Secretele Vietii - Dicteu Divin Prin Gottfried Mayerhofer

VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC Fuprc`s ^rlimŦĆ

Fmpctekuk k. Irm`fdmse`cc Fmpctekuk 8. Olsprl kudc`Ć+ vcmŦĆ ŕc cuhcrl Fmpctekuk 6. Flruk+ cmouk ŕc pĆdè`tuk Fmpctekuk ?. Olsprl sĆ`Ćtmtl+ hemkĆ ŕc demrtl Fmpctekuk <. Ferpuk+ spcrctuk ŕc suikltuk Fmpctekuk 9. Olsprl lvekuŦcm fepck $ tè`Ćr $ moukt ŕc hĆtrè` ŕc hĆtrè` Fmpctekuk :. Cmr`m+ prcdĆvmrm+ vmrm ŕc temd`m Fmpctekuk 2. Flkl pmtru plrcemol ol frlmŦcl mkl kudcker ŕc mkl pkm`ltlker Fmpctekuk 3. YcmŦm spcrctukuc+ vcmŦm suikltukuc+ vcmŦm m`jlkcfĆ ŕc vcmŦm ocvc`Ć Fmpctekuk =>. \` r Ćspu`s Ćspu`s morlsmt uùc rmŦce`mkcst $k Fmpctekuk ==. ImtĆ+ ilfcemrĆ+ dmdĆ ŕc seŦcl Fmpctekuk =8. Frloc`ŦĆ+ à`frlolrl ŕc scjurm`ŦĆ Fmpctekuk =6. \` rĆspu`s morlsmt uùc rmŦce`mkcst $ 8 Fmpctekuk =?. Olsprl kcdhmg+ mrtĆ ŕc duzcfĆ Mrtm Duzcfm Fmpctekuk =<. Kcdhmguk Fmpctekuk =9. L`lrjcl+ suhstm`ŦĆ ŕc spcrct Fmpctekuk =:. Olsprl mkfbcdcŕtc Fmpctekuk =2. Olsprl ocilrctlkl ierdl ŕc tcpurc ol m`cdmkl Fmpctekuk =3. Lsl`Ŧm vclŦcc Fmpctekuk 8>. Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć Fmpctekuk 8=. XujĆfcu`lm ‐_mtĆk èstr u— Fmpctekuk 88. Kudlm jèòurcker Fmpctekuk 86. YcmŦm spcrctlker ŕc vcmŦm fesdcfĆ Fmpctekuk 8?. YcmŦm à` kudc`m cuhcrcc Fmpctekuk 8<. Fuvè`tuk Fmpctekuk 89. YcmŦm udm`Ć Fmpctekuk 8:. WmbĆruk+ smrlm ŕc eŦltuk Fmpctekuk 82. Frlŕtlrlm Fmpctekuk 83. Oc` èu olsprl kcdhmg ŕc olsprl ercjc`ckl smkl Fmpctekuk 6>. Cìc`ctmtlm Fmpctekuk 6=. YcmŦm fesdcfĆ Fmpctekuk 68. Kmturm à`tu`lfmtĆ m `mturcc Fmpctekuk 66. Kmturm à`tu`lfmtĆ m `mturcc ŕc vcmŦm udm`Ć Fmpctekuk 6?. Vic`Ŧcc oc` Wcum GuolfĆŦcc

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VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

C`spcrmt ol veflm spcrctumk Ć c`tlrcemrĆ+ Jettirclo Dmylrbeilr m sfrcs Klhl`sjlblcd`cssl+ omr ŕc $Ylrkmj+ Hcltcjblcd. Muteruk s$m `Ćsfut à` mùk =2>:+ fm olsflòl`t mk mktl kufrĆrc+ puhkcfmtl ol Kerhlr $Ylrkmj+ u`lc imdckcc èhckl+ à` tc`lrlŦl+ lk m c`trmt fm eicŦlr à` slrvcfcuk rljmk jrlflsf+ s $m fĆsĆterct à` Mtl`m fu iccfm uùc fedlrfcm`t m`jrescst+ oupĆ fmrl s $m dutmt km _rclstl+ oufèò e vcmŦĆ àdhlkŕujmtĆ. Mcfc+ lk m c`trmt à` fe`tmft fu sfrclrckl @ecc XlvlkmŦcc+ m kuc Gmaeh Kerhlr+ ŕc m olvl`ct u` molpt l`tuzcmst mk mflstucm. K$m mgutmt fu hm`c pl locteruk Gebm``ls Husfb sĆ puhkcfl Dmrlm Lvm`jblkcl m kuc Cem`' Cem`' ŕc mktl sfrclrc mkl kuc Kerhlr. Dmc tèrzcu+ Jettirclo Dmylrbeilr m prc dct lk à`suŕc bmruk Fuvè`tukuc C`tlrcer+ fm urdmrl m mspcrmŦclc ŕc olveŦcu`cc smkl imŦĆ ol Oedùk. M sfrcs mstilk dmc duktl kufrĆrc+ fmrl eilrĆ rĆspu`surc km ùdlremsl à`trlhĆrc kljmtl ol frlmŦcl+ ol vcmŦĆ+ ol fmklm fĆtrl dè`tucrl+ ol fedu`cfmrlm fu kudckl spcrctumkl+ ltf. Flm dmc irudemsĆ kufrmrl pl fmrl m eilrct$e Jettirclo Dmylrbeilr udm`ctĆŦcc lstl e feklfŦcl u`cfĆ fl fuprcòl <6 ol prlocfc mkl Oedùkuc+ c`tctukmtĆ ‐^rlocfckl Oedùkuc‛ ''+ fmrl moufl ùdlremsl fkmrcicfĆrc kljmtl ol dlsmguk ŕc à`vĆŦĆturckl Dè`tucterukuc Ccsus Brcstes. À` Yc`lrlm Dmrl oc` mùk =2::+ Jettirclo Dmylrbeilr s$m à`ters à` kudlm spcrctumkĆ km fmrl m mvut mffls à` tcdpuk vclŦcc ŕc oc` fmrl `l $m eilrct mtètlm cìerdmŦcc. "' Ylzc7 bttp7%%www bttp7%%www.sfrcho.fed%oef%2=8 .sfrcho.fed%oef%2=8??:9%Dmrlm$Lvm`jblkcl$ ??:9%Dmrlm$Lvm`jblkcl$m$Kuc$Cem`$Yek$= m$Kuc$Cem`$Yek$= `.r.# "'' Ylzc7 bttp7%%www.s bttp7%%www.sfrcho.fed%oef%9?6=< frcho.fed%oef%9?6=<26%^rlocfckl$Oedùkuc$C 26%^rlocfckl$Oedùkuc$Ccsus$Brcstes$^rcdctl$ csus$Brcstes$^rcdctl$ ^rc`$Jettirclo$Dmylrbeilr `.r.# ^rc`$Jettirclo$Dmylrbeilr `.r.#

Fmpctekuk = Irm`fdmse`cc ": dmc =2:># Oerlŕtc sĆ ŕtcc fl rlprlzc`tĆ irm`fdmse`cc mstĆzc5 @u mc olfèt sĆ prcvlŕtc flrlde`cmkuk mftumk mk Hcslrcfcc Frlŕtc`l. Lk ù dmc rlprlzc`tĆ olfèt e mpmrl`ŦĆ+ ŕc mflkmŕc kufru lstl vmkmhck ŕc à` fllm fl àc prcvlŕtl pl irm`fdmse`c. Lc ù imf mktflvm olfèt sĆ pu`Ć mffl`tuk pl tet ilkuk ol flrlde`cc ŕc ol fuvc`tl jemkl. ^rltcò fĆ mgutĆ udm`ctmtlm+ omr olŕc mu mvut rljc+ àdpĆrmŦc ŕc tet ilkuk ol icjurc ètmhckl prc`trl lc+ àŦc peŦc om slmdm fu uŕurc`ŦĆ oc` fedpertmdl`tuk mflsterm fèt ol prlefupmŦc su`t lc fu molvĆrmt ol orlpturckl edukuc. Fllm fl spu`lmd eomtĆ olsprl lsl`cl`c+ fud fĆ ù mr trlhuc sĆ sl msfuòĆ mtèt ol dukt à` spmtlkl slfrltukuc+ fc mr trlhuc sĆ imfĆ tetuk olsfbcs+ lstl km ilk ol vmkmhck ŕc à` fllm fl àc prcvlŕtl pl irm`fdmse`c. Lc susŦc` fĆ prc`fcpcuk oupĆ fmrl sl jbcolmzĆ su`t orlpturckl edukuc ŕc ljmkctmtlm à`trl sldl`c. Fbcpurckl+ teŦc su`t ‐irmŦc—+ omr mflst kufru ù lstl vmkmhck olfèt à` fmoruk kegcc1 à` mimrm mflstlcm ercfl ljmkctmtl à`fltlmzĆ+ rljlkl rlolvc`l rljl+ cmr flc kcpscŦc ol hm`c smu ol putlrl rlprlzc`tĆ pl`tru lk dmc puŦc` olfèt e è`$l`tctmtl+ `liccò iekescŦc olfèt fm `cŕtl pce`c pl`tru mtc`jlrlm uèr sfepurc. Őtcc fl mr trlhuc sĆ icl ol impt irm`fdmse`lrcm5 Fbcmr ŕc oupĆ stmòmrolkl mftumklc sefcltĆŦc+ lm mr trlhuc sĆ icl à`trupmrlm flklc ol$m oeum peru`fc pl fmrl md omt$e Lu7 cuhcrlm ol mpremplFèt ol irudemsĆ mr olvl`c irm`fdmse`lrcm omfĆ dldhrcc lc mr rlsplftm mflst prc`fcpcu+ omr ù ùdmc à` fmoruk kegcc+ fc pl pmrfursuk à`trljcc ker vclŦc- Lc mr fe`trchuc mtu`fc oc` pkc` km c`s tmurmrlm àdpĆrĆŦclc kuc Oud`lzlu pl ^Ćdè`t. Oc` pĆfmtl+ kufrurckl stmu fu tetuk mktilk. Km ilk fm ŕc à` fmzuk



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

ûtlŦc ic ŕc vec irm`fdmse`c+ omr ùdmc à` sl`suk flk dmc èhck mk fuvè`tukuc- MgutmŦc $c pl flc sĆrmfc+ fĆfc lc su`t irmŦcc veŕtrc. Ercfl mŦc imfl+ imflŦc km vlolrl+ à` deo olsfbcs+ fĆfc ù trlhucl sĆ vĆ icl ruŕc`l sĆ mfŦce`mŦc à` imŦm efbcker Dlc mtemtlvĆzĆterc. À` rlst+ ù vĆ dmc prlefupmŦc ol mktl kufrurcFkĆocŦc dmse`lrcm à`vĆŦĆturcc Dlkl+ à` deo olsfbcs+ pl`tru fm temtĆ kudlm sĆ vmoĆ fl imflŦc. Mhcm mtu`fc vlŦc dlrctm tctkuk ol ‐dmse`c kchlrc— + à`tr$e dĆsurĆ dukt dmc dmrl olfèt flc fmrl àŕc imf sld`l fu dè`m ŕc tet ilkuk ol mktl jlsturc jekctl ol ercfl fe`Ŧcùt+ pl`tru m sl rlfuèmŕtl à`trl lc. Ol mfllm+ urdmŦc à`vĆŦĆturm Dlm+ ŕc vec olvl`c Lu à`sudc à`tècuk ‐irm`fdmse`— ŕc ^rlŕloc`tlkl vestru+ ŕc à` sfurt tcdp ved rluŕc sĆ fe`strucd àdprlu`Ć zcouk pretlfter mk cuhcrcc ŕc mk molvĆrukuc+ fmrl ù vm dmc putlm ic ocstrus `cfceomtĆ ol ierŦlkl pekctcfl smu lkldl`tmklFmd mtèt md oerct sĆ vĆ spu` olsprl irm`fdmse`lrcl ŕc dldhrcc sĆc+ fmrl mr trlhuc sĆ icl irmŦc à`trl lc+ omr ù su`t. OlefmdomtĆ mtèt pl`tru mstĆzc. Mdc`-

Fmpctekuk 8 Olsprl kudc`Ć+ vcmŦĆ ŕc cuhcrl "6> cu`cl =2:># Oerlŕtc sĆ mikc olsprl mflstl trlc kufrurc. @u mc ic putut mkljl trlc suhclftl dmc suhkcdl ercfèt ol dukt mc ic fĆutmt à` vefmhukmruk udm`+ fĆfc mflstl trlc fuvc`tl rliklftĆ à`trlmjm fbc`tlsl`ŦĆ m frlmŦclc+ m lxcstl`Ŧlc ŕc ourmtlc lc `là`trlruptl. Ylzc tu+ tet fl md frlmt Lu+ md frlmt oc` kudc`Ć. MflmstĆ frlmŦcl m prcdct suikuk vclŦcc ŕc ù m dmc putut ic m`cbckmtĆ `cfceomtĆ+ oc` fmuzm cuhcrcc pl fmrl c$md purtmt$e. LxcstĆ flvm à` dmrlm silrĆ m cìc`ctĆŦcc fmrl sĆ ù $ŕc omterlzl lxcstl`Ŧm ltlr`Ć mflster trlc fuvc`tl mtèt ol sld`cicfmtcvl5 EomtĆ fu kudc`m+ à`flpl vcmŦm+ ŕc eomtĆ fu vcmŦm+ à`flpl cuhcrlm. Kudc`m rlprlzc`tĆ putlrlm frlmtemrl+ fmrl fe`tcùĆ sĆ moufĆ km vcmŦĆ èc kufrurc+ furjèò fm u` ikux à` temtl ocrlfŦcckl cìc`ctĆŦcc+ trlzcò prltutcòl`c vcmŦm+ mku`jèò à`tu`lrcfuk+ cmr mpec $ prc` c`tlrdlocuk cuhcrcc $ prlzlrvèò fllm fl m frlmt ŕc moufèò km vcmŦĆ èc frlmŦcc cìc`ctl. Kudc`m moufl oupĆ sc`l fĆkourm+ fmrl ferlspuòl vclŦcc. IĆrĆ fĆkourĆ+ vcmŦm à`fltlmzĆ+ cmr cuhcrlm ù dmc pemtl prcòl rĆoĆfc`c+ fĆfc lm ù lstl mktflvm olfèt e mspcrmŦcl iclrhc`tl ol m vlolm pl temtĆ kudlm ilrcfctĆ ŕc àdpkc`ctĆ. Ol mfllm+ ercuòl lxcst Ć kudc`Ć+ rmzlkl hkèòl mkl mflstlcm stcduklmzĆ lkldl`tlkl bmetcfl+ fmrl sl eroe`lmzĆ à` iu`fŦcl ol kljlm mtrmfŦclc ŕc m rlspc`jlrcc+ jl`lrèò mstilk ilèdlùk fĆkourcc. Ercuòl mpmrl mflmstĆ iclrhlrl+ mfeke lxcstĆ vcmŦĆ. YcmŦm oerlŕtl à`sĆ sĆ icl ilrcfctĆ+ sĆ olvc`Ć tetuk à` temtl+ ŕc u`cfuk c`strudl`t prc` fmrl àŕc pemtl àdpkc`c mflst vcs vcs lstl cuhcrlm. Cuhcrlm oerlŕtl sĆ prlzlrvl vcmŦm+ à` tcdp fl urm oerlŕtl sĆ e ocstrujĆ. Ercuòl vlŦc prcvc+ vlŦc olsfeplrc fĆ mflstl trlc lkldl`tl prc`fcpmkl sl mikĆ à` feìkcft fu epuŕcc ker. Kudc`m trlhucl s Ć oufĆ hĆtĆkcm fu à`tu`lrcfuk+ vcmŦm fu demrtlm+ cmr cuhcrlm fu urm. À` tcdp fl prcdlkl trlc oerlsf sĆ prlzlrvl frlmŦcm ŕc sĆ e mtrmjĆ fĆtrl sc`l+ f lklkmktl ù oerlsf olfèt sĆ rlspc`jĆ ŕc sĆ ocstrujĆ.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Feìkcftuk milftlmzĆ mstilk à`trlmjm dmtlrcl+ ol km kudlm à`jlrcker ŕc pè`Ć km uktcduk spcrct+ flk dmc rlous ŕc flk dmc àdpcltrct+ fmrl lstl cdpkcfct ŕc flk dmc kcdctmt ol rcjerckl kljcc+ à` mflmstĆ kuptĆ fe`stm`tĆ pl`tru vcmŦĆ+ cuhcrlm à`vc`jl+ ocstrujèò à`tu`lrcfuk+ demrtlm ŕc urm. ^l sfurt+ flkl trlc fuvc`tl ŕc lkldl`tlkl ker epusl sc`tltczlmzĆ prc`fcpcuk prlzlrvĆrcc tuturer kufrurcker frlmtl. Mtu`fc fèò Lu+ kudc`m purĆ+ md olfcs sĆ frllz e kudl lxtlrcemrĆ Dcl+ mkfĆtuctĆ oc` spcrctl m fĆrer dl`crl lrm mfllm ol m DĆ cuhc+ ol m DĆ à`Ŧlkljl ŕc ol m olvl`c trlptmt km ilk fm Dc`l '+ mflmstĆ olfczcl m rlprlzl`tmt prcduk cdpuks mk frlmŦclc. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ micrdmŦcm oc` fĆrŦckl dezmcfl7 ‐Cmr pĆdè`tuk lrm jek+ ù mvlm ierdĆ+ ierdĆ+ ŕc Oedùk m frlmt kudc`m-— kudc`m-— "Ylzc ‐Fc`l lstl Oud`lzlu+…— Oud`lzlu+…—+ `.r.# EomtĆ fu mpmrcŦcm kudc`cc+ mftcvctmtlm lkldl`tlker s $m trlzct+ cmr spcrctlkl mu à`flput sĆ olvc`Ć fe`ŕtcl`tl ol sc`l+ mtrĆjèòu$sl ŕc rlspc`jèòu $sl rlfcpref. EomtĆ fu kudc`m m mpĆrut vcmŦm+ fĆfc pè`Ć ŕc ocstrujlrlm $ ercfèt ol fruoĆ vc sl pemtl pĆrlm $ mrl km ercjc`c sfepuk suprld mk mprepclrcc ol kudc`m suprldĆ prc` mhmòe`mrlm ierdlker cìlrcemrl fu sfepuk ol m $ŕc msudm ierdl suplrcemrl+ dmc mprepcmtl ol kudc`m u`cvlrsmkĆ. EomtĆ fu trlzcrlm prcdlker oeuĆ prc`fcpcc+ kudc`m ŕc vcmŦm+ ol àòmtĆ fl prcdlkl icc`Ŧl frlmtl mu urc+ m à`flput sĆ sl hufurl ol lxcstl`Ŧm ker+ sfĆkomtl à` vchrmŦcm kudc`cc ltlr`l ŕc prcderocmkl oc` flr urc+ mpĆrut ŕc flk ol $mk trlcklm jèò+ mflkm ol m u`c temtl mflstl icc`Ŧl oc` kudckl vczchckl ŕc c`vczchckl. Mflst jèò m iest cuhcrlm+ u` fe`flpt km ilk ol iuòmdl`tmk fm ŕc kudc`m ŕc vcmŦm+ fmrl ù oerlm mktflvm olfèt sĆ u`lmsfĆ à` ltlr`ctmtl ŕc sĆ moufĆ km plrilfŦcu`l icc`Ŧlkl fmrl mu à`flput sĆ sl hufurl ol lxcstl`Ŧm ker. Flc dmc purc oc`trl à`jlrc+ vlrctmhckl plrse`cicfĆrc mkl cuhcrcc+ mu iest trcdcŕc mtu`fc à` kudl fu sfepuk ol m àdpĆrtĆŕc vcmŦm ker trĆctĆ fu dmxcdud ol c`tl`sctmtl flkerkmktl icc`Ŧl vcc+ à` kudc`m jrmŦclc fmrl kl$m iest mferomtĆ oc` pkc`. Mstilk à`tĆrctl+ ckudc`mtl ŕc à`fĆkzctl+ icc`Ŧlkl vcc s $mu u`ct ŕc ŕc$mu rlfuèsfut dl`crlm suprldĆ+ fĆtrl fmrl mu à`flput sĆ mspcrl+ kuptèò ŕc hufurèòu $sl ol vcmŦĆ. Ercfl spcrct cìlrcer rlù`ŦĆ fu hufurcl km à`vlkcŕuk fmrl c $m à`tèrzcmt pè`Ć mfud prejrlsuk. Lk àŕc ocstrujl preprcm sm lxcstl`ŦĆ+ fu sfepuk ol m fuèmŕtl e lxcstl`ŦĆ suplrcemrĆ+ à` fmrl sĆ pemtĆ mhserhc dmc duktĆ kudc`Ć+ dmc duktĆ vcmŦĆ ŕc dmc duktĆ cuhcrl ol km sursm prcderocmkĆ ŕc u`cfĆ m tuturer kufrurcker. Mŕmomr+ fllm fl vec ùdcŦc ocstrujlrl $ à` erhcrlm vemstrĆ $+ ù lstl mktflvm olfèt e lkchlrmrl fmrl plrdctl mtc`jlrlm u`lc stĆrc suplrcemrl+ fĆfc à` dedl`tuk à`tld`cŦĆrcc smkl à` ierdĆ+ spcrctuk lstl `lvect sĆ supertl suilrc`Ŧm dmtlrclc ŕc sĆ mŕtlptl fkcpm à` fmrl mflmstĆ zljbl vm fĆolm+ cmr lk pemtl efupm u` kef suplrcer à` dmrlm silrĆ m frlmŦclc+ còcvcoumk smu feklftcv+ u`ct prc` cuhcrl fu sldl`cc sĆc fu fmrl lstl fedpmtchck. Cdpuksuk fmrl à`furmglmzĆ spcrctuk sĆ kuptl pl`tru plrilfŦcu`lm olstcùkuc sĆu+ ŕc mstilk sĆ sl à`temrfĆ trlptmt fĆtrl sursm prcderocmkĆ m kudc`cc oc` fmrl m ldm`mt+ lstl cuhcrlm+ mflmstĆ fĆkourĆ hc`lfuvè`tmtĆ fmrl ldm`Ć ldm`Ć oc` sursm u`cfĆ. Mflst prefls sl rlplt Ć à` fmzuk tuturer spcrctlker m`jlkcfl. @u à`tèdpkĆter+ strĆdeŕcc veŕtrc k$ mu ùdct pl à`jlruk fĆzut Kufcilr+ ‐^ĆstrĆteruk ‐^Ć strĆteruk Kudc`cc—. À`tr$molvĆr+ lk m iest pĆstrĆteruk kudc`cc à` cdl`sm vmstctmtl m frlmŦclc Dlkl. Fe`ŕtcl`t ol jrmŦcm `ldĆsurmtĆ pl fmrl m prcdct $e ol km Dc`l+ fmrl k$m à`zlstrmt fu e putlrl pl fmrl `cfc u` mkt spcrct ù e dmc mvlm+ lk ù m dmc putut fe`trekm fĆkourm prlm dmrl fmrl s$m olzvektmt oc` fmuzm mflstlc kudc`c cìc`ctl+ fmrl s$m trm`sierdmt mstilk à` epusuk cuhcrcc+ urm imŦĆ ol Flk fmrl k$m à`zlstrmt fu kudc`m sm strĆkufctemrl. Fbcmr ŕc mstĆzc lk rĆdè`l u` spcrct m`jlkcf fĆzut+ ouŕdmùk Dlu flk dmc à`vlrŕu`mt. Lk ù sl vm dmc putlm hufurm à`sĆ duktĆ vrldl ol kchlrtmtlm sm mftumkĆ ŕc vm trlhuc sĆ imfĆ e mkljlrl fkmrĆ omfĆ oerlŕtl sĆ moeptl prcdlkl Dlkl trlc prc`fcpcc mkl frlmŦclc smu prlilrĆ sĆ fuktcvl à` fe`tcùmrl epusuk ker.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Km ilk stmu kufrurckl ŕc fu vec+ emdl`cc+ à` fmrl Lu md mprc`s+ prc` kudc`m jrmŦclc Dlkl+ e sfè`tlcl oc` vcmŦm ocvc`Ć. Mr trlhuc sĆ olvl`cŦc dmc fe`ŕtcl`Ŧc ol fedemrm pl fmrl e purtmŦc à` suikltuk vestru- Yec purtmŦc km sèùk vestru e kudc` Ć ocvc`Ć+ vcmŦm ŕc cuhcrlm prcdctl ol km _mtĆk vestru flrlsf. Lk v$m oĆruct mflmstĆ trlcdl fm sld` mk ercjc`cc vemstrl+ mk à`flputukuc oc` fmrl v $mŦc `Ćsfut ŕc mk dl`crcc vemstrl supr ldl. ldl. @u `ljkcgmŦc mflstl omrurc ocvc`l+ fĆfc lkl su`t omrurckl JrmŦclc+ cmr flc fmrl kl dm`cilstĆ pkl`mr ocspu` ol u` dmrl mvm`tmg imŦĆ ol dckcem`l ol mktl icc`Ŧl oc` u`cvlrs. Fe`ŕtcl`tczmŦc kudc`m ocvc`Ć+ oĆructĆ veuĆ oc` cuhcrl ŕc fmrl rlprlzc`tĆ vcmŦm suikltukuc ŕc spcrctukuc vestru kĆu`trcf. Mdc`tcŦc $vĆ ol Flk fmrl v$m oĆruct$e ŕc fmrl m pkĆtct fèòvm $ oc` preprcm Vm vec`ŦĆ $ fu preprcuk VĆu sè`jl ŕc fu e dmrl suilrc`ŦĆ+ pl`tru fm vec+ fepccc Kuc+ sĆ icŦc dè`tucŦc. Lk ù oerlŕtl mktflvm olfèt fm vec sĆ rlvl`cŦc km dl`crlm pl fmrl e mvlŦc à` silrm cìc`ctĆ m frlmŦclc. @u uctmŦc fĆ cuhcrlm Kuc lstl flm fmrl oerlŕtl sĆ vĆ feòufĆ sprl vcmŦm ltlr`Ć+ detcv pl`tru fmrl m mprc`s à` vec kudc`m fuèmŕtlrcc ŕc m fe`ŕtcc`Ŧlc ocvc`l. KuptmŦc pl`tru plrilfŦcu`lm pl fmrl e putlŦc mtc`jl à` fmkctmtlm vemstrĆ ol icc`Ŧl frlmtl+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ putlŦc fe`ŕtcl`tczm ŕc dm`cilstm flkl trlc omrurc prcdctl+ rmic`èòu $kl oc` fl à` fl dmc dukt ŕc rcocfèòu$vĆ mstilk pl èc fukdc mkl lxcstl`Ŧlc. FĆfc kudc`m Dlm ocvc`Ć+ fmrl ldm`Ć oc` Dc`l ŕc sl lxtcòl à` à`trlmjm frlmŦcl cìc`ctĆ+ ù fuèmŕtl kcdctl. Lm trlzlŕtl prltutcòl`c e vcmŦĆ èuĆ ŕc ù oerlŕtl mktflvm olfèt sĆ u`lmsfĆ temtl icc`Ŧlkl frlmtl à` guruk Flkuc fmrl lstl Lk à`suŕc Kudc`m suprldĆ m YclŦcc ŕc m Cuhcrcc. À` mflst i lk lk trlhucl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflstl trlc fuvc`tl+ ormjcc Dlc fepcc. Lkl sl rlilrĆ km sursm prcderocmkĆ m à`trljcc lxcstl`Ŧl. Vu`t iuòmdl`tuk à`trljcc frlmŦcc ŕc `cfc e frlmturĆ vcl ù mr putlm lxcstm iĆrĆ lkl. Mfeke uòl kcpslsf+ ercfl prejrls à`fltlmzĆ ŕc ù dmc lxcstĆ olfèt demrtl+ à`tu`lrcf ŕc urĆ ltlr`Ć. Fm oevmoĆ m imptukuc fĆ mflmstĆ trlcdl m mtrchutlker kuc Oud`lzlu vm à`vc`jl à`tetolmu`m+ u` à`jlr mk vclŦcc vljblmzĆ msuprm lc+ àdhrĆfmt à`tr $u` vlŕdè`t ol kudc`Ć ŕc purtèò pl fmp ferem`m vcfterclc. _eŦc flc fmrl sl epu` mflstlc sic`tl trlcdc+ prlilrèò à`tu`lrcfuk à` imŦm kudc`cc+ demrtlm à` imŦm vclŦcc ŕc urm à` imŦm cuhcrcc+ ver ic `lvecŦc sĆ sl msfuòĆ à` fekŦurckl flkl dmc à`tu`lfmtl mkl pĆdè`tukuc. Fepccc Dlc+ à`trlmjm frlmŦcl dlrjl à`mc`tl+ dè`mtĆ ol mflstl trlc prc`fcpcc7 ol cuhcrlm fmrl ù àŕc jĆslŕtl eocb`m+ oĆrucò à` plrdm`l`ŦĆ pl`tru m putlm prcdc oc` èu km sèùk lc+ ol kudc`m fmrl ckudc`lmzĆ tetuk+ mstilk à`fèt fekŦurckl à`tu`lfmtl sĆ pemtĆ ic czje`ctl oc` frlmŦcl+ ŕc ol vcmŦm fmrl à`slmd`Ć dcŕfmrl+ sfbcdhmrlm ierdlker ŕc prejrlsuk ol km e ltmpĆ km mktm+ suplrcemrĆ. Mflstlm su`t prc`fcpcckl fmrl vĆ fblmdĆ+ spu`èòu$vĆ7 ‐IĆrĆ èc ù lxcstĆ kudl+ `cfc trlfut smu vccter- @ec su`tld frlmtercc mflsterm+ à` kudc`m Oedùkuc Vuprld. @ec dm`cilstĆd à`trlmjm Vm icc`ŦĆ-— Ol mfllm+ mvm`smŦc ŕc vec+ olsflòl`Ŧc mc kudc`cc- XcocfmŦc $vĆ olmsuprm ercze`tukuc+ mfeke uòl ù dmc lxcstĆ mpus+ fc ùdmc u` rĆsĆrct ltlr`+ mfeke uòl demrtlm ù dmc mktlr`lmzĆ fu vcmŦm ŕc uòl urm+ liertuk ŕc dè`cm ù dmc à`trlrup spklòcom mrde`cl m fe`flrtukuc cuhcrccMsfuktmŦc mrde`cckl m`jlkcfl stèr`ctl ol mflstl trlc fuvc`tl ŕc fmrl pl`ltrlmzĆ à`trlmjm cìc`ctmtl. Lkl su`t cdùk ltlr` ol kmuoĆ morlsmt Oedùkuc ŕc Frlmterukuc u`cf+ _mtĆk vestru+ fmrl ù àŕc vm jĆsc ilrcfcrlm olsĆvèrŕctĆ ŕc hlmtctuoc`lm olfèt mtu`fc fèò vec+ icc`Ŧlkl frlmtl ol Lk+ vĆ vlŦc hufurm ol Lk ŕc vlŦc à`vĆŦm sĆ $K fuèmŕtlŦc ŕc sĆ $K cuhcŦc oc` fl à` fl dmc dukt. Viè`tm _rlcdl+ mtèt ol jrlŕct c`tlrprltmtĆ ol duktl erc+ ù pemtl ic olsfeplrctĆ olfèt à` mfls tl trlc prc`fcpcc mtetputlr`cfl+ fmrl sl rljĆslsf km sfmrĆ dcfrefesdcfĆ à` ercfl icc`ŦĆ vcl+ suh ierdm u`lc sldc`Ŧl fmpmhckĆ sĆ sl olzvektl ŕc sĆ frlmsfĆ pè`Ć km petl`Ŧcmkuk sĆu dmxcd+ olvl`cò u` à`jlr ol kudc`Ć mikmt vlŕ`cf à` prlzl`Ŧm Oedùkuc à`trljcc frlmŦcc. Fepccc Dlc+ rlfuèmŕtlŦc mflst omr ocvc`- HufurmŦc $vĆ ol fmpmfctmtlm pl fmrl e mvlŦc ol m



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Ol mfllm+ imflŦc lierturc sĆ dlrctmŦc mflmstĆ stmrl suprldĆ ol ckudc`mrl+ à`Ŧlkljèò $e mŕm fud trlhucl"' Ylzc7 bttp7%%www bttp7%%www.sfrcho.fed%oef%<22>2 .sfrcho.fed%oef%<22>2=:%FC@L$LV_L$O\D@LW =:%FC@L$LV_L$O\D@LWL\$Lxpkcfmt$ol$c`susc$ L\$Lxpkcfmt$ol$c`susc$ Oud`lzlu$prc`$Hlrtbm$Ouool$ Oud`lzlu$prc`$Hlrtbm$O uool$ `.r .#

Fmpctekuk 6

Flruk+ cmouk ŕc pĆdè`tuk "3 cukcl =2:># Dc$mc flrut sĆ mklj trlc fuvc`tl cdpertm`tl ŕc sĆ àŦc lxpkcf sld`cicfmŦcm ker. CmtĆ fuvc`tlkl pl fmrl kl$md mkls7 flruk+ cmouk ŕc pĆdè`tuk. VĆ vlold mfud fl sld`cicfmŦcl putld olsfeplrc pl`tru mflstl fe`flptl+ mstilk à`fèt teŦc emdl`cc sĆ hl`licfclzl ol pl urdm mflster lxpkcfmŦcc. ^rcduk oc` flkl trlc fuvc`tl lstl ŕc flk dmc dmrl oc`trl temtl. Fbcmr ŕc vec+ omfĆ oercŦc sĆ $k restcŦc mŕm fud trlhucl ŕc fud dlrctĆ sĆ icl preù`Ŧmt+ mr trlhuc sĆ rcocfmŦc veflm ŕc sĆ spercŦc tl`scu`lm km `cvlkuk femrolker vefmkl. ŐtcŦc vec emrl fl preù`ŦmŦc mtu`fc fèò restcŦc mflst fuvè`t5 @u+ ù ŕtcŦc+ omr putlŦc c`tuc. FĆfc ld+ à` fmrl kefuclsf spcrctlkl flkl dmc à`mktl'. cmtĆ+ Flruk lstl sĆkmŕuk supr ld+ Dmc dukt olfèt mtèt+ lstl sĆkmŕuk Dlu plrdm`l`t. Flruk lstl sudm tetmkĆ m tuturer hlmtctuoc`cker+ kefuk à` fmrl temtl spcrctlkl fmrl trĆclsf à` kudc`m flm dmc purĆ+ iĆrĆ `cfc flk fl k dmc dcf pĆfmt+ mspcrèò lxfkuscv fĆtrl mtrchutlkl Dlkl ocvc`l+ ocvc`l+ ouf e vcmŦĆ lxtmtcfĆ+ pl fmrl vec+ flc fmrl trĆcŦc pl mflmstĆ pkm`ltĆ dcfuŦĆ+ ù mŦc putlm $e à`Ŧlkljl `cfceomtĆ ŕc mhcm omfĆ v$mŦc putlm$e cdmjc`m. Lvcol`t+ ŕc km mflst `cvlk lxcstĆ ocilrctl jrmol ol plrilfŦcu`l+ fĆfc preflsuk ol lvekuŦcl ù à`fltlmzĆ `cfceomtĆ+ mtètm vrldl fèt Lu frllz à` plrdm`l`ŦĆ èc u`cvlrsurc+ à` fmrl mpmr ŕc sl olzvektĆ èc silrl ol mfŦcu`l. @Ćsfutl à` flrurc+ temtl sfè`tlckl vclŦcc "suikltlkl# clŕctl oc` Dc`l fĆkĆterlsf $ à`seŦctl ol spcrctlkl Dlkl m`jlkcfl $ fĆtrl ze`lkl cìlrcemrl mkl frlmŦclc+ à` fmrl sfè`tlcm ocvc`Ć mhcm omfĆ dmc kcfĆrlŕtl+ à`jrepmtĆ à` strmtuk jres ol dmtlrcl. Flrurckl sl mikĆ oc`feke ol jkehurckl ŕc ol scstldlkl sekmrl dmtlrcmkl+ à` lkl oed`lsf pmflm ltlr`Ć ŕc cuhcrlm ocvc`Ć. Vpcrctlkl fmrl trĆclsf à` lkl fuèsf ilrcfcrlm suprldĆ+ fĆfc prcduk prc`fcpcu iuòmdl`tmk mk vclŦcc spcrctumkl ocvc`l fe`stĆ à` cdctmrlm mtrchutlker Dlkl ŕc à` àdpkc`crlm fe`tcùĆ m vec`Ŧlc Dlkl+ à` deo fe`ŕtcl`t ŕc oc` cuhcrl imŦĆ ol Dc`l. Flrurckl flkl dmc à`mktl+ mfeke uòl oed`lŕtl mrde`cm ltlr`Ć m spcrctlker+ su`t fmrmftlrczmtl ol msldl`lm ol scdpkctmtl+ sdlrl`cl ŕc cuhcrl imŦĆ ol sldl`c+ ousl km plrilfŦcu`l. Lu à`sudc su`t lxprlscm mflster fmkctĆŦc. Mfeke Dc$md mrm`gmt Lu à`sudc sĆkmŕuk+ à` feìer dc dctmtl fu jèòurckl ŕc fu oerc`Ŧlkl Dlkl. Mŕm stmu kufrurckl oc`tetolmu`m ŕc mŕm ver rĆdè`l ol $m pururc. Mfeke DĆ ver jĆsc+ plstl dckcmrol ol m`c+ mflkl suikltl pclroutl oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk fmrl sl ver rljĆsc pl sc`l ŕc sl ver purcicfm prc` ocilrctl à`flrfĆrc+ olsfeplrcò oc` èu fmklm fĆtrl Dc`l. Mtu`fc fèò sl vm preoufl mflst kufru+ temtl kudckl ver ic trm`sierdmtl+ m ŕm fud md micrdmt fèòvm+ fĆfc mtu`fc lkl àŕc ver ic àdpkc`ct dl`crlm ŕc ù ver dmc ic `lflsmrl mflstl ŕfekc mkl à`flrfĆrcker ŕc purcicfĆrcc. Mŕm fud lstl icrlsf+ mtu`fc fèò temtl icc`Ŧlkl ver olvl`c fe`ŕtcl`tl ol spcrctumkctmtlm ker suplrcemrĆ+ kudckl ver trlhuc mktilk mrm`gmtl+ iccò à`zlstrmtl fu e strĆkufcrl+ e spklòemrl ŕc e hlmtctuoc`l dmc dmrc+ pl`tru fm mflstl spcrctl purcic fmtl sĆ mchĆ km ocspezcŦcl u` èu dmtlrcmk pl`tru





