REPORTED SPEECH SPEECH
1. When the reporting verb (say, tell, tell, remark, explain) is in present tense present perfect tense future
NO CHANGE OF TENSES
Examples:
present tense
present tense
Peter says , “The train is late.” Peter says that the the train is late.
She says , “I have never eaten spinach.” She says that she she has never eaten spinach.
present perfect tense He has remarke recently, recently, “I will try again.” He has remarke recently recently that he he will try again.
f!t!re Dad "ill say , „You „You painte the the ence perectly!” Dad "ill say that I"you I"you painte the the ence perectly!”
2. When the reporting verb (say, tell, tell, remark, explain) is in past tense
CHANGE OF TENSES
present tense past tense present perfect tense past perfect tense future
past tense past perfect tense past perfect tense past perfect tense conditional: would + er!
Examples:
present tense
past tense
He explaine , “I on#t eat #uch #uch #eat.” explaine that he in#t eat #uch He explaine that #uch #eat.
present perfect tense past past perfect tense He sai , “I have never met a a lovelier girl $eore.” He sai that he ha never never met a a lovelier girl $eore.
f!t!re %present & going
past & going'
going to invite her or dinner.” He sai , “I am going to He sai that he "as going to invite her or dinner. dinner. sai that he
past tense
past perfect tense
Sarah sai , “He "as really char#ing.” sai that he Sarah sai that he ha been really char#ing.
past tense$ past perfect tense tense
past perfect
She tol us us “I "as at the %oo or the irst ti#e and I never seen a real tiger $eore.” ha never She tol us us that she ha been at the %oo or the irst ti#e and that she never ha seen a real tiger $eore.
f!t!re
conitional: %"o!l & have'
"ill have a cup o tea )* She tho!ght$ ( I "ill She tho!ght that she she "o!l have a cup o tea )
1
REPORTED SPEECH ". The following verbs do not normally c#an$e : would s#ould ou$#t to %ustn&t '%ust not( %i$#t #ad !etter
could
%ust
NO CHANGE
could ) was* were a!le to could ) #ad !een a!le to could )would !e a!le to (for future) %ust %ust ) #ad to %ust ) would #ae to (for future)
Examples:
He sai , “I "o!l li&e to see this il#.” He sai that he "o!l li&e to see that il#. (ran& remarke , “I o!ght to call her.” (ran& remarke that he o!ght to call her. )u# sai , “I might $e a $it late.” )u# sai that she might $e a $it late. He sai ,”You ha better war# up yo!r #uscles $eore yo! step on yo!r snow$oard.” He sai that I ha better war# up my #uscles $eore I steppe on my snow$oard. He sai , ”I co!l co#e at ive tomorro"* He sai that he co!l come+"o!l be able to co#e at ive the next ay . 'e m!st paint the ence tomorro" “, he sai . He sai that they"we m!st+"o!l have to paint the ence the next ay.
She sai , “'e sho!l go ho#e no".” She sai that we"they sho!l go ho#e then.” (ather sai , “You m!stn#t leave yo!r toys on the loor.” (ather sai that we m!stn#t leave o!r toys on the loor. *nn sai$ “'e ha better leave no".” *nn sai that they"we ha better leave then. He sai , “I co!l not co#e on (riday.” He sai that he co!l not+"as not able to+ha not been able to co#e on (riday. He sai , “I m!st go no".” He sai that he m!st go" ha to go then He tol us, “'e m!st leave early tomorro" i we on#t want to #iss the plane.” He tol us that we m!st+"o!l have to leave early the next ay i we in#t want to #iss the plane.
. Conditional ,, sentences -O NOT CHANGE Examples: He sai , „I I "ere healthier, I "o!l go s&iing.” He said that if he "ere healthier, he "o!l go s&iing.
She tol us, “I "o!l help you if I co!l .” She tol us that she "o!l help us if she co!l .
2
REPORTED SPEECH . f you report facts , there is NO CHANGE OF TENSES Examples: She sai , “The Seine flo"s through Paris.” +(act, certainty, true! She sai that the Seine flo"s through Paris. She explaine , “-o#e is the capital o Italy.” +(act, certainty, true! She explaine that -o#e is the capital o Italy.
The teacher sai , “The earth t!rns around the sun.” +(act, certainty, true! The teacher sai that the earth t!rns around the sun.
