RF Planning Lucent

/XFHQW7HFKQRORJLHV Bell Labs Innovations

Engineering Guideline

EG3:RF Coverage Planning LM: 4

401 - 380 - 333 Version 0.9 February 1998

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary This document contains proprietary information of Lucent Technologies and is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements. Copyright © 1998 by Lucent Technologies Unpublished and Not for Publication All Rights Reserved


EG3: RF Coverage Planning

Lucent Technologies  PROPRIETARY See notice on first page

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This material is protected by the copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be reproduced, distributed or altered in any fashion by any entity, including other Lucent Technologies Business Units or Divisions, without the expressed written consent of the Customer Technical Support and Information organisation. Notice Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However, information is subject to change.


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Table of Contents

1.1 About this Guideline

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1.2 Planning Objectives

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1.3 Link Budgets 1.3.1 Downlink 1.3.2 Uplink 1.3.3 Propagation Prediction 1.3.4 Path Loss 1.3.5 Fade Margin 1.3.6 Penetration Losses

7 10 11 12 12 14 16

1.4 Antenna Diversity

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1.5 CW Measurements/Surveys

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1.6 Example Link Budget Calculation

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1.7 Appendix A: Path Loss Calculations and Cell Radii

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1.1 About About this Guideline Guideline This Engineering Guideline explains how RF planning is undertaken. It describes how the process starts by agreeing the uplink and downlink budgets, and goes on to explain how these influence the physical installation. Techniques for predicting path loss are summarised, and default values for clutter factors are given for illustrative purposes. Fade margin and penetration losses are discussed and an example link budget is shown. The guideline ends with tables and graphs for path losses at GSM900 and DCS 1800 frequencies. For details of creating coverage predictions using GRAND, refer to the Engineering Guideline EG10: RF Planning Tools.

1.2 Planning Objectives The most important objective in any network is that the marketed area should contain contiguous coverage with a minimum number of holes. This is seen by the operator as the ability to set up, or receive a call and to communicate for the duration of the call. The percentage of times and locations for which this occurs is known as Quality of Service. This must e defined before undertaking RF planning. The type of coverage required (i.e. on street, in car, in building) must also be specified along with the expected type of mobile.

1.3 Link Budgets The starting point for designing any RF plan is the agreement of the RF link budgets with the potential operator. These determine the classes of mobile mobile and base station that should be used and also have an influence on the type of physical installation e.g. feeder type, antenna types, tower heights etc. Typical link budgets for the uplink and downlink of a GSM system are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.


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MAXIMUM PATH LOSS FOR ENVIRONMENT

ANTENNA GAIN

FADE MARGIN

FEEDER AND

PENETRATION

CONNECTOR

LOSS

LOSS

COMBINER LOSS

BODY LOSS

BASE STATION

MOBILE ANTENNA

TRANSMIT

GAIN

POWER

DOWNLINK BUDGET

MOBILE RECEIVER SENSITIVITY

Figure 1: Gain and loss components in a typical downlink budget.


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MAXIMUM PATH LOSS FOR ENVIRONMENT

FADE MARGIN BODY LOSS

PENETRATION LOSS

MOBILE ANTENNA GAIN BASE STATION ANTENNA GAIN

MOBILE TRANSMIT

LOW NOISE

POWER

AMPLIFIER

FEEDER AND CONNECTOR LOSS

UPLINK BUDGET DIVERSITY GAIN

BASE STATION RECIEVER SENSITIVITY

Figure 2 : Gain and loss components in a typical uplink budget.

A number of the link budget elements are common to both the up- and downlink. These are: Feeder & Connector Loss: This figure is dependent on the number of connectors, feeder type and length of feeder run. Typically the system system should be designed to make this value between 2-3dB. This can be done by using a higher grade feeder for longer runs.


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Antenna Gain: The choice of antenna has a direct relationship to the cell size. Typically omni, 65° and 120° antennas are used, depending on the environment and coverage requirements. The gain values for each antenna will vary depending on manufacturer. manufacturer. A selection of antenna recommended by Lucent are included in the Antenna Engineering Guidelines. Maximum Path Loss for Environment: The maximum path loss is calculated by knowing the values for the rest of the budget. These will depend on the equipment used and the signal strength required. It is then possible to work out the maximum cell size for each configuration. See the example at the end of this document and appendix A for further information. The section on Propagation Prediction provides information on how the path loss is calculated. Fade Margin: A fade margin is used to reserve extra signal power to overcome potential fading. The fade margin required depends on the required coverage probability and the standard deviation of the fading. The section on propagation prediction provides further information on this. Penetration Loss: When a mobile is used indoors and the base station is situated outside there is a loss when the wave penetrates the building. Where mobile units are to be used indoors, an appropriate penetration loss must be included in the link budget. Additional information is provided in the Propagation Prediction Section in this guideline. Body Loss and Mobile Antenna Gain: These values are usually combined to give an overall gain of 0dB. Any losses associated with car kit kit installations can also be addressed here, the inclusion of this will be dependant upon the operators requirements. The remaining link budget items are specific to each link budget and require careful attention to ensure that the link is balanced to the operator’s requirements. For example some operators prefer to have the downlink a few dB stronger that the uplink to prevent the mobile ‘going out of coverage’, causing constant searches which consume a lot of battery power. The items concerned for each budget are as follows:

1.3.1 Downlink Base Station Transmit Power: Lucent base station transmitter powers are included in the BTS Engineering Guideline. Combiner Loss: The combiner loss occurs as a result of combining a number of transmitter signals onto a single antenna. There are two common methods for combining. Filter combiners enable a large number of carriers to be combined with a low loss, but at extra cost and size. Hybrid combiners are smaller and cheaper but have a greater loss. Refer to the Engineering Guideline EG18: Base Transceiver Station for further information on the combinations offered with Lucent Technologies base stations. Usually any diplexer loss for combining transmit and receive on the same antenna is included in the overall combiner loss figure. Mobile Receive Sensitivity: This is the most difficult element of the link budget to predict and control. Most networks will contain a wide variety of mobiles with varying performances. The operator must design the network to cover the worst case sensitivity as defined by the GSM specifications. Classes of mobile receive sensitivities are included in the GSM/DCS Specific Parameters guideline, under GSM recommendations.


