LABORATORIUM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM REVERSE OSMOSIS
Tngg+ Tngg+ Pr."i.$m
: 2 Se-"ember 2015
Tngg+ Pen Peng g$m-$+n L-,rn
: 05 05 O. O.",ber 20 2015
Pembimbing : Her!"i #$%i&"$"i' P()* O+e( : Ke+,m-,.
: I
Nm
: Amn% P$"ri
NIM) 1211101 1211101
rr& A%i"3
NIM) 1211101
T&3 *i( R4(m%ini
NIM) 12111015
Ke+&
: #
PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III TEKNIK KIMIA JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2015
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Latar Belaka Belaka! !
Air mer$-.n .eb$"$(n 3ng -+ing men%&r bgi m.(+$. (i%$-) Air 3ng %ig$n %ig$n.n .n (r$& (r$& memen$ memen$(i (i &3r" &3r" %ri %ri &egi &egi .$+i" .$+i"&& m$-$n m$-$n .$n"i" .$n"i"&n3 &n3) ) Se4r Se4r .$+i"&' .$+i"&' ir (r$& "er&e%i -% .,n%i&i .,n%i&i 3ng memen$(i memen$(i &3r" & 3r" .e&e("n .e&e("n 3ng %-" %i"in7 %i"in7$ $ %ri %ri &-e. &-e. 8i&i.' 8i&i.' .imi' .imi' %n bi,+,g bi,+,gi) i) A%n3 A%n3 -er.em -er.embn bngn gn in%$&"r in%$&"rii %n -em$.imn %-" mengn4m .$+i"& ir ber&i(' &e(ingg & e(ingg %i-er+$.n $-3 -erbi.n bi. &e4r &e%er(n m$-$n m,%ern) Men$r$" &erng.in ri&e" 3ng %i+.$.n NS 9 National 9 National Sanitation Foundation Foundation' ' +embg in%e-en%en %ri Ameri. Seri." 3ng &e4r .,n&i&"en memb(& m&+( ir' %i"em$.n b(! 0; -en3.i" 3ng %i%eri" mn$&i %i&ebb.n ,+e( ir) H+ ini .ren <"=<" -,+$"n 9-en3ebb -,+$&i/-en4emrn 3ng "er%-" -% ir min$m' mengn%$n mengn%$ng g +,gm ber" %n b(n=b(n b(n=b(n .imi (&i+ in%$&"ri in%$&"ri &e-er"i .+,rin' -(en,+ %n "nnin' %i"mb( re&i%$ -$-$. %n -e&"i&i% .imi %ri -er"nin' b."eri' >ir$& %n +in &ebgin3) Memin$m ir 3ng .$rng ber&i( memng "i%. .n ber-engr$( %+m 7ng. -en%e.' nm$n %+m 7ng. -n7ng +mb" +$n .n memb$" ,rgn= ,rgn "$b$( .i" men7%i r$&. %n &ering.+i ber.ib" 8"+ %n "er+mb") S+( S+( &"$ &"$ -r,&e& -r,&e& -eng,+( -eng,+(n n ir &e4r 8i&i. %+( %engn %engn reverse osmosis 9RO' %imn ir %im$rni.n %im$rni.n %ri -eng,",r=-eng,",r=-eng," eng,",rn3 ,rn3) ) Air min$m 3ng %i(&i+.n %i(&i+.n ,+e( RO ini %+( ir m$rni %n &e(" &e(ingg "i%. -er+$ %im&. +gi) Air 3ng ber&i( %n &e(" 7e+& .n mem-erbi.i &i&"em .e.eb+n "$b$( .i" .ren %i%+mn3 "i%. % +gi <"=<" 3ng berb(3 "erm&$. >ir$& "$ b."eri' "$-$n be.&=be.&n3)
1.2 T"#"a "#"a
