LICEO EDUCATIVO BADEN POWELL DAMOS UN PUNTO DE APOYO PARA MOVER EL MUNDO ÁREA: SOCIALES ___________________________PERIODO: PRIMERO NOMBRE DEL ESTUDIANTE: ________________GRADO: SÉPTIMO PROFESORA: Viviana Tafur_____________ Tafur_____________ _______GUÍA N: UNO !No sería hermoso el mundo si las bibliotecas fueran más importantes que los bancos " Mafa#$a Componente
Competenci
Lo!"os
#a (/.u (/.u$i $ian an.( .( -+)* -+)*r( r(n$ n$(r (r3 3 5 Re#ciones con E# #a # $isto"i % # a*r+*iar3 #+/ n(+/ -+n (# *a/a$+ 5 #a/ -u#.ura/ -u#.ura/ 5 *+$r3 u2i-ar/( u2i-ar/( (n (n $i/.in.+/ $i/.in.+/ c&#t&" )+)(n.+/ $(# .i()*+ *ara ana#i7ar #a $iv(r/i$a$ $( *un.+/ $( vi/.a $(/$( #+/ @u( /( ?an (n.(n$i$+ 5 -+n/.rui$+ #a/ /+-i($a$(/1 #+/ -+nf#i-.+/ @u( /( ?an 8(n(ra$+ 5 @u( ?an $(2i$+ (nfr(n.ar1 5 #+/ #+/ .i*+/ .i*+/ $( /a2(r /a2(r(/ (/ @u( @u( $if( $if(r( r(n. n.(/ (/ -u#.ura/ -u#.ura/ ?an *r+$u-i$ *r+$u-i$+ + -+n (# $(v(nir $(v(nir $( #+/ a+/ 5 #+/ /i8#+/&
L+8r+/ $(# /(r I$(n. I$(n.ififii-ar ara a a .rav .rav/ / $(# $(# an3# an3#i/ i/i/ i/ $( .(. .(.+/ +/ #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ ur'$i-a/1 *+#'.i-a/1 /+-i /+-i+( +(-+ -+n0 n0)i )i-a -a// 5 -u#. -u#.ur ura#( a#(// $( #+/ #+/ i)*( i)*(ri ri+/ +/ )($i )($i(v (va# a#(/ (/ *ara *ara r(/a r(/a#. #.ar ar #a inf# inf#u( u(nn-ia ia (n (# $(/arr+##+ (ur+*(+& I$( I$(n. n.ififii-ar ara a #a/ -au/a -au/a// *ara *ara @u( (# i)*( i)*(ri ri+ + r+)a r+)an+ n+ $( +--i +--i$(n $(n.( .( fu(r fu(ra a /+)( /+)(.i.i$+ $+ *+r *+r #+/ 23r2ar+/& L+8r+/ $(# /a2(r C+)*r(n$(r3 #a/ v(n.aa/ na.ura#(/ @u( +fr(-i0 (# -+n.in(n.( (ur+*(+ *ara #a +-u*a-i0n ?u)ana& D(/.a-ar #a i)*+r.an-ia $( C+n/.an.in+*#a -+)+ -(n. -(n.r+ r+ -+)( -+)(rr-ia# ia# 5 -u#. -u#.ur ura# a# $( #+/ i)*( i)*(ri ri+ + Car+#in8i+ 5 Bi7an.in+& L+8r+/ $(# ?a-(r R(a#i7ara R(a#i7ara -+n(.ura -+n(.ura #a/ ra7+n(/ ra7+n(/ @u( ##(var+n ##(var+n a #+/ 23r2ar+/ a inva$ir (# i)*(ri+ r+)an+ a *ar.ir $(# an3#i/i/ $( .(.+/1 *ara (n.(n$(r #a /i.ua-i0n r(a# $( (/.+/ *u(2#+/ fr(n.( a# i)*(ri+&
Ejes temáticos %& GRANDES INVASIONES DE LA EDAD MEDIA
, IMPERIOS MEDIEVALES
%&%& Ca'$a $( I)*(ri+ R+)an+ %&, C+n-(*.+ $( inva/i0n1 23r2ar+& %&4 Cau/a/ 5 (f(-.+/ $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ i nva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/ %&6 In-i$(n-ia $( #a *(/.( (n #a *+2#a-i0n (ur+*(a
,&% I)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+ ,&, Or'8(n(/ 5 U2i-a-i0n ,&4 D(-a$(n-ia 5 fin $(# i)*(ri+ ,&6 Cu#.ura $( Bi7an-i+ ,&9 Cri/.iani/)+ ,& I)*(ri+ Car+#in8i+ ,&; Or'8(n(/ 5 U2i-a-i0n ,&< Di/+#u-i0n ,&= Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+>8(r)3ni-+
GRANDES INVASIONES DE LA EDAD MEDIA EL IMPERIO ROMANO: AUGE Y CAIDA S( ##a)a I)*(ri+ a #a u#.i)a (.a*a $( #a ?i/.+ria r+)ana1 (n #a @u( @u( r+)a r+)a fu( fu( 8+2(r 8+2(rna na$a $a *+r *+r ()*( ()*(ra ra$+ $+r(/ r(/&& E/.+ E/.+// i)*# i)*#an. an.ar+ ar+n n un 8+2i 8+2i(rn (rn+ + a2/+# a2/+#u. u.+1 +1 -+n-(n.ran$+ -+n-(n.ran$+ (n /u *(r/+na .+$+/ #+/ *+$(r(/: *+$(r(/: *+#'.i-+/1 *+#'.i-+/1 )i#i.ar(/1 )i#i.ar(/1 r(#i8i+/+ 5 a$)ini/.ra. a$)ini/.ra.iv+/& iv+/& E/.a (.a*a /( ini-i+ (n (# a+ ,= a&-& -+n (# 8+2i(rn+ $( Au8u/.+ O-.avi+ 5 -+n-#u5+ -+n (# 8+2i(rn+ $(# 1
H#.i)+ ()*(ra$+r r+)an+ R0)u#+ Au8u/.u#+ (n (# a+ 6; $&-& $(2i$+ a #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/ $(# /i8#+ V& E# .(rri.+ri+ $(# I)*(ri+ R+)an+ A2ar-a2a .r(/ -+n.in(n.(/: Sur 5 O(/.( $( Eur+*a1 (# O(/.( $( A/ia 5 (# N+r.( $( Áfri-a& D(n.r+ $( /u/ #')i.(/ @u($ar+n: Bri.ania1 Ga#ia1 E/*aa1 Sui7a1 #+/ *a'/(/ /i.ua$+/ a# /ur $(# Ri+ Danu2i+1 I.a#ia1 Gr(-ia1 Tur@u'a1 A/ia M(n+r 5 (# N+r.( $( Áfri-a& D(/*u/ $( v(n-(r a Mar-+ An.+ni+ (n E8i*.+1 $+n$( r(ina2a C#(+*a.ra1 O-.avi+ @u($+ $u(+ a2/+#u.+ $(# )un$+ r+)an+& (n.r+ .riunfa#)(n.( (n R+)a 51 (n a8+/.+ $(# a+ ,= $&-&1 ?i7+ -(rrar (# .()*#+ $( an+: #a *a7 r(ina2a .ra/ un /i8#+ $( -+n@ui/.a/ 5 8u(rra/ -ivi#(/& E# *u(2#+ 5 (# S(na$+ #( rin$i(r+n 8ran$(/ ?+n+r(/ 5 #( $i(r+n #+/ /i8ui(n.(/ .'.u#+/: I)*(ra.+r1 Gran P+n.'fi-(1 P"'ncipe (e# *(r/+ /+na na /a8r /a8ra$ a$a a 51 *+r *+r H#.i H#.i)+ )+11 C(/a C(/ar1 r1 n+)2 n+)2r( r( $( /u *a$r *a$r( ( a$+* a$+*.i.iv+ v+&& Sen(o1 A&!&st&s*(r En -+n/(-u(n-ia1 -+n/(-u(n-ia1 O-.avi+ O-.avi+ *a/+ a /(r (# p"ime" empe"(o" (e Rom con e# nom)"e (e A&!&sto 1 a/u)i(n$+ .+$+/ #+/ *+$(r(/ 5 afian7an$+ (# $+)ini+1 #a ri@u(7a 5 (# *r+8r(/+ $(# I)*(ri+ R+)an+1 (/.( *(ri+$+ (/ -+n+-i$+ -+)+ JE# Si8#+ $( Au8u/.+J1 fu( #a (.a*a )3/ 2ri##an.( $( #a/ #(.ra/ 5 (# ar.( I)*(ri+ + R+)an+ R+)an+ a#-an7 a#-an70 0 /u )a5+r )a5+r #a.in+& E# I)*(ri
(.(n/i0n a# -+)i(n7+ $(# /i8#+ II $& C 5 $ur0 ,&KK ,&KKK K a+/ a+/&& E/.a E/.a2a 2a $ivi $ivi$i $i$+ $+ (n *r+v *r+vin in-i -ia/ a/11 $ir(-.a)(n.( /+)(.i$a/ a# -+n.r+# $(# E)*(ra$+r 5 $(# S(na$+
A *(/ar $( @u( (n (/.a *+-a a#-an70 /u )3i)+ (/*# /*#(n$+ n$+r1 (i/.'an a#8un+ un+/ *r+2#()a/ *r+2#()a/ 8rav(/ @u( /( fu(r+n a?+n$an$+ a *ar.ir $(# /i8#+ III $& C& É/.+/ fu(r+n: Enemi!os e*te"nos: A*ar(-(n *u(2#+/ @u( a)(na7an #a/ fr+n.(ra/ r+)ana/1 (/*(-i (/*(-ia#) a#)(n. (n.( ( #+/ pe"ss (n #a 7+na $( M(/+*+.a)ia 5 #+/ !e"mnos (n (# Rin& E*cesi+o po(e" (e #os so#((os: E# *(#i8r+ in)in(n.( $( #+/ *u(2#+/ 8(r)an+/ (n #a fr+n.(ra n+r(/.( +2#i80 a R+)a a )an.(n(r (n ar)a/ un (r-i.+ $( )($i+ )i##0n $( #(8i+nari+/ @ui(n(/ -+)(n7ar+n -+)(n7ar+n a u/ar #a fu(r7a *ara n+)2rar a #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ ()*(ra$+r(/ @u( #(/ *r+)(.'an *r+)(.'an fav+r(-(r#+/& fav+r(-(r#+/& E/.+ *r+v+-0 una 8ran in(/.a2i#i$a$ *+#'.i-a& G"n c"isis soci#: E/.a -ri/i/ /( )anif(/.0 *rin-i*a#)(n.( (n #a/ *r+vin-ia/ )3/ a.ra/a$a/ $(# I)*(ri+1 -u5+/ ?a2i.an.(/ #( (i8i(r+n a# 8+2i(rn+ #a .+.a#i$a$ $( #+/ $(r(-?+/ *+#'.i-+/ 5 /+-ia#(/& $(# I)*( I)*(ri ri+ + /( (nri (nri@u @u(-i (-i0 0 )3/ )3/ @u( @u( R&pt&" R&pt&" (e# e,&i#i)"i e,&i#i)"io o econ-mico econ-mico: E# sec secto" to" (e O"ient O"ientee $(# (# secto" Occi(ent#. #+ -ua# *r+v+-0 *r+2#()a/ $(n.r+ $(# I)*(ri+& G"n c"isis econ-mic: S( (#(var+n #+/ i)*u(/.+/ 5 -+n.ri2u-i+n(/& S( (n/a50 #a *#anifi-a-i0n -(n.ra# 5 ri8ur+/a $( #a *r+$u--i0n *(r+ /0#+ *r+v+-0 (# (/.a (/.ann-a) a)i( i(n. n.+ + 8(n( 8(n(ra ra#i#i7a 7a$+ $+&& A*ar A*ar((-(n (n #a in/#ci-n 5 (# (esemp#eo. (# (es)stecimiento1 (# me"c(o me"c(o ne!"o 5 #a espec&#ci-n0 G"n concent"ci-n &")n % 1*o(o "&"# : L+/ ?a2i.an.(/ $(# I)*(ri+ $(an #a/ 7+na/ rura#(/ 5 /( $iri8(n ?a-ia #a/ -iu$a$(/& E# @ui(2r( $(fini.iv+ /( *r+$u+ -uan$+ Teo(osio1 ()*(ra$+r $( +ri8(n (/*a+#1 #(80 (# I)*(ri+ R+)an+1 a# )+rir1 a /u/ $+/ ?i+/& A 2ono"io #( -+rr(/*+n$i0 (# I)*(ri+ I)*(ri+ $( O--i$(n.(1 -u5a -a*i.a# (ra R+)a1 5 a /u /(8un$+ ?i+ . A"c(io. (# I)*(ri+ $( Ori(n.(1 -u5a -a*i.a# (ra C+n/.an.in+*#a1 /i8ui(n$+ $(/.in+/ )u5 $if(r(n.(/& 2
En (# a+ 345 $(/*u/ $( Cri/.+1 (# I)*(ri+ R+)an+ $( O--i$(n.( /u-u)2'a 2a+ #a *r(/i0n $( #+/ !e"mnos1 )i(n.ra/ @u( (# I)*(ri+ R+)an+ $( Ori(n.( /+2r(vivi0 ?a/.a (# a+ 6378 $(/*u/ $( Cri/.+1 a+ (n @u( -a50 (n *+$(r $( #+/ t&"cos0 Au8u/.+ r(in+ -+n a-i(r.+1 *ru$(n-ia 5 u/.i-ia1 .(ni(n$+ (n -u(n.a #+/ in.(r(/(/ $( #a *#(2(1 5 $( #a 2ur8u(/'a& A/i)i/)+1 /( *r(+-u*+ $(# fun-i+na)i(n.+ $(# S(na$+ 5 $( #a/ A/a)2#(a/& ACTIVIDAD 60 EL IMPERIO ROMANO %& Bu/@u( (n #a /i8ui(n.( /+*a $( #(.ra/ #a/ *a#a2ra/ @u( va a u.i#i7ar *ara -+n/.ruir un (/-ri.+ r(f(r(n.( a #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana& %& ,& 4& 6& 9& & ;& <& =& %K& %%& %,& %4& %6& %9& %& %;& %<& %=& ,K& ,%& ,,& ,4& ,6& ,9& ,& ,;& ,<& ,=&