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1.3.2 Uplink Mobile Transmit Power: Most networks will typically contain a wide variety of mobiles with varying performances. Classes of mobile transmit powers are included in the GSM/DCS Specific Parameters guideline. Typically mobiles of around 1W are used as the design criteria for most GSM900 and GSM1800 networks. Low Noise Amplifiers: Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) are employed in the receive path, to improve the performance of the uplink. They can also be used to ensure link balance between the uplink and downlink. LNAs are generally used to increase coverage performance for DCS1800. The values of LNAs which are included as part of the Lucent offering are included in the BTS Engineering Guideline. Diversity Gain: This is used to reduce the effects of fading on the uplink path. Two common techniques used are space and polarisation diversity. Space diversity uses two physically separated antenna to provide two signals with low correlation. Polarisation diversity relies on the reception of two polarised components to provide two uncorrelated signals. Typical gains range between 3 and 6dB with values of 3 or 4dB being commonly used. Base Station Receiver Sensitivity: BTS receiver sensitivity for uplink budget calculations is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. S Table 1: Rx sensitivity values for SRFU900 BT S

Channel Type TCH/FS FACCH SDCCH RACH

Static dB TU50 dB RA250 dB -108 -108 -108 -108

-106 -104 -105 -105

-106 -105 -105 -105

HT100 dB -105 -104 -104 -104

Table 2: Rx sensitivity values for SRFU1800 BTS

Channel Type TCH/FS FACCH SDCCH RACH

Static dB -109 -109 -109 -109

TU50 dB -107 -105 -106 -105

RA130 dB -107 -106 -106 -106

HT100 dB -106 -104 -104 -104

This information is not presently available for the CUBE.

Where : • TU50 TU50

Typic ypical al case case for for an an urb urban an area area with with a MS MS spe speed ed (veh (vehic icle le speed peed))

of 50 Km/h HT100 0 • HT10

Typic ypical al case case for for a hill hilly y ter terra rain in with with a MS MS spe speed ed (veh (vehic icle le spee speed) d)

of 100 Km/h • RA13 RA130 0

Typic ypical al case case for for a rura rurall are areaa wit with h a MS spee speed d (ve (vehi hicl clee spe speed ed)) of of 130 Km/h (Only for DCS1800)

RA250 0 • RA25

Typic ypical al case case for for a rura rurall are areaa wit with h a MS spee speed d (ve (vehi hicl clee spe speed ed)) of of 250 Km/h (Only for GSM900)

The most common model used in cell planning is the TU model, which is used in approximately 95% of cases. The HT100 occurs very rarely and is only used in specific cell planning conditions.


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Any assumptions, such as the multipath fading model used, must be stated alongside all link budgets.

1.3.3 Propagation Prediction A radio wave transmitted to and from a moving mobile station is subject to several effects which cause a loss of signal strength. These are: • Distance attenuation • Shadowing/diffraction • Rayleigh fading.

The received signal can be characterised by microscopic and macroscopic components. The macroscopic component is a result of local, long term fading and is due to the terrain contour between the BTS and MS. The terrain obstacles introduce diffraction loss, which can be estimated from the path profile. Shadowing may occur if an obstruction lies in or close to the line of sight path. Shadowing does not always mean that no signal is received behind an obstacle. A percentage of the radio waves may diffract around the obstruction. This effect depends on the wavelength in relation to the size of the obstacle, and is greater the longer the wavelength. The microscopic component of the received signal is a result of multipath, short term or Rayleigh fading. Its variation is due to the fact that as the mobile station moves, radio waves from many different reflection paths will be received.

1.3.4 Path Loss Several methods of predicting the median path loss over irregular terrain have been published. The method generally used for standard macro cells is Okumura-Hata. The Okumura-Hata propagation prediction is based upon empirical information obtained from measurements in Japan. The formula is limited to a certain range of input parameters and is applicable only over quasi-smooth terrain (height variations ≤ 20m) and no obstacles are assumed to be close to the antenna. The formula is quite good in urban and suburban areas, however it tends to be optimistic over irregular, rural terrain. Correction factors are used for more irregular terrain types such as rolling hills, isolated mountains and mixed land-water paths. The mean value for path loss can be found using the formula below:

L = a 0 + a 4 log f

−

a 2 log hb − a ( hm ) + [a1 − a 3 log(hb )] log d

−

Lc

where:

L is the path loss in dB f is the frequency in MHz hb is the base station antenna height hm is the mobile antenna height a ( hm ) = (1.1 log( f ) − 0.7 )hm − (1.56 log( f ) − 0.8 ) and is the mobile antenna height correction d is the distance between the BTS and MS in km Lc is the correction factor for land usage/clutter factors. See Table 3.


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Table 3: Default Values for the mobile antenna height correction.

a0 a1 a2 a3 a4

900MHz 69.55 44.9 13.82 6.55 26.16

1800MHz 46.3 44.9 13.82 6.55 33.9

The clutter in the vicinity of the MS is important, but the clutter along the propagation path is not taken into consideration. Default clutter factors in the vicinity of the mobile are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Default clutter class factors for hand usage in the vicinity of the mobile.

W O1 O2 F1 F2 S1 S2 S3 U1 U2

Clutter Class water open, no obstructions open, few obstructions wood, low density with small trees or bushes wood, mostly higher and more densely packed trees low density suburban leafy suburban dense suburban low density urban dense urban

Lc (dB) 29 24 19 19 9 11 5 8 3 0

The propagation in built up areas is dependant upon the nature of the urban environment e.g. the size of the buildings, the width of the roads and the existence of open areas. The urban class definitions are not precise and can be subjective. It is necessary to calibrate the clutter correction factors for each city. A number of tables have been produced using a combination of the Okumura-Hata and COST231 propagation models for different antenna/mobile heights and frequencies. They can be used as look up tables when calculating the cell size for a particular link budget combination. These are available in appendix A. The graph Figure 3 shows an example of the comparative path losses at 900MHz for different clutter environments.


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Frequency : 950 MHz ; Antenna Height : 25m ; Mobile Antenna Height : 1.5m 200

180

Urban Suburban 160

Quasi-Rural Rural

) B d ( h 140 t a P

Free-space

120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)

Figure 3: Comparative path losses at 900MHz.

1.3.5 Fade Margin This section looks at the calculation of fade margins for inclusion in link budget calculations. calculation s. The chosen fade margin can have a large impact on the number of base stations required for a network and therefore should be calculated with care. The margin required depends on the desired coverage probability and the standard deviation of the log-normal fading. Hence, the first step is to understand the operator’s requirements for coverage. This should be expressed in probability of call set up for inside cell area or at cell edge. The graph shown in Figure 4 (Jakes, 1974) is often used to calculate edge and area probabilities given σ and n. where σ is the standard deviation of the log normal fading

and n is the propagation roll off power, which is the signal attenuation as a function of distance.


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Figure 4: Edge and area probability relationships

According to GSM03.30 the normal case of urban propagation has a standard deviation (σ) of 7dB and distance exponential (n) of 3.5. The value of edge probability derived from the graph can then be used to calculate the fade margin by using standard normal distribution tables. The two tables below are produced using common values of σ=7dB and σ=4dB for n=3.5. σ = 4 is often used for in-car coverage. Table 5: Fade margins for σ=7dB .

