Sharia 1 Notes (Islamic Law)

LECTURE NOTES IN SHARIAH-I

1

Shariah (Islamic Law) 

 

Shariah-1 - Customary Laws - Prso! so!s a! a!" #am #amil ily y Rlatio!s - Islamic #i #i$hihi (%uris&ru"!c) Shariah -' - ill ills a! a!" Su Succss cssiio! I!tro"uctory (Shariah-1) Thr wr wr  L*al L*al Systms+ Systms+ o!ly , suri". 1/ Hi!"u '/ Chi!s 0/ Roma! oma! L*a L*all Syst Systm m / A!*lica! A!*lica!(E! (E!*lish *lish L*al L*al Systm) Systm) ,/ Islami Islamic c Law Law (Sha (Sharia riah) h)

Ciil Law2Roma! Law (a3a Commo! (a3a Commo! Law)Law)- ma" 4y L*islators - Rul ul o5 soci social al co!" co!"uc uctt - Usu Usually ally acco accom& m&a! a!i i" " 4y 4y a sa!ctio! - 6a! ma" - Pro"uc o"uctt o5 o5 cour courtt "ci "cisi sio o!s Sourcs. star "cisis (Cas Laws)+ 4oo3 o5 authoritis 

Roma! L*al Systm A!*lica!(E!*lish L*al Systm) -Ths two ar ma! ma" Shariah (Islamic Law) -7ii! Ori*i! -i!tr!i!* i! th 5orm o5 a commu!icatio! (8ita4) -it9s :o"9s authori;atio! or &rohi4itio!s co!cr!i!* huma! actio!s o5 ca&a4l &rso!s <6u$alla5= (o5 l*al a*) -sai" to 4 i!>u!c" 4y Roma! Law -4ut i! rality + !r rally i!>u!c" 4caus th Ara4s ha thir laws ?(* Southwst Ara4ia!+ I!tr!atio!al tra"+ &rso!al laws) 

hat ar th similaritis 4tw! Roma! Laws a!" Islamic Law

1/ @ur"! @ur"! o5 Pro Proo5 o5 (Plai! (Plai!tis) tis) '/ A* A* o5 6aBo 6aBorit rity y RLRL- 1'+ 1'+ 1 IL ? 1'+ 1, 0/ Sal Sal a!" @art @artrr RLRLIL

7ir!cs Not. 7owry is a *!ral trm 7owry27owr+ usually 6a! to oma! 1/ '/ 0/ /

Roma! Law. Law. oma! oma!-D -D 6a! 6a! Islamic Islamic Law Law. 6a! -D oma oma! ! 6usl 6uslim im Co" Co" 7owry 7owry RL. RL. oma oma! ! may &titio! &titio! 4y r!ou!ci!* "owry IL.

,/ 7ath / A"o&tio tio! RL. allow" IL. !o such thi!* as a"o&tio! / Tra!s5 ra!s5rr o5 @$u @$ust st

LECTURE NOTES IN SHARIAH-I 

hat is Shariah  Litrally.
I4a"ah. ritual worshi& I4a"at.

'/) To r*ulat th rlatio!shi& 4tw! ma! a!" ma! - 6uamalat or Huma! Tra!sactio!s Not. Alim- si!*ular Ulama- &lural Usta";- si!*ular Asati";- Plural #a$ir - Burists -si!*ular #u$aha-&lural Latr %urists2#u$aha (Cat*orical 6uamalat) , @RANCHES O# SHARIAH a/ I@A7AT ? "otio! to th , &illars o5 Islam 4/ ITIFA7AT-  articls o5 5aith c/ A7A@ ? Islamic Ethics o! EGcll!c "/ 6UA6ALAT- Huma! tra!sactio!s -as&ct o5 5amily rlatio!s -commrcial tra!sactio!s - law o! marria*

'

/ AL UFU@AT AL HU7U7- crimi!al law a!" &u!ishm!t (ART 11-1, S&cic Tra!sactio!s) 

@$ust 4y O&ratio! o5 Law I!hrita!c.
1/ Sharia limits that im&uls o5 *tti!* rythi!* '/ Shar walth Not. Hu3u32aBi4at - Ri*hts a!" O4li*atio!s - To act i! a &rscri4" ma!!r