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
4K& __________ 4%& __________ 4,& __________
,& C+n #a/ 4, *a#a2ra/ @u( (n-+n.r0 (n #a /+*a $( #(.ra/1 -+n/.ruir un (/-ri.+ r(f(r(n.( a #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana& R(-u(r$(: S+n 4, *a#a2ra/1 /u2r35a#a/ $( -+#+r r++ 5 (# (/-ri.+ $(2( $( .(n(r )'ni)+ $+/ *3rraf+/ $( -in-+ #'n(a/& 4& C+)*#(.( (# -ua$r+ $( -au/a/ 5 (f(-.+/ CAUSAS Duran.( vari+/ /i8#+/ vari+/ 8ru*+/ ##(8ar+n a #a *(n'n/u#a En #a a#$(a $( #a-i+ /( r(2(#ar+n -+n.ra #+/ (.ru/-+/
E9ECTOS La/ 8u(rra/ *Hni-a/ 5 /u/ .r(/ (.a*a/ A.i#a *(n(.ra (n #a *(n'n/u#a (n 69% In.(8r+ $i+/(/ 8ri(8+/ 5 ar@ui.(-.ura 8ri(8a
La r(*H2#i-a n+ fu( $()+-r3.i-a Mu(r( u#i+ -(/ar
3
6& C+)*#(.( (# /i8ui(n.( (/@u()a& Pu($( -+)*#()(n.ar#+ -+n /u/ a*un.(/ + -+n/u#.( $if(r(n.(/ fu(n.(/& T(n8a *r(/(n.( .+$+/ #+/ $a.+/ r(f(r(n.(/ a# *(ri+$+ ?i/.0ri-+ $( R+)a $(n+)ina$+ i)*(ri+& R(a#'-(#+ /i #+ *r(fi(r( (n una ?+a a*ar.( *ara )a5+r -+)+$i$a$ 5 (/..i-a& SIGLO I A&C
SIGLO I D&C
SIGLO II D&C
SIGLO III D&C
SIGLO IV A&C
SIGLO V D&C
E)*(ra$+r P(r/+na(/ (-?+/ i)*+r.an.(/
EL LEGADO ROMANO En #a *+-a1 @u( $ur0 $(# /i8#+ I a&C& a# /i8#+ IV1 R+)a (.(n$i0 /u $+)ini+ )i#i.ar *+r .+$a #a -u(n-a $(# )ar M($i.(rr3n(+1 (*an$i(n$+ -+n (##+ /u/ -+/.u)2r(/1 /u/ -r((n-ia/ 5 /u i$i+)a1 (# #a.'n& E/.( i$i+)a /( fu( (.(n$i(n$+ a .rav/ $( .+$a #a -u(n-a $(# M($i.(rr3n(+ *+r )($i+ $( /+#$a$+/1 )(r-a$(r(/1 fun-i+nari+/ 5 (/-#av+/ @u( r(-+rr'an #+/ $+)ini+/ r+)an+/& En $iv(r/a/ r(8i+n(/1 -+)+ #a ##a)a$a (n.+n-(/ *r+vin-ia $( i/*ania1 E/*aa1 (# #a.'n fu( (nri@u(-i$+ 5 .ran/f+r)a$+ *+r (# -+n.a-.+ -+n #a/ #(n8ua/ na.iva/1 (-?an$+ a/' #a/ ra'-(/ $( #+ @u( *r+n.+ /(r'a un nu(v+ i$i+)a: (# (/*a+#& E# #a.'n (/ (# +ri8(n $( +.r+/ i)*+r.an.(/ i$i+)a/: fran-/1 i.a#ian+1 $3#)a.a1 (.-& T+$+/ *r+vi(n(n $( #a )i/)a ra'7 r+)ana1 *+r (##+ /+n ##a)a$a/ #(n8ua/ r+)an-(/& La /+-i($a$ r+)ana ?(r($0 .a)2in #a i$(a $( @u( .+$+/ #+/ )i()2r+/ $( una -+)uni$a$ .i(n(n -i(r.+/ $(r(-?+/& E/.+/ $(r(-?+/ /( (*r(/an a .rav/ $( #(5(/& La *ri)(ra r(-+*i#a-i0n $( #(5(/ ?(-?a (n R+)a /( $(n+)in0 J#(5 $( #a/ $+-( .a2#a/J1 *+r@u( (/.a2a in/-ri.a (n $+-( .a2#a/1 -+#+-a$a/ *H2#i-a)(n.( *ara @u( .+$+/ #+/ -iu$a$an+/ *u$i(ran -+n+-(r#a/& A/' -+)(n70 una .ra$i-i0n @u( -u#)in0 -+n #a r(-+*i#a-i0n $( #(5(/ ?(-?a *+r (# ()*(ra$+r u/.inian+1 5a fina#i7a$+ (# i)*(ri+ r+)an+1 ?a-ia (# /i8#+ VI1 -+n+-i$a -+)+ -0$i8+ $( u/.inian+& A/' -+)+ (# $(r(-?+1 #+/ r+)an+/ n+/ $(ar+n -+n+-i)i(n.+/ -i(n.'fi-+/ -+)+ #a )($i-ina& E# )$i-+ $( +ri8(n 8ri(8+1 *(r+ @u( vivi0 (n.r( #+/ r+)an+/ ?a-ia (# /i8#+ II1 Ga#(n+1 (/-ri2i0 vari+/ .ra.a$+/ $( )($i-ina 5 /(n.0 #a/ 2a/(/ $(# -+n+-i)i(n.+ )$i-+ an.( #a/ (nf(r)($a$(/& A $if(r(n-ia $( #+/ )$i-+/ an.(ri+r(/1 @u( a.ri2u'an #a (nf(r)($a$ a /u*(r/.i-i+n(/ 5 -r((n-ia/ r(#i8i+/a/1 Ga#(n+ (/.u$ia2a #+/ /'n.+)a/ $(# (nf(r)+ *ara $(.(r)inar -u3# (ra (# 0r8an+ $aa$+ 5 $($u-ir -+n (##+ #a -au/a $( #a (nf(r)($a$ 5 /u *+/i2#( r()($i+& O.ra fu(n.( i)*+r.an.( $( -+n+-i)i(n.+/ @u( #(8ar+n #+/ r+)an+/ fu( (# (/.u$i+ $( #a f'/i-a1 a*#i-a$a a #a in8(ni(r'a& E##+/ fu(r+n -a*a-(/ $( -+n/.ruir 8ran$(/ -+n$u-.+/ $( a8ua a .rav/ $( va##(/ 5 )+n.aa/: #+/ a-u($u-.+/& A$()3/ -+n/.ru5(r+n 2a+/ $( a8ua -a#i(n.( (n /u/ -iu$a$(/1 (n #a/ @u( .(n'an fu(n.(/ 5 -a)in+/ @u( #+/ -+)uni-a2an -+n -a/i .+$+ (# .(rri.+ri+ @u( $+)ina2an& La a*#i-a-i0n $( *rin-i*i+/ f'/i-+/1 .an.+ *ara #a ?i$r3u#i-a -+)+ *ara #a ar@ui.(-.ura ur2ana1 ##(80 a /u )3i)+ (/*#(n$+r ?a-ia (# /i8#+ I a&C& $uran.( (# 8+2i(rn+ $(# ()*(ra$+r Au8u/.+& Su/ -iu$a$(/ fu(r+n (# )+$(#+ $( )u-?a/ -iu$a$(/ $( Eur+*a 5 $( #u8ar(/ @u( -+n@ui/.ar+n1 a$()3/ )u-?+ $( /u (/.i#+ ar@ui.(-.0ni-+ ##(80 a nu(/.r+ *a'/ -+n (# arri2+ $( #+/ -+n@ui/.a$+r(/ (/*a+#(/ ?a-ia (# /i8#+ VI& D(n.r+ $( .+$a/ #a/ -+/a/ @u( #+/ R+)an+/ $(/-u2ri(r+n ( inv(n.ar+n (i/.(n )u-?a/ @u( ?a/.a nu(/.ra *+-a ?an *(r$ura$+1 ?( a@u' a#8un+/ a*+r.(/ $( (/.a an.i8ua -ivi#i7a-i0n&
4
E# -()(n.+: L+/ r+)an+/ (ran )u5 2u(n+/ -+n/.ru-.+r(/1 (##+/ fu(r+n #+/ @u( inv(n.ar+n (# -()(n.+& E# u/+ $(# -()(n.+ #(/ *(r)i.i0 -+n/.ruir ($ifi-i+/ )u5 8ran$(/1 -+n/.ru--i0n @u( /0#+ #+/ (8i*-i+/ ?a2'an *+$i$+ ?a-(r& L+/ a-u($u-.+/: Un (#()(n.+ @u( u80 un *a*(# )u5 i)*+r.an.( (n #a -u#.ura R+)ana fu( (# a8ua1 $( ?(-?+ /u u/+ (n #+/ $iv(r/+/ 3)2i.+/ -u#.ura#(/ $( #a *+-a $(# i)*(ri+ r+)an+1 inf#u5(n$+ (n #a /a#u$ $( )u-?+/ *u(2#+/ -+n@ui/.a$+& L+/ a-u($u-.+/ fu(r+n una inv(n-i0n r+)ana1 /.+/ (ran -ana#(/ #ar8+/ $( *i($ra/ @u( *(r)i.'an )+vi#i7ar (# a8ua $( un #u8ar a +.r+& E# /u)ini/.r+ $( a8ua (ra n(-(/ari+ *ara #+/ $(/a8(/ 5 #+/ 2a+/ *H2#i-+/ (n -iu$a$(/ 5 *u(2#+/& E# a8ua /( u.i#i7a2a .a)2in *ara #a *r+*u#/i0n $( ru($a/ ?i$r3u#i-a/ @u( )+v'an -a$(na/ ( i)*u#/a2a #a )a@uinaria&
ACTIVIDAD :0 EL LEGADO ROMANO R(/*+n$a #a/ /i8ui(n.(/ *r(8un.a/ .(ni(n$+ (n -u(n.a #a #(-.ura& Ca$a una $( #a/ r(/*u(/.a/ @u( *+/.u#( $(2( $( (/.ar ar8u)(n.a$a *+r /u +*ini0n *(r/+na#1 a*un.(/ 51 *+r /u*u(/.+1 #a #(-.ura& %& !C0)+ #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana +ri8in+ un #(8a$+ .an i)*+r.an.(" ,& !Cu3# (/ (# *rin-i*a# #(8a$+ $( r+)a" /(8Hn #a #(-.ura !*+r @u" 4& !Fu( i)*+r.an.( (# *(n/a)i(n.+ 8ri(8+ (n (# #(8a$+ $( r+)a" !S'" !N+" !P+r @u" 6& !S( *u($( -+n/i$(rar a #a/ -iu$a$(/ r+)ana/ -+)+ un #(8a$+" !S'" !N+" !P+r @u" 9& !E# (/*a-i+ 8(+8r3fi-+ $+n$( /( u2i-+ #a -ivi#i7a-i0n $( r+)a fu( +2/.3-u#+" !S'" !N+" !P+r @u" & !u *+$r'a/ $(-ir $( Ga#(an+ 5 (# ()*(ra$+r au8u/.+" ;& !P+r @u /( -+n/i$(ra (# *a*(# $( #+/ /+#$a$+/ i)*+r.an.( *ara (*an$ir #a/ -+/.u)2r(/ 5 -r((n-ia/ r+)ana/" <& !P+r @u -+n/i$(ra/ @u( (# #(8a$+ $( #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana ?a *(r$ura$+ ?a/.a #a a-.ua#i$a$" =& En -a/+ .a# $( n+ .(n(r .an 8ran$(/ #(8a$+/ #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana !*u($( -+n/i$(rar/( una 8ran -ivi#i7a-i0n" %K& A# -+n+-(r 8ran$(/ a/*(-.+/ $( #a -ivi#i7a-i0n r+)ana !C0)+ /(r'a /u vi$a -+)+ un -iu$a$an+ r+)an+" INVASIONES BÁRBARAS a/.a ?+51 /i()*r( ?a /i$+ *+/i2#( (n-+n.rar (*#i-a-i0n /+2r( (# fin $( R+)a + (-#u/iva)(n.( (n #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/& L+ -i(r.+ (/ @u( #a/ inva/i+n(/ -+)i(n7an )u5 *r+n.+1 5a a )($ia$+/ $(# /i8#+ III1 (# ()*(ra$+r D(-i+1 )u(r( $(f(n$i(n$+ #a/ fr+n.(ra/ -+n.ra #+/ G+$+/ (n ,9%1 5 #u(8+ (# ()*(ra$+r Va#(ri+ (/ -a*.ura$+ *+r #+/ *(r/a/& P(r+1 n+ va a /(r ?a/.a (# a+ 4; 4;<1 -uan$+ #+/ un+/ inva$an #a fr+n.(ra (/.(1 @u( #+/ 8+$+/ r(2a/aran #a/ fr+n.(ra/ $(# i)*(ri+1 #a 2a.a##a $( A$rian0*+#i/ 5 #a )u(r.( $(# ()*(ra$+r Va#(n.(1 inau8ura #a/ inva/i+n(/ $( )an(ra f+r)a# ( irr(v(r/i2#(&
5
D( .+$+/ )+$+/1 a *(/ar $(# *r+#+n8a$+ *(ri+$+ $( *a7 @u( /( ?a2'a $(/arr+##a$+ (n (# I)*(ri+ r+)an+ $uran.( #+/ $+/ *ri)(r+/ /i8#+/ $( nu(/.ra (ra1 /(r3 a *ar.ir $(# 8+2i(rn+ $(# ()*(ra$+r Mar-+ Aur(#i+ -uan$+ a/i/.i)+/ a #a/ *ri)(ra/ inva/i+n(/ $( a#8un+/ *u(2#+/ 23r2ar+/ -+)+ #+/ )auri1 @u( *r(/i+na2an #a/ fr+n.(ra/ +--i$(n.a#(/ $(# I)*(ri+&
