D]#

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

El arte de vivir

VII

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l52, 9(&( +%.,/ /(4 '% (@.3;%93(4,/mK 7,)=/ 52, 4( .(/ -,6%4 ),/*3)%) 43 /2/ %/24+(/ &%.(/ 43 +%&*(9( .(/ @2,4(/# G# J4 !40 +(-(/ ,/+=4 -, %92,)-( ,4 52, 434;24% 9(/% /, *2,-, *)%9+39%) *() *%)+, -, 24 :(&@), (92*%-(0 43 .% ,.(92,493%0 43 .(/ /%@,),/ .3@,)%.,/0 '% 52, 24 ,/*<)3+2 %;(@3%-( 4( %/3&3.% 4%-% 9(4 *)(P24-3-%- /34( 52, .( ),9:%8% +(-( 9(&(

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_# J. 52, .(;)? .(/ P%/9,/Gc %4/3%-(/ 523,), %. *24+( -,6%).(/ ' %4-% -393,4-(K UNg2=4-( *%/%)= ,. %Q(OX Z+)( ();%438% 24(/ 62,;(/ G" 52, C. 9(4/3-,)? ,4 &29:( 52, ., +(9%)% ,4 /2,)+, -%).(/# UNg2=4-(X `-39,` U,/9%*%)C -, ,/+% :3/+()3%OX Z+)( 9(&( %@(;%-( -,P,4/() /, -,/@%)%+% *() +(-( ,. P()( ' .( ..,4% +(-( 9(4 +%4 ;)%4 9(492)),493% 52, 4( %.9%48% % 52, ., (3;% +(-% ,..%# UNg2=4-(X `-39,` U/, %*.%8%)=4 ,/+(/ %/24+(/OX g%-% 92%. %9,.,)% /2 73-% ' *%-,9, %Q()%48%/ -,. P2+2)( ' :%/+<( -,. *),/,4+,# a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c# I( +3,4,/ *() 52C *,4/%) ,4 )%8?4 -, /2/ 9%4%/ ' %))2;%/ 52, %.;23,4 :% 7373-( &29:( +3,&*(K C/, 4( :% 7373-( &29:(0 /34( 52, :% ,/+%-( %:< &29:( +3,&*(# NT2C *%/%)<% /3 *,4/%)%/ 52, :% 4%7,;%-( &29:( 24( %. 52, 24% +,&*,/+%- &2' -2)% %. /%.3) -,. *2,)+( .( %))%/+)? -, %9= ' *%)% %..= ' 9(4 .(/ +2&@(/ -, 24(/ 73,4+(/ 52, %)),&,+,4 *() *24+(/ (*2,/+(/ .( &2,7, ,4 9<)92.(/ -,4+)( -,. &3/&( ,/*%93(O f/, 4( 4%7,;? &29:(0 /34( 52, .( :%4 8%)%4-,%-( &29:(#

El desprecio del bien más preciado

VIII

"# e2,.( ,>+)%Q%)&, 92%4-( 7,( % .(/ 24(/ *,-3) +3,&*( ' % .(/ (+)(/0 .(/ /(.393+%-(/0 -3/*2,/+(/ % -=)/,.(# n4(/ ' (+)(/ %+3,4-,4 % %52,..( *() .( 52, /, *3-, ,. +3,&*(0 434;24( %. +3,&*( ,4 /
G# A ,/ 52, /30 +%. 9(&( ,. -, .(/ *%/%-(/0 /, ., *2-3,)% *(4,) -,.%4+, % 9%-% 92%. ,. 4B&,)( -, /2/ %Q(/ P2+2)(/0 R9?&( +,&@.%)<%4 %. 7,) 52, .,/ 52,-%@%4 *(9(/0 9?&( &3)%)<%4 *() ,..(/S g(&( 52, ,/ P=93. %-&343/+)%) .( *(/3+37( %2452, /,% ,/9%/(L :%' 52, ;2%)-%) 9(4 &%'() 923-%-( %52,..( 52, 4( /%@,/ 92=4-( :%@)= -, P%.+%)+,# H# A 4( +3,4,/ *() 52C *,4/%) /34 ,&@%);( 52, ,..(/ -,/9(4(89%4 .( &29:( 52, 7%., ,/% 9(/%K /2,.,4 -,93) % .(/ 52, 523,),4 &29:
Vivir el presente