Edge Coverage

Area Coverage

Fade Margin (σ=7dB, n=3.5)

0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95

0.77 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99

0dB 1dB 2dB 3dB 4dB 5dB 6dB 7dB 9dB 12dB

Table 6: Fade margins for σ=4dB

Edge Coverage

Area Coverage

Fade Margin (σ=4dB, n=3.5)

0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95

0.83 0.86 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.99

0dB 1dB 1dB 2dB 2dB 3dB 4dB 4dB 5dB 7dB

In urban areas it is a common practice to allow a fade margin inside a building as well as outside. In this case two separate margins should should be calculated and then added together., together., as shown in the following example. This assumes no correlation: Lucent Technologies  PROPRIETARY See notice on first page

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On-street requirement = 97% area with a σ=7. This gives a fade margin from above table of 9dB. In-b In-buil uildin ding g requir equireme ement nt = 89% 89% area area with with a σ=7 . This gives a fade margin from above table of 4dB. 2

2

The total fade margin for inclusion in the link budget is therefore SQRT(9 + 4 ) = 9.8dB

1.3.6 Penetration Losses There are two mechanisms associated with building losses. The first of these is due to the loss through the outer structure, known as the penetration loss. The second refers to the losses between locations within the building, resulting from the nature of the materials used in the construction of the walls and floors, and from the furniture present. This is referred to as loss within buildings. Penetration losses are very difficult to calculate due to the number of factors involved e.g. wall construction, height & depth of user within the building, number of windows etc. In practice average values are assumed for different environments. These values need to be agreed with the operator before any design work is undertaken, as the chosen values will have a large impact on the cost of the network. There has, however, been some research done in this area by the COST 231 programme which produced the transmission losses for different kinds of materials shown in Table 7 These values are for 1800MHz (there is no equivalent set of values for 900MHz) Table 8: Transmission losses for different building materials.

Object Thick (25cm) concrete, with large windows Thick (25cm) concrete, with large windows large angle of incidence Thick (25cm) concrete, no windows Double (2x20cm) concrete indoor Thin (10cm) concrete indoor Light wall Brick wall, small windows Steel wall (1cm) with reinforced windows Glass wall Reinforced glass Concrete (20cm) large windows Concrete (30cm) Plasterboard Bricks (10cm) Bricks (63cm) Bricks (70cm) Porous concrete

Loss (dB) at 1800MHz 4 11 13 17 6 2.3 4 10 2 8 5.4 9.4 1.3 2.5 4.0 4.5 6.6

The wide ranging values in the table for single walls clearly shows the need to perform some empirical tests. These could simply consist of measuring the average value value outside a building (or a vehicle) and then taking readings inside, and using the difference between the two with an appropriate fade margin.


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1.4 Antenna Diversity Diversity refers to techniques for sampling the received signal more than once and combining these signals. This improves the signal to noise at the receiver. Diversity reception for mobile radio communication systems reduces both thermal and cochannel interference noise. The improvements depend on the correlation coefficient between signals received at the diversity antenna and increases as the correlation coefficient becomes smaller. This correlation coefficient depends on the characteristic of the propagation path and the physical configuration of the diversity antennas. Space diversity uses two physically separated antennas to provide two signals with low correlation. These antenna arrays are fairly bulky and obtrusive and therefore not suitable for urban, indoor use. Polarisation diversity relies on the transmission of two orthogonal polarised components to provide two uncorrelated signals. This type of diversity reduces the number of physical antennas required and hence reduces the visual impact of the antenna installation. For further information on antenna diversity please see the Engineering Guideline on Coverage Enhancement Techniques.

1.5 CW Measurements/Surveys Narrow band or carrier wave measurements are used for the verification of critical and borderline coverage areas and for calibrating the prediction model. Rayleigh fading makes an instantaneous measurement unrepresentative. It is therefore necessary to record the averaged value. The aim is to average out the Rayleigh fading, but not the shadow fading. The recommended averaging interval is >40 wavelengths for outdoor measurements, and >20 wavelengths for indoor measurements. The distance between instantaneous measurements should be more than 36 wavelengths per interval to reduce the averaging variation to less than 1dB. When taking the measurements the measurement antenna should be the same as the planned antenna, both in type and installation. installati on. It is necessary to measure along a variety of street directions and widths to get a full picture of the coverage area. Special features which will affect the propagation characteristics, such as tunnels, should be clearly marked. For information on how to perform CW measurements and what equipment is required please refer to the Engineering Guideline EG16: Drive Testing.


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1.6 Example Link Budget Calculation Calculation This section contains an example link budget for a network with the following characteristics: Frequency Band : Base Station Class : Mobile Class : Antenna Gain : Diversity Gain : Feeder & Connector Losses : Combiner Loss : Tower Height : Coverage Requirement : street coverage

900MHz 5 4 18.0dBi 4.0dB 3.0dB 4.0dB 50m 95% edge coverage, standard deviation of 7dB, on

The link budget is shown in Table 9: Table 9: Example of a link budget (refer to text).

Transmitter Tx Peak Power Combiner Loss Feeder & Connector Loss Tx Antenna Gain Body Loss Tx EIRP Receiver Sensitivity Diversity Gain Rx Antenna Gain Body Loss Feeder & Connector Loss Effective Rx Level Fade Margin Penetration Loss Isotropic Required Rx Sig Lev

DOWNLINK

UPLINK

43.0dBm -4.0dB -3.0dB 18.0dBi 0.0dB 54.0dBm

33.0dBm 0.0dB 0.0dB 2.0dBi -2.0dB 33.0dBm

-102.0dBm 0.0dB -2.0dBi 2.0dB 0.0dB -102.0dBm 12.0dB 0.0dB -90.0dBm

-104.0dBm -4.0dB -18.0dBi 0.0dB 3.0dB -123.0dBm 12.0dB 0.0dB -111.0dBm

144dB

144dB

(Effective Rx level -FM)

Maximum Path Loss (Tx EIRP - Isotropic Rx Sig Lev)

The table shows the link is balanced. Using Appendix A it can be seen that this link budget would provide the following cell radii: Urban :

4Km

Sub-Urban :

8Km

Quasi Open :

20Km

Open :

27Km


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Clearly these radii would be significantly reduced if the requirement was for in-building coverage. In that case the fade margin margin would increase and a penetration loss would be added.


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1.7 Appendix A: Path Loss Calculations and Cell Radii This Appendix contains tables and graphs for path losses at 950MHz and 1850MHz for various tower heights and environment types. Table 10: Path losses at 950MHz, with 25m tower. Transmitter Frequency Fixed Station Antenna Height Mobile Station Antenna Height

950 MHz 25 Metres 1.5 Metres

Dist an ance (KM)