/. OTHE0 CHANGES ,* we* %* our #ere now t#is t#ese toda toni$#t esterda t#e da !efore esterda to%orrow t#e da after to%orrow last wee3 ) %ont# ) ear a ear a$o net wee3 ) %ont# ) ear
t#ird person '#e s#e it( t#ere t#en t#at t#ose t#at da t#at ni$#t t#e da !efore two das !efore t#e net da ) t#e followin$ da in two das& ti%e t#e preious wee3 ) %ont# ) ear a ear !efore ) t#e preious ear t#e followin$ wee3 ) %ont# ) ear
!
REPORTED SPEECH
"
REPORTED SPEECH 1) The speaker announces, #The six o$clock train will !e late# 2) %ark said to me, &'aris was wonerful an exciting# !) %r %iller said, &The people are waiting outsie# ") 'aul co%plained, &*usan doesn&t like +a# -) %um will say, & #ae been working all the time# .) *he told us, & don&t smoke an $% not very fon of beer an wine# /) 0i said, & can&t come to your party %ust take care of little en# ) 3e re%ar3ed , & #ae never seen a more thrilling film# 4) *he said, &$% going to spen my weeken in the mountains# 15) 3e t#ou$#t, &$ll have a cup of coffee now# 11) 3e said, &'eter would like to have a party at the weeken# 12) *ally said, &We s#ould leave now t is late# 1!) *he said, &We #ad !etter tell her the truth now# 1") They feared, &We %i$#t !e late# 1-) ill told me, & could not sen her any flowers because the flower shop was close# 66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 1.) 7ather said, &We %ust repair the fence net summer# 1/) Tom said, &f #ad more time, would go to the concert on 7riay# 1) 7ather is sure, &The train will arrie at one an so there is plenty of time# 14) 3e said, &We ou$#t to sen her birthay greetings# 25) told them, & will have a garen party for all my friens in the summer holiays# 6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 21) 3e told us, &3e s#owed me more than one thousan slies in one night# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666
-
REPORTED SPEECH 22) 0ina was so happy, &*am was so nice an frienly 3e even #elped me carry my bags# 6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 2!) *he told us, &8ext week $% flying to 0onon an $ % going to visit the ritish %useum# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 2") 3e said, &$e been waiting for two hours but she doesn&t turn up# 2-) %other said, &t$s time to leave# 2.) 9ncle ill told us, & returned yesteray t was really wonerful $ % totally relaxe#
2/) The teacher told us, &The inosaurs died out because of a change in the climate# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 2) Tony said, &f we #ad maps, we could fin the right irection# 24) 'hil said, &en is trying to bree mice an then he wants to sell them# !5) *ue eplained, & can&t stay in the sun for a long time an don&t like a hot climate# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 !1) The octor told me, &Too much sun is not healthy for your skin# !2) The experts #ope, &ne ay we will fin something against the virus# !!) 'eter told me, &n the horror film lots of gigantic spiers escaped from a laboratory an spread all over the town t was awful an couldn&t sleep well after seeing the film# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 !") 3e told me, & could see the star with the nake eye because the night was so clear# 66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 !-) The speaker said, &*hortly before the earth;uake the inhabitants could hear a kin of thuner # 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 !.) %ary told us, &$e got an allergy to strawberries# !/) 7rank told us, &*ally$s story is ;uiet unbelievable 3now her husban very well an can&t believe that he really s#outed at her# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 !) %other said to me, &
.
