Smacna Cad Standard

SMACNA CAD STANDARD

SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS’ NATIONAL NA TIONAL ASSOCIATION, ASSOCIATION, INC.

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SMACNA CAD STANDARD

SECOND EDITION – JULY 2001

SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS’ NATIONAL NA TIONAL ASSOCIATION, ASSOCIATION, INC.





































SMACNA CAD STANDARD COPYRIGHT E2001 All Rights Reserved by

SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS’ NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. 4201 Lafayette Center Drive Chantilly, VA VA 20151--1209 20151--1209 Printed in the U.S.A.

FIRST EDITION -- 1996 SECOND EDITION – JULY 2001





































FOREWORD The SMACNA SMACNA CAD STAND STANDARD ARD (SCS), (SCS), formerly formerly called CADD first edition edition,, CADD Symbolsand Symbolsand Layerin Layering g Guideli Guidelines nes in its first embraces the idea that computer-aided design (CAD) has become indispensable to the architecture/ engineering/ construction (AEC) industry. industry. Not only has CAD CAD software improved drafting efficiency and the overall productivity of the construction professional, but now building owners are realizing the potential of automated controls and electronic record keeping and are requesting data in electronic format from construction construction professionals. professionals. Now that they have learned to communicate with the computer, computer, many designers designers and builders are using computers to improve improve communications with each other. In order to share electronic information information efficiently efficiently,, it’s essential essential that all parties parties speak the same language. For members of the endorsing organizatio organizations, ns, it’s important that the mechanical, plumbing, plumbing, and fire protection information information be labeled and located consistently consistently in CAD files so that it is easily found found and manipulated. For building owners and design professionals, professionals, it’s important that such data be consistently consistently stored withintheir withintheir own CAD CAD files files in accord accord with with a mutuallyagree mutuallyagreed d protoco protocoll or standar standard. d. To ensure ensure consist consistencyit encyit is importa important nt to organi organize ze data into into predefin predefined ed “layers “layers”, ”, to apply apply identica identicall graphic graphic symbol symbolss to componen components, ts, and to use consist consistent ent terminology and abbreviations. Standard (NCS) SCS is designed to encourage consistency by building upon the second edition of the National CAD Standard (NCS) published published by the National National Institute Institute of Building Building Sciences Sciences in 2001. NCS incorporates incorporates the the efforts efforts of the American American Institute of Architects (AIA) and its CAD Layer Guidelines as well as the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and its Uniform Drawing System. organization with contributing contributing members on the NCS Committee, Committee, SMACNA SMACNA is System . As an organization committe committed d to improvi improving ng electro electronic nic communic communicatio ation n between between members members of the AEC communi community ty and the overall overall quality quality of their work. In this current edition of SCS, SMACNA has extended NCS by drawing upon the considerable experience of its own CADD Task Task Force. SCS articulates the CAD standards that will enable SMACNA members and the rest of the AEC community community to apply CAD effectively effectively to mechanical, mechanical, fire protection, and plumbing design and construction. construction. This document is available in electronic electronic format by accessing accessing http://www.smacna.org on the Internet. Internet.

SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS’ CONTRACTORS’ NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.





































CADD TASK FORCE Richard E. Brown, Chairman Rabe Environmental Systems, Inc. Erie, Pennsylvania

Roy Jensen MechOne, Inc. Colorado Springs, Colorado

Robert Buckley, Jr. Anderson, Rowe & Buckley, Inc. San Francisco, California

Gary L. Joaquin, Technical Writer JLG & Associates Annandale, Virginia

Ken Castro TRI-C Sheet Metal, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio

G. A. Navas, Staff Liaison SMACNA, Inc. Chantilly, Virginia

FORMER COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS The following individuals individuals and organizations organizations participated participated in the development of the CADD CADD Symbols and Layering Layering st Guidelines, 1 edition.

SMACNA COMPUTER COMMITTEE Gary C. Carvetta, Chairman Triangle Mechanical, Inc.

Mark Allan Siebert Production Services, Inc.

Phillip Gillespie Brad Snodgrass, Inc.

Mark Watson Climate Engineers, Inc.

OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Central Indiana Chapter CAD Users Group Indianapolis, Indiana

Darryl A. McClelland McClelland Consulting

Phillip E. Gillespie, Chairman Brad Snodgrass, Inc.

Rick McKee Brad Snodgrass, Inc.

Gary Baldwin Apex Ventilating Company, Inc.

Robert Overton Indiana Government Center—Public Works Division

Curtis Bond Brad Snodgrass, Inc.

Bill Paradise Apex Ventilating Company, Inc.

Robert L Goshert Simon Property Group, Inc.

Greg Stephens Musset Nicholas and Associates, Inc.

Michael Johnson Brad Snodgrass, Inc.

Loyd Vandagriff Brad Snodgrass, Inc.—Ford Motor Co.







































NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION

1.

DISC DISCLA LAIM IMER ER OF WAR ARRA RANT NTIE IES S

a) The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractor’s National Association (“SMACNA”) provides its product for informational purposes. b) The product contains “Data” which is believed by SMACNA to be accurate and correct but the data, including all information, ideas and expressions therein, is provided strictly “AS IS”, with all faults. SMACNA makes no warranty either express or implied regarding the Data and SMACNA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. c)By usin using g the the datacont datacontai aine ned d in the the produc productt user user acce acceptstheDat ptstheDataa “AS “AS IS” IS” and and assu assume mess all all risk risk of loss,harmor loss,harmor inju injury ry that that may may resu result lt from its use. User acknowledge acknowledgess that the Data is complex, complex, subject subject to faults and requires requires verificat verification ion by competent competent professiona professionals, ls, and that modification of parts of the Data by user may impact the results or other parts of the Data. d) IN NO EVENT EVENT SHALL SHALL SMACNA SMACNA BE LIABLE LIABLE TO TO USER, USER, OR ANY OTHER OTHER PERSON PERSON,, FOR ANY INDIRE INDIRECT CT,, SPECIAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OUT OF OR RELATED TO USER’S USE OF SMACNA SMACNA’S ’S PRODUC PRODUCT T OR MODIFI MODIFICA CATIO TION N OF DAT DATA THEREI THEREIN. N. This This limita limitatio tion n of liabil liabilityappli ityapplies es even even if SMACNA SMACNA hasbeen advised advised of the possibilit possibility y of such damages damages.. IN NO EVENT SHALL SMACNA’S SMACNA’S LIABILITY LIABILITY EXCEED EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY USER FOR ACCESS TO SMACNA’S SMACNA’S PRODUCT OR $1,000.00, $1,000.00, WHICHEVER WHICHEVER IS GREATER, GREATER, REGARDLESS REGARDLESS OF LEGAL THEORY. e) User by its use of SMACNA’s product acknowledges and accepts the foregoing limitation of liability and disclaimer of warranty and agrees to indemnify and hold harmless SMACNA from and against all injuries, claims, loss or damage arising, directly or indirectly, out of user’s access to or use of SMACNA’s product or the Data contained therein.

2.