A%-$n "$7$n 3ng ingin %i4-i -% -er4,bn ini %+(: 1) Mem-e+7ri Mem-e+7ri -r,&e& -r,&e& -emi&( -emi&(n n ."i,n %engn %engn -r,&e& -r,&e& Reverse Osmosis 2) Mene Menen" n"$. $.n n ni+i ni+i T*S' T*S' *HL *HL %n %n L7$ L7$ A+ir A+ir -% -% +ir +irn n -erm -erme" e" %n %n .,n& .,n&en en"r "r"" &e+m -r,&e& Reverse -r,&e& Reverse Osmosis ber+ng&$ng Osmosis ber+ng&$ng ) Mene Menen n"$. "$.n ; Reject %ri %ri -r,&e& Reverse -r,&e& Reverse Osmosis ) Memb Membn n%i %ing ng. .n n (&i (&i++ -er4 -er4,b ,b n n -r,& -r,&e& e& Reverse Osmosis -% -% "e.n "e.nn n 3ng 3ng berbe%
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Pr,&e& Osmosis %+( -r,&e& -er-in%(n m&& -e+r$" 9 solvent me++$i -,ri %+m 8i+"er "$ membrn &emi-ermebe+ %ri +r$"n 9 solution 3ng ber.,n&en"r&i ren%( .e +r$"n 9 solution 3ng ber.,n&en"r&i "inggi) Se%ng.n -r,&e& Reverse Osmosis %+( -r,&e& -er-in%(n m&& +r$"n 9 solution me++$i -,ri %+m 8i+"er "$ membrn &emi-ermebe+ %engn mengg$n.n driving force ber$- -erbe%n "e.nn 3ng me+ebi(i "e.nn ,&m,&i&n3) Te.nn 3ng %ig$n.n %+( "e.nn (i%r,&""i& ) Membrn &emi-ermebe+ 3ng %ig$n.n -% reverse osmosis %i&eb$" membrn reverse osmosis 9membrn RO) Membrn RO memi+i.i $.$rn -,ri ? 1 nm) Kren $.$rn -,rin3 3ng &ng" .e4i+' membrn RO %i&eb$" 7$g membrn "i%. ber-,ri) Membrn RO bi&n3 %ig$n.n $n"$. -eng,+(n ir' &e-er"i -eng,+(n ir min$m' %e&+in&i ir +$"' %n -eng,+(n +imb( 4ir) S" ini membrn RO 7$g bn3. %ig$n.n -% -r,&e& -eng,+(n ir i&i $+ng)
$ara Ker#a Reverse Osmosis
Seb$( membrn &emi-ermebe+' &e-er"i (+n3 membrn 3ng "er&$&$n %ri %in%ing= %in%ing &e+ "$ &e-er"i &$&$nn &e+ -% .n"$ng .emi(' ber&i8" &e+e."i8 "er(%- ben%= ben% 3ng .n me++$in3) Um$mn3 membrn ini &ng" m$%( $n"$. %i++$i ,+e( ir .ren $.$rn m,+e.$+n3 3ng .e4i+' "-i 7$g men4eg( .,n"minn=.,n"minn +in 3ng men4,b me++$in3) Sebgi -er4,bn' ir %ii&i.n %i .e%$ &i&i membrn' %imn ir %i &+( &"$ &i&in3 memi+i.i -erbe%n .,n&en"r&i miner+=miner+ "er+r$"' .ren ir memi+i.i &i8" ber-in%( %ri +r$"n ber.,n&en"r&i ren%( men$7$ +r$"n ber.,n&en"r&i +ebi( "inggi' m. ir .n ber-in%( 9ber%i8$&i me++$i membrn %ri &i&i .,n&en"r&i ren%( .e &i&i .,n&en"r&i 3ng +ebi( "inggi) Se(ingg' "e.nn ,&m,"i. .n me+!n -r,&e& %i8$&i %n .n "erben"$. .e&e"imbngn)
Pr,&e& Re>er&e O&m,&i& mengger..n ir %ri .,n&en"r&i .,n"minn 3ng "inggi 9&ebgi ir b.$ men$7$ -enm-$ngn ir 3ng memi+i.i .,n&en"r&i .,n"minn &ng" ren%() *engn mengg$n.n ir ber"e.nn "inggi %i &i&i ir b.$' &e(ingg %-" men4i-".n -r,&e& 3ng ber+!nn 9re>er&e %ri -r,&e& +mi( ,&m,&i&) *engn "e"mengg$n.n membrn &emi=-ermeb+e m. (n3 .n mengi7in.n m,+e.$+ ir 3ng me++$in3 %n memb$ng berm4m=m4m .,n"minn 3ng "er+r$") Pr,&e& &-e&i8i. 3ng "er7%i %inm.n i,n e.&.+$&i' %imn &e7$m+( i,n -% -erm$.n membrn &ebgi &eb$( -emb"& mengi7in.n m,+e.$+=m,+e.$+ ir $n"$. me++$in3 &eiring me+e-& &$b&"n&i=&$b&"n&i +in)