IX

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Recuerdos y esperanzas

X

"# J4 .( 52, 7,4;( *.%4+,%4-(0 /3 523/3,)% -,/%))(..%).( *() *%)+,/ ' *24+(/ 9(49),+(/0 /, &, (92))3)<%4 &29:%/ 9(/%/ *%)% -,&(/+)%) 52, .% 73-% -, .(/ %+%),%-(/ ,/ &2' 9()+%# e(.<% -,93) ^%@3%4(GH 0 24 !.?/(P( 4( -, ,/(/ ,4+)(438%-(/ /34( -, .(/ %2+C4+39(/ ' %4+3;2(/K Ug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

73/+% %. *%/%-( '0 /3 .,/ 52,-%0 .,/ ,/ -,/%;)%-%@., ,. ),92,)-( -, 9(/%/ -, .%/ 52, -,@,4 %)),*,4+3)/,# G# F -,/;%4%0 *2,/0 -3)3;,4 /2 %+,493?4 %+)=/ :%93% +3,&*(/ &%. ..,7%-(/0 /34 %+),7,)/, % +%4+,%) -, 42,7( &(&,4+(/ 92'(/ 7393(/ l349.2/( .(/ 52, &,)9,- % .%/ %.9%:2,+,)<%/ -,. *.%9,) -, ,4+(49,/ /, .,/ ,/9%&(+,%@%4m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e2/ 73-%/ /, 7%40 *2,/0 % .( :(4-( '0 %/< 9(&( 4( /3)7, -, 4%-% 92%.523,) 9(/% 52, *,/, % +(-( ,9:,/ -,4+)(0 /3 4( :%' -,@%6( %.;( 52, .( ),9(6% ' ),+,4;%0 %/< 4( 3&*()+% 4%-% ,. +3,&*( 52, /, .,/ 523,)% -%) /3 4( +3,4, -(4-, %/,4+%)/,K /, ,/92)), *() 24(/ ,/*<)3+2/ )(+(/ ' %;26,),%-(/ G\# \# J. +3,&*( *),/,4+, ,/ 9()+
Al encuentro de la muerte

XI

"# J4 !40 N523,),/ /%@,) :%/+% 52C *24+( 737,4 *(9( +3,&*(O d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

Ocupados y desocupados

XII

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e2 73-% 4( /, -,@, ..%&%) :(.;%48% /34( (92*%-% -,/3-3%# N$.%&%/ +B -,/(92*%-( %. 52, ),/+%2)% 9(4 %4/3(/% -,.39%-,8% @)(49,/ -, g()34+( G_ 0 72,.+(/ 7%.3(/(/ *() .% .(92)% -, 24(/ *(9(/0 ' ;%/+% .% &%'() *%)+, -, /2/ 6()4%-%/ ,4+), 9:%*%/ ,4&(:,93-%/O NF. 52, ,4 ,. 9,)(&%Ga lR&%.-3+% /,%0 43 /3523,)% *%-,9,&(/ &%.,/ ,>9.2/37%&,4+, )(&%4(/Sm /, /3,4+% % 9(4+,&*.%) .(/ 9(&@%+,/ -, .(/ &29:%9:(/O NF. 52, -3/+)3@2', *() *%),6%/ /,;B4 ,-%-,/ ' 9(.(),/ /2 ),@%Q( -, *)34;(/(/ HcO NF. 52, 9,@% .(/ %+.,+%/ &=/ -, &(-%O