L+/ )auri /( (/.a2#(-'an (n (/.( )+)(n.+ (n #a/ )+n.aa/ $(# Rif1 -(r-ana/ a# E/.r(-?+ $( Gi2ra#.ar1 #+ @u( #(/ *(r)i.i0 f3-i#)(n.( inva$ir #a *r+vin-ia r+)ana $( #a B.i-a (n (# /ur $( #a P(n'n/u#a& E# #(8a$+ $( #a B.i-a1 Aufi$iu/ Vi-.+rinu/1 u.i#i70 a #a L(8i+ VII G()ina1 Hni-a #(8i0n (/.a2#(-i$a (n #a P(n'n/u#a (n (/.( )+)(n.+1 *ara r(-?a7ar (/.a inva/i0n& Una /(8un$a in-ur/i0n $( #+/ )auri *ar(-( @u( .uv+ #u8ar ?a-ia (# %;;>%
6
##(8an a i/*ania (n (# 6K= $&C&1 $+n$( /( (/.a2#(-(n -+)+ f($(ra$+/& P+/.(ri+r)(n.( -ru7an (# (/.r(-?+ $( Gi2ra#.ar 5 fun$an (n Áfri-a (# r(in+ v3n$a#+& En.r( (/.+/ *u(2#+/ 23r2ar+/ @u( inva$i(r+n (# I)*(ri+1 fi8urar'an .a)2in #+/ +/.r+8+$+/1 @u( (/.a2an ini-ia#)(n.( a/(n.a$+/ un.+ a# )ar N(8r+& D(/*u/ $( /(r $(/.rui$+ /u r(in+ *+r #a a--i0n $( #+/ ?un+/1 @u( *r+-($'an $( A/ia1 #+/ +/.r+8+$+/ /( $($i-aran a /a@u(ar (# 3r(a $( #+/ Ba#-an(/1 *ara *a/ar fina#)(n.( a #a *(n'n/u#a i.a#iana1 $+n$( /( (/.a2#(-(r3n $(fini.iva)(n.(& En $(.(r)ina$a/ +-a/i+n(/ #a a#ian7a $( (/.+/ *u(2#+/ 23r2ar+/ -+n (# (r-i.+ r+)an+ fr(nar'a a *u(2#+/ (-(*-i+na#)(n.( 2(#i-+/+/ -+)+ #+/ ?un+/ $( A.i#a1 @u( fu(r+n $(rr+.a$+/ (n (# a+ 69% $&C& (n #a/ Ga#ia/1 (n #a 2a.a##a $( #+/ Ca)*+/ Ca.a#3uni-+/& Aun@u( #a *r(/i0n $( #+/ *u(2#+/ 23r2ar+/ /+2r( #a/ fr+n.(ra/ $(# I)*(ri+1 a/' -+)+ #a/ /u-(/iva/ inva/i+n(/ $( (/.+/ *u(2#+/ /+n un fa-.+r ?i/.0ri-+ i)*+r.an.(1 .a)*+-+ *+$()+/ +#vi$ar +.ra/ -au/a/ @u( inf#u5(r+n (n (# fina# $(# I)*(ri+ r+)an+ $( O--i$(n.( -+)+ #a $(-a$(n-ia $( #a vi$a ur2ana1 (# au)(n.+ $( #a 2ur+-ra-ia (/.a.a#1 #a -ri/i/ (-+n0)i-a1 #a $(2i#i$a$ $( #+/ /u-(/iv+/ ()*(ra$+r(/1 + #a -r(-i(n.( *r(/(n-ia $( (#()(n.+/ 8(r)an+/ (n (# (r-i.+& E/ i)*+r.an.( r(/a#.ar @u( (/.a/ .ri2u/ 23r2ara/ (n r(a#i$a$ n+ fu(r+n r(in+/ in$(*(n$i(n.(/ $( R+)a1 /in+ @u( ?i-i(r+n *ar.( $( (##a& La ?i/.+ria #+ -+nfir)a: JLa (.in-i0n $(# *+$(r r+)an+ 5 (# -+#a*/+ $( /u/ (/.ru-.ura/ *+#'.i-a/ n+ /i8nifi-ar+n (# fin $( /u -u#.ura ni #a $(/a*ari-i0n $( /u/ f+r)a/ $( vi$a&&& Cuan$+ #+/ #a7+/ *+#'.i-+/ -+n R+)a /( r+)*i(r+n a -au/a $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/1 a@u(##+/ .(rri.+ri+/ r(-+2rar+n /u (i/.(n-ia in$(*(n$i(n.(1 *(r+ #a/ an.i8ua/ inf#u(n-ia/ -u#.ura#(/ *(r)an(-i(r+n (n #a/ -+/.u)2r(/ 5 -r((n-ia/1 (n #a/ #(5(/ 5 (n #a/ in/.i.u-i+n(/J& Si 2i(n *+$()+/ -+n/i$(rar @u( (# I)*(ri+ r+)an+ $( O--i$(n.( fina#i7a (n (# 6; $&C&1 (n #a 7+na +ri(n.a# $(# I)*(ri+ (# *+$(r $( Bi7an-i+ *(r$urar3 ?a/.a (# a+ %694 -+n #a .+)a $( C+n/.an.in+*#a *+r #+/ .ur-+/&
Consecuencias de las invasiones !"a"as La/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/ /( *r+$u(r+n $uran.( $+/-i(n.+/ a+/ 4; a 9<1 *(ri+$+ $uran.( (# -ua# (# +--i$(n.( $( Eur+*a vivi0 *(r)an(n.()(n.( a7+.a$+ *+r #a 8u(rra& L+/ inva/+r(/ a/+#ar+n #+/ -a)*+/ 5 /a@u(ar+n #a/ *rin-i*a#(/ -iu$a$(/& En (# +r$(n *+#'.i-+1 #a/ inva/i+n(/ *r+v+-ar+n #a $(/.ru--i0n $(# i)*(ri+ $( +--i$(n.(1 .(r)inan$+ -+n #a uni$a$ $( 8+2i(rn+ @u( fu( $uran.( /i8#+/ fa-.+r $( *a7 5 $( *r+/*(ri$a$ (n (# M($i.(rr3n(+& En -a)2i+1 (n #+/ r(in+/ 23r2ar+/ n+ (i/.'a n+-i0n a#8una $( +r$(n1 $i/-i*#ina 5 2u(na a$)ini/.ra-i0n& En (# +r$(n (-+n0)i-+1 #a/ 8u(rra/ -+n.inua/ 5 #a fa#.a $( /(8uri$a$ *r+v+-ar+n #a *ara#i7a-i0n $(# -+)(r-i+ 5 $( #a in$u/.ria a$()3/ $( #a $(-#ina-i0n $( -iu$a$(/& La )+n($a $(/a*ar(-i0 -a/i -+)*#(.a)(n.( -+)+ -+n/(-u(n-ia $( (/.+/ -a)2i+/ (-+n0)i-+/ @u( r($u(r+n #a a-.ivi$a$ ?u)ana a# -u#.iv+ $( #a .i(rra& En (# +r$(n $( #+ -u#.ura#1 #a/ inva/i+n(/ .a)2in *r+$u(r+n una /(n/i2#( r(8r(/i0n& E# r(/*#an$+r $( #a -u#.ura r+)ana (ra #+ 2a/.an.( in.(n/+ -+)+ *ara a.ra(r a #+/ 2ar2ar+/ ( i)*u#/ar#+/ a i)i.ar #a/ f+r)a/ $( vi$a $( #+/ v(n-i$+/1 *(r+ #a -ivi#i7a-i0n 8r(-+#a.ina fu( a/fiia$a *+r #a 2ar2ari7a-i0n $( #a/ -+/.u)2r(/& ACTIVIDAD 80 INVASIONES B;RBARAS %& E#a2+r( un -ua$r+ -+)*ara.iv+ $( #a/ -au/a/ 5 (f(-.+/ $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/& 7
Tri2u
Cau/a/
Ef(-.+/
S(8Hn #a #(-.ura r(/*+n$a: ,& !Cu3# (/ #a i)*+r.an-ia $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/ *ara #a -+nfi8ura-i0n a-.ua# (ur+*(a" 4& !Cu3# fu( #a inf#u(n-ia $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/ (n #a -a'$a $(# I)*(ri+ r+)an+" 6& !Cu3#(/ fu(r+n #a/ -+n/(-u(n-ia/ (-+n0)i-a/1 *+#'.i-a/ 5 -u#.ura#(/ $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/" 9& E#a2+r( un )a*a $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/& & Su2ra5( %K *a#a2ra/ $( .(.+ -u5+ /i8nifi-a$+ n+ -+n+7-a1 2H/@u(#a (n (# $i--i+nari+ 5 (#a2+r( una +ra-i0n -+n -a$a una $( (##a/& ;& R(a#i-( un )a*a -+n-(*.ua# $( #a/ inva/i+n(/ 23r2ara/& <& E#a2+r( una /'n.(/i/ $(# .(.+ (n (# @u( /( (*+n8an #a/ i$(a/ *rin-i*a#(/& =& I)a8in( 5 r(/*+n$a !u *a/ar'a /i C+#+)2ia fu(ra inva$i$+ *+r 23r2ar+/ @u( ##(8ar+n a R+)a"1 !C0)+ r(a--i+nar'a"1 !u ?ar'a" %K& R(a#i-( un $i2u+ $( #a *r(8un.a an.(ri+r a-(r-a $( una inva/i0n 23r2ara (n C+#+)2ia&
IMPERIO BI#AN$INO L+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ $( C+n/.an.in+*#a /i()*r( /( /i8ui(r+n -+n/i$(ran$+ ()*(ra$+r(/ r+)an+/ a)3/ r(nun-iar+n a /u/ $(r(-?+/ /+2r( #a/ *r+vin-ia/ +--i$(n.a#(/ @u( ?a2'an *(r.(n(-i$+ una v(7 a# I)*(ri+ R+)an+& Sin ()2ar8+1 $( ?(-?+ /u au.+ri$a$ @u($0 #i)i.a$a a# I)*(ri+ $( Ori(n.( /i 2i(n #a .ra$i-i0n r+)ana /( )an.uv+ (n #a #(8i/#a-i0n 5 #a/ in/.i.u-i+n(/1 (n (# -ur/+ $( #+/ /i8#+/ /( a-(n.uar+n -a$a vez )3/ #+/ (#()(n.+/ 8ri(8+/ +ri(n.a#(/& La *+2#a-i0n ?a2#a2a #a #(n8ua 8ri(8a& S0#+ ?a/.a (# /i8#+ VII (# #a.'n /( )an.uv+ -+)+ i$i+)a +fi-ia#1 *(r+ #u(8+ fu( r(()*#a7a$+ *+r (# 8ri(8+& L+/ au.+r(/ -#3/i-+/ 8ri(8+/ -+n/.i.u'an #a 2a/( $( #a #i.(ra.ura 2i7an.ina& D(/$( P(r/ia 5 M(/+*+.a)ia /( in.r+$u(r+n -+/.u)2r(/ +ri(n.a#(/ @u( $i(r+n +ri8(n a #a (#a2+ra$a (.i@u(.a (n #a -+r.( i)*(ria#1 #a/ *+)*+/a/ -(r()+nia/ 5 a #a (a#.a-i0n $( #a au.+ri$a$ 5 $( #a fi8ura $(# ()*(ra$+r& E# I)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+ r(-+n+-i0 -+)+ r(#i8i0n +fi-ia# (# -ri/.iani/)+1 *(r+ /.( /( $(/arr+##0 (n f+r)a $if(r(n.( @u( (n O--i$(n.(& La I%lesia Bi&an'ina se se(a"a de Ro)a En O--i$(n.( (# *+$(r $( #a I8#(/ia 5 $(# Pa*a au)(n.0 (n #a )($i$a @u( #a au.+ri$a$ .()*+ra# /( $(2i#i.a2a& En Bi7an-i+ +-urri0 u/.a)(n.( #+ -+n.rari+& E# ()*(ra$+r .uv+ a)*#i+/ *+$(r(/ /+2r( #a I8#(/ia 5 /u au.+ri$a$ )3i)a1 (# Pa.riar-a $( C+n/.an.in+*#a& C+n (# .i()*+ /( *r+$u(r+n $if(r(n-ia/ -a$a v(7 )3/ ?+n$a/ (n.r( #a I8#(/ia #a.ina 5 #a I8#(/ia 8ri(8a& a (n (# a+ 4<% (# Pa.riar-a $( C+n/.an.in+*#a r(-?a70 #a $+-.rina $( @u( (# +2i/*+ $( R+)a .(n'a au.+ri$a$ /+2r( #a I8#(/ia (n.(ra& A #a/ $i/*u.a/ /+2r( (# *+$(r 5 #a uri/$i--i0n /( a8r(8ar+n *+#)i-a/ /+2r( (# $+8)a 5 #+/ ri.+/& L+/ i-+n+-#a/.a/1 #+/ $(/.ru-.+r(/ $( i)38(n(/1 $(nun-iar+n (# -u#.+ $( #a/ /a8ra$a/ i)38(n(/ -+)+ vu(#.a a #a *a8ana a$+ra-i0n $( #+/ '$+#+/& En 8