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fĆtrl Dc`l+ rlprlzc`tĆ fbc`tlsl`Ŧm cuhcrcc Dlkl `lsièrŕctl+ lxprcdmtĆ suh ierdĆ ol su`ltl+ fukerc ŕc fuvc`tl. Mfeke+ teŦc trĆclsf km u`cse`+ ŕc iclfmrl sl hufurĆ dmc prlsus ol ercfl ol ilrcfcrlm flkuckmktFlm dmc à`mktĆ lxmktmrl pl fmrl e putlŦc fuèmŕtl vec+ pĆdè`tl`cc+ icl prc` rujĆfcu`l+ icl prc` klfturm pelzclc smu msfuktmrlm duzcfcc lklvmtl+ ŕc fmrl vĆ pemrtĆ ‐à` mk èuĆklm flr—+ oupĆ fud spu`lŦc vec à`ŕcvĆ+ c`tucò mstilk lxcstl`Ŧm suplrcemrĆ oc` flrurc+ ù rlprlzc`tĆ à` flruk Dlu suprld olfèt flk dmc cìlrcer jrmo ol ilrcfcrl+ fu dl`Ŧcu`lm fĆ mfeke ilrcfcrlm lstl plrdm`l`tĆ+ ù e stmrl trlfĆtemrl. @u vĆ pet lxpkcfm+ omr dmc mkls ù vĆ pet lxldpkcicfm fllm fl scdtl u` spcrct à` mflmstĆ kudl plrilftĆ+ fĆfc ù mŦc putlm supertm mflmstĆ lxldpkcicfmrl à` trupuk vestru pĆdè`tlsf+ cmr omfĆ mŦc putlm rlŦc`l à` dldercm vemstrĆ fbcmr ŕc ùdmc pl`tru e sc`jurĆ slfuòĆ mflmstĆ ilrcfcrl+ tet fllm fl lxcstĆ pl pĆdè`tuk vestru v $mr udpkl ol olzjust. YĆ spu` mflst kufru ùdmc pl`tru m vĆ à`furmgm sĆ mspcrmŦc dmc sus+ ŕtccò fl ilrcfcrl àk mŕtlmptĆ pl mflkm fmrl sl supu`l pl sc`l dmrcker à`flrfĆrc+ pkc` ol plrslvlrl`ŦĆ ŕc oc`tr$e cuhcrl purĆ imŦĆ ol Dc`l. À` mflmstĆ kudl à` fmrl zcum lstl vlŕ`cfĆ+ iĆrĆ sĆ mktlr`lzl fu èmptlm+ fĆkourm ù lstl à`kefuctĆ `cfceomtĆ ol ircj+ cmr vcmŦm ù dmc pemtl ic à`vc`sĆ ol demrtl. Vpcrctlkl hlmtcicfl su`t à`fe`gurmtl ol e dmrl plrdm`l`tĆ ŕc ltlr`Ć ol kudc`Ć+ fmrl imfl fm tet fl kl à`fe`gemrĆ sĆ strĆkuflmsfĆ+ ŕc pet vlolm tet fllm fl sl pltrlfl à` mktl kudc frlmtl+ à` lsl`Ŧm ker spcrctumkĆ. Vprl lxldpku+ vec putlŦc vlolm e ikemrl mkl fĆrlc fukerc vĆ olsimtĆ efbcuk+ mk fĆrlc pmriud vĆ dè`jècl scdŦurckl+ omr ù àc putlŦc fuèmŕtl sld`cicfmŦcm spcrctumkĆ+ mflm suhstm`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ fmrl furjl à` sus ŕc à` ges prc` vl`lkl lc tuhukmrl+ ŕc temtl ldm`mŦcckl `mturcc suplrcemrl+ à`flpèò fu kudc`m sekmrĆ fmrl rlprlzc`tĆ dmdm mflster fukerc ŕc pmriudurc mkl ikercc+ ŕc pè`Ć km flkl dmc à`mktl ŕc dmc rmic`mtl fmkctĆŦc mkl lc. MflmstĆ ikemrl pemtl ic jĆsctĆ ŕc à` flruk Dlu+ uòl sl rliklftĆ tet fllm fl m iest fr lmt vrleomtĆ. OmfĆ mŦc putlm vlolm mflmstĆ ikemrl mfeke+ mŦc à`Ŧlkljl fĆ ierdm lc lstl mkfĆtuctĆ oc` kudc`Ć+ fukemrlm lc iccò e strĆkufcrl purĆ+ cmr pmriuduk lc mvèò orlpt ferlspeòl`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ suprldĆ u` cd` ltlr` ol kmuoĆ mous Frlmterukuc sĆu @udmc mtu`fc mŦc putlm à`Ŧlkljl fl à`slmd`Ć fe`tldpkmrlm spcrctumkĆ ŕc fèt ol kcdctmtl su`t scdŦurckl vemstrl à` mflmstĆ kudl. @u vĆ imflŦc à`sĆ prehkldl à` kljĆturĆ fu stmrlm scdŦurcker vemstrl mtètm vrldl fèt su`tlŦc pl pĆdè`t. Flm fmrl m mrm`gmt mstilk kufrurckl m iest dè`m à`ŦlklmptĆ m _mtĆkuc prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl+ ŕc olŕc vec ù àc vlŦc putlm à`Ŧlkljl `cfceomtĆ sfepurckl Vmkl+ putlŦc ic fe`vc`ŕc fĆ mflstlm mu à`tetolmu`m fm iuòmdl`t cuhcrlm ŕc à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm flm dmc à`mktĆ+ ŕc fĆ lxcstĆ e detcvmŦcl iemrtl hc`l à`tldlcmtĆ pl`tru fmrl vec ù vlŦc putlm fuèmŕtl ilrcfcrlm suprldĆ olfèt oupĆ ùdlremsl feìkcftl ŕc oupĆ e plrcemoĆ àòlku`jmtĆ+ ŕc `cfc fbcmr mtu`fc fu teŦcc+ fc ùdmc e pmrtl oc`trl vec "à` iu`fŦcl ol cuhcrlm iclfĆrucm#. Ormjcc Dlc fepcc+ omf Ć v mŕ plrdctl sĆ vĆ hufurmŦc pl kef ol temtl mflstl prlmilrcfcrc "pl fmrl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Ol mfllm+ teŦc flc fmrl oerlsf sĆ olvc`Ć fepccc Dlc+ fĆrerm kl $md rlzlrvmt prlmilrcfcrlm suprldĆ+ trlhucl dmc à`tèc sĆ $ŕc dlrctl mflst stmtut+ prc` lierturckl olpusl. OupĆ mtc`jlrlm stĆrcc suprldl ol fe`ŕtcc`ŦĆ+ lk vm mgu`jl sĆ hc`lfuvè`tlzl temtl feìkcftlkl ŕc suilrc`Ŧlkl km fmrl m iest supus ŕc fmrl k$mu feòus km rlsplftcvm stmrl ol prlmilrcfcrl+ à` fmrl pemtl à`Ŧlkljl à` sièrŕct spcrctumkc $ tmtlm fmrl u`lŕtl temtl kufrurckl . À` mflmstĆ ltmpĆ+ lk prcdlŕtl èc àòmtercrc+ splfcicfl uùc à`jlr+ prc` àòlpkc`crlm fĆrerm pemtl mvlm mffls km u` èu `cvlk ol ilrcfcrl+ suplrcer. Vpu`lmd eomtĆ fĆ ercfl icc`ŦĆ udm`Ć pemrtĆ à` sc`l u` à`trlj u`cvlrs. Oerlsf mfud sĆ momuj fĆ lm fe`Ŧc`l à` sc`l+ km e sfmrĆ dcfrefesdcfĆ+ olscjur+ ŕc flruk suprld ol fmrl v$md verh ct pè`Ć mfud. Fu iclfmrl imptĆ hu`Ć+ fu iclfmrl vcftercl fèŕtcjmtĆ àdpetrcvm pmscu`cker lc+ à` c`cdm sm pĆtruòl e èuĆ rmzĆ ol kudc`Ć oc` mflst flr dc`cmturmk mk cuhcrcc+ fmrl ferlspuòl kudcc spcrctukuc. Lstl oemr e rmzĆ trlfĆtemrl+ e c`tucŦcl+ u` strcjĆt ol hufurcl mk suikltukuc+ fmrl+ vmc-+ ù lstl plrdm`l`t. Lstl oemr u` dedl`t à` fmrl spcrctuk kĆu`trcf àc mrmtĆ edukuc fl fedemrĆ pemrtĆ à` c`cdm sm+ fedemrĆ fmrl àc vm mpmrŦc`l pl olpkc` à`tr $e hu`Ć zc+ omfĆ àŕc vm fe`tcùm fu plrslvlrl`ŦĆ fmklm ocicfckĆ. Vc`jurm urdĆ pl fmrl spcrctuk e kmsĆ msuprm suikltukuc ù lstl olfèt e hrczĆ uŕemrĆ+ fmrl vc`l ŕc pklmfĆ+ iĆrĆ fm fc`lvm sĆ ŕtcl uòl m ocspĆrut. Xmzm oc` flr ù m iest olfèt u` mvlrtcsdl`t fmrl c$m spus7 ‐@u tl dmc pkè`jl+ fc àòurĆ- Ym vl`c zcum fèò tl vlc hufurm pl`tru tetolmu`m ol prlmilrcfcrlm fmrl mfud m trlfut prc` vcmŦm tm fu vctlzm iukjlrukuc-— Mŕmomr+ ù ocsplrmŦc+ fepccc Dlc- Flruk vĆ mŕtlmptĆ fu hrmŦlkl olsfbcsl- Fm sĆ vĆ à`furmglz+ vĆ plrdct u`lerc sĆ$k scdŦcŦc+ mtèt fèt vĆ plrdctl fe`stctuŦcm vemstrĆ iczcfĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ mftumkĆ. Dmc dukt ù mŦc putlm supertm. Őc fbcmr omfĆ uùk oc`trl vec mr putlm supertm dmc duktĆ hlmtctuoc`l+ à` dcgkefuk sldl`cker sĆc lk s $mr scdŦc `lilrcfct+ ŕc à` kef sĆ $ŕc urdlzl fu plrslvlrl`ŦĆ fmklm+ s$mr prĆhuŕc suh pevmrm ocsplrĆrcc. Ol mfllm+ vĆ rlmdc`tlsf oc` èu fĆ Lu+ _mtĆk vestru+ md mrm`gmt mstilk kufrurckl $ à` à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm Dlm cìc`ctĆ $ à`fèt fepccc Dlc s Ć pemtĆ supertm ŕc preictm ol pl urdm mflster dedl`tl ol lxtmz. VĆ `l à`temrfld mfud mtl`Ŧcm msuprm cm oukuc. _et fl v$ md spus pè`Ć mfud à` kljĆturĆ fu flruk pemtl ic mpkcfmt à` ljmkĆ dĆsurĆ ŕc cmoukuc+ omr+ frlo fĆ ù dmc trlhucl sĆ c`scst+ fu sld` sfbcdhmt. Ol mfllm+ ù vĆ vec spu`l km ilk ol duktl kufrurc olsprl cmo+ olsprl erjm`czmrlm ŕc `mturm mflstucm+ fĆfc ù$Dc imfl `cfc e pkĆflrl sĆ DĆ jèòlsf km lk+ cmr veuĆ ù v $mr slrvc prlm dukt omfĆ vc k$mŕ olsfrcl à` oltmkcu. Lstl suicfcl`t sĆ ŕtcŦc fĆ mflstm lxcstĆ à` rlmkctmtl+ sprl olzmvm`tmguk Dlu ŕc mk vestru+ olepetrcvĆ. Vc`juruk kufru pl fmrl oerlsf sĆ$k ŕtcŦc lstl fĆ cmouk lstl àdpĆrŦct ŕc lk à` ocilrctl jrmomŦcc+ fmrl ferlspuò uèr trlptl prejrlscvl mkl rĆukuc+ mvèò à` fl`truk sĆu rlŕloc`Ŧm kuc Vmtm` à`suŕc''Vmtm` lstl plrse`cicfmrlm r Ćukuc+ Ćukuc+ mŕm fud Lu rlprlzc`t plrse`cicfmrlm hc`lkuc. Ol mfllm+ mtrchutlkl kuc su`t epusl mtrchutlker Dlkl+ iccò e fbc`tlsl`ŦĆ m tuturer pmscu`cker peschckl. Ol pckoĆ+ à` tcdp fl Lu imf temtl lierturckl sĆ pĆstrlz à`trlmjm frlmŦcl+ oc` fmuzm cuhcrcc pl fmrl c $e pert+ lk imfl tet



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Mstilk+ lkl ù lzct Ć sĆ kl olsfrcl `mcvcker kudlm lxtlrcemrĆ ŕc pkĆflrckl lc fm iccò dcù`mtl+ pl`tru m trlzc à` lc justuk à`ŕlkĆfcu`cc+ mk dc`fcu`cc+ mk olsirèukuc ŕc mk tuturer pmscu`cker cìlrcemrl+ pl`tru m$c trm`sierdm à` ‐irmŦcc— ker old`c ol mflst ùdl. DĆ vlŦc à`trlhm7 ‐Hc`l+ omr fud peŦc plrdctl _u+ Frlmteruk+ lxcstl`Ŧm mflster bemrol ol spcrctl dmklicfl ŕc pl flm m stĆpèùkuc ker5 Ol fl ù mfflpŦc prc`tr $u` sc`jur fuvè`t ocstrujlrlm mflster icc`Ŧl fmrl sl epu` fbldĆrcc hkèòl m cuhcrcc _mkl ŕc m mtrchutlker _mkl ocvc`l5 Km urdm urdlc+ ol fl kl $mc czje`ct tefdmc pl pĆdè`t+ à`trl temtl kefurckl oc` u`cvlrs+ à` feòcŦcckl à` fmrl lxcstĆ mtètlm dckcem`l ol pkm`ltl ŕc ol serc fmrl àŕc urdlmzĆ fmklm pl erhctlkl ker à` spmŦcuk cìc`ct5 Ol fl icc`Ŧlkl fmrl trĆclsf pl lkl àŕc pet urdm `lstc`jblrctl lvekuŦcm fĆtrl purcicfmrl+ iĆrĆ sĆ icl lxpusl uùc msldl`lm fbc`5 Ol fl tefdmc èc+ flc pl fmrl _u àc ùdlŕtc *fepccc _Ćc*+ ol ormjuk fĆrerm _l$mc à`trupmt pl mflst pĆdè`t+ msudèòu$Ŧc mflm suilrc`ŦĆ cdl`sĆ+ ol fl tefdmc èc $ flc prcvckljcmŦc $ trlhucl sĆ icd supuŕc flker dmc fudpkctl à`flrfĆrc+ iccò lxpuŕc tuturer tl`tmŦccker peschckl5— Ormjcc Dlc fepcc- Oc` plrsplftcvm vemstr Ć+ mflmstĆ à`trlhmrl lstl à`tru tetuk gustcicfmtĆ. Ol mfllm+ trlhucl sĆ vĆ lxpkcf fedpertmdl`tuk Dlu+ fm sĆ vĆ omŦc slmdm fĆ Lu su`t _mtĆk vestru prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl "fbcmr omfĆ km prcdm vlolrl kufrurckl ù pmr sĆ stlm fbcmr mŕm-#+ mrm`gèò kufrurckl à`fĆ ol km à`flputuk ltlr`ctĆŦcc ùdmc à` mvm`tmguk vestru ŕc fe`tcùèò mpec sĆ mfŦce`lz ùdmc pl`tru hu`Ćstmrlm fepccker Dlc. Md verhct à`tr$e kufrmrl m`tlrcemrĆ ol u` à`jlr fĆzut+ fmrl m trms oupĆ lk u` ùdĆr cdl`s ol spcrctl. Y$md lxpkcfmt à` fmrtlm ‐Fmsm Oedùkuc‛ ''' fĆ oupĆ fĆolrl+ à`trlmjm suhstm`ŦĆ m suikltukuc kuc c$ m iest kumtĆ+ ocvczmtĆ à` pmrtcfukl ŕc à`tld`cŦmtĆ à` dmtlrcl+ mvèò jrcgĆ sĆ sl à `temrfĆ `temrfĆ trlptmt fĆtrl Dc`l+ urdèò fmklm plrilfŦce`Ćrcc ol sc`l. _eŦc flc `ĆsfuŦc pl mflst pĆdè`t+ fu lxflpŦcm spcrctlker vl`ctl oc` mktl kudc fmrl mu iest dutmtl mcfc fu sfepuk ol m olvl`c fepcc mc Dlc+ rlprlzc`tĆ mflstl pmrtcfukl oc` suikltuk à`jlrukuc fĆzut. Lkl trlhucl sĆ urdlzl mflkmŕc orud mk lvekuŦclc fm ŕc flklkmktl spcrctl à`tld`cŦmtl à` dmtlrcl. Y$md dmc lxpkcfmt mfeke fĆ à`jlruk fĆzut m iest czje`ct à` kefuk fmrl rlprlzc`tĆ ŕfemkm Dlm pl`tru flrurc+ mocfĆ pl pĆdè`tuk vestru. Mcfc àŕc olsiĆŕemrĆ l k flk dmc c`tl`s mftcvctmtlm+ epu`èòu$sl Dcl ŕc eroc`cc Dlkl. Y$md lxpkcfmt m`tlrcer temtl mflstl kufrurc+ prlfud ŕc detcvuk pl`tru fmrl flkl dmc dmrc tl`tmŦcc ŕc plrcfekl ŕc plrcfekl trlhucl sĆ lxcstl lxmft à` kefuk à` fmrl spcrctlkl ŕc$mu msudmt dcscu`lm ol m c`trm à` àdpĆrĆŦcm Dlm+ purtèò prc` cmo ŕc prc`tr$u` Ŧcùt hklstldmt fruflm suilrc`Ŧlc ŕc m cuhcrcc+ à`tru skmvm Dlm ŕc sprl olzeèmrlm dmrlkuc Dlu movlrsmr. Mŕm sl imfl fĆ à` peicom tuturer sloufŦccker ŕc dmrcker tl`tmŦcc fu fmrl Vmtm` àŕc rmfeklmzĆ molpŦcc+ iĆfèòu $c mpec sĆ pkĆtlmsfĆ à`sutct pl`tru iclfmrl oc`trl lkl+ prc` flkl dmc fudpkctl fbcùrc mkl cmoukuc+ pl pĆdè`tuk vestru lxcstĆ tetuŕc suikltl fmpmhckl sĆ rlzcstl tuturer tl`tmŦccker+ sĆ à`temrfĆ spmtlkl tuturer predcscu`cker kuc+ `loercò sĆ $c mpmrŦc`Ć kuc+ fc ùdmc Dcl. Mflstl suikltl vcrtuemsl rluŕlsf sĆ Ŧc`Ć rcocfmt stcòmrouk sdlrl`clc+ mk frloc`Ŧlc ŕc mk cuhcrcc+ fu



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Xlzuktmtuk àk fuèmŕtlŦc7 lk m à`flput sĆ àŕc olm slmdm+ mtèt km sfmrĆ dmfre fèt ŕc km sfmrĆ dcfre+ fĆ temtl lierturckl kuc su`t à` zmomr ŕc fĆ ol $m ku`juk mtèter le`c s$m epus cùtck Flkuc fmrl k$ m frlmt ŕc fmrl k$mr prcdc ŕc mstĆzc fu hrmŦlkl olsfbcsl+ fm pl u` ‐icu rcscpcter—+ omfĆ s$mr fĆc. _emtl mflstl kufrurc sl ver pltrlfl fu scjurm`ŦĆ+ omr ù cdlocmt+ fc trlptmt+ mŕm fud v$md pevlstct olgm à` kufrmrlm ‐Flkl oeuĆsprlzlfl erl—. Mtu`fc fèò spu`lmd fĆ iclfmrl ed pemrtĆ à` sc`l+ km sfmrĆ dcfre+ temtl flrurckl Dlkl+ DĆ rlilrlmd cdpkcfct ŕc km sĆdè`Ŧm cmoukuc+ ŕc olfc km à`fkc`mŦcm ol m pĆfĆtuc sm u ol m mfŦce`m àdpetrcvm eroc`cc Dlkl+ frlèòu$ŕc mstilk u` cmo à` dc`cmturĆ. MflmstĆ sĆdè`ŦĆ sl mikĆ à` c`cdm edukuc pl`tru f Ć iĆrĆ rlfuèmŕtlrlm epusukuc sĆu $ vcfcuk+ vcrtutlm ù mr putlm ic vcrtutl+ ŕc iĆrĆ rlfuèmŕ tlrlm urcc+ cuhcrlm ù mr putlm ic cuhcrl- OmfĆ à`tu`lrcfuk ù mr lxcstm+ vec ù mŦc putlm mprlfcm kudc`m1 omfĆ ù mŦc lxplrcdl`tm oc` fèò à` fèò ircjuk ŕc à`jblŦuk+ ù v $mŦc putlm hufurm ol pkĆfutm sl`zmŦcl m fĆkourcc fmrl vĆ à`vĆkucl trlptmt. Ol mfllm+ sc`juruk kef à` fmrl Dc$mŕ ic putut frlm ‐ŕfemkm ol fepcc mc Dl c— lrm mflkm à` fmrl spcrctlkl su`t supusl tuturer tl`tmŦccker ŕc tuturer pmscu`ckerFl mr ic vcmŦm iĆrĆ feìkcft5 E scdpkĆ trlflrl m tcdpukuc+ deète`Ć+ iĆrĆ fm vec sĆ vĆ omŦc slmdm fĆ m trlfut e zc ŕc fĆ à`flpl e mktm. YcmŦm vemstrĆ ù mr dmc mvlm `cfc u` sl`s+ mr ic kcpsctĆ ol smrl ŕc pcplrMŕm fud smrlm oc` mkcdl`tlkl vemstrl+ oc` pkm`tl+ dltmkl+ ŕc fbcmr oc` mlr ŕc oc` stedmfurckl vemstrl+ rlprlzc`tĆ e fedpe`l`tĆ cdpertm`tĆ m u`lc ocjlstcc ferlftl+ stcdukèò vcmŦm+ km ilk+ smrlm vclŦcc spcrctumkl lstl tl`tmŦcm+ mocfĆ tlòc`Ŧm ol m jèòc ŕc ol m mfŦce`m à` mimrm rljukcker. OmterctĆ mflstuc fe`trmst ŕc mflstlc c`fctĆrc+ pmrtlm suplrcemrĆ m Vc`lkuc vestru lstl à`tĆrctĆ. YcmŦm vemstrĆ iczcfĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ lstl susŦcùtĆ ol mflst mkcdl`t+ cmr fe`tcùctmtlm lc lstl mscjurmtĆ. Hufurcm ol m mtc`jl u` èu jrmo ol plrilfŦcu`l ù mpmrl olfèt omterctĆ kuptlker ŕc feìkcftlker+ fĆfc omfĆ mŦc putlm mvm`sm iĆrĆ sĆ vĆ czhcŦc ol `cfc u` ehstmfek+ ù mŦc dmc olvl`c fe`ŕtcl`Ŧc ol prejrlsuk iĆfut. Fèò semrlkl ol ocdc`lm ŦĆ àŕc trcdctl prcdlkl rmzl msuprm pmgcŕtcker ol pl pĆdè`t+ à`trlmjm `mturĆ sfemtl u` strcjĆt ol hufurcl. _emtl icc`Ŧlkl fè`tĆ mtu`fc u` cd` ol skmvĆ mous kudc`cc ŕc Frlmterukuc lc "iclfmrl pl kcdhm sm7 u`lkl fetfeoĆflsf+ mktlkl fcrcplsf+ smu sfet ocilrctl mktl su`ltl#. Fbcmr ŕc pcfĆturm ol reuĆ ol pl e iru`zĆ+ à`vlŕdè`tmtĆ à` strĆkufcrlm lc ol ocmdm`t+ rliklftĆ mstilk hektm ol kudc`Ć ol olmsuprm lc+ hufurèòu$sl ol rlvl`crlm zcklc oup Ć à`tu`lrcfuk èpŦcc. $ Ol fl5 _efdmc pl`tru fĆ à`tu`lrcfuk ŕc ircjuk èpŦcc kl$m plrdcs tuturer frlmturcker sĆ scdtĆ ŕc sĆ fe`ŕtcl`tczlzl vmkemrlm kudc`cc ŕc m fĆkourccKm ilk sl pltrlf kufrurckl ŕc oc` plrsplftcvm spcrctumkĆ. Vuikltuk u`lc icc`Ŧl frlmtl ù pemtl rlfuèmŕtl oukflmŦm cuhcrcc spcrctumkl ŕc ù pemtl prejrlsm fĆtrl e vcmŦĆ suplrcemrĆ olfèt omfĆ m trlfut prc` ocilrctl à`flrfĆrc ŕc fmpfm`l+ fuèsfèò pkl`mr suilrc`Ŧm. Mhcm oupĆ fl m à`flput sĆ mvm`slzl fu pmŕc dcfc+ lk à`flpl sĆ sl hufurl ol prejrlsuk iĆfut+ spercòu$ŕc mstilk lierturckl pl`tru m mtc`jl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

flk ol$mk trlcklm fe`flpt pl fmrl Dc$md prepus sĆ vc$k lxpkcf+ pl`tru m à`Ŧlkljl cuhcrlm ŕc à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm ^Ćrc`tlkuc vestru à` temtĆ jkercm ker. "@. _r. ^l`tru dmc dukt Ć fkmrctmtl+ à` pmrmjrmilkl fmrl urdlmzĆ md pĆstrmt fuvc`tlkl f uvc`tlkl jlrdm`l pl`tru ‐flr—+ ‐cmo— ŕc ‐pĆdè`t—+ moĆujèò à`trl pmrm`tlzl trmouflrlm ker.# OmfĆ preù`ŦmŦc fuvè`tuk Bcddlk "flr# su`tlŦc `lvecŦc sĆ rcocfmŦc veflm+ à` tcdp fl mtu`fc fèò preù`ŦmŦc fuvè`tuk Bekkl "cmo# su`tlŦc `lvecŦc sĆ e feherèŦc. Iclfmrl oc` flkl oeuĆ fuvc`tl `lflsctĆ e iekescrl ocilrctĆ m duŕfbcker vefmkc+ km ilk fm ŕc à` fmzuk fuvè`tukuc Lrol "pĆdè`t#+ fèò trlhucl sĆ olsfbcolŦc jurm kmrjĆ. Fbcmr ŕc mtu`fc fèò preù`ŦmŦc mflstl trlc fuvc`tl à` kcdhm vemstrĆ+ tetuk m iest mstilk mrm`gmt à`fèt spcrctlkl fmrl su`t dmc imdckcmrczmtl olfèt vec fu ierduklkl ferlspeòl`tl mkl frlmŦclc sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ oc` à`sĆŕc lxprlscm duŕfbcker veŕtrc imfcmkc sld`cicfmŦcm fuvè`tukuc preù`Ŧmt. Mtu`fc fèò preù`ŦmŦc fuvè`tuk Bcddlk "flr#+ rcocfmrlm te`mkctĆŦcc ferlspuòl à`tru tetu k vchrmŦclc splfcicfl kudcker flklstl. Mtu`fc fèò preù`ŦmŦc fuvè`tuk Bekkl "cmo#+ flruk jurcc trlhucl à`justmt+ km ilk fm e plŕtlrĆ. Ferlspeòl`Ŧm oc`trl dcŕfmrlm duŕfbcker ŕc olsfrclrlm cmoukuc lst l lvcol`tĆ. Fuvè`tuk Bcddlk "flr# lstl preù`Ŧmt fu prcvcrlm ercl`tmtĆ à` deo `mturmk à` sus+ à` tcdp fl fuvè`tuk Bekkl "cmo# lstl preù`Ŧmt fu prcvcrlm ercl`tmtĆ à` ges+ smu à` ercfl fmz iĆrĆ m prcvc à` sus. À` sièrŕct+ fuvè`tuk Lrol "pĆdè`t# lstl preù`Ŧmt à` deo `mturmk fu jurm kmrj olsfbcsĆ ŕc fu prcvcrlm ercl`tmtĆ à`mc`tl. Md ocsfutmt pl kmrj olsprl prcdlkl oeuĆ fe`flptl+ mŕm fĆ ù `l dmc rĆdè`l olfèt sĆ `l efupĆd oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl iczcf ŕc spcrctumk ol flk ol$ mk trlcklm+ flk fmrl lstl preù`Ŧmt fu e mùdctĆ olsfbcolrl. Lstl verhm ol pĆdè`t+ sĆkmŕuk vestru. ^l`tru m preù`Ŧm fuvè`tuk Lrol "pĆdè`t#+ jurm trlhucl olsfbcsĆ pl kmtlrmkĆ+ fu huzlkl rcocfmtl à` sus+ olsfeplrcò à`trljuk ŕcrmj mk oc`Ŧcker. MflmstĆ $molvĆr+ lxcstĆ e ferlspeòl`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ+ à` sl`suk fĆ pl dcŕfmrl ù lstl olkef à`tèdpkĆtemrl+ à`tr $mol pĆdè`t+ fllm fl lstl dmc demkl+ mocfĆ huzlkl oc` fmr`l+ sl mikĆ suh rlstrcfŦcl+ lxpu`èò pmrtlm dmc tmrl $ oc`Ŧcc+ fĆrerm kl ferlspuòl ltcfm smu dermkm. CmtĆ olfc+ ormjcc Dlc fepcc+ fmrl lstl sld`cicfmŦcm oc`Ŧcker+ mflmstĆ strufturĆ esemsĆ ilrdĆ+ fmrl scdhekczlmzĆ scdhekczlmzĆ supertuk c`cŦcmk ŕc plrdm`l`t+ mtèt km `cvlkuk edukuc fèt ŕc km `cvlkuk pĆdè`tukuc. Lc omu e ierdĆ irudemsĆ ilŦlc+ trm`silrèò msuprm msplftukuc lxtlrcer mk ferpukuc iruduslŦlm dermkĆ smu c`tlrcemrĆ m mflstucm+ à` deo scdckmr+ mflst supert susŦc`l vctmkctmtlm c`tlrcemrĆ m ferpukuc pĆdè`tukuc à`suŕc+ moufèò km suprmimŦm mflstucm iruduslŦlm sm c`tlrcemrĆ. ^rc`trl mktlkl+ oc`Ŧcc scdhekczlmzĆ msplftuk dermk $spcrctumk+ iccò erjmùk spcrctumk mk ocjlstclc+ fllm fl sl trmoufl à ` vcmŦm lxtlrcemrĆ prc` trm`sdutmrlm rĆukuc à` hc`l. À` jurĆ+ sĆrurckl oc` sufuk ocjlstcv mk smkcvlc sl mdlstlfĆ fu mkcdl`tlkl zorehctl ol oc`Ŧc1 à` deo ferlspeòl`t+ smrlm sld`cicfĆ cdpuksuk ol m sl epu`l hc`lkuc+ cmr prc`fcpmkm vemstrĆ smrfc`Ć fe`stĆ à` m rlzcstm mflstlc tl`tmŦcc+ ehŦc`èò à` flkl oc` urdĆ vcftercm. _et fl prcdcŦc mcfc+ pl pĆdè`t+ lstl mdlstlfmt7 hc`lkl fu rĆuk+ cuhcrlm fu urm+ vcmŦm fu demrtlm. Mktilk spus+ flkl oeuĆ lxtrldl àŕc sfbcdhĆ fu uŕurc`ŦĆ rekuk+ l `lrjcm mvèò fmpmfctmtlm ol m trlfl ercfèò à` pekmrctmtlm sm epusĆ. OmfĆ mvlŦc putlrlm ol m lkcdc`m rĆuk ŕc vcfcuk+ ercfèt ol ols v $mr msmktm mflstlm+ lkl ù ver dmc putlm kĆsm e cdprlscl plrdm`l`tĆ msuprm suikltukuc vestru+ ŕc tet fl vm rĆdè`l





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

prejrlslmzĆ smu rljrlslmzĆ km rèòuk lc+ l c+ cmr mtu`fc fèò e `mŦcu`l demrl+ kcdhm lc demrl eomtĆ fu lm+ fĆfc lstl e icc`ŦĆ vcl. Kcdhm lstl e lxprlscl m suikltukuc. Fu f èt kcdhmguk lstl dmc lxmktmt ŕc dmc irudes+ fu mtèt dmc dmrl lstl c`tl`sctmtlm lxprlsclc smkl. Mflst kufru ù pemtl ic mprlfc mt à`sĆ olfèt ol spcrctl smu ol mflc emdl`c fmrl mu iest ckudc`mŦc prc` jrmŦcm Dlm ŕc fmrl olsfeplrĆ à` spmtlkl ocilrctlker dcŕfĆrc mkl kcdhcc+ mkl duŕfbcker imfcmkc ŕc kmrc`jlkuc+ prlfud ŕc à` ùm`Ŧlkl ocilrctlker su`ltl sfemsl+ ŕuclrmtl+ dlkeocemsl+ `mzmkl+ ltf.+ e sld`cicfmŦcl suplrcemrĆ+ spcrctumkĆ+ m uùc ^mrmocs pclrout+ fmrl m olvl`ct pl`tru vec km ilk ol c`fedprlbl`schck c`fedprlbl`schckĆ fm ŕc bclrejkcilkl. Őc à` mflmstĆ prcvc`ŦĆ+ pĆdè`tuk ocilrĆ ol flklkmktl kudc. À` jl`lrmk+ pl e pkm`ltĆ smu pl u` semrl lstl verhctĆ e sc`jurĆ kcdhĆ+ ŕc temtl icc`Ŧlkl ol pl lm urdlmzĆ mfllmŕc fmkl. @udmc pl pĆdè`tuk vestru lxcstĆ dcc ol kcdhc ocilrctl+ fbcmr omfĆ mu iest olrcvmtl oc` mfllmŕc kcdhĆ m`flstrmkĆ fedu`Ć+ à` mimrm mtèter mktl tlstl ol rĆhomrl ŕc plrslvlrl`ŦĆ+ kefuctercc mflstuc pĆdè`t su`t `lvecŦc sĆ à`vlŦl kcdhm mkter `mŦcu`c omfĆ oerlsf sĆ fedu`cfl fu irmŦcc ker+ lxprcdèòu $ŕc jèòurckl ŕc sl`tcdl`tlkl imŦĆ ol lc. OmfĆ oerlsf sĆ à`vlŦl flvm ol km irmŦcc ker strĆc`c+ smu sĆ kl spu`Ć flvm+ lc trlhucl sĆ kl à`vlŦl kcdhm smu sĆ sl iekeslmsfĆ ol u` trm`skmter. Ercuòl mŦc prcvc pl pĆdè`t+ ol km pepemrlkl prcdctcvl ŕc pè`Ć km `mŦcu`ckl flkl dmc fcvckczmtl+ vlŦc vlolm mjctmŦcm fe`tcùĆ m emdl`cker+ mikmŦc à` plrdm`l`ŦĆ à` fĆutmrlm m flvm. Lvcol`t+ prc`fcpmkm detcvmŦcl m mflstlc dcŕfĆrc e fe`stctucl fĆutmrlm ol sc`l. \ùk oc` lilftlkl smkl slfuòmrl àk fe`stctucl à`sĆ u`crlm `mŦcu`cker+ oerc`Ŧm emdl`cker ol m sl fuèmŕtl rlfcpref+ ol m sl mprlfcm ŕc ol m sl cuhc u`cc pl mkŦcc. Flc fmrl stuocmzĆ `mturm+ stlklkl+ ‛suprmimŦm ŕc c`tlrceruk pĆdè`tukuc+ àŕc àdpĆrtĆŕlsf fuèmŕtlrlm oehèòctĆ prc` jrmŦcm Dlm sldl`cker ker. Fuèŕtc`Ŧlkl ker olvc` mstilk huùk fedu` mk à`trljcc udm`ctĆŦc. IĆrĆ sĆ $ŕc olm slmdm+ smvm`Ŧcc veŕtrc urdlmzĆ pkmùk Dlu+ ù pl mk ker. À` mflst ilk àc louf Lu pl emdl`cc mflstuc pĆdè`t+ fmrl m iest fèòvm ŕc sĆkmŕuk Dlu+ à`vĆŦèòu $c sĆ mspcrl fĆtrl e vcmŦĆ dmc hu`Ć.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

@u trlhucl sĆ dĆsurmŦc à`sĆ tcdpuk lvl`cdl`tlker pl fmrl vc kl $md olsfrcs à` m`c+ fĆfc à` fmzuk Dlu ù lxcstĆ tcdp. Lu ù dĆser tcdpuk à` zckl ŕc èpŦc+ fĆfc pl`tru Dc`l ù lxcstĆ olfèt e zc plrdm`l`tĆ+ à` fmrl semrlkl cuhcrcc strĆkuflŕtl ol$m pururc+ ŕc km ilk vm strĆkufc pè`Ć fèò teŦc àŕc ver jĆsc oruduk sprl Dc`l+ _mtĆk ker prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl. Frlo fĆ lxpkcfmŦcckl Dlkl v $mu smtcsiĆfut. Lkl rlprlzc`tĆ e mktĆ kudc`Ć à` dmrlm vmkl m frlmŦclc Dlkl. JèòcŦc$vĆ olfc km fètĆ cuhcrl ŕc jrmŦcl rlvĆrs msuprm vemstrĆ+ c`fkuscv km pèc`lm spcrctumkĆ pl fmrl v$md eilrct$e mcfc+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ ù vĆ dmc àòecŦc vrleomtĆ fĆ tet fllm fl vlolŦc prevc`l oc` dè`m _mtĆkucYĆ hc`lfuvè`tlz pl teŦc- Mdc`. "' Ylzc ŕc7 ‐Xmcuk ŕc cmouk‛ cmouk‛ ol Ldmùlk Vwlol`herj `.r.# bttp7%%www.sfrcho.fed%oef%<<<:?=8 cho.fed%oef%<<<:?=8%E$XLYLKMCL$OC %E$XLYLKMCL$OCYC@$OLV^XL$CMO YC@$OLV^XL$CMO `.r.# "'' Ylzc ŕc7 bttp7%%www.sfr "''' Ylzc7 bttp7%%www.sfr bttp7%%www.sfrcho.fed%oef%?<2:<92 cho.fed%oef%?<2:<92%kerhlr$fmsm$oedùkuc$v %kerhlr$fmsm$oedùkuc$vek$C ek$C `.r.#

Fmpctekuk ? Olsprl sĆ`Ćtmtl+ hemkĆ ŕc demrtl "=6 cukcl =2:># Mvld oc` èu fm tld Ć ol ocsfuŦcl trlc fuvc`tl fmrl+ kumtl à` s l`suk ker `mturmk+ su`t uŕer ol olsfcirmt. VĆ`Ćtmtlm sl rlilrĆ km stmrlm èrdmkĆ m vclŦcc vemstrl vljltmtcvl+ à` fmrl temtl erjm`lkl àŕc àòlpkc`lsf iu`fŦcckl mŕm fud trlhucl+ iĆrĆ sĆ vĆ àdpclocfl mstilk sĆ vĆ urdmŦc fbldmrlm ŕc iĆrĆ sĆ