G# Ng?&(O N$.%&%/ -,/(92*%-(/ % .(/ 52, *%/%4 &29:%/ :()%/ ,4 .% @%)@,)<% &3,4+)%/ ., 9()+%4 .( *(9( 52, .% 4(9:, %4+,/ ., :%'% 9),93-( ,. *,.(0 &3,4+)%/ /, -,.3@,)% /(@), 9%-% 24( -, /2/ 9%@,..(/0 &3,4+)%/ .% &,.,4% /3 ,/+= 9%<-% /, ., :%9, ),;),/%) % /2 /3+3( ( /3 ,/ ,/9%/% /, ., ,9:% -, %9= ' %..= % .% P2,)8% /(@), .% P),4+,O RV, 52C &%4,)% /, ,4P%-%4 /3 ,. @%)@,)( `9(&( -,@, :%9,) 92%4-( *,.% % 24 7%)?4` P2, 24 *(9( -,/923-%-(S Rg?&( /, *(4,4 *=.3-(/ /3 /, 9()+% %.;( -, /2/ 9)34,/0 /3 %.;( 52,-% P2,)% -, /2 /3+3(0 /3 4( %9%@% +(-( 9(4 .(/ )38(/ -,@3-(/S NT23C4 :%' -, ,/(/ 52, 4( *), !,)% 52, .% ),*[email protected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e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

+)%/.%-(# F ,/+(/ %.;B4 (+)( .,/ %73/% 92=4-( +3,4,4 52, @%Q%)/,0 92=4-( 4%-%)0 92=4-( 9,4%)K :%/+% +%. *24+( ,/+=4 )(+(/ *() .% "(6,-%- -, 24 %.&% ,>523/3+%0 52, 4( *2,-,4 /%@,) *() /< /(.(/ /3 +3,4,4 ;%4%/ -, 9(&,)# ]# Z3;( 52, 24( -, ,/(/ :(&@),/ ,>523/3+(/ l/3 ,/ 52, :%' 52, ..%&%) ,>523/3+,8 ,/( -, -,/%*),4-,) .% 9(4-29+% ' .(/ :=@3+(/ *)(*3(/ -, 24 :(&@),m 24% 7,8 52, .( /%9%)(4 -, .% 9%/% -, @%Q(/ ,4 7(.%4-%/ ' .( :2@3,)(4 9(.(9%-( ,4 .% .3 +,)%0 :38( ,/+% *),;24+%K UNJ/+(' '% /,4+%-(OX Nf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`,4 24% C*(9% 52, /?.( ,4 ,/+( ,/ 9),%+37%` :% /2@3-( +%4+(0 52, '% *(-,&(/ %92/%) % .(/ 9?&39(/ -, *,),8(/(/# RT2, :%'% %.;23,4 52, 9(4 ,/+%/ ,>523/3+,9,/ %4-, +%4 *,)-3-( 52, 9(4P<, % (+)( ,. /%@,) /3 ,/+= ( 4( /,4+%-(S a# g(452, ,/, +%. 4( ,/ 24 -,/(92*%-(0 -%., (+)( 4(&@),K ,/ 24 ,4P,)&(0 &=/ +(-%7<%0 24 &2,)+(# J/ 24 -,/(92*%-( %52C. 52, -, /2 -,/(92*%93?4 +3,4, +%&@3C4 9(493,493%# 1,)( ,/, &,-3( &2,)+(0 52, *%)% 9(&*),4-,) .%/ *(/+2)%/ -, /2 92,)*( 4,9,/3+% 24 34P()&%4+,0 N9?&( *2,-, /,) -2,Q( -, +3,&*( %.;24(O