(# %K96 (# Pa*a L(0n I 5 (# Pa.riar-a Mi8u(# C(ru#ari+ /( (-+)u#8ar+n )u.ua)(n.( 5 /( *r+$u+ #a ru*.ura $(fini.iva& La I8#(/ia (n Ori(n.( /( /(*ar0 $(# Pa*a (n R+)a 5 /( -+n/.i.u5+ #a I8#(/ia 8ri(8a Or.+$+a& El c"is'ianis)o E# (f( r(#i8i+/+ $( #a i8#(/ia 2i7an.ina (ra (# +2i/*+ + *a.riar-a $( C+n/.an.in+*#a& L+/ *a*a/ r(invin$i-ar+n (n /u -a#i$a$ $( /u-(/+r(/ $( San P($r+1 #a $ir(--i0n 8(n(ra# $( #a i8#(/ia -ri/.iana1 fa-u#.a$ @u( n+ #(/ r(-+n+-'an #+/ *a.riar-a/ $( C+n/.an.in+*#a1 a*+5a$+/ *+r #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/& La/ $if(r(n-ia/ (n.r( (# -ri/.iani/)+ +--i$(n.a# 5 (# +ri(n.a# /( ?i-i(r+n -a$a v(7 )3/ /(n/i2#(/ -+)+ -+n/(-u(n-ia $( #a $if(r(n.( (v+#u-i0n -u#.ura# $( Bi7an-i+ 5 $(# +--i$(n.( (ur+*(+& A/'1 #a i8#(/ia 2i7an.ina a$+*.0 *ara /u -u#.+ (# #(n8ua( 8ri(8+ (n .an.+ @u( #a i8#(/ia -a.0#i-a )an.uv+ (# #a.'n -+)+ #(n8ua +fi-ia#& A$()3/1 #a/ ?(r('a/ 5 $i/*u.a/ r(#i8i+/a/ @u( a2un$ar+n (n Bi7an-i+1 5 (n (/*(-ia# (n #a ##a)a$a @u(r(##a $( #a/ i)38(n(/1 -+n.ri2u5(r+n a #a /(*ara-i0n $( #a/ $+/ i8#(/ia/& Bi&ancio "esis'e nu)e"osas invasiones D(/*u/ $( ?a2(r r(-?a7a$+ vi-.+ri+/a)(n.( a #+/ *u(2#+/ 8(r)3ni-+/1 #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ 2i7an.in+/ .uvi(r+n @u( afr+n.ar nu(va/ a)(na7a/& Duran.( #ar8+ .i()*+ #+/ *rin-i*a#(/ a$v(r/ari+/ fu(r+n #+/ *(r/a/1 ?a/.a @u( (n (# /i8#+ VII (# ()*(ra$+r (ra-#i+ *u$+ .riunfar /+2r( #+/ *(r/a/ 5 r(-u*(rar Siria1 Pa#(/.ina 5 E8i*.+& Lu(8+ /ur8i(r+n nu(v+/ *(#i8r+/& L+/ 3ra2(/ )u/u#)an(/ /( a*+$(rar+n $(# n+r.( $( Áfri-a1 $( Pa#(/.ina 5 Siria& L+/ 2H#8ar+/1 un *u(2#+ n0)a$a /i)i#ar a #+/ ?un+/1 inva$i(r+n #+/ Ba#-an(/& P(r+ (# *(+r 8+#*( fu( a/(/.a$+ a Bi7an-i+ -+n +-a/i0n $( #a IV Cru7a$a& L+/ -ru7a$+/1 (n v(7 $( $iri8ir/( a Ti(rra San.a1 /( $(/viar+n ?a-ia Bi7an-i+1 -+n@ui/.ar+n 5 /a@u(ar+n #a -iu$a$ 5 (/.a2#(-i(r+n (# I)*(ri+ La.in+ %,K6>%,%& Fina#)(n.( (# I)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+ *u$+ /(r r(/.aura$+1 *(r+ /in r(-u*(rar /u an.i8u+ vi8+r& La/ #u-?a/ *+r #a /u-(/i0n $(# .r+n+ *r+v+-ar+n #a $ivi/i0n 5 aun #a 8u(rra -ivi#& L+/ fu(r.(/ .ri2u.+/ i)*u(/.+/ *+r #+/ .(rra.(ni(n.(/ *r+v+-ar+n (# $(/-+n.(n.+ 5 #a a2i(r.a r(2(#i0n $( #+/ -a)*(/in+/& La (-+n+)'a $(-a50 5 #a ?a-i(n$a fi/-a# /( arruin0& E# i)*(ri+1 /a-u$i$+ *+r #a/ -a#a)i$a$(/ in.(rna/1 5a n+ /( *u$+ $(f(n$(r -+n.ra #a/ -r(-i(n.(/ a)(na7a/ (.(rna/& D(/*u/ $( @u( #+/ .ur-+/ /(#$5H-i$a/ ?a2'an +-u*a$+ 5a (n (# /i8#+ I *ar.( $(# A/ia M(n+r1 #+/ .ur-+/ +.+)an+/ -ru7ar+n (n %496 (# (/.r(-?+ (n.r( A/ia 5 Eur+*a 5 ()*(7ar+n a +-u*ar #a *(n'n/u#a $( #+/ Ba#-an(/& Fina#)(n.( Bi7an-i+ @u($0 .+.a#)(n.( ai/#a$+& En %694 #+/ )u/u#)an(/ a/(/.ar+n (# 8+#*( fina#& Un (r-i.+ $( %K&KKK 8u(rr(r+/ *u/+ /i.i+ a #a -iu$a$ $(f(n$i$a a*(na/ *+r <&KKK ?+)2r(/& D(/*u/ $( +-?+ /()ana/ $( ?(r+i-a #u-?a #+/ $(f(n/+r(/ /u-u)2i(r+n& E# ()*(ra$+r C+n/.an.in+ I *(r(-i0 -+n /u/ ?+)2r(/1 #u-?an$+ ?a/.a (# fina#& Cul'u"a * sociedad i&an'ina Duran.( un )i#(ni+ Bi7an-i+ fu( (# 2a#uar.( $( #a -ri/.ian$a$ -+n.ra #a/ ?+r$a/ n0)a$a/1 #+/ *(r/a/1 #+/ 3ra2(/ 5 #+/ .ur-+/& Si 2i(n #a -u#.ura 2i7an.ina -ar(-i0 $( #a +ri8ina#i$a$ $( #a/ -u#.ura/ -#3/i-a/ 8ri(8a 5 r+)ana1 fu( una -u#.ura a#.a)(n.( $(/arr+##a$a @u( $uran.( #ar8+ .i()*+ fu( /u*(ri+r a #a -ivi#i7a-i0n $( #a Eur+*a )($i(va#&
9
Bi7an-i+1 /i.ua$a (n.r( Eur+*a 5 A/ia1 fu( (# )3/ i)*+r.an.( -(n.r+ -+)(r-ia# $( #a .()*rana E$a$ M($ia& A Bi7an-i+ a-u$'an -+)(r-ian.(/ $( .+$+/ #+/ *a'/(/& Una )+n($a (/.a2#( 2a/a$a (n (# +r+ fav+r(-i0 (# in.(r-a)2i+& A .rav/ $(# Mar N(8r+1 Bi7an-i+ /( -+)uni-a2a -+n Ru/ia& S( in.(r-a)2ia2an vin+/1 /($a/ 5 +.r+/ *r+$u-.+/ $( #u+ *+r *i(#(/1 *(/-a$+ 5 )i(#& A .rav/ $( #a/ (/.(*a/ 5 #+/ $(/i(r.+/ $( A/ia C(n.ra# #a/ -aravana/ .ra'an (/*(-ia/1 *(rfu)(/1 *i($ra/ *r(-i+/a/ 5 +.ra/ )(r-a$(r'a/ -+$i-ia$a/ $(# L(an+ Ori(n.(& D(/$( Bi7an-i+ #+/ -+)(r-ian.(/ ##(va2an *r+$u-.+/ ar.(/ana#(/ 2i7an.in+/ 5 )(r-a$(r'a/ (.ran(ra/ ?a-ia #+/ *u(r.+/ $(# M($i.(rr3n(+ +--i$(n.a#& E# r(na-i)i(n.+ $(# -+)(r-i+ (n Eur+*a (n (# /i8#+ II /( *r+$u+ (n 8ran *ar.( 2a+ #+/ (/.')u#+/ $(# -+)(r-i+ 2i7an.in+& La/ a-.ivi$a$(/ (-+n0)i-a/ (ran r'8i$a)(n.( -+n.r+#a$a/ *+r #a au.+ri$a$ *H2#i-a& E# E/.a$+ (/.a2#(-'a #a/ n+r)a/ *ara #a in$u/.ria1 fia2a #+/ *r(-i+/ 5 +rna#(/1 -+n.r+#a2a #a/ -+n$i-i+n(/ $( .ra2a+ 5 #a -a#i$a$ $( #+/ *r+$u-.+/ 5 r(8#a)(n.a2a #a (*+r.a-i0n& La in$u/.ria )3/ i)*+r.an.( (ra #a .(.i#& La ar.(/an'a -+n/.an.in+*+#i.ana (ra fa)+/a *+r /u/ .ra2a+/ $( -u(r+1 #a/ )a8n'fi-a/ .a*i-(r'a/ 5 #a/ +5a/ $( +r+ 5 *i($ra/ *r(-i+/a/& La *+2#a-i0n $( Bi7an-i+ (ra $( $iv(r/a/ ra7a/ 5 -u#.ura/1 $a$+ a @u( (n (# i)*(ri+ -+nviv'an *+2#a$+r(/ $( +ri8(n 8ri(8+1 (/#av+1 2H#8ar+1 /iri+1 (n.r( +.r+/1 #+ @u( $a2a un -ar3-.(r )u#.irra-ia#1 /in ()2ar8+1 #a *rin-i*a# -ara-.(r'/.i-a $(# I)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+ (ra (# r(/*(.+ a #a/ $if(r(n-ia/ -u#.ura#(/ $( /u/ ?a2i.an.(/ #+ @u( #+ -+nv(r.'a (n un i)*(ri+ univ(r/a# (n (# @u( .(n'a -a2i$a .+$+ a@u(# @u( a-(*.ara #a/ -+n$i-i+n(/ $(# ()*(ra$+r& A $if(r(n-ia $(# r8i)(n f(u$a# (n Eur+*a O--i$(n.a# 5 C(n.ra# @u( /( -ara-.(ri7a2a *+r #a fra8)(n.a-i0n 5 $i/*(r/i0n $(# *+$(r *H2#i-+1 (# E/.a$+ 2i7an.in+ (/.a2a -+)*#(.a)(n.( -(n.ra#i7a$+& E# ()*(ra$+r 2i7an.in+ 8+7a2a $( un *+$(r a2/+#u.+Q /in ( ()2ar8+1 $( ?(-?+1 /u au.+ri$a$ (/.a2a #i)i.a$a *+r #a .ra$i-i0n 5 #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ )3/ $2i#(/ fu(r+n $+)ina$+/ a )(nu$+ *+r a#8Hn )ini/.r+ *+$(r+/+ + un a)2i-i+/+ *a.riar-a& La a$)ini/.ra-i0n *H2#i-a fu(1 (n 8(n(ra#1 (fi-i(n.( 5 ?+nra$a& Un+ $( #+/ )a5+r(/ *r+2#()a/ *+#'.i-+/ /( $(riv0 $( #a fa#.a $( una /u-(/i0n #(8a# a# .r+n+& La/ $i/*u.a/ *+r #a /u-(/i0n ##(nan #a/ ?+a/ $( #a ?i/.+ria $( Bi7an-i+& D( #+/ %K= ()*(ra$+r(/ @u( ?u2+ (n.r( 4=9 5 %6941 /0#+ 46 )uri(r+n $( )u(r.( na.ura#& La vi$a (n #a -iu$a$ $( Bi7an-i+ (ra a8i.a$a 5 a--i$(n.a$a& E# *H2#i-+ /( (-i.a2a -+n #a/ -arr(ra/ $( -a2a##+/ (n (# ?i*0$r+)+& La/ $i/*u.a/ .(+#08i-a/ /( .ran/f+r)ar+n a )(nu$+ (n vi+#(n.a/ 5 /an8ri(n.a/ ria/& La -ivi#i7a-i0n 2i7an.ina /( (.(n$i0 *+r .+$a Eur+*a Ori(n.a#& L+/ )i/i+n(r+/ *r+*a8ar+n (# -ri/.iani/)+& La (/-ri.ura -ir'#i-a u/a$a (n Ru/ia1 Bu#8aria 5 S(r2ia /( $(riv0 $( #a (/-ri.ura 8ri(8a& En Bi7an-i+ /( -+n/(rv0 (# #(8a$+ $( #a An.i8($a$ -#3/i-a 8ri(8a& S( /i8ui(r+n (/.u$ian$+ #a/ +2ra/ $( P#a.0n 5 Ari/.0.(#(/& F#+r(-i(r+n #a .(+#+8'a 5 #a ?i/.+ri+8raf'a& Pr+-+*i+ (/-ri2i0 una n+.a2#( ?i/.+ria /+2r( (# 8+2i(rn+ $( u/.inian+& Ei/.'an (-(#(n.(/ 2i2#i+.(-a/ *H2#i-a/ 5 *riva$a/& C+n +-a/i0n $(# /a@u(+ $( Bi7an-i+ *+r #+/ -ru7a$+/ (n %,K6 5 #+/ .ur-+/ (n %694 /( *(r$i(r+n innu)(ra2#(/ 5 va#i+/'/i)+/ )anu/-ri.+/& Sin ()2ar8+1 )u-?a/ +2ra/ $( #+/ au.+r(/ -#3/i-+/ /( /a#var+n 5 -+n.ri2u5(r+n a# r(na-i)i(n.+ $( #a/ #(.ra/ (n O--i$(n.( (n (# /i8#+ V& L+/ 2i7an.in+/ fu(r+n n+.a2#(/ ar@ui.(-.+/ 5 #+8rar+n fun$ir #+/ (#()(n.+/ ar@ui.(-.0ni-+/ 8ri(8+/1 r+)an+/ 5 *(r/a/ (n un (/.i#+ +ri8ina#& La -r(a-i0n )3/ i)*+r.an.( fu( #a 2a/'#i-a $( San.a S+f'a& En.r( #a/ ar.(/ $(-+ra.iva/ /( $i/.in8u(n #+/ (/*#n$i$+/ )+/ai-+/ f+r)a$+/ *+r *(@u(+/ .r+7+/ $( *i($ra + vi$ri+ -+#+r(a$+& La/ )ura##a/ 5 -i(#+/ $( #a/ i8#(/ia/ fu(r+n -u2i(r.+/ $( )+/ai-+/ @u( r(*r(/(n.a2an (/-(na/ r(#i8i+/a/&
ACTIVIDAD 30 IMPERIO BI