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Mtu`fc fèò spcrctuk edukuc àŕc pemtl lxlrfctm fu rljukmrctmtl cìkul`Ŧm msuprm suikltukuc+ ferpuk rĆdè`l sĆ`Ćtes+ à`tr $molvĆr+ mtèt pl m`smdhku fèt ŕc km `cvlkuk pĆrŦcker còcvcoumkl+ iruduslŦlm dermkĆ m suikltukuc àŕc jĆslŕtl lxprlscm ferlspeòl`tĆ à` ierdlkl iczcfl mkl ferpukuc sĆu+ mŕm fud sl à`tèdpkĆ ol pckoĆ fu imŦm edukuc+ fmrl rliklftĆ c`veku`tmr temtl à`fkc`mŦcckl+ mhlrmŦcckl ŕc pmscu`ckl smkl. ûŦc`c rluŕlsf à`sĆ sĆ fctlmsfĆ mflst kcdhmg mk trupukuc+ mk kc`ccker fmrl sl deocicfĆ pl imŦm edukuc+ rlvlkèò stmrlm suikltlmsfĆ m mflstucm. OmfĆ mŦc à`vĆŦm sĆ fctcŦc mflst kcdhmg+ mŦc olsfcirm à` mflmstĆ vlrctmhckĆ ejkcòĆ m suikltukuc ùdlremsl cìerdmŦcc fmrl v $mr imfl sĆ vĆ sfbcdhmŦc epc`cckl olsprl ocilrcŦc emdl`c+ mstilk à`fèt dukŦc oc`trl flc fmrl vĆ mtrmj Km erm mftumkĆ vc s$mr pĆrlm rlspc`jĆterc. À` à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm Dlm+ Lu ù md plrdcs à`sĆ rlvlkmrlm mflstuc slfrlt mk iczceèdc lc olfèt pl`tru u` ùdĆr dcf ol emdl`c+ fĆfc omfĆ temtĆ kudlm mr putlm fctc fmrmftlruk à` àìĆŦcŕmrlm lxtlrcemrĆ m flkerkmkŦc+ lvekuŦcm spcrctumkĆ m dukter emdl`c mr ic à`fltc`ctĆ+ cmr à` fmzuk mkterm fbcmr hkefmtĆ fedpklt. À` mflst ilk+ Lu kl plrdct ocmve kcker sĆ sl msfuòĆ à` spmtlkl uùc kcdhmg ilrdlfĆter smu mk uèr dm`clrl pekctcfemsl+ mdlstlfèòu$ sl mstilk fu flc hu`c+ iĆrĆ fm fc`lvm sĆ àŕc olm slmdm fl sl pltrlfl. Icc`Ŧlkl olprmvmtl mu mstilk ŕc lkl ŕm`sm sĆ à`vlŦl flvm hu` oc` fed pertmdl`tuk flkerkmkŦc+ kufru fmrl ù mr ic peschck omfĆ emdl`cc mr putlm fctc fmrmftlruk à` iu`fŦcl ol àìĆŦcŕmrlm lxtlrcemrĆ+ fĆfc mtu`fc+ sefcltmtlm c$ mr rlspc`jl pl kef pl flc rĆc+ fmrl ù s $mr dmc putlm msefcm olfèt à`trl lc+ iccò fedpklt czekmŦc ŕc iĆrĆ peschckctmtlm ol m fedu`cfm fu icc`Ŧlkl dmc lvekumtl olfèt lc. MflmstĆ sctumŦcl ù mr imfl olfèt sĆ à`rĆutĆŦlmsfĆ ŕc dmc tmrl kufrurckl. À` sfbcdh+ à` kudlm ol oc`feke sctumŦcm lstl ocilrctĆ. Mfeke+ iclfmrl spcrct àŕc oĆ slmdm pl kef fud lstl flkĆkmkt+ mstilk à`fèt àk pemtl lvctm pl kef omfĆ lstl rĆu+ fĆutèò fedpm`cm flker km ilk fm lk smu dmc hu`c. Ol mfllm+ pe schckctmtlm ol m olvl`c dmc hu` lstl iemrtl ocicfckĆ mfeke+ fĆfc à` mflm kudl molvĆruk ù pemtl ic msfu`s+ sprl oleslhcrl ol pĆdè`t+ uòl cpefrczcm cpefrczcm lstl km lm mfmsĆ. Mŕmomr+ fepccc Dlc+ imflŦc liertuk sĆ vĆ à`sĆ`ĆteŕcŦc suikltlkl+ ù vĆ epu`lŦc cìkul`Ŧlc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

olvc`Ć à`fĆ ŕc dmc trm`spmrl`tĆ ŕc sĆ àŕc msudl à` tetmkctmtl ierdm ferlspeòl`tĆ m plrse`mkctĆŦcc vemstrl kĆu`trcfl. Mŕmomr+ simtuk Dlu lstl sĆ olvl`cŦc irudeŕc oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk+ ŕc vĆ mscjur fĆ à` kudlm ol oc`feke vlŦc prcdc mflk vlŕdè`t fmrl vm ferlspuòl iruduslŦcc c`fe ruptchckl m spcrctukuc+ fmrl vĆ vm mgutm sĆ frlŕtlŦc à`fĆ ŕc dmc dukt à` iruduslŦl+ lxmktmrl ŕc trm`spmrl`ŦĆ. Km ilk fud hemkm trupukuc rlprlzc`t Ć u` olzlfbckchru km `cvlkuk iu`fŦce`Ćrcc erjm`lker+ vcmŦm `ltrĆctĆ km u`cse` fu cuhcrlm ŕc fu à`vĆŦĆturckl Dlkl rlprlzc`tĆ u` olzlfbckchru mk iu`fŦce`Ćrcc suikltukuc. Mflstm lstl olvcmt ol km fmklm sm rlmkĆ oc` fmuzm pmscu`cker ŕc oerc`Ŧlker smkl kudlŕtc+ fud mr ic urm+ dè`cm+ oerc`Ŧm ol putlrl+ ltf.+ mgu`jèò sĆ trĆcmsfĆ e vcmŦĆ ruŕcèmsĆ+ ù vcmŦm molvĆrmtĆ m s pcrctukuc. Mstilk ol suikltl trĆclsf ùdmc omterctĆ peitlker cìlrcemrl mkl ferpukuc ker dmtlrcmk+ ŕc sièrŕlsf prc` m olvl`c lkl à`slkl dmtlrcmkl. Lkl pclro mstilk oc` vlolrl fmrl lstl molvĆrmtuk ker olstc` ŕc ù àŕc dmc àòlpkc`lsf àòmtercrckl ŕc dl`crlm pl pĆdè`t+ à` mflmstĆ ŕfemkĆ m à`flrfĆrcker frlmtĆ splfcmk pl`tru fm suikltlkl sĆ à`vlŦl sĆ àŕc fe`treklzl pmscu`ckl pè`Ć km lkcdc`mrlm ker fedpkltĆ+ fedpkltĆ+ pl`tru m putlm pĆtruòl à`tr $e stmrl ol purctmtl olpkc`Ć à` silrlkl spcrctumkl flkl dmc à`mktl. À` kef sĆ kuptl pl`tru stmrlm ol sĆ`Ćtmtl spcrctumkĆ+ suikltuk ercl`tmt fĆtrl flkl kudlŕtc prlilrĆ stmrlm ol hemkĆ spcrctumkĆ. Olŕc dl`crlm kuc lstl sĆ kuptl pl`tru lkcdc`mrlm rĆukuc ŕc pl`tru c`tljrmrlm hc`lkuc ŕc m vclŦcc+ lk imfl lxmft pl oes. À` kef sĆ kuptl pl`tru vcmŦĆ+ lk prlilrĆ hemkm+ fmrl àk feòufl mpec km demrtl- À`fĆ à` tcdpuk vclŦcc+ à` kef sĆ àŕc iekeslmsfĆ à` deo `mturmk ferpuk+ spcrctumkczèòu $k+ lk àŕc pclrol èhckm sm deŕtl`crl+ Vc`lkl+ sfuiuòèòu$sl à` dmtlrcmkctmtl+ col`tcicfèòu$sl fu lm+ hĆtèòu$ŕc gef ol fmkctĆŦckl suikltukuc ŕc spcrctukuc+ ŕc olvl`cò mstilk u` scdpku ferp kcpsct ol suiklt+ fllm fl lfbcvmklmzĆ fu u` mft ol scùfcolrl spcrctumkĆOmfĆ temtl dcgkemflkl iekesctl pl`tru m sdukjl u` msldl`lm suiklt oc` dmtlrcmkctmtlm kuc omu jrlŕ+ su`t `lvect sĆ oczekv Lu à`sudc derdè`tuk à` fmrl s $m à`jrepmt sc`jur mflstm. YĆ putlŦc cdmjc`m fu uŕurc`ŦĆ fl ilk ol vlŕdè`t vm mvlm lk à` kudlm flmkmktĆ ŕc fud vm mrĆtm lk. Fu scjurm`ŦĆ ù vm ic u` vlŕdè`t ol kudc`Ć+ fĆfc à`fĆ oc` tcdpuk vclŦcc trĆctl pl mflst pĆdè`t



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fl à` fl dmc èhckl ŕc dmc suhkcdl+ vĆ vlŦc scdŦc oc` fl à` fl dmc mtrmŕc ol Mflkm fmrl v$m brĆ`ct mtèt ol ols fu iruftlkl spcrctumkl mkl kudcc ol oc`feke ŕc fmrl v$m uomt fu mpm vclŦcc ltlr`l+ petekcò mstilk sltlm suikltukuc vestru. XlŦc`lŦc7 còcilrl`t ol ierdm à` fmrl vĆ à`dè`lz brm`m spcrctumkĆ+ jrcgm Dlm lstl à`tetolmu`m mfllmŕc $ fm vec sĆ icŦc loufmŦc mstilk à`fèt sĆ olvl`cŦc suikltl sĆ`Ćtemsl+ oehèòcò mstilk vcmŦm ltlr`Ć+ ŕc ù sĆ vĆ àdhek`ĆvcŦc+ fĆzèò prmoĆ derŦcc. Mflstlm iccò spusl+ v Ć hc`lfuvè`tlz pl teŦc+ fepccc Dlc cuhcŦc. OlefmdomtĆ mtèt oc` pmrtlm _mtĆkuc vestru prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl. Mdc`-

Fmpctekuk <

Ferpuk+ spcrctuk ŕc suikltuk

"=2 cukcl =2:># Mflstl trlc fuvc`tl mu iest irlfvl`t dl` Ŧce`mtl à` dlsmglkl Dlkl+ mŕm fĆ mvlŦc olgm e vczcu`l jl`lrmkĆ msuprm fe`flptlker ol ‐ferp—+ ‐spcrct— ŕc ‐suiklt—+ àòleslhc à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl sld`cicfmŦcm ker spcrctumkĆ.





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

`l kcdctĆd sĆ$k rlpltĆd km cìc`ct+ iĆrĆ m olsfrcl pl kmrj `mturm kuc. VĆ à`flpld mŕmomr fu mkimhltuk+ km ilk fm lklvcc fmrl à`vmŦĆ sĆ fctlmsfĆ. Fuvè`tuk ‐ferp— sl rlilrĆ km u` ehclft còcvcoumk+ fmrl ocspu`l ol trlc ocdl`scu`c7 ku`jcdlm+ kĆŦcdlm ŕc à`ĆkŦcdlm+ fedpklt ŕc slpmrmt à` dcgkefuk cìc`ctĆŦcc `lsièrŕctl. Lk efupĆ u` kef à` spmŦcu ŕc mrl u` à`vlkcŕ fmrl imfl fm icc`Ŧm kuc còcvcoumkĆ sĆ icl slpmrmtĆ ol Lxcstl`Ŧm u`cvlrsmkĆ "tetmkctmtl#. VĆ dmc moĆujĆd ŕc imptuk fĆ u` ferp pemtl mvlm ocilrctl jrmol ol ol`sctmtl ŕc e jrlutmtl vmrcmhckĆ+ putèò ic cìc`ctlzcdmk ol suhtck+ ol $m orlptuk cdpeòlrmhck pl`tru vec+ smu lxtrld ol fedprcdmt à`tr$e refĆ sekcoĆ prlfud jrm`ctuk+ suprmùdct ŕc ‐suhstm`Ŧm prcderocmkĆ m ferpukuc tlrlstru—. Ercfmrl mr ic feòcŦcm sm+ lk rĆdè`l tetuŕc u` ferp+ mocfĆ u` ehclft slpmrmt+ fu ocdl`scu`c fl pet ic urcmŕl+ omfĆ sl mikĆ à`tr $e stmrl vekmtckĆ+ smu iemrtl dcfc+ omfĆ sl mikĆ à`tr $e stmrl sekcocicfmtĆ. Vu h cìkul`Ŧm ierŦlker ol mtrmfŦcl ŕc ol iuzcu`l fu mktl ehclftl ol mflkmŕc ilk+ mflstl ferpurc pet mkfĆtuc stè`fc+ pĆdè`turc+ scstldl sekmrl+ ltf. Mŕmomr+ fuvè`tuk ‐ferp— rlprlzc`tĆ lxprlscm vlrhmkĆ m uùc ehclft còcvcoumk fmrl mrl e lxcstl`ŦĆ iczcfĆ ŕc fmrl+ prc` slpmrmrlm sm ol Ed`cprlzl`ŦĆ+ m olvl`ct e l`tctmtl fu e lxcstl`ŦĆ còlplòl`tĆ.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Km ilk fud spcrctlkl prlilr Ć sĆ sl msefclzl à`trl lkl+ `cfc lkldl`tlkl fmrl mkfĆtuclsf ferpurckl oc` `mturĆ ù sl pet epu`l cdl`slc ierŦl ol mtrmfŦcl1 à` feìerdctmtl fu kljlm frlmŦclc "fmrl lstl u` mkt jèò mk Dlu+ u`cvlrsmk ŕc c`lrl`t à`trljcc frlmŦcc#+ lkl sl u`lsf à`tr $e mùdctĆ dĆsurĆ+ msudèòu $ŕc u`lerc ierdl hc`l olic`ctl+ jèòctl ol Dc`l+ mstilk à`fèt olvc` vczchckl pl`tru efbcuk iczcf à` strufturc `lrljukmtl. Mŕmomr+ à`trlmjm kudl m ferpurcker lstl u`ctĆ ol kljlm u`cfĆ m cuhcrcc+ olŕc iclfmrl oc`trl lkl lstl slpmrmt ol flklkmktl. Lkl su`t purtĆtemrlkl vczchckl smu c`vczchckl mkl jèòurcker Dlkl+ mocfĆ mkl sfè`tlcker pl fmrl Vpcrctuk Dlu kl$m mŕlzmt à` c`tlrceruk ker ŕc fmrl su`t dmc dukt smu dmc puŦc` kljmtl ol lkl "à`tld`cŦmtl#. Ier Ŧm Ŧm fmrl oltlrdc`Ć mflstl ferpurc sĆ sl mtrmjĆ smu sĆ sl rlspc`jĆ rlfcpref+ petrcvct mùdcter kljc mkl `mturcc+ ù lstl mktflvm olf èt cdpuksuk c`tlrcer prcdct ol km Dc`l+ mocfĆ spcrctuk à`tld`cŦmt à` dmtlrcl. FĆfc fuvè`tuk ‐spcrct— "spcrct mk `mturcc+ à` fmzuk ol imŦĆ# rlprlzc`tĆ tet u`m fu fllm fl vec ùdcŦc ‐ierŦĆ m `mturcc— . Vpcrctuk lstl cdpuksuk lsl` Ŧcmk fmrl mfŦce`lmzĆ à` c`tlrceruk ferpukuc pl`tru prlzlrvmrlm ierdlc mflstucm+ pl fmrl m fe`struct$e lk à`suŕc+ à` iu`fŦcl ol c`tlkcjl`Ŧm sm+ mtèt tcdp fèt lxcstl`Ŧm à`vlkcŕukuc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fl à` fl dmc lvekumtl+ fu sfepuk ol m olvl`c oc` fl à` fl dmc fe`ŕtcl`t ol lxcstl`Ŧm sm+ àdpĆrtĆŕcò hufurcm vclŦcc smkl fu flklkmktl flklkmktl icc`Ŧl. Mflstm lstl mŕmomr flk ol$mk trlcklm pms à` dmrlkl gef mk frlmŦclc7 mpmrcŦcm icc`Ŧlker à`zlstrmtl fu u` suiklt+ à` fmrl spcrctuk+ mvèò olgm u` jrmo suplrcer ol lkchlrmrl+ ŕc$m fe`struct à` c`tlrceruk trupukuc u` mkt sĆkmŕ+ ol omtm mflmstm uùk c`tlkcjl`t+ fu mguteruk fĆrucm sĆ sl pemtĆ lxprcdm dmc hc`l+ omr ŕc ol m mvlm u` fe`trek dmc dmrl msuprm ferpukuc sĆu dmtlrcmk. Mflstl suikltl mpmr eomt Ć fu prcdlkl m`cdmkl+ fmrl+ à` mimrm uèr trupurc dukt dmc c`jl`ces fe`structl+ à` iu`fŦcl ol `cvlkuk ol còcvcoumkctmtl pl fmrl sl mikĆ+ sl dmc hufurĆ à` pkus ŕc ol e mùdctĆ kchlrtmtl ol dcŕfmrl+ à` fmzuk ker+ ferpuk sl fedpertĆ olgm fm u` skugcter+ ù fm u` stĆpè`+ mŕm fud sl pltrlf kufrurckl à` fmzuk dc`lrmklker. Vuikltuk sl iekesl ŕtl ol ferp pl`tru preprcm sm prlzlrvmrl ŕc pl`tru m $ŕc smtcsimfl `lveckl smkl vctmkl+ iccò jbcomt à` fe`tcùmrl ol spcrct prc` c`tlrdlocuk ‐c`stc`ftukuc—+ fmrl àk oltlrdc`Ć sĆ imfĆ smu sĆ ù imfĆ futmrl kufru. Dcŕfmrlm kchlrĆ cdpkcfĆ mutedmt u` jrmo dmc à`mkt ol c`tlkcjl`ŦĆ+ fĆfc omfĆ Lu àc plrdct uùc suiklt sĆ àŕc dcŕtl dmc kchlr trupuk+ su`t `lvect sĆ àk à`zlstrlz mutedmt fu c`tlkcjl`Ŧm `lflsmrĆ pl`tru m



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

olde`strmt e omtĆ à` pkus fèt ol dukt àŕc oerlŕtl sĆ $c urdmŦc simturckl ŕc sĆ rlù`ŦmŦc km kudlm iczcfĆ pl`tru m vĆ hufurm ol prlmilrcfcrlm kuc kuc flklstĆ. Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk 9 Olsprl lvekuŦcm fepck $ tè`Ćr $ moukt ŕc hĆtrè` "82 cukcl =2:># _ctkuk ol dmc sus lstl mkf Ćtuct oc` pmtru fuvc`tl fmrl olic`lsf vcmŦm udm`Ć+ omr ŕc vcmŦm pĆdè`tukuc smu vcmŦm à`trljcc frlmŦcc. Km ilk fm ercfl mkt fuvè`t+ ŕc mflstlm pet ic prcvctl oc` ocilrctl plrsplftcvl. ^rcdm oc`trl lkl sl rlilrĆ km flkl f lkl pmtru ltmpl mkl vclŦcc edukuc+ à` rlkmŦcl fu olzvektmrlm sm iczcfĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ. Mflklmŕc ltmpl kl rljĆscd à`sĆ ŕc à` vcmŦm `mŦcu`cker+ m fĆrer loufmŦcl spcrctumkĆ trlhucl sĆ trlmfĆ prc` mflstl pmtru imzl+ omr ŕc à` vcmŦm udm`ctĆŦcc à`slŕc+ fmrl trlhucl sĆ trlmfĆ à` lvekuŦcm sm prc` pmtru dmrc lpefc.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fm tetuk sĆ sl tlrdc`l fu mfŦcu`c iczcfl àòrlptmtl àdpetrcvm vemstrĆ+ omr ù vlŦc fukljl olfèt fllm fl mŦc sldĆ`mt fu preprcm vemstrĆ dè`Ć+ rlfektm pl fmrl e dlrctmŦc. Fepckuk sl olzvekt Ć trl ptmt+ km ilk fm e pkm`tĆ+ à`tc` zèòu$ŕc oc` fl à` fl dmc olpmrtl dèùŦlkl ol km pclptuk dmdlc+ fĆtrl kudlm lxtlrcemrĆ+ pl`tru m $ŕc sperc fuèmŕtlrlm. EomtĆ fu èum fuèmŕtlrl frlsf ŕc pmscu`ckl smkl+ prlfud ŕc oerc`Ŧm `lfe`trekmtĆ ol m ŕc kl smtcsimfl. Fèò mgu`jl km vèrstm km fmrl mflstl cdpuksurc spcrctumkl+ dl`tmkl ŕc iczcfl+ à`fĆ mdlstlfmtl+ trlhucl sĆ icl purcicfmtl+ fepckuk scdtl `lvecm sĆ à`vlŦl ŕc sĆ dlmrjĆ km ŕfemkĆ+ pl`tru m à`Ŧlkljl fl lstl hc`l ŕc fl lstl rĆu+ fl lstl plrdcs ŕc fl ù+ fl lstl e vcrtutl ŕc fl lstl u` pĆfmt. À` tcdpuk mflstlc ltmpl ol purcicfmrl m mspcrmŦccker ŕc oerc`Ŧlker à`fĆ feìuzl+ splfcicfl fepckĆrclc+ pĆrc`Ŧcc ŕc loufmtercc mu omtercm sĆ imfĆ tet fl kl stĆ à` putlrc pl`tru m Ŧc`l suh fe`trek ŕuvecuk pmscu`cker+ oerc`Ŧlker ŕc peitlker+ ŕc peitlker+ fmrl lstl fu oleslhcrl `lstĆvckct à` fmzuk tc`lrcker+ rcsfèò sĆ olm pl mimrĆ omfĆ ù lstl fm`mkczmt. Mflmstm lstl ltmpm à` fmrl suikltuk à`vmŦĆ prcdm rljukĆ m vclŦcc spcrctumkl7 Ŧc`lrlm suh fe`trek m pmscu`cker smkl+ putlrlm ol m spu`l ù peitlker ŕc oerc`Ŧlker pl fmrl kl mrl+ pl`tru m$ŕc putlm urdm dl`crlm c`tlrcemr Ć. Ć.





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

À` mflst ilk+ ikuxuk vclŦcc fe`tcùĆ sĆ furjĆ dmc olpmrtl+ prc`trl fĆutĆrc ŕc àòeclkc+ fe`strucòu$ŕc preprcuk Vc`l oc` dmtlrcmklkl jĆsctl à` orud+ fmkdèòu $sl oc` fl à` fl dmc dukt+ pè`Ć fèò+ à` ic`mk+ rluŕlŕtl sĆ trm`sflmòĆ temtl àòeclkckl ŕc feìkcftlkl+ rlvĆrsèòu $sl fm u` rèu kc`cŕtct+ fmrl mhcm sl dmc tèrĆŕtl+ fĆtrl ltmpm hĆtrè`lŦcc+ à` mflmstĆ ltmpĆ+ dcŕfmrlm sm mprempl fĆ à`fltlmzĆ+ cmr



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

mŕtlmptĆ feòcŦcckl prclk`cfl pl`tru m sl dm`cilstm km suprmimŦm pĆdè`tukuc. Cdpuksuk pl fmrl àk mŕtlmptĆ lkl lstl e ierŦĆ suplrcemrĆ $ fĆkourm semrlkuc+ `lflsmrĆ pl`tru m ocstrujl mflst à`vlkcŕ mk cèfl`Ŧlc+ lkchlrèò mstilk dcc ol ierdl ol vcmŦĆ+ fmrl sl ver dm`cilstm à` iu`fŦcl ol dl`crlm ker+ urdĆrcò sĆ àŕc àdpkc`lmsfĆ olstcùk .



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Iru`zlkl fmo+ cmr fepmfuk+ à`fĆrfmt fu remol hejmtl+ àŕc pclrol ierdm vcjuremsĆ+ fefeŕèòu$sl. _rlptmt+ lk sl jeklŕtl ol remol+ rĆdè`èò oemr u` sfblklt. Oc` lk ù dmc rĆdè`l olfèt tldlkcm+ flm fmrl m `Ćsfut temtĆ mflmstĆ hejĆŦcl+ omr fukerckl smkl irudemsl+ vctmkctmtlm vclŦcc $ ocspmr. Fepmfuk sl eocb`lŕtl+ pl`tru m $ŕc putlm msudm oc` èu dl`crlm à` mùk fmrl vc`l+ mtc`jèò e plrilfŦcu`l pemtl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Md à`flput fu ltmplkl ic`mkl ùdmc pl`tru fĆ lkl pet ic à`Ŧlklsl dmc uŕer ol fĆtrl vec+ fmrl kl trĆcŦc ocrlft+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ putlŦc sĆ putlŦc à`Ŧlkljl à`Ŧlkljl prc` m`mkejcl fllm fl ved ocsfutm à` fe`tcùmrl. Km ilk fud à` fepckĆrcm edukuc+ vcmŦm dl`tmkĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ sl mikĆ à`fĆ à`tr $e stmrl kmtl`tĆ+ ol sĆdè`ŦĆ+ urdèò sĆ sl olzvektl mpec fĆtrl e dmturctmtl olpkc`Ć+ km ilk fud suh strmtuk mkh ol zĆpmoĆ mk



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

^rc` fedpmrmŦcl fu mftumkm frlmŦcl+ flm fmrl àc vm sufflom vm ic prlfud zjurm fedpmrmtĆ fu iclruk "pl`tru m$ŕc putlm àdpkc`c olstc`mŦcm suplrcemrĆ+ iclruk lstl `lvect sĆ rlù`Ŧl km zjurĆ#. Mflstlm su`t flkl pmtru dmrc lpefc mkl frlmŦclc+ fmrl s$mu sufflomt à`fĆ ol km à`flputurckl ltlr`ctĆŦcc à` spmŦcuk cìc`ct+ ŕc fmrl ver fe`tcùm sĆ sl sufflmoĆ pè`Ć km sièrŕctuk tcdpukuc+ fèò vec`Ŧm























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

MsfuktĆ+ fepckuk Dlu+ ocilrctlkl rmdcicfmŦcc mkl orudukuc vclŦcc su`t sĆrurckl+ mflŕtc stcdukl`Ŧc fmpmhckc sĆ còufĆ trlzcrlm. Lkl su`t flkl fmrl vĆ stcduklmzĆ sĆ scdŦcŦc+ sĆ jèòcŦc ŕc sĆ mfŦce`mŦc+ pl`tru m ocvcol mpec cdprlscckl pl fmrl kl$ mŦc mhserhct oc` kudlm lxtlrcemrĆ. Oc` mflst prefls ‐mkfbcdcf— sl `mŕtl fmrmftlruk smu iczceèd i czceèdcm cm spcrctumkĆ m edukuc. Mflstl lxplrcl`Ŧl plrdct lvekuŦcm spcrctukuc vestru+ pl fmrl àk purcicfĆ ŕc àk lkchlrlmzĆ+ u`cò $u` tet u`ctmr. cdprlscckl vclŦcc à`tr $u` Yec`Ŧm Dlm $ vè`tuk spcrctumk $ suikĆ prc` suikltuk vestru+ oèò `mŕtlrl uèr jèòurc èc+ fmrl sl trm`sierdĆ mpec à` mfŦcu`c+ fmpmhckl sĆ vĆ jbcolzl pl fĆc dmc hu`l ŕc sfurtèòu $vĆ mstilk fe`scolrmhck oruduk fĆtrl Dc`l. Mflstm lstl smkpltruk ŕc smrlm vclŦcc+ pl fmrl àk putlŦc jĆsc prltutcòl`c+ à` du`Ŧc ŕc à` vĆc+ à` plŕtlrc+ omr ŕc mfmsĆ km vec. Lk lstl prc`fcpcuk stcdukl`t mk fec`fcol`Ŧlc "olfkm`ŕmrlm sc`fre`Ć m lvl`cdl`tlker smu u`crlm mflsterm prc` icrl c`vczchckl#+ fmrl sl dm`cilstĆ km `cvlkuk frlmŦclc prc` kljlm rlze`m`Ŧlc "mtrmfŦcm ŕc rlspc`jlrlm plrdm`l`tĆ m lkldl`tlker msldĆ`Ćtemrl smu ocilrctl à`trl lkl#. Kudlm lstl sckct Ć mstilk sĆ sl sfbcdhl. Km ilk ŕc vec. Ũc$md lxpkcfmt à` fètlvm fuvc`tl fl oerlmu sĆ spu`Ć fĆrŦckl tmkl vlfbc+ oc` plrsplftcvm flm dmc spcrctumkĆ fu putc`ŦĆ . À`fĆ oc` tcdpurc cdldercmkl+ jèòctercc mu scdŦct `lvecm sĆ olsfeplrl fllm fl lrm `lfuèsfut. Fu fèt flvm lrm dmc jrlu ol rlvlkmt+ fu mtèt dmc dukt àc imsfc`m lk+ còcilrl`t omfĆ lrm verhm ol u` msplft dmtlrcmk smu suhtck$spcrctumk. suhtck$spcrctumk. Oc` mflst prefls s$mu `Ćsfut temtl mhlrmŦcckl spcrctukuc udm`+ mstilk à`fèt mstĆzc iemrtl puŦc`c emdl`c àŕc dmc rlfuèsf fu fkmrctmtl dl`crlm. _u+ fepckuk Dlu+ mc mvut ŕm`sm sĆ pĆŕlŕtc oc` à`tu`lrcf à` kudc`Ć. \rdlmzĆ simturckl Dlkl ŕc vlc putlm fctc dmrlm fmrtl m `mturcc fmrl tl à`fe`gemrĆ+ fu c`cdm+ ù fu c`tlklftuk+ oèòu$Ŧc mstilk slmdm fĆ smrlm vctmkĆ u`cvlrsmkĆ+ fmrl trlzlŕtl+ c`spcrĆ ŕc jbcolmzĆ tetuk+ lstl vec`Ŧm _mtĆkuc tĆu+ Flk fmrl àŦc strcjĆ ol prltutcòl`c+ oc` `mturm lxtlrcemrĆ+ omr ŕc oc` c`cdm tm7 ‐@u lxcstĆ olfèt u` sc`jur Oud`lzlu+ u` sc`jur Frlmter ŕc u` sc`jur Oed`-— Oerc`Ŧm Kuc lstl u`m sc`jurĆ7 fm prc` mflst prefls ol jbcomrl+ sĆ tl peŦc à`temrfl km sursm oc` fmrl mc prevl`ct+ fm spcrct `Ćsfut oc` Vc`lkl spcrctumk mk I cc`Ŧlc Vmkl prcderocmkl- Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk =2 Olsprl ocilrctlkl ierdl ŕc tcpurc ol m`cdmkl "3 mujust =2:8# DukŦc oc`trl vec àŕc irĆdè`tĆ frlclrlkl sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ ol fl lxcstĆ mtètlm tcpurc ocilrctl ol m`cdmkl+ m fĆrer utckctmtl ù e à`ŦlkljlŦc ŕc m fĆrer ierdĆ vc sl pmrl urètĆ "à` feìerdctmtl fu prc`fcpcckl vemstrl lstltcfl#+ à` feòcŦcckl à` fmrl Lu+ Frlmteruk+ mr ic trlhuct sĆ frllz ùdmc kufrurc old`l ol Dc`l+ mocfĆ à`zlstrmtl fu flkl dmc irudemsl ierdl. Fmd mŕm jèòcŦc vec ŕc smvm`Ŧcc veŕtrc+ fmrl sl mŕtlmptĆ fm tetuk sĆ ferlspuòĆ cdmjc`mŦclc ker+ `cfcolfud vec`Ŧlc Dlkl à` mfero fu à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm Dlm. Lc hc`l+ oupĆ fud spu`l prevlrhuk vestru7 ‐Iclfmrl pmsĆrl fè`tĆ pl kcdhm lc— "@. _r. À` kcdhm jlrdm`Ć+ prevlrhuk su`Ć mstilk7 ‐Iclfmrl pmsĆrl fè`tm à` iu`fŦcl ol ierdm fcefukuc lc— .#. Mflŕtc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fmrl frlo à` Dc`l ŕc fmrl oerlsf sĆ DĆ urdlzl fĆ ù tet fllm fl veuĆ vc sl pmrl urèt lstl mŕm fud àk plrflplŦc vec+ ŕc fĆ ‐hĆtrèùk Oud`lzlu— ŕtcm iemrtl hc`l fl imfl+ fu dukt tcdp à`mc`tl sĆ mpmrĆ dĆfmr collm u`lc c`cdc udm`l hĆtèò- VĆ trlfld mŕmomr km lxpkcfmŦcc. Yec vlolŦc u` ùdĆr iemrtl dmrl ol m`cdmkl+ m fĆrer dl`crl ù e à`ŦlkljlŦc. Mvèò à` vlolrl fĆ Lu su`t Flk fmrl kl$m frlmt+ lstl èrdmk sĆ frlolŦc fĆ km hmzm frlmŦclc ker m lxcstmt u` detcv hc`l oltlrdc`mt. ^rehkldm sl pu`l à`sĆ à` mkŦc tlrdl`c7 omfĆ ù mŦc ic mtèt ol prlefupmŦc ol m rctdltcfm vemstrĆ scdpkĆ ŕc mŦc putlm à`Ŧlkljl dmtldmtcfm fedpklxĆ pl fmrl e prmftcf Lu+ v$mr ic dukt dmc uŕer sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc kufrurckl. Mrctdltcfm vemstr Ć vĆ à`vmŦĆ sĆ lxtcòlŦc fe`fkuzcckl vemstrl ol km fllm fl ŕtcŦc km fllm fl ù ŕtcŦc. Lm vĆ à`vmŦĆ sĆ jèòcŦc à`tetolmu`m kejcf+ trĆjèò fe`fkuzcc mhstrmftl. Mflmstm lstl ocilrl`Ŧm à`trl e icc`ŦĆ udm`Ć ic`ctĆ ŕc Oud`lzlu flk cìc`ct. Ol ŕc fuèmŕtl ŕc Lk kejcf m dmtldmtcfcc vemstrl+ Oud`lzlu fmkfuklmzĆ+ jèòlŕtl ŕc trmjl fe`fkuzcc à`tr$e mktĆ dm`clrĆ olfèt vec+ fepcc skmhc ŕc cdmturc mc Oedùkuc mtetputlr`cf. XlzuktĆ à` deo lvcol`t fĆ omfĆ mpkcfmŦc jèòcrlm vemstrĆ kcdctmtĆ frlmŦclc Dlkl cìc`ctl+ ver lxcstm à`tetolmu`m — olfmkmgl pl fmrl jèòcrlm udm`Ć ù kl vm putlm udpkl+ fĆfc ù fuèmŕtl jèòurckl ocvc`l fmrl fedpkltlmzĆ mflstl olfmkmgl. Vprl lxldpku+ vec fuèm ŕtlŦc u` dmrl ùdĆr ol c`slftl+ m fĆrer utckctmtl ù e à`ŦlkljlŦc ŕc fmrl vĆ fbcùclsf zck`cf+ sckcòu $vĆ sĆ vĆ pretlgmŦc ol lkl prc` temtl dcgkemflkl fmrl vĆ stmu km ocspezcŦcl '. FuèmŕtlŦc ol msldl`lm mktl m`cdmkl+ fmrl ù trĆclsf olfèt pl`tru m kl fe`sudm pl flkl cìlrcemrl ker+ mŕm$ùdcŦcc prĆoĆterc. Dmc fuèmŕtlŦc ŕc e slrcl ol m`cdmkl fmrl su`t c`vczc hckl hckl pl`tru efbcuk kchlr+ pl fmrl ù kl putlŦc vlolm olfèt km dcfresfep+ omr fmrl su`t à`zlstrmtl à`zlstrmtl fu e l`lrjcl frlmtemrl ŕc fu e ke`jlvctmtl prc` fedpmrmŦcl fu fmrl vcmŦm m`cdmklker suplrcemrl+ c`fkuscv m edukuc+ rĆdè`l dukt à` urdĆ. Fe`stmtmŦc mstilk à` kudlm m`cdmkĆ e sudlol`cl ol fe`trmocfŦcc pl`tru fmrl ù jĆscŦc lxpkcfmŦcc+ omr omfĆ vlŦc ehslrvm ercfmrl oc` mflstl m`cdmkl fu flm dmc dmrl mtl`Ŧcl+ vlŦc rldmrfm e ierdĆ mtèt ol plrilftĆ ŕc e susŦc`lrl mtèt ol olpkc`Ć oc` pmrtlm pmrtlm `mturcc+ pl`tru fm splfcm sm sĆ ù ocspmrĆ+ à`fèt ù vlŦc putlm olfèt sĆ vĆ dcù`mŦc. Fe`fkuzcm lstl lvcol`tĆ7 omtĆ iccò ierdm+ vcmŦm ŕc cdl`sm putlrl ol rlpreouflrl m m`cdmkukuc+ lstl kcdplol fĆ trlhucl sĆ lxcstl u` detcv pl`tru fmrl Frlmteruk+ mocfĆ Lu+ md à`zlstrmt rlsplftcvuk m`cdmk fu mtrchutlkl smkl fmrmftlrcstcfl+ pl fmrl kl$md rliuzmt à` sfbcdh mkter icc`Ŧl c`tlkcjl`tl+ ol pckoĆ veuĆ+ fepccc Dlc. MflmstĆ fe`fkuzcl vĆ udpkl ol àòeclkc+ `ldmcŕtccò fl sĆ frlolŦc olsprl u` msldl`lm Frlmter ŕc olsprl frlmŦcm Kuc. ^l`tru m vĆ putlm lxpkcfm mflmstĆ mpmrl`tĆ fe`trmocfŦcl+ trlhucl sĆ à`flp prc` m imfl e slrcl ol rlilrcrc km e mktĆ kudl olfèt flm dmtlrcmkĆ. ^l sfurt+ trlhucl sĆ à`flpld fu kudlm spcrctumkĆ+ pl`tru fmrl dmtlrcm ù rlprlzc`tĆ mktflvm olfèt u` à`vlkcŕ lxtlrcer. @udmc efbcuk spcrctumk pemtl vlolm fllm fl vm r Ćdè Ćdè`l ol$m pururc msfu`s efbcker iczcfc ŕc flker mc c`tlklftukuc. Collm ol Oud`lzlu+ smu ol Icc`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ+ cdpkcfĆ mutedmt imptuk fĆ tet fl m frlmt Lk trlhucl sĆ icl ol `mturĆ spcrctumkĆ. _etuŕc+ omfĆ Oud`lzlu oerlŕtl sĆ frllzl e kudl smu e lxprlscl vczchckĆ m ocvc`ctĆŦcc Vmkl+ Lk trlhucl sĆ c`vl`tlzl u` mùd ct gef+ fmrl ferlspuòl ilkukuc vestru ol m jèòc ŕc rlprlzc`tĆ hmzm lxcstl`Ŧlc ŕc plrdm`l`Ŧlc kudcc frlmtl. @udmc à` mflst ilk sl pemtl verhc ol e vcmŦĆ+ ol e dcŕfmrl msflòl`tĆ+ ol km prc`fcpcckl cìlrcemrl fĆtrl flkl suplrcemrl+ m fĆrlc dl`crl lstl ‐`mŕtlrlm+ lxcstl`Ŧm ŕc plrilfŦce`mrlm—. Ol mfllm+ tet fllm fl m iest frlmt mrl km hmz Ć u` prc`fcpcu dmc dukt smu dmc puŦc` spcrctumk+ à`