El ocio de los hombres de letras

XIII

"# J/ .%);( ),*%/%) .(/ 9%/(/ *%)+392.%),/ -, %52,..(/ 92'%/ 73-%/ 9(4/2&,4 ( ,. %6,-),8 HG ( .% *,.(+% ( ,. %P=4 -, @)(49,%)/, %. /(.# I( ,/+=4 -,/(92*%-(/ %52,..(/ 92'(/ *.%9,),/ /2*(4,4 &29:% (92*%93?4# 1()52, 4%-3, *(4-)= ,4 -2-% 52, 4( :%' 9(/% 52, 4( :%;%4 /34 ,/P2,)8( ;)%4-, .(/ 52, /, ,4+),+3,4,4 ,4 34B+3.,/ ,/+2-3(/ .3+,)%)3(/0 24% +)(*% 52, '% +%&@3C4 ,4 W(&% ,/ ;)%4-,# D# 1)(*3% -, ;)3,;(/ P2, ,/% ,4P,)&,-%- -, 34-%;%) 52C 4B&,)( -, ),&,)(/ ..,7%@% n.3/,/0 /3 /, ,/9)3@3? *)3&,)( .% j.<%-% ( .% Z-3/,%0 /3 .%/ -(/ %-,&=/ /(4 -, 24 &3/&( %2+() ' &=/ 9(/%/ -, ,/+, +3*(0 .%/ 92%.,/0 /3 +B .%/ -,6%/ *%)% +30 4%-% %*)(7,9:%4 % +2 <4+3&% 9(493,493% '0 /3 .%/ *[email protected]%/0 4( *%),9,)=/ &=/ /%@3( /34( &=/ *,/%-(# G# d3)% *() -?4-, % .(/ )(&%4(/ +%&@3C4 .,/ %+%9? ,/, %P=4 -, %*),4-,) 9(/%/ /2*,) "2%/HH # 1() ,/+(/ -<%/ :, (<-( % 24 34-373-2( HY ),.%+%) .%/ ,&*),/%/ 52, :38( *() 7,8 *)3&,)% 9%-% ;,4,)%. )(&%4(K ,. *)3&,)( 52, ;%4? 24% @%+%..% 4%7%. P2, V23.3(H\0 ,. *)3&,)( 52, ,4 24 -,/!., +)324P%. ..,7? ,.,P%4+,/ P2, g2)3( V,4+%+(oH] M(-%7<% ,/%/ 9(/%/0 %2452, 4( %+3,4-,4 % .% ;.()3% %2+C4+39%0 %. &,4(/ 7,)/%4 /(@), 9%/(/ -, %993(4,/ 9373.,/L 4( ,/ @,4,!93(/( +%. 9(4(93&3,4+( ' ,/ /34 ,&@%);( 9%*%8 -, ,4+),+,4,)4(/ ,4 %/24+(/ @)3..%4+,&,4+, 7%4(/#