Membrn &emi=-ermeb+e %i !+=!+ -er4,bn ,&m,&i& ber&+ %ri .n"$ng .emi( bbi) Sebe+$m "($n 1@60' membrn=membrn 7eni& ini %ini+i &ng" "i%. e8i&ien' m(+' %n "i%. (n%+ $n"$. -engg$nn -+i.&i ,&m,&i& %i+$r +b,r",ri$m) #(n=b(n &in"e"i. m,%ern' mm-$ meme4(.n m&+( ini' memb$" membrn men7%i +ebi( e8e."i8 %+m meng(i+ng.n .,n"minn' %n memb$"n3 +ebi( .$" $n"$. men(n "e.nn ir 3ng +ebi( be&r &ebgi e8i&ien&i -eng,-er&in)
P% -r,&e& -emi&(n mengg$n.n RO' membrn .n meng+mi -er$b(n .ren memm-" %n men3$mb" 98,$+ing) Pemm-"n "$ 8+$.& mer,&," i"$ &er$- %engn -er3-n -+&"i./+,gm .e"i. "er.en bebn "egngn .,m-re&i) M.in be&r "e.nn %n &$($ bi&n3 membrn m.in mm-" %n men7%i "i%. re>er&ib+e) N,rm+n3 membrn be.er7 -% &$($ 21=5 %er7" e+4i$&) ,$+ing membrn %-" %i.ib".n ,+e( <"=<" %+m ir b.$ &e-er"i .er.' -engen%-n .,+,i%' ,.&i% +,gm' b(n ,rgni. %n &i+i.) O+e( &ebb i"$ 4irn 3ng m&$. .e -r,&e& reverse osmosis (r$& "erbeb& %ri -r"i.e+= -r"i.e+ be&r gr "i%. mer$&. membrn) P% -r."e.n3' 4irn &ebe+$m m&$. .e -r,&e& reverse osmosis %i+.$.n &erng.in -eng,+(n "er+ebi( %($+$' bi&n3 %i+.$.n pre-treatment %engn .,g$+&i %n 8+,.$+&i 3ng %i+n7$".n %engn %&,rb&i .rb,n ."i8 %n mi.r,8i+"r&i) P% &$"$ &" membrn .n men7%i .,",r &ebgi .ib" %ri %n3 m"eri+= m"eri+ 3ng "i%. bi& +e!") H+ ini 3ng men3ebb.n "er&$mb"n3 membrn) K,",rn 3ng "erben"$. g$m-+n .,",rn' .er. "$ (&i+ -r,&e& (i%r,+i&) Un"$. mengemb+i.n .e .,n%i&i &em$+ %i+.$.n -ember&i(n %engn mengg$n.n +r$"n -ember&i( 3ng .($&$&) #(n ini bi& me+r$".n .,",rn "e"-i "i%. mer$&. membrn 3ng bi&n3 "erb$" %ri en
A%l&ka'& Pe!!"aa Reverse Osmosis
#er- -+i.&i -engg$nn reverse osmosis %+m in%$&"ri : *e&+in&i 9desalination ir -3$ 9brackish %n ir +$" 9 sea water • *eminer+i&&i $n"$. ir $m-n b,i+er 9 Boiler Feed Water • Pemi&(n -r,"ein %ri whe • !reatment .($&$& $n"$. in%$&"ri .imi' m.nn' "e.&"i+ %n .er"& Per>-,r&i 9 pervarporation' mi&+n3 -ermi&(n +.,(,+=ir Peet"a K(e)&'&e Rejection
Sem.in be&r "e.nn' m. ir 3ng %i(&i+.n %ri -r,&e& -emi&(n .n &em.in m$rni 9.%r grm "$ <" "er+r$" &em.in .e4i+) Un"$. menen"$.n .eber(&i+n -r,&e& -emi&(n %engn 4r "er&eb$"' m. %-" %i+.$.n %engn 4r menen"$.n .,e8i&ien re7e4"i,n 9R 3ng men3".n ($b$ngn n"r .,n&en"r&i "$ .%r grm %i +irn influent %n %i +irn effluent 9-erme" 3ng %i"$+i& &ebgi beri.$": R =