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

u` `cvlk pl mktuk. Mflstl splfcc c`tlrdlocmrl "omfĆ su`t prcvctl oc` plrsplftcvm spcrctumkĆ# su`t tefdmc flkl fmrl vĆ à`furfĆ mtèt ol tmrl pl vec+ à`trufèt ù ŕtcŦc km fl iekeslsf lkl. Mtu`fc fèò vĆ jrĆhcŦc sĆ trmjlŦc fe`fkuzcc+ vec uctmŦc ol duktl erc fĆ pl`tru fm prejrlsuk spcrctumk sĆ olvc`Ć peschck+ à` feìerdctmtl fu jèòcrlm Frlmterukuc u`cvlrsukuc+ su`t `lflsmrl ŕc mktl `cvlkl mkl kejcfcc+ ocilrctl ol mk vestru. Dmc lxcstĆ ŕc u` mkt detcv fmrl gustcicfĆ lxcstl`Ŧm mflster splfcc ol m`cdmkl. Lkl ù slrvlsf ùdmc fm vlrcjc c`tlrdlocmrl ŕc fm icc`Ŧl ol trm`zcŦcl+ fc mu ŕc sfepuk ol m lxlrfctm e cìkul`ŦĆ msuprm icc`Ŧlker dukt suplrcemrl ker+ fu sfepuk ol m kl stcdukm fĆtrl prejrlsuk s pcrctumk. VĆ kuĆd+ ol pckoĆ+ temtl duŕtlkl+ Ŧè`Ŧmrcc ŕc flklkmktl c`slftl fmrl vĆ l`lrvlmzĆ mtèt ol tmrl. Mflstlm mu rekuk ol m vĆ stcdukm oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk+ sckcòu $vĆ sĆ mvlŦc jrcgĆ ol ferpuk ŕc ol fĆdcùk vestru+ pl`tru fm prcduk sĆ icl old` ol spcrctuk c`tlkcjl`t fmrl kefuclŕtl à` lk+ cmr flk ol $mk oecklm sĆ icl Ŧcùt à` furĆŦl`cl+ pl`tru m imfckctm mstilk sĆ`Ćtmtlm flkuc oc`tèc+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ ù trĆcŦc fm perfcc+ à` duroĆrcl ŕc èrec+ èrec+ fc sĆ vĆ rcocfmŦc oc` fl à` fl fl dmc sus. Mflstl m`cdmkl ŕc mktlkl km ilk fm lkl+ fmrl vĆ fbcùclsf mtèt ol tmrl+ dmc mu ŕc e mktĆ dl`crl+ dukt dmc à`mktĆ olfèt v $mŦc putlm cdmjc`m vrleomtĆ. Lkl plrdct stmhckcrlm u`lc kljĆturc à`trl c`tlkcjl`Ŧlkl cìlrcemrl ŕc flkl suplrcemrl+ kufru pl fmrl vec ù $k putlŦc à`Ŧlkljl. OlpĆŕcòu$vĆ fu dukt à` putlrl ŕc rlzcstl`ŦĆ+ lkl v $mr putlm olde`strm "omfĆ mŦc ocspu`l ol vlolrlm spcrctumkĆ+ pl`tru m kl prcvc oc` mflmstĆ plrsplftcvĆ suplrcemrĆ# suplrcemrĆ# fèt ol dmrl lstl liertuk ol m trlzc sfè`tlcm ocvc`Ć mikmtĆ pl u` `cvlk cìlrcer imŦĆ ol e u`ctmtl fèt ol dcfĆ ol c`tlkcjl`ŦĆ suplrcemrĆ. ^l`tru dcc ol m`cdmkl cìlrcemrl+ olzvektmrlm msflòl`t Ć lstl cdpeschckĆ mktilk olfèt prc` c`jlrmrlm ker ol fĆtrl m`cdmklkl suplrcemrl+ pl`tru fm à` mflst ilk sĆ mgu`jĆ pmrtl c`tljrm`tĆ oc` strufturm mflsterm ŕc sĆ kl mscdcklzl vchrmŦcm. Dmc tèrzcu+ lkl sl ver fedhc`m fu dcckl pl`tru m mkfĆtuc km rèòuk ker u` msldl`lm m`cdmk suplrcer. Cìuzemrlkl ŕc u`cflkukmrlkl dcùsfukl+ vclrdcc+ fermkcc ŕc frustmfllkl+ ù lxcstĆ olfèt pl`tru m fe`struc oc` trupur ckl ckl ker fmrmpmflm pĆdè`tukuc vestru+ feìlrcòu $c sekcoctmtl ŕc jl`lrèò e fm`tctmtl suicfcl`t ol dmrl ol dc`lrmkl ŕc ol icrl ol `cscp oc` mpm eflm`lker pl`tru m $ŕc sekcocicfm dmc à`tèc lkl ol fmkfmr. preprcckl ferpurc+ fmrl ver mkfĆtuc mkfĆtuc dmc tèrzcu du`Ŧcc du`Ŧcc sekczc smu pcltr lkl À`trufèt mflstl m`cdmkl su`t mtèt ol dcfc à`fèt trĆclsf fu dckcem`lkl à`tr $e sc`jurĆ pcfĆturĆ ol mpĆ+ vĆ putlŦc cdmjc`m fu uŕurc`ŦĆ fèt ol dmrl trlhucl sĆ icl fmpmfctmtlm ker ol rlpreoufŦcl pl`tru m putlm fkĆoc+ à` plrcemom stmhckctĆ ol Dc`l+ frustm u`lc pkm`ltl prlfud pĆdè`tuk+ fmpmhckĆ sĆ pemrtl pl lm du`Ŧcc ŕc tet fllm fl lxcstĆ km erm mftumkĆ+ c`fkuscv sĆ epu`Ć rlzcstl`ŦĆ cdl`slc prlscu`c m vmpercker oc` c`tlrcer. VekomŦcc veŕtrc trlhucl sĆ $ŕc pkĆtlmsfĆ brm`m ŕc lfbcpmdl`tuk fu sekom pl f mrl e prcdlsf. @u lxcstĆ `cfc u` orud à` Ŧmrm vemstrĆ pl`tru fmrl fĆkĆtercc sĆ ù ic trlhuct sĆ pkĆtlmsfĆ prc` tmxl ŕc cdpezctl. E sefcltmtl fedpklxĆ ù pemtl trĆc iĆrĆ fm kefuctercc sĆc sĆ pkĆtlmsfĆ pl`tru `lveckl jl`lrmkl+ c`fkuscv pl`tru flkl mkl juvlr` m`Ŧcker sĆc. XlzuktĆ fĆ stmtuk+ fmrl ù preoufl hm`c à` sc`l+ ù lstl mktflvm olfèt olpezctmruk ŕc jlstce`mruk hm`cker fmrl àc su`t à`frloc`ŦmŦc. Fmd km ilk preflolz Lu fu kudckl Dlkl. Iclfmrl oc`trl mflstlm trlhucl sĆ sl olzvektl+ sĆ sl susŦc`Ć ŕc sĆ sl plrilfŦce`lzl+ prljĆtcò mstilk ierdlkl `lflsmrl urdĆtemrlc trm`zcŦcc+ fmrl sĆ ferlspuòĆ ècker feòcŦcc ol vcmŦĆ. M`cdmklkl dcùsfukl+ duktl oc`trl lkl c`vczchckl pl`tru efbcc ve ŕtrc+ fe`struclsf frustm pĆdè`tukuc vestru+ vestru+ susŦc`èò mstilk vcmŦm m dckcem`l dckcem`l ol mktl m`cdmkl ŕc fe`trchucò km àìruduslŦmrlm àìruduslŦmrlm ŕc km sekcocicfmrlm suprmilŦlc pĆdè`tukuc. Mktl m`cdmkl+ sctumtl pl u` `cvlk suplrcer+ à` fmrl sfè`tlcm Dlm ocvc`Ć lstl flvm dmc olzvektmtĆ+ kl mscdcklmzĆ pl prcdlkl+ omr rlprlzc`tĆ lkl à`slkl brm`m mkter m`cdmkl+ mikmtl pl u` `cvlk à`fĆ ŕc dmc à`mkt+ prefls fmrl fe`tcùĆ pè`Ć km ed. Ercuòl lxcstĆ dmrc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

àdprlu`Ć fu sldl`cc sĆc+ mgu`jèò km `cvlkuk edukuc+ pkmfm tur`m`tĆ fl plrdctl rlvl`crlm à` rljmtuk spcrctlker+ oc` fmrl m pklfmt fèòvm. @u Dc$mr ic ol mgu`s m`c à`trljc pl`tru m vĆ lxpkcfm temtl oltmkcckl kljmtl ol m`cdmkl+ à`flpèò ol km cìuzemrlkl flkl dmc dcfc ŕc pè`Ć km lklim`t+ `cfc dĆfmr flkl kljmtl ol e sc`jurĆ fkmsĆ ol m`cdmkl+ fud mr ic sprl lxldpku dekuŕtlkl. Cdpertm`t lstl fĆ temtl mflstl dcùsfukl pmrtcfukl mkl vclŦcc mu iest mstilk u`ctl à`fèt sĆ fmpltl e mùdctĆ ierdĆ+ splfcicfĆ vclŦcc à` mpĆ+ à` mlr smu pl pĆdè`t+ fmrl sĆ plrdctĆ trm`sierdmrlm `lflsmrĆ ŕc àdpkc`crlm dl`crcc m`cdmkukuc. Ol mfllm+ à`mc`tl ol m pu`l à`trlhĆrc kljmtl ol sfepuk frlĆrcc uùc mùdct m`cdmk ŕc ol rekuk pl fmrl àk gemfĆ lk à` frlmŦcl+ trlhucl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc dmc à`tèc fmrl lstl strufturm sm c`tlrcemrĆ. Fl smvm`Ŧc mr putlm lxpkcfm à`sĆ mflst kufru5 kufru5 ^rcvcŦc dcfuk `lrv fl`trmk fmrl lxcstĆ à` ercfl erjm`csd vcu. Fmrl lstl restuk kuc5 Lstl lk fm`mkuk prc` fmrl sl pr epmjĆ epmjĆ vcmŦm5 Lstl lk vcu+ smu oemr u` c`strudl`t mk vclŦcc5 Fm sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc strufturm c`tlrcemrĆ m uùc m`cdmk trlhucl sĆ rĆspuòlŦc dmc à`tèc km mflmstĆ à`trlhmrl. Fl v$mr putlm lxpkcfm à`sĆ msldl`lm msplftl suhtckl5 À` fmkctmtlm sm ol icc`ŦĆ ic`ctĆ+ eduk sl kevlŕtl à` mflst fmz ol kcdctlkl fuèmŕtlrcc smkl+ mkl fmpmfctĆŦcc smkl c`tlklftumkl. Mcfc trlhucl sĆ c`tlrvc`Ć Oud`lzlu+ Frlmteruk+ fmrl ù pemtl olfèt sĆ$c spu`Ć edukuc7 ‐VĆrdm`l fepck cdmtur- Fud vrlc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc tu fu c`tlklftuk tĆu kcdctmt fl lm fl m frlmt Oud`lzlu+ Icc`Ŧm cìc`ctĆ5 ^l`tru tc`l+ u` scdpku `lrv vm rĆdè`l e l`cjdĆ vlŕ`cfĆ. Fud peŦc guolfm ŕc frctcfm tu e icc`ŦĆ vcl mkfĆtuctĆ oc` dckcem`l ol pĆrŦc+ fmrl+ còcilrl`t ol ierdm pl fmrl ŕc$e msudĆ+ lxprcdĆ à` rlmkctmtl uùk ŕc mflkmŕc msplft7 `cvlkuk prlzl`t mk pmrtcfuklc spcrctumkl+ mflm sfè`tlcl dcùsfukĆ oc` dmrlkl Frlmter5 Fud peŦc sĆ frlzc fĆ mflst Frlmter ù m iĆfut temtl mrm`gmdl`tlkl `lflsmrl pl`tru fm mflmstĆ dcùsfukĆ sfè`tlcl sĆ pemtĆ prejrlsm5 Fud peŦc tu sĆ $Ŧc fedpmrc à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm kcdctmtĆ fu flm m Frlmterukuc5 Lu tl $md frlmt fu e sc`jurĆ dl`crl7 mfllm ol m fe`tldpkm fu efbcc spcrctumkc kmrj olsfbcŕc frlmŦcm Dlm+ pl`tru m à`vĆŦm sĆ tl supuc ŕc sĆ $K cuhlŕtc pl dmrlkl Frlmter+ fm pl u` ^Ćrc`tl spcrctumk- VĆ$K à`Ŧlkljc àŦc olpĆŕlŕtl à`sĆ kcdctlkl+ mŕm fud olpĆŕlŕtl kcdctlkl à`trljcc frlmŦcc. FĆfc ùdmc Lu su`t plrilft cìc`ct+ `lfrlmt+ à` tcdp fl tu+ à` fmkctmtlm tm ol icc`ŦĆ frlmtĆ+ lŕtc ŕc vlc ic ol$m pururc+ cdplrilft ŕc kcdctmt-— \rdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflst dlsmg+ fepccc Dlc- YĆ vm ic dukt dmc uŕer mtu`fc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fĆ eomtĆ fu prejrlsuk kl`t mk pmrtcfuklker spcrctumkl prc` ocilrctl icc`Ŧl còcvcoumkl ŕc splfcc+ lkl trlhucl sĆ $ ŕc deocicfl c`fkuscv ierdm lxtlrcemrĆ+ pl`tru fm mflmstm sĆ sl momptlzl `lvecker spcrctukucMŕm fud à` fmzuk vestru+ mk emdl`cker+ imŦm ŕc ferpuk lxprcdĆ à`tr $e mùdctĆ dĆsurĆ spcrctumkctmtlm c`tlrcemrĆ+ cmr fmrmftlruk edukuc pemtl ic pmrŦcmk rlfuèsfut prc` fe`tldpkmrlm trĆsĆturcker smkl lxtlrcemrl+ fmrl èhklŦlm smu dcfcdlm suikltukuc udm`+ km il k+ ierdm m`cdmklker+ ol km flkl dmc cìlrcemrl ŕc pè`Ć km flk dmc mprepcmt ol ed+ rlsplftcv dmcduŦm+ rlprlzc`tĆ e lxprlscl m sfè`tlcc c`tlrcemrl. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ ol fl ierdlkl cìlrcemrl+ mkl fĆrer erjm`l ol scdŦ ŕc imfuktĆŦc su`t à`fĆ `lolzvektmtl+ ù pet ferlspuòl scdŦukuc lstltcf mk edukuc+ icc`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ suplrcemrĆ. Vpcrctlkl cìlrcemrl+ à`fĆ cdmturl+ mu mktl `lflsctĆŦc olfèt eduk+ detcv pl`tru fmrl `lflsctĆ mktl mrm`gmdl`tl pl`tru m$ŕc àdpkc`c dl`crlm. Fbcmr ŕc à` ierdm sm spcrctumkĆ+ sfè`tlcm c`tlrcemrĆ sl mikĆ oemr à`tr $e imzĆ ldhrce`mrĆ+ pl flk dmc ol ges `cvlk ol olzvektmrl. Iccò mtèt ol scdpkĆ+ lm ù `lflsctĆ u` à`vlkcŕ lxtlrcer fedpkcfmt+ fc uùk km ilk ol scdpku fm ŕc lm. Vc`juruk imfter fmrl oltlrdc` Ć ierdm m`cdmklker lstl rljcu`lm à` fmrl trlhucl sĆ trĆcmsfĆ+ sĆ sl duktcpkcfl ŕc sĆ sl rlpreoufĆ. Mùdctl dlocc `lflsctĆ e dcl ol pcfcemrl+ à` tcdp fl mktlkl ù `lflsctĆ `cfc uùk. Mùdctl feòcŦcc ol vcmŦĆ cdpu` lxcstl`Ŧm uùc s c`jur efbc+ mktlkl prlsu pu` lxcstl`Ŧm dmc dukter efbc. À` temtl fmz urckl+ ierdm lxtlrcemrĆ rlprlzc`tĆ à`sĆ oemr lxprlscm iczcfĆ m `cvlkukuc ol



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fe`ŕtcc`ŦĆ ol sc`l+ v $mŦc om slmdm fĆ ierdm pl fmrl e mu lkl rlprlzc`tĆ à`vlkcŕuk fl k dmc petrcvct fu putc`ŦĆ+ ferlspu`zèò plrilft plrilft `lvecker dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl mkl l`tctĆŦcc l`tctĆŦcc rlsplftcvl. Lstltcfm vemstr Ć olrcvĆ oc` lstltcfm ierdlc udm`l+ pl fmrl e iekescŦc fm pu`ft ol pklfmrl+ dmc mkls fĆ Lu v$md frlmt oupĆ fbcpuk ŕc msldĆ`mrlm Dlm. Ierdlkl m`cdmklker ù pet ic guolfmtl à`sĆ à` iu`fŦcl ol lstltcfm trupukuc udm`+ pl`tru scdpkuk detcv fĆ ierdm spcrctumkĆ c`tlrcemrĆ ù lstl à`fĆ plrilft olzvektmtĆ à` fmzuk ker+ mvèò `lvecl ol à`fĆ duktl moĆejcrc pl`tru m mgu`jl km `cvlkuk ierdlc iczcfl ŕc spcrctumkl udm`l. Fbcmr ŕc mtu`fc fèò sl mprepcl flk dmc dukt ol ierdm udm`Ć+ fud lstl fmzuk dmcduŦlc+ m`cdmkukuc àc kcpslŕtl mtrchutuk suprld fmrl ferlspuòl feòcŦclc udm`l7 lkchlrmrlm ol ierŦm kcdctmtemrl m `mturcc "c`stc`ftuk# ŕc dmrlkl omr spcrctumk mk kchlrukuc mrhctru+ mflmstĆ vlrctmhckĆ pcmtrĆ ol tldlkcl m frlmŦclc+ iĆrĆ ol fmrl icc`Ŧm icc`Ŧm ù sl pemtl sfuturm ol fĆtuŕlkl fĆtuŕlkl `mturcc+ suheroe`èò suheroe`èò$e ŕc olvl`cò stĆpèùk lc+ mk preprclc smkl icc`Ŧl ŕc u` oed` spcrctumk mk frlmŦclc^l ol mktĆ pmrtl+ ierdm uùc pĆcm`gl`+ m uùc vclrdl smu m u`lc c`slftl+ m u`lc pĆsĆrc smu m uùc pmtruplo+ Ŧc`l fe`t ol mùdctl prc`fcpcc lstltcfl fuèsfutl ùdmc ol Dc`l+ omr vĆ pemtl eilrc e cdmjc`l c`tuctcvĆ msuprm à`flputurcker prcderocmkl mkl fe`flptukuc ol iruduslŦl+ fmrl ŕ c$m mtc`s mpejluk à` ierdm udm`Ć. Fbcmr ŕc mflmstĆ cdmjc`l c`tuctcvĆ lstl pmrŦcmk msfu`sĆ ol imfterc prlfud kefuk à` fmrl trĆclŕtl m`cdmkuk+ ilkuk à` fmrl sl brĆ`lŕtl lk ŕc dl`crlm pl fmrl e mrl "mktilk spus+ lm ù pemtl ic vĆzutĆ olfèt fu efbcuk spcrctumk#. Ierdm spcrctumkĆ msfu`sĆ lstl ol e iruduslŦl olsĆvèrŕctĆ+ cmr olzvektmrlm lc ù pemtl ic mktilk. Vc`juruk kufru pl fmrl vc$k pet àdpĆrtĆŕc lstl urdĆteruk7 à`trlmjm kudl erjm`cfĆ lstl strĆhĆtutĆ ol u` km`Ŧ mk colcker+ fmrl olrcvĆ u`lkl oc` mktlkl ŕc prljĆtlsf fu mtl`Ŧcl `mŕtlrlm u`lc ierdl suplrcemrl oc`tr $ u`m cìlrcemrĆ. Mflstl colc momujĆ à`tetolmu`m flvm+ plrilfŦce`lmzĆ plr ilfŦce`lmzĆ à`tetolmu`m flvm+ pè`Ć fèò mtc`j pu`ftuk fukdc`m`t+ rlprlzl`tmt ol ierdm udm`Ć. LvekuŦcm à`flpl fu stè`fm flm ourĆ ŕc sl sièrŕlŕtl fu eduk+ sc`jurm icc`ŦĆ fmrl m mgu`s mg u`s prc` preprcm sm kejcfĆ km fe`fkuzcm lxcstl`Ŧlc u`lc Icc`Ŧl suplrcemrl+ m uùc Oud`lzlu+ fmrl m oerct sĆ frllzl prc` ed preprcm Vm cdmjc`l spcrctumkĆ "omr ŕc iczcfĆ#+ km fmrl temtl flklkmktl m`cdmkl sĆ prcvlmsfĆ fu rlsplf t+ supu`èòu$c$sl ŕc rlfuèsfèò à` lk ù oemr u` stĆpè`+ fc ŕc u` prcltl` ŕc u` deolk ol urdmt. Fèò spu` temtl mflstl kufrurc+ Lu ù DĆ rlilr $ olscjur $ km ed mŕm fud àk ŕtcŦc vec+ fc mŕm fud k$md frlmt Lu+ e cdmjc`l plrilft pur Ć m Dlm+ à`zlstrmtĆ fu temtl putlrckl spcrctumkl ŕc fu flm dmc olsĆvèrŕctĆ ierdĆ dmtlrcmkĆ fu putc`ŦĆ. Fèòvm+ ierdm udm`Ć m rlprlzl`tmt fu molvĆrmt lxprlscm spcrctukuc sĆu `Ćsfut oc` Dc`l. Mflstm lstl ol mktilk ŕc colmkuk km fmrl lk trlhucl sĆ sl à`temrfĆ. Fèò eduk àŕc vm àdpkc`c dl`crlm ŕc vm ic mstilk à`èhckmt+ à`trljuk rljmt m`cdmk vm fe`trchuc km mflmstĆ à`èhckmrl. Xmperturckl oc`trl emdl`c ŕc m`cdmkl ù ver dmc rĆdè`l mtu`fc flkl mftumkl. Fèòvm+ eduk à`Ŧlkljlm dukt dmc hc`l olfèt mfud kudlm m`cdmkĆ. M`cdmklkl àk msfuktmu ŕc ù lrmu ouŕdm`cc sĆc ''. Oc` pĆfmtl+ eduk s$m àòlpĆrtmt trlptmt ol ierdm sm prcderocmkĆ. Lk s $m sfbcdhmt+ omr m`cdmklkl mu rĆdms km ilk. Oc` fmuzm c`tl`Ŧccker smkl oc` fl à` fl dmc estckl+ m`cdmklkl oc` prlzl`t mu mgu`s sĆ$k prcvlmsfĆ pl ed fu tlmdĆ+ fm pl fm pl u` ouŕdm`. XlkmŦcm mdcfmkĆ fmrl lxcstm km à`flputurc m ocspĆrut+ kefuk prcltlùkuc iccò kumt ol stĆpèùk cìklxchck ŕc ljecst. Oc` mflst detcv+ eduk deolr` lstl `lvect ol duktl erc s Ć kuptl pl`tru m$ŕc mpĆrm vcmŦm pusĆ à` plrcfek ol mtmfurckl m`cdmklker+ fmrl à` trlfut stĆtlmu kc`cŕtctl km pcfcemrlkl smkl+ msfuktèòu $c fbcmr ŕc flkl dmc dcfc peru`fc. Eduk s$m iekesct à` deo jrlŕct ol kchlrtmtlm fu fmrl m iest à`zlstrmt ŕc m trm`sierdmt mflmstĆ kudl m pĆfcc à`tr $u` fmrtclr rĆu imdmt+ pkc` ol frcdc`mkc ŕc ol beŦc+ à` fmrl `cdl`c ù dmc ŕtcl fl lstl cuhcrlm ŕc à`frlolrlm+ fc ùdmc urm ŕc tlmdm. YĆ sfrcu mflstl rèòurc veuĆ+ flker puŦc`c fmrl dmc frlolŦc à` Dc`l+ fm e èuĆ oevmoĆ m





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

rĆtĆflmsfĆ+ fc trlhucl rlsplftmtĆ à`tru tetuk. Erc ol fètl erc lstl peschck+ kl mgut plrse`mk sĆ mvm `slzl pl fmklm fĆtrl plrilfŦcu`l+ pl`tru fm temtl cìuzemrlkl+ icl lkl scdpkl smu fedpklxl+ temtl de`molkl+ m`cdmklkl ŕc icc`Ŧlkl udm`l sĆ dlmrjĆ dmc olpmrtl pl fmklm fĆtrl molvĆr+ sĆ sl purcicfl ŕc sĆ sl dmturczlzl+ pl`tru m putlm rlc`trm mstilk à` rljmtuk spcrctlker oc` fmrl kl$md trcdcs fèòvm pl`tru m trlfl tlstuk à`flrfĆrcker pl temtl `cvlklkl kudcker Dlkl dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl+ ŕc pl`tru m putlm rlfĆpĆtm mstilk $ à` iuzcu`l fu spcrctuk suprld mk kudcker ŕc mk pĆdè`turcker $ mflm ierdĆ udm`Ć fmrl àdc lstl fu molvĆrmt pl pkmf. Fmrl lstl sc`tlzm mflster r èòurc5 èòurc5 Fe`fkuzcm lstl fĆ Cuhcrlm lstl sc`juruk imfter olfcscv mk frlmŦclc+ fmrl+ olŕc à`flpl prc` m slpmrm spcrctlkl+ imfl mflst kufru ùdmc m kl vlo lm à` ic`mk dmc strè`s u`ctl ŕc iuzce`mtl+ fĆfc mu rlolvl`ct plrilftl. ^l`tru m putlm mtc`jl mflmst Ć stmrl ol iuzcu`l à`tru plrilfŦcu`l+ vec trlhucl sĆ kuptmŦc à`sĆ pl`tru lm+ sĆ e hc`ldlrctmŦc. hc`ldlrctmŦc. FĆfc ùdmc ‐flk rlmkczmt dlrctĆ dlrctĆ ferem`m—Fe`ŕtcc`Ŧm rlmkczĆrcc feòufl km hlmtctuoc`lm peslscu `cc. Ol mfllm+ mr trlhuc sĆ imflŦc temtl lierturckl pl`tru m mtc`jl stmrlm pl fmrl v$md olsfrcs$e+ pl`tru m rlolvl`c cdmjc`c mkl Dlkl ŕc m hc`ldlrctm ùdlkl ol ol ‐Fepcc mc Dlc—_emtl mflstl kudc`c mkl jrm Ŧclc pl fmrl vc kl trcdct oc` fèò à` fèò ù slrvlsf olfèt mflstuc u`cf sfep+ mflkm fm vec sĆ rlmkczmŦc oc` fl à` fl dmc preiuò fĆ dlsmguk kuc Oud`lzlu pl`tru vec lstl uùk sc`jur+ ŕc lk lstl vmkmhck pl`tru temtĆ kudlm+ ol km flm dmc dcfĆ de`moĆ ŕc pè`Ć km vec+ emdl`cc. Dlsmguk vĆ lstl rlpltmt à` plrdm`l`ŦĆ+ fu iclfmrl hĆtmcl m c`cdcc+ fu iclfmrl pkcdhmrl prc` `mturĆ+ ŕc su`Ć mstilk7 ‐ @u uctmŦc sfepuk pl`tru fmrl mŦc iest frlmŦc- IekescŦc iclfmrl dcùt ŕc iclfmrl Fuvè`t mk Dlu pl`tru m àdpkc`c mflst sfep- —+ fĆfc vm vl`c à` furèò vrldlm fèò jrèuk vm ic slpmrmt ol `ljbc`Ć. IlrcfcŦc flc fmrl àŕc ver ic iekesct ferlft tcdpuk ŕc fuvc`tlkl+ olvl`cò u` mkumt hu`+ oc` fmrl sĆ cmsĆ e pèc`l premspĆtĆ à` flrurc+ fe`tcùèòu$ŕc mstilk fmklm fĆtrl plrilfŦcu`l. @u uctmŦc fĆ Lu+ u`cfuk ^Ćster+ vec vl`c à` furèò pl`tru m$Dc mou`m turdm ŕc m e pu`l suh pretlfŦcm Dlm- Mdc`. "' Ylzc ‐Dusfm— ol Gmaeh Kerhlr `.r.# "'' Ylzc ‐Fmsm Oedùkuc— ol Gmaeh Kerhlr `.r.#

Fmpctekuk =3 Lsl`Ŧm vclŦcc "=8 mujust =2:8#



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

dmc lklvmtĆ oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk+ à` splrm`Ŧm fĆ àc vec fe`vc`jl pl dukŦc mtlc ŕc `lfrloc`fceŕc ol fllm fl mstĆzc fe`tlstĆ fu à`fĆpĆŦè`mrl. VĆ vlold mŕmomr7 fl lstl vcmŦm5 OmfĆ `l rmpertĆd km scdŦurckl vemstrl+ ‐vcmŦm— lxcstĆ ercuòl lxcstĆ e trm`sierdmrl+ e sfbcdhmrl+ e dcŕfmrl dm`cilstĆ. Yec spu`lŦc7 mflmstĆ pkm`tĆ+ mflst m`cdmk+ mf lst ed lst vcu. Mfeke uòl vcmŦm ù lstl vczchckĆ+ à`trufèt ù lstl plrflptchckĆ ol scdŦurckl vemstrl+ mŕm fud sl à`tèdpkĆ à` rljmtuk dc`lrmk+ vec spu`lŦc fĆ ù lxcstĆ vcmŦĆ+ fc flk dukt e fedhustcl fmrl Ŧc`l fe`t ol mùdctl kljc ŕc fmrl imfl fm pè`Ć ŕc pcmtrm sĆ lxplrcdl`tlzl e trm`sierdmrl+ olŕc dukt dmc kl`tĆ ŕc cdplrflptchckĆ+ à` vczcu`lm vemstrĆ+ mflmstĆ trm`sierdmrl lstl jl`lrmtĆ lxfkuscv ol cìkul`Ŧm mkter lkldl`tl msuprm lc. Mŕm vlolŦc vec vcmŦm. Hetm`cŕtcc veŕtrc vĆ olde`strlmzĆ prc` stuocckl ker fĆ à` c`tlrceruk pkm`tlc fcrfukĆ mùdctl sufurc+ vĆ verhlsf olsprl mkfĆtucrlm c`tlrcemrĆ m uùc fepmf+ m u`lc iru`zl+ m u`lc ikerc smu m uùc iruft+ mŕm fud rlzuktĆ lm oc` m`mkczlkl ker fbcdcfl ŕc km dcfresfep+ prlzl`tèòu$vĆ ichrlkl ŕc fm`mklkl fmrl lxcstĆ à`Ću`truk mflsterm. Lc ù rluŕlsf à`sĆ sĆ lxpkcfl mstilk olfèt dlocuk ŕc fm`mklkl prc` fmrl furjl vcmŦm+ ù vcmŦm à`sĆŕc. à`sĆŕc. M`mtedcŕtcc veŕtrc ocslfĆ m`cdmkl vcc smu demrtl+ à`flrfèò sĆ olsfeplrl vcmŦm icl à` dcgkefuk terturcc+ icl mfeke uòl lm ù dmc lxcstĆ. Lc vĆ verhlsf olsprl `lrvc+ olsprl suhstm`Ŧm mkhĆ smu flùŕcl+ pl fmrl kl fe`scolrĆ imftercc sl`zmŦccker ŕc mc dcŕfĆrcc. YĆ lxpkcfĆ ol msldl`lm vcmŦm erjm`cfĆ ŕc m`cdmkĆ m edukuc+ olsfeplrcò u`lerc fl`truk oc` fmrl sl `mŕtl vcmŦm+ à` sièrŕct+ vĆ v erhlsf olsprl frlclr ŕc olsprl fcrfudvekuŦcu`ckl mflstucm+ olsprl ferlspeòl`Ŧm ŕc olplòl`Ŧm sm imŦĆ ol scstlduk `lrves prc` c`tlrdlocuk `lrvcker veku`tmrc ŕc c`veku`tmrc+ ŕc vĆ lxpkcfĆ strufturm mflsterm+ pl fmrl àc fe`scolrĆ purtĆtercc vec`Ŧlc ŕc mc ierŦlc vclŦcc+ à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl à`sĆ vcmŦm preprcu $zcsĆ+ lc fe`tcùĆ sĆ ù e à`ŦlklmjĆ. @u rlmkczlmzĆ ol fl trm`sdctl `lrvuk+ prlfud u` icr tlkljrmicf+ dlsmglkl frlclrukuc fĆtrl dldhrl ŕc c`vlrs+ olfczcckl suikltukuc ŕc vcmŦm pl fmrl e fe`Ŧc` mflstlm. _et fl pet spu`l lc lstl fĆ `lrvuk lstl fe`struct mŕm ŕc mŕm+ ŕc fĆ rekuk kuc lstl mflkm ol fm`mk feòufter+ à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl à`sĆ ikucouk fmrl oĆ vcmŦĆ mflstuc fm`mk tlkljrmicf+ putlrlm à` sc`l m vclŦcc+ su`t c`fmpmhckc sĆ spu`Ć flvm olsprl mflstlm ŕc ver rĆdè`l mstilk mtètm vrldl fèt sl ver kcdctm sĆ c`vlstcjblzl `mturm ùdmc fu mguteruk c`tlklftukuc. FĆfc ù ver putlm à`Ŧlkljl `cfceomtĆ fl lstl jèòuk+ mflst imfter lsl`Ŧcmk mk vclŦcc fmrl sl dm`cilstĆ prc` fuvè`tuk sfrcs smu verhct ŕc pl fmrl àk trm`sdct fcrfudvekuŦcu`ckl fcrfudvekuŦcu`ckl frlclrukuc+ iĆrĆ m$k jl`lrm à`sĆ. Jèòuk lstl u` preous spcrctumk. spcrctumk. Ol mfllm+ ilkuk à` fmrl mpmrl ŕc ocspmrl ù pemtl ic à`Ŧlkls olfèt prc` fkmrvczcu`l+ ol fĆtrl eduk dmc lvekumt oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk. Oc` mflst detcv+ vcm Ŧm sm+ fmrl trm`sflòl vcmŦm erjm`cfĆ ŕc m`cdmkĆ+ ù pemtl ic lxpkcfmtĆ prc` lxmdc`mrlm mflstlcm oc` urdĆ. Vtuoclrlm dmtlrclc flùŕcc smu m `lrvcker fmrl sl `msf oc` lm ù vm plrdctl `cfceomtĆ à`Ŧlkljlrlm kudcc c`tlrcemrl m edukuc+ `cfc sfbcdhuk ol dlsmgl fmrl mr l kef à`trl mflmstĆ kudl ŕc flm lxtlrcemrĆ+ fu f u sfepuk lvekuŦclc spcrctumkl m edukuc pscbcf.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