ACCEPTANCE

This document or publication is prepared for voluntary acceptance and use within the limitations of application defined herein, and otherw otherwiseas iseas those those adopti adopting ng it or applyi applying ng it deem deem appropr appropriat iate.It e.It isnot a safetystand safetystandard ard.. Itsapplicat Itsapplication ion fora specif specificprojec icprojectt is contincontingent gent on a designe designerr or other other authori authority ty defini defining ng a specif specificuse.SMACNAhas icuse.SMACNAhas no power power or authori authority ty to policeor policeor enforc enforcee compli complianc ancee with with the conten contents ts of this this docume document nt or publica publication tion and it has no rolein any repres represent entati ations ons by other other partie partiess that that speci specific fic compone components nts are, are, in fact, in compliance with it.

3.

AMENDMENTS

The Association may, from time to time, issue formal interpretations or interim amendments, which can be of significance between successive editions.

4.

PROP PR OPRI RIE ETAR ARY Y PRODU RODUCT CTS S

SMACNAencourages SMACNAencourages technologic technological al developmentin developmentin the interest interest of improving improving the industry industry for thepublic benefit.SMACNA benefit.SMACNA doesnot, however, endorse individual manufacturers or products.

5.

FORM FORMAL AL INTE INTERP RPRE RET TATION TION





































subjec subjectt to revisi revision on asfurther asfurther experi experienc encee andinvestig andinvestigati ation on may may show show is neces necessar sary y or desira desirable ble.. Constru Constructi ction on andproducts andproducts which which comcomply with with these these Standa Standards rds will will not necess necessari arily ly be accep acceptab table le if, when when examin examined ed and tested tested,, they they arefound to have have other other featur features es which which impair impair the result result contemplated contemplated by these requirements requirements.. The Sheet Metal Metal and Air Conditioning Conditioning Contractors’ Contractors’ National National Associati Association on and other other contribu contributorsassum torsassumee no respons responsibi ibilit lity y andaccept andaccept no liabi liabilit lity y for theapplicati theapplication on of theprinciple theprincipless or techni techniquesconta quescontaine ined d in this this publication. Authorities considering adoption of any standards contained herein should review all federal, state, local, and contract regulations applicable to specific installations. b) In issuing and making this document available, SMACNA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. entity. SMACNA is not undertaking to perform any duty owed to any person or entity to someone else. Any personor personor organi organizat zationusing ionusing this this documen documentt should should rely rely on his, his, heror itsown judgem judgementor, entor, asappropria asappropriate,seekthe te,seekthe adviceof adviceof a compecompetent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance.

7.

REPR RE PRIN INT T PERM PERMIS ISSI SION ON

Non--exclusive, Non--exclusive, royalty--free royalty--free permission is granted to gov ernment and private sector specifying authorities to reproduce only any construction details found herein in their specifications and contract drawings prepared for receipt of bids on new construction and renovation work within the United States and its territories, provided that the material copied is unaltered in substance and that the reproducer assumes all liability for the specific application, including errors in reproduction.

8.

THE SMACNA LOGO

The SMACNA logo is registered as a membership identification mark. The Association prescribes acceptable use of the logo and expressly forbids the use of it to represent anything other than possession of membership. Possession of membership and use of the logo in no way constitutes or reflects SMACNA approval of any product, method, or component. Furthermore, compliance of any such item with standards published or recognized by SMACNA is not indicated by presence of the logo.





































TABLE OF CONTENTS









































































TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii i

TASK FORCE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii CHAPTER 1 1.1 1.2

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 HOW TO USE THIS PUBLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 READER FEEDBACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

CHAPTER 2

LAYER STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14

WHAT ARE CAD LAYERS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 WHY ARE CAD LAYERS IMPORTANT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 A SIMPLER SMACNA CAD LAYER GUIDELINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 BACKGROUND OF THE SMACNA CAD STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 LAYER STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 GUIDELINES FOR LAYER USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 MECHANICAL LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 PLUMBING LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 FIRE PROTECTION LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 DRAWING VIEW LAYER LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 THREE DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 ANNOTATION LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 SAMPLE DRAWING ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 ANNOTATION LAYERS AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11

CHAPTER 3

ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1

CHAPTER 4

DUCT SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1

CHAPTER 5

EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1

CHAPTER 6

CENTRIFUGAL FAN SYMBOLS

61











































































CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION









































































CHAPTER 1 1.1 1.1

HOW HOW TO US USE E THIS THIS PU PUBL BLIC ICA ATION TION

This This publicat publication ion is design designed ed to be an easy to use quick quick reference guide. The information it contains is organized and presented in three discrete categories: layers, abbreviations, and symbols. Chapter 2 describes standard layers based upon the National CAD Standard (NCS) which include many new additions introduced by members of SMACNA’s CADD CADD Task ask Forc Forcee who who part partici icipa pated ted on the the NCS NCS ComCommittee. This flexible standard is well documented and provides provides several concrete examples of efficient efficient layer use. Chapter 3 provides a list of standard abbreviations which which are a combinatio combination n of the abbrevi abbreviatio ations ns found found in SMACNA’s first edition of the CADD Symbols and Layering Layering Guidelines Guidelines and the standard abbreviations listed listed in the Constr Constructi uction on Specif Specificat ication ion Institu Institute’ te’ss Uniform Drawing System, System , part of NCS. Chapters 4 though 9 list standard drafting symbols, grouped by construction construction component category. category. These symbols come from a variety of sources and are now

INTRODUCTION assembled together into one comprehensive source to be used by the mechanical trades. All of the symbol blocks in this publication may be downloaded from http://www.smacna.org. Experienced Experienced CAD users and novices alike can turn to Appendix A for a more complete overview of the requireme quirements nts for implemen implementing ting an offic officee CADstandard. CADstandard. Usefu Usefull checklis checklists ts anda CADdocument CADdocument submitt submittal al form form are provided in the remaining appendices. appendices.

1.2 1.2

READ RE ADER ER FEED FEEDBA BACK CK

The layers, abbreviations, symbols, and protocols described in this book are part of an evolving standard. Users Users are encouraged to offer comments comments and suggestions after they have reviewed and used this material in practice. Please send your feedback to: SMACNA

Attn: SMACNA CAD CAD STANDARD STANDARD 4201 Lafayette Center Drive Chantilly, Chantilly, VA VA 20151-1209





































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CHAPTER 2 2.1 2.1

WHA WHAT AR ARE E CA CAD D LAYE LAYERS RS? ?

One of the best ways to understand CAD layers is to imagine drafting manually on many stacked sheets or layers of transparent acetate. Starting at the bottom of the the pile pile is a laye layerr of acet acetat atee on whic which h only only the the buil buildi ding ng walls walls are drawn. drawn. Follow Following ing an office office standard, standard, the draft drafter er might might place place anoth another er acetat acetatee layer layer ontop ofthat, ofthat, and while seeing through to the wall layer, draw the door swings. Another layer might contain only the air conditi conditionin oning g equipmen equipment. t. When When all the layers layers are stack stacked ed and align aligned, ed, a compl complete ete,, if compl complex ex and crowded, crowded, picture of the entire building is viewed. viewed. Selected layers can be removed and recombined to give an uncluttered uncluttered view of items of particular particular interest. interest. For For example, an HVAC contractor might select only the

LAYERS ings, more accurate bids, reduced construction time and costs, and fewer construction construction errors in the field.