Urban

Rural

F re ree-sp ac ace

0.5

117.15

Sub ur urban Qu as asi -R -Rural 107.06

93.41

88.41

85.98

1

127.91

11 1 17.82

104.17

99.17

92

1.5

134.2

124.12

110.46

105.46

95.52 98.02

2

138.67

128.58

114.93

109.93

2.5

142.13

132.05

118.39

113.39

99.96

3

144.96

134.88

121.22

116.22

101.54

3.5

147.35

137.27

123.61

118.61

102.88

4

149.43

139.34

125.69

120.69

104.04

4.5

151.26

141.17

127.51

122.51

105.06

5

152.89

142.81

129.15

124.15

105.98

5.5

154.37

144.29

130.63

125.63

106. 8

6

155.72

145.64

131.98

126.98

107.56

6.5

156.96

146.88

133.22

128.22

108.25

7

158.11

148.03

134.37

129.37

108. 9

7.5

159.19

149.1

135.44

130.44

109. 5

8

160.19

150.1

136.45

131.45

110.06

8.5

161.13

151.04

137.39

132.39

110.58

9

162.02

151.93

138.27

133.27

111.08 111.55

9.5

162.85

152.77

139.11

134.11

10

163.65

153.57

139.91

134.91

112

10.5

164.41

154.32

140.67

135.67

112.42 112.82

11

165.13

155.05

141.39

136.39

11.5

165.82

155.74

142.08

137.08

113.21

12

166.48

156.4

142.74

137.74

113.58

12.5

167.11

157.03

143.37

138.37

113.93

13

167.72

157.64

143.98

138.98

114.28

13.5

168.31

158.22

144.57

139.57

114.6

14

168.87

158.79

145.13

140.13

114.92

14.5

169.42

159.33

145.68

140.68

115.22

15

169.94

159.86

146.2

141.2

115.52

15.5

170.45

160.37

146.71

141.71

115.8

16

170.95

160.86

147.2

142.2

116.08

16.5

171.42

161.34

147.68

142.68

116.35

17

171.89

161.8

148.15

143.15

116.61 116.86

17.5

172.34

162.25

148.6

143.6

18

172.78

162.69

149.03

144.03

117. 1

18.5

173.2

163.12

149.46

144.46

117.34 117.57

19

173.61

163.53

149.87

144.87

19.5

174.02

163.93

150.28

145.28

117.8

20

174.41

164.33

150.67

145.67

118.02

20.5

174.79

164.71

151.05

146.05

118.23

21

175.17

165.08

151.43

146.43

118.44

21.5

175.53

165.45

151.79

146.79

118.65

22

175.89

165.8

152.15

147.15

118.84

22.5

176.24

166.15

152.5

147.5

119.04

23

176.58

166.49

152.84

147.84

119.23

23.5

176.91

166.83

153.17

148.17

119.42

24

177.24

167.16

153.5

148.5

119. 6

24.5

177.56

167.48

153.82

148.82

119.78

25

177.87

167.79

154.13

149.13

119.96

25.5

178.25

168.16

154.51

149.51

120.13

26

178.62

168.53

154.88

149.88

120. 3


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EG3: RF Coverage Planning 26.5

178.99

168.9

155.25

150.25

120.46

27

179.35

169.27

155.61

150.61

120.62

27.5

179.72

169.63

155.98

150.98

120.78

28

180.08

170

156.34

151.34

120.94

28.5

180.44

170.36

156.7

151.7

121.09

29

180.8

170.72

157.06

152.06

121.24

29.5

181.16

171.07

157.41

152.41

121.39

30

181.51

171.43

157.77

152.77

121.54

30.5

181.86

171.78

158.12

153.12

121.68

31

182.21

172.13

158.47

153.47

121.82 121.96

31.5

182.56

172.47

158.82

153.82

32

182.91

172.82

159.16

154.16

122.1

32.5

183.25

173.16

159.51

154.51

122.23 122.37

33

183.59

173.51

159.85

154.85

33.5

183.93

173.84

160.19

155.19

122.5

34

184.27

174.18

160.53

155.53

122.63

34.5

184.6

174.52

160.86

155.86

122.75

35

184.93

174.85

161.19

156.19

122.88


180

Urban Suburban 160

Quasi-Rural Rural

) B d ( h 140 t a P

Free-space

120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)

Figure 5: Comparative path losses at 950MHz, with tower height of 25m.


Version: 0.9 LM: 4

21



Table 11: 11: Path losses at 950MHz with tower height of 50m. Transmitter Frequency Fixed Station Antenna Height Mobile Station Antenna Height


Di st stance ( K Km m)

Urb an an

Ru ra ral

F re ree -s -space

0.5

113.58

Suburban Quasi -R -Rural 103.5

89.84

85.98

85.98

1

123.75

11 113.66

100.01

95.01

92

1.5

129.69

119.61

105.95

100.95

95.52 98.02

2

133.91

123.83

110.17

105.17

2.5

137.19

127.1

113.44

108.44

99.96

3

139.86

129.78

116.12

111.12

101.54

3.5

142.12

132.04

118.38

113.38

102.88

4

144.08

133.99

120.34

115.34

104.04

4.5

145.81

135.72

122.07

117.07

105.06

5

147.35

137.27

123.61

118.61

105.98

5.5

148.75

138.67

125.01

120.01

106.8

6

150.03

139.94

126.28

121.28

107.56

6.5

151.2

141.12

127.46

122.46

108.25

7

152.29

142.2

128.55

123.55

108.9

7.5

153.3

143.21

129.56

124.56

109.5

8

154.25

14 1 44.16

130.5

125.5

110.06

8.5

155.14

145.05

131.39

126.39

110.58

9

155.97

145.89

132.23

127.23

111.08 111.55

9.5

156.77

146.68

133.02

128.02

10

157.52

147.43

133.78

128.78

112

10.5

158.23

148.15

134.49

129.49

112.42 112.82

11

158.92

148.83

135.17

130.17

11.5

159.57

149.48

135.83

130.83

113.21

12

160.19

150.11

136.45

131.45

113.58

12.5

160.79

150.71

137.05

132.05

113.93

13

161.37

151.28

137.63

132.63

114.28

13.5

161.92

151.84

138.18

133.18

114.6

14

162.45

152.37

138.71

133.71

114.92

14.5

162.97

152.88

139.23

134.23

115.22

15

163.47

153.38

139.72

134.72

115.52

15.5

163.95

153.86

140.2

135.2

115.8

16

164.41

154.33

140.67

135.67

116.08

16.5

164.86

154.78

141.12

136.12

116.35

17

165.3

155.22

141.56

136.56

116.61 116.86

17.5

165.73

155.64

141.98

136.98

18

166.14

156.05

142.4

137.4

117.1

18.5

166.54

156.46

142.8

137.8

117.34 117.57

19

166.93

156.85

143.19

138.19

19.5

167.31

157.23

143.57

138.57

117.8

20

167.69

157.6

143.94

138.94

118.02

20.5

168.05

157.96

144.31

139.31

118.23

21

168.4

158.32

144.66

139.66

118.44

21.5

168.75

15 158.66

145

140

118.65

22

169.08

159

145.34

140.34

118.84

22.5

169.41

159.33

145.67

140.67

119.04

23

169.74

159.65

145.99

140.99

119.23 119.42

23.5

170.05

159.97

146.31

141.31

24

170.36

160.27

146.62

141.62

119.6

24.5

170.66

160.58

146.92

141.92

119.78

25

170.96

160.87

147.22

142.22

119.96

25.5

171.37

161.28

147.63

142.63

120.13

26

171.77

161.69

148.03

143.03

120.3


22

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



172.18

162.09

148.44

143.44

120.46

27

172.58

162.49

148.84

143.84

120.62

27.5

172.98

162.89

149.24

144.24

120.78

28

173.38

163.29

149.63

144.63

120.94

28.5

173.77

163.69

150.03

145.03

121.09

29

174.16

164.08

150.42

145.42

121.24

29.5

174.55

164.47

150.81

145.81

121.39

30

174.94

164.85

151.2

146.2

121.54

30.5

175.33

165.24

151.58

146.58

121.68

31

175.71

165.62

151.97

146.97

121.82 121.96

31.5

176.09

166

152.35

147.35

32

176.47

166.38

152.72

147.72

122.1

32.5

176.84

166.76

153.1

148.1

122.23 122.37

33

177.21

167.13

153.47

148.47

33.5

177.59

167.5

153.84

148.84

122.5

34

177.95

167.87

154.21

149.21

122.63

34.5

178.32

168.23

154.58

149.58

122.75

35

178.68

168.6

154.94

149.94

122.88

Frequency : 1850 MHz MHz ; Antenna Height : 50m ; Mobile Antenna Height : 1.5m 180

