3
A
Research paper
On
A Social Consciousness Identity Development And Contemporary Conundrums In LGBT Community
By
Karan Jajal
A-4020
December 2015
[email protected]
A Research Paper
Submitted To Prof. Shamina Ansari
K.s School of Business Management
Gujarat University
Navarangpura
Ahmedabad
K.S School of Business Management
Gujarat University
Navarangpura
Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Researcher: Karan, Bhupendrabhai Jajal
Title of research paper: a Social Consciousness Identity Development and Contemporary Conundrums in LGBT Community
Location of investigation: Collage hostels, surrounding of Navarangpura and Face book Ids .
Research adviser: Professor Shamina Ansari
Month/year: December, 2015
Number of pages: 55
ABSTRACT
Rationale of proposed research:
Before the last ten years, research on gay and lesbian adolescents has been
Scarce and has focused on the 'coming out' process, mental health issues, and
Stereotypes and discrimination the population encounters. More recently, research has begun to examine school/collage experiences of gay and lesbian youth. Gay and lesbian adolescents face the same developmental challenges as their straight peers do with the added burden of dealing with negative social and psychological school and collage climate experiences that significantly impact their ability to learn. The Human Rights Watch(HRW) (2001), note that gay youth spend a high level of energy planning how to get to and from school /collage safely, avoiding hallways to avoid homophobic slurs, and escape being beaten up in gym class.
Succinctly, gay and lesbian youth learn to become invisible to avoid verbal and physical attacks.
Justification:
The purpose of this paper is to review current literature and research on school/collage climate experiences of gay and lesbian youth as related to peer influences including, gender role conformity, homophobic language, physical harassment, and staff attitudes. An analysis of the literature, limitations of current research, implications for future research, implications for practice, and a summary are also included. A follow-up study based on the literature review has been conducted in November 2015.
Significance and scope of study:
The study will give the required understanding on social identity development and contemporary issued in LGBT community as a subject and will emphasize on its importance in contemporary thinking towards the most neglected community. The outcome of the study will be beneficial for all the stakeholders like –schools/collage students and its staff, organization for policy making and society as whole. This study will help schools collage and organization to design the subject curriculum policies rules and governing laws, panelizes of breaking rules and all regarding acknowledges.
This study will acknowledge the strength of LGBT community people, people will think towards them and their problems. We know that –all surrounding will may not accept suddenly their special existence but with this study they will affected to think towards them and I steadily and gradually may starts to support them and help them towards their issues .
Introduction-concept
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people are more likely to experience intolerance, discrimination, harassment, and the threat of violence due to their sexual orientation, than those that identify themselves as heterosexual. This is due to homophobia (the fear or hatred of homosexuality). Some of the factors that may reinforce homophobia on a larger scale are moral, religious, and political beliefs of a dominant group. In some countries, homosexuality is illegal and punishable by fines, imprisonment, life imprisonment and even the death penalty.
Human sexuality is diversely experienced, and can be fixed or fluid. Male/female sexuality is blurred further with the existence of transgender, transsexual and intersex identified people. Heterosexuality should no longer be assumed; this assumption is called heterosexism. Although many societies have made significant strides in human rights advocacy, LGBT rights struggle to find universal acceptance. The fact that the Universal Declaration for Human Rights, drafted in 1948, does not specifically include sexual orientation allows some people to consider LGBT rights debatable.
Influential international human rights organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch continue to run effective campaigns. In the coming years the major issues for LGBT rights on a global scale will be: eradicating persecution based on sexual orientation; protection in the law from hate crimes and hate propaganda; equal rights and privileges (marriage, common law partnerships, medical-decision making, wills and estates, parenting and adoption) and to work and educate others on homophobia and heterosexism.
They are singled out for physical attack – beaten, sexually assaulted, tortured and killed. And in some 76 countries, discriminatory laws criminalize private, consensual same-sex relationships – exposing individuals to the risk of arrest, prosecution, imprisonment — even, in at least five countries, the death penalty.
Concept of LGBT:
LGBT is an initialize that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. The initialize LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures and is sometimes used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non cisgender instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer and/or are questioning their sexual identity as LGBTQ, recorded since 1996. Whether or not LGBT people openly identify themselves may depend on whether they live in a discriminatory environment, as well as the status of LGBT rights where one lives.
Before the sexual revolution of the 1960s, there was no common non-derogatory vocabulary for non heterosexuality; the closest such term, "third gender", traces back to the 1860s but never gained wide acceptance in the United States. The first widely used term, homosexual, was thought to carry negative connotations and tended to be replaced by homophile in the 1950s and 1960s, and subsequently gay in the 1970s. As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase "gay and lesbian" became more common.
Lesbians who held a more essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor "lesbian" to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist, angry opinions of lesbian feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights. This was soon followed by bisexual and transgender people also seeking recognition as legitimate categories within the larger community.
Review of literature study:
LGBT has become a widely accepted designation for minorities based on sexual and gender orientation. All members of these subgroups are subject to similar prejudices rooted in beliefs and traditions about sexuality and gender. LGBT people, as members of a social minority group, are suffering from various forms of socioeconomic and cultural injustice. The lacks of social recognition has an effect on the capacity of LGBT people to fully access and enjoy their rights as citizens. They are more likely to experience intolerance, discrimination, harassment, and the threat of violence due to their sexual orientation, than those that identify themselves as heterosexual. Highlighting some major problems faced by LGBT people across the world is the theme of this article.
By Chatterjee Subhrajit
Researcher, Dept. of Sociology (The University of Burdwan) and Teacher (Sociology), Usatpur S. High School,
East Medinipur, W.B., India
This research paper analysis the homosexual marriages in the indian context as an invisible conflict which is successfully kept under cover. It also attempts to describe and explain various aspects of homosexuality including the evolution, the reasons, the societal attitude and reactions towards such relations. The author also draws insight from the countries where homosexual marriages are legalized and also highlights their outcome out of legalizing homosexual relations. At the end taking fair and strong arguments both in favors and in against the author concludes about the possibility of legalizing homosexual marriages in India based on empirical and theoretical facts and evidences.
Homosexuality In India – The Invisible Conflict
Anuradha Parasar
Department of Policy Science,
National Law University,
N.H.-65, Nagour Road,
Mandore, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
This study focused specifically on the impact of religious commitment, previous training, and race in regards to homophobic and transphobic attitudes. Of those variables, religious commitment and race were found to be significantly correlated to these attitudes. It has also become clear that the effects of training must be more closely scrutinized in terms of how it impacts social worker attitudes and perceptions. This information, in conjunction with the best practices and guidelines set forth by the NASW and the CWLA, will give agencies and individual practitioners the tools needed to truly advocate for LGBT youth who find themselves in their care.