H# V,6,&(/ +%&@3C4 *%)% .(/ 52, 34-%;%4 *() %:< 523C4 9(47,493? *)3&,)( % .(/ )(&%4(/ *%)% 52, ,&@%)9%)%4 lP2, g.%2-3(0 ..%&%-( g=2-39, H_ *),93/%&,4+, *()52, .% +)%@%8?4 -, &29:%/ +%@.%/ /, ..%&%@% ,4+), .(/ %4+3;2(/ p9%2-,>qL *() ,/( .%/ +%@.%/ ( !93%.,/ /, -,4(&34%4 9?-39,/ Ha ' % .(/ @%)9(/ +(-%7<% %:()% 52, /3;23,4-( 24% 73,6% *)=9+39% +)%,4 .%/ *)(73/3(4,/ *() ,. M<@,) /, ..%&%4 p9(-393%)3(/qm# Y# r3,4 :%)<% %. 9%/( +%&@3C4 ,/( -, 52, E%.,)3( g()734( Yc P2,)% ,. *)3&,)( 52, 7,493? % d,/%4% ' ,. *)3&,)( -, .% P%&3.3% -, .(/ E%.,)3(/ 52,0 +(&%4-( ,. 4(&@), -, ,/% 932-%- +)%/ 9(4523/+%).%0 /, ..%&? pd,/%4%q ' .2,;( 92%4-( .% ;,4+, *(9( % *(9( 9%&@3? .%/ .,+)%/ ., -36,)(4 pd,/%.%qL \# NI( -,6%)=/ +%. 7,8 52, 92%.523,) (+)( /, *),(92*, -, 52, $# e2.% P2,)% ,. *)3&,)( 52, ,4 ,. b3*?-)(&( (P),93? 24 ,/*,9+=92.( -, .,(4,/ /2,.+(/0 `*2,/ %4+,/ /, *),/,4+%@%4 %+%-(/`0 %. +3,&*( 52, ,. ),' r(9( Y" ,473? 24(/ .%49,)(/ *%)% &%+%).(/O M%&@3C4 ,/( ,4 @2,4% :()% /, 9(4/3,4+%# 1,)( ,. 52, 1(&*,'( P2,)% ,. *)3&,)( ,4 :%@,) (P),93-( ,4 ,. b3*?-)(&( 24% .29:% -, -3,93(9:( ,.,P%4+,/ ,4P),4+%-(/ 9(&( ,4 @%+%..% % 24(/ 9(4-,4%-(/ YD0 N+3,4, 52, 7,) 9(4 434;24% 9(/% @2,4%O J. *)3&,)( -, .% 932-%-%4<% `' ,4+), .(/ %4+3;2(/ *)(:(&@),/ l/,;B4 ,/ P%&%m 24( -, 9%.3-%- -,/+%9%-%` 9(4/3-,)? 24 +3*( -, ,/*,9+=92.( &,&()%@., ,.3&34%) *,)/(4%/ -, 24% &%4,)% 42,7%# Ne, -,!,4-,4O J/ *(9(# NT2,-%4 -,/;%))%-(/O J/ *(9(K R52, .(/ +)3+2), .% &%/% ,4()&, -, .(/ %43&%.,/S ]# d,6() ,)% 52, +%.,/ 9(/%/ 9%',)%4 ,4 (.73-(0 *%)% 52, .2,;( 434;B4 *(-,)(/( %*),4-3,)% '0 *39%-(0 ,&2.%)% 24% %993?4 &2' *(9( :2&%43+%)3%# RZ: 92=4+% 43,@.% *(4, -,.%4+, -, 42,/+)%/ &,4+,/ .% *)(/*,)3-%- ;)%4-,S f. 9),'? ,/+%) ,4+(49,/ *() ,493&% -, .% 4%+2)%.,8%0 %. ,4P),4+%) +%4+%/ 9%+,)7%/ -, :(&@),/ -,/-39:%-(/ % @,/+3%/ 4%93-%/ @%6( (+)( 93,.(0 %. &,+,) ;2,))% ,4+), %43&%.,/ +%4 -3P,),4+,/0 %. -,))%&%) &29:% /%4;), % .% 73/+% -,. *2,@.( )(&%4( %. 52, *)(4+( (@.3;%)<% % -,))%&%) &=/ +(-%7<% -, .% /2'% *)(*3%# J/, &3/&( &=/ +%)-,0 /34 ,&@%);(0 +)%393(4%-( *() .% -,/.,%. F.,6%4-)<%0 /, ,4+),;%)<% %. B.+3&( ,/9.%7(YG *%)% 52, .( +)%/*%/%)%0 9(&*),4-3,4-( %. !4 .% 6%9+%493% 7%4% -, /2 /(@),4(&@),YH#