Cm −Cp "$ Cm
%R
Cm Cp × 100 Cm −
=
*engn: m B .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" %i +irn in8+$en - B .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" %i +irn -erme")
Sem.in be&r ni+i R' m. -r,&e& -emi&(n &em.in bi.' r"in3 -erme" &em.in m$rni) E8i&ien&i -en3i&i(n membrn RO 3ng "inggi men3ebb.n "er7%in3 -en3i&i(n miner+=miner+ +mi -% ir b.$) Miner+=miner+ +mi ini "i%. (n3 memberi.n r& 3ng en. -% ir "e"-i 7$g membn"$ 8$ng&i >i"+ &i&"em "$b$() Air min$m .n .$rng &e(" bgi "$b$( -bi+ .$rng mengn%$ng miner+=miner+ ini) *engn ." +in' ir m$rni 3ng %i(&i+.n ,+e( membrn RO "i%. &e(" bgi "$b$()
Membrn RO memi+i.i .e"erb"&n %+m -eng,-er&inn3' %i n"rn3: • • • •
!ekanan air baku n"r 0 C D0 -&ig 900 C 1)000 -&i) "ekeruhan air baku "i%. b,+e( +ebi( %ri 1 NTU) p# operasi ber.i&r n"r C 11) !$S air baku "i%. b,+e( +ebi( %ri 5)000 --m) Ni+i T*S 3ng +ebi( "inggi .n
•
men$r$n.n .e4e-"n -r,%$.&i) Suspended Solid air baku 9%in3".n %engn S*I' Salt $ensit %nde&' (r$&
•
.$rng %ri 5) Sisa klor air baku (r$& n,+ 90)
BAB III METODOLOGI
*.1 Alat +a Ba,a
A+": 1) 2) ) ) 5)
Ember Ge+& Kimi 50 mL Ge+& U.$r 1 L Se-erng." A+" Reverse Osmosis T*S %n *HL=me"er
#(n: 1) Air .rn 2) Ti&&$e
*.2 $ara Ker#a
Memeriksa semua aliran (infuent , permeat dan konsentrat)
Membuka semua valve di aliran infuent
Menyalakan mesin RO
Mengukur !"S, "#$ dan %olume di aliran permeat dan konsentrat setiap & menit selama '0 menit
Mengukur !"S dan "#$ di infuent
Mengatur tekanan pada 100 mPa atau 0,68 PS
Menampung permeat dalam bak penampungan
Membuang konsentrat ke saluran pembuangan
Mengulangi perobaan pada tekanan 10 mPa atau 0,*0 PS
BAB IV PENGOLAHAN DATA -.1 Data Pe!aata
Um-n 9ir .rn T*S : 1@1 mg/L *HL : 0'26 mS/4m )1)1 Te.nn 102 mP "$ 0'D0 PSI
+aktu (menit ) 0 10 0 '0 .0 &0 60 *0 80 0 Rata/ Rata
Permeat
p# onsentr at
/ 1'& 1. 1'& 1& 10 1& 1& 110 1&
6,&8 6,* 6,1* 6,* 6,1* 6,1& 6,06 6,0 *,0 *,16
6,. 6,88 6,*& 6, 6,1. 6,1& 6,16 6,1& *,0 *,1'
11,.
6,.'
6,&*
p# Permea t
p# onsentr at
6,&8 6,* 6,1* 6,* 6,1* 6,1& 6,06 6,0 *,0
6,. 6,88 6,*& 6, 6,1. 6,1& 6,16 6,1& *,0
onsentrat
. 1 11 8 8
"#$ (mS- m) 0,0'. 0,01 0,01& 0,01. 0,01. 0,01. 0,01. 0,01 0,01 0,01
%olume (m$)-1& s / 10 & & 100 8& 8& 110 80 0
10,8
0,016
8.,
!"S (mg-$)
p# Permea t
''1 8' 81 6 6 * 8' *8 61 *0
"#$ (mS-m ) 0,.68 0,.1* 0,.' 0,.0& 0,.0 0,.10 0,.& 0,.1* 0,'1 0,.0.