By
LOUISIANA SOCIAL WORKERS:
A STUDY ON ATTITUDES TOWARD LGBT YOUTH
Rachel O'Pry
B.A., Louisiana State University, 2010
May 2012
Queering Indian sociology
A critical engagement
Pushpesh Kumar
The paper is an attempt towards queering Indian sociology by incorporating the perspective of the hitherto ignored 'publics'- the sexual minorities- whose lives are waiting to be recognized as a 'sub-field' in South Asian Sociology. It also dispels the myth that alternative sexual orientation is a purely western idea and issues of 'erotic justice' are alien to Indian and South Asian cultures. Further, queering here is not equated with only protests through queer art, avant-garde experimentation and life-style identity politics but includes a 'critical sexuality perspective' which foregrounds experiences of subaltern sexual subjects like 'working class lesbians', hijras and kothis to map the agenda of sexual transformation and erotic justice. In this sense, the LGBT movement has to be critiqued for not engaging with the issue of caste and class. The paper seeks to broader the concept of 'erotic justice' by delineating and emphasizing its connections with class, caste and global politics of sexual liberation.
ANCHORAGE LGBT DISCRIMINATION SURVEY:
FINAL REPORT
by
Melissa S. Green
The Anchorage LGBT Discrimination Survey came about as a result of a perceived need for quantifiable data on the incidence of discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in the Municipality of Anchorage. It represents the first effort since the late 1980s to compile rigorous data about the incidence of sexual orientation bias and discrimination in Anchorage and the first effort ever to document Anchorage or Alaska-specific data about discrimination and bias on the basis of gender identity and expression. The Anchorage LGBT Discrimination Survey was conducted in January through March; 2011Its key findings on the violence, intimidation, and discrimination experienced in the Municipality of Anchorage by its 268 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender respondents were previously reported in the preliminary report (Green, 2011).
Research gap identification: - My view point about above reviews:
If we talking about chatterjee subhrajit's research we more of found that his talking is about only problem faces by LGBT community before that once should understand means I m talking about general public if they are ready to accept LGBT personality then half of the issue been vanish automatically so that point is lacking in that and also his research is more of international means across the world that may not be true for Indian LGBT community context.
In paper of Anuradha Parasar "The invisible conflict she has taken theme of social awareness about homosexual marriage in geographical location of Mandore Rajasthan and also only law studying student as target for research. The general public awareness point is missing I must say again that without collective bargaining nothing will be out come and community will be remain in deprived.
Rachel O'Pry research is about the religious training and about the race from where actually they belong on that variable attitude she has develop the thesis of social work force identity in that she has describe various hypotheses to come out as which is the main variable that play significant role in the homosexual in Louisiana state. So what I believe actually for her thesis that it is nice topic and also most neglected aspect to understand from point of LGBT community but in Indian context not much work done on that part also because the law is not governing any kind of support and the people really don't want to discuss either.
"Queering Indian sociology" by Puspesh Kumar, in that the research is based on true psychological aspect from caste, global political and class of LGBT community persona, in his writing more is about descriptive type, quoted more of people finding and writing. Purely based on theory kind aspect is look only good for reading purpose only may be it affect the sum of percentage of individual in Indian context because off the current status quo of community but the thing is that now people really doesn't matter that from which class , community and caste you belong .
In LGBT discrimination survey report, Melissa S. Green specifically focused on the discrimination part of Alaska State's LGBT community people in terms of job, at home, in society and where the possibility is. So Indian scenario most problem is nobody want to talk about the discrimination part either from society as well LGBT community but now some reforms comes and people started talking about that but people feel ashamed of it and not coming out as what actually they are and believe.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Objectives of the Research work are as below:
To identify the social identical development awareness among the general public.
To find out the contemporary conundrums of LGBT community in Indian context
Research work
Based on the research objectives, the work has been divided in three phases and they are as below,
Phase 1: Identification of factors and their attributes affecting social identity devolvement questions and qualitative & quantitative analysis.
Phase 2: Identification of expectations and experiences of social awareness development identity questions and qualitative & quantitative analysis.
Phase 3: Quantitative Analysis to the conclusion of research, its recommendations and scope of future research study.
Research design:
The research work is based on the exploratory study of LGBT community people from the point of view of social identity development. The research technique is the blend of Quantitative and Qualitative approaches
A survey method was used to investigate these social identity development and conundrums of LGBT community, and the research design was a combination of comparison of frequencies data and its percentage with the several other factors of questions.
One of the instruments used is Questionnaire which is based on the Inclusive questions of demographics, social awareness LGBT community aspects and issues / problems of community. The instrument that was used to measure level and type of involvement was created specifically for this study and is based in logical aspect to catch the mind of people that what they actually think. The involvement instrument was in the form of a questionnaire that was given to general public and also to the LGBT community people.
This research design was intended to shed light on social awareness and conundrums of community, development and involvement, relate to each other. There were a number of challenges though, that needed to be resolved for this design to work. These challenges involved the population being surveyed, the sampling strategy, and the collection procedure.
Sample
This study surveyed general public, LGBT community people which included the 30 student. The sample consisted of university students in which 11 identify as self as gay, lesbian, transgender bisexuals exploring, and/or questioning; who experienced attraction to the same sex; or who engaged in same-sex behavior and 19 from general public who believe to heterosexual (staight). The sample was obtained from society and also from face book. .
The lesbian identities of students were not studied. It is possible, though, for lesbian student who self identified as lesbian to take this survey. For these participants the study focused on their sexual orientation but not their gender identity. Since lesbian is a type of sexual orientation, it was not covered in this study. The reason for excluding lesbians identities primarily had to do with the lack of target and its difficult to approach them as they never want to come out apart from one or two percentage of whole and assessment instrument to explain the development identity.
Sampling Strategy
The goal of the sampling strategy was to obtain a sample diverse in terms of social identity development and involvement of LGBT community. Multiple challenges are associated with sampling the LGBT population, especially when trying to obtain a representative sample of developmental phases.
The biggest challenge is accessing the population and getting a sufficient response rate. Because of current attitudes towards LGBT individuals as well as the potential discrimination and social isolation associated with being identified as LGBT, this population is difficult to find, hard to reach, and very resistant to identification with their personality.
Another challenge associated with sampling is obtaining a sufficiently diverse
Sample. The goal of this study was to analyze how different levels of identity development relate to the multiple ways of being involved. Though it was speculated that it would be difficult to find students with none to little involvement, a large portion of participants indicated that they were not involved.