2.3 2.3

A SIMP SIMPLE LER R SMAC SMACNA NA CA CAD D LAYE LAYER R GUIDELINE

The CAD CAD Layer Layer Guideli Guidelinesin nesin this this current current editionhave editionhave been revised and simplified substantially since they were first released in SMACNA’s 1996 edition of the CADD Symbols and Layering Guidelines, Guidelines , and with good reason. After careful examination, SMACNA determined that most of the layers variables defined for material types, classification and gages, and special conditions identified identified in the first edition are more appropriately appropriately stored in CAD drawing drawing files as attribute attribute data and do not necessarily require their own separate





































2.5 2.5

LAYE LAYER R STRU STRUCT CTUR URE E

Recent CAD software releases have supported supported much longer layer names making it easier to recognize the contents of a layer from its name alone. While CAD software software can support support layer names of up to 255 characters, the ultimate limitation is the human interface; CADuserscan onlycomprehendand onlycomprehendand manipul manipulate ate layer layer names names that are of a practical practical length. length. So rather rather than use the maximum number of characters in a layer name, SMACNA has adopted the NCS standard for its brevity, ity, clarity, clarity, and consistency consistency.. SMACNA SMACNA’s ’s layer naming stan standa dard rd uses uses a mini minimu mum m of 6 char charac acte tersup rsup to a maxi maxi-mum of 18 character characters. s. Hyphens Hyphens are inserte inserted d at precis precisee posit positions ions to separat separatee layer layer names names into into logical logical and easieasily readable components as follows:

M HVAC

SDFF SDFF XXXX XXXX N

M-HVAC and P-HVAC. Annotation, *-ANNO-*, is the only major group that is not a building system. It is described separately in section 2.12. Minor Group is an optional four-character field used to further further differentiate differentiate major groups, groups, e.g. the need to separat separatee supply supply and return return ductwor ductwork k results results in the laylayer names names M-HV M-HVAC-SD AC-SDFF FF and M-HV M-HVAC-RD AC-RDFF FF.. While the majority of minor groups modify a specific major major group group,, four four minorgrou minorgroups ps maybe used used tomodify tomodify virtually virtually all of the major groups:

ELEV:

denotes an elevation view, e.g . M-HVAC-ELEV

IDEN:

denotes symbols or text that need to remain on even when text layers are





































2.6 2.6

GUID GUIDEL ELIN INES ES FOR FOR LAYE LAYER R US USE E 1.

2.

Use Use only the the layers layers that your your work work requi requires res.. Develop Develop a list list of standar standard d layers layers for your your practi practice ce by selecti selecting ng layers layers from from the standar standard d lists provided in these guidelines. If you do not find all of the layer names that you need, create create your your own new major major groups groups along along with with new minor group and minor group modifier fields. These guidelines are intended to be flexibl flexiblee and to provid providee a structu structure re from from which which to define new layers. layers. It is impor importan tantt that that each each layername layername fieldhave fieldhave exactly the same number of characters that are specified in this standard, e.g. the major group field must contain four and exactly

for for a majorgrou majorgroup p ora set set ofmajor ofmajor group groups.Des.Develop versions of these script files, one for new construction with its shorter layer list and another for renovation projects with the long longer er laye layerr list list requ requir ired ed to desc descri ribe be construction status, to name but a couple of conditions. Use these scripts in combination to produce produce template template files files for for the simpl simplest est and the most complex projects. projects. Scripts may also be used to add new layers to active projects whose scope has increased. Note that the latest CAD software releases now include menus to develop drawing tem plate files using NCS layers, finally offering a solutio solution n to the proble problem m of creati creating ng drawin drawing g templa template te files files that are are more more efficien efficientt than than







































2 . 4

2.7 2.7

MECH MECHAN ANIC ICAL AL LAYE LAYERS RS

Brine Systems

Chilled Water Systems

M-BRIN M-B M-BRIN RIN-EQ -EQPM M-BRIN-PIPE

Brine system Brin Brinee system stem equi equipm pmen entt Brine system pipi iping

M-CWTR M-CWTR-EQPM

Chilled water system Chilled led wate ater equipment Chil Chille led d water ater pipi piping ng

M-C M-CWTR WTR-PIP -PIPE E

Dust Collection Systems (continued)

M-DUST-EQPM

Dust col collecti ectio on equipment

Elec Electr tric ic Heat Heat Syst System emss

M-EL M-ELHT HT-E -EQP QPM M

Elec Electr tric ic heat heat equi equipm pmen entt

Energy Management Systems

M-ENER

Energy management system Ener Energy gy mana manage geme ment nt equipment

M-EN -ENER-E ER-EQ QPM





































MECHANICAL MECHANICAL LAYERS LAYERS (continued) Fuel Systems (continM-F M-FUEL-S EL-SP PIP ued) Fume Exhaust Systems S M A C

MM-FUME M-F M-FUMEME-DUCT UCT

Fuel uel dis distrib tribut utio ion n suppl upply y piping Fume hood exhaust system Fume ume hood hood exha exhaus ustt ductwork

Laboratory Gas Systems (continued)

M-LGAS-EQPM M-LGAS-PIPE

Labor borato atory gas equipment Labor borato atory gas pipi iping

Machine Shop Systems

M-MACH

Machine shop equipment

Medical Gas Systems

M-MDGS

Medical gas system





































2 . 6

MECHANICAL MECHANICAL LAYERS LAYERS (continuted) Special Mechanical Systems

Test Equipment

M-SPCL

Special system

M-SPCL-EQPM M-SPCL-PIPE

Speci ecial system tem equipment Specia eciall system pipi iping

M-TEST

Test equipment

Steam Systems

M-STEM M-STE -STEM M-CO -CONP M-STE -STEM M-EQ -EQPM M-STEM-HPIP M-STEM-LPIP

Steam system Steam team cond conden enssate ate piping Steam team equi equipm pmen entt High pressure steam eam piping Low press essure steam eam





































2.8 2.8

S M A C

PLUM PLUMBI BING NG LAYE LAYERS RS

Acid Waste Systems

P-ACID P-ACI -ACIDD-EQ EQPM PM P-ACI -ACIDD-PI PIP PE

2.9 2.9 Acid, alkaline, oil waste systems Acid Acid,, alka alkali line ne,, oil oil wast wastee equipment Acid Acid,, alka alkali line ne,, oil oil wast wastee pipi piping ng

FIRE FIRE PROTE PROTECT CTION ION LAYE LAYERS RS

Fire Protection Systems

F-PROT

Fire protection system

F-PROT-ALRM F-PR F-PROT OT-E -EQP QPM M

Fire alar larm Fire Fire prot protect ectio ion n equip equipmen ment, t, e.g. fire hose, extinguisher extinguisher cabinets Smok Smok detect detect s/hea s/heatt

F-PR F-PROT OT-S -SMO MOK K





































2.10 2.1 0

DRA DR AWING WING VIEW VIEW LAYER LAYER LIST LIST

When organizing organizing layers by by drawing drawing type, the the NCS 2.0 provides for the creation of Drawing View Groups DETL, ELEV, and SECT. This four character field may be used as a major group, a minor group, or as a

2.11 2.1 1

THREE THREE DIM DIMEN ENSION SIONAL AL DR DRA AWINGS WINGS

Three-dimensional drawings provide tremendous design and construction construction advantages. Since building a model is just like real construction, it helps tremendously if building system components are organized



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CHAPTER 6 FILE NAME

CENTRIFUGAL FAN SYMBOLS SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

FS001

Arr. Arr. 1 SWSI, SWSI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. Fan wheel overhung, two bearings on base.