_# 1,)(0 *%)% ),;),/%) %. *24+( -, -(4-, &, %*%)+C ' &(/+)%) ,4 ,/+% &3/&% & %+,)3% ,. ,/&,)( /2*,)"2( -, %.;24(/0 ,/, &3/&( 34-373-2( 9(4+%@% 52, d,+,.( YY0 92%4-( &%)9:%@% ,4 +)324P( +)%/ -,))(+%) % .(/ 9%)+%;34,/,/ ,4 e393.3%0 P2, ,. B439( ,4+), +(-(/ .(/ )(&%4(/ 52, ..,7? -,.%4+, -, /2 9%))( 93,4+( 7,34+, ,.,;%4+,/ 9%2+37(/L 52, e2.% P2, ,. B.+3&( -, .(/ )(&%4(/ 52, ,4/%49:? ,. *(&,)3( Y\0 ,. 92%. 4249% P2, 9(/+2&@), ,4+), .(/ %4+3;2(/ 52, /, ,4/%49:%)% 9(4 .% %-523/393?4 -, /2,.( *)(73493%.0 /34( 3+=.39(# Ne%@,) ,/+( ,/ &=/ *)(7,9:(/( 52, /%@,) 52, ,. &(4+, F7,4+34(Y] ,/+%@% P2,)% -,. *(&,)3(0 9(&( C. %/,;2)%@%0 *() 24% -, ,/+%/ -(/ )%8(4,/0 @3,4 *()52, .% *.,@, /, ),+3)? %..= Y_0 @3,4 *()52, 92%4-( W,&( ,/+%@% (!93%4-( .(/ %2/*393(/ ,4 ,/, .2;%) 4( .,/ ..,;%)(4 .%/ %7,/Ya0 , 3442&,)%@.,/ 9(/%/ %-,&=/ 52, ( /(4 P%./%/ ( *(9( &,4(/ 52, &,4+3)%/O a# 1()52,0 %2452, 24( %-&3+% 52, ,..(/ -39,4 +(-%/ ,/%/ 9(/%/ -, @2,4% P,0 %2452, ,/9)3@%4 *%)% 3.2/+)%)0 N% 523C4 ),@%6%)=4 /2/ ,))(),/ +%.,/ 9(/%/ /34 ,&@%);(O NF 523C4 ., ),*)3&3)=4 /2/ -,/,(/O NF 523C4 :%)=4 &=/ 7%.3,4+,0 &=/ 62/+(0 &=/ ;,4,)(/(O I2,/+)( %&3;( ^%@3%4( -,9<% -2-%) % 7,9,/ /3 4( /,)<% &,6() 4( %))3&%)/, % 434;B4 ,/+2-3( %4+,/ 52, ,4),-%)/, ,4 ,..(/#

!" $%&'(& )& *+,&-"

N&O)$64 $' P)#O%'7 B4*"#QO'R S ,T#&U'RVW (6)5)$4 +456' *)$'6)W !" ./%0('"-12, 304"56/" 7 8$&'1-","X )Y4 Z:X #[ HHX #49%'*56' FM!F N$'\)77'VW

Dedica tu ocio a conversar con los sabios del pasado

XIV

"# $(/ B439(/ ,4+), +(-(/ 52, ,/+=4 -,/(92*%-(/ /(4 .(/ 52, -,-39%4 /2 +3,&*( % .% /%@3-2)<%# e(4 .(/ B439(/ 52, 737,40 *2,/ 4( /?.( *),/,)7%4 @3,4 /2 C*(9%K ., %Q%-,4 ,. +3,&*( +(-(L /,%4 .(/ 52, /,%4 .(/ %Q(/ 52, %4+,/ 52, ,..(/ :%4 +)%4/92))3-(0 ,..(/ .(/ %-523,),4 *%)% /<# e3 4( /(&(/ &2' -,/%;)%-,93-(/0 %52,..(/ 9,.,@C))3&(/ 34393%-(),/ -, -39+=&,4,/ /%;)%-(/ 4%93,)(4 *%)% 4(/(+)(/0 *),*%)%)(4 .% 73-% *%)% 4(/(+)(/# b%93% @3,4,/ &2' :,)&(/(/ /%9%-(/ -, .%/ +343,@.%/ % .% .28 *() ,. ,/P2,)8( %6,4( 4(/ 7%4 ..,7%4-(L 4( +,4,&(/ 9,))%-( ,. *%/( :%93% 434;24% C*(9%0 4(/ %-&3+,4 ,4 +(-(/ .%-(/ '0 /3 9%@, 9(4 .% ;)%4-,8% -, =43&( +)%/*%/%) .%/ %4;(/+2)%/ -, .% *(52,-%- :2&%4%0 :%' &29:( +3,&*( *() ,. 52, *(-,&(/ *%/,%)4(/# D# J/ *(/3@., -3/92+3) 9(4 e?9)%+,/0 -2-%) 9(4 g%)4C%-,/ \c0 /,),4%)4(/ 9(4 J*392)(0 /2*,)%) .% 4%+2)%.,8% :2&%4% 9(4 .(/ ,/+(39(/0 /%.3) P2,)% -, ,..% 9(4 .(/ 9<439(/# 12,/+( 52, .% 4%+2)%.,8% %-&3+, 52, ..,;2,&(/ % /,) 9(*)(*3,+%)3(/ -, +(-%/ .%/ C*(9%/0 N*() 52C -,/-, ,/+, +)%&( ,/9%/( ' *,),9,-,)( -, +3,&*( 4( 4(/ ,4+),;%&(/ -, +(-( 9()%8?4 % ,/%/ ),%.3-%-,/ 52, /(4 34&,4/%/0 52, /(4 ,+,)4%/0 52, 9(&*%)+3&(/ 9(4 .(/ &,6(),/O