YcmŦm ol fmrl vĆ verhlsf lstl ierŦm fmrl oltlrdc`Ć trm`sierdmrlm pcltrlker+ `mŕtlrlm smu oczekvmrlm ker à` mktl lkldl`tl+ fmrl frllmzĆ erjm`lkl pkm`tlker+ fmrl mscjurĆ c`stc`ftlkl m`cdmklker ŕc fmrl+ à` fmzuk edukuc+ fedhc`Ć temtl ierdlkl m`tlrcemrl ol vcmŦĆ+ oèò `mŕtlrl uùc ù fklu spcrctumk+ dlocuk fmpmhck sĆ$ŕc mscjurl e vcmŦĆ ltlr`Ć. MflmstĆ vcmŦĆ ù pemtl ic olsfeplrctĆ ŕc fkmscicfmtĆ prc` c`tlr dlocuk m`mkczlc fbcdcfl+ `cfc fu mguteruk dcfresfepukuc smu mk ocslfŦclc. MflmstĆ ierŦĆ Ŧc`l ol e eroc`l suplrcemrĆ+ dmc prlsus ol fllm fl frlolŦc vec+ sĆrdm`c c`vlstcjmterc erhc+ fĆfc lm ù lstl u` preous mk dmtlrclc+ fc ‐e fe`slfc`ŦĆ m preprclc Dlkl vclŦc+ ltlr`Ć ŕc `lpclrctemrl-— Fud mŦc putlm dĆsurm vec+ sĆrdm`l icc`Ŧl skmhl+ vcmŦm cìc`ctĆ m kuc Oud`lzlu5 Yec àc putlŦc vlolm mfŦcu`ckl Kuc à` tet fllm fl vĆ à`fe`gemrĆ+ omr ù àk vlŦc putlm olsfeplrc `cfceomtĆ pl Lk+ olfèt omfĆ vlŦc dloctm msuprm Vc`lkuc vestru rlmk+ fmrl lstl pl`tru flc dmc dukŦc oc`trl vec e l`cjdĆ. Ercfl msplft mk frlmŦclc mŦc m`mkczm+ vlŦc olsfeplrc dmc prlsus ol lkldl`tl+ lklftrcfctmtl ŕc dmj`ltcsd+ mflmstĆ ierŦĆ suplrcemrĆ+ fĆfc prcdlkl ù lxcstĆ olfèt pl`tru m prepmjm vcmŦm+ pl`tr u m fe`struc ŕc m susŦc`l à`trlmjm kudl vczchckĆ+ feòufèò $e fĆtrl dl`crlm lc suplrcemrĆ+ spcrctumkĆ. Ym vl`c fkcpm f èò teŦc mflŕtc oed`c dmtlrcmkcŕtc fmrl olhctlmzĆ mhsuroctĆŦc ver rljrltm mflst kufru+ hklstldèòu$ŕc kcpsm ol c`spcrmŦcl. Lstl fkcpm fèò ferpuk pl fmrl k$mu fè`tmt mtètm àŕc vm om oubuk+ iccò mŕlzmt à`tr $u` scfrcu ŕc rltur`mt à` pĆdè`tuk oc` fmrl m prevl`ct fèòvm. À` mflst dedl`t splfcmk+ fmrl imfl kljĆturm fu ltlr`ctmtlm+ lc ver trldurm+ trlzcòu $sl imŦĆ à` imŦĆ fu e kudl pl fmrl mu fe`scolrmt$e c`lxcstl`tĆ+ à`flrfèò sĆ $c fe`vc`jĆ ŕc pl mkŦcc ol mflmstĆ mhsuroctmtl. Ym ic à`sĆ ‐prlm tèrzcu—7 ver ic `lvecŦc mtu`fc sĆ c`trl à` kudlm ol oc`feke pl uŕm oc` oes+ trlzcòu$sl à`tr$u` ilk ol ‐vco—+ lxmft mŕm fud ŕc k$mu cdmjc`mt. Mfeke ver mvlm suicfcl`t tcdp km $e ocspezcŦcl pl`tru m rlù`Ŧm km vlolrckl ker dmtlrcmkcstl msuprm frlmŦclc+ à`vĆŦèò sĆ supertl dĆfmr à`tr $e dcfĆ dĆsurĆ kudc`m spcrctumkĆ. Mflmstm vm ic semrtm ker+ pl fmrl ù Lu kl$md prljĆtct$e+ fc pl fmrl ŕc$mu prljĆtct$e sc`jurc. @u v$m spus Mpestekuk ^m vlk7 ‐OupĆ fud fmol fepmfuk+ mstilk vm rĆdè`l lk fukfmt—5 Fc`l vm fĆolm iĆrĆ frloc`ŦĆ+ sl vm trlzc à` kudlm ol oc`feke tet iĆrĆ frloc`ŦĆ+ à` fkcpm derŦcc+ flk fmrl m fe`tlstmt temtĆ vcmŦm lsl`Ŧm spcrctumkĆ vm ic `lvect sĆ rlù`Ŧl ù ùdmc km ferp+ fc ŕc km vcmŦm frlclrukuc sĆu+ olfc km c`tlklftuk pl fmrl k$m prlŦuct mtètm+ iĆrĆ sĆ àc rĆdè`Ć `cdcf à` sfbcdh. YcmŦm sm spcrctumkĆ+ pl fmrl m `ljmt$e fu mtètm putlrl+ vm ic à` fe`tcùmrl ljmkĆ fu zlre. @u vĆ putlŦc cdmjc`m+ fepccc Dlc+ fèt ol dczlrmhckl ver ic feòcŦcckl fmrl àk ver à`tèdpc`m à` kudlm ol oc`fekeVĆ àc kĆsĆd à`sĆ pl smvm`Ŧc sĆ sl prlefupl ol erjekcckl ker ŕc sĆ `l à`temrfld km sld`cicfmŦcm fuvè`tukuc ‐vcmŦĆ—. FĆfc Lu ù oerlsf sĆ vĆ olsfrcu vcmŦm pl fmrl e ver mvlm oc`feke flc `lfrloc`fceŕc+ fc flm m flker frloc`fceŕc. Mflmstm lstl plrsplftcvm fĆtrl fmrl trlhucl sĆ tcòlŦc vec. Fèt olsprl flckmkŦc+ iclfmrl àŕc vm prcdc olstcùk pl fmrl àk dlrctĆ. À`flrfmŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflst prefls spcrctumk7 vcmŦm+ mŕm fud v $md olsfrcs$e Lu+ fm e ldm`mŦcl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

spcrctumkl+ fmrl àk mtrmjl fĆtrl sc`l pl fĆkĆter+ eilrcòu $c c`tucŦcm fĆ oc`feke ol dmtlrcm flm dutĆ oc` fmrl lstl mkfĆtuctĆ `mturm lxcstĆ u` spcrct suplrcer+ fmrl c sl morlslmzĆ fu prcltl`cl7 ‐^rcvlŕtl+ dcfuŦukl fĆkĆter- Fllm fl scdŦc à` prlmgdm dlm lstl veflm kuc Oud`lzlu fmrl àŦc verhlŕtl ocrlft+ rlvĆrsèò msuprm tm mflmstĆ stmrl ol dukŦudcrl+ ol kc`cŕtl ŕc ilrcfcrl+ oer`cf sĆ àŦc spu`Ć urdĆtemrlkl7 Edukl+ ù fĆolm à` fmpfm`m c`tlrlslker tmkl dmtlrcmkl+ fmrl ù prcvlsf olfèt sfurtm plrcemoĆ m vclŦcc tmkl pĆdè`tlŕtc- Fe`smfrĆ $tl dmc oljrmhĆ lvekuŦclc tmkl spcrc tumkl- @ec+ spcrctlkl u`lc `mturc vcrjc`l+ fmrl m lxcstmt l xcstmt fu dukt tcdp à`mc`tl fm pcfcemrlkl tmkl sĆ ic fĆkfmt pl pĆdè`t+ olpu`ld dĆrturcl à` imŦm tm à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl dĆrlŦcm+ ed`cpetl`Ŧm ŕc cuh crlm kuc Oud`lzlu- Mprepcl$tl ol èc_rĆclŕtl scdpku ŕc km u`cse` fu `mturm+ cmr vcmŦm tm iczcfĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ ù vm ic `lvectĆ sĆ sl à`vekhurl zl prc`trl pcltrl ŕc stè`fc+ mŕm fud su`t `lvectl sĆ e imfĆ terl`tlkl èmstrl+ fc vm furjl kc`+ prc`trl pmgcŕtc fu ikerc ŕc pĆourc udhremsl+ àòrlptèòu $sl fĆtrl dmrlkl Eflm`Fe`scolr Ć vcmŦm e ldm`mŦcl m Vpcrctukuc Frlmterukuc tĆu+ prc` m fĆruc vec`ŦĆ mtetputlr`cfĆ `l $ md `Ćsfut c`fkuscv èc+ pcltrlkl ourl+ pl`tru m olfĆolm mpec oc` èu+ à` vccteruk àòlpĆrtmt+ olsfedpu`èòu$`l à` lkldl`tlkl prcderocmkl+ mstilk à`fèt vcmŦm èmstrĆ+ mgu`sĆ pl u` `cvlk dmc dmtur+ sĆ pemtĆ lvekum à` ierdl èc+ suplrcemrl-— Mŕm vĆ verhlsf du`Ŧcc. Mŕm sl morlslmzĆ vcmŦm ker spcrctumkĆ spcrctukuc oc` vec+ sc`juruk fmrl pemtl vlolm oc`feke ol mpĆ ŕc ol fukdckl à`zĆplzctl+ slsczèò ferlspeòl`Ŧlkl spcrctumkl+ brm`m sm suikltlmsfĆ ŕc spcrctumkĆ. FuktcvmŦc mflmstĆ vcmŦĆ ŕc mhcm mpec prcvcŦc furjlrlm lc prc` fm`mkl ŕc vmsl1 vlŦc à`Ŧlkljl mtu`fc fĆ ikucolkl vcc fmrl furj prc` mflstl fm`mkl vĆ verhlsf à` rlmkctmtl ol u` prc`fcpcu suplrcer+ dmc suhkcd+ fmrl olpĆŕlŕtl fu dukt kljlm mtrmfŦclc ŕc m rlspc`jlrcc+ smu mscdckmrlm lkldl`tl ker fbcdcfl à`ruoctl. er YlŦc à`Ŧlkljl mtu`fc dmc uŕer `lflsctmtlm frlclrukuc+ fm lkldl`t ol susŦc`lrl m vclŦcc+ m tutur er fm`mklker+ vmslker ŕc `lrvcker feòufterc+ fmrl mscjur Ć furjlrlm cdpuksukuc fĆtrl dm`cilstmrlm vclŦcc m`cdmkl+ erjm`cfl ŕc mèrjm`cfl+ iĆrĆ m putlm ic feìuòmtl à`sĆ vrleomtĆ fu vcmŦm à`sĆŕc. ^kè`jlŦc$c pl flc fmrl fe`scolrĆ dm`cilstmrlm vclŦcc vljltmtcvl à`sĆŕc lsl`Ŧm vclŦcc+ iĆrĆ sĆ rlfuèmsfĆ `cfc u` prc`fcpcu spcrctumk suplrcer+ sctumt olmsuprm fmkmdctĆŦcker vclŦcc- VĆrdm`l frlmturcLkl àŕc imf prehkldl à` kljĆturĆ fu dmtlrcm+ fmrl ù kl pemtl eilrc `cdcf. IlrcfcŦc $c à` sfbcdh pl flc fmrl rlfuèsf prc`fcpcuk spcrctumk+ trĆcò `lùdĆrmtl cdprlscc hlmtcicfl+ fbcmr ŕc à` dedl`tlkl dmtlrcmkl flkl dmc ocicfckl+ fmrl à`flmrfĆ sĆ $c trmjĆ à` ges+ à` prmiuk oc` fmrl s $mu `ĆsfutOm+ fepccc Dlc- Lxcst Ć e vcmŦĆ suplrcemrĆ+ fmrl trm`sflòl fu dukt tet fllm fl lstl trlfĆter ŕc fmrl lstl cìc`ctĆ prltutcòl`c+ fbcmr ŕc à`tr $e pcmtrĆ. Vc`jurlkl fmrl sl sfbcdhĆ su`t ierdm ŕc strufturm fbcdcfĆ+ omr lsl`Ŧm ù pemtl ic `cfceomtĆ rlousĆ km zlre. ^rc`fcpcuk cìc`ct oc` c`tlrceruk pcltrlc+ fmrl àŕc mrl ercjc`lm à` Dc`l ŕc fmrl olvc`l oc` fl à` fl dmc dm`cilst à` kudlm vljltmkĆ+ mpec à` flm m`cdmkĆ ŕc fukdc`lmzĆ à` flm udm`Ć+ lstl pu`tlm ol kljĆturĆ à`trl pkmùk dmtlrcmk ŕc flk spcrctumk+ prlfud ŕc à`trl mflstlm oeuĆ ŕc Dc`l.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

spcrctumk+ mftcv+ fmrl m sckct erjmùk sĆ iu`fŦce`lzl pè`Ć mtu`fc+ ù ocspmrl à`sĆ+ omr olvc`l c`vczchck+ oc` fmuzm c`fmpmfctĆŦcc erjmùkuc ol m $k dmc susŦc`l. YcmŦm spcrctumkĆ+ vcmŦm Dlm+ ù à`fltlmzĆ `cfceomtĆ. Fèò suikltuk ù dmc pemtl prejrlsm à` trupuk sĆu+ lm oltlrdc`Ć ocsekuŦcm flkuc oc` urdĆ+ jl`lrèò èc fedhc`mŦcc+ mstilk à`fèt vcmŦm sĆ pemtĆ fe`tcùm pl `cvlkl suplrcemrl ŕc à` fcrfudstm`Ŧl ocilrctl+ pl`tru m sl mprepcm ol dl`crlm lc suprldĆ7 rlvl`crlm km Dc`l. Vl pemtl spu`l mŕmomr fĆ vcmŦm+ prcvctĆ fm sfè`tlcl spcrctumkĆ `ĆsfutĆ oc` Dc`l+ lst l mflk prc`fcpcu fmrl m oĆruct prcdcker mtedc oc` ltlr l`lrjcm `lflsmrĆ pl`tru m sl sekcocicfm+ fmrl m fe`struct mpec oc` mflŕtc mtedc kudckl ŕc stlklkl+ à`zlstrèòu $kl fu temtl dcù`ckl frlmŦclc ŕc pepukèòu$kl. Mflkmŕc prc`fcpcu vm feòufl dmc olvrldl smu dmc tèrzcu mflstl kudc+ mflstl stlkl ŕc mflstl icc`Ŧl à`mpec+ fĆtrl sursm oc` fmrl mu prevl`ct+ fe`strucò oc` lkldl`tlkl rĆdmsl à` urdm ker èc kudc ŕc èc trupurc+ suplrcemrl+ pl`tru spcrctlkl olvl`ctl dmc kchlrl ŕc dmc lvekumtl. YcmŦm `ĆsfutĆ oc` Dc`l lstl cìc`ctĆ. Km ilk su`t ŕc lilftlkl pl fmrl kl preoufl lm. Fc`l ù rluŕlŕtl sĆ$ŕc prcvlmsfĆ preprcm vcmŦĆ ŕc vcmŦm flker oc` gur à` mflmstĆ kudc`Ć+ ù pemtl à`Ŧlkljl `cfc fe`flptuk ol Oud`lzlu+ smu ol Frlmter. Lk lstl c`fmpmhck sĆ mfflptl collm ol ^Ćrc `tl ocvc`+ prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl+ m fĆruc u`cfĆ oerc`ŦĆ lstl mfllm ol m ic rlfuèsfut+ mfflptmt ŕc cuhct ol frlmturckl Vmkl. Km ilk+ ù vm putlm à`Ŧlkljl `cfceomtĆ ol fl Lu md mkls tefdmc mflst dedl`t+ dmc dukt olfèt ercfmrl mktlkl oc` trlfut+ pl`tru m vĆ trcdctl dlsmg oupĆ dlsmg+ kudc`Ć oupĆ kudc`Ć+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ ù dmc pĆŕcŦc à` à`tu`lrcf+ sĆ rlù`ŦmŦc km prlguolfĆŦc ŕc km `là`Ŧlkljlrc+ rlfuèsfèò à` sfbcdh molvĆrmtm kudc`Ć m molvĆrmtlc vclŦc. Iclfmrl hĆtmcl m c`cdcc vemstrl rlprlzc`tĆ u` dlsmg+ e dm`cilstmrl m jrmŦclc Dlkl+ u` cdpuks mk vclŦcc ocvc`l ol fmrl v $md verhct+ fmrl ù mrl à`flput+ `cfc sièrŕct. \rdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflstl fuvc`tl fu c`cdm. ^ĆstrmŦc $kl mcfc ŕc ocjlrmŦc $kl+ fĆfc mflstm lstl kefuk oc` fmrl vcmŦm vemstrĆ spcrctumkĆ+ susŦcùtĆ ol flm erjm`cfĆ+ Ŧèŕ`lŕtl ŕc pl`ltrlmzĆ à`trljuk vestru ferp+ rlvĆrsèò msuprm vemstrĆ sĆ`Ćtmtlm+ hc`lfuvè`tmrlm ŕc pmflm. ^refloèò mstilk+ fuvc`tlkl Dlkl ver udpkl trlptmt temtl jekurckl+ ver lkcdc`m temtl àòeclkckl $e kudl pl fmrl kl dmc mvlŦc à`fĆ ŕc vĆ ver feìlrc oc` fl à` fl dmc dukt flrtctuoc`lm fĆ ù trĆcŦc à`tr $e dmtlrcmkĆ+ fc à`tr $u`m spcrctumkĆ+ à` fmrl lkldl`tlkl dmtlrcmkl ù rlprlzc`tĆ olfèt supertuk our+ à` tcdp fl flkl spcrctumkl rlprlzc`tĆ vcmŦm ŕc plrdm`l`Ŧm. @u lxcstĆ e dmtlrcl mhstrmftĆ+ fc ` udmc lkldl`tl spcrctumkl à`tld`cŦmtl. Mflstlm jl`lrlmzĆ cdpuksurckl fmrl trm`sierdĆ dmtlrcm+ dm`cilstèòu $sl dmc à`tèc à` ierdl mèrjm`cfl+ mpec erjm`cfl+ pl`tru m trlfl mpec dmc olpmrtl+ à` ierdl ierdl èc+ molfvmtl surslc spcrctumkl spcrctumkl oc` fmrl mu prevl`ct. À` kudlm vczchckĆ à` fmrl trĆcŦc vec+ tet fllm fl plrflp scdŦurckl vemstrl ù rlprlzc`tĆ mktflvm olfèt u` c`strudl`t à` vlolrlm mtc`jlrcc uùc sfep. Fmuzm fmrl stĆ km hmzm mflster ilèdl`l lstl dmc preiuòĆ ŕc ù pemtl Ic slsczmtĆ ŕc à`ŦlklmsĆ olfèt fu mguteruk scdŦurcker spcrctumkl. À` c`cdm spcrctumkĆ sl mikĆ sursm ltlr`Ć m vclŦcc+ dmrlm hmtlrcl lklftrcfĆ+ fmrl àŕc trcdctl prc`





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

FĆkĆtercm vemstrĆ à` pkmùk tlrlstru mrl u` mùdct sfep prlfcs+ ŕc mùdl ol m utckczm sfurtuk tcdp pl fmrl àk mvlŦc km ocspezcŦcl pl`tru m vmkercicfm oc` pkc` fmpctmkuk spcrctumk fu fmrl mŦc iest à`zlstrmŦc+ pl`tru m putlm fukljl mpec oehèòm ŕc m vĆ putlm hufurm ol rlzuktmtlkl mfŦcu` cker vemstrl à` kudlm ol mpec- Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk 8> Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć "86 eftedhrcl =2:8# À` fllm fl prcvlŕtl ‐old`ctmtlm udm`Ć— lxcstĆ tet mtètlm pĆrlrc fèŦc emdl`c loufmŦc. Lvcol`t+ emdl`cc prcdctcvc ŕc flc olprmvmŦc ù mu `cfc e coll olsprl fl à`slmd`Ć fuvè`tuk ‐udm`— ŕc olsprl ilkuk à` fmrl mr trlhuc sĆ sl pemrtl pl`tru m olvl`c old`c ol mflmstĆ tctukmturĆ. @u putld verhc ol old`ctmtlm udm` Ć olfèt à` fmzuk emdl`cker fmrl ocspu` ol u` scdŦ ltcf+ loufmŦc oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl fukturmk ŕc dermk. Mŕm fud lstl icrlsf+ sld`cicfmŦcm mferomtĆ fuvè`tukuc olpcòl ol loufmŦcm prcdctĆ ŕc ol ocilrl`Ŧlkl fukturmkl oc`trl pepemrl. @u mflstm lstl à`sĆ detcvuk pl`tru fmrl oerlsf sĆ DĆ rlilr km fe`flptuk ol ‐old`ctmtl udm`Ć—. Fllm fl oerlsf Lu lstl sĆ msefclz à`vĆŦĆturm Dlm fu vcmŦm prmftcfĆ+ pl`tru fm vec+ icc`Ŧlkl pkmsmtl à`trl oeuĆ kudc+ sĆ putlŦc mtc`jl `cvlkuk ferlspeòl`Ŧlc suikltlŕtc ŕc spcrctumkl fu dmrckl colc frlmtemrl mkl _mtĆkuc vestru flrlsf. Olŕc mŦc prcdct iemrtl duktl cìerdmŦcc ol km Dc`l+ vec ù à`ŦlkljlŦc à`fĆ fl à`slmd`Ć fu molvĆrmt ‐old`ctmtlm udm`Ć—+ kufru olde`strmt fu prcsesc`ŦĆ ol sldl`cc veŕtrc+ fmrl mu prltl`Ŧcm ol m ic old`c+ omr iĆrĆ sĆ sl mhmtĆ `cfc e slfuòĆ ol km oerc`Ŧlkl ker. Mktilk spus+



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

tctukmturĆ smu fmrl dm`cilstĆ mùdctl fmkctĆŦc olrcvmtl oc` mtrchutlkl smkl fm ed spcrctumk "mktilk spus+ fmrl ferlspuòl mrbltcpukuc pl fmrl trlhucl sĆ $k à`fmr`lzl iu`fŦcm rlsplftcvĆ#. Ol mfllm+ fuvè`tuk ‐wccrol— "old`ctmtl+ iu`fŦcl+ tctku# ù à`slmd`Ć mktflvm olfèt fĆ plrsem`m rlsplftcvĆ+ ocspu`l ol temtl fmkctĆŦckl fmrl à`èhcklmzĆ eduk+ prcvct fm icc`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ+ ŕc fmrl àk ocilrl`ŦcmzĆ ol sldl`cc sĆc fmrl ù dm`cilstĆ à`fĆ mflstl fmkctĆŦc. MflmstĆ coll ol old`ctmtl "wccrol#+ mŕm fud e à`ŦlkljlŦc vec+ e mp kcf ŕc Lu icc`Ŧlker frlmtl ol Dc`l+ omr fu e mktĆ dĆsurĆ. Mtu`fc fèò md frlmt prcduk ed ol pl pĆdè`tuk vestru+ k$md à`vlstct fu e iu`fŦcl à`mktĆ+ oèòu$c putlrc iemrtl dmrc ŕc iĆfèòu $k suplrcer tuturer flkerkmktl icc`Ŧl ol pl pĆdè`t. OmterctĆ mtrchutlker smkl spcrctumkl+ olrcvmtl oc` imptuk fĆ lrm u` olsfl` ol`t mk Dlu+ c$md mferomt e muterctmtl olpkc`Ć+ fu splrm`Ŧm fĆ lk vm olvl`c lxmft fllm fl k$md ùdct Lu+ mocfĆ ‐VtĆpèùk pĆdè`tukuc— + à` mflst sfep+ lk trlhucm sĆ $ŕc iekeslmsfĆ mflstl mtrchutl ocvc`l à` preprcuk sĆu hl`licfcu+ omr ŕc à` hl`licfcuk flkerkmktl icc`Ŧl ol pl pĆdè`t. ^l`tru fm lk sĆ pemtĆ à`Ŧlkljl fuvè`tuk ‐old`ctmtl— mŕm fud àk à`Ŧlkljlmd Lu+ c $md mferomt kchlruk mrhctru+ kĆsèòu $k fedpklt kchlr sĆ $ŕc iekeslmsfĆ à`fkc`mŦcckl mŕm fud oerlŕtl7 à` hc`l smu à` rĆu. Oerlmd sĆ$k mgut mstilk sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ fĆ old`ctmtlm fu fmrl k$md à`zlstrmt fe`stm à` Ŧc`lrlm suh fe`trek m à`fkc`mŦccker+ fmkctĆŦcker ŕc oerc`Ŧlker+ fm e icc`ŦĆ kchlrĆ ŕc còlplòl`tĆ+ ù fm e dmŕc`Ćrcl mutedmtĆ1 mktilk spus+ old`ctmtlm spcrctumkĆ ù putlm ic mtc`sĆ olfèt prc` fe`trekuk p mscu`cker. À` mflmstĆ ocrlfŦcl+ k$md à`zlstrmt fu temtl fmkctĆŦckl `lflsmrl pl`tru m putlm olvl`c e icc`ŦĆ old`Ć+ trĆcò à` kudlm c`tlrdlocmrĆ sctumtĆ à`trl u`cvlrsuk icc`Ŧlker à`tld`cŦmtl à` dmtlrcl ŕc flk mk spcrctlker fedpklt kchlrl. K$md kĆsmt mpec sĆ ‐wlrol— "sĆ olvc`Ć#+ ŕc fl m olvl`ct lk5 ûtlŦc om sc`jurc rĆspu`suk km mflmstĆ à`trlhmrl+ fĆfc lstl vczchck fu efbcuk kchlr. Ymc+ emdl`cc ù mu olvl`ct fllm fl md oerct Lu sĆ olvc`Ć+ fĆfc à` kef sĆ olvc`Ć stĆpè`cc pĆdè`tukuc+ lc mu olvl`ct sfkmvcc pmscu`cker ker+ à`fĆkfèòu $ŕc vefmŦcm ŕc iekescòu $ŕc à` deo jrlŕct fmkctĆŦckl fu fmrl c $md à`zlstrmt+ à` oltrcdl`tuk ker ŕc mk `mturcc à`fe`gurĆtemrl. Lc mu olvl`ct mstilk ‐`lold`c—. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ temtl `lèrefcrckl ŕc suilrc`Ŧlkl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Fuvc`tlkl pl fmrl kl trm`sdct mfud prc` vec+ fepccc Dlc+ ver ic tefdmc flkl fmrl kl ver moufl mtu`fc mkc`mrl flker à`sltmŦc+ oltlrdc`èòu $c sĆ strcjl oc` èu+ fu imŦm fĆtrl flr7 ‐Fc`l su`t lu+ Oemd`l+ fm _u sĆ$Ŧc mdc`tlŕtc ol dc`l5— Mflstm lstl sfepuk pl`tru fmrl Dc$md prepus sĆ vĆ rlmdc`tlsf oc` èu fl à`slmd`Ć molvĆrmtm ‐old`ctmtl m edukuc—+ pl`tru fm teŦc flc fmrl fmutĆ molvĆruk+ pĆfĆteŕcc+ flc fmrl sl àòeclsf+ sĆ pemtĆ à`Ŧlkljl fèt ol dukt s $mu àòlpĆrtmt ol lm ŕc à`fetre trlhucl sĆ fmutl pl`tru m rlolsfeplrc fmklm fĆtrl ^mrmocsuk pclrout. À`flrfmŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fl vĆ spu` mfud7 mtu`fc fèò Momd m mfŦce`mt àdpetrcvm peru`fcc Dlkl+ lk m pclrout mfflsuk km ^mrmocs. ^mrmocs . Mflst kufru lfbcvmklmzĆ fu pclrolrlm old`ctĆŦcc smkl spcrctumkl. MflmstĆ pclrolrl fudpkctĆ c$m mru`fmt pl teŦc olsflòl`Ŧcc sĆc+ pè`Ć à` zcum ol mstĆzc+ à` fmpfm`m flker dmc lre`mtl colc+ èŦcu`c ŕc fe`flpŦcc olsprl vcmŦĆ ŕc olsprl kudlm à` fmrl trĆcl sf. Cdhekouk prc`fcpmk fmrl dè`Ć mstĆzc udm`ctmtlm dmc olpmrtl lstl mflkm ol m $ŕc rlfèŕtcjm old`ctmtlm spcrctumkĆ pclroutĆ+ sc`jurm fmrl àk pemtl rcocfm pl ed dmc prlsus ol dmtlrcl ŕc ol sl`zumkctmtl+ fmrl àk pemtl mgutm sĆ trm`sflmòĆ `lèrefcrckl ŕc olzmstrlkl+ ŕc sĆ $ŕc àòrlptl prcvcrlm fĆtrl e mktĆ kudl+ à` fmrl mflstl `lèrefcrc ù lxcstĆ+ fĆfc $ ol impt $ lkl ù prcvlsf olfèt hu`Ćstmrlm iczcfĆ m edukuc. Mgu`s à` mflm kudl+ eduk vm à`Ŧlkljl à` sièrŕct fĆ temtl mflstl suilrc`Ŧl ù mu mvut olfèt u`cfuk s fep ol m$k rcocfm oc` èu+ ol m$k mgutm sĆ trm`sflmòĆ dmtlrcm ŕc sĆ rlolvc`Ć stĆpèùk spcrctumk mk u`cvlrsukuc+ mŕm fud k $md frlmt fèòvm. Vfepuk ic`mk lstl mflstm1 sprl lk vĆ àòrlptmŦc fu teŦcc. Vc`juruk kufru fmrl ocilrĆ lstl dedl`tuk à` fmrl uùk smu mktuk oc`trl vec vm mgu`jl mfeke. Fllm fl s$ m `Ćsfut oc` Dc`l trlhucl sĆ sl à`temrfĆ km Dc`l+ fĆfc m iest fèòvm mk Dlu ŕc trlhucl sĆ rlolvc`Ć mstilk. Mfud+ oupĆ fl v$md lxpkcfmt à` puŦc`l fuvc`tl fl à`slmd`Ć ‐old`ctmtlm— + fud v$md oĆruct$e Lu km ercjc`c ŕc fud vec+ icc`Ŧlkl udm`l+ mŦc iekesct$e à` deo jrlŕct+ oerlsf sĆ mpreiuòlz mflst tlrdl`+ pl`tru fm vec sĆ$k à`ŦlkljlŦc dmc hc`l ŕc sĆ vĆ feìerdmŦc oerc`Ŧlc Dlkl à` fuèŕtc`ŦĆ ol fmuzĆ. MsfuktmŦc+ fepccc Dlc- Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć ù à`slmd`Ć mktflvm olfèt ‐mfŦcu`lm fe`stm`tĆ+ jèòcrlm ŕc vec`Ŧm dm`cilstmtl km u`cse` fu kljckl Dlkl ŕc fu cuhcrlm Dlm—- Lu+ cuhcrlm plrse`cicfmtĆ+



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

m`smdhku fmrl lstl molvĆrmtm kuc iczceèdcl spcrctumkĆ "fud mrmtĆ eduk spcrctumk oc`kĆu`truk kuc#. Xliklxcm vclŦcc smkl trĆctl pl pĆdè`t vm olvl`c mtu`fc lxprlscm vlŕdè`tukuc sĆu spcrctumk "ierdm suikltukuc#. Mktilk spus+ flm fmrl vm rlvlkm eduk spcrctumk flkerkmktl spcrctl vm ic sudm tetmkĆ m jèòurcker ŕc oerc`Ŧlker smkl "fmrl mkfĆtuclsf ierdm spcrctumkĆ m edukuc#+ `cfcolfud ierdm sm iczcfĆ. ^rcvct oc` mflmst Ć plrsplftcvĆ+ eduk spcrctumk pemtl mvlm dckcem`l ol ierdl+ ol km e scdpkĆ fmrcfmturĆ+ fmrl mdc`tlŕtl vmj ol ierdm udm`Ć+ ŕc pè`Ć km ierdm edukuc flk dmc èhck+ fmrl m trĆct km u`cse` fu prc`fcpcuk old`ctĆŦcc spcrctumkl+ à` kudlm ol oc`feke+ iclfmrl mrl ierdm à` iu`fŦcl ol ilkuk à` fmrl m trĆct pl pĆdè`t. Fbcmr ŕc pl pĆdè`t lstl peschck u`lerc sĆ c`tuclŕtc ierdm suikltukuc mùdcter plrsem`l+ olŕc mcfc lstl iemrtl uŕer sĆ fmzc à` feìuzcl+ à` kudlm ol mpec ù dmc pemtl ic verhm à`sĆ ol feìuzcc. Ol mfllm vĆ à`vĆŦ ŕc vĆ spu`7 _r ĆcŦc ĆcŦc e vcmŦĆ old`Ć+ à` mfero fu Vc`lkl ocvc`- Xlù`ŦmŦc km cpefrczcl ŕc mrĆtmŦc $kl flker oc` gur fĆ su`tlŦc molvĆrmtl icc`Ŧl udm`l+ km ilk fm prcduk ed frlmt ol Dc`l+ emdl`c fmrl pemrtĆ à` sc`l sfè`tlcm spcrctukuc `ldurcter+ prl olstc`mŦc uùc sfep ocvc`+ mŕm fud olde`strlmzĆ à`trlmjm cstercl m udm`ctĆŦcc+ c`fkuscv à`trupmrlm Dlm @u imflŦc fe`flscc à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl old`ctmtlm1 fe`trekmŦc $vĆ strcft kudlm jèòurcker. Jèòurckl su`t prcdcc sloufĆterc fmrl vĆ moldl`lsf sĆ trlflŦc jrm`cŦm èhklŦlc+ feherèò à` kudlm serocoukuc. Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć lstl sc`juruk sm`ftumr pl fmrl àk mvlŦc. Lm vĆ pemtl plrdctl sĆ mtc`jlŦc ercfl. IĆrĆ lm+ vĆ vlŦc sfuiuòm à`mpec à` kudlm m`cdmklker+ vlŦc olvl`c km ilk fm ŕc lkl+ icc`Ŧl dmtlrcmkl `lold`l ol sfè`tlcm ocvc`Ć. Dmc dukt+ vĆ vlŦc sfuiuòm fbcmr dmc ges ol kudlm m`cdmklker+ fĆfc mtu`fc fèò mflstlm fedct mftl fmrl pmr rlprehmhckl ŕc fruol à` efbcc veŕtrc+ vec ù kl putlŦc guolfm+ à`trufèt imf pmrtl c`tljrm`tĆ oc` `mturĆ. Eduk pemtl feherà à`sĆ dmc ges ol `cvlkuk m`cdmk+ fĆfc lk ocspu`l ol imfuktmtlm jèòcrcc+ pemtl rliklftm msuprm mfŦcu`cker ŕc jèòurcker smkl+ ŕc ŕtcl iemrtl hc`l fĆ mr ic trlhuct sĆ imfĆ mktilk+ omr fe`tcùĆ sĆ mfŦce`lzl c`vlrs pl`tru m $ŕc smtcsimfl `mturm sl`zumkĆ+ ù pl flm ocvc`Ć. Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć lstl mktmruk fmrl mr trlhuc dl`Ŧcùt dlrlu pur. @udmc à` mflmstĆ purctmtl pemtl ic



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fèò ehslrvĆ à`sĆ scdptedlkl hekcc+ u` dlocf hu` ŕtcl fl rldlocc preickmftcfl sĆ eilrl+ pl`tru m cu$zcsĆ m hekcc. OmfĆ hemkm sl olfkm`ŕlmzĆ tetuŕc+ lk ŕtcl fud sĆ e trmtlzl. prlvl`c olfkm`ŕmrlm prepr cu$ Mflkmŕc prc`fcpcu àk mpkcf ŕc Lu. @lèrefcrckl ver à`flpl à` furèò sĆ mpmrĆ pl pĆdè`t+ epcm mstilk ol rlvĆrsèòu$sl u`m oupĆ mktm msuprm vemstrĆ. ^reflsuk ilrdl`tmŦclc ŕc mk slpmrĆrcc sl vm mpr epcm sièrŕct. Mlruk spcrctumk mk jkehukuc vestru pĆdè`tlsf "km ilk fm ŕc mtdesilrm dmtlrcmkĆ+ ol mktilk# lstl pkc` ol vmperc etrĆvcterc. Ym ic `lflsmrĆ e olsfĆrfmrl lklftrcfĆ+ ŕc tefdmc ol mfllm vĆ omu mtètlm simturc. Yl`cŦc fĆtrl Dc`l- @u dmc à`fĆkfmŦc old`ctmtlm fu fmrl v $md à`zlstrmt- @udmc à` mflst ilk vlŦc putlm imfl imŦĆ iurtu`cker fl ver vl`c. MflmstĆ old`ctmtl spcrctumkĆ mrl putlrlm ol m vĆ rcocfm olmsuprm vclŦcc ehcŕùctl+ vĆ mgutĆ sĆ vlolŦc `lèrefcrckl ol zc fu zc à`tr $e kudc`Ć ocilrctĆ ŕc vĆ udpkl c`cdm fu frloc`Ŧm à` _mtĆk flrlsf+ fmrl lstl `lvect km erm mftumkĆ sĆ plrdctĆ msldl`lm ererc tefdmc pl`tru fĆ udm`ctmtlm ŕc $m pclrout fu dukt tcdp à` urdĆ old`ctmtlm fu fmrl m à`zlstrmt $e+ à` splrm`Ŧm ol m ehŦc`l prc` suilrc`ŦĆ fllm fl ù m iest peschck sĆ ehŦc`Ć prc` hu`Ćtmtl. Old`ctmtlm edukuc+ scè`cdĆ fu fe`ŕtcl`tczmrlm jèòukuc fĆ7 ‐@u mpmrŦc` mflstlc kudc+ fc mktlcm+ dmc hu`Ć ŕc ltlr`Ć—+ àk à`mkŦĆ pl ed+ fbcmr omfĆ mflstm lstl `lvect sĆ suilrl oc` fmuzm ocilrctlker movlrsctĆŦc+ rcocfèòu$k fu dukt olmsuprm mflstlc kudc tlrlstrl+ km ilk fm u` ed fmrl stĆ pl fukdlm uùc du`tl à`mkt+ prcvcò oltmŕmt km tuduktuk fmrl sl olsiĆŕemrĆ km hmzĆ+ hufurèòu $sl ol vczcu`lm sm spklòcoĆ+ pmèrmdcfĆ+ ŕc jèòcòu$sl7 ‐E+ ol fl su`t emdl`cc mtèt ol erhc5- Mfeke ges+ sfuiuòmŦc à` dkmŕtc`m pmscu`cker ker cìlrcemrl+ lc uctĆ fllm fl lstl lsl`Ŧcmk ol ormjuk kufrurcker kudlŕtc+ uctèò fc`l mr trlhuc sĆ icl. E+ omfĆ mr mvlm furmguk sĆ vc`Ć mcfc+ sus+ mkĆturc ol dc`l+ fèt ol stupcol kc s $mr pĆrlm temtl mflstl kufrurc fĆrerm mfud kl mferoĆ e cdpertm`ŦĆ mtèt ol dmrl- Fèt ol fudpkct kc s $mr pĆrlm jèòuk fĆ mu ehŦcùt temtl peslscu`ckl pl fmrl kl prlŦuclsf mtèt ol dukt fu prlŦuk old`ctĆŦcc ker ol emdl`c-— À` mflst ilk ver jèòc teŦc flc fmrl ver rlù`Ŧm km dcrmguk pmscu`cker cìlrcemrl ŕc àŕc ver rloehèòc old`ctmtlm spcrctumkĆ. Mŕm trlhucl sĆ jèòcŦc ŕc vec+ flc fĆrerm kl$md morlsmt mtèt ol duktl





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Fmpctekuk 8= XujĆfcu`lm ‐_mtĆk èstru— "== ècldhrcl =2:8# Dcc ol emdl`c restlsf zck`cf mflmst Ć rujĆfcu`l+ fbcmr ŕc ol dmc duktl erc pl zc+ iĆrĆ sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ prmftcf `cdcf oc` fllm fl md oerct sĆ spu` mtu`fc fèò kl $md trm`sdcs$e ocsfcpekcker Dlc. @cfc fbcmr vec+ fmrl su`tlŦc dmc hc`l cìerdmŦc olfèt mkŦcc ŕc fmrl mŦc prcdc t à` dmc duktl rèòurc cìerdmŦcc kljmtl ol mflmstĆ rujĆfcu`l ocrlft ol km Dc`l+ ù à`ŦlkljlŦc sld`cicfmŦcm lc flm dmc preiuòĆ ŕc flm dmc purĆ+ ŕc ù vĆ rujmŦc prcvcòu$DĆ à` imŦĆ+ fc e restcŦc à` prcpĆ+ km ilk fm ercfl mktĆ rujĆfcu`l. Ol mfllm+ Dc$md prepus sĆ vĆ lxpkcf oc` èu mflmstĆ rujĆfcu`l+ trcdcŦèò ŕc pl mflmstĆ fmkl $e kudc`m Dlm fĆtrl c`cdckl vemstrl+ à` splrm`Ŧm fĆ vĆ vec fkmrcicfm dcù`ckl kudcc Dlkl spcrctumkl oc`tr $e