CLASSI#ICTAION O# RI:HTS 1/ Ri*hts o5 :o" (Hu3u3 ALLAH) '/ Ri*hts o5 6a! (Hu3u3 I4a") 0/ Commo! Ri*hts 0/1 commo! whri! :o"9s ri*hts &rails 0/' commo! whr ri*hts o5 m! &rails RI:HTS O# :O7 

Acts o5 7otio! (, &illars+  articls)

O@LI:ATIONS 

Im&os" 4y Law. Towar" :o" Towar" 6a!


a/ Practici!* o5 Rli*io! 4/ hat ar your o4li*atio!s to your &ar!ts c/ Thos "ri" 5rom 5amily rlatio!s (si" !ots. i! cas o5 a"ultry 5or!icatio!+ Ri*hts o5 :o" &rails+ 4caus &u4lic is at sta3 a!" it mi*ht 4 a &rc"!t)

0

7ON9T 7O IT. !ithr &u!ish"+ !or rwar"" ,/ HARA6 ? &rohi4it" 7O IT. you9r Pu!ish" 7ON9T 7O IT. REAR7E7

#IJE (,) SCHOOLS O# THOU:HT (accr"* to my !ots)

Not. 6is3i! ? &oor #a$ir- "stitut (ry &oor+ "i! a 3aya)

1/) HANA#I '/) SALA#I 0/) SHA#I9I /) 6ALI8I

AJOAL (source Wikipedia)

' 5orms o5 7IJORCE 1/ TALAF '/ %U7ICIAL 7ECREE

CLASSI#ICATION O# LE:AL RULE (Hu3um Shariah) (1)6a!"atory (Ta3li5) ? im&oss "utis2o4li*atio!s (')7clarati (a"9i) 1/ A%I@ (#ar")- o4li*atory 7O it. you9r rwar"" 7ON9T "o it. you9r &u!ish" '/ 6AN7U@2SUNNAH ? "sira4l 7O it. rwar"" 7ON9T 7O IT. !ot &u!ish" 0/ HU@AH ? &rmissi4l 7O IT. may or may 4 "o! 7ON9T 7O IT. Not &u!ish" / 6A8RUH ? a4omi!a4l 7O IT. you9r &u!ish"

•

2.1.1 Schools of Sunni jurisprudence o

Hanafi

o

Maliki

o

Shafiʿ i

o

Hanbali

o

Ẓ āhirī

1) The Hanaf school o thought: Th 5ou!"r is th Prsia! scholar Imam A4u Ha!i5ah al-Nu9ma! i4! Tha4it (A7. KK-)/ His school o5 thou*ht is &ractic" wi"ly i! Southast Asia+ C!tral Asia+ th Caucasus+ th @al3a!s a!" Tur3y/ Th maBority o5 Su!!i 6uslims &ractic th Ha! Buris&ru"!c/ ') The Shaf’i school o thought. Th 5ou!"r is A4u A4"ullah 6uhamma" I4! I"ris al-Sha9i 3!ow!


as Imam Al-Sha9i (A7. -')/ Imam al-Sha9i is also 3!ow! as th <#irst Amo!* E$uals= 5or his Ghausti 3!owl"* a!" systmatic mtho"olo*y to rli*ious sci!c/ A"hr!ts o5 this sct ar mai!ly 5rom th 6i""l East/ 0) The Maliki school o thought. Th 5ou!"r is 6ali3 @i! A!as (A7. 11K,)/ Its a"hr!ts ar mostly 5rom North A5rica+ U!it" Ara4 Emirats+ a!" &arts o5 Sau"i Ara4ia/ ) The Hanbali school o thought. Th 5ou!"r is Imam Ahma" I4! Ha!4al (A7. ?,,)/ Th Ha!4ali Buris&ru"!c is co!si"r" ry strict a!" co!srati/ Th Ha!4ali school o5 Buris&ru"!c is &ractic" mai!ly i! Sau"i Ara4ia+ Fatar as wll as i! &arts o5 Syria a!" Ira$