170

Urban 160

Suburban

150

Quasi-Rural Rural

140 ) B d ( h 130 t a P

Free-space

120

110

100

90

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

23



Table 12: Path losses at 950MHz with tower height of 75m. Transmitter Frequency Fixed Station Antenna Height Mobile Station Antenna Height


Distance (Km)

Urban

Rural

Free-space

0.5

111.49

Suburban Quasi-Rural 101.41

87.75

85.98

85.98

1

121.31

11 111.23

97.57

92.57

92

1.5

127.06

116.97

103.32

98.32

95.52 98.02

2

131.13

121.05

107.39

102.39

2.5

134.29

124.21

110.55

105.55

99.96

3

136.88

126.79

113.13

108.13

101.54

3.5

139.06

128.97

115.32

110.32

102.88

4

140.95

130.87

117.21

112.21

104.04

4.5

142.62

132.53

118.88

113.88

105.06

5

144.11

134.03

120.37

115.37

105.98

5.5

145.46

135.38

121.72

116.72

106.8

6

146.7

136.61

122.95

117.95

107.56

6.5

147.83

137.74

124.09

119.09

108.25

7

148.88

138.79

125.14

120.14

108.9

7.5

149.86

139.77

126.11

121.11

109.5

8

150.77

140.69

127.03

122.03

110.06

8.5

151.63

141.54

127.89

122.89

110.58

9

152.44

14 1 42.35

128.7

123.7

111.08 111.55

9.5

153.21

143.12

129.46

124.46

10

153.93

143.85

130.19

125.19

112

10.5

154.62

144.54

130.88

125.88

112.42 112.82

11

155.28

145.2

131.54

126.54

11.5

155.91

145.83

132.17

127.17

113.21

12

156.51

146.43

132.77

127.77

113.58

12.5

157.09

147.01

133.35

128.35

113.93

13

157.65

147.56

133.91

128.91

114.28

13.5

158.18

148.1

134.44

129.44

114.6

14

158.7

148.61

134.96

129.96

114.92

14.5

159.2

149.11

135.45

130.45

115.22

15

159.68

149.59

135.93

130.93

115.52

15.5

160.14

150.05

136.4

131.4

115.8

16

160.59

150.5

136.85

131.85

116.08

16.5

161.03

150.94

137.28

132.28

116.35

17

161.45

151.36

137.71

132.71

116.61 116.86

17.5

161.86

151.77

138.12

133.12

18

162.26

152.17

138.52

133.52

117.1

18.5

162.65

152.56

138.9

133.9

117.34 117.57

19

163.02

152.94

139.28

134.28

19.5

163.39

153.31

139.65

134.65

117.8

20

163.75

153.67

140.01

135.01

118.02

20.5

164.1

154.02

140.36

135.36

118.23

21

164.44

154.36

140.7

135.7

118.44

21.5

164.78

154.69

141.03

136.03

118.65

22

165.1

155.02

141.36

136.36

118.84

22.5

165.42

155.33

141.68

136.68

119.04

23

165.73

155.65

141.99

136.99

119.23 119.42

23.5

166.04

155.95

142.29

137.29

24

166.33

156.25

142.59

137.59

119.6

24.5

166.63

156.54

142.88

137.88

119.78

25

166.91

156.83

143.17

138.17

119.96

25.5

167.32

157.24

143.58

138.58

120.13

26

167.73

157.65

143.99

138.99

120.3


24

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



168.14

158.05

144.4

139.4

120.46

27

168.54

158.46

144.8

139.8

120.62

27.5

168.95

158.86

145.2

140.2

120.78

28

169.35

159.26

145.6

140.6

120.94

28.5

169.74

1 15 59.66

146

141

121.09

29

170.14

160.05

146.4

141.4

121.24

29.5

170.53

160.45

146.79

141.79

121.39

30

170.92

160.84

147.18

142.18

121.54

30.5

171.31

161.22

147.57

142.57

121.68

31

171.7

161.61

147.95

142.95

121.82 121.96

31.5

172.08

161.99

148.34

143.34

32

172.46

162.38

148.72

143.72

122.1

32.5

172.84

162.76

149.1

144.1

122.23 122.37

33

173.22

163.13

149.48

144.48

33.5

173.59

163.51

149.85

144.85

122.5

34

173.97

163.88

150.22

145.22

122.63

34.5

174.34

164.25

150.59

145.59

122.75

35

174.7

164.62

150.96

145.96

122.88


170

Urban 160

Suburban 150

Quasi-Rural 140

Rural

) B d ( h 130 t a P

Free-space

120

110

100

90

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

25



Table 13: Path losses at 950MHz, with tower height of 100m. Transmitter Frequency Fixed Station Antenna Height Mobile Antenna Height


Distan ce ce (KM)

