CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Introduction
This chapter presents a Review of Related Literature and studies which helped the researchers to determine the relationship of waste management and other factors like Age, Gender, Monthly Income and Education Thus, statistical data, survey analysis and many studies will !e used regarding these factors as how it affects and makes significant difference to the study of waste management Moreover, waste collection, waste waste segreg segregati ation, on, waste waste recycli recycling ng and waste waste disposa disposall which which encomp encompass ass waste waste management will !e thoroughly discussed since it plays very important roles in clearly defining waste management "aste is generated !y human activity therefore its management is particularly an important issue as it affects !oth environmental and human health as wastes cause land, air and water pollution #olid waste means gar!age, refuse and other discarded materials including !ut not limited to solid and li$uid waste materials resulting from industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential activities %Mantell, &'()* It has !een suggested, likewise, that practices of !asic solid waste management %#"M* are often neglected at the individual level %Licy et al,+&-* Issues Issues of the enviro environme nment nt specif specifical ically ly a!out a!out "aste "aste Manage Management ment have have !een !een timely timely and relevan relevantt in the the .hilippine .hilippines s /owever, /owever, it is not 0ust 0ust a pro!lem pro!lem of the nation nation !ut a pro!lem of other countries as well Thus, it has !een discussed most of the time !ecause it is affected !y a country1s economic and political aspect The persistent
increase in human population and rapid industriali2ation has caused the continuing glo!al pro!lems on improper waste disposal %Atien2a, +3* The ma0or draw!acks concerning wastes management, especially in the developing countries are the ineffective waste collection strategies and the lack of disposal sites %Reyes et al,+&-* The pro!lem of solid waste management has !ecome critical in the .hilippines and as a response to this issue, the government enacted the Repu!lic Act of '-, also known as the Ecological #olid "aste Management Act of +, on the +4 th of 5anuary +& This intends the country to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste ,management program that protects !oth the environment and the human health This aims to esta!lish a holistic approach in solving the waste management pro!lem in the .hilippines #olid wastes can !e classified according to their sources and this research study focuses on the municipal or household wastes at the home level According to research study conducted !y 6ennagen , et al %++* at two 6arangays in Metro Manila, waste segregation at the household level is not widely practiced and waste recycling is minimal #ome of the reasons for the residents1 non compliance include their indifference to participate in waste management related activities, their attitude that the government has the sole responsi!ility over gar!age management, and their lack of information and education campaigns