*,*
0,.16
!"S (mg-$)
%olume (m$)-1& s
)1)2 Te.nn 102 mP "$ 0'D0 PSI
+aktu (menit ) 0 10 0 '0 .0 &0 60 *0 80
Permeat !"S (mg-$) . 1 11 8
"#$ (mS- m) 0,0'. 0,01 0,01& 0,01. 0,01. 0,01. 0,01. 0,01 0,01
onsentrat %olume (m$)-1& s 60 10 & & 100 8& 8& 110 80
!"S (mg-$) ''1 8' 81 6 6 * 8' *8 61
"#$ (mS-m ) 0,.68 0,.1* 0,.' 0,.0& 0,.0 0,.10 0,.& 0,.1* 0,'1
%olume (m$)-1& s 10 1'& 1. 1'& 1& 10 1& 1& 110
0 Rata/ Rata
8
0,01
0
*0
0,.0.
1&
0,018
1*'0
''0,1.
0,.8*
''
-.2 Per,&t"!a )2)1 L7$ +ir
Lajualir ( mL / menit )=
Volume ( mL) Waktu ( menit )
'()() * Reject ( TDS akhir TDS awal ) Reject × 100 TDS awal −
=
-.* Data Ha'&l Per,&t"!a ))1 Te.nn 102 mP "$ 0'D0 PSI +aktu (menit) 0
$au alir (m$-menit) Permea onsentr t at / /
2 Reet 8*,.'.&&
10
.08
&.0
',*1*8
0
'80
.6
.,.08.
'0
'80
&.0
&,8*6
.0
.00
&00
&,8*6
&0
'.0
.80
&,8*6
60
'.0
&00
&,8*6
*0
..0
&00
&,8*6
80
'0
..0
&,811&
0
'60
&00
&,811&
..,&6
.,'.&&&
Rata/Rata '*0,.8
))2 Te.nn 102 mP "$ 0'D0 PSI +aktu (menit) 0 & 10 1& 0 & '0
$au alir (m$-menit) Permea onsentr t at / / '*0 .88 '68 .80 '6 .8. '66 .8 '66 .8. '6. .86
2 Reet .,6 .,6 .,6 &,0* &,0* .,6 .,6
*,16
*,1'
Rata/Rata
'66
.8.
.,*&
-.- Data Per/a+&!a Ha'&l Reverse Osmosis Pa+a Tekaa 100 Pa +a 102 Pa 3ilai Rata/Rata !ekana n (mPa) 100 10
Permeat !"S (mg-$)
"#$ (mS-m)
1,&*1. 11,*1.'
0,018 0,01*.
2 Reet
onsentrat $au 4lir (m$-men it) '.6 '66
!"S (mg-$)
"#$ (mS-m)
''0,1. ''8,8&*
0,.8* 0,&0*0
$au 4lir (m$-men it) .*8,6* .8.