G# f/(/ 52, 9()),4 ,4 &,-3( -, /2/ 9(&*)(&3/(/0 52, /, -,/%/(/3,;%4 % ,..(/ &3/&(/ ' % .(/ -,&=/0 92%4-( '% ,/+C4 @3,4 .(9(/0 92%4-( -<% % -<% :%'%4 ),9())3-( .(/ 2&@)%.,/ -, +(-(/ /34 *%/%) -, .%);( %4+, 434;24% *2,)+% %@3,)+%0 92%4-( :%'%4 ..,7%-( ,4 +()4( /2 34+,),/%-( /%.2-( \" *() .%/ 9%/%/ &=/ %.,6%-%/0 N% 92=4+(/ ,4 9(49),+( *(-)=4 7,) ,4 24% 932-%- +%4 ,4()&, ' -,/;%))%-% ,4+), 34+,),/,/ +%4 -37,)/(/O H# Rg2=4+(/ *() +,4,) /2,Q( ( *() ),;%.(4,/ ( *() -,/9(4/3-,)%-(/ .(/ -,/*%9:%)=4 /34 &=/S Rg2=4+(/ -,/*2C/ -, :%@,).(/ +()+2)%-( .%);( )%+( *%/%)=4 -, .%);( %4+, ,..(/ *),+,>+%4-( +,4,) *)3/%S Rg2=4+(/ ,73+%)=4 %/(&%) *() ,. %+)3( %+,/+%-( -, 9.3,4+,/ ' ,/9%*%)=4 *() .(/ (/92)(/ *%/3..(/ \D -, /2/ &%4/3(4,/ 9(&( /3 4( P2,)% &=/ 34:2&%4( ,4;%Q%) 52, 4( +,4,) ,4 92,4+%S Rg2=4+(/ &,-3( -()&3-(/ *() ,. -,/,4P),4( -, .% 7
Los sabios alargan y enriquecen tu vida

XV

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e(.,&(/ -,93) 52, 4( ,/+27( ,4 42,/+)( *(-,) 52C 9.%/, -, *%-),/ :%@<% -, 9%,)4(/ ,4 /2,)+,0 52, /, 4(/ -3,)(4 *() %8%)# F:()% @3,40 % 4(/(+)(/ /, 4(/ *,)&3+, 4%9,) % 42,/+)( %.@,-)<(# J/+=4 %:< .%/ P%&3.3%/ -, .(/ &=/ 4(@.,/ +%.,4+(/K ,/9(;, ,4 92=. 523,),/ ,4+)%)L +2 %-(*93?4 4( /?.( +, -%)= 24 4(&@), /34( ,/(/ @3,4,/ 62/+%&,4+, 52, 4( :%@)= 52, 92/+(-3%) 9(4 &,85234-%- 43 &%.393%K /, 3)=4 :%93,4-( +%4+( &%'(),/ 92%4+( 9(4 &=/ ;,4+, .(/ 9(&*%)+%/#