In response to these challenges non-probability sampling was used. Specifically, a purposeful and snowball strategy was used. By being purposeful, this normally hard to reach population was surveyed and students from a wide variety of personality were reached. By using a snowball approach, researcher themselves could contact individuals who are not as developed or as involved in a society for social identity development.
Unfortunately, using non-probability sampling limits generalization of the findings. The need to get a sample sufficiently large, however, was considered more important than overall generalization. Even if a random sample approach were used, it would still be very difficult to find a sufficient number of students at the beginning their development.
Sources of information
Sources of information are basically of primary nature that mentions above Para that questionnaire made and fill and analysis the same with the primary base.
To go throughout the study some of reference that are secondarily information has been taken from journals, blogs, articles, newspaper, once research paper and the discussion from multiple people about the subject .
Ethical Concerns and Limitations
Ethical concerns were extremely important in the sampling (and collection) Strategy. Confidentiality was paramount. Fortunately, the memberships of face book are traditionally kept confidential by LGBT community as they seem like normal person.
When personal message/e-mails was sent to these list-serves, the researcher did not have to worry about breaching confidentiality. For mass e-mails that were sent out, though, individual e-mail addresses were kept hidden by using the "blind carbon copy'. All correspondence from participants who expressed an interest in the study or had followed up questions after they had taken the survey was stored in password protected files on one password protected computer.
Another ethical concern was intrusion into the space of the LGBT students. Most students did not want to face to face meetings so I offer them on subscribe to e-mail list-serves to receive support and information about LGBT topics questionnaire. Meetings in particular are intended to be a safe space. It was not the intention of the researcher to disrupt these meetings or to intrude. Therefore, the permission of the students was obtained beforehand as I want to work directly with LGBT students so that outcome would be best to distribute the surveys.
The limitation was that the target is only limited to studying students as limited resource viability. Since the survey was web based and paper based and individuals were asked to forward the respected questionnaire via email it's very likely to get some what good response from web based survey as they feel comfort and confidentiality.
Findings of research
Measures phrase-1
To identify social identity development –factors and its attributes.
Survey's findings as follows:
Gender identity;
Gender identity
Gender
%
Male
73.33
Female
23.33
transgender
3.333
In figure A. there 22 were male respondent that are almost 77%and only 7 were female respondents that are 23% as stated earlier in the study that because of sensitivity of subject female part is negligible and they are only from general public only, only one transgender is identifies as he was very willing to be part of LGBT community study.
In these33.66% persons are identified as LGBT belonging that is no female covers in that, one is identified as transgender and 33.33% respondents are male including gay, bisexuals.
Religious/spiritual affiliation:
Cast
%
Hindu
50
Muslim
23.33333
Jain
10
Shikh
3.333333
Christian
10
Other
3.333333
Figure B. is talking about the religious /spiritual affiliation, from this we can do judge that may be cast also affect as one indicators to the social identity development. In the survey I found that the more influencing cast is Hindu as also because of the limited resource, proper identification it come out as 50% its says that the Hindu classism is more among the social identity development.
From bivariate analysis if we look upon from 33.66% of LGBT community students in that 54.54% are identified as Hindu, 27.27% are identified as Muslim and 18.18% are Christian. So we can say that the most indicator attributes is the Hinduism that means most of the student are belong to the Hindu religious.
Religious service attendance:
Time
%
More than a once/week
16.66667
Once a week
26.66667
Once a month
23.33333
Only spiritual occasion
16.66667
Once in a year
10
Never
6.666667
Figure c. says that from the entire survey 26.66% student says they visit their religious place 'once a week so as indicator attributes it means that its influence comes from who visit a place in a week those they are kind of religious people that govern their characteristic.
Now, if we compare this with LGBT community student we found that 27.27%of student answered that they visit their religious place 'once in a year' so from entire survey if we look upon its contradictory to the same that LGBT community student are no more of religious kind as they just visit the place once in year. So from the prospective of LGBT community it is found that that there is no as such good indication that says about its religious bounded, the LGBT community people it's now we can says that LGBT community is boundless to any such prospects.
Education level:
D.Education level
%
High school
0
Bachelor
16.66667
Master
60
Doctorate degree
23.33333
From the education level we found that the students are involved in master program or may be completed , are 60%respondents that reviles that the samples respondent are well educated to answer the survey. They have grate capability to think towards their and others future prospective. One biggest happiness was that there are 23.33% students are in the doctorate degree that means that understand the LGBT scenario from the benefit prospective mostly doctorate studying students are in favored off to legalize the LGBT community and sec.377 must be removed from Indian constitutions.
I have bi-veritably analyzed this indicator to check, how much level they actually follow. In that it was found that 54.54% student are involved in master program that means that in LGBT community also the education level is high so it can be believed that it's the good sign for future of LGBT community as they are competing to the other world for they survives and recently also many international organization have made their policy in favored of such kind of belonging people as they are good competing to other staff as well. And 18.18% students are found to involve in doctorate program. So this indicator attributes to the good future prospective of LGBT community.
Family status/background:
E.Family status
%
Lower class
6.25
Middle class
43.33333
higher class
11.11111
Family background is found to be 43.33% as middle class that means that the most of the students may be fall under the categories of lower middle class and upper middle class. We can say that due to the sensitivity of subject might it possible that students haven't revile their true family background. We can also conclude that family background as indicator hasn't much importance to them.
But it's the connected to the LGBT community, and we found that there is no any such bifurcation toward family class will prove to prudent in the context of
LGBT communities as both middle and higher class have 45.45% of the LGBT community. So as indicator attribute of family class or background is meaningless to study in LGBT context as anyone can be come out as LGBT belonging there is no restriction from that. As it's the just mind set of people, we can't be put them in as conundrum just because of their family class or background. So from the figure it indicates that there is no correlation toward LGBT community and their family class/background.
Current relationship status:
F.Relationship status
%
Single
73.33333
Married
3.333333
Live in relationship
13.33333
Involved with multiple partner
10
Other
0
From the above figure it can be sensed that all the respondent fall under the single status as all are studying in any program except one respondent. 73.33% respondents are of single status. While 13.33% are of live in relationship status. That is of afterward position of single status.
If we compare with bi-variant of LGBT community, here we can say that 63.63% respondents are of single status and 27.27%are of involved with multiple partners. That means more of LGBT community people towards the single and second one is of multiple partner, that is opposite with the general form.
Current living situation:
Current living situation
%
Alone
0
With spouse
13.33333
Hostel/P.G
43.33333
Family / Guardian
43.33333
Figure G. rivals that most of the respondent's current living situation ether is hostel or with family/guardian, are of 43.33%. If we look upon to the LGBT prospective we found that 54.54% are of from hostel as their current living status. As we know that all the respondents are students belonging and can be sensed that they may be here for just study purpose and it is very prudent for study that they are free to take their own decision. They are their own belongingness to the future life so the sample indicator attributes significant note to the study of this living situation.