0/ IBma- co!s!sus o5 Scholars2Commu!ity / Fiyas- Raso!i!* 4y A!alo*y SECON7ARM 1/ Istihsa! (%uristic Pr5r!c) '/ Istislah (Pu4lic I!trst or l5ar) 0/ Istishah (4y Prsum&tio!) / Ur5 ? A"at (customs) Prso!al Laws o5 6uslims -Shariah :oals  S&iritual

im&osi!* limitatio!s ma! is !ot satis" (*r"y) o At th G&!s o5 a!othr o  Ri*hts a!" O4li*atio!s o



Shariah (Islamic Law)



#i$h ? Islamic %uris&ru"!c ? r5rs to th &rocss o5 "rii!* Shariah !orms 5rom th Shariah sourcs (* Fur-a!+ Su!!ah+ IBma+Fiyas a!" othr Su&&ltory Sourcs)



Istisah



Istisa!



IStisha4+ ur5

E!" o5 i3i&"ia i!5o 

7clarati Rul <8illi!*=- Th caus o5 im&osi!* &u!ishm!t is th cut or 3illi!* itsl5 (as lo!* as !ot co!trary to th Phil/ Co!stitutio!)

SOURCES O# SHARIAH (Islamic Law)

SHARIA s/ #IFH

PRI6ARM

Shariah -cors all huma! acts -4oth s&iritual a!" huma! tra!scatio! (muamalat)

1/ Holy Fur-a!- 6uslim9s Holy Scri&tur '/ Su!!ah- Actual Practic o5 Pro&ht 6uhamma" (S/A/)

#i$h -rs o!ly with l*al acts -muamalat o5 mu$ala5 o!ly


- "ii! i9lm -"sti!atio! (hr a!" hra5tr)

- Bu"icial i!5r!c o5 l*al G&rts -tm&oral rm"is 2 &u!ishm!t

,

HISTORM O# 7EJELOP6ENT O# ISLA6IC LA First Period LEGISLATIVE PERIOD

Not.

O4li*atio!s- aBi4at (what th law im&oss)

-rlatio!s -"ii! l*islatio! -Pro&htic (&4uh)9s li5tim -"ir!t as&cts wr outli!" -G&lai!" 4y tra"itio!s -r5rr" i!to him 5or ruli!*

0 RI:HTS

Second Period

Ri*hts- Hu3o4 (4y Com&lli!* to act i! &rscri4" ma!!r

1/ :o" '/ 6a! 0/ 6iG" 1/ 7omi!a!t (:o"9s) wh! '/ 7omi!a!t (6a!9s) wh!

SOURCES O# SHARIAH PRI6ARM (Fur-a! Su!!ah)

-#our Ri*htly :ui"" Cali&hs 1/) A4u @a39r '/) Omar 0/) Uthma! /) Ali -6aBor Co!tri4utio!s A4u @a39r  A"is" 4y I4! 8atha4 to com&il th rlatio!s  ai" I4! Tha4it-
SECON7ARM (iBma (co!s!sus+ u!a!imity) Fiyas (a!alytical)



SUPPLETORM (Istihsa! Istislah Istisha4)



1/ Su!!ah Al Fawli$yali ? statm!ts '/ Su!!ah Al #iliyah ? 7"s 0/ Su!!ah Al Ta$ri!iyah ? tacitly a&&ro" 4y th Pro&ht (* with"rawal mtho")



Prsri!* auth!tic co&y o5 Fur-a! #ou!"r o5 Islamic Stat I!itiat" rst Fa"i2%u"*



7!" &owrs o5 Fa"i

Ali

 

Not. Su&&lm!tary Third Period

1/ Istihsa! (%uristic Pr5r!c) '/ Istislah (Pu4lic I!trst or l5ar) 0/ Istishah (Prsum&tio! o5 co!ti!uity) / Ur5 ? A"at (customary laws)

Um Ayyats (ottoma! m&ir) ? &rio" o5 com&a!io!s a!" succssio!s o5 th Pro&ht

LECTURE NOTES IN SHARIAH-I • •



I!>u!c" a"mi!istratio! o5 laws @i"Qh (i!!oati &ractics)

-a5tr th a4olitio! o5 cali&hat -1K'