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

El aburrimiento del rico

XVI

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

&,-3( .,/ ,/ *,/%-(0 +%4+(0 7%'% 52, /<0 9(&( 92%4-( /, :% %42493%-( .% P,9:% -, 24 ,/*,9+=92.( -, ;.%-3%-(),/0 ( 92%4-( /, ,/*,)% .% 9(47(9%+()3% -, 24 P,/+37%. ( 24% -37,)/3?40 523,),4 /%.+%)/, .(/ -<%/ 34+,)&,-3(/# H# M(-% -3.%93?4 -,. %9(4+,93&3,4+( ,/*,)%-( ,/ *%)% ,..(/ .%);%L ,4 9%&@3( ,/, &(&,4+( 52, -,/,%4 ,/ @),7, ' 7,.(80 ' &29:( &=/ @),7, *() 92.*% -, /2 P%..(L *%/%4 :2',4-( -, 24 /3+3( % (+)( ' 4( *2,-,4 -,+,4,)/, ,4 24 /(.( -,/,(# $(/ -<%/ 4( /(4 *%)% ,..(/ .%);(/0 /34( (-3(/(/L *() ,. 9(4+)%)3( R52C ,/9%/%/ .,/ *%),9,4 .%/ 4(9:,/ 52, *%/%4 ,4 @)%8(/ -, /2/ *2+%/ ( ,4+), 9(*%/S Y# V, %:< 734( +%&@3C4 ,. -,.3)3( -, ,/(/ *(,+%/ 52, %.3&,4+%4 9(4 /2/ P=@2.%/ .(/ ,))(),/ -, .(/ :(&@),/0 *2,/0 /,;B4 ,..(/0 hB*3+,)0 .3/(46,%-( .%/ -,.393%/ -, .% 9(:%@3+%93?40 :38( 52, 24% 4(9:, -2)%)% ,. -(@., \a# NT2C (+)% 9(/% ,/ /34( 34"%&%) 42,/+)(/ 7393(/ ,/( -, *(4,) % .(/ -3(/,/ ,4 .% .3/+% -, /2/ *)(&(+(),/ ' -%) % 42,/+)(/ *%-,93&3,4+(/ .39,493% ,>92/%-% 9(4 ,. ,6,&*.( -3734(O N12,-,4 % C/(/ 4( *%),9,).,/ 9()+
La frustración del poderoso

XVII

"# b%/+% /2/ *.%9,),/ /(4 %/2/+%-38(/ ' /, 7,4 %.+,)%-(/ *() -37,)/(/ +,))(),/0 92%4-( %4-%4 &=/ %.,;),/ /, .,/ 73,4, ,/+, *,4/%&3,4+( %4;2/+3(/(K UNg2=4+( +3,&*( -2)%)= ,/+(OX# 1() 9%2/% -, ,/+, /,4+3&3,4+( .(/ ),',/ *)(+,/+%4 -, /2 *)(*3( *(-,)<( ' 4( .,/ 9(&*.%9, /2 34&,4/% /2,)+,0 /34( 52, ,. !4%. 52, %.;24% 7,8 ..,;%)= .,/ ,/*%4+%# D# g2%4-( *() .(/ ;)%4-,/ ,/*%93(/ -, .%/ ..%42)%/ ,>+,4-<% /2 ,6C)93+(0 /34 %.9%48%) % %@%)9%) /2 4B&,)(0 /34( +%4 /?.( /2/ -3&,4/3(4,/ ]c0 %52,. ),' -, 1,)/3% ]" +%4 34/(.,4+,0 -,))%&? .=;)3&%/ *()52, -,4+)( -, 93,4 %Q(/ 4( 52,-%)<% 434;24( -, +%4+(/ 6?7,4,/]D L *,)( *),93/%&,4+, C/, 52, .(/ ..()%@% 3@% % %9,.,)%) /2 -,/+34( ' /, -3/*(4<% % *,)-,) % 24(/ ,4 ,. &%)0 % (+)(/ ,4 +3,))%0 % (+)(/ ,4 .% @%+%..%0 % (+)(/ ,4 .% ),+3)%-%0 ' ,4 *(9( ,/*%93( -, +3,&*( 3@% % ;%/+%) % %52,..(/ *() .(/ 52, /,4+<% +,&() *%)% -,4+)( -, 93,4 %Q(/# G# NA 9?&( ,/ 52, 349.2/( /2/ ;(8(/ /(4 %/2/+%-38(/O 12,/ *()52, 4( /, %*('%4 ,4 *)3493*3(/ /?.3-(/ /34( 52, /, 7,4 *,)+2)@%-(/ 9(4 ,/% &3/&% P)37(.3-%- 9(4

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Incomodidades y riesgos de un cargo

XVIII

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Invitación a un ocio digno

XIX

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Jubilarse a tiempo

XX X X

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