Analysis of part-2- This is specifically formed to check the societal consciousness' identity development.
Social recognition of Homosexuality
H. Social recognition of Homosexuality
%
Favor
73.33333
Oppose
3.333333
Neutral
23.33333
Fig. H shows the possibility about the social recognition of Homosexuality in India
The outcome of the all the respondent is that 73.33% favor, 3.33%were oppose and 23.33% were neutral about their answer. So from this we can say that rather than oppose the ideology more of people wanted to be neutral about that.
Homosexual marriage in close relative
I. Homosexual marriage in close relative
%
Accepted
86.66667
Rejected
13.33333
Fig .I shows that 86.66% people accepted Homosexual marriage in their close relative means they are accepted LGBT community people. Only 13.33% respondents have rejected the close marriage in Homosexuals.
In figure H and I that is Homosexuality in social recognition and close relative marriage, the acceptance of Homosexuality in close relative is higher than social recognition and rejection is less than that so we can say that now day because of end no. of factors, the awareness has increases and people want to talk about their issues.
Homosexual marriage among community member
A. Homosexual marriage among community member
%
Favor
80
Oppose
6.666667
Neutral
13.33333
Fig. J states the respondent opinion about Homosexual marriage among community member that is that respondent's acceptance to Homosexual relation among neighbor's friends etc. to theses response are 80% favored, 6.66% oppose and 13.33% were neutral.
Homosexuality for one self when it is illegal:
K. Homosexuality for one self when it is illegal:
%
Yes
0
No
80
Neutral
20
Above chart suggested that 80% of respondent says no to illegal marriage of Homosexuals so that means they are not want to go beyond the law that is not consider normal or punishable act towards the Indian constitution, While 20% people remain neutral toward their response and none of the respondent say yes towards the question so that shows the integrity towards the Indian low.
Legalize of Homosexuality
L. Legalize of Homosexuality
%
Yes
73.33333
No
6.666667
Neutral
20
Fig. L says that 73.33% respondents says yes to legalize the Homosexuality and 20% remain neutral while 6.66% said no towards legalization of Homosexuality. We know that day by day people thinking on this issue and because of the many problems faced by LGBT community people, now reforms has already took place that shows by this graph as highest percentage response is in 'yes' to be legalize Homosexuality.
L.1
L.1 Bi variant of legalization and gender identity
% Yes
% No
% Neutral
Male
60
6.66
6.66
Female
10
0
13.33
transgender
3.33
0
0
Total
0
0
100
In figure L.1 it states that 60% male respondents say yes and 6.66% didn't want to say anything and say 'no'. 10% female say 'yes' and one transgender say 'yes to legalize the Homosexuality.
L.2
L.2 Bi variant of cast and legalization of Homosexuality
% Yes
% No
% Neutral
Hindu
36.66
3.3333
10
Muslim
13.33
0
10
Shikh
3.33
0
0
Jain
3.33
0
6.66
Christian
10
0
0
Total
0
0
3.33
L.2 figure say that Hindu cast people said 'yes' are of highest that is 36.66% ,then of Muslim cast respondents said with 13.33%.6.66% of Jain respondent remain neutral to say anything about legalization of Homosexuality.
Homosexual marriage for one when it is legal:
M. Homosexuality for one self when it is legal
%
Favor
80
Against
20
Fig. M gives the preference of the respondents about the Homosexual marriage for oneself when it is legal. The respondent's entire only80% of the respondents preferred the possibility of Homosexual marriage for oneself when it is legal.
It is believed that Homosexuality even if legalized will never become the normal fact of society. It will be for those have inclination for Homosexuality that they will prefer going for such type of behavior whether Homosexuality is criminalized or decriminalized. Thus legalization of Homosexuality will not be attractive for society because of its abnormality. But the benefit of legalization well be that the Homosexual who are also normal people but with different orientation will not be criminalized on this count.
Rights and benefits to Homosexuals:
N. Rights and benefits of Homosexuals
%
Yes
73.33
No
3.33
Neutral
23.33
As shown in figure N above 73.33% respondents said yes and advocate that homosexual s should also given rights and benefits equivalent to Heterosexuals whereas 3.33% said no and 23.33% were neutral.
Consciousness identity scale :
O. Consciousness identity scale :
[1]%
[2]%
[3]%
[4]%
[5]%
1
36.67
36.67
23.33
3.33
0.00
2
36.67
40.00
20.00
3.33
0.00
3
43.33
33.33
20.00
0.00
3.33
4
43.33
33.33
20.00
0.00
3.33
5
46.67
30.00
20.00
0.00
3.33
6
46.67
26.67
23.33
3.33
0.00
7
46.67
33.33
13.33
3.33
3.33
8
3.33
0.00
6.67
46.67
43.33
9
0.00
3.33
6.67
46.67
43.33
10
0.00
3.33
10.00
33.33
53.33
Table O. says that all the respondent have made in favor of LGBT community reforms. The statement that has been made to check the awareness among the society, we found positive response from the respondent in the 10 statement
Part -3 is specifically made for LGBT community belonging, to check their development identity in terms of LGBT community. General public has also responded for the same part as that shows their support toward LGBT community
Homosexuality ever justify:
P. Homosexuality ever justify
%
Never
76.66667
Always
3.333333
Neutral
20
As shown in figure P. that 76.66% respondents said that it is never justify as expected that 20% respondents remain neutral about any sayings and 3.33% were said always justify but as the current scenario is like that we sensed automatically that Homosexuality never ever justify because of the psychology of society as well as the Indian constitution.
Identify as LGBT community belonging:
O. Identify as LGBT community belonging
%
Yes
36.66667
No
33.33333
Can't say
3.333333
Didn't attend the question
26.66667
Fig. O says that 36.66% respondents were identified as LGBT community belonging while 33.33% were NOT belonging from LGBT community. 3.33% says that it is our privacy matter we can't comment on that so they chosen 'can't say. 26.66% respondent haven't responded to this question that say that may be they are not belongs to LGBT community.
O.1 if LGBT belonging then
To whom you came out as:
O.1 To whom you came out
%
Family
3.333333
Friends
13.33333
co worker
3.333333
Didn't respond
80
Fig . O.1sayinf about those who say 'yes' that means they belong from LGBT community, in that only 20% responded to whom they came out, while 80% do not responded even though they belongs to LGBT community. In that 20%, 13.33% rival themselves to their friend, 3.33% to their family and 3.33% to their co workers.