FS002

Arr. Arr. 2 SWSI, SWSI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. Fan wheel overhung, bearings in bracket supported by fan housing.

FS003

Arr. Arr. 3 SWSI, SWSI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. One bearing bearing on each side and supported supported by fan housing.

FS004

Arr. Arr. 3 DWDI, DWDI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. One bearing bearing on each side and supported supported by fan housing.

FS005

Arr. Arr. 4 SWSI, SWSI, for direct drive. Fan wheel overhung on prime mover shaft. shaft. No bearings bearings on fan. Prime mover base mounted or integrally directly connected.





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

FS006

Arr. Arr. 7 SWSI, SWSI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. Arrangement Arrangement 3 plus base for prime mover. mover.

FS007

Arr. Arr. 7 DWDI, DWDI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. Arrangement Arrangement 3 plus base for prime mover. mover.

FS008

Arr. Arr. 8 SWSI, SWSI, for belt drive or direct connection. connection. Arrangement Arrangement 1 plus extended base for prime mover. mover.

FS009

Arr. 9 SWSI, for belt drive fan wheel overhung. Two bearings bearings with prime mover outside base.

FS010

Arr. 10 SWSI, for belt drive fan wheel overhung. Two bearings bearings with prime mover inside base.





































FILE NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

FS011

Counter-clockwise top horizontal

FS012

Clockwise top horizontal

FS013

Clockwise bottom horizontal

FS014

Counter-clockwise bottom horizontal

FS015

Clockwise up blast

FS016

Counter-clockwise up blast

FS017

Counter-clockwise down blast

FS018

Clockwise down blast





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

FS019

Counter-clockwise top angular down

FS020

Clockwise top angular down

FS021

Clockwise bottom angular up

FS022

Counter-clockwise bottom angular up

FS023

Counter-clockwise top angular up

FS024

Clockwise top angular up

FS025

Fan with top intake

FS026

Fan with horizontal right intake







































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

FS027

Fan with right angular intake from above

FS028

Fan with right angular intake from below

FS029

Fan with bottom intake

FS030

Fan with horizontal left intake

FS031

Fan with left angular intake from above

FS032

Fan with left angular intake from below










































































CHAPTER 7

PIPING SYMBOLS









































































CHAPTER 7

PIPING SYMBOLS

FILE NAME

SYMBOL

PS001

SERVICE

PS002

SERVICE S

Piping service supply

PS003

SERVICE R

Piping service return

PS004

SERVICE (DETAIL)

Piping service

Piping service detail information

Dashed Dashed line. For additional additional detail use for return, return, condensate, condensate, vent, and underground pipe.

PS005

PS006

DESCRIPTION

1%

Piping pitch

PS007

SERVICE (E)

Existing piping service

PS008

V

PS009

SERVICE (V)

Piping service vent

PS010

SERVICE

Pipe to be removed

Vent







































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS013

BFW

PS014

PC

PS015

VPD

Vacuum pump discharge

PS016

FOS

Fuel oil supply

PS017

FOD

Fuel oil discharge

PS018

FOR

Fuel oil return

PS019

FOV

Fuel oil vent line

Boiler feed water

Pumped condensate condensate or vacuum pump discharge discharge





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS026

MPS

Medium pressure steam

PS027

HPS

High pressure steam

PS028

IA

Instrument air

PS029

VAC

Vacuum service

PS030

RS

Refrigerant service compressor suction (cold gas)

PS031

RL

Refrigerant Refrigerant liquid line

PS032

RHG

Refrigerant Refrigerant hot gas line





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS039

CHWR

PS040

IW

Indirect waste

PS041

CD

Condensate drain line (HVAC)

PS042

HPWS

Heat pump water supply

PS043

HPWR

Heat pump water return

PS044

DTS

Dual temp supply. supply. Two Two pipe heating / cooling supply.

PS045

DTR

Dual temp return. Two pipe heating / cooling return.

Chilled water return





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

PS052

CW

PS053

PS054

HWS

Low Temperature hot water supply (potable/domestic)

Alternate hot water supply

HWR

PS057

PS058

Cold water, city water (potable/domestic)

Alternate cold water

PS055

PS056

DESCRIPTION

Low temperature hot water return (potable/domestic)

Alternate hot water return

G

Natural gas service





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS066

Three-way valve

PS067

Ball valve

PS068

Closed ball valve

PS069

TEXT

General symbol symbol for special valve

PS070

Butterfly valve

PS071

Closed butterfly valve

PS072

Diaphragm valve







































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS079

Pressure regulator, pressure reducing from left to right

PS080

Pressure regulator, back pressure from left to right

PS081

Pressure regulator, differential pressure

PS082

Quick opening valve as used for blow down





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS092

Tee up

PS093

Tee down

PS094

Cross

PS095

Elbow, Elbow, drawn with radius. Either radius radius bend or 90 degree line intersection intersection is acceptable. Show reducing reducing elbows by pipe dimension dimension notation





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS105

Temperature and pressure tap

PS106

Y-type strainer

PS107

Double basket strainer

PS108

PSD

Pipe suction diffuser





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

PS118

Funnel drain

PS119

Shutoff cock

PS120

Pressure gage, with shutoff cock

PS121

Pressure gage with snubber and shutoff cock















































































































CHAPTER 8

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYMBOLS

FILE NAME

SYMBOL

CS001

MCC

CS002

HC

DESCRIPTION

Motor control center

Humidity controller (pneumatic)





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

CS016

FS

Flow sensor (turbine meter)

CS017

H

Humidity sensor (electronic)





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

CS034

MDM

Modem

CS035

STR

Motor starter





































FILE FILE NAME NAME

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

CS052

High limit

CS053

Low limit































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Caution Adopt Adopt a company company CAD Standar Standard d that that will let you work work easil easilyy in your your envir environment— onment—a a stand standar ard d that that will will letyou coordina coordinate te with with yourclients yourclients and other other mem member berss of yourprojyourproject team. A new CAD company should try to adopt a CAD Standard that is similar to those being used around it, particularly particularly if there there is a domin dominantstan antstandar dard d in its its geogra geographi phicc regi region on or area area of speci special aliz izati ation. on. Givenenoug Givenenough h time,a time,a compan company’ y’ss own own CAD staff staff may invent invent the perfect perfect CAD CAD Standa Standard, rd, one that fits fits its staff, staff, its organi organizati zation, on, its internal internal require requirement mentss better better than anything else possibly possibly could. This is no help, though, if the perfect standard is so idiosyncratic idiosyncratic that it won’t let the company communicate or exchange information with anyone else. (The company will also have to pay its staff staff for the time it spends developing this perfect standard .) .) In develo developi ping ng your your CAD CAD Standa tandard rd,, make make it your your goal goal to desi design gn somet somethi hing ng that that lets lets you you work work effec effectiv tively ely,, not just just inter inter-nally nally, but also also with with other other members members of the project project team. team. If If one standar standard d is being being used widely widely in your your area by the the people people you will be teaming with—just adopt it (maybe with a few necessary internal variations) and save yourself a lot of effort, effort, both in development development time and in later coordination. coordination.