Urban

Rural

F re ree-space

0.5

110.01

Sub ur urban Quasi- R Ru ural 99.93

86.27

85.98

85.98

1

119.59

10 1 09.5

95.85

92

92

1.5

125.19

115.1

101.44

96.44

95.52

2

129.16

119.07

105.42

100.42

98.02

2.5

132.24

122.16

108.5

103.5

99.96 101.54

3

134.76

124.67

111.02

106.02

3.5

136.89

126.8

113.15

108.15

102.88

4

138.73

128.65

114.99

109.99

104.04

4.5

140.36

130.27

116.62

111.62

105.06

5

141.81

131.73

118.07

113.07

105.98

5.5

143.13

133.05

119.39

114.39

106.8

6

144.33

134.25

120.59

115.59

107.56

6.5

145.44

135.35

121.7

116.7

108.25

7

146.46

136.38

122.72

117.72

108.9

7.5

147.41

137.33

123.67

118.67

109.5

8

148.31

138.22

124.56

119.56

110.06

8.5

149.14

139.06

125.4

120.4

110.58

9

149.93

139.85

126.19

121.19

111.08

9.5

150.68

140.59

126.94

121.94

111.55

10

151.39

141.3

127.65

122.65

112

10.5

152.06

141.98

128.32

123.32

112.42 112.82

11

152.7

142.62

128.96

123.96

11.5

153.32

143.23

129.58

124.58

113.21

12

153.9

143.82

130.16

125.16

113.58

12.5

154.47

144.38

130.73

125.73

113.93

13

155.01

144.92

131.27

126.27

114.28

13.5

155.53

145.45

131.79

126.79

114.6

14

156.03

145.95

132.29

127.29

114.92

14.5

156.52

146.43

132.78

127.78

115.22

15

156.99

146.9

133.24

128.24

115.52

15.5

157.44

147.35

133.7

128.7

115.8

16

157.88

147.79

134.14

129.14

116.08

16.5

158.3

148.22

134.56

129.56

116.35

17

158.72

148.63

134.97

129.97

116.61

17.5

159.12

149.03

135.37

130.37

116.86

18

159.5

149.42

135.76

130.76

117.1

18.5

159.88

149.8

136.14

131.14

117.34 117.57

19

160.25

150.17

136.51

131.51

19.5

160.61

150.52

136.87

131.87

117.8

20

160.96

150.87

137.22

132.22

118.02

20.5

161.3

151.22

137.56

132.56

118.23

21

161.63

151.55

137.89

132.89

118.44

21.5

161.96

151.87

138.22

133.22

118.65

22

162.28

152.19

138.53

133.53

118.84

22.5

162.59

152.5

138.84

133.84

119.04

23

162.89

152.8

139.15

134.15

119.23 119.42

23.5

163.19

153.1

139.44

134.44

24

163.48

153.39

139.74

134.74

119.6

24.5

163.76

153.68

140.02

135.02

119.78

25

164.04

153.96

140.3

135.3

119.96

25.5

164.44

154.35

140.69

135.69

120.13

26

164.83

154.74

141.09

136.09

120.3


26

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



165.22

155.14

141.48

136.48

120.46

27

165.61

155.52

141.87

136.87

120.62

27.5

166

155.91

142.25

137.25

120.78

28

166.38

156.3

142.64

137.64

120.94

28.5

166.76

156.68

143.02

138.02

121.09

29

167.15

157.06

143.4

138.4

121.24

29.5

167.53

157.44

143.78

138.78

121.39

30

167.9

157.82

144.16

139.16

121.54

30.5

168.28

158.19

144.54

139.54

121.68

31

168.65

158.57

144.91

139.91

121.82 121.96

31.5

169.02

158.94

145.28

140.28

32

169.39

159.31

145.65

140.65

122.1

32.5

169.76

159.67

146.02

141.02

122.23 122.37

33

170.12

160.04

146.38

141.38

33.5

170.49

160.4

146.75

141.75

122.5

34

170.85

160.76

147.11

142.11

122.63

34.5

171.21

161.12

147.47

142.47

122.75

35

171.57

161.48

147.82

142.82

122.88

Frequency : 950 MHz ; Antenna Height : 100m ; Mobile Antenna Height : 1.5m

180

160

Urban Suburban

Quasi-Rural

140 ) B d ( h t a P

Rural

Free-space

120

100

80 1

4

7

0 1

3 1

6 1

9 1

2 2

5 2

8 2

1 3

4 3

7 3

0 4

3 4

6 4

9 4

2 5

5 5

8 5

1 6

4 6

7 6

0 7

Distance (KM)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

27





Distance (KM)

Urban

0.5

124.94


97.86

Rural 92.86

Free-space 91.76

1

135.7

123.67

108.62

103.62

97.79

1.5

141.99

129.97

114.92

109.92

101.31

2

146.46

134.43

119.38

114.38

103.81

2.5

149.92

137.9

122.85

117.85

105.74

3

152.75

140.73

125.68

120.68

107.33

3.5

155.15

143.12

128.07

123.07

108.67

4

157.22

145.19

130.14

125.14

109.83

4.5

159.05

147.02

131.97

126.97

110.85

5

160.68

148.66

133.61

128.61

111.76

5.5

162.16

150.14

135.09

130.09

112.59

6

163.51

151.49

136.44

131.44

113.35

6.5

164.76

152.73

137.68

132.68

114.04

7

165.91

153.88

138.83

133.83

114.69

7.5

166.98

154.95

139.9

134.9

115.29

8

167.98

155.95

140.9

135.9

115.85

8.5

168.92

156.9

141.84

136.84

116.37

9

169.81

157.78

142.73

137.73

116.87

9.5

170.65

158.62

143.57

138.57

117.34

10

171.44

159.42

144.37

139.37

117.79

10.5

172.2

160.18

145.12

140.12

118.21

11

172.92

160.9

145.85

140.85

118.61

11.5

173.61

161.59

146.54

141.54

119

12

174.27

162.25

147.2

142.2

119.37

12.5

174.91

162.88

147.83

142.83

119.72

13

175.52

163.49

148.44

143.44

120.06

13.5

176.1

164.08

149.03

144.03

120.39

14

176.67

164.64

149.59

144.59

120.71

14.5

177.21

165.19

150.13

145.13

121.01

15

177.74

165.71

150.66

145.66

121.31

15.5

178.25

166.22

151.17

146.17

121.59

16

178.74

166.71

151.66

146.66

121.87

16.5

179.22

167.19

152.14

147.14

122.13

17

179.68

167.66

152.6

147.6

122.39

17.5

180.13

168.11

153.05

148.05

122.65

18

180.57

168.54

153.49

148.49

122.89

18.5

180.99

168.97

153.92

148.92

123.13

19

181.41

169.38

154.33

149.33

123.36

19.5

181.81

169.79

154.73

149.73

123.59

20

182.2

170.18

155.13

150.13

123.81

20.5

182.59

170.56

155.51

150.51

124.02

21

182.96

170.94

155.88

150.88

124.23

21.5

183.33

171.3

156.25

151.25

124.43

22

183.68

171.66

156.61

151.61

124.63

22.5

184.03

172.01

156.95

151.95

124.83

23

184.37

172.35

157.3

152.3

125.02

23.5

184.71

172.68

157.63

152.63

125.21

24

185.03

173.01

157.96

152.96

125.39

24.5

185.35

173.33

158.28

153.28

125.57

25

185.67

173.64

158.59

153.59

125.74

25.5

186.09

174.06

159.01

154.01

125.92

26

186.5

174.48

159.43

154.43

126.08


28

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



186.92

174.89

159.84

154.84

126.25

27

187.33

175.3

160.25

155.25

126.41

27.5

187.74

175.71

160.66

155.66

126.57

28

188.14

176.12

161.07

156.07

126.73

28.5

188.55

176.52

161.47

156.47

126.88

29

188.95

176.92

161.87

156.87

127.03

29.5

189.35

177.32

162.27

157.27

127.18

30

189.74

177.72

162.67

157.67

127.33

30.5

190.13

178.11

163.06

158.06

127.47

31

190.53

178.5

163.45

158.45

127.61

31.5

190.91

178.89

163.84

158.84

127.75

32

191.3

179.27

164.22

159.22

127.89

32.5

191.68

179.66

164.6

159.6

128.02

33

192.06

180.04

164.98

159.98

128.16

33.5

192.44

180.41

165.36

160.36

128.29

34

192.81

180.79

165.74

160.74

128.41

34.5

193.18

181.16

166.11

161.11

128.54

35

193.55

181.53

166.48

161.48

128.67

Frequency :1850 MHz ; Antenna Height : 25m ; Mobile Antenna Height : 1.5m 200

Urban

180

Suburban Quasi-Rural 160

Rural ) B d ( h 140 t a P

Free-space 120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

29





Distan ce ce (KM)