Sexual orientation:
R. Sexual orientation
%
Gay/Lesbian
16.66667
Bisexual
13.33333
Heterosexual
36.66667
other
3.333333
didn't responded
30
This shows the sexual orientation of respondents. 36.66% were identified as heterosexual means they believe that they are straight and not belong to the
LGBT community, while 16.66% said they are fall under the category of 'Gay/Lesbian 'and 30% respondent didn't seem to prudent to answer their sexual orientation may be just because of their privacy. 13.33% were identified as bisexual means they may be involved with multiple partners or in multiple relationships.
Member of any LGBT community group:
S. member of any LGBT community group
%
Yes
3.333333
No
56.66667
Can't say
13.33333
Didn't respond
26.66667
Fig. S is about those who are part of any LGBT community group in any city. Most of the respondents response in favor of 'No' are of 56.66% from entire survey. In this question also 26.66% haven't seemed to prudent to give answer and 13.33% respondents said they cannot say anything about that may because of their privacy matter or still in India it is not legalized so any the reason can be as we know the psychology of Indian society.
Participation in LGBT community pride:
T. Participation in LGBT community pride
%
Yes
3.333333
No
53.33333
Can't say
16.66667
Didn't respond
26.66667
As shown in diagram T. 53.33% respondents from all said that they haven't take part in any LGBT community pride in any city, 26.66% student as expected didn't response to the question, 16.66% were said that because of our privacy we can't say anything as reason already discussed above. Only 3.33% said they take part in any pride in any city
The recent scenario says that now a days this kind of pride is organized by any of city based LGBT community just because of to fight against their right n benefits towards the constitution. In last 5 year many pride has been organized and also proven to succeed in city like Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bangalore and the hub of this kind of pride Delhi. It is good that due to this more n more awareness come to the society.
On 29,November2015 first LGBT film festival has been organized in the name of 'KASISH' by IIM Ahmedabad for the awareness of the society whole all general interested public where invited on campus of IIM-A.s
Active in social media:
U. Active in social media
%
LGBT%
Face book
36.66667
10
Watsup
50
23.33333
Twitter
6.666667
0
Instagram
6.666667
3.333333
Other
0
0
Figure U is all about the social media active response. The all general respondents said that 50% are more active on 'Watsup' while 36.66% are on Face book and 6.66% are on twitter and Instagram.
From the bivariate analysis if we look upon we find out that those who belong to LGBT community in that 23.33% were identified more active on 'Watsup' and followed by face book is of 10% of LGBT community belonging.
Phrase -2
Contemporary conundrums in LGBT community
Marginalization and Social Exclusion:
Marginalization is at the core of exclusion from fulfilling and full social lives at individual, interpersonal and societal levels. People who are marginalized have relatively little control over their lives and the resources available to them; they may become stigmatized and are often at the receiving end of negative public attitudes. Their opportunities to make social contributions may be limited and they may develop low self-confidence and self esteem and may become isolated. Social policies and practices may mean they have relatively limited access to valued social resources such as education and health services, housing, income, leisure activities and work.
The impacts of marginalization, in terms of social exclusion, are similar, whatever the origins and processes of marginalization, irrespective of whether these are to be located in social attitudes (such as towards impairment, sexuality, ethnicity and so on) or social circumstance (such as closure of workplaces, absence of affordable housing and so on). LGBT individuals may experience multiple forms of marginalization-such as racism, sexism, poverty or other factors – alongside homophobia or transphobia that negatively impact on mental health. The stigma attached to sexual orientation and gender identity or expression that fall outside the expected heterosexual, non-transgender norm relegates many LGBT people to the margins of society
Impact of Exclusion and Discrimination:
The exclusion and discrimination have major impacts on the lives of lesbian, gay and transgender persons. This has resulted in the following:
Dropping out of school earlier
Leaving Home and Family
Unable to find regular jobs, have less options than others.
Being ignored in the community and isolated
Unable to access various services and Unaware of what they are entitled to
Mobility, Move to other areas, (such as the city and urban areas)
Lack of family and social support
Migrate to other countries for seeking safer livelihood and acceptance
Rejected from Religion (Esp. Muslim and some Christian Fundamentalist sects)
Attempt suicide
Decide to follow their parents to marry opposite sex and then divorce.
2.Impact of Family Reactions on LGBT Children: Conflict and Rejection
In the past, very few adolescents ―came out to their families or told others they were gay. Most lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGB) waited until they were adults to talk about their LGB identity with others. Fear of rejection and serious negative reactions kept many LGB adults from openly sharing their lives. Until the 1990s, there were limited resources for LGBT youth. Gay and transgender adolescents had few sources of information to learn about their identity or to find support. More recently, the Internet, school diversity clubs, and LGBT youth groups have helped gay and transgender youth find accurate information, guidance, and support.
With greater access to resources, more LGBT youth are coming out (sharing their gay or transgender identity with friends, family, and other adults) during adolescence. Until recently, little was known about how families react when an LGBT young person comes out during adolescence. And even less was known about how family reactions affect an LGBT adolescent's health and mental health. Families and caregivers have a major impact on their LGBT children's risk and well-being.
Problems of Homelessness:
The myriad problems facing LGBT people who are homeless include a lack of housing and services that meet their specific needs. For example: An estimated 40-50% of the homeless youth living on New York City's streets identify as LGBT. They are living there because they were thrown out of their homes for being queer, or ran away to escape an abusive situation. Family housing in the shelter system across the country is not available for homeless same-sex couples. Transgender people are not allowed to choose with which gender they are more comfortable living in the shelter system.
Abuse and harassment of LGBT homeless people is rampant in the shelter system. Most domestic violence shelters do not accept gay men or transgender people. There has been also a lack of any comprehensive plan for long-term housing for people with AIDS Homeless LGBT youth are without economic support, often engage in drug use and risky sexual behaviors, and often develop mental health disorders.
Problems of Homophobia:
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people are more likely to experience
Intolerance, discrimination, harassment, and the threat of violence due to their sexual orientation, than those that identify themselves as heterosexual. This is due to homophobia. Some of the factors that may reinforce homophobia on a larger scale are moral, religious, and political beliefs of a dominant group. Living in a
Homophobic environment forces many LGBT people to conceal their sexuality, for fear of the negative reactions and consequences of coming out..
Actually there is no single definition for the term homophobia', as it covers a wide range of different viewpoints and attitudes. Homophobia is generally defined as hostility towards or fears of gay people, but can also refer to stigma arising from social ideologies about homosexuality. Negative feelings or attitudes towards non-heterosexual behavior, identity, relationships and community, can lead to homophobic behavior and this is the root of the discrimination experienced by many lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. Homophobia manifests itself in different forms, for example homophobic jokes, physical attacks, discrimination in the workplace and negative media representation. For people who have been brought up to believe that homosexuality is wrong, the realization that they might be gay can cause feelings of shame and self loathing, leading to low self-esteem.