A.3.2 A.3 .2

Layer Layering ing Guideli Guidelines nes

These These are covered covered in the CAD CAD Specifi Specificati cation on portion portion of the CAD CAD Standa Standard. rd. You can either either develop develop your your own CADspec (and (and its its includ included ed laye layeri ring ng guidel guideline ines) s) or recei receive ve it as part part of a proje project ct in whic which h you you areaboutto parti partici cipat pate. e. Most Most likel likely y, you will do both in succession—develop your own standards and then have them temporarily (you hope) supplanted by the standards required for your projects.

Caution Implement Implement general purpose purpose or “standard “standard” ” CAD Specifications Specifications thoughtfully. thoughtfully. Don’t Don’t let the fact that they offer an option for every possible possible situation tempt you into an overly-complex implementation. Keep it simp simple. le. In impl implem ement entin ing g a gener general al purp purpos osee CAD CAD spec, spec, use use as fewof itsoptions as each project will allow. Take a close look at the CAD specs specs you receive receive as you plan how to apply them to specific specific projects. projects. Most general general pur pos posee CAD CAD specs specs are far too too long long and contai contain n far too too many many choice choicess to be used used as-i as-iss on anyone projec project. t. The The CAD Layer Layer published ed and revised revised by the Americ American an Instit Institute ute of Archite Architects cts Press Press in 2001, 2001, will will be longe longerr than 40 pages. pages. Guidelines, Guidelines , publish The National CAD Standard fills two thick volumes. Neither of these guidelines necessarily contains more than they should—complex projects need complex data structures, and the developers of these guidelines guidelines meant for them to apply to complex projects and cover a wide range of situations. situations. Therefore, Therefore, the guidelines guidelines do contain more choices than are required for any specific specific project. If some aspect of your project is relatively simple and straightforward, keep the structure of the CAD data for that project segment as simple as you can. Let’s look at how this can work: Example: SMACNA’s CAD Standard Standard lists four layers for diffusers: M-HVAC-CDFF M-HVAC-CDFF HVAC HVAC ceiling ce iling diffusers M-HVAC-ODFF HVAC other diffusers M-HVAC-RDFF M-HVAC-RDFF HVAC HVAC return air diffusers





































A.3.3 A.3 .3

Text Style Style and Size Size

These are also covered by NCS in the Uniform Drawing Standard Drafting Conventions . One One bit of of advice advice about about text styles styles—us —usee the fonts fonts that come with with your your system system wherev wherever er you can and avoid avoid non-stand non-standard ard fonts. fonts. If you develop develop cuscustom fonts fonts or buy fonts fonts from from a third party party and then incor incorpor porate ate them into into your your drawing drawings, s, you you may have troubl troublee passin passing g your your data files files to other other team members members.. There There are ways ways around around these these problems problems,, but whycomplicate whycomplicate things things unneces unnecessar sariily?

Caution Avoidfancy Avoidfancy or custom custom text fonts. fonts. Keepit simple— simple—sti stick ck with with the standa standarrd fonts fonts that come with your CAD system and you will avoid unnecessary coordination problems.

A.3. A.3.4 4

Libr Librar ary y

Your company’s CAD Standard should include provisions for developing a library. One of the most important ways you can improve your productivity productivity with CAD is to let it help you avoid drawing drawing things more than once. A library is the most obvious way to do this.

Caution Develop a CAD library. It will improve your productivity and make your work more consistent. Develop Develop a basic library library when you first first get your system, system, then expand your library library with every project. Use your library. Start your library with: S

Standard sheets with: S

borders borders and title blocks

S

parameter settings settings for units, scales, text heights, etc.

S

layering schemes

S

Standard symbols

S

Standard details

S

Standard data structures for typical project types

S

Custom software—LISP routines, macros, user commands, etc.—that will automate repetitive tasks

Develop a second tier of information that includes files archived from your previous projects from which material might be re-used. When closing out a project, comb the files for material that should be added to your library. Before drawing anything new for the current project, consult your library for guidance or for material that can be re-





































S

harvesting efforts conducted at the end of a project

S

material from your suppliers and manufacturers manufacturers

S

material distributed distributed at the beginning of a project

To maximiz maximizee your your benefit benefit from library library use, use, you must must make make a specif specific ic effort effort to: a) keep keep the library library growing growing and up-toup-todate, b) keep it well organized organized and well documented, documented, and c) make sure your your CAD users are familiar familiar with and actually use the library.

A.3.5 A.3 .5

CAD CA Da and nd the the Proj Project ect Team

Different Different members of the project team will use their CAD systems systems and CAD drawing drawing files in different different ways and for different purposes.

A.3.5.1 A.3.5.1 Desi Designer/E gner/Enginee ngineerr The project designer or engineer uses CAD for several purposes: purposes: S

to develop his own design information information

S

to run calculations when they are required for the design

S

to prepare project contract documents

S

to fulfill fulfill special owner requirements

In a “standa “standard” rd” project project,, the design designer/e er/engin ngineer eer does most most of his CAD CAD work work during during the initial initial project project design design processand processand his CADwork is mostly mostly complete complete before before the contract contractors ors/su /subcon bcontra tractor ctorss become become involved involved in the project project.. Once Once he com pletes pletes his work, work, the design designer/e er/engi ngineer neer has CAD CAD files files that may be made availabl availablee for contract contractors ors/su /subcon bcontra tractor ctorss to use while preparing their own work. The paragra paragraph ph above above said said that the the CAD files files from from the project project desig designer/ ner/engi engineer neer “may be be made availa available. ble.”” This This is not a sure thing and you cannot assume that it will happen. Many designers/engineers are reluctant to pass their design files to a contractor/subcontractor. In the same way, you may be reluctant to pass your own design files back to the general contractor or on to the project owner. owner. The reason for for this this relu reluct ctanc ancee is ofte often n a concer concern n about about liabi liabili lity ty for for thecontent thecontentss of the the file files. s. For For a more more detail detailed ed discus discussi sion on of thes thesee concerns, see Liability on page A.23. The picture changes in a design/build design/build project. In such projects, the team is assembled earlier in the project. In many cases, cases, the the princip principal al project project team members members have have already already been been identif identified ied when when the design design work work begins begins and the contrac contrac-tors/subcontractors will work directly with the designer/engineer during design. The contractors/subcontractors may propos proposee design design ideas, ideas, help evaluate evaluate design design and system system options options,, and provide provide cost estima estimates tes for multipl multiplee options before before final decisions are made. Contractors/s Contractors/subcontr ubcontractors actors may be asked to provide provide some project project systems systems on a design/build design/build basis, in which case they act as their own consulting engineers. Design of the overall project design and sub-systems must be carefully coordinated in such situations (to keep an air distribution system clear of structural members or light fixtures, or example).





