Fourth Period

A44assi" Cali&hat -*rat Bustic o5 Islam ( 6a"hali4) (, *rat schools o5 thou*ht) A!o 4a tala*a+ , or  schools o5 thou*ht Ts3 #OUR 6A7HALI@ (schools o5 thou*ht) 1/ HANA#I'/ 6ALI8I -

Seventh Period

Ira$ Fur-a! as @ASIS Istihsa! 6ultitu" #irst to rul o! Fiyas 6a"i!a Tra"itio!alist Ho!sty (3ahit isa la!*)

0/ SHA#II - E*y&t - 6o"ratio! a!" Bu"*m!t

/ HAN@ALI -ry tra"itio!alist - 5u!"am!talist -&i!a* aarala! a!* 4ac3*rou!" !* tra!smittrs Fifth Period

-&rio" a5tr th 5all o5 @a*h"a" -muhaBiri!s thy 5ollow" th iws o5 ori*i!al 5ollowrs Sixth Period

-&rio" o5 th 6u$ali"i! -5ollowrs o5  schools o5 thou*ht -a* o5 th comm!tators

@OO8-I -*!ral &roisio!s -why i!clu"



6a!- 6uslim 6rs- No!-6uslim

-

ca!!ot 4 5ully &ractic" th ow o5 cli4acy To aoi" committi!* cli4acy+ ;i!a+ a"ultry+ 5or!icatio!

REFUISITES. P/7/ 10 6uslim Co" o5 th Phili&&i!s D l*acy o5 Prsi"!t 6arcos D Sc/ 1'+ Art III o5 1K co!sti (4asis) DLocal :ot Co" DShariah 7istrict Courts2Shariah Circuit Courts D%uris Co!sul DS&cial Ruls o5 Proc"ur o5 Shariah Courts DI! cas o5 co!>ict 4tw! P7 10 a!" RA 0K+ it shall 4 li4rally co!stru" to *i 5air a!" raso!a4l i!tr&rtatio! with rs&ct to th o4Bcts a!" ////

• •

Physically t Ca&a4ility to su&&ort 5amily

PURPOSE O# 6ARRIA:E. •

•

•

Pro cratio! or to sta4lish a 5amily+ Cha&/ + rs 1 Holy Fura! To &rotct chastity a!" moral Gcll!c+ cha&/ '+ / 1 cha&/,+ /, To sustai! m!tal &ac a!" tra!$uillity

Not. I! cas o5 i!"i*!ous &o&l (thos muslim o!s+ i! cas o5 co!>ict 4tw! thir ow! I!"i*!ous Act a!" 6uslim Co"+ li4rally co!stru" to i!tr&rt 6uslim Co"/

Au*ust ''+ '1, last mti!* 45or mi"trms 

@OO8-II



Prso!s a!" #amily Rlatio!s





L*al Ca&acity Juridical Capacit ! t!ss -i!hr!t -lost o!ly throu*h "ath Capacit to "ct - th &owr to "o acts with l*al ct

Not. what ar othr "ir!cs o5 ths two

6ARRIA:E IS A SUNNAH ACT ("sira4l act)



#amily Co" &rc"" 6uslim Co" 6arria* is a Su!!ah ("sira4l act) Co!s!t o5 4oth &artis is ss!tial 6arria* is 4oth rli*ious a!" a scular o4li*atio!/

LE:AL CONSEFUENCES O# 6ARRIA:E 1/ 6a3s law5ul th sGual rlatio!shi& 4tw! ma! a!" woma! '/ 6a! is !titl" to "owr Not. ' 5orms o5 "issolutio! o5 marria* i! Islam 1/ 7EATH


'/ 7IJORCE ART 1,+ P7 10 • •

Ru3!- ss!tial lm!t Shart- ss!tial r$uisit

7octri! o5 O&tio! o5 Pu4rty



-3hayr al 4ulu*h 1/ To 4 Grcis" withi!  yars a5tr attai!i!* th a* o5 &u4rty to 4 "o! ithr H or  '/ No co!summatio! o5 marria* 0/ ali is othr tha! th # o5 ##/

Sharia 1 Notes (Islamic Law)

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