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

sc`l fĆ mc feherèt ol mfeke+ cmr omfĆ tl vlc oevloc old`+ vlc mvlm fèòvm oc` èu mffls kè`jĆ Flk fmrl àŦc plrdctl sĆ $K ùdlŕtc ‐_mtĆ—. Flm ol$m oeum sld`cicfmŦcl sl rlilrĆ km ed`cprlzl`Ŧm ŕc ed`cpetl`Ŧm lvcol`tĆ m _mtĆkuc ‐oc` flrurc—+ iĆrĆ ol fmrl flrlrlm vemstrĆ mr ic à` zmomr7 _mtĆk ù v $mr putlm muzc smu ù v$mr putlm$e àòlpkc`c. Dmc dukt+ omfĆ _mtĆk sl mikĆ à` flrurc+ rlzuktĆ fĆ Lk lstl e Icc`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ+ fmrl trlhucl $e stmrl ol mhmòe`mrl olpkc` Ć+ omtĆ iccò dĆrlŦcm Kuc ŕc `cdcf`cfcm vemstrĆ. mheromtĆ fm mtmrl+ à`tr $e Mflst kufru rlzuktĆ ŕc oc` m`mkczmrlm irmzlc fmrl urdlmzĆ+ ŕc mùdl7 ‐Vic`Ŧct icl @udlkl _Ću-— @udmc flc fmrl à`Ŧlklj prcdlkl fuvc`tl à` sl`suk ker flk dmc preiuò pet rlmkczm fl à`slmd`Ć mflstl fuvc`tl7 ‐Vic`Ŧct icl ùdlkl _Ću-— Vprl oleslhcrl ol u` p Ćrc`tl iczcf+ _mtĆk flrlsf+ Vpcrctuk pur+ ù pemtl ic olfèt skĆvct mtu`fc fèò lstl c`vefmt. @udlkl Icc`Ŧlc Vuprldl ù pemtl ic kumt à` olŕlrt+ ŕc à` `cfc u` fmz ù trlhucl c`vefmt pl`tru kufrurc dĆru`tl+ kudlŕtc+ fĆfc mflst Frlmter+ fmrl v$m plrdcs sĆ vĆ morlsmŦc kuc ùdcòu$K _mtĆ+ lstl prlm suhkcd+ cmr vec+ fepccc Kuc+ efupmŦc u` kef dukt prlm cdpertm`t à` gefuk frlmŦclc+ à` rèòuk icc`Ŧlker jèòctemrl+ pl`tru m $c c`vefm @udlkl+ ŕc cdpkcfct pl Lk à`suŕc+ _mtĆk ŕc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fm teŦc emdl`cc sĆ ŕtcl fĆ àdc pet morlsm ŕc flrlrc kudlŕtc+ ŕc fĆ mprepclrlm ol Dc`l ù prlsupu`l ùdmc sekcfctmrlm dè`tucrcc spcrctumkl. À` ierdm pl fmrl v$md eilrct$e+ rujĆfcu`lm sl rlilrĆ km à`trljuk plklrc`mg mk vclŦcc udm`l+ c`fkuscv km flkl Wlfl êru`fc ŕc km flkl oeuĆ kljc iuòmdl`tmkl pl fmrl kl $md omt Lu7 cuhcrlm ol Oud`lzlu ŕc cuhcrlm ol mprempl. Lm ŕc$m prepus sĆ icl prmjdmtcfĆ+ sĆ sl petrcvlmsfĆ tuturer fcrfudstm`Ŧlker vclŦcc ŕc sĆ kl eilrl emdl`cker mikmŦc à` flkl dmc ocvlrsl sctumŦcc mkc`mrlm oerctĆ+ pl fmrl ùdmc Oud`lzlu+ _mtĆk flrlsf prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl e pemtl eilrc+ lvcol`t+ omfĆ mflŕtcm sl remjĆ pkc`c ol mroemrl ŕc fu à`Ŧlkljlrlm spcrctumkĆ `lflsmrĆ. \rdlmzĆ mpec e èuĆ irmzĆ7 ‐Őc `l cmrtĆ èuĆ jrlŕlkckl èmstrl—+ fmrl rlprlzc`tĆ rlfuèmŕtlrlm olsfbcsĆ m imptukuc fĆ emdl`cc à`fmkfĆ u`lerc kljckl kuc Oud`lzlu+ rĆtĆfcòu $sl smu pĆfĆtucò+ omr à` fmkctmtl ol ol icc`Ŧl udm`l+ ŕc ù ol fepcc fepcc mc _mtĆkuc flrlsf. Vekcfctmrlm clrtĆrcc pĆfmtlker prlsupu`l e rlfuèmŕtlrl m preprclc skĆhcfcu`c. Lm mrmtĆ fĆ icc`Ŧm udm`Ć fmrl sl remjĆ+ smu fepckuk fmrl àc flrl flvm _mtĆkuc flrlsf+ àŕc rlfuèmŕtl skĆhcfcu`lm ŕc fmpmfctmtlm ol m jrlŕc+ ol duktl erc àdpetrcvm vec`Ŧlc smkl. À`tr$molvĆr+ olŕc emdl`cc oerlsf u`lerc sĆ sl epu`Ć mùdcter mfŦcu`c jrlŕctl+ pmscu`ckl ker smu kudlm lxtlrcemrĆ sl oevlolsf prlm putlr`cfl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fc`l su`t lu fm+ sĆ $Ŧc mdc`tlŕtc ol dc`l5—+ ùdmc mtu`fc fèò àŕc dĆrturcslŕtl skĆhcfcu`lm ŕc c`fmpmfctmtlm ol m mtc`jl sc`jur dmrlkl sfep spcrct umk vm à`Ŧlkljl lk vmkemrlm jrmŦclc pl fmrl e rlvmrsĆ msuprm kuc _mtĆk flrlsf ŕc cdl`sm ocilrl`ŦĆ oc`trl mflmstm ŕc mguteruk efmzce`mk prcdct oc` pmrtlm sldl`cker sĆc @udmc à` mflst ilk+ prc` rlfuèmŕtlrlm preprclc c`fmpmfctĆŦc ŕc prc` mhmòe`mrlm olpkc`Ć à` imŦm vec`Ŧlc _mtĆkuc ltlr` ŕc `lsfbcdhĆter+ pemtl ic à`ŦlklmsĆ irmzm ir mzm ol ic`mk m rujĆfcu`cc7 ‐à`trufèt md à`Ŧlkls fĆ iĆrĆ _mtĆk oc` flrurc ù rlprlzc`t `cdcf+ àk kms pl Lk sĆ dĆ ilrlmsfĆ ol tet fllm fl lstl rĆu— + smu+ oupĆ fud micrdĆ rujĆfcu`lm7 ‐Őc `l czhĆvlŕtl ol flk rĆu—. Mflstm lstl preflsuk dè`tucrcc+ mocfĆ mk clrtĆrcc jrlŕlkcc fedcsl à` deo vect smu àdpetrcvm vec`Ŧlc+ mstilk à`fèt eduk sĆ pemtĆ olvl`c prejrlscv icuk _mtĆkuc flrlsf. Ol mfllm+ rujĆfcu`lm sl à`fblcl fu irmzm7 ‐Ilrlŕtl$`l ol temtl plrc feklkl fmrl `l pet clŕc à` fmkl—... ŕc fmrl `l$mr putlm à`tèrzcm prejrlsuk pl fmkl+ à` kef sĆ `c $k jrĆhlmsfĆ. ‐CmrtĆ jrlŕlkckl èmstrl trlfutl ŕc ilrlŕtl $`l ol lvl`tumklkl plrcfekl vcctemrl—. @udmc mstilk àŕc pemtl jĆsc eduk kc`cŕtlm ŕc pmflm prc` rujĆfcu`l+ fmrl àc lxpkcfĆ à` ùdmc fètlvm fuvc`tl fmrl lstl pezcŦcm kuc fm ed ŕc fepck mk kuc Oud`lzlu+ mrĆtèòu $c fĆ iccò sctumt à`trl



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

cdpkerèòu$K sĆ vĆ mgutl sĆ ù uctmŦc+ prc`ŕc à` dcrmguk pmscu`cker sl`zercmkl+ ol olsflòl`Ŧm vemstrĆ spcrctumkĆ. Mstilk trlhucl s Ć restcŦc XujĆfcu`lm Oedùkuc+ cmr _mtĆk vm rlvĆrsm msuprm vemstrĆ+ fepccc Kuc+ cuhcrlm Vm cìc`ctĆ+ fu feòcŦcm sĆ oercŦc ŕc vec sĆ prmftcfmŦc+ mŕm fud e imfl Lk+ cuhcrlm ŕc clrtmrlm à` vcmŦm vemstrĆ tlrlstrĆ+ ŕc ù plolmpsm+ rĆzhu`mrlm ŕc dè`cm. Xlmdc`tcòu$vĆ prc` rujĆfcu`l+ fu c`cdm pkc`Ć ol ldeŦcl+ ol jrmŦcm _mtĆkuc flrlsf+ ol cuhcrlm ŕc putlrlm Kuc Kuc cìc`ctĆ+ vĆ vlŦc mprepcm ol Lk ŕc vlŦc putlm fe`tm pl ed`cpetl`Ŧm ed`cpetl`Ŧm Kuc pl`tru m vĆ pretlgm ol preprcckl vemstrl skĆhcfcu`cskĆhcfcu`c- Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk 88 Kudlm jèòurcker "8< ècldhrcl =2:8# Y$md pevlstct duktl olsprl frlm Ŧcm Dlm+ v$md kĆsmt sĆ mru`fmŦc e prcvcrl msuprm slfrltlker





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

IĆrĆ jèòurc+ fl`truk mr ic rĆdms cdumhck ŕc `ldcŕfmt+ Vc`lkl Dlu. Kudlm jèòurcker lstl flm fmrl m lxtlrcerczmt spcrctlkl oc` icc` Ŧm Dlm+ frlèò mpec kudlm dmtlrcmkĆ+ pl`tru fm mflstlm sĆ sl pemtĆ dm`cilstm ŕc plrilfŦce`m. _rlhucl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflmstĆ kudl m jèòurcker fm pl e kudl mhstrmftĆ+ spcrctumkĆ+ à` fmrl jèòurckl rlprlzc`tĆ prcdlkl prc`fcpcc fmrl stcduklmzĆ+ mscdcklmzĆ ŕc prlzlrvĆ tet fllm fl lxcstĆ à`



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

plrilftl+ iĆrĆ pĆfmt+ feìerdèòu$sl à`tru tetuk kljcker ocvc`l frlmtl pl`tru m kl susŦc`l+ fm sld` mk cuhcrcc Dlkl pl`tru lkl. MflmstĆ plrilfŦcu`l fmrl fmrmftlrczlmzĆ à`trlmjm frlmŦcl+ feìerd prc`fcpcukuc ferlspeòl`Ŧlc+ iccò olrcvmtĆ oc` Dc`l+ lstl vmkmhckĆ ŕc à` fmzuk vestru+ à` fmkctmtlm vemstrĆ ol icc`Ŧl spcrctumkl. ÀìĆŦcŕmrlm vemstrĆ lstl rliklftmrlm icolkĆ m kudcc vemstrl c`tlrcemrl. Oc` pĆfmtl+ vec ù putlŦc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

\` jèò hu` smu rĆu ldm`mt ol e sc`jurĆ plrsem`Ć lstl suicfcl`t u`lerc pl`tru m cìkul`Ŧm dcc ŕc dckcem`l ol plrsem`l+ km ilk fud e pcmtrĆ mru`fmtĆ à` mpĆ jl`lrlmzĆ vmkurc fe`fl`trcfl fl sl àòlpĆrtlmzĆ oc` fl à` fl dmc dukt ol pu`ftuk à` fmrl m fĆzut pcmtrm+ tukhurèò kc`cŕtlm mplc ŕc ocstrujèò kefuc`Ŧlkl dcfcker fltĆŦl`c mc kmfukuc+ c`fmpmhckc sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ fl mùdl m prevef mt ocstrujlrlm kefuc`Ŧlker ŕc demrtlm pucker ker.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

`cfceomtĆ oc` vlolrl fl`truk+ eduk spcrctumk. \` jèò vĆ pemtl hc`lfuvè`tm smu feòmd`m. Lk vĆ mrmtĆ vmkemrlm c`tlrcemrĆ+ vmkmhckĆ mfud ŕc ol $m pururc. Km fl àŦc iekeslŕtl omfĆ emdl`cc tl coekmtrczlmzĆ+ omr tu à`suŦc lŕtc `lvect sĆ tl rlspc`jc+ oc` fmuzm skĆhcfcu`cc tmkl5 Ym vl`c zcum fèò àc vlc pkè`jl pl coekmtrc+ fmrl trĆclsf à` mdĆjcrl+ omr ol Vc`lkl tĆu ù vlc sfĆpm `cfceomtĆ.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

teùk vefcc fesdcfl+ fmrl prefkmdĆ $ prc` tet fllm fl lstl frlmt $ dmrlkl cd` mk cuhcrcc ŕc mk fedpmscu`cc ltlr`l+ pl fmrl _mtĆk kl dm`cilstĆ à` plrdm`l`ŦĆ. Mtu`fc fèò v$md verhct olsprl ‐_cdp— + v$md lxpkcfmt fl à`slmd`Ć mflstm ŕc fud trlhucl iekesct lk+ cmr à` fmpctekuk ‐Old`ctmtlm udm`Ć— v$md spus fl trlhucl ŕc fl ù trlhucl sĆ imflŦc pl`tru m olvl`c fepccc Dlc+ oupĆ fbcpuk ŕc msldĆ`mrlm Dlm+ ŕc fud trlhucl sĆ mfŦce`mŦc pl`tru m ic old`c ol























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

XliklftmŦc km flkl fl v$md spus ŕc vlŦc rlmkczm fu uŕurc`ŦĆ fĆ u`m lstl sĆ c`vlstcjblzc e kcdhĆ olgm lxcstl`tĆ ŕc fu tetuk mktflvm sĆ c`vl`tlzc e kcdhĆ èuĆ+ iĆrĆ m kl cdctm pl flkl fmrl lxcstĆ. ^l `tru vec+ emdl`cc+ mflst kufru sl oevlolŕtl e cdpeschckctmtl. cdpeschckctmtl. Ol mfllm md Ŧcùt sĆ vĆ eilr mflmstĆ klfturĆ+ fm sĆ vĆ omŦc slmdm fèt ol kcdctmtĆ lstl fuèmŕtlrlm vemstrĆ ŕc fèt ol stupco lstl erjekcuk emdl`cker ol ŕtcc`ŦĆ. OmfĆ prcvcŦc kufrurckl fu ocsflr`Ćdè`t+ vĆ vlŦc om slmdm fĆ fllm fl mŦc rlmkczmt vec prc` ierŦl preprcc lstl mprempl `cdcf+ prcdcò prmftcf tetuk prc` prc` jrmŦcm Dlm. Mflmstm lstl ed`csfcl`tĆ ŕc ŕtcl ŕtcl à`tetolmu`m fl imfl ŕc à`fetre sl àòrlmptĆ+ fmrl lstl dedl`tuk epertu` ŕc fmrl su`t flkl dmc petrcvctl c`strudl`tl pl`tru m$ŕc mtc`jl Ŧlkuk. Lkldl`tuk spcrctumk c`lrl`t `mturcc dmtlrcmkl mf Ŧce`lmzĆ c`fkuscv km `cvlkuk kcdhcc+ m fĆrlc dl`crl suplrcemrĆ lstl mfllm ol m slrvc fèòvm fm dcgkef ol lxprlscl icc`Ŧlker rl`Ćsfutl à` pkm` spcrctumk. Ol mfllm+ e kcdh Ć lvekulmzĆ ŕc sl àòrlmptĆ sprl olstcùk lc km ilk fm ŕc eduk smu flklkmktl icc`Ŧl vcc. Jrmdmtcfm ŕc strufturm lc su`t mtèt ol kejcfl+ à`fèt pl`tru e plrsem`Ć rl`ĆsfutĆ spcrctumk sl vm jĆsc à`tetolmu`m fuvè`tuk petrcvct pl`tru m lxprcdm u` mùdct fe`flpt. À`trufèt olstcùk à`trljcc udm`ctĆŦc lstl mflkm ol m rl`mŕtl spcrctumk+ pl`tru m pepukm fèòvm u` pĆdè`t spcrctumkczmt+ kcdhm sm trlhucl sĆ sl momptlzl jrmomt pl`tru m ferlspuòl oc` fl à` fl dmc hc`l mflster flrc`Ŧl spcrctumkl+ àdhejĆŦ còu$sl fu lxprlscc fmrl sĆ rlolm fèt dmc hc`l sl`tcdl`tlkl oc` fl à` fl dmc lxmktmtl mkl emdl`cker. Mu iest `lflsmrl dckcem`l ol kudc ŕc dckcem`l ol m`c pl`tru fm kcdhckl sĆ lvekulzl+ prljĆtcòu$sl pl`tru vccter+ à`trljc jl`lrmŦcc fuklj mstĆzc remolkl mflstlc lvekuŦcc+ preictèò ol imptuk fĆ àŕc pet lxprcdm temtl `lveckl spcrctumkl à`tr $e kcdhĆ hc`l strufturmtĆ oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl vlrhmk smu sfrcs+ à`tru hl`licfcuk ker+ omr dmc mkls mk olsflòl`Ŧcker ker ol dèc`l. MflmstĆ fedu`cfmrl rlprlzc`tĆ e èuĆ oevmoĆ m oerc`Ŧlc _mtĆkuc vestru ol m vĆ rloufl stupcouk erjekcu udm` ŕc ol m à`Ŧlkljl dmc hc`l rljmtuk fesdcf spcrctumk à` fmrl trĆcŦc+ mvèò fm tldlkcl ‐fuvè`tuk—. @udmc fu mguteruk mflstucm pet mikm rlstuk emdl`cker fllm fl mu trĆct c`cŦcmŦcc còcvcoumkc fmrl mu mvut mffls km kudlm spcrctlker ŕc km jrmŦcm _mtĆkuc+ fmrl kl $m mrĆtmt fud fu dckcem`l ol m`c à` urdĆ+ m cdpkm`tmt à` lc "ŕc à` rlstuk fepccker VĆc# e sĆdè`ŦĆ fmrl m frlsfut à`trl tcdp+ oèò mstĆzc remol hejmtl. Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk6> Cìc`ctmtlm "82 dmrtcl =2:9# Yec iekescŦc irlfvl`t mflst fuvè`t+ m fĆruc sld`cicfmŦcl e cjèrmŦc à`sĆ fu olsĆvèrŕcrl. Ol mfllm+ su`t `lvect oc` èu sĆ vĆ eilr èc rlvlkmŦcc kljmtl ol u`cvlrsuk Dlu+ ol dmrlm Dlm frlmŦcl ŕc ol Vc`lkl Dlu. @udmc mstilk vlŦc putlm à`Ŧlkljl fllm fl smvm`Ŧcc ŕc ickeseicc veŕtrc ù mu putut olsfeplrc `cfceomtĆ+ omr fmrl pemtl ic rlmkczmt fu uŕurc`ŦĆ ol ercfl fepck jbcomt ŕc olplòl`t ol cuhcrl7 fĆ prcduk imfter fmrl m stmt km tldlkcm à`trljukuc u`cvlrs m iest cuhcrlm+ fmrl rlprlzc`tĆ scduktm` prc`fcpcuk fl susŦc`l ŕc feòufl temtl icc`Ŧlkl vcc fĆtrl plrilfŦcu`lFm sĆ vĆ pet lxpkcfm mflst fuvè`t+ ‐cìc`ctmtl—+ vm trlhuc sĆ vĆ olhmrmsmŦc dmc à`tèc ol duktl oc` fuèŕtc`Ŧlkl vemstrl mfbczcŦce`mtl prc` stuocu. ^l`tru m putlm à`Ŧlkljl fl vĆ vec spu`l à`



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

VĆ à`flpld mŕmomr fu olic`cŦcm mflstuc fuvè`t+ prefloèò+ fm ol ehcflc+ pms fu pms. OmfĆ vlŦc à`Ŧlkljl fe`flptuk+ vlŦc putlm mgu`jl trlptmt km fe`ŕtcl`tczmrlm molvĆrmtlc Cìc`ctĆŦc+ flm Ltlr`Ć. Fl sl à`Ŧlkljl mŕmomr prc` ‐cìc`ct—5 ‐Cìc`ctmtlm— lstl e stmrl iĆrĆ sièrŕct. Ercfèt ol dukt mŦc ockmtm à` cdmjc`mŦcm vemstrĆ mflst fe`flpt+ lk vm rĆdè`l tetuŕc u` scdpku fe`flpt. Mpkcfmt frlmŦclc ŕc Vc`lkuc Dlu+ mflstm ù lstl suicfcl`t. LxcstĆ u` msplft msefcmt fu cìc`ctmtlm fmrl ù pemtl ic à`Ŧlkls ol dc`tlm udm`Ć7 à` fmkctmtl ol icc`Ŧl udm`l+ vec mvlŦc u` à`flput+ detcv pl`tru fmrl prlsupu`lŦc mutedmt fĆ ercfl kufru trlhucl sĆ mchĆ u` msldl`lm à`flput. MflmstĆ micrdmŦcl ù lstl vmkmhckĆ à`sĆ pl`tru Dc`l ŕc frlmŦcm Dlm. Cìc`ctmtlm Dlm "omr ŕc m frlmŦclc Dlkl# lstl msefcmtĆ ù oemr fu kcpsm uùc sièrŕct+ fc ŕc fu kcpsm uùc à`flput. Fuvè`tuk ‐cìc`ct— fmpĆtĆ mstilk e èuĆ sld`cicfmŦcl+ rlilrcòu $sl olepetrcvĆ km mdhlkl ocrlfŦcc7 kcpsm à`flputukuc ŕc kcpsm sièrŕctukuc. Yec vĆ putlŦc cdmjc`m cìc`ctmtlm à`tr $e ocrlfŦcl "kcpsm sièrŕctukuc#+ omr ù ŕc à` flmkmktĆ. YĆ vec mgutm oc` èu+ omr vm trlhuc sĆ urdmŦc fursuk jèòcrcc Dlkl ŕc sĆ vĆ rcocfmŦc olmsuprm feòcŦclc vemstrl tlrlstrl+ omfĆ oercŦc sĆ vĆ ierdmŦc e epc`cl fèt dmc mprempl ol rlmkctmtl kljmtĆ ol Flk fmrl v$m frlmt. Mŕm fud mŦc iest frlsfuŦc ŕc loufmŦc vec+ lstl cdpeschck sĆ vĆ cdmjc`mŦc flvm iĆrĆ u` à`flput. ^l`tru m à`Ŧlkljl fe`flptl prlfud ‐cìc`ctmtlm— + tetuk trlhucl rmpertmt km Vpcrctuk ocvc`+ sctumt à`tr$e fu tetuk mktĆ rlmkctmtl olfèt c`tlklftuk kcdctmt. Fbcmr ŕc preprcm vemstrĆ lxcstl`ŦĆ trlhucl prcvctĆ à`tr$e mktĆ kudc`Ć. Eduk lstl fe`vc`s fĆ ŕtcl iemrtl duktl kufrurc+ dmc mkls ol fèò fu prejrlsuk ŕtcc`Ŧlc+ omr à` rlmkctmtl lk ù ŕtcl mprempl `cdcf olsprl fllm fl àk à`fe`gemrĆ+ olsprl lxcstl`ŦĆ ŕc sfepuk suprld mk mflstlcm. Fu temtl c`vlstcjm Ŧcckl smkl+ preprcm sm ‐vcmŦĆ—+ smu ‐ierŦm vctmkĆ— fmrl àc plrdctl sĆ jèòlmsfĆ+ sĆ scdtĆ ŕc sĆ mfŦce`lzl+ rlprlzc`tĆ pl`tru ed e l`cjdĆ. Fl sĆ dmc verhcd ol rlstuk frlmŦclc+ mikmtĆ à` mimrm dcùsfuklc smkl silrl ol cìkul`tĆ1 lk à`flmrfĆ sĆ à`jblsucl mflst fe`flpt à` dcfuŦuk sĆu frlclr ŕc sĆ àk petrcvlmsfĆ à` iu`fŦcl ol colckl smkl kcdctmtlWmomr`cf liert+ vĆ mscjur- Vc`juruk fmrl DĆ pemtl à`Ŧlkljl pl Dc`l ŕc frlmŦcm Dlm ù p emtl ic olfèt u` spcrct+ u` olsflòl`t mk Dlu. Oc` ilrcfcrl+ iclfmrl oc`trl vec pemrtĆ u` msldl`lm spcrct à` c`cdm sm. Oc` pĆfmtl+ cjèrèòu $k ŕc `lŕtccò fud sĆ $k fuktcvl+ flc dmc dukŦc emdl`c mgu`j à` kudlm spcrctlker fu u` spcrct fedpklt `lolzvektmt+ mŕ m fud k$mu prcdct ol km Dc`l à` zcum fe`flpŦclc ker. Mŕmomr+ à`flplŦc prc` m uctm tet fl ŕtcŦc olsprl lxcstl`Ŧm ŕc fuèmŕtlrlm vemstrĆ udm`Ć. \ctmŦc ol dcfuŦuk vestru jkeh pĆdè`tlsf+ ol semrlkl fmrl vĆ oĆruclŕtl kudc`Ć ŕc fĆkourĆ. \ctmŦc ol dmtlrcl ŕc ol u`cvlrs+ ol stlklkl ŕc pkm`ltlkl kefuctl+ mk fĆrer ùdĆr ù pemtl ic `cfc dĆfmr cdmjc`mt ol vec. XcocfmŦc$ vĆ à` spmŦcuk cìc`ct+ à` fmrl temtl mflstl kudc+ erhctèò u`m à` guruk flklckmktl+ àŕc urdlmzĆ à` tĆflrl fmklm fĆtrl plrilfŦcu`l- XcocfmŦc$vĆ mkĆturc ol Dc`l prc` jèòcrl+ à`tr$e silrĆ à` fmrl kudc`m ŕc tcdpuk ù dmc su`t kcdctmtl+ à` fmrl spmŦcuk à`suŕc ù dmc pemtl ic fe`flput fm iccò kcdctmt. XcocfmŦc $vĆ mkĆturc ol Dc`l à`tr$e silrĆ à` fmrl ù dmc lxcstĆ kudc`Ć+ `cfc fĆkourĆ+ fc ùdmc à`tu`lrcfuk7 mcfc sl mikĆ olpezctuk à` fmrl su`t stefmtl dmrckl lkldl`tl oc` fmrl su`t frlmtl temtl kudckl. XcocfmŦc$vĆ pè`Ć mgu`jlŦc à` fl`truk mflstuc ‐spmŦcu—+ mŕm fud v$mr mpĆrlm lk. OmfĆ cdmjc`mŦcm smu spcrctuk vĆ pet purtm mtèt ol olpmrtl+ putlŦc spu`l fĆ mvlŦc à` imŦĆ cìc`ctmtlm ŕc pl Frlmteruk lc+ fmrl m fe`flput oc` lm tet fl sl dcŕfĆ ŕc trĆclŕtl à` spmŦcu+ à`tr $e ierdĆ vczchckĆ smu c`vczchckĆ. OmfĆ vlŦc à`Ŧlkljl mflst fe`flpt ol cìc`ctmtl+ vlŦc à`Ŧlkljl ol msldl`lm fĆ Oud`lzlu+ Lk à`suŕc cìc`ct+ mrl preprcuk sĆu spmŦcu cìc`ct+ km ilk fm ercfl mkt kufru smu icc`ŦĆ+ fmrl àk à`fe`gemrĆ fm u` ilk ol mtdesilrm spcrctumkĆ+ fm sĆ spu`ld mŕm. Lk oed`lŕtl à` fl`truk mflstlc mtdesilrl. Mcfc s $m `Ćsfut scdhekuk cuhcrcc. Oc` mflmstĆ mtdesilrĆ s $m `Ćsfut kudlm dmtlrcmkĆ+ ŕc oc` preprcuk VĆu Vc`l m mpĆrut kudlm spcrctumkĆ.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

à` ljmkĆ dĆsurĆ ŕc suhstm`Ŧlkl utckczmtl olgm ol ehclftuk smu ol icc`Ŧm rlsplftcvĆ+ pl fmrl kl rltur`lmzĆ à` spmŦcuk lxtlrcer. Mflmstm lstl fblcm fuvè`tukuc ‐cìc`ctmtl— . VpmŦcuk cìc`ct+ fu temtl icc`Ŧlkl smkl+ rlprlzc`tĆ ‐mtdesilrm— Dlm km ilk ol cìc`ctĆ fm ŕc Dc`l. _et fl lxcstĆ à` lm m clŕct oc` Dc`l+ Ŧèŕ`cò à` cìc`ctmtl fu sfepuk ol m trlfl prc` dmrlkl prefls ol purcicfmrl. Vcdpkuk impt fĆ ù dmc imf pmrtl c`tljrm`tĆ oc` Dc`l ŕc fĆ mpmrŦc` mflstlc mtdesilrl kl feìlrĆ olgm mflster icc`Ŧl e mùdctĆ dmtlrcmkctmtl. C`vlrs+ mflst spmŦcu cìc`ct àdc rltur`lmzĆ temtl prc`fcpcckl spcrctumkl fmrl s$mu ierdmt à` lk+ suhkcdmtl oc` dmtlrcl "smu lkchlrmtl ol mflmstm#. Lk àdc àdhejĆŦlŕtl mstilk Icc`Ŧm spcrctumkĆ+ à`mpecòu $Dc preprcm Dlm cuhcrl+ rliklftmtĆ à`sĆ ol mktl icc`Ŧl. Mflkmŕc prefls sl pltrlfl ŕc fu Vpcrctuk Dlu+ fmrl lstl rliklftmt prltutcòl`c à` lm+ à` temtl jrmomŦcckl fu putc`ŦĆ+ à` mflst ilk sl `mŕtl rljmtuk spcrctumk fmrl DĆ à`fe`gemrĆ+ à` fmrl fe`flptuk fl`trmk mk cuhcrcc olvc`l plrse`cicfmt à` ocilrctl ierdl ŕc icjurc+ fmrl plrilfŦce`lmzĆ ŕc spcrctumkczlmzĆ deŕtl`crlm prcdctĆ fèòvm ol km Dc`l+ rmic`èò$e pè`Ć km olsĆvèrŕcrl+ suh ierdm edukuc$spcrct smu m icc`Ŧlc spcrctumkl. Mŕm fud mtdesilrm fmrl vĆ à`fe`gemrĆ pl vec+ murm fmrl à`seŦlŕtl ercfl ehclft smu icc`ŦĆ+ rlprlzc`tĆ sc`jurm vlrcjĆ fl plrdctl kljĆturm fu rlstuk spmŦcukuc "fu flklkmktl ehclftl smu icc`Ŧl#+ plrdcŦèòu$vĆ sĆ oĆrucŦc à`mpec u`cvlrsukuc mflkl vchrmŦcc ol fmrl ù dmc mvlŦc `l vecl+ km ilk sl pltrlf kufrurckl ŕc fu spmŦcuk cìc`ct+ à` fmrl dmtlrcm+ oczekvmtĆ suh ierdm uèr mtedc dcùsfukc+ mrl fmpmfctmtlm ol m mscdckm ercfl vchrmŦcl+ plrdcŦèò prc`fcpccker scdckmrl sĆ sl mtrmjĆ. Mtu`fc fèò à` spmŦcuk cìc`ct m mpĆrut kudlm dmtlrcmkĆ+ petrcvct dmrcc kljc m frlmŦclc fesdcfl+ iclfmrl mted mk sĆu fe`Ŧc`lm olgm jlrdlùk ŕc à`fkc`mŦcm fĆtrl trm`sierdmrlm fe`tcùĆ. MflmstĆ kljl lstl prcderocmkĆ ŕc u`cvlrsmkĆ+ ŕc ù lxcstĆ `cdcf à` frlmŦcl fmrl sĆ ù e urdlzl. Dmrlkl jèò mk frlmŦclc ù m strcjmt ‐ImfĆ$sl— à` spmŦcuk cìc`ct olfèt e sc`jurĆ omtĆ. M iest suicfcl`t à`sĆ pl`tru fm tetuk sĆ à`flmpĆ sĆ sl dcŕtl ŕc pl`tru fm Vpcrctuk Dlu sĆ pĆtruòĆ à` bmes+ mocfĆ à` dmrlkl fe`jkedlrmt fesdcf mkfĆtuct oc` temtl suhstm`Ŧlkl dmtlrcmkl. Mstilk m à`flput vcmŦm+ mtrmfŦcm ŕc rlspc`jlrlm+ frlmŦcm ŕc trm`sierdmrlm+ cmr lkl ver fe`tcùm ol$m pururc+ pl`tru fĆ ol àòmtĆ fl u` mted lstl rltur`mt à` spmŦcuk ltlrcf+ lk trlhucl sĆ fmutl èc fedhc`mŦcc. Fe`tldpkmŦc dmrckl kudc ŕc jèòcŦc $vĆ fĆ petrcvct freèk ejclc vemstrl+ dckcem`l ol m`c mr ic c`suicfcl`Ŧc pl`tru m kl olic`c preflslkl ol ierdmrl. XliklftmŦc km ùdĆruk ker cdl`s+ olŕc mu per`ct ol km u` sc`jur mted1 prc` ilèdlùk mtrmfŦclc rlfcprefl+ mtedcc s $mu trm`sierdmt à` deklfukl+ fmrl mu olvl`ct mpec ferpurc dcfresfe pcfl+ smu flkukl. Vmturmtl ol mtdesilrlkl à`fe`gurĆtemrl+ mflstlm mu olvl`ct oc` fl à` fl dmc sekcocicfmtl+ strufturèòu$sl à`tr$ u` ùfklu kudcès ŕc fmko+ à` guruk fĆrucm s $m ierdmt e frustĆ ourmhckĆ+ fmrl m olvl`ct suprmimŦm kudcc rlsplftcvl. L`lrjcm ŕc vcmŦm hkefmtl à` c`tlrcer ŕc$mu frlmt e vcmŦĆ preprcl+ vcmŦĆ preprcl+ fe`sudèò fĆkourm ŕc prlfcpctèò vmpercc+ fmrl s$ mu feòl`smt à` mpĆ. Mu mpĆrut mstilk dmrckl eflm`l+ mtdesilrm lxtlrcemrĆ+ vljltmŦcm ŕc icc`Ŧlkl vcc. ^rcvcŦc mflstl kudc1 cdmjc`mŦc $vĆ ùdĆruk ker cdl`s+ à`flpèò fu flk dmc dcf icr ol `cscp ŕc pè`Ć km icc`Ŧm suprldĆ km fmrl feòufl lvekuŦcm+ eduk+ jlrdlùk pre$frlmŦclc lstl mftcv prltutcòl`c. Cdmjc`mŦc$vĆ ol fèŦc m`c tlrlŕtrc mr mvlm `lvecl e msldl`lm lvekuŦcl. JèòcŦc $vĆ km temtl lkldl`tlkl dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl lkcdc`mtl oc`tr $e msldl`lm kudl à` ierdmrl+ fmrl mu olvl`ct dmc tèrzcu fmuzm fmrl m ous km mpmrcŦcm fedltlker. Mflstlm trlhucl sĆ sl strufturlzl ŕc sĆ sl olzvektl à` feìerdctmtl fu mflklmŕc kljc+ pè`Ć fèò ver fĆpĆtm ŕc lkl e dmsĆ sekcoĆ à` rljcu`lm uùc scstld sekmr+ fe`tcùèòu $ŕc lvekuŦcm fm pkm`ltĆ mikmtĆ pl e erhctĆ ol sc`l stĆtĆtemrl. Cdmjc`mŦc$vĆ cdl`sctmtlm ùdĆrukuc dmrcker stlkl+ pl fmrl kl olsfeplrcŦc fu efbcuk kchlr smu fu mguteruk tlklsfemplker. Jè` ocŦc$vĆ km tcdpuk `lflsmr pl`tru ierdmrlm ker+ pl`tru lxcstl`tm ŕc trm`sierdmrlm ker. ^reflsuk fe`tcùĆ fe`tcùĆ km cìc`ct+ cìc`ct+ à` feìerdctmtl feìerdctmtl fu kljlm mtrmfŦclc ŕc rlspc`jlrcc. Mflmstm lstl cìc `ctmtlm+ fmrl sl olsiĆŕemrĆ à` imŦm efbcukuc vestru spcrctumk à` temtĆ dĆrlŦcm lc ol$m