.,'6 .,*&
-.5 Gra)&k Per/a+&!a Ha'&l Reer'e O'('&' Pa+a Tekaa 100 Pa +a 102 Pa ))1 Perme" T*S
ra7k !"S !eradap +aktu Pada Permeat 1'5& 1' 15& 1
100 mPa
!"S (mg-$) 115&
10 mPa
11 105& 10
0
&
10
1&
0
&
'0
'&
+aktu (menit)
b *HL
ra7k "#$ !eradap +aktu Pada Permeat 0501 0500 0501 100 mPa
"#$ (mS-m) 05018
10 mPa
0501* 05016 0501&
0
&
10
1&
0
+aktu (menit)
&
'0
'&
))2 K,n&en"r" T*S
ra7k !"S !eradap +aktu Pada onsentrat '.& '.0 ''& ''0
100 mPa
!"S (mg-$) '&
10 mPa
'0 '1& '10
0
&
10
1&
0
&
'0
'&
+aktu (menit)
b *HL
ra7k "#$ !eradap +aktu Pada onsentrat 05&0 05&1& 05&10 05&0& 100 mPa
"#$ (mS-m) 05&00
10 mPa
05.& 05.0 05.8& 05.80
0
&
10
1&
0
+aktu (menit)
&
'0
'&
'('(+ Reject
ra7k Reetion !eradap +aktu &50 &500 .580 .560 100 mPa
Reet (2) .5.0
10 mPa
.50 .500 '580 '560
0
&
10
1&
0
+aktu (menit)
&
'0
'&
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN DAN KESIMPULAN
-.1 Pe/a,a'a K"'a+& NIM. 121-11015 P% -er4,bn ini' -r,&e& reverse osmosis %i+.$.n "er(%- ir b.$ 3ng
mer$-.n ir .rn %i Lb,r",ri$m Pi+," P+n" Ge%$ng Te.ni. Kimi A' P,+i"e.ni. Negeri #n%$ng) A+" $"m 3ng %ig$n.n %+( $ni" 8i+"r&i 3ng "er%iri %ri beber- "b$ng beri&i 8i+"er %n $ni" reverse osmosis 3ng "er%iri %ri %$ "b$ng .e4i+ beri&i membrn &emi-ermebe+) Uni" 8i+"r&i %i-&ng &ebe+$m $ni" reverse osmosis &$-3 .er7 3ng %i+.$.n $ni" reverse osmosis "i%. "er++$ ber"' .ren %engn %emi.in -eng,",r 3ng $.$rn -r"i.e+n3 be&r .n "er&ring ,+e( $ni" 8i+"r&i) H+ ini .n mem-er-n7ng !."$ -.i membrn &emi-ermebe+ -% $ni" reverse osmosis) Per4,bn %i+.$.n %engn "e.nn 3ng &e%i.i" berbe%' 3i"$ 100 %n 102 mP "$ 0'6 %n 0'D0 PSI) H&i+ -er4,bn men$n7$..n b(! -r,&e& reverse osmosis 3ng "e+( %i+.$.n "er&eb$" ber(&i+ meng(&i+.n -erme" 3ng ni+i T*S %n *HLn3 +ebi( ren%( %ri ir b.$ %n .,n&en"r" 3ng ni+i T*S %n *HLn3 +ebi( "inggi %ri ir b.$ %engn ni+i ; reject 3ng +ebi( %ri @0 ;) Ni+i T*S %n *HL -% meni" .e=5 (ingg meni" .e=0 4en%er$ng 8+$."$"i8 %n "i%. 7$( berbe%) H+ ini %i.ren.n !."$ -r,&e& reverse osmosis "i%. "er++$ ber-engr$( "er(%- ni+i T*S %n *HL) H&i+ -eng$.$rn Per4,bn 3ng %i+.$.n -% "e.nn 102 mP "$ 0'D0 PSI memberi.n (&i+ 3ng +ebi( bi.) #$."in3 %-" %i+i(" %ri ni+i T*S %n *HL bi. -% -erme" m$-$n .,n&en"r") Se+in %ri ni+i T*S %n *HL' -erbn%ingn (&i+ -r,&e& reverse osmosis 7$g %-" %i+i(" %ri ni+i ; reject =n3) #eri.$" %+( -erbn%ingn (&i+ -er4,bn 3ng "e+( %i+.$.n "er&eb$":
!ekanan (mPa) 100 10
3ilai Rata/Rata Permeat onsentrat !"S "#$ !"S "#$ (mg-$) (mS-m) (mg-$) (mS-m) 1,&*1. 0,018 ''0,1. 0,.8* 11,*1.' 0,01*. ''8,8&* 0,&0*0
2 Reet
.,'6 .,*&
Perbn%ingn (&i+ -er4,bn %i "& men$n7$..n (&i+ 3ng &e&$i %engn "e,ri 3ng men3".n b(! &em.in "inggi "e.nn' m. &em.in be&r ni+i ; reject = n3' &em.in bi. -r,&e& -emi&(nn3 %n &em.in m$rni ir 9-erme" 3ng %i(&i+.n %ri -r,&e& reverse osmosis "er&eb$")
-.2 Ke'&%"la 1) H&i+ -er4,bn: 3ilai Rata/Rata !ekana n (mPa)
Permeat !"S (mg-$)
1,&*1 . 11,*1. 10 ' 100
"#$ (mS- m)
2 Reet
onsentrat
0,018
$au 4lir (m$-meni t) '.6
0,01*.