The good news to report is that read only drawing file formats are growing in popularity as well as the inexpensive and frequently free file viewing software software required to read them. Internet-based Internet-based project collaboration collaboration service portals now offer unprecedented new opportunities to exchange information in a timely, responsible, and efficient manner. Test out these new technologies on smaller projects before committing them to larger projects where you have more at risk. Ask the tough questions about Internet security to safeguard your intellectual property. Explore the full scope of the cost of these services, so you do not experience any rude surprises as the size of your project document and drawing database grows. Admittedly, it is always important to proceed with caution into new arenas, however it may be equallyimport equallyimportant ant to avoid avoid lettingexcess lettingexcessive ive caution caution prevent prevent you from from precedin preceding g to findout what what these these newtechnolnewtechnologies can do for you.

A.3.5.2 Contractor/Subcontract Contractor/Subcontractor or The sheet sheet metal metal and air conditi conditionin oning g contract contractor/ or/subc subcontr ontract actor or cannot cannot usually usually start start work work before before receivi receiving ng basic basic design design information from the designer/engineer. This information may include a preliminary specification for the facility or the system the contractor/subcontractor is to provide. It may include a layout for the whole project that will show the contractor/subcontractor just where his installation must fit. In manual drafting drafting days, the contractor/subcontr contractor/subcontractor actor received this information information as written written specs or blueprints. blueprints. Now that that we have have CAD CAD syst systems ems,, you maybe able able to get this this infor informat matio ion n in an electr electron onic ic forma formatt that that will will let you you draw draw your your own work right on top of the designer’s drawing file. This can save you significant time and effort. It can save you money and help you finish your drawings just that much sooner. sooner. When you receive CAD files from other project team members, though, you must determine whether: whether: S

the files reached you on schedule

S

the files were prepared according to the Project CAD Specification Specification

S

the files contain the information information you expected

S

the files contain up-to-date information information

S

whoever provided provided the files warrants warrants that the information contained in them is accurate

Once you receive information from the designer or the general and then do your own CAD work, you may have to pass your CAD files on to other parties. You may have to transfer your files to the general who may plan to use them himself in a project scheduling or project management system or may pass them on to the project owner. You may have to pass your files directly to the owner. owner.

Caution Understand your contractual relationships within the project team. Who do you have a contract with? Who has a contract with you? What do the contracts require? Consid Consider er these these relation elationshi ships ps when when you receive eceive a request equest to deliver deliver electr electroni onicc files files If you do have have a contr contract act with with some someon onee who who makes makes such such a reques equest, t, determ determin inee how how the request request fits into what the contract requir requires es you to do.





































Don’t Don’t send send your your CAD CAD filesto filesto someo someone ne just just becaus becausee they they asked asked for them them.. In doing doing soyou may may be volunt voluntar aril ily y assu assumi ming ng liabi liabili lity ty that that is not incl include uded d in your your contr contract act.. Deli Deliver ver your your CAD CAD file filess only only when when you you are are requi require red d to do so by a contr contracactual relationship relationship or a legal requirement. requirement. Unders Understandyour tandyour contract contractual ual relatio relationsh nships ips.. Who is your your contractwith? contractwith? What What doesyour contract contract requireyou requireyou to deliver deliver?? Suppose Suppose you are the air conditioning conditioning contractor and that your contract is with the general contractor. contractor. What if the plumbing contractor asks for your CAD files? You do not have a contract with the plumbing contractor. You are not receiving any compensation compensation for working with him. Anything Anything you give him is a gift and by giving it you assume assume an undefined liability liability for the content of what you deliver. deliver. You are assuming liability liability that is not required by any written agreement and you are doing it for free! You You have no contractual obligation to the plumbing plumbing contractor and you should not give him anything. Suppose that in the situation above the general contractor asks you to deliver CAD files to a third party. You may not be be requi require red d to make make the the reque request sted ed deliv deliver er,, but but you you want want to be a respo respons nsib ible le team team member member and keep keep the the proj projectmovi ectmoving ng forward. forward. You You will probably end up making the delivery as requested, but here are some suggestions: suggestions: S

S

S

S

Determine Determine whether your contract requires you to make the delivery. delivery. If the deliver delivery y is not required required,, consider consider reques requestingadditio tingadditional nal compens compensatio ation. n. After After all, you will will be doing doing work work that was not included in the original agreement. Deliver the requested material to the general contractor and let him pass it on to the third party. If you can’t do this, this, deliver the the material material with a transmittal transmittal document which states that that you are making the the delivery at the general contractor’s request. Documen Documentt whateve whateverr you deliver deliver.. Pay special special attentio attention n to describ describing ing what what you deliver deliver and its state state of complecompletion at the time time of the deliver delivery y. Do Do not assume assume respons responsibi ibilit lity y for for updating updating the recipie recipient nt on on changes changes that occur occur after delivery.

A.3.5.3 A.3.5.3 Customer/ Customer/Owner Owner The customer/owner may: S

provide CAD files to the project team at the beginning of the design process, or

S

require that the project team deliver CAD files at the end of the project

At project start-up, start-up, the owner may provide files containing containing information information about existing existing project conditions. conditions. This might include: site survey survey data, drawings drawings of existing existing building building conditions conditions in the project area area or existing existing adjacent structures, structures, or drawings from previous project phases (preliminary designs, for example).

Caution Will you be receiving eceiving electr electroni onicc files files from from the projec projectt owner owner or other other projec projectt team member? Don’t Don’t assume anything about how useful the files will be or how much time and money you will save by having these files.







































When you receive such files, you must verify a couple of things. First, First, what is the condition of the electronic files? S

Are they well organized and were they executed carefully? carefully?

S

Are they compatible with your CAD system and easy to read?

S

Do they contain information you can use?

S

Do they contain a lot of other information from which you will have to extract the useful parts?

S

Does the value of the information contained in the files exceed what it will cost you to use them?

Second, Second, is the information contained in the files accurate? accurate? S

Can you rely on the information without having to go to the field and verify it?

S

Is the party who prepared the files available to answer your questions questions about them?

S

Does Does the owner owner warrantthe warrantthe accuracyof accuracyof the informa informatio tion? n? Fewowners Fewowners will will make such such assura assurances nces,, but without without such such a warr warrant anty y, you you mayhave to fiel field d verif verify y every everyth thing ing in the file files. s. This This makes makes the the filesmuch filesmuch less less valua valuable ble..

An owner may require you to deliver files at the end of the project for several reasons: Project Project Archive. Archive. The owner may want to keep CAD files as a project archive. An electronic archive is more volatile than than he may underst understand. and. Electr Electronic onic files files can become become inacces inaccessib sible le and unusable unusable through through deterior deteriorati ation on of magneti magneticc media or through changes in hardware or software.

By the time the owner gets around to trying to use archived CAD files, he may find that he cannot read the files and may then start looking for the “responsible” “responsible” parties. Your Your best protection is to educate the owner before the project starts. starts. If you do not have direct access to the owner, owner, you can only work through channels to spread this information. information. The owner owner maywant to use use the the CAD CAD files files from from your your phas phasee of the the project project to help help impleimpleUse Use in Later Later Projec Projectt Phases Phases.. The ment later phases of the project (furniture and finishes or installation of equipment, for example).