Experiences that could negatively impact mental health:
Hostility from or rejection by loved ones or religious groups
Bullying at school, harassment by neighbors, danger of violence in public places
Casual homophobic comments on everyday basis
Prejudice/embarrassed response from professionals
No protection against discrimination at work, housing, pensions, etc.
Childhood sexual abuse
Verbal harassment, greater fear of physical violence and discrimination.
Drug Addiction of LGBT people:
LGBT people are more likely to use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs
than the general population, are less likely to abstain, report higher rates of substance abuse problems, and are more likely to continue heavy drinking into later life. LGBT's use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs for the same reasons as others, but their likelihood for doing so is heightened by personal and cultural stresses resulting from anti-gay bias.
Reliance on bars for socialization, stress caused by discrimination, and targeted advertising by tobacco and alcohol businesses in gay and lesbian publications are all believed to contribute to increased pressures on LGBT individuals to engage in substance abuse. Internalized homophobia is a form of self-limiting, self-loathing— an important concept to understand in developing substance abuse services for this population.
Victims of hate Crimes and Violence:
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people and those perceived
to be LGBT are regularly targeted as victims of hate crimes and violence. LGBT people experience stigma and discrimination across their life spans, and are targets of sexual and physical assault, harassment and hate crimes. Additional factors that may impact on mental health and well-being for LGBT people include the process of ―coming out (sharing one's LGBTQ identity with others), gender transition, internalized oppression, isolation and alienation, loss of family or social support, and the impact of HIV and AIDS. However, LGBT individuals'experiences of violence and discrimination differ depending on a number of factors including race, gender, income, and immigration status and language barriers. LGBT immigrants are more likely to face violence based on race and ethnicity and/or sexual identity and/or gender identity.
Problems of Terminology:
Problems in language occur when terminology is unclear or when terminology has been associated with negative stereotypes. Problems occur in language
Concerning lesbians, gay men, and bisexual persons when the language is too vague or the concepts are poorly defined. Language may be ambiguous in reference, so that the reader is uncertain about its meaning or its inclusion and exclusion criteria; and the term homosexuality has been associated in the past with deviance, mental illness, and criminal behavior, and these negative stereotypes may be perpetuated by biased language.
The term sexual orientation is preferred to sexual preference for psychological writing and refers to sexual and affection relationships of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual people.
The word preference suggests a degree of voluntary choice that is not necessarily reported by lesbians and gay men and that has not been demonstrated in psychological research. The terms lesbian sexual orientation, heterosexual sexual orientation, gay male sexual orientation, and bisexual sexual orientation are preferable to lesbianism, heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality. The former terms focus on people, and some of the latter terms have in the past been associated with pathology
Coming Out Trends
This study also showed that coming out is happening at an earlier age for younger Students. This finding is understandable considering how much more open society has become on topics related to sexual orientation. This finding may also address an important characteristic of the "Millennial" generation of students coming into higher education. The gay and lesbian students in the generation feel more comfortable about their sexual orientation than previous generations. This change suggests that the needs of gay and lesbian "millennial" may be different than the generations before them. If this is true then higher education needs to make greater strides in determining the needs of these students. Also, future studies may want to separate undergraduates from graduate students and post graduate student to examine them separately.
Implications for Practice
Just like with theory, implications for practice are limited since the data lacks many significant findings. It was found that students in later phases are more interested in social and support LGBT community. Professionals working with lesbian and gay students can use this information to target programs that have support and social components toward students who have an integrated identity. This information can also benefit student leaders as they plan programs for their peers.
For professionals and student leaders to offer better programs, more research needs to occur to better understand why there is an interest in support organizations for individuals in phase four; it needs to be determined what kind of needs and developmental outcomes are needed at these different phases of sexual consciousness identity development. The answers to this question can then shape programming efforts amongst professionals who work directly with LGBT students. This study also showed that more students are arriving at college having not come out but they already possess an integrated sexual identity as tern 'can't say'.
This trend can be helpful for professionals as they realize that the needs of the millennial gay and lesbian students are different from students in previous generations. The issue of coming out to family is less of importance for these younger gay and lesbian students. As one participant pointed out, though, coming out to coworkers is an ongoing process. Coming out to non-family members may still be an issue for younger students as they become more autonomous in the work world.
Identity development may not have explained a significant portion of the variance of time spent with LGBT community students, but most likely other factors could play a part in addition to identity development: time spent on academic work, time spent at a job, living on or off campus, the availability of LGBT organizations, the institutional climate toward lesbian and gay issues, and the dynamics of the LGBT organizations that exist.
Suggestions for Future Research
This study has generated many unanswered questions that should be pursued in
the future. The study also has given insight into sampling procedures for lesbian and gay students and ways to measure lesbian and gay identity development and also it can be studied separately that contemporary issues in LGBT community and social identity development.
Methodological Issues to Consider
In addition to ideas for research, there is clearly a need to improve the methodology related to research with lesbian and gay students. This study experienced many challenges because it lacked a sufficient sample size of individuals in the earlier phases of identity development. Future studies should endeavor to take creative measures in addressing this challenge. The online version of this study was useful in reaching many students, but because of the way the study was advertised (by e-mail), the online survey reached only those students who already had fairly integrated identities. Researchers should consider being more proactive with working with the LGBT community to reach individuals who are not as integrated. The Questionnaires need revision.
The directions of the questionnaire were difficult for participants to follow and also limited the findings of the study. It is possible to reword the directions so that participants can more easily complete the questionnaire. At the same time, the questionnaire can be scored so that correlations can be done for each phase of identity development. For example, the questionnaire could ask the participants to respond affirmatively to all statements that ever applied to them.
This would require a change in how scores are interpreted. Also, the questionnaire reinforced a gender dichotomy by having two different versions of the study (one for gay males, and the other for lesbians). The questionnaire should strive to have inclusive language that addresses the experiences of both gay men and lesbians at the same time. It might be possible to use gender neutral terms.
Conclusion
Overall this study did not produce more insight into the relationship between identity development, level of involvement and conundrums of LGBT community. It did find that type of involvement in LGBT organizations is related to identity development. Those later in identity development tend to prefer social and support type organizations over cultural and educational type organizations. The study also provided insight into identity development theory, how to measure it, and ways to prevent certain flaws in sampling and data analysis in future research.