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

vcmŦĆ spcrctumkĆ+ à` mflst ilk+ tet fl m clŕct fèòvm oc` Dc`l+ trlfèò à` spmŦcuk fesdcf smu ltlrcf+ trlhucl sĆ sl à`temrfĆ à`temrfĆ km Dc`l+ km fĆdcùk sĆu spcrctumk+ pl`tru m$ŕc prcdc rĆspkmtm pl`tru tet fl m àòurmt. Icc`Ŧm+ trcdcsĆ à` spmŦcuk frlmŦclc oc` cuhcrl ŕc olvl`ctĆ mfud jèòctemrl ŕc spcrctumkĆ+ sl vm à`temrfl km Dc`l dè`mtĆ ol preprcm cuhcrl+ à`Ŧlkljèò à` sièrŕct ed`cpetl`Ŧm ŕc cuhcrlm Dlm+ c`fkuscv sl`suk frlmŦclc Dlkl. Xlolvl`ctĆ fepckuk _mtĆkuc cuhcter+ lm sl vm hufurm mfud ol hl mtctuoc`ckl fmrl àc mŕtlmptĆ pl teŦc flc fmrl mu trlfut fu frloc`ŦĆ prc` tlstuk à`flrfĆrcker+ iĆrĆ sĆ uctl ol uòl mu pklfmt ŕc fmrl lstl sfepuk ker suprld. Mŕm fud mtdesilrm vemstrĆ dmtlrcmk $spcrctumkĆ mrl rekuk ol m u`c à`trl lkl icc`Ŧlkl+ iĆfèòu $kl sĆ sl mtrmjĆ rlfcpref pl`tru m fuèmŕtl ilrcfcrlm+ km ilk+ dmrlm ierŦĆ ol mtrmfŦcl m cuhcrcc Dlkl mfŦce`lmzĆ msuprm tuturer icc`Ŧlker fmrl oerlsf sĆ sl mprepcl ol Dc`l. Mŕm trlhucl à`ŦlklmsĆ ‐cìc`ctmtlm—. Cìc`ctĆ lstl putlrlm fmrl sl `mŕtl oc` Dc`l ŕc sl rlvmrsĆ msuprm à`trljcc vclŦc. Cìc`ctĆ lstl cuhcrlm Dlm+ fmrl ù vm à`fltm `cfceomtĆ+ ŕc cìc`ct lstl prc`fcpcuk prefrlmŦclc+ fmrl prejrlslmzĆ ol km cìcd km fesdcf+ rlsplftèò mfllmŕc u`cfĆ kljl. À` mflst ilk trlhucl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc cìc`ctmtlm kudcker ŕc spmŦcukuc+ c`fkuscv dmrlkl ed fesdcf "à`trljuk scstld dmtlrcmk fesdcf#. Őc mflstm lstl à`fe`gurmt ol e mtdesilrĆ plrse`mkĆ+ fmrl sl à`vèrtlŕtl fm u` flrf fvmsc $cìc`ct à` guruk semrlkuc fl`trmk spcrctumk+ lkcdc`èò à` dmrlkl spmŦcu ltlrcf tet fl m iekesct ŕc mhserhcò oc` lk èc ŕc èc suhstm`Ŧl fmrl àc su`t `lflsmrl pl`tru m$ŕc fe`tcùm vcmŦm. Dltmiercf verhcò+ putlŦc rljĆsc mfllmŕc cìc`ctmtl+ mocfĆ cdpeschckctmtlm ol m m`cbckm fbcmr ŕc u` sc`jur mted+ à` preflsuk vclŦcc spcrctumkl. Iclfmrl jèò spcrctumk trlzlŕtl u` mktuk+ oèò `mŕtlrl u`lc colc+ fmrl vm feòufl mpec km frlmrlm u`lc kudc. À ` ic`mk+ fuvè`tuk frllmzĆ kufrmrlm+ còcfèò mstilk fĆtrl Frlmteruk spcrctumk ŕc mrĆtèò fl m oerct Mflstm sĆ lxprcdl à` pkmùk dmtlrcmk. _etuk lstl cìc`ct+ c`fkuscv vec- Yec ù mŦc à`flput sĆ lxcstmŦc mtu`fc fèò v$mŦc `Ćsfut à` mflmstĆ kudl dmtlrcmkĆ+ vmc+ ù- Y$mŦc `Ćsfut fu dukt tcdp à` urdĆ+ km ‐à`flputurckl— ltlr`ctĆŦcc+ fbcmr omfĆ pl vrldlm mfllm ù lrmŦc à`fĆ icc`Ŧl udm`l+ fc dmtlrcl. Vpcrctuk vestru s$m `Ćsfut fm e sfè`tlcl oc` Dc`l+ oc` Vc`lkl Dlu ocvc`. Lk ù m putut olvl`c fe`ŕtcl`t ol lxcstl`Ŧm sm olfèt oupĆ u`crlm sm $ à`tr$e trc`ctmtl plrilftĆ+ mŕm fud lxcstĆ ŕc à` Dc`l $ fu flklkmktl oeuĆ prc`fcpcc+ ferpuk ŕc suikltuk . À` deo scdckmr+ Lu à`sudc su`t mkfĆtuct oc` trlc prc`fcpcc7 dmc à`tèc+ tet fllm fl lstl frlmt ŕc lxcstĆ à` pkm` dmtlrcmk "dmtlrcm#+ à` mk oecklm rèò+ rljmtuk suikltlker+ fmrl scklŕtl dmtlrcm sĆ prejrlslzl fĆtrl u` mùdct Ŧ lk fesdcf+ cmr à` mk trlcklm rèò+ prc`fcpcuk ltlr` ocvc`+ fmrl trm`si lrĆ msuprm prcdlker oeuĆ u`cvlrsurc plrdm`l`Ŧm ltlr`Ć ŕc vmkemrlm ocvc`Ć. Vu`tld fu teŦcc trup+ suiklt ŕc spcrct1 Lu km `cvlk dmfrefesdcf+ cmr vec km `cvlk dcfrefesdcf+ omr rlsplftèò mflklmŕc prc`fcpcc. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ ol fl ercfl suhstm`ŦĆ iczcfĆ mspcrĆ sĆ lvekulzl à`tr $ u`m suikltlmsfĆ+ cmr mflmstm à`tr $u`m spcrctumkĆ. Mflstm lstl gefuk ltlr` mk cìc`ctĆŦcc. Fuvè`tuk ‐m`cbckmrl— ù lxcstĆ à` frlmŦcm Dlm. Vc`jurm fmrl lxcstĆ lstl trm`sierdmrlm+ fbcmr omfĆ u`lerc mpmrl oljbczmtĆ à` ocstrujlrl. ‐Cìc`cŦc— su`t jlrdl`cc ocvcùkuc1 ‐cìc`ct— lstl Frlmteruk à`suŕc. Ol fl ù mr purtm ŕc preouslkl Vmkl V mkl mfllmŕc mdprl`tĆ5 Feìerd fe`flptlker vemstrl udm`l ŕc kljcker rmŦcu`cc r mŦcu`cc purl+ mflst jèò pmrl ol `lfe`flput. Ol mfllm md oerct sĆ vĆ feòuf à` vmstlkl spmtcc ltlrcfl + olde`strèòu$vĆ fĆ ŕc km mflk `cvlk mfŦce`lmzĆ mflklmŕc prc`fcpcc ŕc kljc fm ŕc km `cvlkuk vestru+ kufru fmrl trlhucl à`Ŧlkls oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk ŕc prc` m`mkejcl. @udmc à` mflst ilk DĆ putlŦc à`Ŧlkljl pl Dc`l+ àdc putlŦc olvl`c mprepcmŦc+ mprepcmŦc+ àdc putlŦc rlmkczm cuhcrlm+ cuhcrlm+ smfrcicfcuk ŕc rĆhomrlm pl fmrl e md fu vecYmc+ vec ù putl Ŧc à`Ŧlkljl dmrckl jèòurc frlmtemrl+ ù rluŕcŦc sĆ vĆ rcocfmŦc olmsuprm `cvlkukuc vestru tlrlstru+ f Ćfc ù mvlŦc putlrl ŕc l`lrjcl sĆ vĆ à`ĆkŦmŦc mfeke uòl jrcgckl kudlŕ tc ocspmr à` dmrlkl vco. Fu temtl fedu`cfĆrckl pl fmrl vc kl$md iĆfut plrse`mk+ ù mŦc à`Ŧlkls à`fĆ fl à`slmd`Ć sĆ icc e ‐icc`ŦĆ udm`Ć—+ fm sĆ ù dmc verhcd ol fe`flptuk ol ‐fepck mk kuc Oud`lzlu—-



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Lu àdc oerlsf à` frlmŦcm Dlm emdl`c fmrl vĆo+ fmrl àdc modcrĆ kufrĆrckl+ rlfuèsfèòu $K pl Frlmteruk ker ŕc à`vĆŦèò sĆ$K cuhlmsfĆ. Oerlsf fm emdl`cc s Ć vmoĆ ŕc sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ fu fkmrctmtl fĆ ù mu iest frlmŦc oemr pl`tru mflst sfurt c`tlrvmk ol tcdp pl fmrl vec àk ùdcŦc vcmŦĆ "tlrlstrĆ#. Oerlsf sĆ rlmkczlzl fĆ prc` `ldurcrlm ker+ lc pemrtĆ à` sc`l jlrdlùk ocvc`ctĆŦcc. @udmc fuktcvèòu $k ŕc dm`cilstèòu$k ver putlm à`Ŧlkljl lc frlmŦcm Dlm ŕc pl Dc`l plrse`mk. Oerlsf sĆ àdc vĆo fepccc prcvcò+ olvl`cò fe`ŕtcl`Ŧc ol sld`cicfmŦcm uèr fe`flptl prlfud ‐cìc`ctmtl— smu ‐`ldurcrl—+ pl`tru m à`Ŧlkljl fĆ su`t fltĆŦl`cc à`trljcc kudc fesdcfl. MolvĆrmtuk ker fĆdc` lstl rljmtuk spcrctumk+ à` fmrl semrlkl ù mpu`l `cfceomtĆ+ à` fmrl à`trlmjm kudc`Ć `ĆsfutĆ oc` Dc`l ckudc`lmzĆ pè`Ć ŕc flk dmc dcf mted. ^rlkumtĆ ol spcrctuk udm`+ mflmstĆ kudc`Ć àk pemtl mgutm sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ fĆ lstl e icc`ŦĆ cìc`ctĆ+ frlmtĆ ol u` Oud`lzlu cìc`ct. Ol mfllm+ kĆsmŦc fuvc`tlkl Dlkl spcrctumkl sĆ pĆtruòĆ à` c`cdckl vemstr l mprempl moerdctl+ trlzcŦc$vĆ oc` vcsuk vestru kudlsf ŕc urdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fĆ mtu`fc fèò mflst vcs sl vm sièrŕc+ vlŦc pĆtruòl fm icc`Ŧl `ldurctemrl `ldurctemrl à` kudlm pl fmrl v$md olsfrcs$e. Y$md oĆruct mflstl rlvlkmŦcc pl`tru mkc`mrl ŕc e dmc hu`Ć à`Ŧlkljlrl. Vplr fm lkl sĆ ù icl à` zmomr+ fĆfc omfĆ vlŦc à`fĆkfm dmc olpmrtl kljckl ocvc`l+ vlŦc pkĆtc sfudp. @cdl`c ù pemtl trĆc à`tr $e dm`clrĆ ‐ic`ctĆ— mtu`fc fèò ‐cìc`ctmtlm— lstl Ŧlkuk sĆu suprld. Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk 6= YcmŦm fesdcfĆ "=? cukcl =2:9# Y$md verhct pl kmrj olsprl vcm ŦĆ+ olsprl ocilrctlkl lc ltmpl+ olsprl ilkuk à` fmrl sl dm`cilstĆ lm ŕc olsprl sld`cicfmŦcm lc preiuòĆ. M dmc rĆdms à`sĆ u` msplft olsprl fmrl ù v $md verhct7 iccò e ldm`mŦcl m putlrcc Dlkl spcrctumkl+ mflmstĆ vcmŦĆ ù lstl mktflvm olfèt putlrlm vec`Ŧlc Dlkl+ fmrl sl dm`cilstĆ à` dckcem`l ol deomkctĆŦc. ^l`tru m à`Ŧlkljl dmc hc`l mflmstĆ vcmŦĆ spcrctumkĆ ŕc ocilrl`Ŧm à`trl dmtlrcl ŕc spcrct+ Dc $md prepus sĆ c`scst dmc dukt msuprm mflster suhclftl à` mflmstĆ fedu`cfmrl+ c`tctukmtĆ ‐YcmŦm fesdcfĆ—. Dlsmguk pl fmrl oerlsf sĆ vc$k trm`sdct lstl fĆ ol km flk dmc dcf mted ŕc pè`Ć km flk dmc dmrl spcrct m`jlkcf+ prc`fcpcuk fmrl eplrlmzĆ lstl à`tetolmu`m mflkmŕc+ iccò u`m fu Icc`Ŧm Dlm ocvc`Ć. Dm`cilstmt ctl ierdl+ kuptèòu$sl pl`tru olzvektmrl ŕc plrilfŦcu`l+ lk jl`lrlmzĆ pl ocilrctl `cvlkl ŕc à` ocilr ctl prejrlsuk spcrctumk spcrctumk ŕc olvc`l prltutcòl`c prltutcòl`c vczchck suh ierdm ierdm vclŦcc. Mtu`fc fèò verhlsf olsprl ‐vcmŦm fesdcfĆ—+ DĆ rlilr km fe`flptuk fkmscf+ olzvektmt ol vlfbcc jrlfc+ fmrl sl rlilr Ć km ‐vcmŦm u`cvlrsmkĆ m à`trljukuc fesdes—. FĆfc tet fllm fl lxcstĆ trlhucl sĆ mchĆ km hmzĆ e coll+ u` detcv pl`tru pl`tru fmrl m iest frlmt+ omr ŕc e olstc`mŦcl olstc`mŦcl ic`mkĆ. Emdl`cc veŕtrc ol ŕtcc`ŦĆ à`flmrfĆ sĆ olsfeplrl ercjc`ckl u`cvlrsukuc+ dlrjèò pè`Ć km ierŦm pr cderocmkĆ cderocmkĆ fmrl m pus tetuk à` dcŕfmrl. YĆ vec rlvlkm Lu mflst deter suprld+ tldlkcm pl fmrl lstl fkĆoct à`trljuk u`cvlrs+ fmrl susŦc`l ŕc prljĆtlŕtl tetuk pl`tru olzvektmrlm sm uktlrcemrĆ. OmfĆ prcvcŦc fesdesuk fu efbc spcrctumkc+ trmvlrsèò spmŦcuk ltlrcf cìc`ct fu putlrlm jèòukuc+ ù vlŦc olsfeplrc mktflvm à` lk olfèt ‐mtedcc ltlrcfc— + flkl dmc suhtckl lkldl`tl fe`stctul`tl mkl u`cvlrsukuc dmtlrcmk.





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Mŕmomr+ à` iclfmrl mted lxcstĆ e pmrtcfukĆ spcrctumkĆ oc` Dc`l à`sudc. Mktilk spus+ à` erjm`csduk vestru lxcstĆ flvm fmrl mtc`jl pè`Ć ŕc uktcdlkl rmdcicfmŦcc mkl scstldukuc scstldukuc vestru `lrves+ suh ierdm uèr sl`zmŦcc km `cvlkuk pclkcc. Iccò verhm ol u` prc`fcpcu pscbcf+ mflstm ù mrl mkt sfep olfèt mflkm ol m fkĆoc+ m susŦc`l ŕc m spcrctumkczm ferpuk iczcf. Km ilk fud suikltuk vestru lstl ed`csfcl`t omterct Ć ikucoukuc suhtck fmrl pl`ltrlmzĆ trupuk vestru+ fmrl vĆ à`fe`gemrĆ fm e mtdesilrĆ vmperemsĆ+ à` c`tlrceruk iclfĆruc mted lxcstĆ e sfè`tlcl oc` Dc`l. Mŕm fud md dmc micrdmt à`tr $e mktĆ fedu`cfmrl+ ù lxcstĆ `cfc u` pu`ft à` cdl`sctmtlm spmŦcukuc vczchck ŕc c`vczchck "m kudcc dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl# à` fmrl Lu sĆ ù icu prlzl`t+ prcvcò ŕc scdŦcò tet fllm fl sl pltrlfl. Mflstm lstl prc`fcpcuk fmrl st Ć km hmzm ed`csfcl`Ŧlc ŕc ed`cprlzl`Ŧlc+ fmrl lxcstĆ c`fkuscv km `cvlkuk trupukuc vestru. Oc` mflmstĆ plrsplftcvĆ+ sc`jurm ocilrl`ŦĆ à`trl vec ŕc Dc`l fe`stĆ à` imptuk fĆ à` fmzuk vestru+ vcmŦm spcrctumkĆ+ mkfĆtuctĆ oc` suiklt ŕc spcrct+ fkĆolŕtl ferpuk iczcf ŕc pl flk pscbcf à` iu`fŦcl ol `lflsctĆŦckl lc+ à` tcdp fl à` fmzuk Dlu mflst kufru lstl cdpeschck+ fĆfc Lu ù vĆo `cfĆclrc vrlu` msplft dmtlrcmk+ fc ùdmc prc`fcpcc spcrctumkl+ fbcmr ŕc mfeke uòl veuĆ vc sl pmrl fĆ vlolŦc suhstm`Ŧl lkldl`tmkl. VĆ rlvl`cd à`sĆ km mtedcc ltlrcfc. Oerlsf sĆ vĆ lxpkcf `mturm mflster mtedc+ dl`crlm ŕc sfepuk lxcstl`Ŧlc ker. Feìerd fe`flpŦclc vemstrl+ u` mted ltlrcf lstl u` ehclft `lferpermk+ smu+ fm sĆ iekescd e lxprlscl smvm`tĆ+ cdpeòlrmhck. Lk lstl tetuŕc slpmrmt fm ehclft còcvcoumk+ fĆfc omfĆ s $mr mikm à`tr$e stmrl `lkcdctmtĆ+ mr ic `lvect sĆ sl oczekvl+ trm`sierdèòu$sl à` mktflvm. Fe`stmtĆd mŕmomr fĆ+ olŕc dcùsfuk+ mflst mted mrl ocdl`scu`c+ cfmrl mkt ferp+ iccò ocdl`scu`c+ km ilk fm er cfmrl à`zlstrmt fu fmrmftlrcstcfckl ku`jcdcc+ kĆŦcdcc ŕc à`ĆkŦcdcc. À` c`tlrceruk mtedukuc lstl à`fbcsĆ e sfè`tlcl `ĆsfutĆ oc` Dc`l. Ol vrldl fl Lu md iest Mflkm fmrl k$m frlmt+ lstl lvcol`t fĆ lk trlhucl sĆ fe`Ŧc`Ć flvm oc` Dc`l+ iccò mst ilk à`zlstrmt fu mtrchutlkl Dlkl. Cdpuksuk ol m$ŕc fe`tcùm lvekuŦcm àc lstl c`lrl`t+ à` pkus+ iclfmrl mted trlhucl sĆ icl ocilrct ol flckmkŦc mtedc+ mtèt oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl fm`tctmtcv fèt ŕc fmkctmtcv+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ fe`Ŧc`Ć temtl suhstm`Ŧlkl lkldl`tmkl lsl`Ŧcmkl pl`tru fkĆocrlm u`cvlrsukuc. Oc` mflst detcv+ à` iu`fŦcl ol fedpezcŦcm ker+ à`trl mtedc m mpĆrut mtrmfŦcm lkldl`tlker edejl`l ŕc rlspc`jlrlm flker ltlrejl`l prc` c`tlrdlocuk à`vlkcŕukuc ker vmperes+ omterctĆ kljcc mscdckĆrcc ŕc msefclrcc "fmd km ilk iu`f Ŧce`lmzĆ erjm`lkl sl`zercmkl mkl c`slftlker#. OmterctĆ mflster dcŕfĆrc+ oc` dmc dukŦc mtedc s $mu ierdmt deklfuklkl+ fmrl mu plrdcs mpec `mŕtlrlm flkuklker ŕc m frcstmklker. Dmc dukt+ mu mpĆrut preflsl `mturmkl prlfud fĆkourm+ kudc`m ŕc vcmŦm+ fmrl mu mfflklrmt ierdmrlm ferpurcker suplrcemrl. OupĆ strufturmrlm ferpurcker flrlŕtc m à`flput vcmŦm erjm`cfĆ+ oc` fmrl s $m ocstckmt dmc tèrzcu vcmŦm spcrctumkĆ+ fmrl m plrdcs mpec rlvlkmrlm ocvcùkuc. ^rc` mflst prefls+ ùdct lvekuŦcl+ sfè`tlcm



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

À` mflst ilk mu mpĆrut kudckl+ fkĆoctl oc` cdl`suk olpezct ol dmtlrcmkl ltlrcfl. Lkl mu iest pusl à` dcŕfmrl "à`tetolmu`m+ à`tr $e ierdĆ erhctmkĆ#+ fu sfepuk ol m frlm kudc`Ć ŕc fĆkourĆ. Mflstl ierŦl trlzlsf mtedcc oc` c `lrŦcm ker+ ierŦèòu $c sĆ sl mdlstlfl à`trl lc ŕc feòufèòu$c pl trmsllkl erhctlker ker+ ol$m ku`juk uèr plrcemol ol tcdp c`frlochck ol ku`jc. ^l mflstl trmsll+ suhstm`Ŧlkl uzmtl su`t à`kefuctl fu mktlkl+ èc+ ol rljukĆ fu u`lkl fmrl ù mu lxcstmt à` fe`stlkmŦcckl prlflol`tl. Dcŕfmrlm pl erhctĆ m kudcker+ u`m à` guruk mktlcm+ ŕc retmŦcm à` guruk preprclc mxl+ mu fm sfep trlzcrlm ŕc rĆspèòcrlm vclŦcc prc` c`tlrdlocuk mflster oeuĆ dcŕfĆrc . À` à`trljuk fesdes lxcstĆ mflst cdpuks u`cvlrsmk+ ol m ù kĆsm u` mkt ehclft flrlsf sc`jur. _et fllm fl fe`Ŧc`l e jrlutmtl "dmsĆ# àŕc fmutĆ à` deo c`stc`ftcv u` pu`ft ol eocb`Ć+ à` fmrl mr rĆdè`l ol $m pururc omfĆ ù mr ic mdl`c`Ŧmt icl ol cdpuksuk c`tlrcer fĆtrl olzc`tljrmrl+ icl ol cìkul`Ŧlkl vl`ctl oc` kudlm lxtlrcemrĆ . Dcŕfmrlm à`slmd`Ć vcmŦĆ. Còcilrl`t omfĆ lstl verhm ol dcŕfĆrckl erhctmkl mkl ferpurcker flrlŕtc smu ol vchrmŦcckl kudc`cc ŕc fĆkourcc+ sfepuk mflsterm lstl uùk sc`jur7 mflkm ol m trlzc oc` kltmrjcl ehclftuk smu icc`Ŧm à` fmuzĆ+ ierŦèòu $kl sĆ àŕc fe`tcùl olzvektmrlm+ sĆ sl trm`sierdl+ fĆfc `cdcf oc` fllm fl lstl frlmt ù lstl plrdm`l`t+ fc trlhucl sĆ prejrlslzl km cìc`ct+ prc` deocicfĆrc fe`tcùl. À` mflst ilk mu mpĆrut dckcmrolkl ol serc ŕc ol kudc à` cdl`sctmtlm spmŦcukuc ltlrcf. C`fkuscv km erm mftumkĆ+ fedltlkl+ prcdlkl lkldl`tl fmrl mu mpĆrut à` scstlduk fesdcf+ fe`tcùĆ sĆ sl ierdlzl ŕc sĆ erhctlzl pl trmsllkl ker lkcptcfl+ à` guruk dmrlkuc semrl fl`trmk oc` fmrl s $mu `Ćsfut. \`cvlrsuk mpmrl`t dmtlrcmk pemrtĆ à` lk cdpuksuk fĆtrl olzvektmrlm sm uktlrcemrĆ+ pè`Ć fèò kudckl àŕc ver à`fblcm fcfkuk+ rmic`èòu$ŕc ŕc spcrctumkczèòu $ŕc temtl lkldl`tlkl fedpe`l`tl+ ŕc ver putlm c`trm à` mktl fedhc`mŦcc+ suplrcemrl+ olvl`cò mstilk kefuc`Ŧl pl`tru mktl icc`Ŧl+ dmc spcrctumkl. Dmtlrcm olzvektĆ vcmŦm fmrl àc lstl c`lrl`tĆ+ ol pl u` `cvlk pl mktuk+ pè`Ć fèò olvc`l lm à`sĆŕc fmpmhckĆ sĆ imfĆ trm`zcŦcm ol pl `cvlkuk jresclr vczchck pl u` `cvlk suhtck ŕc ltlrcf. Icc`Ŧlkl ol temtl ilkurckl lvekulmzĆ km rèòuk ker+ mvm`sèò trlptmt fĆtrl plrilfŦcu`l+ fĆfc kudlm à` fmrl trĆclsf trlhucl sĆ ferlspuòĆ fu `cvlkuk ker ol olzvektmrl. Kl$md spus eomtĆ ocsfcpekcker Dlc fĆ7 ‐à` fmsm _mtĆkuc Dlu lxcstĆ duktl ocdl`scu`c—. YĆ rlplt mfud oc` èu7 om+ lxcstĆ `lùdĆrmtl kefuc`Ŧl smu fĆdc`l spcrctumkl+ à` fmrl icc`Ŧlkl fmrl ferlspuò mflkuc `cvlk sl hufurĆ ol ilrcfcrckl splfcicfl fe`stctuŦclc ker spcrctumkl. Mflstl ilrcfcrc su`t mstilk strufturmtl ŕc mrm`gmtl à`fèt icc`Ŧlkl fmrl sl hufurĆ ol lkl c`tuclsf fĆ lxcstĆ ŕc ilrcfcrc dmc à`mktl+ fu kudc spcrctumkl ferlspu`zĆtemrl. Oc` plrsplftcvm Dlm ù pemtl lxcstm eprcrl+ à`trufèt ercuòl tl$mc mikm à` clrmrbcm lvekuŦclc ver lxcstm à`tetolmu`m èc kudc suplrcemrl+ dmc mprempl ol Dc`l+ à`trufèt Lu su`t cìc`ct+ ŕc frlmŦcm Dlm ù pemtl ic mktilk. Mflmstm lstl vcmŦm fesdcfĆ. Lm à`flpl fu vcmŦm flkuc dmc dcf oc`trl mtedcc ltlrcfc+ fmrl sl kuptĆ sĆ cmsĆ oc` dmtlrcm c`sl`schckĆ+ ŕc fe`tcùĆ pè`Ć km flk dmc dmrl oc`trl à`jlrcc dlc+ fmrl ocspu`l ol fuèmŕtlrlm spcrctumkĆ ol sc`l ŕc lstl fmpmhck sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ+ oc`tr $e sc`jurĆ prcvcrl mru`fmtĆ k udcc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

M`cc vcl Ŧcc vemstrl+ rlvekuŦcm pĆdè`tukuc vestru à` guruk semrlkuc+ à`trlmjm dcŕfmrl ol retmŦcl m scstldukuc vestru sekmr à` guruk semrlkuc fl`trmk+ ù rlprlzc`tĆ dmc dukt ol e slfuòĆ pl fmormùk flmsukuc fesdcf fmrl à`rljcstrlmzĆ ourmtm lxcstl`Ŧlc frlmŦclc Dlkl fesdcfl. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ ucdcrlm ŕc modcrmŦcm vemstrĆ mtu`fc fèò àdc fe`tldpkmŦc frlmŦcm+ fĆf c vec dĆsurmŦc eplrm kuc Oud`lzlu+ mflmstĆ Icc`ŦĆ cìc`ctĆ+ km sfmrm vemstrĆ dcfĆ. LxcstĆ dcrcmol ol scstldl sekmrl ŕc ol ferpurc flrlŕtc+ m fĆrer kudc`Ć mrl `lvecl ol dckcem`l ol m`c pl`tru m mgu`jl km vec. Oc` dĆrlŦcm ker cìc`ctĆ+ km vec ù mgu`jl olfèt kudc`m pmkcoĆ m u`lc stlkl àòlpĆrtmtl. Fl fmkfukl mr putlm rlvlkm urcmŕlkl ocstm`Ŧl km fmrl su`t sctumtl lkl5 Fl im`tlzcl ŕc$mr putlm cdmjc`m dĆrlŦcm ker suhkcdĆ5 Őc tetuŕc+ fepccc Dlc+ mflstl kudc ù rlprlzc`tĆ ire`tclrm frlmŦclc Dlkl. Dukt oc`feke ol m flstl kudc àòlpĆrtmtl lxcstĆ mktl scstldl fesdcfl+ m fĆrer kudc`Ć ù mgu`jl pè`Ć km vec. Fèò prcdlkl rmzl oc` kudc`m ker ver mgu`jl à` spmŦcuk à` fmrl lxcstmŦc vec+ scstlduk vestru sekmr ù vm dmc lxcstm ol dukt. XcocfmŦc$vĆ ŕc fe`tldpkmŦc mflmstĆ dĆrlŦcl+ fbcmr omfĆ sl rlilrĆ ùdmc km u`cvlrsuk dmtlrcmk. DloctmŦc msuprm fe`flptukuc ol ed`cpetl`ŦĆ fmrl m frlmt mflstl dcù`c iekescòu $sl ol ùdmc fètlvm prc`fcpcc7 mtrmfŦcm ŕc rlspc`jlrlm+ kudc`m ŕc fĆkourm. Mvè`tmŦc $vĆ ŕc à`flrfmŦc sĆ $K à`ŦlkljlŦc pl Oedù k ŕc Frlmteruk vestru+ à` efbcc fĆrucm semrlkl ŕc pkm`ltlkl scstldukuc vestru sekmr ù pmr dmc dukt olfèt u` icr ol prmi. OmfĆ ù mr ic ^Ćrc`tlkl vestru pkc` ol cuhcrl+ Lk mr ic kĆsmt ol dukt jl`lrmŦcm vemstrĆ sĆ sl muteocstrujĆ+ fĆfc oupĆ temtl fètl kl $m iĆfut pl`tru vec+ vĆ fedpertmŦc à` fe`tcùmrl fm `cŕtl fepcc rlhlkc ŕc `lmsfuktĆterc. \rdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc cuhcrlm Kuc+ pl fmrl Lk m fedpmrmt $e fèòvm fu fĆkourm semrlkuc+ ‐fmrl àc à`fĆkzlŕtl à` iclfmrl zc pl flc hu`c ŕc pl flc rĆc+ olepetrcvĆ—+ ŕc fmrl+ à` peicom tuturer mhlrmŦccker fmrl sl spu` olsprl ocvc`+ fe`tcùĆ sĆ àŕc rlvlrsl fe`tcùu jrmŦcm sm msuprm udm`ctĆŦccÀ`flrfmŦc sĆ àk à`ŦlkljlŦc pl mflst Oud`lzlu+ fmrl ŕc $m msudmt fèòvm e ierdĆ udm`Ć ŕc m feherèt prc`trl vec+ icc`Ŧl skmhl+ à`vĆŦèòu $vĆ prlflptlkl cuhcrcc+ mkl teklrm`Ŧlc ŕc clrtĆrcc. DloctmŦc msuprm dĆrlŦclc ŕc putlrcc Kuc+ msuprm frlmŦclc Vmkl cìc`ctl. Vcduktm`+ urdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc oerc`Ŧm Kuc fm vec sĆ ù icŦc fepklŕcŦc ol mflstl mtrchutl mkl ed`cpetl`Ŧlc Vmkl+ fc ocdpetrcvĆ+ sĆ scdŦcŦc à` Lk ùdmc u` ^Ćrc`tl prlmpkc` ol cuhcrl+ u` jbco fmrl fe`tcùĆ ŕc mstĆzc sĆ icl mprempl ol vec+ à`flrfèò sĆ vĆ mprepcl ol Lk+ sĆ vĆ lxpkcfl ŕc sĆ vĆ rlvlklzl temtl slfrltlkl Vc`lkuc ŕc frlmŦclc Vmkl. \`cfm Kuc oerc`ŦĆ lstl fm vec sĆ $K cuhcŦc ŕc sĆ vĆ jĆscŦc fmklm spcrctumkĆ fu dmc duktĆ uŕurc`ŦĆ+ kufru fmrl ù olvc`l peschck olfèt prc` Lk. Lk. XliklftmŦc km temtl mflstl kufrurc+ cmr à` erlkl vemstrl ol c`tresplfŦcl+ fèò oercŦc sĆ vĆ à`ĆkŦmŦc c`cdckl pè`Ć km Lk+ à`flrfmŦc sĆ icŦc old`c ol Lk ŕc ol vec à`ŕcvĆ. @udmc à` mflst ilk vĆ putlŦc mŕtlptm fm Lk sĆ vĆ àdpkc`lmsfĆ oerc`Ŧlkl. @u uctmŦc fllm fl v $md spus fèòvm7 ‐Lk lstl Vpcrct+ cmr fc`l oerlŕtl sĆ$ K moerl+ trlhucl sĆ$K moerl à`tru spcrct ŕc molvĆr—. Md restct mflstl fuvc`tl mfud mprempl 8.>>> ol m`c+ cmr vec à`fĆ ù kl à`ŦlkljlŦc1 prc`ŕc à` drlmgm prlefupĆrcker vemstrl kudlŕtc+ fe`tcùmŦc sĆ àdc flrlŦc tet ilkuk ol kufrurc kcpsctl ol



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

sekuk mflstuc pĆdè`t dcfuŦ ŕc ol ercze`tuk sĆu kcdctmt+ c`fmpmhckc sĆ trm`sflòlŦc kcdctlkl silrlc tlrlstrl à` fmrl trĆcŦc. Mflstlm su`t fuvc`tlkl Dlkl pl`tru vec+ simturckl Dlkl+ lxpkcfm Ŧcckl pl fmrl vc kl eilr. Ol mfllm vĆ trm`sdct mtètlm rlvlkmŦcc+ pl duktcpkl pkmùrc+ pl`tru fm vec sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fĆ dmrckl rlmkczĆrc pet ic ehŦcùtl à`flpèò fu flkl dcfc. OmfĆ DĆ vlŦc urdm pl Dc`l+ vlŦc olvl`c dcfc pl pkmùk pĆdè`tlsf+ omr vlŦc frlŕtl oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk. @udmc @udmc à` mflst ilk vlŦc putlm mtc`jl molvĆrmtm à`ĆkŦcdl m fe`flptukuc ol ‐udm`—+ fmrl vĆ vm plrdctl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fu molvĆrmt kljckl fesdcfl ŕc preflsuk ol lvekuŦcl mk u`cvlrsukuc dmtlrcmk @udmc mstilk vĆ vlŦc putlm om slmdm fĆ mflstl kljc+ olŕc mpmr fm spcrctumkl ŕc cìc`ct l pl`tru pkmùk dmtlrcmk+ ù pet mtc`jl mpejluk olfèt à` plrilfŦcu`lm spcrctumkĆ. Lkl feòuf fĆtrl kudc oc` fl à` fl dmc à`mktl+ dlrlu dmc mprepcmtl ol Dc`l+ pè`Ć fèò icc`Ŧm mgu`jl sĆ rlfuèmsfĆ à` Dc`l pl Frlmteruk sĆuMoermŦcm ŕc rlsplftuk c`cŦcmk sl trm`sierdĆ mstilk jrmomt à` cuhcrl. @udmc flk fmrl ŕc $m rlfuèsfut Dmlstruk prc` kufrĆrckl Vmkl pemtl à`Ŧlkljl fu molvĆrmt mtrchutlkl Mflstucm+ rlmkczèò ol fl+ fu temtĆ mtetputlrlm Vm+ Lk prlilrĆ sĆ àŕc dm`cilstl dmc dmc oljrmhĆ cuhcrlm ŕc hkèòlŦlmhkèòlŦlmMfflptmŦc mflstl fuvc`tl ŕc prcdcŦc dè`m Dlm. Lstl dè`m _mtĆkuc+ fmrl oerlŕtl sĆ vĆ trmjĆ dmc mprempl ol LK @u e rlspc`jlŦc+ fĆfc sc`jurcc fmrl vlŦc rljrltm vlŦc ic tet vec- Mdc`.