A.3.6

Timing Timing and TimingTiming--Relate -Related d Issues Issues

CAD CAD files files maybe exchan exchanged ged many many times times duri during ng a proj project ect.. With With each each exchan exchange ge you you must must be awar awaree of what what is happen happen--





































A.3.6.1 Pre--Project Pre--Project This occurs occurs before before any project project work starts, starts, or, if you are a sub-contracto sub-contractor, r, before before your part part of the project work work begins. Pre-project Pre-project CAD data exchanges typically typically consist of files you receive from the owner or the general contractor that contain (or are supposed supposed to contain) information information you will need to do your work. In working with such data exchanges, exchanges, you must determine: S

S

S

S

S

you supposed supposed to receive the files? files? Who is responsi responsible ble for When will you receive the files? Exactly when are you providing providing them (get the name of a specific specific person)? If the files are not delivered when scheduled, will you get more time (or money) to complete your work? Who made the files you will receive? Was it the owner, the designer, the general contractor  or maybe a third third party party who who is not not on the proje project ct team? team? Isthere Isthere anyon anyonee you you cancontact cancontact with with your your ques questi tionsabou onsaboutt the the files files  or are you on your own when it comes to using them?

they contai contain n theinform theinformati ation on you you need? need? Dothey conta contain in a lot lot of otherinfo otherinform rmaaWhat do the files What files contai contain? n? Do they tion tion that that you you can’t can’t use? use? How How much much work work will will it requi require re to separ separate ate theuseful theuseful materi material al from from theparts theparts you you can’t can’t use? How were the files made? What was the CAD specification? Was it followed carefully  or will you have to do a lot of editing to get the information you need organized so you can use it conveniently? What is the quality of the files? Are they complete? Are they correct? Will you have to field verify any of the information?

A.3.6.2 A.3.6.2 During During the the Project Project While the project work is going on, there are typically two kinds of CAD file exchanges: S

passing passing files back and forth with other members of the project team for coordination purposes

S

making required progress progress submittals to the project owner or the general contractor contractor

In considering such exchanges, exchanges, determine: determine: S

What is the CAD CAD speci specifi ficat cation ion for for the the filesto filesto be excha exchang nged? ed? Do you you plan plan to folfolProject CAD Specification Specification.. What low your own internal CAD Standard and later translate your CAD files to meet the CAD spec? How much effort will it take for you to make this translation?





































tal is suppose supposed d to review review it in a timel timely y manner manner and notify notify the project project team of any any exceptio exceptions ns taken taken to the preliminary design. On receiving this notification, the project team members can make required changes and proceed with with their work. How can you be sure review and acceptance will be timely? How can you protect yourself from being forced by deadline pressures to proceed with your work before receiving the necessary approval? See Liability on page A.23 for more discussion. S

will own the electr electronic onic files files that that you deliv deliver er to others others?? In the case of coordin coordinatio ation n files files exOwnership. Who will changed with other project team members, this is not a significant issue. issue. It is an issue when design files are passed to the project owner or end user. See the discussion of this issue in the next section.

A.3.6.3 A.3.6.3 Post Project Project These data exchanges are made when everyone’s work is complete and final project documents are prepared. These exchanges usually usually involve involve having project team members pass their files on to the general contractor contractor and then to the project project owner for the owner’s owner’s ultimate use. In making such exchanges, determine. S

Project CAD Specification. What is the CAD specification for the files you will submit?

S

information are you required to submit? Submittal Contents. What specific information

S

S

Acceptance. At what point is the recipient deemed to have reviewed and accepted the files? When are you relieve relieved d of respons responsibil ibilityfor ityfor the content content of the electron electronic ic files?After files?After all,electronic all,electronic files files deterio deteriorate rate overtime and they can be modified without a trace. At some point the recipient must assume responsibility responsibility for maintaining the files and safeguarding safeguarding their contents. See Liability on page A.23 for further information. information.

important issue File Ownership. Who will own the electronic files you deliver to others? This becomes an important with the files that the project owner or end-user receives. Ownership will determine which party can use the information contained in the files and how the files can be used. The electronic files of your CAD drawings are are a databa database se that that is potent potential ially ly much much more more valuab valuable le to the owne ownerr or end-u end-use serr than than your your paper paper draw drawin ings gs ever ever were, so don’t rush to give them away without without compensation. Depending Depending on the specifics of your contract, you can retain retain owners ownership hip of your your files, files, transfe transferr owners ownership hip to the owner owner or end-use end-userr, or establi establish sh a shared shared ownownership of the files.

Thismay Thismay be thetime thetime tomeet withthe withthe clien clientt or end-u end-use serr to deter determi minejust nejust howhe plansto plansto use use your your file filess andthendiscus andthendiscusss how you might work with the files and provide provide additional services. S

will ultimat ultimately ely receive receive yoursubmittal— yoursubmittal—the the general general contract contractor or,, the project project owner owner,, the end The Receiver. Receiver. Who will





































Before Before automati automation, on, much project project inform informatio ation n was passed passed back and forth forth between between project project team members members.. Automat Automation ion and CAD syste systems ms particul particularly arly have made it even easier easier to pass pass informati information on back and forth forth among project project team mem bers and to do it quickly. quickly. The free, rapid flow of information information among project team members can help team members communicate communicate quickly, quickly, and can save save time time and effo effort rt as team team member memberss have have the the infor informat mation ion they they need need instea instead d of havin having g to wait wait for for it, it, and cankeep the project moving forward. forward. The uncontrolled flow of project information among project team members can also pose risks. Without proper control, team members can end up: S

workingwith workingwith datathat is incorre incorrect, ct, notready, notready, unchecke unchecked, d, or forother reasonsshoul reasonsshould d nothave beenexchanged beenexchanged

S

working working with data that represents represents a design alternative alternative rather than the actual design

S

working working with design information that has not been approved approved for release

S

working with outdated information

S

working working with multigenerational multigenerational copies of data files

S

not knowing whether changes were made to the files as these copies were madeInformal information exchanges among project team members can lead to these problems and raise serious liability liability problems.