The study also provided some insight into measuring involvement and found that age, coming out, and identity development are all positively associated with each other. These findings support the concept that development occurs over time, and that for gay and lesbian identity development, coming out can serve as important milestones. This study also shows the contemporary conundrums of LGBT community and the whole theory has been written on that to understand it from societal and LGBT community identity development.
Some Recommendation
1. Support the most marginalized of the LGBT community—people of color, low-income, young, elderly and transgender people.
2. Establish collaborations on cross-issue work that includes LGBT issues affecting low-income and people of color populations.
3. Engage foundation staff in public education around issues affecting LGBT low income people and LGBT people of color, especially as they relate to transgender issues.
4. Schools and teacher education programmers are crucial sites where LGBT issues and concerns need to be addressed. To help promote health and safety among LGBT youth, schools can implement the following policies and practices:
i) Encourage respect for all students and prohibit bullying, harassment, and violence against all students.
ii) Identify ―safe spaces, such as counselors' offices, designated classrooms, or student organizations, where LGBTQ youth can receive support from administrators, teachers, or other school staff.
iii) Encourage student-led and student-organized school clubs that promote a safe, welcoming, and accepting school environment (e.g., gay-straight alliances, which are school clubs open to youth of all sexual orientations).
iv) Ensure that health curricula or educational materials include HIV, other STD, or pregnancy prevention information that is relevant to LGBTQ youth; such as, ensuring that curricula or materials use inclusive language or terminology.
v) Encourage school district and school staff to develop and publicize trainings on how to create safe and supportive school environments for all students, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity and encourage staff to attend these trainings.
vi) Facilitate access to community-based providers who have experience providing health services, including HIV/STD testing and counseling, to LGBTQ youth. Facilitate access to community-based providers who have experience in providing social and psychological services to LGBTQ youth.
5. Consider LGBT issues as a central theme in all economic and racial justice work.
6. Advocate with philanthropic peers to support LGBT racial and economic justice work.
7. To change societal attitude media has to play a responsible role by reporting on LGBT issues and promoting a culture of tolerance and freedom for minorities.
8. Legal funds need to be created that can take on Public Interest Litigation on LGBT issues.
9. Training needs to be conducted for health professionals to increase their understanding of LGBT identity as potential risk factor for self-harm suicidal behavior and depression. Respective authorities should ensure that health, mental health and social care services are provided in a way that is accessible and appropriate to LGBT people.
10. National as well as state government should develop initiatives to support employers in making workplace and workplace culture more supportive and inclusive of LGBT people.
11. To check the violence that is perpetrated in the home as well as in the public sphere, the domestic violence law has to be expanded to include non-spousal and parental violence as well.
12. Police force at all level needs to be sensitized on LGBT issues and also on the general principles of fundamental human rights.
13. Stigmatizing or anthologizing language regarding gay men, lesbians, and bisexual persons should be avoided (e.g., "sexual deviate", "sexual invert").
14. Local authorities, policy makers, schools and family need more education on accepting gender variant children, and in treating people of different sexuality and gender identity equally, and in applying policies and programs in a ―friendly manner, rather than being hostile.
Glossary:
Bisexual— A person who is sexually attracted to both men and women or to a set of qualities that do not necessarily line up with biological sex.
Come out—To publicly affirm one's homosexual identity, sometimes to one person in conversation, sometimes by an act that places one in the public eye. It is not a single event, but rather a lifelong process.
Gay—used to describe people whose enduring physical, romantic, emotional, and/or spiritual attractions are to people of the same sex. In contemporary contexts; ―Lesbian is often a preferred term for women.
Gender Identity—the gender that a person sees themselves as. This can include refusing to label oneself with a gender.
Heterosexual privilege- The benefits granted automatically to heterosexual people that are denied to gay men and lesbians.
Homophobia- A fear and hatred of LGBT individuals based on a lack of knowledge and cultural conditioning. It is also manifested as a fear of being or being perceived as gay, or the fear of one's own attraction to the same gender.
Internalized Homophobia-The process by which a member of the LGBT community comes to accept and live out inaccurate, disparaging myths and stereotypes about LGBT persons.
Lesbian-A woman who has emotional, social, psychological, and physical commitments and responses to other women.
Marginalization- The process whereby something or someone is pushed to the edge of a group and accorded lesser importance. This is predominantly a social phenomenon by which a minority or sub-group is excluded, and their needs or desires ignored. Marginalization can be defined as the process in which groups of people are excluded (marginalized) by the wider society. Marginalization is often used in an economic or political sense to refer to the rendering of an individual, an ethnic or national group, or a nation-state powerless by a more powerful individual.
Queer-Once a derogatory term, the word ―queer has been embraced by the GLBT community and is used as an umbrella term for all sexual minorities.
Questioning—Being unsure of one's sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Sexual Orientation or Identity—Emotional, physical, and/or sexual attraction to others, which may be towards the same sex (homosexual), the other sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual).
Social Exclusion- The European Commission and European Council defined social exclusion as a: ―process whereby certain individuals are pushed to the edge of society and prevented from participating fully by virtue of their poverty, or lack of basic competencies and lifelong learning opportunities, or as a result of discrimination. This distances them from job, income and education and training opportunities as well as social and community networks and activities. They have little access to power and decision-making bodies and thus often feel powerless and unable to take control over the decisions that affect their day to day lives.
Transphobia- is a range of negative attitudes and feelings towards transsexuality and transsexual or transgender people, based on the expression of their internal gender identity.
Transgender—Refers to persons whose self-perception as male or female is different than their biological sex and who live full-time as the other sex.
Appendix
APPENDIX : E-mail Advertisement
Subject: social consciousness identity development and contemporary conundrums of LGBT community
Dear friends,
My name is Karan jajal, and I am a master student here at Gujarat University, K.s school of business management, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat I am conducting a study on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) student And societal identity development involvement. It is very important that I get participants to complete my survey. The results of the study will help the LGBT community here at the University and add to the body of knowledge surrounding LGBT students and society as well.
Please consider spending a few minutes of your time by participating in this study
Who should participate?
H.S.C student, Undergrads, graduate students, master students and doctorate students,
--Those who self identify as gay, lesbian, exploring, and/or questioning; experience attraction to the same sex; OR engage in same-sex behavior; --Those who are involved, semi-involved, or NOT involved in the LGBT community. (If you are not involved in any way, please consider participating in this study!)
ALL INDIVIDUAL RESULTS WILL BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL.
Need more information? Contact Karan jajal at karanjajal22gmail.com
Appendix
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
K. S. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT [FIVE YEARS FULL – TIME M.B.A INTEGRATED DEGREE COURSE] SEVENTH SEMESTER OF FOURTH YEAR M.B.A
THIS QUESTIONNAIRE IS FOR ACADAMIC RESEARCH PURPOSE ONLY. ALL THE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONFIDENCIAL.