Urb an an

Rural

Free-sp ac ace

0.5

121.37

Subu rb rb an an Quasi -R -Rural 1 09.35

94.3

91.76

91.76

1

131.54

119.51

104.46

99.46

97.79

1.5

137.49

125.46

110.41

105.41

101.31

2

141.71

129.68

114.63

109.63

103.81

2.5

144.98

132.95

117.9

112.9

105.74 107.33

3

147.65

135.63

120.58

115.58

3.5

149.91

137.89

122.84

117.84

108.67

4

151.87

1 39.85

124.8

119.8

109.83

4.5

153.6

141.57

126.52

121.52

110.85

5

155.14

143.12

128.07

123.07

111.76

5.5

156.54

144.52

129.47

124.47

112.59

6

157.82

145.79

130.74

125.74

113.35

6.5

158.99

146.97

131.92

126.92

114.04

7

160.08

148.05

133

128

114.69

7.5

161.09

149.07

134.02

129.02

115.29

8

162.04

150.01

134.96

129.96

115.85

8.5

162.93

150.9

135.85

130.85

116.37

9

163.77

151.74

136.69

131.69

116.87

9.5

164.56

152.53

137.48

132.48

117.34

10

165.31

153.29

138.23

133.23

117.79

10.5

166.03

154

138.95

133.95

118.21

11

166.71

154.68

139.63

134.63

118.61

11.5

167.36

155.34

140.28

135.28

119

12

167.99

155.96

140.91

135.91

119.37

12.5

168.58

156.56

141.51

136.51

119.72

13

169.16

157.13

142.08

137.08

120.06

13.5

169.71

157.69

142.64

137.64

120.39

14

170.25

158.22

143.17

138.17

120.71

14.5

170.76

158.74

143.68

138.68

121.01

15

171.26

159.23

144.18

139.18

121.31

15.5

171.74

159.71

144.66

139.66

121.59

16

172.2

160.18

145.13

140.13

121.87

16.5

172.66

160.63

145.58

140.58

122.13

17

173.09

161.07

146.02

141.02

122.39

17.5

173.52

161.49

146.44

141.44

122.65

18

173.93

161.91

146.86

141.86

122.89

18.5

174.33

162.31

147.26

142.26

123.13

19

174.73

162.7

147.65

142.65

123.36

19.5

175.11

163.08

148.03

143.03

123.59

20

175.48

163.45

148.4

143.4

123.81

20.5

175.84

163.81

148.76

143.76

124.02

21

176.19

164.17

149.12

144.12

124.23

21.5

176.54

164.51

149.46

144.46

124.43

22

176.88

164.85

149.8

144.8

124.63

22.5

177.21

165.18

150.13

145.13

124.83

23

177.53

165.5

150.45

145.45

125.02

23.5

177.84

165.82

150.77

145.77

125.21

24

178.15

166.13

151.08

146.08

125.39

24.5

178.45

166.43

151.38

146.38

125.57

25

178.75

166.73

151.67

146.67

125.74

25.5

179.17

167.14

152.09

147.09

125.92

26

179.58

167.55

152.5

147.5

126.08


30

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



26.5

179.99

167.96

152.91

147.91

126.25

27

180.4

168.37

153.32

148.32

126.41

27.5

180.8

168.78

153.72

148.72

126.57

28

181.2

169.18

154.13

149.13

126.73

28.5

181.6

169.58

154.53

149.53

126.88

29

182

169.98

154.93

149.93

127.03

29.5

182.4

170.37

155.32

150.32

127.18

30

182.79

170.77

155.71

150.71

127.33

30.5

183.18

171.16

156.1

151.1

127.47

31

183.57

171.54

156.49

151.49

127.61

31.5

183.95

171.93

156.88

151.88

127.75

32

184.34

172.31

157.26

152.26

127.89

32.5

184.72

172.69

157.64

152.64

128.02

33

185.09

173.07

158.02

153.02

128.16

33.5

185.47

173.44

158.39

153.39

128.29

34

185.84

173.82

158.77

153.77

128.41

34.5

186.21

174.19

159.14

154.14

128.54

35

186.58

174.56

159.5

154.5

128.67


180

Urban Suburban 160

Quasi-Rural Rural

) B d ( 140 h t a P

Free-space 120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

31



Table 16: Path losses at 1850MHz with a tower height of 75m. Transmitter Frequency Fixed Station Antenna Height Mobile Station Antenna Height


Distance (Km)

