Descripción: Kinesiology Skeletal System and Muscle Function
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Kinesiology Skeletal System and Muscle FunctionFull description
Kinesiology Skeletal System and Muscle FunctionFull description
Kinesiology Skeletal System and Muscle FunctionFull description
Kinesiology Skeletal System and Muscle Function
Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Skeletal System
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The format of the A to Z book is to have diagrams with facing pages of text. As far as possible this has been adhered to in this book, but sometimes this has had to be modified. Text details consis...
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The 1. 2. 3.
- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs -for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain - bones act as levers for muscles -calcium & phosphate -hematopoiesis
provides: structural support for the body, attachment points for ligaments and muscles, and Protects the brain, spinal cord and major organs of the chest. The axial skeleton includes bones of the skull, inner ear, chest and spinal column.
located in the mid-dorsal region behind the skull forms the endoskeleton along the longitudinal axis of the body. It consists of 9 signet ring like vertebrae and a long urostyle. the 2nd to 7th vertebrae are complete and more or less similar and hence are called , while the other vertebrae differ from the typical vertebrae as well as from each other.
- articulates with the base of the skull. - is the only cervical vertebra in the frog.
1. Sound enters enters the ear ear via the tympanum tympanum located located at skin skin level level behind behind the eyes which which is the analog of the mammalian ear drum. 2. The tympanum tympanum vibrates vibrates back back and forth forth pushing and and pulling pulling the bone bone against against the fluid fluid filled sacks of the inner ear. 3. This sloshes the fluid back and forth within the inner ear tubes which house the two auditory sensory structures called the amphibian and basiler papillas. 4. This sloshing sloshing fluid fluid bends bends the sensory sensory hairs along along one axis axis so that they they can trigger trigger neural signals which travel to the rest of the brain via the eighth nerve. 5. The Round Round Window Window at the end of the the inner inner ear is another another membrane membrane having the purpose of "giving way" so as to allow fluid sloshing to occur.
Parts of the Appendicular Skeletal System
Pectoral Girdle Forelimbs Pelvic Girdle Hind Limbs
provides a mobile connection of the upper extremity with the torso, based on the attachment of the girdle by several skeletal muscles. The landing of frogs after a leap is cushioned by this structural arrangement.
2 Main Parts:
- Shoulder Bone or Blade. Most of the Shoulder muscles are also attached to this. Largest Bone of the Pectoral Girdle - lateral portion or area above or on the Scapula; protection
2 Main Parts:
– Cranial portion of the Girdle, it is connection of the sternum and the scapula – L-shaped Bones; gives major support and stability to the Pectoral Girdle
1. 2. 3.
; used to walk, swim and jump. Initiates the push-off of a jump. Humerus – Upper Arm Bone Radioulna – Lower Arm Bone Phalanges – Small bones that make up the four digits of the Hand Carpals – Small Bones that make up the Wrist Metacarpals –Rod Shaped Bones of the Hand
which on each side is made up of three fused Bones —absorbs much of the impact of landing after a jump
- Long narrow bones that unite the sacral vertebral to the hip joint. - small bones that form the caudal portion of the pelvic girdle -forms the ventral portion of the pelvic girdle
like the bones of the forelimbs, follow the basic plan of a pentadactyl limb, but with the fusion of the two lower leg bones— the —to form the . Unlike the forelimb, the hind limb has retained the full five digits.
Parts of hind limb bones 1.
– the long bone in the cranial portion of the hind limb,
-extends from its union with the acetabulum at the hip joint to the knee point 1. 2.
1. 2.
– a fused bone that articulates with the femur at the knee joint proximally and with the tarsals at the ankle joint distally - two bones on each hind limb that form the elongated ankle and proximal portion of the foot - medial tarsal - lateral - the five bones of each foot that support the sole of the foot – small bones that form 5 digits on each foot.
The axial and appendicular both make up a frog and human's skeletal system. For a frog, the skeletal system's main function is locomotion and maintaining posture. human and frog skeletal system also protect vital organs the frog does not have any ribs whereas a human does. The frog also has less number of vertebrae, extended pelvic bones, and long bones of the hind legs. The frog skeletal system has l59 and the human has 206. The human's skeletal system is a moveable frame and is an efficient factory for producing red blood cells. The frog's skeletal system also produces red blood cell and all their bones are covered with a membrane called the from which they get their circulation nerves.
Comparison of number of bones in frog to number of bones in a human: Frog / Man Skull: 33 / 22 Middle ear: 2 / 6 Hyoid: 1 / 1 Vertebrae: 9 / 26 Urostyle: 1 / none Sternum: 1 / 1 Ribs: None / 24 Pectoral Girdle: 8 / 4 Forelimbs: 46 / 6 Pelvic Girdle: 6 / 2 Hind limbs: 52 / 60 .
