REPORTED SPEECH CHART

REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH Exact words someone said

REPORTED SPEECH

Exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words

REPORTING VERBS SAY She said, “I can’t drive” TELL She told me, “I can’t drive”

SAY She said that she couldn’t drive TELL She told me that she couldn’t drive REPORTED STATEMENTS

-REPORTING VERB (say, tell, explain)+THAT-CLAUSE. In spoken English THAT can be omitted.

Present Simple ‘He likes walking’ she said Present Continuous ‘He is watching TV’ she said Present Perfect ‘He has just left’ she said Past Simple ‘He left an hour ago’ she said Future ‘He’ll be back in an hour’ she said.

Past simple /Present Simple She said she liked /likes walking Past Continuous She said he was watching TV Past Perfect She said she had just left Past Perfect She said he had left an hour before Conditional She said he would be back in an hour

-PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES change according to the context.

-TIME WORDS AND TENSES can change as follows depending on the time reference.

Tonight, today, this week/month… Now Now that Yesterday, last night/week Tomorrow, next week/month Two days /months…ago

That night, that day, that week/month Then, at that time, at once, immediately Since The day before, the previous night/week The following day/ the day after Next week /month Two days/month… before

-DEMONSTRATIVES & ADVERBS

This /These

Here

That / Those

There

REPORTED QUESTIONS WE USE AFFIRMATIVE WORD ORDER AND THE QUESTION MARK IS OMITTED.

ASK+WH- WORD ASK+IF/WHETHER

He said ‘Where did he stay?’

He asked where he had stayed

He said’Did you have a nice time?’

He asked if /whether I had had a nice time

INDIRECT QUESTIONS When we ask for information

Could you tell me…? Do you know…?/ I wonder… I want to know…. REPORTED COMMANDS /REQUESTS/SUGGESTIONS

REPORTING VERB + TO-INFINITIVE + NOT TO – INFINITIVE + ING FORM

He said to me ‘Come with me’ He told me to go with him He said to me, ‘Don’t lie to me’ He told me not to lie to him. He said ‘Let’s go out’ He suggested going out. MODALS

WILL CAN CAN MAY SHALL MUST

WOULD COULD WOULD BE ABLE TO MIGHT SHOULD MUST /HAD TO

SHOULD HAD BETTER

SHOULD HAD BETTER

INTRODUCTORY VERBS ADVISE+SB+TO+INFINITIVE ADMIT+GERUND ASK ACCUSE SB OF BEG APOLOGISE FOR COMMAND BOAST OF /ABOUT INVITE COMPLAIN TO SB OF ORDER DENY REMIND INSIST ON WARN PREFERS SUGGEST

AGREE + TO+ INFINITIVE OFFER PROMISE REFUSE THREATEN

AGREE+ THAT-CLAUSE COMPLAIN DENY EXPLAIN EXLAIM /REMARK PROMISE SUGGEST

Report what the jones family said when they came home from their holiday Dad: ‘I didn’t like the food’

Sister: ‘The waiters were very rude’

Mum:’I had a brilliant time’

Brother: ‘I’m not looking forward to going back to school. Grandfather:’I’ve never had so much fun in my life.

Aunt: ‘I fell in love with a Spanish girl’.

Grandmother:’I was always bored of lying on the beach’

Uncle: ‘I hope we’ll go to the same place next year. Cousin:’I’m going to get my photos developed tomorrow’

Report the tourists questions to the tour guide. 1. ‘How old is he?’

2.’What are we going to do today?’

5. ‘Where’s the main tourist office?’

3.’ Who made the sculpture in the square?’

6. ‘Did you find my suitcase?’

4 ‘What time do we leave tomorrow?’

7. ‘When is breakfast served in the hotel?’ 8.’Is there a shopping centre near here?’

10.’ Do you know where the nearest bank is?’

Mrs Baxton is giving her claner instructions about what to do for the day. 1. ‘Clean the bathroom’. 2. ‘Make the beds’. 3. ‘Don’t forget to tidy the bedroom’. 4. ‘Feed the dogs’. 5.’ Sweep the kitchen floor’ 6. ‘Don’t leave the rubbish in the kitchen’. 7. ‘Remember to water the plants’. 8. ‘Do the washing-up’ 9. ‘Hoover the sitting room’ 10. ‘Don’t let anyone into the house’.