In a well well-r -run un proje project,data ct,data exchan exchangesbetw gesbetweenthe eenthe team team member memberss areestabli areestablish shed ed in thecontra thecontractsand ctsand are are then then manage managed d careful carefully ly.. The manager manager may be the princip principal al designe designer, r, the general general contract contractor or,, the constru constructio ction n manager manager,, or some some other other par party ty.. Thedata exchan exchange ge manage manager’ r’ss role role mayeven pass pass from from one one party party to anoth another er as the the proj project ect moves moves from from one one phase phase to the next. Without Without effective management management of data exchange within the project team, each team member is on his own. Careful team members will implement their own data exchange management systems and there will be a great deal of duplicated effort. Whether project data exchanges are well managed or not, each project team member must protect himself. His goals should be: S

to use CAD files received received from others only only if he can verify that they contain correct correct and current information information

S

to assure that the information he is using from outside sources is kept current as changes occur





































Caution When you exchange electronic electronic files documentation is critical. critical. Docum Document ent everythi everything ng that that youreceive youreceive andeverything andeverything thatyou giveto anyone anyone else. else. Documentation can help you re-construct events after the fact if questions arise. More immediately, immediately, though, documentation can help you and your project project team to keep track of where where things stand on a day-to-day basis. Let the general (or designated data exchange manager) manage these issues. Let the general keep track of who has received what, when the delivery occurred, percentage completion at the time of the exchange, etc. Let the general act as the data coordinator and traffic cop for the project. Assum Assume, e, then, then, that you have settledthese settledthese contract contractual ual issues issues and are preparin preparing g to exchange exchange CAD files files with with other other mem bers of the project team. Before Before you pass CAD data files to another project team member: S

S

S

S

Determine what you are delivering . What files are included? Which drawings do they include? What were the design assumptions assumptions under which the drawings drawings were made? What is the currency date of the material you are delivering? How complete are the drawings at the time of the exchange. Be sure you deliver only what you intend to deliver. Check your files before you send them. Check all the layer layers/ s/lev levelsand elsand make make certai certain n they they do not not includ includee mater materialthat ialthat you you do notwant to send send—s —such uch as propr propriet ietary ary material, private notes, notes, etc. etc. If you you only want want to deliver deliver part of a file’s contents, contents, write a new file that contains only what you want to send. This simple precaution precaution can save you embarrassment. embarrassment. Document your delivery carefully. Keep a copy of your transmittal and other documents describing exactly what what is being being deliv delivere ered. d. Keep Keep hard hard copiesof copiesof thedrawing thedrawingss includ included ed in the the CAD CAD files files.. Keep Keep copiesof copiesof the the CAD CAD files. Keep a record of who is receiving the delivery and of your relationship relationship with this party (establish (establish why you are making the delivery). List any third parties who you know will be receiving copies or your delivery. Update recipients. Understand that you will want to keep the recipient updated on any changes (the project data coordinator may be responsible responsible for seeing that this happens, but don’t just assume that it will occur).

Whenever you receive CAD data files from another project team member: S

Determine what you have received. What files are included? Which drawings do they include? What were the design assumptions under which the drawings were made? How complete are the drawings at the time of the exchange. Who made the files you have received—the sender, or another party? Much of this may be indicated indicated on the sender’s transmittal, transmittal, but you should verify it anyway







































In this kind of team model, the team members must work cooperatively and interdependently interdependently throughout throughout the life of the project. They must pass a great deal of information information (CAD files and many other things) back and forth during the project and they must be able to rely on the information they receive and stand behind the information they pass to others. This complicates the liability liability picture. It is possib possible le to develop develop a workabl workablee liabilit liability y structu structure re from from the complex complex matrix matrix of relatio relationsh nships ips that constit constitutestoday’ utestoday’ss typical project. Steps toward such a liability structure include: S

project contracts that describe data exchanges between project members

S

who will provide information and who will receive it?

S

how many exchanges will be made?

S

what will be included in each exchange?

S

what is the state of data currency at each exchange?

S

what is the furnisher’s responsibil responsibility ity for the data provided? provided?

S

how can the data be used once it is received?

S

a structure to manage the day-to-day details of data exchange

S

tracking scheduled data exchanges





































A.5

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION,, SUMMAR SUMMARY Y, AND RECOMMEND RECOMMENDA ATIONS

CAD systems offer many potential benefits to SMACNA members. The most obvious benefits are using CAD in-house to produce your own drawings. Select a good CAD system and adopt an in-house project CAD standard similar to those used by your colleagues and you can experience significant gains in productivity productivity as you produce your drawings, drawings, perform design calculations, calculations, generate quantity take-offs, take-offs, etc. You can benefit benefit furtherfrom furtherfrom CADuse when when you receive receive CAD CAD files files from from other other project project team members members.. Using Using this this inforinformation, you can: S

get drawing drawingss of existin existing g site site conditi conditions ons in CADformat(rather CADformat(rather than having having to gather gather the inform informatio ation n and draw it up yourself)

S

learn about the design intentions of other team members

S

perform perform ongoing coordination between your work and that of other team members

In achievin achieving g this this second second tier of benefits benefits,, though, though, you will will encounte encounterr challeng challenges es in the areas areas of data coordin coordinatio ation, n, addiadditional costs, and liability. These These challeng challenges es are best best address addressed ed by project project-wi -wide de effort effortss that begin begin with with the general general contrac contractor tor or the projectowner projectowner.. Lacking such efforts, you must take whatever steps you can to protect yourself (and so must all the other team mem bers). The considerations considerations above relate primarily to automating projects as they are currently currently performed.










































































APPENDIX B

CAD PROJECT SPECIFICATION











































































APPENDIX B

CAD PROJECT SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION -- CHECK LIST

System Elements S

Hardware Definition S

S

Does Does the Projec Projectt CADSpecificat CADSpecification ion require require thatyou usea specifi specificc computer computer hardwa hardware re platfor platform? m? Forexam ple, IBM PC-compatible.

S

Does your computer hardware meet the requirement?

S

Is your computer hardware hardware compatible with the requirement?

Operating System S

S

Does the Project CAD Specification specify the name and version number of the native operating system of the files you will receive? For example, Microsoft Windows 2000. Does it specify the name and version number of the operating system under which the files you deliver will





































Layering/leveling conventions. How must the drawing information be divided into layers? What information goes into which layer? What is the name/number of each layer? S

S

for: assemblies, assemblies, blocks, blocks, cells, details, details, symbols, symbols, etc.? Entity naming conventions. What names must you use for:

Line types, weights, and colors. What line types, weights, and colors must you use? In what circumstances are you required to use them? S

Text fonts fonts and sizes sizes. What line text fonts and sizes must you use? In what circumstances are you required to use them? S

S

library y material materialss must you use? use? How are are you requir required ed to use them? them? Symbo Symbols ls andother library library materia materials ls. What librar

S

standards for the project? Drafting Standards Standards. What are drafting standards

Procedures. Procedures. What are the established procedures for handling the project CAD work? . How many electronic file submittals are you required to make? When













































































































APPENDIX C

THE CAD PROJECT -- CHECK LIST

This checklist checklist does does not contain all the the answers. answers. This would be impossible. impossible. Instead, Instead, the the list list aims to offer offer some some specific specific guidelines, guidelines, and also describe the questions you should ask through the life of a project. project. Once you consider consider these these questions questions and and determine determine the answers, answers, you you can make make decisions decisions about about the project. project. You can decide: S

whether you want to pursue the project at all

S

whether the project material includes all the information information you need

S

whether you should request more information

S

whether you should ask for more time or money to meet some project requirements

PREPRE -- PROJECT S

The Contract







































S

The Project CAD Specification S

S

Is there a Project Project CAD Specification, Specification, or will you have to work with the owner, owner, contractor, contractor, etc. to develop one? (and what will this effort cost?) How different different is the Project Project CAD Specification Specification from the CAD spec you normally use in your practice?





































DURING THE PROJECT S

File Exchanges





































S

As you complete your own work, try to assure that the parties parties who received received your electronic electronic files in interim submittals submittals have received received updates and are using current information. information.

POSTPOST -- PROJECT S

Submittals























































































































































































Smacna Cad Standard

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