%& Di2u( un )a*a (n (# @u( i$(n.ifi@u( #+/ #')i.(/ 5 #a/ r(8i+n(/ @u( f+r)ar+n *ar.( $(# i)*(ri+ 2i7an.in+& ,& R(a#i-( un -ru-i8ra)a -+n #a/ /i8ui(n.(/ *a#a2ra/: Bi7an-i+1 i)*(ri+1 -u#.ura1 r(#i8i0n1 8ri(8+1 *a.riar-a1 +r.+$++1 C+n/.an.in+*#a1 +ri(n.a# 5 C+n/.an.in+& 4& E*#i-a #a i)*+r.an-ia $(# i)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+& 6& S(8Hn #a #(-.ura r(/*+n$a !-u3#(/ (ran #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $(# *+$(r r(#i8i+/+ 5 *+#'.i-+ $(# i)*(ri+ 2i7an.in+" 9& E#a2+r( un -ua$r+ -+)*ara.iv+ (n.r( #a r(#i8i0n Ca.0#i-a 5 #a r(#i8i0n Or.+$+a& & E*#i@u( a .rav/ $( un (/@u()a #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $( #a /+-i($a$ 2i7an.ina *u($( /(r un )a*a -+n-(*.ua#1 un )a*a )(n.a#1 un -ua$r+ /in0*.i-+1 (.-& ;& E*#i@u( #a/ -+n/(-u(n-ia/ $( #a/ -+n/.an.(/ inva/i+n(/ a #a/ @u( fu( /+)(.i$+ (# i)*(ri+ Bi7an.in+&
EL SACRO IMPERIO ROMANO+GERMÁNICO En (# a+ <64 )($ian.( (# Tra.a$+ $( V(r$u) /( $ivi$i0 (# I)*(ri+ Car+#in8i+ (n.r( #+/ .r(/ ni(.+/ $( Car#+/ Ma8n+& La Fran-ia Ori(n.a# fu( 8+2(rna$a *+r Lui/ (# G(r)3ni-+ 5 /u/ $(/-(n$i(n.(/ ?a/.a (# a+ =%% $&-&1 -uan$+ a #a )u(r.( $( Lui/1 (# infan.(1 @u( n+ $(+ ?(r($(r+/& L+/ 8ran$(/ n+2#(/ a#()an(/ fun$ar+n (n.+n-(/ (# R(in+ G(r)3ni-+1 -+n )+nar@u'a (#(-.iva1 $+n$( 6 $u@u(/ > $( Sa+nia1 Fran-+nia1 Sua2ia 5 Bavi(ra> (#(8ir'an a un+ $( (##+/ *ara +-u*ar (# .r+n+& E/a f+r)a-i0n )+n3r@ui-a (#(-.iva1 2u/-a2a #a a#ian7a $( 8ran$(/ /(+r(/ f(u$a#(/ a#()an(/1 *rin-i*a#)(n.( (n -a/+ $( 8u(rra -+n.ra #+/ inva/+r(/& E# ()*(ra$+r r(*r(/(n.a2a a .+$+/ #+/ r(in+/1 *(r+ -a$a un+ )an.(n'a (# *+$(r f(u$a# /+2r( /u/ .(rri.+ri+/& ,o")aci-n del .SIRG. E# *r+-(/+ $( f+r)a-i0n $(# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+ (/.3 a/+-ia$+ -+n #a *+#'.i-a $( -(n.ra#i7a-i0n (n #a r(8i0n& O.0n I fu( (#(-.+ ()*(ra$+r (n (# a+ =4 5 $uran.( /u r(ina$+ -+)an$+ #+/ (r-i.+/ @u( $(rr+.ar+n a #+/ ?Hn8ar+/1 8aran.i73n$+/( a/' *r(/.i8i+ 5 8ran inf#u(n-ia1 (n /u r(#a-i0n -+n #+/ n+2#(/ a#()an(/ 5 -+n #a I8#(/ia Ca.0#i-a1 a #a -ua# $(f(n$'a1 $(/*u/ $( @u( fu(ra n+)2ra$+ /a8ra$+ ()*(ra$+r *+r (# Pa*a (n (# a+ =,& E/ a/' -+)+ na-i0 (# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+& $e""i'o"io inicial del Sac"o I)(e"io Ro)ano Ge")!nico La -(n.ra#i7a-i0n *+#'.i-a *r+)+vi$a *+r (# ()*(ra$+r O.0n I -?+-0 -+n.ra #+/ in.(r(/(/ $( #a n+2#(7a f(u$a#& Para *+$(r a)*#iar /u *+$(r O.0n I 5 /u/ /u-(/+r(/ .uvi(r+n @u( ((-u.ar una )a5+r in.(rv(n-i0n -+n #a I8#(/ia1 fun$an$+ i8#(/ia/ 5 a2a$'a/1 -+n-($in$+#(/ a$()3/ a #+/ nu(v+/ r(#i8i+/+/ .an.+ (# *+$(r r(#i8i+/+ -+)+ (# *+$(r *+#'.i-+ (n #a r(8i0n& Na-'a a/' un *r+-(/+ $(n+)ina$+ JInv(/.i$ura Lai-aJ @u( )ar-ar'a (# -+n.r+# $( #a I8#(/ia Ca.0#i-a (n 8ran$(/ r(8i+n(/ -+)+ un v(r$a$(r+ (/.a$+ C(/ar+*a*i/)+ r(/*+n/a2#( $(# /ur8i)i(n.+ $( Ni-+#ai/)+ 5 $( #a Si)+n'a& E/.a /i.ua-i0n fu( #a -au/an.( $( #a u(r(##a $( Inv(/.i$ura/1 $i/*u.a *+#'.i-a>r(#i8i+/a (n.r( (# E)*(ra$+r 5 (# Pa*a1 /+2r( a @uin #( *(r.(n(-'a (# $(r(-?+ $( n+)2ra)i(n.+ $( #+/ -ar8+/ (-#(/i3/.i-+/& La $i/*u.a -+n-#uir'a (n (# a+ %%,, -+n (# C+n-+r$a.+ $( +r)/& JE# /i/.()a i)*#an.a$+ *+r #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ /u-(/+r(/ $( O.0n I ##(8ar'a a /u fin& L+/ +2i/*+/ n+ /(rian )3/ fun-i+nari+/ $(# E/.a$+ + va/a##+/ $(# i)*(ri+&&& -+)(n7ar'a (# *(ri+$+ $( /u*r()a-'a $(# *+$(r *a*a# /+2r( (# *+$(r *+#'.i-+ $( #+/ 8+2(rnan.(/ $( Eur+*aJ&
El Sac"o I)(e"io Ro)ano Ge")!nico en el Si%lo /III
11
En.r( #+/ /i8#+/ II 5 III #+/ ()*(ra$+r(/ a#()an(/ in.(n.ar+n r(-u*(rar (# *r(/.i8i+ 5 (# *+$(r /+2r( #+/ .(rri.+ri+/ i.a#ian+/ 5 /+2r( #a i8#(/ia& F($(ri-+ I Bar2arr+a 5 F($(ri-+ II1 /u ni(.+1 a)*#iar'an #a/ $i/*u.a/ 5 #a/ -+n@ui/.a/1 (n r(#a-i0n -+n /u/ $iv(r/+/ in.(r(/(/1 -+)+ *+r (()*#+1 (n #a/ -iu$a$(/ $(# n+r.( $( I.a#ia1 $+n$( *r(.(n$'an $i/)inuir /u inf#u(n-ia r(#i8i+/a /+2r( #a vi$a *+#'.i-a& En (/.a/ -iu$a$(/ i.a#iana/ #a #u-?a *+#'.i-a 5 )i#i.ar /( v+#vi0 in.(n/a #u(8+ $( #a f+r)a-i0n $( $+/ *ar.i$+/: E# $( #+/ Gi2(#in+/1 *ar.i$ari+/ $(# E)*(ra$+r1 5 #+/ G(#f+/1 *ar.i$ari+/ $(# Pa*a& E/ i)*+r.an.( r(-+r$ar @u( $uran.( (# /i8#+ III +-urri(r+n #a/ *rin-i*a#(/ Cru7a$a/ #i2(rar a (ru/a#n JTi(rra San.aJ $( #+/ )u/u#)an(/ $(/$( (# *un.+ $( vi/.a -+)(r-ia#1 $(.(r)inar+n #a r(a*(r.ura $(# M($i.(rr3n(+1 in.(n/ifi-3n$+/( a/' (# -+)(r-i+ -+n (# +ri(n.(1 ?(-?+ @u( f+r.a#(-i0 a )u-?a/ -iu$a$(/ i.a#iana/1 8aran.i73n$+#(/ #a au.+n+)'a *+#'.i-a& Un *r+-(/+ /()(an.( +-urri0 (n A#()aniaQ )u-?a/ -iu$a$(/ /( f+r.a#(-i(r+n -+n (# -+)(r-i+1 #+ @u( (nfr(n.0 a $i-?+/ -+)(r-ian.(/ -+n (# *+$(r f(u$a#1 (n un r(in+ $ivi$i$+ 5 $(2i#i.a$+&
O"%ani&aci-n (ol0'ica de El Sac"o I)(e"io Ro)ano Ge")!nico La +r8ani7a-i0n *+#'.i-a $(# i)*(ri+ /( 2a/0 (n r(#a-i+n(/ $( va/a##a( -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $(# f(u$a#i/)+1 /(8Hn #a/ -ua#(/ #+/ nu)(r+/+/ *r'n-i*(/1 $u@u(1 -+n$(/1 ( in-#u/+ +2i/*+/ r(-i2'an .i(rra/ 5 #a *r+.(--i0n $(# ()*(ra$+r1 5 -+)+ /u/ va/a##+/ #( ura2an #(a#.a$1 +2($i(n-ia 5 #( *r+*+r-i+na2an r(-ur/+/ *ara /+/.(n(r (# i)*(ri+& E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+ .uv+ una +r8ani7a-i0n *+#'.i-a 2a/.an.( (#()(n.a#: (# (##a #+/ n+2#(/ (ran fun-i+nari+/ $(# ()*(ra$+r1 /( $(/()*(a2an -+)+ u(-(/1 a8(n.(/ ( 8+2i(rn+1 (f(/ )i#i.ar(/1 a$)ini/.ra$+r(/ $(# i)*(ri+ 5 r(*r(/(n.an.(/ $(# r(5 (n 3r(a/ #+-a#(/& En.r( .an.+ #+/ -a)*(/in+/ 5 /i(rv+/ -u#.iva2an #a/ .i(rra/&
ACTIVIDAD 70 EL SACRO IMPERIO ROMANO=GERM;NICO %& E*#i@u( -0)+ /ur8i0 E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+>G(r)3ni-+& ,& !Cu3# fu( #a -au/a $(# /ur8i)i(n.+ $( #+/ 8(#f+/ 5 #+/ 8i2(#in+/"1 !-u3#(/ /+n /u/ *rin-i*a#(/ $if(r(n-ia/" 4& Inv(/.i8u( (n @u -+n/i/.( #a ##a)a$a E$a$ M($ia 5 -+)*#(.( (# /i8ui(n.( -ua$r+& Pu($( a5u$ar/( -+n /u/ a*un.(/ + -+n #a inv(/.i8a-i0n r(a#i7a$a& E(( Me(i Si/.()a $( *r+$u--i0n Or8ani7a-i0n (-+n0)i-a Or8ani7a-i0n *+#'.i-a Or8ani7a-i0n /+-ia#
6& !C0)+ (ran #a/ r(#a-i+n(/ (n.r( ()*(ra$+r(/ 5 *a*a/ (n E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+" 9& !C0)+ (/.a2a +r8ani7a$+ *+#'.i-a)(n.( E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+" & S(#(--i+n( %K *a#a2ra/ $(# .(.+ -u5+ /i8nifi-a$+ n+ -+n+7-a1 2H/@u(#a/ (n (# $i--i+nari+ 5 -+n/.ru5a -+n (##a/ un (/-ri.+ @u( ?a8a r(f(r(n-ia a# E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+& <& Bu/@u( (n #a /+*a $( #(.ra/ %K *a#a2ra/ r(#a-i+na$a/ -+n E# Sa-r+ I)*(ri+ R+)an+ G(r)3ni-+ 5 (#a2+r( una +ra-i0n @u( .(n8a @u( v(r -+n (# .()a -+n -a$a una $( (##a/:
12
A D S E C D F G V B N
U D R O T R G M E L
F N E O I P I O
E R T U E F G M V T P V D E B E R B M A N U D U L O E M R I E F A I A U
V E A F S G A B L N L M O G A L P O V
R P T S A F L F G M G G V B E B E R M V M U A E N I B A V
G O O N V E I P A R N I A N R I U P R E I E
I R E F I P N V R
A T R G C M I A
E U T L O T O N T S
%& _____________________
,& _____________________ 4& _____________________ 6& _____________________ 9& _____________________ & _____________________ ;& _____________________ <& _____________________ =& _____________________ %K&_____________________
Componente
Competenci
Lo!"os
E##a (/.u$ian.( Re#ciones espci#es % -+)*r(n$(r3 5 a*r+*iar3 #+/ -+n+-i)i(n.+/ m)ient#es *r+*i+/ $( #a 8(+8raf'a 5 #a (-+n+)'a *ara (n.(n$(r $iv(r/a/ f+r)a/ $( +r8ani7a-i0n ?u)ana 5 #a/ r(#a-i+n(/ @u( $if(r(n.(/ -+)uni$a$(/ ?an (/.a2#(-i$+ 5 (/.a2#(-(n -+n (# (n.+rn+ na.ura# 5 (-+n0)i-+ *ara /+2r(vivir 5 $(/arr+##ar/(&
Ejes temáticos 8 GEOGRA9IA REGIONAL