Part -1
Please tell us about yourself:-
Which is best describing your gender identity?
Male Female Transgender
What is your religious /spiritual affiliation?
Hindu Muslim Jain
Christian Sikh Other
Tell your religious service attendance.
More than once/week Only spiritual occasion /holidays
Once a week One in a year
Once a month Never
What is the highest education level you have completed/ running?
High school (H.S.C) Bachelor
Master Doctoral Degree
Which class represents your family status/ background?(Upper and lower includes )
Lower class middle class Higher class
Mark your current relationship status:
Single Married Leave in relationship
Involved with multiple partner Other specify________
What is your current living situation?
Alone With spouse
Hostel/P.G Family/ Guardian
Part -2
[To check, the societal consciousness' identity development]
Mark your preference about Homosexuality in social recognition.
Favor Oppose Neutral
Give your attitude about Homosexual marriage in close relative.
Accepted Rejected
What is your response about Homosexual marriage among community member?
Favor Oppose Neutral
Will you support Homosexual marriage for one when it is illegal?
Yes No Neutral
Do you think that Homosexual marriage should be legalized?
Yes No Neutral
Give your preference for Homosexual marriage for one when it is illegal.
Favor Against
Mark your preference towards giving rights and benefits to Homosexuals equal to heterosexual.
Yes No Neutral
Round or square the best suitable No. for your answer.
Information…
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
disagree
1
2
3
4
5
Statements Numbers
1.
I like the company of Homosexuals; they are like normal human being.
1
2
3
4
5
2.
It would be beneficial to society to recognize Homosexuality as normal.
1
2
3
4
5
3.
Homosexuals should be given social equality.
1
2
3
4
5
4.
Homosexuals should have equal opportunity of employment.
1
2
3
4
5
5.
Homosexuality should accept completely in our society.
1
2
3
4
5
6.
Homosexuals have right to moral justices to any abuse.
1
2
3
4
5
7.
Supreme court should remove the SEC.377.
1
2
3
4
5
8.
Homosexuality is sin.
1
2
3
4
5
9.
Homosexuals should not allow to work/ stay with children.
1
2
3
4
5
10.
Homosexuality is like poverty in society.
1
2
3
4
5
Part -3
[Note: This part is specifically made for LGBT community belonging, but if you are a true supporter of that you may go through this and give your valuable answer]
Is Homosexuality ever justices?
Never Always Neutral
Do you identify / will as LGBT community belonging?
Yes No Can't specify
If yes then,
To whom you came out as that to the individual following.
Family Friends Co workers/organization
Your identity in terms of your sexual orientation:
Gay/ Lesbian Bisexual
Heterosexual other specify___________
Are you member of any LGBT community group in city?
Yes No Can't say
Have you ever take part in any LGBT community pride in any city?
Yes No Can't say
If yes then;
How was the experience? Good Bad Neutral
Are you active in any social media? (mark one - you spend more time)
Face book Wats up Twitter
Instagram If other specify ____________
Tick mark or write the problem or issues in LGBT community that you are actually come across by witnessed /experienced / herded, from society or LGBT community itself.
Experience of violation/ intimidation Sexual assault
Verbal abuse/ Name calling Bad dependency
Threats of physical violence Bad addictions
Followed/ Chased Criminal damaged
Significant emotional distress Property damaged
Depression/ Anxiety Panic attack
Stress/ Anger management Suicidal thought
Insomnia Harassed by employer /ee
Turn down for job otherwise qualified Harassed by landlords
Denied promotion Denied lease/ rental home
Forced to leave job by harassment Denied school financial aid
Delayed or conceal gender transition to avoid discrimination
Denied admission in school or college Problem of Homelessness
Denied campus housing/ hostel facility Problem of Homophobia
Denied service in restaurant/ bar/ others Legal justice barrier
Denied service in hotel/ motel Problem of terminology
Denied membership or access of gym/ clubs
Harassed/ verbally abused by medical care provider
Impact of family reaction on LGBT: conflicts & rejection
Please feel free to provide us with any other information you would like to share below.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
References
http://www.ijims.com ISSN: 2348 – 0343 International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 2014, Vol 1, No.5, 317-331.
The relationship of lesbian and gay identity development and involvement in lesbian, gay bisexual, and transgender student organizations by john wiley lynch
Queering Indian Sociology
A Critical Engagement Pushpesh Kuma ,CAS WORKING PAPER SERIES Centre for the Study of Social Systems Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi May 2014 CAS/WP/14-7
Louisiana social workers: A study on attitudes toward lgbt youth by Rachel O'Pry B.A., Louisiana State University, 2010 May 2012
http/:indianjpscharitry .org
Homosexuality In India – The Invisible Conflict-Anuradha Parasar Department of Policy Science,National Law University,N.H.-65, Nagour Road,Mandore, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
http://www.ilga.info/index.html
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2065/is_n1_v50/ai_20344099/pg_4 - 28k -
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/users/sawweb/sawnet/news/news337.txtg
http://www.fsw.ucalgary.ca/ramsay/gay-lesbian-bisexual/3ta-south-asia-homosexuality.htm#India%20Films
India's Pioneer: Ashok Row Kavi Interview by Perry Brass at ww.gaytoday.badpuppy.com
2.LGBT From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Retrieved 11 feb 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT
Stances of Faiths on LGBT Issues: Islam; Retrieved 12 March 2014 from
http://wwwIndia: Supreme Court rules to overturn decriminalization of homosexuality (December 11, 2013) Retrieved
12 March 2014 from http://www.examiner.com/article/india-supreme-court-rules-to-overturn-decriminalizationof homosexuality.hrc.org/resources/entry/stances-of-faiths-on-lgbt-issues-islam
See "Study Description: [India]," 2006, available from
http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSDocumentation.jsp?Idioma=I
Green, Melissa S. (2012). Anchorage LGBT Discrimination Survey: Final Report. Anchorage, AK: Identity, Inc..
T. Participation in LGBT community pride
I. Homosexual marriage in close relative
H. Social recognition of Homosexuality
G.Current living situation
F.Relationship status
E.Family status
D.Education level
C.Religious sercive attandance
B. religiouse and spiritual affiliation
A. Gender identity
J.Homosexual marriage among community member
K. Homosexuality for one self when it is illegal
L. Legalize of Homosexuality
S. member of any LGBT community group
R. Sexual orientation
O.1 To whom you came out
U. Active in social media
O. Identify as LGBT community belonging
M. Homosexuality for one self when it is legal
P. Homosecuality ever justify
N. Rights and benefits of Homosexuals