'66
!"S (mg-$) ''0,1. ''8,8& *
"#$ (mS- m)
$au 4lir (m$-meni t)
0,.8*
.*8,6*
0,&0*0
.8.
.,'6 .,*&
2) Ni+i T*S %n *HL %i +irn -erme" +ebi( .e4i+ %ri ni+i T*S %n *HL %i +irn influent ) ) Ni+i T*S %n *HL %i +irn .,n&en"r" +ebi( be&r %ri ni+i T*S %n *HL %i +irn influent ) ) Sem.in "inggi "e.nn' m. &em.in be&r ni+i ; reject =n3' &em.in bi. -r,&e& -emi&(nn3 %n &em.in m$rni ir 9-erme" 3ng %i(&i+.n %ri -r,&e& reverse osmosis)
LAMPIRAN Per"n3n: 1) Gmbr.n &.em -er+"n Si&"em Reverse Osmosis 3ng %ig$n.n $n"$. -er4,bn "er&eb$" %n +eng.-i %engn >+>e 9.rn %n +inn3 2) Hi"$ng ; re7e4" 9; R %n "be+.n &er" %ib(& %engn &ing." %n 7e+& ) Per.ir.n ($b$ngn n"r .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" 3ng %in3".n *HL %n T*S ) Je+&.n &e4r &ing." %n 7e+&' meng- %i +irn -erme"' .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" "i%. %-"/&$+i" %i(&i+.n (rg ren%( "$ men%e."i n,+ 5) U&( - gr .%r <" "er+r$" %i +irn -erme" %i(&i+.n T*S "$ *HL &e.e4i+ m$ng.inF 6) Je+&.n 8$ng&i m&ing=m&ing .,+,m 9"b$ng %+m &i&"em RO "er&eb$" J!bn: 1) S.em Si&"em Reverse Osmosis
2) Reject
=
( TDS akhir TDS awal ) −
TDS awal
× 100
Tbe+ (&i+ -er(i"$ngn +aktu (menit) 0 & 10 1& 0 & '0 Rata/Rata
2 Reet 100 10 mPa mPa .,1* .,6 .,1* .,6 .,6 .,6 .,6 &,0* .,1* &,0* .,1* .,6 .,6 .,6 .,'6 .,*&
Ni+i ; reject men$n7$..n bn3.n3 7$m+( -r"i.e+/i,n 3ng "er"(n ,+e( membrn &emi-ermebe+)%n .em$%in .e+$r ber&m +irn .,n&en"r") O+e( .ren i"$' ni+i ; reject %i-engr$(i ,+e( ni+i T*S 3ng "er%-" -% influent %n +irn -erme") Se-er"i 3ng %-" %i+i(" -% "b+e %i "&' ni+i ; reject ber.i&r n"r @'62 ; (ingg @5'0D ;) ) H$b$ngn .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$"
ra7k !"S vs "#$ onsentrat Pada !ekanan 10 mPa &0 &1& &10 &0&
"#$ (9S-m) &00 .& .0 .8& ''0
''
''.
''6
''8
'.0
'.
'..