Urban

0.5

119.29


92.21

Rural 91.76

Free-space 91.76

1

129.11

117.08

102.03

97.79

97.79

1.5

134.85

122.82

107.77

102.77

101.31

2

138.92

126.9

111.85

106.85

103.81

2.5

142.09

130.06

115.01

110.01

105.74

3

144.67

132.64

117.59

112.59

107.33

3.5

146.85

134.83

119.78

114.78

108.67

4

148.74

136.72

121.67

116.67

109.83

4.5

150.41

138.39

123.34

118.34

110.85

5

151.91

139.88

124.83

119.83

111.76

5.5

153.26

141.23

126.18

121.18

112.59

6

154.49

142.46

127.41

122.41

113.35

6.5

155.62

143.6

128.55

123.55

114.04

7

156.67

144.65

129.6

124.6

114.69

7.5

157.65

145.62

130.57

125.57

115.29

8

158.56

146.54

131.49

126.49

115.85

8.5

159.42

147.4

132.35

127.35

116.37

9

160.23

148.21

133.16

128.16

116.87

9.5

161

148.97

133.92

128.92

117.34

10

161.72

149.7

134.65

129.65

117.79

10.5

162.42

150.39

135.34

130.34

118.21

11

163.07

15 151.05

136

131

118.61

11.5

163.7

151.68

136.63

131.63

119

12

164.31

152.28

137.23

132.23

119.37

12.5

164.89

152.86

137.81

132.81

119.72

13

165.44

153.42

138.36

133.36

120.06

13.5

165.98

153.95

138.9

133.9

120.39

14

166.49

154.47

139.41

134.41

120.71

14.5

166.99

154.96

139.91

134.91

121.01

15

167.47

155.44

140.39

135.39

121.31

15.5

167.93

155.91

140.86

135.86

121.59

16

168.38

156.36

141.31

136.31

121.87

16.5

168.82

156.79

141.74

136.74

122.13

17

169.24

157.22

142.16

137.16

122.39

17.5

169.65

157.63

142.58

137.58

122.65

18

170.05

158.03

142.97

137.97

122.89

18.5

170.44

158.41

143.36

138.36

123.13

19

170.82

158.79

143.74

138.74

123.36

19.5

171.18

159.16

144.11

139.11

123.59

20

171.54

159.52

144.47

139.47

123.81

20.5

171.89

159.87

144.82

139.82

124.02

21

172.23

160.21

145.16

140.16

124.23

21.5

172.57

160.54

145.49

140.49

124.43

22

172.89

160.87

145.82

140.82

124.63

22.5

173.21

161.19

146.14

141.14

124.83

23

173.52

161.5

146.45

141.45

125.02

23.5

173.83

161.8

146.75

141.75

125.21

24

174.13

162.1

147.05

142.05

125.39

24.5

174.42

162.39

147.34

142.34

125.57

25

174.7

162.68

147.63

142.63

125.74

25.5

175.12

163.09

148.04

143.04

125.92

26

175.52

163.5

148.45

143.45

126.08


32

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



175.93

163.91

148.85

143.85

126.25

27

176.33

164.31

149.26

144.26

126.41

27.5

176.74

164.71

149.66

144.66

126.57

28

177.14

165.11

150.06

145.06

126.73

28.5

177.53

165.51

150.46

145.46

126.88

29

177.93

165.9

150.85

145.85

127.03

29.5

178.32

166.29

151.24

146.24

127.18

30

178.71

166.68

151.63

146.63

127.33

30.5

179.1

167.07

152.02

147.02

127.47

31

179.48

167.46

152.41

147.41

127.61

31.5

179.86

167.84

152.79

147.79

127.75

32

180.25

168.22

153.17

148.17

127.89

32.5

180.62

168.6

153.55

148.55

128.02

33

181

168.97

153.92

148.92

128.16

33.5

181.37

169.35

154.3

149.3

128.29

34

181.74

169.72

154.67

149.67

128.41

34.5

182.11

170.09

155.04

150.04

128.54

35

182.48

170.45

155.4

150.4

128.67


180

Urban Suburban 160

Quasi-Rural ) B d ( 140 h t a P

Rural

Free-space 120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

33




1850 MHz 100 MTR 1.5 MTR

Distan ce ce ( KM KM)

Urb an an

0.5

117.81

Subu rb rb an an Qu as asi-Rural 105.78

91.76

Ru ra ral 91.76

F re ree -s -space 91.76

1

127.38

115.35

100.3

97.79

97.79

1.5

132.98

120.95

105.9

101.31

101.31

2

136.95

124.93

109.88

104.88

103.81

2.5

140.03

128.01

112.96

107.96

105.74

3

142.55

130.53

115.48

110.48

107.33

3.5

144.68

132.66

117.6

112.6

108.67

4

146.52

134.5

119.45

114.45

109.83

4.5

148.15

136.13

121.07

116.07

110.85

5

149.61

137.58

122.53

117.53

111.76

5.5

150.92

138.9

123.85

118.85

112.59

6

152.12

140.1

125.05

120.05

113.35

6.5

153.23

141.2

126.15

121.15

114.04

7

154.25

142.23

127.18

122.18

114.69

7.5

155.21

143.18

128.13

123.13

115.29

8

156.1

144.07

129.02

124.02

115.85

8.5

156.93

144.91

129.86

124.86

116.37

9

157.72

145.7

130.65

125.65

116.87

9.5

158.47

146.45

131.39

126.39

117.34

10

159.18

147.15

132.1

127.1

117.79

10.5

159.85

147.83

132.78

127.78

118.21

11

160.5

148.47

133.42

128.42

118.61

11.5

161.11

149.08

134.03

129.03

119

12

161.7

149.67

134.62

129.62

119.37

12.5

162.26

150.24

135.18

130.18

119.72

13

162.8

150.78

135.73

130.73

120.06

13.5

163.32

151.3

136.25

131.25

120.39

14

163.83

151.8

136.75

131.75

120.71

14.5

164.31

152.29

137.23

132.23

121.01

15

164.78

152.75

137.7

132.7

121.31

15.5

165.23

153.21

138.16

133.16

121.59

16

165.67

153.65

138.59

133.59

121.87

16.5

166.1

154.07

139.02

134.02

122.13

17

166.51

154.48

139.43

134.43

122.39

17.5

166.91

154.88

139.83

134.83

122.65

18

167.3

155.27

140.22

135.22

122.89

18.5

167.68

155.65

140.6

135.6

123.13

19

168.04

156.02

140.97

135.97

123.36

19.5

168.4

156.38

141.33

136.33

123.59

20

168.75

156.73

141.68

136.68

123.81

20.5

169.09

157.07

142.02

137.02

124.02

21

169.43

157.4

142.35

137.35

124.23

21.5

169.75

157.73

142.67

137.67

124.43

22

170.07

158.04

142.99

137.99

124.63 124.83

22.5

170.38

158.35

143.3

138.3

23

170.68

158.66

143.61

138.61

125.02

23.5

170.98

158.95

143.9

138.9

125.21 125.39

24

171.27

159.25

144.19

139.19

24.5

171.55

159.53

144.48

139.48

125.57

25

171.83

159.81

144.76

139.76

125.74

25.5

172.24

160.22

145.16

140.16

125.92

26

172.65

160.62

145.57

140.57

126.08


34

Version: 0.9 LM: 4



173.05

161.02

145.97

140.97

126.25

27

173.45

161.42

146.37

141.37

126.41

27.5

173.85

161.82

146.77

141.77

126.57

28

174.24

162.22

147.17

142.17

126.73

28.5

174.64

162.61

147.56

142.56

126.88

29

175.03

163

147.95

142.95

127.03

29.5

175.42

163.39

148.34

143.34

127.18

30

175.8

163.78

148.73

143.73

127.33

30.5

176.19

164.16

149.11

144.11

127.47

31

176.57

164.55

149.5

144.5

127.61

31.5

176.95

164.93

149.88

144.88

127.75

32

177.33

165.31

150.25

145.25

127.89

32.5

177.71

165.68

150.63

145.63

128.02

33

178.08

16 166.05

151

146

128.16

33.5

178.45

166.43

151.37

146.37

128.29

34

178.82

166.79

151.74

146.74

128.41

34.5

179.19

167.16

152.11

147.11

128.54

35

179.55

167.53

152.47

147.47

128.67

Frequency : 1850 MHz ; Antenna Height : 100m ; Mobile Antenna Height : 1.5m

180

Urban Suburban

160

Quasi Rural ) 140 B d ( s s o L h t a P

Rural

Freespace

120

100

80 5 . 0

2

5 . 3

5

5 . 6

8

5 . 9

1 1

5 . 2 1

4 1

5 . 5 1

7 1

5 . 8 1

0 2

5 . 1 2

3 2

5 . 4 2

6 2

5 . 7 2

9 2

5 . 0 3

2 3

5 . 3 3

5 3

Distance (Km)



Version: 0.9 LM: 4

35




36

Version: 0.9 LM: 4

RF Planning Lucent

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