L+8r+/ $(# /(r >I$(n.ifi-a #a -+)*#(i$a$ $( #+/ (/*a-i+/ 8(+8r3fi-+/& >Va#+ra #+/ (#()(n.+/ @u( a*+r.a #a r(8i+na#i7a-i0n *ara (# $(/arr+##+ $( un -+n.in(n.(& L+8r+/ $(# /a2(r >E*#i-ara (# -+n-(*.+ $( (/*a-i+ 8(+8r3fi-+ ana#i7an$+ $( @u( )an(ra (# /(r ?u)an+ in.(rvi(n( (n (# (n.+rn+ 5 -0)+ inf#u5( (/.( (/*a-i+ 8(+8r3fi-+ (n #a -+.i$iani$a$1 *ara -+)*r(n$(r /u a--i0n $(n.r+ $(# )i/)+& >E*#i-ara 5 ana#i7ara #a inf#u(n-ia $(# -#i)a (n #a f+r)a-i0n $( $iv(r/+/ *ai/a(/& L+8r+/ $(# ?a-(r >D(/-ri2( #a )an(ra -+)+ #+/ fa-.+r(/ )+$ifi-an #+/ (#()(n.+/ $(# -#i)a&
3 LAS REGIONES DE AM>RICA
4&% C+n-(*.+ $( E/*a-i+ G(+8r3fi-+ 6&% Cara-.(ri7a-i0n $( #a/ r(8i+n(/ 4&, C#a/(/ $( r(8i+n(/& 6&, N+r.(a)ri-a 5 /u/ r(8i+n(/ S(*.(n.ri+na#1 +--i$(n.a#1 4&4 G(n(ra#i$a$(/ $(# (/*a-i+ 8(+8r3fi-+ $( A)ri-a& +ri(n.a# 5 -(n.ra# 4&6 C+n-(*.+ $( r(8i0n fun-i+na#1 *+#ari7a$a a*#i-a$a 6&4 R(8i+n(/ $( A)ri-a -(n.ra# N+r.(1 Í/.)i-a ( in/u#ar + a# .(rri.+ri+ A)(ri-an+& An.i##a/ 6&6 R(8i+n(/ $( A)ri-a $(# Sur An$ina1 r'+ $( #a P#a.a1 C(n.r+ +ri(n.a# 5 N+r(/.(
GEOGRA9?A REGIONAL 13
La 8(+8raf'a r(8i+na# (/ #a (n-ar8a$a $( )an.(n(r #a uni$a$ $( #a 8(+8raf'a1 *u(/ r(Hn( a#r($($+r $(# (/*a-i+ .(rr(/.r( $iv(r/+/ (#()(n.+/ (.ra'$+/ $( #+/ $i/-ur/+/ $( 8(0#+8+/1 -#i)a.0#+8+/1 2+.3ni-+/1 $()08raf+/1 (.n0#+8+/ 5 (-+n+)i/.a/& Su +2(.+ (/ #+8rar una in.(8ra-i0n1 $+n$( #+/ (#()(n.+/ na.ura#(/ 5 /+-ia#(/ (/.n *r(/(n.(/ (n .+$+ )+)(n.+ in.(rr(#a-i+na$+/ -+n #+/ $if(r(n.(/ -+)*+n(n.(/ $( #a Na.ura#(7a 5 #a S+-i($a$Q *+r (()*#+1 -+/.a 5 )ar1 -+n (# $(/arr+##+ *+r.uari+ 5 #a *(/-aQ (# /u(#+1 -+n #+/ -u#.iv+/ 5 /u a*r+v(-?a)i(n.+1 (n.r( +.r+/&
Es(acio %eo%"!1ico Un (/*a-i+ 8(+8r3fi-+ (/ (# (n.+rn+ (n (# @u( /( $(/(nvu(#v(n #+/ 8ru*+/ ?u)an+/ (n /u in.(rr(#a-i0n -+n (# )($i+ a)2i(n.( /i(n$+ a/' una -+n/.ru--i0n /+-ia# @u( /( (/.u$ia -+)+ -+n-(*.+ $(# *ai/a(&
Paisa2e E# .(r)in+ *ai/a( $(fin( una a/+-ia-i0n $( f+r)a/ na.ura#(/ 5 -u#.ura#(/ @u( /( #+-a#i7an (n #a /u*(rfi-i( .(rr(/.r(& A/'1 (# -+nun.+ $( (#()(n.+/ -+)+ (# -#i)a1 (# /u(#+1 #a ?u)($a$1 #a v(8(.a-i0n1 (# )ar 5 /u/ r(#a-i+n(/ -+n #a/ -+/.a/ /+n f+r)a/ @u( $(*(n$(n $( fa-.+r(/ 8(+8r3fi-+/ 5 /u a/+-ia-i0n -+n/.i.u5( un *ai/a(& S( *u($(n $i/.in8uir $+/ .i*+/ $( *ai/a(/: #+/ *ai/a(/ na.ura#(/ 5 #+/ -u#.ura#(/& S( ##a)a pisje nt&"# a a@u(##a *ar.( $(# .(rri.+ri+ $(# *#an(.a .i(rra @u( /( (n-u(n.ra -a/i vir8(n $(# ?+)2r(1 (/ $(-ir1 *r3-.i-a)(n.( n+ ?a /i$+ )+$ifi-a$+ *+r #a a--i0n $( (/.(& Aun@u(1 (# -+n-(*.+ .a)2in (/ ()*#(a$+ -+n r(-urr(n-ia *ara $(/i8nar a a@u(##a/ 7+na/ @u( -u(n.an -+n una *r+.(--i0n (/*(-ia#1 #(8i/#a$a *+r (# -u(r*+ *(r.in(n.(1 -+)+ -+n/(-u(n-ia $(# (/*(-ia# in.(r/ @u( r(vi/.(n& E# pisje c&#t&"# -+n/i/.( (n (# r(/u#.a$+ $( #a a--i+n $(# $(/arr+##+ $( a-.ivi$a$(/ ?u)ana/ (n un .(rri.+ri+ -+n-r(.+1 #a a--i0n ?u)ana )+$ifi-a 5W+ a#.(ra #+/ (#()(n.+/ na.ura#(/ 5 -+n/.ru--i+n(/ *ara una fina#i$a$ $(.(r)ina$a1 (/.3 -#ara)(n.( $(fini$+1 -r(a$+ 5 $i/(a$+ *+r (# /(r ?u)an+ *ar@u(/1 ar$in(/1 ($ifi-i+/ aar$ina$+/1 (.-&&
Re%i-n na'u"al S( r(fi(r( a @u( X-a$a una $( #a/ uni$a$(/ .(rri.+ria#(/ $(.(r)ina$a/ *+r (# r(#i(v(1 (# -#i)a 5 #a v(8(.a-i0n -+n/.i.u5( una r(8i0n na.ura#Y& /(a#a .a)2in @u( X#a r(8i0n 8(+8r3fi-a1 -+)+ .+$+ f(n0)(n+ ?u)an+ -+#(-.iv+1 (/ -+)*#(a 5 $if'-i# $( $(finir 5 aHn )3/ $( $(#i)i.ar1 *u(/ /u/ #')i.(/ /+n -+nv(n-i+na#(/ 5 $(*(n$(n (n 8ran *ar.( $(# -ri.(ri+ ()*#(a$+ 5 a$()3/ -a)2ian (n (# .i()*+Y R(8i0n 8(+8r3fi-a R(8i0n (-+n0)i-a
$i(os de "e%i-n En un *rin-i*i+ ?a-'a r(f(r(n-ia a #a 8(+8raf'a f'/i-a $( un 3r(a @u( )+/.ra2a vari+/ ra/8+/ -+)un(/ -+)+ (ran (# -#i)a1 (# r(#i(v(1 #a v(8(.a-i0n na.ura#1 #a/ -u(n-a/ ?i$r+8r3fi-a/ 5 +.r+/& E/ *+r (##+ @u( .a)2in /( $(n+)ina r(8i0n na.ura#& Tuv+ 8ran i)*+r.an-ia (n (# *a/a$+1 (n *+-a/ (n #a/ @u( #a inf#u(n-ia $(# )($i+ f'/i-+>na.ura# (ra )u-?+ )3/ *+$(r+/+ @u( (n .i()*+/ r(-i(n.(/& E/ una r(8i0n $( un *a'/ $(fini$a *+r una (-+n+)'a (/*(-'fi-a *r($+)inan.(: r(8i0n *(.r+#(ra1 8ana$(ra1 a8r'-+#a1 a8r+*(-uaria1 in$u/.ria#1 (.-& 14
R(8i0n -u#.ura#
R(8i0n ?i/.0ri-a R(8i0n ur2ana R(8i0n /+-ia#
La/ $i/.in.a/ -u#.ura/ @u( (i/.(n (n (# )un$+ r(/u#.an $( #a in.(8ra-i0n $( nu)(r+/+/ ra/8+/ /+-i+#08i-+/1 ?i/.0ri-+/1 (-+n0)i-+/1 #in8'/.i-+/1 a)2i(n.a#(/ 5 *+#'.i-+/ @u( /( $(/arr+##an a .rav/ $(# .i()*+ -+n -i(r.a in$(*(n$(n-ia $( #a/ r(8i+n(/ v(-ina/1 *+r #+ @u( /( va -r(an$+ una $if(r(n-ia-i0n +ri8ina$a *+r (/( ai/#a)i(n.+ a2/+#u.+ + r(#a.iv+ -+n r(#a-i0n a $i-?a/ r(8i+n(/ v(-ina/& P+$()+/ $(-ir @u( (# ai/#a)i(n.+ 8(n(ra $iv(r/i$a$ )i(n.ra/ @u( (# -+n.a-.+ -+n.inua$+ 8(n(ran una )a5+r ?+)+8(n(i$a$ -u#.ura#1 #+ -ua# (/ *(rf(-.a)(n.( (*#i-a2#(& C+n )u-?a fr(-u(n-ia1 #a/ fr+n.(ra/ -u#.ura#(/ r(/u#.an /(r )3/ *+$(r+/a/ @u( #a/ f'/i-a/1 (-+n0)i-a/ + *+#'.i-a/& Una r(8i0n (/ ?i/.0ri-a -uan$+ /( a/+-ia .ra$i-i+na#)(n.( a un *u(2#+1 /+-i($a$ + na-i0n -+n ra/8+/ (/*(-'fi-+/ @u( /( (.(ri+ri7an (n (#()(n.+/ -u#.ura#(/ $( (/a r(8i0n1 (/*(-ia#)(n.( #a #(n8ua 5 #a ar@ui.(-.ura1 5 -+n #a -ua# /( i$(n.ifi-an /u/ ?a2i.an.(/& En a#8un+/ -a/+/ /( -+rr(/*+n$(n -+n an.i8u+/ (/.a$+/& S( .ra.a $( una uni$a$ ur2an'/.i-a /u*(ri+r a #+/ -+n-(*.+/ $( -+)ar-a 5 3r(a )(.r+*+#i.ana1 -+n -(n.r+ (n una -+nur2a-i0n + 8ran -iu$a$1 @u( /u2+r$ina a (##a #a/ a-.ivi$a$(/ *r+$u-.iva/1 .(r-iaria/1 (.-&1 $( .+$a #a r(8i0n& N+r)a#)(n.( #+/ r(-+rri$+/ ?a2i.ua#(/ $(/$( #+/ nH-#(+/ 5 7+na/ $i/*(r/a/ a #a -iu$a$ -(n.ra# 5 vi-(v(r/a /( .ra$u-(n (n una/ r($(/ $( .ran/*+r.( $(n/a/ @u( (n.r(#a7an (# .(rri.+ri+& E/ un -+n-(*.+ $( +ri8(n )ari/.a @u( /( r(fi(r( a# (/*a-i+ -+n/.rui$+ *+r una/ $(.(r)ina$a/ r(#a-i+n(/ /+-ia#(/ $( *r+$u--i0n& E/ -+n-(*.ua#)(n.( )3/ a)*#i+ 5 -+)*#(.+ a# inv+#u-rar a/*(-.+/ (-+n0)i-+/1 *+#'.i-+/ ( i$(+#08i-+/&
ACTIVIDAD 50 GEOGRA9?A REGIONAL %& E*#i@u( -u3# (/ #a $if(r(n-ia (n.r( un *ai/a( na.ura# 5 un *ai/a( -u#.ura#& ,& !Cu3# (/ (# +2(.+ $( (/.u$i+ $( #a 8(+8raf'a r(8i+na#" 4& R(a#i-( un $i2u+ $( un *ai/a( na.ura# 5 $( un *ai/a( -u#.ura#& 6& Inv(/.i8u( -u3#(/ /+n #+/ *ai/a(/ -u#.ura#(/ )3/ -+n+-i$+/ $( C+#+)2ia& 9& R(a#i-( un )a*a -+n-(*.ua# $( #+/ .i*+/ $( r(8i+n(/& & !P+r @u -+n/i$(ra i)*+r.an.( (# (/.u$i+ $( #a 8(+8raf'a r(8i+na#" <& !Cu3# *u($( /(r (# i)*a-.+ $( #+/ *ai/a(/ -u#.ura#(/ fr(n.( a #+/ *ai/a(/ na.ura#(/" =& Inv(/.i8u( @u in/.i.u-i+n(/ /( $($i-an a# -ui$a$+ $( #a/ r(8i+n(/ na.ura#(/ + $( #+/ *ai/a(/ na.ura#(/ (n C+#+)2ia& Cu3#(/ /+n 5 -u3#(/ /+n /u/ fun-i+n(/& %K& D(# -ua$r+ $( #+/ .i*+/ $( r(8i+n(/1 /(#(--i+n(/ %K *a#a2ra/ $( #a/ @u( n+ -+n+7-a (# /i8nifi-a$+1 2H/@u(#a/ (n (# $i--i+nari+ 5 (#a2+r( una +ra-i0n r(f(r(n.( a# .()a -+n -a$a una $( (##a/&
LAS REGIONES DE AM>RICA E# -+n.in(n.( $( A)ri-a -+)*r(n$( .r(/ 8ran$(/ .(rri.+ri+/: N+r.(a)ri-a1 C(n.r+a)ri-a1 Sura)ri-a 5 A)ri-a In/u#ar + An.i##a/1 5 .i(n( una (.(n/i0n $( 6,&,,&%6, Z)[& C(n.r+a)ri-a 5 Su$a)ri-a *(r.(n(-(n a# )i/)+ -+nun.+ /+-ia# 5 -u#.ura#: I2(r+a)ri-a + i/*an+a)ri-a1 + A)ri-a La.ina& E/.a$+/ Uni$+/ 5 Cana$3 *(r.(n(-(n a #a A)ri-a An8#+/a+na& O.r+/ 8ran$(/ -+nun.+/ @u( /( *u($(n (n-+n.rar (n A)ri-a /+n #+/ *a'/(/ an$in+/1 (# C+n+ Sur1 5 #a/ An.i##a/ 5 (# Cari2(1 (n $+n$( /( $i/.in8u(n #a/ An.i##a/ Ma5+r(/: Cu2a1 Pu(r.+ Ri-+1 La E/*a+#a ai.' 5 R(*H2#i-a D+)ini-ana 5 a)ai-aQ 5 #a/ An.i##a/ M(n+r(/1 @u( /+n )u#.i.u$ $( *(@u(a/ i/#a/ @u( -i(rran (# Cari2( *+r (# (/.(& L+/ an8#+/a+n(/ $ivi$(n A)ri-a (n $+/ -+n.in(n.(/ A)ri-a $(# N+r.( 5 A)ri-a $(# Sur1 -u5+ #')i.( (/.3 (n (# i/.)+ $( T(?uan.(*(- Mi-+& S( .ra.a $( un -+n.in(n.( -+)*#(+ @u( /0#+ (/ *+/i2#( (/.u$iar#+ $( )an(ra -+nun.a $( )an(ra /u*(rfi-ia#1 5a @u( #a/ $if(r(n-ia/ /+n (n+r)(/ (n.r( una/ r(8i+n(/ 5 +.ra/& L+/ #')i.(/ $( A)ri-a /+n: (# +-an+ G#a-iar Ár.i-+ a# n+r.(1 (# +-an+ A.#3n.i-+ a# (/.(1 (# +-an+ G#a-iar An.3r.i-+ a# /ur 5 (# +-an+ Pa-'fi-+ a# 15