!"S (mg-$)
Se4r gri& be&r' %ri %" -engm"n %-" %i+i(" b(! ($b$ngn 9.,re+&i n"r .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" 9T*S %n *HL memben"$. -er&mn +inier) Sem.in be&r ni+i T*S' m. &em.in be&r -$+ ni+i *HLn3' begi"$ -$+ %engn &eb+i.n3) H+ ini .ren *HL 3ng "er$.$r mer$-.n .e-$n3n T*S' %imn dissolved solid "er&eb$" mer$-.n -r"i.e+ 3ng mm-$ meng(n"r.n r$& +i&"ri. 9i,n)
) Kn%$ngn <" "er+r$" %engn ni+i 3ng &ng" ren%( "$ men%e."i n,+ i"$ berr"i b(! &e+$r$( <" "er+r$" "er"(n ,+e( membrn &emi-ermebe+) P% .en3"nn3' "i%. &em$ <" "er+r$" %-" "er"(n) " "er+r$" 3ng "i%. "er"(n %n +,+,& %ri membrn &emi-ermebe+ "er&eb$" %+( <" "er+r$" 3ng memi+i.i $.$rn -r"i.e+ 3ng &ng" .e4i+' +ebi( .e4i+ %ri $.$rn -,ri=-,ri membrn &emi-ermebe+) *i +irn -erme" bi& &7 %i(&i+.n .,n&en"r&i <" "er+r$" %engn ni+i (rg ren%( "$ men%e."i n,+) H+ ini "er7%i 7i. $.$rn -r"i.e+ %ri &em$ <" "er+r$" +ebi( .e4i+ %ri $.$rn -,ri=-,ri membrn &emi-ermebe+) 5) Agr .%r <" "er+r$" %i +irn -erme" %i(&i+.n T*S "$ *HL &e.e4i+ m$ng.in' -er+$ %i+.$.n: Pember&i(n membrn %n me%i 8i+"er RO 3ng "er%-" -% $ni" RO &e4r ber.+ gr -eng,",r 3ng "er&ring "i%. mengen%- %n men3$mb" membrn &e(ingg men3ebb.n ni+i T*S %n *HL "inggi) b ,re-treatment 9mi&+n3 : .,g$+&i' 8+,.$+&i' &e%imen"&i %n 8i+"r&i -% ir &ebe+$m m&$. $ni" reverse osmosis gr bebn .er7 +" "i%. ber+ebi(n &e(ingg +" 3ng %ig$n.n "i%. 4e-" r$&. %n -en3ringn 3ng "er7%i %i membrn %-" benr=benr meng$rngi .%r <" "er+r$" 3ng % %+m +irn ir -erme" %n .,n&e"r") 6) $ng&i %ri m&ing=m&ing .,m-,nen %+(: a $artr&+!e : men3ring -r"i.e+ 3ng be&r &e-er"i .,",rn' +$m-$r' -&ir' %eb$' .r"' b(n mi.r,' .-$r) b $ar/( +a 3,l(r : mengemb+i.n r& %n meng(i+ng.n b$ ". &e%- &e(ingg meng(&i+.n ir %engn r& +mi) 4 $ar/( )<er : &ebgi &e%imen 10 mi.r,n %n .rb,n ."i8 3ng men3er- b$' !rn' r& ". &e%-' b(n .imi ,rgni. %n .+,rin %+m "(- +n7$"n) % S&l&ka )<er : meng(i+ng.n .n%$ngn +$m-$r "$ "n( %n &e%imen -% ir) e Reer'e ('('&' : memb$ng &e+$r$( -en4emrn .imi' b."eri %n >ir$& (ingg "ing." "er.e4i+ 1/10000 mi.r,n' &e(ingg meng(&i+.n ir m$rni)
DA4TAR PUSTAKA
i.i-e%i) Reverse Osmosis) (""-://en)!i.i-e%i),rg/!i.i/Re>er&e,&m,&i&) 2D O.",ber 201 i.i-e%i) O&m,&i& Terb+i.) (""-://i%)!i.i-e%i),rg/!i.i/O&m,&i&"erb+i. ) 2D O.",ber 201 Sn",&,' Ri,) 200@) A- I"$ Re>er&e O&m,&i&F) (""-://irre>er&e,&m,&i&)!,r%-re&&)4,m/) 2D O.",ber 201 An,nim) 2010) A-.( Si&"em Re>er&e O&m,&i& I"$F) (""-://,&m,&i&!"er)b+,g&-,")4,m/-/-.(=&i&"em=re>er&e=,&m,&i&=r,=i"$)("m+) 2D O.",ber 201 An,nim) 2012) Penger"in O&m,&i& *n ,n",(n3) (""-://gr%= -enge"($n)b+,g&-,")4,m/2012/10/-enger"in=,&m,&i&=%n=4,n",(n3)("m+) 2D O.",ber 201 An,nim) 201) Re>er&e O&m,&i& *n r Ker7n3) (""-://nn,&mr"8i+"er)4,m/"g/4r= .er7=re>er&e=,&m,&i&/) 2D O.",ber 201 E88en%i' He8ni) 2012) !elaah "ualitas ir( ,g3.r" : Penerbi" Kni&i$&) Si%' N$& I%mn *n R$+i&i() 200) Te.n,+,gi Peng,+(n Air Min$m) J.r" : #%n Peng.7in *n Pener-n Te.n,+,gi)