REPORTED SPEECH !4) 3e was sure, &f lied in =ienna, would $o to the opera as often as possible# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 "5) Tina is only four, but she said, &The earth is smaller than the sun# "1) The scientist said, &We are trying to fin out more about ealy virus# "2) 7re co%plained, &0ucy spends too much money very ay listened to the raio until minight an then went to be# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 "4) 3e said, & don&t know why he was so unfrienly to me# -5) The teacher said, &n the 8orth 'ole the sun never sets in summer# -1) 3e said, & can&t come tonight, but could co%e roun at five tomorrow because tonight %ust finish my book report for school# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 -2) ur ?merican guests sa, &?ustria is a very beautiful country to live in# -!) Tom told us, & ran very fast, but he cau$#t me at the corner an t#rew a big snowball into my face# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 -") %r %iller was surprised , &%ost ?ustrian @hilren spea3 >nglish pretty well an they unerstoo everything said# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 --) %other announced , &$ll go to town this afternoon f you need anything, $ ll get it for you# 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 -.) 7ather ca%e in an said,#
/
REPORTED SPEECH 1) The speaker announces, #The six o$clock train will !e late#
REPORTED SPEECH The speaker announces that the six o$clock train will !e late ('resent Tense no change of tenses) 2) %ark said to me, &'aris was wonerful an exciting# %ark said to me that 'aris #ad !een wonerful an exciting !) %r %iller said, &The people are waiting outsie# %r %iller said that the people were waiting outsie# ") 'aul co%plained, &*usan doesn&t like +a# 'aul co%plained that *usan didn&t like +a -) %um will say, & #ae been working all the time# %um will say that she #as been working all the time (7uture no change of tenses) .) *he told us, & don&t smoke an $ % not very fon of beer an wine# *he told us that she didn&t smoke an that she was not very fon of beer an wine /) 0i said, & can&t come to your party %ust take care of little en# 0i said that she couldn&t come to yourAmy party !ecause she %ust)#ad to)would #ae to take care of little en ) 3e re%ar3ed , & #ae never seen a more thrilling film# 3e re%ar3ed that he #ad never seen a more thrilling film 4) *he said, &$% going to spen my weeken in the mountains# *he said that she was going to spen her weeken in the mountains 15) 3e t#ou$#t, &$ll have a cup of coffee now# 3e t#ou$#t that he would have a cup of coffee t#en 11) 3e said, &'eter would like to have a party at the weeken# 3e said that 'eter would like to have a party at the weeken (woul no change) 12) *ally said, &We s#ould leave now t is late# *ally said that weAthey s#ould leave t#en !ecause it was late 1!) *he said, &We #ad !etter tell her the truth now# *he said that we #ad !etter tell her frienA*ue the truth t#en 1") They feared , &We %i$#t !e late# They feared that they %i$#t !e late (might no change) 1-) ill told me, & could not sen her any flowers because the flower shop was close# ill told me that he could not)#ad not !een a!le to)#ad !een una!le to sen her any flowers because the flower shop #ad !een close 1.) 7ather said, &We %ust repair the fence net summer# 7ather said t#at we would #ae to repair the fence followin$ summer (future must woul have to) 1/) Tom said, &f #ad more time, would go to the concert on 7riay# Tom said that if he #ad more time, he would go to the concert on 7riay (@onitional o not change) 1) 7ather is sure, &The train will arrie at one an so there is plenty of time# 7ather is sure that the train will arrie at one an so there is plenty of time ('resent Tense) 14) 3e said, &We ou$#t to sen her birthay greetings# 3e said that weAthey ou$#t to sen her birthay greetings (ought to no change) 25) told them, & will have a garen party for all my friens in the summer holiays# told them that would have a garen party for all my friens in the summer holiays (7uture @onitional: woul B verb) personal pronouns are not change if the speaker reports his own wors 21) 3e told us, &3e s#owed me more than one thousan slies (Cias) in one night# 3e told us that his frienAthe manAuncle ill #ad s#own him more than one thousan slies in one night 22) 0ina was so happy, &*am was so nice an frienly 3e even #elped me carry my bags# 0ina was so happy !ecause)t#at *am #ad !een so nice an frienly an that he #ad even #elped her carry her bags 2!) *he told us, &8ext week $ % flying to 0onon an $ % going to visit the ritish %useum# *he told us that she was flying to 0onon the following week an that she was going to visit the ritish
4