+(/.(& En (# +-an+ A.#3n.i-+1 5 a*r+i)a$a)(n.( (n #a *ar.( -(n.ra# $(# -+n.in(n.(1 /( (n-u(n.ran (# )ar Cari2( 5 (# 8+#f+ $( Mi-+& En 8(n(ra#1 #a -+/.a/ a)(ri-ana/ /+n *+-+ r(-+r.a$a/1 /a#v+ (n #+/ (.r()+/ n+r.( 5 /ur $( #a -+/.a $(# Pa-'fi-+1 $+n$( /+n )u5 r(-+r.a$a/1 $(2i$+ a #a *r(/(n-ia $( fi+r$+/&
Ca"ac'e"i&aci-n de las "e%iones cul'u"ales de A)3"ica Am1"ic (e# No"te
Am1"ic Cent"#
Am1"ic (e# S&"
Ma/a -+)*a-.a .rian8u#ar1 a$(#8a7a$a ?a-ia (# /ur 5 )a5+r @u( #a/ +.ra/ $+/1 -+)*r(n$( #a/ .i(rra/ /i.ua$a/ (n.r( (# i/.)+ $( T(?uan.(*(- Mi-+ 5 #a r(8i0n 2+r(a#& En (# *ai/a( -u#.ura# $( (/.a A)ri-a /( (n-u(n.ra una *+2#a-i0n $( +ri8(n an8#+/a0n& E# *ai/a( na.ura# (/.3 $ivi$i$+ *+#'.i-a)(n.( (n (# .(rri.+ri+ $( Cana$31 A#a/Za 5 #+/ E/.a$+/ Uni$+/ 5 Mi-+&
E/ una (/.r(-?a frana $( .i(rra @u( un( A)ri-a $(# N+r.( -+n A)ri-a $(# Sur& S( (.i(n$( $(/$( (# i/.)+ $( T(?uan.(*(- Mi-+ ?a/.a (# 8+#f+ $(# Darin (n.r( Pana)3 5 C+#+)2ia& Ti(n( una /(ri( $( i/.)+/ 5 una *ar.( in/u#ar: (# ar-?i*i#a8+ $( #a/ An.i##a/& En (/.a frana $( .i(rra (/.3n /i.ua$a/ $( n+r.( a /ur #a/ /i8ui(n.(/ na-i+n(/: Gua.()a#a1 B(#i-(1 +n$ura/1 E# /a#va$+r1 Ni-ara8ua1 C+/.a Ri-a 5 Pana)3& A$()3/ #a/ i/#a/ $( Cu2a1 a)ai-a1 ai.'1 R(*H2#i-a D+)ini-ana 5 Trini$a$ 5 T+2a8+& Ta)2in (/.3 u2i-a$a #a i/#a $( Pu(r.+ Ri-+1 @u( *+#'.i-a)(n.( *(r.(n(-( a E/.a$+/ Uni$+/&
Ma/a -+)*a-.a 5 .rian8u#ar -+)+ #a $( A)ri-a $(# N+r.( *(r+ )(n+/ (.(n/a @u( /.a1 a$(#8a7a$a (n /u *ar.( )(ri$i+na#1 /( (.i(n$( $(/$( (# 8+#f+ $(# Darin ?a/.a #a Ti(rra $(# Fu(8+& E# *ai/a( -u#.ura# $( A)ri-a $(# Sur .i(n( #a )a5+r *ar.( $( #a *+2#a-i0n $( +ri8(n (/*a+#1 -+n (-(*-i0n $( Bra/i#& En #a a-.ua# $ivi/i0n *+#'.i-a1 ?a-(n *ar.( $( (/.( /u2-+n.in(n.(: C+#+)2ia1 V(n(7u(#a1 #a/ Gu5ana/1 Bra/i#1 Surina)1 E-ua$+r1 P(rH1 B+#ivia1 C?i#(1 Uru8ua51 Para8ua5 5 Ar8(n.ina&
Ca"ac'e"i&aci-n %eo%"!1ica de las "e%iones de A)3"ica Am1"ic (e# No"te
Am1"ic Cent"#
Am1"ic (e# S&"
La v(8(.a-i0n 5 (# -#i)a (n N+r.(a)ri-a /+n )u5 varia$+/: -u(n.a -+n #a )a5+r'a $( #+/ -#i)a/ $(# )un$+& En (# n+r.( /( (n-u(n.ran .un$ra/ 3r.i-a/ (& Gr+(n#an$ia1 uZ0n1 *a/an$+ *+r una 8ran vari($a$ $( 2+/@u(/ )+n.aa/ R+-+/a/1 A*a#a-?(/ 5 #a/ .r(/ Si(rra/ Ma$r( (n Ca#if+rnia 5 5+)in81 2+/@u(/ .r+*i-a#(/ S(#va La-an$+na1 a\3i 5 #+/ C?i)a#a*a/1 $(/i(r.+/ D(/i(r.+ $( S+n+ra1 +na $(# Si#(n-i+1 ##anura/ Gran$(/ L#anura/1 C+)ar-a La8un(ra1 )an8#ar(/ E& Lui/iana1 Ta2a/-+1 (.-.(ra& Gr+//+ )+$+1 #a v(8(.a-i0n a/+-ia$a a (##+/ (/ #a .'*i-a $(# i)*(ri+ +#+3r.i-+1 (n (# n+r.(1 5 $(# i)*(ri+ N(+.r+*i-a#1 (n (# /ur& La fr+n.(ra (n.r( a)2+/ i)*(ri+/ /( /i.Ha (n .+rn+ a #+/ 6K] N&
C(n.r+a)ri-a (/ )a5+ri.aria)(n.( una r(8i0n )+n.a+/a 5 (/-ar*a$a& E/.a r(8i0n -+n.i(n( vari+/ niv(#(/ )+n.a+/+/ uni$+/ a #a/ (/.ru-.ura/ $( A)ri-a $(# N+r.( 5 $( A)ri-a $(# Sur1 5 *+r (/.ar $+)ina$+ *+r $+/ /i/.()a/ 8(+#08i-+/1 (/ un+ $( #+/ 8ran$(/ ((/ v+#-3ni-+/ $( #a Ti(rra& Cu(n.a -+n un+/ K v+#-an(/ (n (# in.(ri+r -a/i .+$+/ a*a8a$+/ 5 4% /+2r( #a -+/.a $(# +-an+ Pa-'fi-+ #a )a5+r'a a-.iv+/ $( #+/ -ua#(/ a#8un+/ /( (#(van a )3/ $( 6&KKK )/n)& La /u*(rfi-i( .(rr(/.r( a/-i(n$( a2ru*.a)(n.( $(/$( #a r(8i0n -+/.(ra $(# +-an+ Pa-'fi-+ a #a/ -r(/.a/ $( #a/ )+n.aa/1 5 $(/-i(n$( 8ra$ua#)(n.( (n #a r(8i0n @u( /( (.i(n$( a #+ #ar8+ $(# )ar Cari2(& La/ -+/.a/ $(# +-an+ Pa-'fi-+ /+n )3/ a*.a/ *ara #a ra$i-a-i0n $(# ?+)2r(1
T+*+8r3fi-a)(n.(1 A)ri-a $(# Sur /( $ivi$( (n .r(/ /(--i+n(/: #a -+r$i##(ra1 #a/ .i(rra/ 2aa/ $(# in.(ri+r1 5 (# (/-u$+ -+n.in(n.a#& La -+r$i##(ra $( #+/ An$(/ $(/.a-a *+r /(r #a -a$(na )+n.a+/a )3/ #ar8a 5 +v(n $(# )un$+1 a/' -+)+ #a )3/ a#.a $(/*u/ $( #+/ i)a#a5a/& Na-i(n$+ (n #a/ *r+fun$i$a$(/ +-(3ni-a/1 /( 5(r8u( $(/$( (# /u$(/.( $(# ar-?i*i#a8+ $( Ti(rra $(# Fu(8+1 /i8ui(n$+ un .ra7+ *ara#(#+ a #a -+/.a $(# Pa-'fi-+1 *ara $iv(r/ifi-ar/( (n (# n+r.(1 a2rin$+/( (n $+/ 2ra7+/1 un+ ?a-ia (# i/.)+ $( Pana)3 5 +.r+ 2+r$(an$+ #a -+/.a -ari2(a& E# +ri8(n $( #a -+r$i##(ra (/ (# r(/u#.a$+ $( #a /u2$u--i0n $( #a *#a-a $( Na7-a 2a+ #a *#a-a /ura)(ri-ana a una v(#+-i$a$ -(r-ana a #+/ = -)Wa+& Pa/a *+r Ar8(n.ina1 C?i#(1 B+#ivia1 P(rH1 E-ua$+r1 16
*(r+ )(n+/ fav+ra2#(/ *ara #+/ C+#+)2ia 5 V(n(7u(#a& -u#.iv+/ .r+*i-a#(/1 $(2i$+ a @u( /( *r+$u-(n )(n+/ ##uvia/ @u( (n (# A)ri-a $(# Sur a#2(r8a una 8ran vari($a$ $( -#i)a/: #a ?u)($a$ -3#i$a #i.+ra# a.#3n.i-+& $( #a S(#va A)a70ni-a1 (# fr'+ /(-+ $( #a Pa.a8+nia1 #a ari$(7 $(# D(/i(r.+ $( A.a-a)a1 #+/ vi(n.+/ $( #a Ti(rra $(# Fu(8+& En #a r(8i0n +--i$(n.a#1 (n.r( #+/ An$(/ 5 (# +-an+ Pa-'fi-+1 /( (n-u(n.ran #a/ 7+na/ )3/ ?H)($a/ $(# *#an(.a: E# C?+-0 C+#+)2ia1 E-ua$+r1 P(rH1 Pana)31 .a)2in #a/ )3/ /(-a/ $(# 8#+2+1 (n (# D(/i(r.+ $( A.a-a)a C?i#(1 @u( (n a#8una/ 3r(a/ n+ .i(n( r(8i/.r+/ $( *r(-i*i.a-i+n(/ $(/$( ?a-( )3/ $( %KK a+/&
ACTIVIDAD 40 LAS REGIONES DE AM>RICA %& E#a2+r( un )a*a $( A)ri-a (n (# @u( /(a#( #a $ivi/i0n $( #a/ .r(/ A)ri-a/& ,& Inv(/.i8u( *+r @u /( u/.ifi-a #a $ivi/i0n $( A)ri-a (n .r(/ /u2-+n.in(n.(/& 4& !Cu3#(/ /+n #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $( r(#i(v( $( -a$a una $( #a/ A)ri-a/" 6& !C0)+ (/ #a f+r)a $( #a/ .i(rra/ -+n.in(n.a#(/" 9& !Cu3#(/ /+n #+/ #')i.(/ $( A)ri-a $(# N+r.(1 $( A)ri-a C(n.ra# 5 $( A)ri-a $(# Sur" & Inv(/.i8u( a @u /( $(2( (# n+)2r( $( A)ri-a ;& !Cu3#(/ /+n #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $(# -#i)a $( -a$a un+ $( #+/ /u2-+n.in(n.(/ $( A)ri-a" <& C+n/u#.( /+2r( #a/ -+n$i-i+n(/ /+-ia#(/ $( -a$a un+ $( #+/ /u2-+n.in(n.(/ 5 (#a2+r( un -ua$r+ -+)*ara.iv+ (n.r( (##a/& =& C+n/.ru5a una /+*a $( #(.ra/ -+n #a/ /i8ui(n.(/ *a#a2ra/: A)ri-a1 /ur1 n+r.(1 -(n.ra#1 r(#i(v(1 -#i)a1 v(8(.a-i0n1 n(va$+/1 v+#-3ni-+1 )+n.a+/+1 i/.)+1 an.i##a1 *3ra)+1 $(/i(r.+ 5 vari($a$& %K& E#a2+r( un )a*a -+n-(*.ua# (n (# @u( (*+n8a #a/ *rin-i*a#(/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ $( #+/ /u2-+n.in(n.(/ a)(ri-an+/& Componente
Competenci
E##a (/.u$ian.( (n.(n$(r3 5 a*r+*iar3 #a Re#ciones 1tico=po#'tics i$(n.i$a$ 5 (# *#ura#i/)+ -+)+ -+n-(*.+/ fun$a)(n.a#(/ *ara -+)*r(n$(r 5 a/u)ir (# (/.u$i+ $( #a/ in/.i.u-i+n(/ 5 +r8ani7a-i+n(/ /+-ia#(/ 5 *+#'.i-a/1 (n $if(r(n.(/ *+-a/ 5 (/*a-i+/ 8(+8r3fi-+/&
Lo!"os L+8r+/ $(# /(r >R(-+n+-( #a/ f+r)a/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n (/-+#ar1 #+-a#1 $i/.ri.a# 5 na-i+na#& I$(n.ifi-a (# -+n.(.+ ?i/.0ri-+ (n (# @u( /ur8i(r+n #+/ -iu$a$an+/ L+8r+/ $(# /a2(r >C+)*r(n$( #a i)*+r.an-ia $( #a *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a a *ar.ir $( a-.ivi$a$(/ #H$i-a/ *ara a*#i-ar#a/ (n f+r)a a-.iva (n #a vi$a (/-+#ar& L+8r+/ $(# ?a-(r > Pra-.i-a #a vi$a $()+-r3.i-a (n #a (/-u(#a $(/$( #+/ 17
(/*a-i+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n @u( #a )i/)a #( +.+r8a
Ejes temáticos 9& PARTICIPACI^N DEMOCRÁTICA 9&% F+r)a/ $( Par.i-i*a-i0n 9&, M(-ani/)+/ $( Par.i-i*a-i0n 9&4 P#(2i/-i.+ 9&6 C+nf+r)a-i0n $(# *#(2i/-i.+
& REFERENDO &% C+n-(*.+ $( r(f(r(n$+ & , S+-i($a$ Civi#