Fmpctekuk 68 Kmturm à`tu`lfmt Ć m `mturcc "< ilhrumrcl =2::# Y$md verhct ol duktl erc olsprl `mturm Dlm à` msplftlkl lc suhkcdl+ olepetrcvĆ dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl. Y$md olde`strmt fĆ tetuk m iest frlmt lxfkuscv oc` cuhcrl+ pl`tru hufurcm icc`Ŧlker vcc. LxcstĆ tetuŕc à` `mturm vczchckĆ+ à` kudlm m`cdmklker ŕc fbcmr m emdl`cker+ ùdlremsl msplftl fmrl pmr sĆ fe`trmvc`Ć mflstlc micrdmŦcc. @u su`t puŦc`c mflcm fmrl àŕc spu`7 ‐OmfĆ stuocld kudlm ŕc vcmŦm ol pl mflst pĆdè`t+ fe`stmtĆd fu uŕurc`ŦĆ fĆ ù temtl kufrurckl su`t mtèt ol rezl prlfud mr rlzuktm oc` micrdmŦcm petrcvct fĆrlcm iuòmdl`tuk à`trljcc kudc lstl cuhcrlm. @mturm sl olzkĆ`Ŧucl olslerc fu vcekl`ŦĆ+ ocstrujèò vclŦckl emdl`cker ŕc preprcltĆŦckl ker oehèòctl fu dmrc lierturc+ à` kudlm m`cdmklker ù putld ehslrvm olfèt frcdl ŕc iurturc+ etrĆvurc ŕc tet ilkuk ol imptl mhedc`mhc kl+ fmrl àc milftlmzĆ olepetrcvĆ pl emdl`c ŕc pl m`cdmklkl à`slkl. Fbcmr ŕc emdl`cc olvc` ol duktl erc vcftcdl mkl dcfreerjm`csdlker+ "@. _r+ À` tlxtuk ercjc`mk lstl iekesct fuv è`tmc ‐vclrdc—+ omr lstl lvcol`t fĆ muteruk



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

^l`tru m lkcdc`m msldl`lm rlpreŕurc+ fmrl v$mu stèr`ct tuturer àòeclkc à` kljĆturĆ fu à`Ŧlklpfcu`lm mfŦcu`cker Dlkl+ oerlsf sĆ vĆ eilr plrse`mk lxpkcfmŦcckl kljmtl ol mflstl mpmrl`tl fe`trmocfŦcc. YlŦc fe`stmtm mstilk fĆ pè`Ć ŕc kmturm à`tu`lfmtĆ m `mturcc Dlkl lstl à` rlmkctmtl tet e kmturĆ kudcèmsĆ. À`mc`tl+ lstl `lflsmr à`sĆ sĆ vĆ eilr dmc duktl lxpkcfmŦcc kljmtl ol dmrlkl Dlu FĆdc` ŕc ol pu`ftuk Dlu ol vlolrl msuprm msuprm vclŦcc. Imf mflst kufru pl`tru m `l à`Ŧlkljl dmc hc`l rlfcpref+ fĆfc à` fmz fe`trmr+ mflstl fuvc`tl ver rĆdè`l e pclrolrl ol tcdp. OmfĆ ù vlŦc imfl liertuk ol m DĆ à`Ŧlkljl pl Dc`l+ vĆ vm ic cdpeschck sĆ rlmkczmŦc pu`ftuk Dlu ol vlolrl à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl frlmŦcm ŕc ilkuk à` fmrl md mrm`gmt kufrurckl. Dltmiercf verhcò+ mr ic fm ŕc fud oec emdl`c+ uùk sctumt à` vèriuk du`tlkuc+ cmr flkĆkmkt km fèdpcl+ mr à`flrfm sĆ pemrtl e fe`vlrsmŦcl à` kljĆturĆ fu u` ehclft sctumt km ocstm`tĆ. Lvcol`t+ mflst kufru ù pemtl olvl`c peschck olf èt omfĆ flc oec ver ic sctumŦc pl mflkmŕc `cvlk+ fĆfc eduk sctumt km ŕls ù pemtl vlolm fllm fl f l c sl eilrĆ fu fkmrctmtl vlolrcc flkuc sctumt à` vèriuk du`tlkuc. Ol mfllm+ fepccc Dlc+ omfĆ oercŦc sĆ DĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc+ trlhucl sĆ vĆ rcocfmŦc pè`Ć km `cvlkuk Dlu+ mfeke uòl lxcstĆ kudc`m ltlr`Ć+ fĆfc à` kudlm vemstrĆ ù lxcstĆ olfèt à`tu`lrcfuk ltlr`+ smu à` flk dmc hu` fmz e sldcehsfurctmtl feìuzĆ. ^l`tru m à`Ŧlkljl rekuk kmturcc à`tu`lfmtl m `mturcc Dlkl+ trlhucl dmc à`tèc sĆ rlmkczmŦc fĆ Lu+ Frlmteruk à`trljukuc u`cvlrs ŕc Oedùk ltlr` mk vclŦcc+ md e vczcu`l fu tetuk ocilrctĆ msuprm lc olfèt vec+ sĆrdm`c fepcc mc pĆdè`tukuc+ fmrl vĆ feìru`tmŦc fu demrtlm à` e dcl ol cpestmzl ocilrctl. Oc` plrsplft cvm à` fmrl DĆ sctulz Lu ù lxcstĆ demrtl+ fc oemr e trm`sierdmrl smu e sfbcdhmrl jrmoumkĆ. Ol mfllm+ temtl mflkl ererc pl fmrl vec kl col`tcicfm Ŧc fu demrtlm ù rlprlzc`tĆ olfèt epc`cm vemstrĆ+ ù ŕc m Dlm. À` pkus+ vm trlhuc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fĆ pĆdè`tuk vestru ù rlprlzc`tĆ prc`fcpmkuk ehclft mk frlmŦclc+ à` fmrl lxcstĆ dckcem`l ol pkm`ltl km ilk fm m vemstrĆ+ fm sĆ ù dmc verhcd ol temtl scstldlkl sekmrl fmrl mkfĆtuclsf fesdesuk Dlu dmtlrcmk. ^rlefupmrlm Dlm lstl dmc oljrmhĆ kljmtĆ ol prlzlrvmrlm mflstuc fesdes+ à` tcdp fl pl vec ù vĆ c`tlrlslmzĆ olfèt plrdm`l`Ŧm dcfukuc vestru $u` eflm`. pĆdè`t+ fmrl oc` plrsplftcvm plrsplftcvm Dlm mpmrl fm e pcfĆturĆ cìcdĆ cìcdĆ à`tr $u` _rlhucl sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc fĆ kudlm Dlm lstl mstilk strufturmtĆ à`fèt frlmŦcm Dlm pemtl lxcstm km ilk ol uŕer ŕc iĆrĆ pĆdè`tuk vestru+ fbcmr ŕc iĆrĆ scstlduk vestru sekmr+ à` sfbcdh+ pĆdè`tuk vestru ù mr putlm lxcstm iĆrĆ semrl+ iĆrĆ fe`lxcu`lm fu flklkmktl kudc+ fĆfc temtl mflstl vlrcjc su`t kljmtl à`trl lkl fm à`tr$u` km`Ŧ+ mfŦce`èò àdprlu`Ć fm e dmŕc`Ćrcl fedpkcfmtĆ. fedpkcfmtĆ. Yec DĆ frctcfmŦc pl Dc`l oc` fmuzm fmtmstreilker `mturmkl+ fmrl kl ocstruj emdl`cker preprcltĆŦckl ŕc kl r Ćplsf Ćplsf u`lerc ŕc vcmŦm+ omr Lu vĆ rĆspuò fĆ à` à`trljuk fesdes lxcstĆ e mftcvctmtl ltlr`Ć+ e trm`sierdmrl fe`tcùĆ+ e rlà`ècrl ŕc e lkcdc`mrl m olŕlurcker km sfmrĆ dmfrefesdcfĆ. Ltlruk+ mflst spm Ŧcu cìc`ct+ ù lstl `cfceomtĆ kc`cŕtct. Mtedcc sĆc dcùsfukc olsiĆŕemrĆ e mftcvctmtl plrdm`l`tĆ+ fmrl pu`l tetuk à` dcŕfmrl. Mlruk vestru+ mflst lkldl`t vekmtck+ oemr fu puŦc`





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Lu su`t `lvect s Ć DĆ efup ol pĆstrmrlm lfbckchrukuc km sfmrĆ dmfrefesdcfĆ. Kljckl Dlkl eplrlmzĆ à`sĆ à`tr $e msldl`lm dm`clrĆ à`fèt omfĆ su`t à`fĆkfmtl+ lkl rlpmrĆ sc`jurl strcfĆfcu`ckl+ còcilrl`t ol prlŦuk pl fmrl trlhucl sĆ$k pkĆtlmsfĆ còcvczcc còcvczcc pl`tru mflstl rlpmrmŦcc. Ol mktilk+ vec olfkm` ŕmŦc mtètlm rĆzhemcl+ à` fmrl ocstrujlŦc iĆrĆ dckĆ preprcltmtlm hclŦcker sĆtl`c+ kl olvmstmŦc fèdpurckl+ kl ocstrujlŦc rlfektlkl ŕc rĆspèòcŦc suilrc`Ŧm prltutcòl`c+ ŕc fmrl su`t sfuzlkl feòufĆtercker veŕtrc5 Lc spu`7 ‐Ehclftcvl à`mktl ŕc rmŦcu`c suplrcemrl ol stmt `l ehkcjĆ sĆ olfkm`ŕĆd mflst rĆzhec ol ormjuk pmtrclc. C`tlrlslkl còcvczcker ù pet ic kumtl à` fe`scolrmrl à` imŦm c`tlrlslker `mŦcu`cc-— Cmr vec mfflptmŦc mflstl lxpkcfmŦcc+ fe`scolrèòu $kl plrilft gustcicfmtl+ à` sfbcdh+ mtu`fc fèò+ à` dmrlkl Dlu FĆdc`+ Lu su`t `lvect sĆ omu oruduk lkldl`tlker+ ol ormjuk prlzlrvĆrcc m`smdhkukuc frlmŦclc+ vec vĆ jrĆhcŦc sĆ DĆ mfuzmŦc $ fu guolfmtm vemstrĆ kcdctmtĆ $ ol c`gustcŦcl ŕc ol à`fĆkfmrlm mtrchutlker Dlkl ol ^Ćrc`tl pkc` ol cuhcrlFèò lstl verhm ol mktfc`lvm+ omr dmc mkls ol Dc` l+ su`tlŦc prcdcc km guolfmtĆ1 à` sfbcdh+ fèò lstl verhm ol suilrc`Ŧlkl pl fmrl kl prevefmŦc vec à`ŕcvĆ+ su`tlŦc dukt dmc àdpĆfcucterc+ olŕc fe`slfc`Ŧlkl imptlker vemstrl su`t molslerc dukt dmc ormdmtcfl+ cmr vec `cfc dĆfmr ù kl fe`ŕtcl`tczmŦc+ fm sĆ ù dmc verhcd ol rlpmrmrlm kerFèt olsprl frcdlkl ŕc iurturckl oc` kudlm m`cdmkĆ+ ù frlo fĆ lstl fmzuk sĆ verhcd ol mflstlm+ fèò lstl hc`lfuèsfut imptuk fĆ flc dmc dmrc beŦc ŕc frcdc`mkc su`t fbcmr emdl`cc+ fmrl ù ufco ŕc ù iurĆ oc` `lflsctmtl+ fc oc` kĆfedcl+ smu fbcmr pl`tru pltrlflrlm tcdpukuc kchlr "fud lstl fmzuk vè`Ćtercc#. Ol mktilk+ v $md dmc spus fĆ à` vczcu`lm Dlm ù lxcstĆ demrtl+ fc ùdmc u` prejrls jrmoumk. Fud s$mr putlm preoufl mflst prejrls omfĆ e pmrtl oc` lkldl`tlkl dmtlrcmkl mkl m`cdmklker ŕc e pmrtl oc` flkl spcrctumkl ù mr ic à`ferpermtl à` silrm ol cìkul`ŦĆ m m`cdmklker suplrcemrl+ fmrl mu `lvecl ol mflstl lkldl`tl ŕc suhstm`Ŧl pl`tru m $ŕc prlzlrvm ŕc prlzlrvm lxcstl`Ŧm5 Km urdm urdlc+ vec fl imflŦc5 @u fe`sudmŦc mkcdl`tl oc` rljmtuk `mturcc+ fmrl fe`Ŧc` olepetrcvĆ lkldl`tl dmtlrcmkl ŕc spcrctumkl pl fmrl kl fe`scolrmŦc `lflsmrl pl`tru susŦc`lrlm trupukuc vestru5



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

À` mflkl vrldurc+ fèò pĆdè`tuk vestru s $m trm`sierdmt oc`tr$e dmsĆ ol vmperc à`tr $u`m sekcoĆ+ fe`tcùèòu$ŕc preflsuk ol olzvektmrl ol$m ku`juk dckcem`lker ol m`c+ lk ù lrm `cfc pl olpmrtl sc`juruk ferp flrlsf supus uèr msldl`lm preflsl frlmtemrl. _emtl pkm`ltlkl oc` scstlduk vestru sekmr mu trlfut prc` trm`sierdĆrc scdckmrl. Mftcvctmtlm lrm lxtrld ol c`tl`sĆ km mflm vrldl. Ltlruk iur`czm lkldl`tlkl `lflsmrl pl`tru frlmrlm mtdesilrlc mtdesilrlc tlrlstrl+ cmr prlfcpctmrlm prlfcpctmrlm mflsterm mflsterm m feòus km mpmrcŦcm prcdlc pegjbcŦl m frustlc pĆdè`tukuc. Mu urdmt mpec m`cc ol moeklsfl`ŦĆ+ à` fmrl tetuk m c`trmt à` ilrdl`tmŦcl+ à` fmrl sè`jlkl m à`flput sĆ pukslzl dmc rmpco prc` ferpuk tlrlstru+ preflsuk ol olzvektmrl mvm`sèò mstilk fĆtrl lpefm tc`lrlŦcc+ cmr mpec fĆtrl flm fmrl m plrdcs mpmrcŦcm edukuc. ^Ćdè`tuk vestru sl mikĆ mstĆzc à`tr $e msldl`lm ltmpĆ m olzvektĆrcc. @u à`tèdpkĆter+ Decsl v $m verhct à` Jl`lzm sm olsprl feherèrlm kudc`cc pl pĆdè`t ŕc olsprl slpmrmrlm pĆdè`tukuc usfmt ol mpl. Fèò mpmrl kudc`m à` vcmŦĆ5 Fèò fmpĆtĆ spcrctumkctmtlm dmc duktĆ sekcoctmtl5 Em rl ù km vèrstm sl`lftuŦcc5 Km ilk s $mu pltrlfut kufrurckl fu pkm`tlkl ŕc fu m`cdmklkl urcmŕl. FĆkourm ocstrchuctĆ u`cierd ol frustm tlrlstrĆ+ lèrdm fmpmfctmtl rlpreouftcvĆ m m`cdmklker ol temtl ilkurckl+ fu sfepuk ol m mscjurm dmtlrcm prcdĆ pl`tru m plrdctl frlmrlm uèr kudc èc oupĆ iclfmrl fmtmfkcsd $ temtl mflstlm mu i Ćfut Ćfut pmrtl oc` m`cc ol moeklsfl`ŦĆ mc pĆdè`tukuc+ oc` plrcemom sm ol àìkercrl. Mflŕtc m`c ù mu mvut cdpertm`ŦĆ olfèt pl`tru Dc`l ŕc pl`tru jèòurckl Dlkl frlmtemrl. MstĆzc+ smvm`Ŧcc ŕc emdl`cc ol ŕtcc`ŦĆ pet fctc à` strmturckl pĆdè`tukuc fl md frlmt Lu fèòvm fu e dè`Ć à`ŦlklmptĆ. Vc`jurm icc`ŦĆ fĆrlcm c $md plrdcs sĆ icl dmrterm frlmŦclc Dlkl oupĆ à`fltmrlm preflsukuc jkehmk ol ilrdl`tmŦcl ŕc c`trmrlm pĆdè`tukuc à`tr $e ltmpĆ èuĆ+ dmc kc`cŕtctĆ+ m iest eduk. Vfepuk mflster preflsl lstl lvcol`t7 mflkm ol m plrdctl frlmrlm u`lc kudc petrcvctl pl`tru mpmrcŦcm edukuc pl pĆdè`t. Fèt olsprl etrĆvurckl ŕc dcresurckl plstckl`Ŧcmkl fmrl pet ic jĆsctl pl pĆdè`tuk vestru mkĆturc ol pmriudurckl ic`l+ mflmstm lstl e fblstcu`l rlkmtcvĆ. E etrmvĆ ù lstl etrĆvctemrl pl`tru temtl icc`Ŧlkl+ cmr u` dcres urèt ù pmrl mstilk pl`tru temtĆ kudlm.



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

fuktcvmtĆ èhklŦlm spcrctumkĆ+ sfepuk sĆu suprld pl pĆdè`t. Km urdm urdlc+ mflmstm lstl u`cfm ocdl`scu`l fmrl àk oleslhlŕtl ol kudlm m`cdmklker. À` mflmstĆ prcvc`ŦĆ+ oerlsf sĆ dl`Ŧce`lz fĆ `mŦcu`ckl fmrl `ljkcglmzĆ mflst prc`fcpcu su`t fu molvĆrmt dukt suh `cvlkuk m`cdmklker+ fmrl àŕc pĆstrlmzĆ ferpuk furmt dè`mtl ol c`stc`ft LxcstĆ à`sĆ ŕc lxflpŦcc ol km mflmstĆ rljukĆ. À` fllm fl prcvlŕtl putrlimfŦcm ŕc dcresuk fmrl àc lstl msefcmt+ à` à`trlmjm frlmŦcl s $m urdĆrct prlvl`crlm fe`slfc`Ŧlker `lpkĆfutl mkl mflster ilèdl`l+ ol fmrl mu jrcgĆ m`cdmkl prlfud duŕtlkl+ vclrdcc+ ltf. Mflstlm sl brĆ`lsf fu suhstm`Ŧlkl fmrl veuĆ vc sl pmr lxtrld ol `lpkĆfutl+ trm`sierdèòu$kl à` preprcuk ker Vc`l ŕc prljĆtcòu $ŕc trupurckl pl`tru m olvl`c brm`Ć pl`tru mktl m`cdmkl+ suplrcemrl. Dcresuk rlprlzc`t Ć u` mkt còcfcu fĆ prc`fcpcuk furĆŦl`clc lstl mhsekut `lflsmr+ cmr vec+ à` fmkctmtl ol icc`Ŧl spcrctumkl+ ù mr trlhuc sĆ teklrmŦc à` guruk vestru olfèt u` dlocu olfl`t+ Ŧc`èòu $vĆ fèt dmc olpmrtl ol dlocuk dmtlrcmk jresclr. @u à`tèdpkĆter md à`zlstrmt ferpuk vestru fu scdŦurc fmrl sĆ vĆ mgutl sĆ rĆdè`lŦc icc`Ŧl udm`l+ fepcc mc Dlc+ iĆrĆ m feherà vrleomtĆ suh `cvlkuk m`cdmk. Ercfl dcres ur èt+ èt+ ercfl ierdĆ rlspc`jĆtemrl+ ercfl fuvè`t trcvcmk $ mu sfepuk ol m vĆ rlmdc`tc fĆ trlhucl sĆ olvl`cŦc fltĆŦl`c mc kudcc spcrctumkl+ ŕc ù sĆ vĆ sfuiuòmŦc à` kudlm dmtlrcmkĆ+ à` fmrl ùdmc emdl`cc mhrutczmŦc àŕc pet smtcsimfl `lveckl prcdmrl+ jĆscòu $ŕc hufurcm à` defcrkĆ+ km ilk fm perfcc. DĆ mfuzmŦc+ prc`trl mktlkl+ fĆ trupuk vestru olvc`l à`fĆ à` tcdpuk vclŦcc sĆkmŕuk m tet ilkuk ol cìuzemrl. Mflmstm ù lstl jrlŕlmkm Dlm+ fc m vemstrĆ+ iccò omtermtĆ ilkukuc à` fmrl vĆ mkcdl`tmŦc+ fu suhstm`Ŧl fmrl kl plrdct mflster m`cdmkl dcùsfukl sĆ àŕc olpu`Ć euĆkl. Ol mktilk+ lkl ù sl s cdt hc`l olfèt à` mflkl ferpurc supusl olsfedpu `lrcc+ fmrl kl mscjurĆ suhstm`Ŧlkl ùtrctcvl ol fmrl mu `lvecl. Mtètm vrldl fèt vlŦc c`treoufl à` stedmfurckl vemstrl mkcdl`tl plrcsmhckl "ŕc pl gudĆtmtl olsfedpusl#+ ù trlhucl sĆ vĆ dcrmŦc fĆ sè`jlkl vestr u sl udpkl ol lkldl`tl scdckmrl+ imverczèò mstilk mfedeomrlm ŕc prefrlmrlm mflster dcfreerjm`csdl+ fmrl c`vmolmzĆ trlptmt pè`Ć ŕc flkl dmc ic`l



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

À`slŕc fe`fkuzcckl ŕtcc`Ŧlc vemstrl DĆ imverczlmzĆ oc` mflst pu`ft ol vlolrl+ f Ćfc smvm`Ŧcc veŕtrc ù mu putut olsfeplrc `cfĆclrc vrle jrlŕlmkĆ à` à`trlmjm `mturĆ+ `cfc vrle oevmoĆ fĆ md imverczmt pl fc`lvm à` oltrcdl`tuk mktfucvm. _et fl mu olsfeplrct lc m iest e eroc`l plrilftĆ+ fmrl pemtl ourm e ltlr`ctmtl. Ol vrldl fl olsfeplrcrckl ker ol pè`Ć mfud mu feòus km e msldl`lm fe`fkuzcl+ lc mr putlm$e lxtrmpekm fu uŕurc`ŦĆ msuprm kufrurcker pl fmrl ù kl à`Ŧlklj à`fĆ. Ol mktilk+ vĆ mscjur fĆ lxcstĆ e rmŦcu`l ocvc`Ć+ suplrcemrĆ+ pl`tru fmrl ù kl $md plrdcs mflster emdl`c sĆ lkufcolzl à`fĆ mflstl msplftl kljmtl ol kmturm à`tu`lfmtĆ m `mturcc. Dmc prlsus ol ercfl+ Lu oerlsf sĆ fuktcv teklrm`Ŧm à` ed. Oc` pĆfmtl+ erjekcuk pl fmrl c $k trlzlŕtl dcfuŦuk sĆu c`tlklft ù àc plrdctl sĆ $ŕc fuktcvl mflmstĆ fmkctmtl fu molvĆrmt ocvc`Ć. Fe`scolrèòu$sl e icc`ŦĆ prc` lxflkl`ŦĆ rmŦce`mkĆ+ lk lstl jmtm sĆ mfuzl pl kef omfĆ lxcstĆ flvm fĆrucm ù$c pemtl jĆsc pl kef lxpkcfmŦcm. YĆ mscjur fĆ oc` plrsplftcvm kudc`cc spcrctumkl+ fllm fl fuèmŕtlŦc vec lstl mtèt ol c`scj`ci cm`t+ cm`t+ à`fèt `cfc ù dlrctĆ mdc`tct. ^l sfurt+ ù prlm mvlŦc fu fl sĆ vĆ kĆuomŦcLxcstĆ à`fĆ dcc ol dcrmfekl msfu`sl ol efbcc edukuc. Flkl dmc duktl oc`trl lkl ù àc ver putlm ic `cfceomtĆ rlvlkmtl mtètm vrldl fèt sl vm mikm à` mflst ferp iczcf. Ol mfllm+ ercfèt ol duktl kufrurc mr olsfeplrc+ lk vm trlhuc à`tetolmu`m sĆ sl rmpertlzl km Mkim. Mflmstm lstl flm dmc hu`Ć oevmoĆ fĆ Lu ù su`t u` Oud`lzlu erjekces. OmfĆ mŕ ic+ D $mŕ jrĆhc sĆ vĆ rlvlklz temtl mflstl dcrmfekl+ olzvĆkucòu $vĆ à`trljuk dcfrefesdes ŕc dmfrefesdes+ mŕtlptèò mpec sĆ icu vl`lrmt à` vcrtutlm ed`cpetl`Ŧlc ed`cpetl`Ŧlc Dlkl. Mŕ putlm sĆ imf fu uŕurc`ŦĆ mflst kufru+ omr ù e imf. Ol fl5 Dmc à`tèc+ pl`tru fĆ vec ù putlŦc à`Ŧlkljl tetuk+ à` mk oecklm rèò+ pl`tru fĆ ù temtl mflstl dcrmfekl vĆ ver fe`vc`jl fu molvĆrmt ol lxcstl`Ŧm Dlm. Iccò spcrctl+ vec trlhucl sĆ DĆ rlfuèmŕtlŦc dmc à`tèc ol temtl à` mflmstĆ ierdĆ spcrctumkĆ+ moerèòu $DĆ "mocfĆ cuhcòu$DĆ# mpec à`tru spcrct ŕc molvĆrMflmstm lstl sc`jurm rlkm Ŧcl petrcvctĆ fmrl pemtl lxcstm à`trl Dc`l ŕc e frlmturĆ m Dlm. Dmc à`tèc ol temtl+ eduk trlhucl sĆ àdc rlfuèmsfĆ ed`cpetl`tm ŕc ed`csfcl`Ŧm. @udmc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

imfl vcmŦm dmtlrcmkĆ oc` fl à` fl dmc uŕemrĆ ŕc dmc pkĆfutĆ+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ mvlŦc dmc duktĆ kchlrtmtl o l m c`vlstcjm vcmŦm spcrctumkĆ+ dukt dmc preiuòĆ. @u dmc f ĆutmŦc sĆ mikmŦc mflkl slfrltl fmrl ù vĆ pet mgutm sĆ mvm`smŦc spcrctumk. Mdc`tcŦc $vĆ ol mstreèdcc veŕtrc+ fmrl fmkfuklmzĆ lfkcpslkl ol semrl ŕc ol ku`Ć fu sutl ol m`c à`mc`tl+ fmkfuklkl ker iccò lxmftl pè`Ć km slfuòĆ. Ol lc ù vĆ àòecŦc mtu`fc fèò vĆ olsfrcu ocstm`Ŧlkl imhukemsl fmrl lxcstĆ à`trl ocilrctlkl stlkl smu mktl cìer dmŦcc dmŦcc kljmtl ol ierdmrlm mflsterm+ fbcmr omfĆ+ `liccò ol splfcmkctmtl+ mflstl fcirl urcmŕl ù vĆ spu` `cdcf. Yec àc frlolŦc pl mstreèdc pl`tru fĆ lc sl morlslmzĆ c`tlklftukuc vestru. Mflkmŕc kufru àk imf ŕc Lu prc` mflstl fedu`cfĆrc mkl Dlkl. YĆ eilr cìerdmŦcc fmrl vĆ su`t hl`licfl+ omr ù vĆ rlvlklz mflkl bclrejkcil "l`cjdl# fmrl ù vĆ pet mgutm fu `cdcf à` lvekuŦcm vemstrĆ spcrctumkĆ. YĆ mscjur à`sĆ fĆ kudlm m iest frlmtĆ à`tr $e stmrl ol plrilfŦcu`l mhsekutĆ+ iĆrĆ `cfc e lremrl. _emtl kufrurckl sl mikĆ km kefuk fmrl kl lstl p reprcu1 à` pkus+ lkl su`t c`tlrfe`lftmtl+ mstilk à`fèt `cdcf sĆ ù pemtĆ lxcstm ol sc`l stĆtĆter+ iĆrĆ sĆ c`tlrilrlzl fu rlstuk frlmŦclc. Xlserturckl c`tcdl mkl frlm Ŧclc olpĆŕlsf putlrlm c`tlklftukuc udm`+ fmrl rĆdè`l plrpklx fbcmr ŕc à` imŦm uùc cìuzer. Ercfèt ol dukt mr fĆutm+ lk ù pemtl jĆsc u` sièrŕct+ ŕc ù vm putlm `cfceomtĆMŕm fud md micrdmt olgm ol iemrtl duktl erc+ mtèt kudlm fèt ŕc Lu+ Frlmteruk lc+ su`tld cìc`cŦc+ mocfĆ ù mvld kcdctl à` tcdp smu à` spmŦcu. @cdl`c ŕc `cdcf ù pemtl sfbcdhm mflmstĆ stmrl ol kufrurc\rdĆrcŦc sĆ à`ŦlkljlŦc mflstl kufrurc ŕc pl dĆsurĆ fl à`frlolrlm vemstrĆ à` Dc`l sl vm mdpkcicfm+ kmturm à`tu`lfmtĆ m `mturcc vm olvl`c oc` fl à` fl dmc kudcèmsĆ pl`tru vec. YlŦc à`Ŧlkljl mtu`fc fĆ à`Ŧlklptuk Frlmter mk mflstlc kudc mrl slfrltlkl Kuc+ pl fmrl ù kl pemtl rlvlkm+ mŕm fud u` pĆrc`tl ù kl pemtl spu`l tetuk fepccker kuc à`fĆ `lfepŦc+ ù pl`tru fĆ ù mr oerc sĆ e imfĆ+ fc pl`tru fĆ mflŕtcm ù mu fud sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ. MvlŦc à`frlolrl à` Dc`l- OmfĆ md frlmt dckcem`l ol kudc dmfrefesdcfl+ icŦc fe`vc`ŕc fĆ ŕtcu





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Mtèt fèt m iest fu putc`ŦĆ+ v $md lxpkcfmt fl lstl fu mflmstĆ kmturĆ à`tu`lfmtĆ+ c`scstèò msuprm imptukuc fĆ ‐kufrurckl mr putlm ic mktilk+ omr trlhucl sĆ rlsplftl mùdctl rljukc—. Dmc trlhucl sĆ imfld à`fĆ e slrcl ol ferlkmŦcc fu vcmŦm udm`Ć+ fĆfc su`t olstuc mflcm fmrl micrdĆ7 ‐^rcvcŦc vcmŦm udm`Ć $ ol km `mŕtlrl ŕc pè`Ć km demrtl lm ù lstl mktflvm olfèt feìkcft+ suilrc`ŦĆ+ olzmdĆjcrl+ iccò mprempl kcpsctĆ ol hufurcl ŕc ol mktl kufrurc predcsl+ omfĆ eduk ù ŕtcl fud sĆ ŕc kl prefurl sc`jur. Fl mktflvm lstl vcm Ŧm pl mflst pĆdè`t omfĆ ù e vmkl m pkè`jlrcc+ à` fmrl emdl`cc su`t mdĆjcŦc fu oejdl rlkcjcemsl ŕc fu predcscu`c olsprl e vcmŦĆ f mrl mr urdm derŦcc iczcfl+ à` fmrl ver prcdc à` sièrŕct rĆspkmtm pl`tru temtl suilrc`Ŧlkl pl fmrl kl $mu àòurmt pl pĆdè`t. Ol fl d$mr prlefupm à`sĆ e cpetltcfĆ vcmŦĆ ol oupĆ demrtl+ olsprl fmrl ù fuèsf `cdcf scjur ŕc à` fmrl trlhucl sĆ frlo erhlŕtl5 Ol vrldl fl kudlm oc` guruk dlu lstl mtèt ol feìkcftumkĆ+ fl àdc jmrm`tlmzĆ dcl fĆ kudlm c`vczchckĆ ù vm ic km ilk ol fe`trmocftercl fm ŕc mflmstm+ mŕtlptèòu$dĆ fu èc suilrc`Ŧl spcrctumkl+ à` kefuk hufurccker predcsl5 Fbcmr omfĆ lierturckl dlkl mftumkl ver mtrmjl ver mtrmjl oupĆ sc`l e mùdctĆ rĆspkmtĆ+ ol uòl sĆ ŕtcu lu omfĆ mflmstm àdc vm moufl olsiĆtmrlm dukt mŕtlptmtĆ5—



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Vc`lkl vestru dmtlrcmk+ uctèò ol flk c`tlklftumk ŕc spcrctumk+ fmrl mr trlhuc sĆ sl à`mkŦl dmc prlsus ol dmtlrcl. À`tr$molvĆr+ eduk mrl e slrcl ol `lflsctĆŦc iczcfl. Lk mrl à`sĆ ŕc `lvec spcrctumkl+ fmrl sl dm`cilstĆ prc` jèòurckl smkl ŕc àk àdpc`j sĆ mfŦce`lzl à`tr $u` mùdct ilk+ mstilk à`fèt sĆ lxprcdl prc` c`tlrdlocuk dmtlrclc fllm fl àk m`cdĆ oc` pu`ft ol vlolrl spcrctumk. Lstl èrdmk fm mflst deo ol jèòcrl sĆ mtrmjĆ oupĆ sc`l à`trlhĆrc ol jlùk7 ‐YĆo temtl kufrurckl oc` guruk dlu+ ocvlrsctmtlm ker+ modcr ol duktl erc $ fu mguteruk ŕtcc`Ŧlc $ eroc`lm ker plrilftĆ+ ferlspu`zĆtemrl kljcc+ irudemslkl ker ierdl spcrctumkl+ omr ù à`Ŧlklj7 +Fc`l lstl mflkm fmrl kl $m mrm`gmt mstilk5*‛ Flc fmrl àŕc pu` msldl`lm à`trlhĆrc ù pet ic smtcsiĆfuŦc ol rĆspu`suk dmtlrcmkcŕtcker oèòu $ŕc fu uŕurc`ŦĆ slmdm fĆ mflstm ù lstl vmkmhck à` fllm fl prcvlŕtl icc`Ŧlkl frlmtl. Ol mfllm+ lc imf u` pms à`mc`tl ŕc à`flp sĆ fmutl à` c`cdm ker+ uòl olsfeplrĆ mùdctl c`tucŦcc+ fmrl àc mgutĆ sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ fĆ sl mikĆ pl fmklm flm orlmptĆ. DukŦc emdl`c scdt msldl`lm cdpuksurc c`tlrcemrl+ fmrl à`flmrfĆ sĆ àc rcocfl olmsuprm vclŦcc dmtlrcmkl . À` mflst ilk+ à`flpèò fu sc`l+ eduk à`flpl sĆ à`ŦlklmjĆ dmc hc`l kudlm à` fmrl trĆclŕtl. Km à`flput+ lk ehslrvĆ vcmŦm iczcfĆ m preprccker smkl erjm`l. Olvc`l fe`ŕtcl`t ol ilkuk à`



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Ercuòl àŕc àòrlmptĆ prcvcrlm à` `mturĆ+ eduk vlol prltutcòl`c ùdmc kljc strcftl. Mŕm fud lstl èrdmk+ mflstlm lxcstĆ ŕc km `cvlkuk c`tlklftukuc+ hm fbcmr ŕc km `cvlkuk vclŦcc spcrctumkl+ uòl kljc cdumhckl plolpslsf pl teŦc flc fmrl à`flmrfĆ sĆ kl à`fmkfl. ^l sfurt+ detcvuk lsl` Ŧcmk mk ercfĆrlc suilrc`Ŧl ŕc mk tuturer olflpŦccker oc` vcmŦm udm`Ć lstl vec`Ŧm ol m mfŦce`m àdpetrcvm kljcker spcrctumkl. C`vlrs+ jèòcrlm+ scdŦcrlm ŕc mfŦcu`lm km u`cse` fu mflstl kljc mtrmjl mutedmt oupĆ sc`l hufurcl+ mkc`mrl ŕc dè`jèclrl+ rlzuktmtlkl spcrctumkl icrlŕtc mkl omter clc clc àdpkc`ctl ol fĆtrl e icc`ŦĆ spcrctumkĆ. Emdl`cc fmrl ù frlo à` vcmŦm spcrctumkĆ+ à` Oud`lzlu+ su`t `lilrcfcŦc. @cdcf ù pemtl à`kefuc e pclrolrl omfĆ ù czverĆŕtl oc`tr $e sursĆ spcrctumkĆ. Mŕm sl lxpkcfĆ guolfmrlm jrlŕctĆ m sldl`cker veŕtrc ŕc m kudcc à` fmrl trĆcŦc. À` strufturm lc+ kudlm lstl lxtrld ol scdpkĆ. Dmtlrcm mpmrl`tĆ msfuòl prc`fcpcuk spcrctumk. Ercfc`l fe`tlstĆ mflmstĆ rlmkctmtl jrlŕlŕtl+ iccò `lvect sĆ supertl fe`slfc`Ŧlkl mdĆjcrcc smkl. \rdèò lxfkuscv oerc`Ŧlkl vemstrl dmtlrcmkl+ vec vĆ imflŦc u` ouŕdm` oc` preprcm vemstrĆ vcmŦĆ+ mŕm fud v $mŦc mrm`gmt$e sc`jurc+ à`fbczèò jurm rmŦcu`cc ŕc m ldeŦccker c`cdcc. ^l sfurt+ fc`l ù cuhlŕtl eroc`lm ocvc`Ć ltlr`Ć lstl prlocspus fĆtrl mtrmjlrlm plolpslc icrlŕtc. Mflmstm lstl u`cfm lxpkcfmŦcl m tuturer



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Oljlmhm md prlocfmt à` tcdpuk vclŦcc Dlkl olsprl cuhcrl+ teklrm`ŦĆ+ clrtmrl+ oljlmhm v $md rlfedmòmt sĆ vĆ cuhcŦc fbcm r ŕc ouŕdm`cc+ à`fĆ ol pl mtu`fc+ emdl`cc Dc $mu à`ters spmtlkl+ rliuzèò sĆ mfflptl mflmstĆ oerc`ŦĆ m Dlm. Őc mstĆzc+ fud preflomŦc5 VusŦc`lŦc fu teŦcc+ km u`cse`+ fĆ trĆcŦc à`tr $e lpefĆ kudc`mtĆ+ omr mfŦce`lmzĆ fc`lvm mktilk olfèt flc fmrl trĆcmu pl vrldlm à`trupĆrcc Dlkl5 OmfĆ mŦc ic dm`cilstmt fmkctĆŦckl rlfedmòmtl ol Dc`l+ pepemrlkl mr ic trĆct mstĆzc à` pmfl. Oc` pĆfmtl+ emdl`cc mu prlilrmt sĆ dm`cilstl dmc oljrmhĆ pmscu`ckl ker m`cdmkcfl+ trm`sierdèò mstilk pĆdè`tuk $ mflmstĆ sursĆ oc` fmrl mr trlhuc sĆ vĆ brĆ`cŦc fu teŦcc à` ljmkĆ dĆsurĆ $ à`tr$u` cmo oc` fmrl ù dmc ŕtcu fud sĆ sfmpl. Lu à`sudc su`t pus à` à`furfĆturĆ+ iccò `lvect sĆ c`tlrvc` à` deo rlpltmt+ pl`tru m ù kĆsm udm`ctmtlm prmoĆ olfkcùkuc tetmk "à`mpec à` dmtlrcl#. Oc` mflmstĆ vcmŦĆ m lxflslker ŕc pmscu`cker m`cdmkcfl+ à` fmrl iclfmrl oerlŕtl sĆ sl hufurl km dmxcdud ol fllm fl àc eilrĆ scdŦurckl+ mu rlzuktmt $ km ilk fm oc`tr$e futcl m ^mòerlc $ tet ilkuk ol hekc+ fmrl ol fmrl dmc fudpkctl+ fmrl sfbckeolsf fepckuk à`fĆ oc` pè`tlfuk dmtlr`+ sckcòu$k sĆ pkĆtlmsfĆ pl`tru jrlŕlkckl pĆrc`Ŧcker pĆrc`Ŧcker sĆc+ km fmrl kl vm moĆujm dmc dmc tèrzcu ŕc pl mkl smkl. ^rcvcŦc fud mrmtĆ u`cvlrsuk. Lk lstl plrilft+ `lmvèò `lvecl ol moĆujcrc smu ol lkcdc`Ćrc. Fud putlŦc frlol mtu`fc fĆ Lu md frlmt uktcdm vlrcjĆ m km`Ŧukuc lvekutcv pl pĆdè`t à`tr $e dm`clrĆ



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

À` fmzuk flker dmc dukŦc oc`trl emdl`c+ fuvc`tlkl su`t à` zmomr. Vc`juruk kufru fmrl àc dmc pemtl àdhkè`zc su`t mffcol`tlkl ol tet ilkuk+ hekckl fre`cfl ŕc smfrcicfcckl `loerctl. Mhcm fèò tetuk mgu`jl sĆ kc sl pmrĆ kcpsct ol ercfl splrm`ŦĆ+ f èò à`trlmjm kudl kl à`temrfl spmtlkl+ fèò trupuk ker rliuzĆ sĆ dmc iu`fŦce`lzl èrdmk+ fèò `cfc e oejdĆ rlkcjcemsĆ ù àc dmc pemtl mgutm+ mhcm mtu`fc à`flp lc sĆ rliklftlzl dmc slrces km Vc`lkl ker+ km lvl`tumkm dcscu`l pl fmrl e mu pl mflst pĆdè`t+ mocfĆ à` kudlm dmtlrcmkĆ+ olvl`cò mstilk prlefupmŦc ol fllm fl vm urdm oupĆ mflmstĆ vcmŦĆ. Lc ù pet mfflptm u` molv Ćr dmc slrces ŕc dmc ourmhck olfèt oupĆ fl àŕc jeklsf fedpklt fupm pkĆflrcker dmtlrcmkl+ udpkèò udpkèò$e pè`Ć Cm rliuz fu lxplrcl`Ŧl trcstl ŕc olzmdĆjcrc. À` mflst ilk su`t `lvect sĆ louf kudlm ŕc udm`ctmtlm+ fmrl lstl preprcltmtlm Dlm ŕc m fĆrlc sfè`tlcl spcrctumkĆ ruptĆ oc` Dc`l trlhucl sĆ sl à`temrfĆ km Dc`l. Emdl`cc trlhucl sĆ $ŕc mtc`jĆ dl`crlm pl`tru fmrl c$md prlolstc`mt+ fbcmr omfĆ mu kumt $e pl fmklm jrlŕctĆ. Ol mfllm+ temtl `lèrefcrckl fmrl sl mhmt msuprm ker "ŕc pl fmrl ŕc kl $mu frlmt sc`jurc# su`t à`tru tetuk gustcicfmtl+ `liccò mktflvm olfèt fe`slfc`Ŧlkl `mturmkl mkl imptlker ker. Mŕm fud md micrdmt à` fedu`cfmrlm m`tlrcemrĆ+ `cdcf ù ls tl mtèt ol `ljru fud vc sl pmrl veuĆ. _etuk lstl plrilft ŕc mŕm fud mr trlhuc sĆ icl. Ol vrldl fl eroc`lm lxcstĆ ŕc oedc`Ć kudlm





































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

Ol mfllm+ ù vĆ dmc pkè`jlŦc ol `lèrefcrckl vemstrl+ fc urdmŦc lxldpkuk Dlu. Lu DĆ iekeslsf ol iclfmrl mted oc` u`cvlrs pl`tru plrdm`l`Ŧm dmrlkuc Dlu rljmt spcrctumk. Lfbcvmkl`tuk mflstucm pl`tru vec lstl suikltuk vestru+ fedpklxctmtlm Vc`lkuc ol fmrl ocspu`lŦc. Mŕm fud v$md lxpkcfmt+ vec su`tlŦc sc`jurcc vcèvmŦc pl`tru temtl `lèrefcrckl ol fmrl mvlŦc pmrtl pl pĆdè`t. IekescŦc vĆ ol mflmstĆ ŕfemkĆ ŕc trlzcŦc vĆ km vcmŦm spcrctumkĆ. @u vlŦc jĆsc mkc`mrlm ŕc



































VLFXL_LKL YCLŨCC

imfl ùdmc pl`tru m ehŦc`l eèrurc ŕc fe`scolrmŦcu`l+ mocfĆ pl`tru fm e pmrtl oc` mflmstĆ skmvĆ sĆ sl rlvlrsl msuprm ùdlkuc sĆu. Dcl ù àdc pkmf msldl`lm sic`Ŧc- Ol mktilk+ à ` kefuk vestru Dc$mŕ pu`l à`trlhmrlm7 uòl lstl sfrcs fĆ+ ol ormjuk dè`tucrcc+ fc`lvm trlhucl sĆ ldcjrlzl à` Mdlrcfm+ pl`tru m trĆc mfeke dmc feìertmhck ŕc dmc kchlr+ omtĆ iccò kcpsm uèr kljc mtèt ol slvlrl fm à` Lurepm5 Lu md micrdmt

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