REPORTED SPEECH %useum# 2") 3e said, &$e been waiting for two hours but she doesn&t turn up# 3e said that he #ad been waiting for two hours but she didn&t turn up 2-) %other said, &t$s time to leave# %other said that it was time to leave 2.) 9ncle ill told us, & returned yesteray t was really wonerful $% totally relaxe# 9ncle ill told us that he #ad returned the ay before an that it #ad !een really wonerful an that he was totally relaxe 2/) The teacher told us, &The inosaurs died out because of a change in the climate# The teacher told us that the inosaurs died out because of a change in the climate (7actD) 2) Tony said, &f we #ad maps, we could fin the right irection# Tony said that if weAthey #ad maps, weAthey could fin the right irection (@onitional o not change) 24) 'hil said, &en is trying to bree mice an then he wants to sell them# 'hil said that en was trying to bree mice an then heAen wanted to sell them !5) *ue eplained, & can&t stay in the sun for a long time an don&t like a hot climate# *ue eplained that she couldn&t stay in the sun for a long time an that she didn&t like a hot climate# !1) The octor told me, &Too much sun is not healthy for your skin# The octor told me that too much sun is not healthy for my skin (7actD) !2) The experts #ope , &ne ay we will fin something against the virus# The experts #ope that one ay they will fin something against the virus ('resent Tense no change of tenses) !!) 'eter told me, &n the horror film lots of gigantic spiers escaped from a laboratory an spread all over the town t was awful an couldn&t sleep well after seeing the film# 'eter told me that in the horror film lots of gigantic spiers #ad escaped from a laboratory an #ad spread all over the town an that it #ad !een awful an he couldn&t)wasn&t a!le to)#adn&t !een a!le to sleep well after seeing the film !") 3e told me, & could see the star with the nake eye because the night was so clear# 3e told me that he could see the star with the nake eye because the night #ad !een so clear !-) The speaker said, &*hortly before the earth;uake the inhabitants could hear a kin of thuner (Conner)# The speaker said that shortly before the earth;uake the inhabitants were a!le to)#ad !een a!le to hear a kin of thuner# !.) %ary told us, &$e got an allergy to strawberries# %ary told us that she #ad got an allergy to strawberries !/) 7rank told us, &*ally$s story is ;uiet unbelievable 3now her husban very well an can&t believe that he really s#outed at her# 7rank told us that *ally$s story was ;uiet unbelievable !ecause he 3new her husban very well an he couldn&t believe that her husbanA%r %iller #ad really s#outed at her !) %other said to me, &
15
REPORTED SPEECH %other warned me that #ad !etter take an umbrella !ecause it %i$#t rain soon (ha better no change) "") *he told us, & was in nia two times an #ad some really shocking experience there# *he told us that she #ad !een in nia two times an that she #ad #ad some really shocking experience there ('ast Tense E ha 'ast 'erfect Tense E ha ha) "-) *he said, & didn&t ;uite unerstan# *he said that she #adn&t ;uite understood ('ast Tense F in$t unerstan 'ast 'erfect Tense F han$t unerstoo) ".) *ue is sure, &$ll soon be able to speak 7rench very well# *ue is sure that she will soon be able to speak 7rench very well ('resent TenseD) "/) 7rank said to me, &f were you, wouldn&t spen so much money on clothes# 7rank said to me that if he were me, he wouldn&t spen so much money on clothes (@onitional o not change) ") 7ather told us, &>very ay listened to the raio until minight an then went to be# 7ather told us that every ay he #ad listened to the raio until minight an then he #ad $one to be# "4) 3e said, & don&t know why he was so unfrienly to me# 3e said that he didn&t know why the manAthe strangerATom #ad !een so unfrienly to him -5) The teacher said, &n the 8orth 'ole the sun never sets in summer# The teacher said that on the 8orth 'ole the sun never sets in summer (7actD) -1) 3e said, & can&t come tonight, but could co%e roun at five tomorrow because tonight %ust finish my book report for school# 3e said, that he couldn&t come that night, but that he could )would !e a!le to come roun at five the next ayAthe following ay because that night he %ust)#ad to finish his book report for school -2) ur ?merican guests sa, &?ustria is a very beautiful country to live in# ur ?merican guests sa that ?ustria is a very beautiful country to live in ('resent TenseD) -!) Tom told us, & ran very fast, but he cau$#t me at the corner an t#rew a big snowball into my face# Tom told us that he #ad run very fast, but that the manAillAhis frien #ad cau$#t him at the corner an #ad t#rown a big snowball into his face -") %r %iller was surprised, &%ost ?ustrian @hilren spea3 >nglish pretty well an they unerstoo everything said# %r %iller was surprised that most ?ustrian @hilren spo3e >nglish pretty well an that they #ad understood everything he #ad said --) %other announced, &$ll go to town this afternoon f you need anything, $ll get it for you# %other announced that she would go to town that afternoon and s#e said t#at if AweAyou needed anything, she would get it for meAusAyou -.) 7ather ca%e in an said, #
11