PARTICIPACI@N DEMOCR;TICA
La *ar.i-i*a-i0n -iu$a$ana /( (n.i(n$( -+)+ #a )an(ra (n @u( #+/ in.(8ran.(/ $( una -+)uni$a$ -++*(ran 5 /( in.(rr(#a-i+nan *ara a#-an7ar una/ fina#i$a$(/ $( -a)2i+ (n /u -+)uni$a$ (n /u/ $i/.in.a/ fa-(.a/ -+)+ /+n (n #+/ /+-ia#1 *+#'.i-+ 5 (-+n0)i-+& E/ #a 2H/@u($a $( )(+r(/ -+n$i-i+n(/ $( vi$a 5 /a.i/fa--i0n $( n(-(/i$a$(/ va a ?a-(r va#(r #+/ in.(r(/(/ $( #a -+)uni$a$1 #+ -ua# a/(8ura @u( #a fina#i$a$ $(# 2i(n(/.ar 5 )3i)+ a*r+v(-?a)i(n.+ $( #+/ r(-ur/+/ *H2#i-+/ /( -u)*#a $( #a )an(ra )3/ (fi-i(n.( #a /+-i($a$& Para 8aran.i7ar (/.a -+n.ri2u-i0n (n C+#+)2ia (i/.(n vari+/ )(-ani/)+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n -+nv+-a$+/ *+r #a /+-i($a$ -ivi# (n #+/ @u( /( -+n/a8ra (# ART& 6K $( nu(/.ra -+n/.i.u-i0n: (# $(r(-?+ $( *(.i-i0n1 (# r(f(r(n$+1 (# v+.+ *r+8ra)3.i-+1 #a r(v+-a.+ria $(# )an$a.+1 (# -a2i#$+ a2i(r.+1 (n.r( +.r+/& A$()3/1 (# 8+2i(rn+ -+#+)2ian+ ?a 8(n(ra$+ ini-ia.iva/ *ara (# ((r-i-i+ $( #+/ $(r(-?+/ *+#'.i-+/1 -+)+ (# v+.+1 (# r(f(r(n$+ -+n/.i.u-i+na# 5 (# *#(2i/-i.+&
ACTIVIDAD 0 PARTICIPACI@N DEMOCR;TICA %& C+n/u#.( (n @u -+n/i/.(n #+/ /i8ui(n.(/ )(-ani/)+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a: (# $(r(-?+ $( *(.i-i0n1 (# -a2i#$+ a2i(r.+ 5 #a r(v+-a.+ria $(# )an$a.+ 5 r(a#i-( un )a*a -+n-(*.ua# -+n (# .()a& Pu($( .(n(r a5u$a $( /u/ a*un.(/ + a .rav/ $( una inv(/.i8a-i0n& ,& !Cu3n$+ ?a *ar.i-i*a$+ (n a#8Hn ((r-i-i+ $()+-r3.i-+" 4& !Cu3# (/ #a i)*+r.an-ia $( #a *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a" 6& !P+r @u (/ i)*+r.an.( -+n+-(r #+/ )(-ani/)+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a" 9& Inv(/.i8u( un -a/+ a-.ua# (n #a *+#'.i-a -+#+)2iana (n #a @u( /( ?a5a ((-u.a$+ un )(-ani/)+ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a 5 (*#'@u(#+& & !P+r @u -+n/i$(ra @u( (/ i)*+r.an.( -+n+-(r #+/ )(-ani/)+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a (n (# -+#(8i+" ;& E#a2+r( un $i2u+ $( #+/ ((r-i-i+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a @u( /( ##(van a -a2+ (n #a in/.i.u-i0n& <& !u +*ini0n *(r/+na# .i(n( a-(r-a $( #a *ar.i-i*a-i0n $()+-r3.i-a (n C+#+)2ia"
RE9ERENDO Y PLEBISCITO 18
Re1e"endo E# r(f(r(n$+ -+n/.i.u5( un $(r(-?+ $( -ar3-.(r *+#'.i-+ $( @u( 8+7a #a -iu$a$an'a *ara *r+*+n(r 5 $(-i$ir /+2r( .()a/ /+)(.i$+/ a r(f(r(n$+1 $(n.r+ $( (##+/ /( *u($( -i.ar: a R(f(r(n$+ a*r+2a.+ri+: A*r+2a-i0n *+r *ar.( $( #a -iu$a$an'a $( un *r+5(-.+ $( L(51 +r$(nan7a1 a-u(r$+ + r(/+#u-i0n @u( fu( n(8a$+ *+r #a -+r*+ra-i0n r(/*(-.iva + @u( n+ fu( a*r+2a$+ $(n.r+ $( #+/ 4K $'a/ @u( .i(n( #a *#(naria *ara $(-i$ir& 2 R(f(r(n$+ -+n/.i.u-i+na#: C+n/i/.( (n *+n(r a -+n/i$(ra-i0n *+*u#ar un *r+5(-.+ @u( r(f+r)a una n+r)a -+n/.i.u-i+na# i *ar.( $( (##a1 -ua#@ui(ra @u( /(a /u -+n.(ni$+1 D+n$( #a /+#i-i.u$ -iu$a$ana + $(# 8+2i(rn+ *ara #a -+nv+-a.+ria a r(f(r(n$+ n+ (/ +2#i8a.+ria *ara (# C+n8r(/+& - R(f(r(n$+ $(r+8a.+ri+: A@u' /( 2u/-a *r(/(n.ar a -+n/i$(ra-i0n -iu$a$ana #a $(r+8a-i0n $( #(5(/ $( r(f+r)a -+n/.i.u-i+na#1 *(r+ /+#+ $( a@u(##a/ @u( v(r/(n /+2r( $(r(-?+/ fun$a)(n.a#(/ 5 /u/ 8aran.'a/1 *r+-($i)i(n.+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n *+*u#ar + $( fun-i+na)i(n.+ $(# )i/)+ C+n8r(/+1 /i()*r( @u( /( ?a8a u/+ $( (/.( $(r(-?+ $(n.r+ $( #+/ /(i/ )(/(/ /i8ui(n.(/ a #a *r+)u#8a-i0n $(# a-.+ @u( r(f+r)+ #a -+n/.i.u-i0n& E# r(f(r(n$+ a*r+2a.+ri+ n(-(/i.a /(r r(/*a#$a$+ (n /u -+nv+-a.+ria *+r un )'ni)+ $(# $i(7 *+r -i(n.+ $( -iu$a$an+/ $(# -(n/+ (#(-.+ra# @u( -+rr(/*+n$a& L+/ *r+)+.+r(/ $( #a ini-ia.iva n(8a$a .i(n(n un *#a7+ ?a/.a $( /(i/ )(/(/ *ara -+)*#(.ar (/.( *+r-(n.a(1 *(r+ /i (n #a *ri)(ra +*+r.uni$a$ #+ ?a2'an #+8ra$+1 *u($(n $( in)($ia.+ *($ir a# r(8i/.ra$+r @u( -+nv+@u( a# r(f(r(n$+& E# r(f(r(n$+ $(r+8a.+ri+ r(@ui(r( *ara /u -+nv+-a.+ria (# r(/*a#$+ $(# $i(7 *+r -i(n.+ $(# -(n/+ (#(-.+ra# -+rr(/*+n$i(n.(& E# r(f(r(n$+ $( *r+5(-.+/ $( #(5 + )+$ifi-a-i+n(/ $(2( r(/*a#$ar/( *+r -in-+ *+r -i(n.+ $( #+/ -iu$a$an+/ in/-ri.+/ (n (# -(n/+ (#(-.+ra# na-i+na#& Una $( #a/ fa-(.a/ i)*+r.an.(/ $(# r(f(r(n$+ /+n #+/ r(@ui/i.+/ u( /( (i8( a #+/ *r+)+.+r(/ 5 (# *r+-($i)i(n.+ a /(8uir *ara #a +2.(n-i0n $( r(/*a#$+/ (n (# r(f(r(n$+& E# Pr(/i$(n.(1 G+2(rna$+r + a#-a#$( (/.3 +2#i8a$+ a /an-i+nar #a n+r)a a*r+2a$a *+r r(f(r(n$+ 5 $i/*+n(r /u *u2#i-a-i0n $(n.r+ $( #+/ +-?+ $'a/ /i8ui(n.(/ a #a $(-#ara-i0n $( r(/u#.a$+/ *+r *ar.( $( #a r(8i/.ra$+ra *ara @u( ()*i(-( a r(8ir&
Pleisci'o S( .ra$u-( (n #a )anif(/.a-i0n $( #a -iu$a$an'a /+2r( $(-i/i+n(/ a$+*.a$a/ *+r (# ((-u.iv+ na-i+na# 5 -+n/u#.a$a/ *+r (# Pr(/i$(n.( $( #a R(*H2#i-a1 @u( .i(n( #a *+.(n-ia#i$a$ $( -a)2iar #a/ $(-i/i+n(/ an.(/ a$+*.a$a/ /i /( )anifi(/.a $(/a-u(r$+& C+)+ /( v(1 )i(n.ra/ @u( #a -+n/u#.a Ciu$a$ana /( r(fi(r( a una *r+*u(/.a $(# *+$(r ((-u.iv+1 an.(ri+r a #a .+)a $( $(-i/i+n(/1 (# *#(2i/-i.+ (/ un ##a)a$+ *+/.(ri+r *ara r(vi/ar una $(-i/i0n @u( n+ r(@ui(r( /(r -+n/u#.a$a -+n (# -+n8r(/+ (n .an.+ n+ /( r(fi(r( a )a.(ria/ $( -+)*(.(n-ia $( (/.(& Temas del plebiscito
N+ *u($( (# *r(/i$(n.( u.i#i7ar (# *#(2i/-i.+ *ara -+n/u#.ar /+2r( #+/ /i8ui(n.(/ .()a/: %& Una r(f+r)a -+n/.i.u-i+na#& ,& La $ura-i0n $(# /u *(ri+$+ -+n/.i.u-i+na# 4& T()a/ r(#a-i+na$+/ -+n #+/ *+$(r(/ ((-u.iv+/ (n #+/ (/.a$+/ $( (-(*-i0n& 6& N+ *u($( -+n/u#.ar (# ar.i-u#a$+ $( un a-.+ a$)ini/.ra.iv+1 *+r (()*#+ un D(-r(.+1 /in+ @u( $(2( r(f(rir/( a #a *+#'.i-a @u( in/*ir+ #a (*($i-i0n $(# D(-r(.+& Para r(a#i7ar (# *#(2i/-i.+1 (# Pr(/i$(n.( $(2( inf+r)ar $( in)($ia.+ a# -+n8r(/+ /u in.(n/i0n $( -+nv+-ar#+1 in$i-an$+ #a/ ra7+n(/ *ara ?a-(r#+ 5 #a f(-?a $( v+.a-i0n @u( n+ *u($( /(r an.(ri+r a un )(/ ni *+/.(ri+r a -ua.r+& E# -+n8r(/+ *+r )a5+ra $( #+/ a/i/.(n.(/ $( #a/ $+/ -3)ara/1 $(2( *r+nun-iar/( $(n.r+ $(# )(/ /i8ui(n.(& Si /u +*ini0n (/ a$v(r/a1 (##a n+ +2#i8a a# Pr(/i$(n.(& Sin n+ /( *r+nun-ia1 (# *r(/i$(n.( *u($( -+nv+-ar (# *#(2i/-i.+& D(n.r+ $( #+/ v(in.( $'a/ an.(ri+r(/ a# *#(2i/-i.+1 #+/ *ar.i$+/ 5 )+vi)i(n.+/ *+#'.i-+/ *u($(n a$(#an.ar -a)*aa/ a fav+r + (n -+n.ra $(# .()a /+)(.i$+ a -+n/i$(ra-i0n *+*u#ar& 19
ACTIVIDAD 0 RE9ERENDO Y PLEBISCITO
%& E#a2+r( un -ua$r+ -+)*ara.iv+ (n.r( (# r(f(r(n$+ 5 (# *#(2i/-i.+& ,& !Cu3#(/ /+n #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ *rin-i*a#(/ $(# r(f(r(n$+" 4& !uin 5 -u3n$+ /( -+nv+-a un r(f(r(n$+" 6& !Cu3#(/ /+n #a/ -ara-.(r'/.i-a/ *rin-i*a#(/ $(# *#(2i/-i.+" 9& !uin 5 -u3n$+ /( -+nv+-a un *#(2i/-i.+" & C+n/u#.( (n @u +*+r.uni$a$(/ r(-i(n.(/ (n #a *+#'.i-a -+#+)2iana /( ?an -+nv+-a$+ (/.+/ $+/ )(-ani/)+/& ;& R(a#i-( un )a*a -+n-(*.ua# /+2r( (# r(f(r(n$+ 5 #+/ .i*+/ $( r(f(r(n$+& <& E#a2+r( un $i2u+ @u( r(*r(/(n.( (/.+/ $+/ )(-ani/)+/ $( *ar.i-i*a-i0n& =& C+n/u#.( -u3#(/ /+n #a/ fun-i+n(/ $(# P+$(r E(-u.iv+ (n C+#+)2ia 5 @uin (/ /u )3i)+ r(*r(/(n.an.(& %K& Inv(/.i8u( -u3#(/ /+n #a/ fun-i+n(/ $(# C+n8r(/+ (n C+#+)2ia&
9&entes (e in/o"mci-n ?..*:WW\\\&*r+f(/+r(n#in(a&-#Wuniv(r/a#?i/.+riaWR+)aWI)*(ri+R+)an+-ai$a&?.) ?..*:WW\\\&*r+f(/+r(n#in(a&-#Wuniv(r/a#?i/.+riaWR+)aWR+)aInva/i+n(/&?.) ?..*:WW\\\&*r+f(/+r(n#in(a&-#Wuniv(r/a#?i/.+riaWI)*(ri+Bi7an.in+&?.)# ?..*:WW\\\&*r+f(/+r(n#in(a&-#Wuniv(r/a#?i/.+riaWR+)aWR+)aL(8a$+&?.) ABC: ?..*:WW\\\&$(fini-i+na2-&-+)W)($i+>a)2i(n.(W*ai/a(>na.ura#&*?*i77,.U5\VnF.
20
