ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, we would like to praise Allah S.W.T for giving us the strength and spirit that we needed the most in finishing this research. We would have never been able complete this research if not from the help by some people. We are greatly indebted to those people for their kindness, patience and cooperation in helping us so much through our research.
Thus, I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide, Mr Shahiron Bin Shahidan for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project titled “Preliminary Design ith Suita!le Structural Solution" !y designing one of Mercedes#Ben$ Sho%room in Parit &aja' The !lessing, help and guidance gi(en !y him time to time shall carry us a long %ay in the the jour journe ney y of life life on %hic %hich h our our grou group p mem! mem!er ers s espe especi cial ally ly a!ou a!outt to em!ark' I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to all our group mem!ers, Mohamad )oor *shraf Bin )orisham, Muhammad *mirul *mirul +akim +akim Bin Ma$lan Ma$lan,, Muhamm Muhammad ad Idham Idham Bin Saripu Saripudin din,, )ur atin atin -yana yana Bint Bintii &ahim ahimii and and &oha$ oha$mi mie e Bin Bin Mo Mohm hmma mad, d, for for his. his.he herr good good coop cooper erat atio ion n team team%o %ork rk !y gi(i gi(ing ng cord cordia iall supp suppor ort, t, shar sharin ing g (alu (alua! a!le le info inforrmati mation on and and %ork %ork (ery (ery har hard to /nis /nish h our our cour course se proj projec ectt for for this this semester' inally, I %ish to thank my classmate and for their support and encouragement throughout our /nal project in su!ject Structural *nalysis' Thanks also for support of se(eral crucial kinds to other people %ho in(ol(ed in this project' Thank you so much for all of you' Sincerely,
0000000000000000'' 1*+M*D B23+*&I BI) MD *&II)4 -eader 5roup 6,
Structural *nalysis Section 7, 2ni(ersity Tun +ussien 8nn Malaysia12T+M4
GROUP MEMBERS PROFILE
MANAGING DIRECTOR PROFILE
NAME : *+M*D B23+*&I BI) MD *&II) *& II) MATRIC NO : *69:6:9 I/C NO : ;<:6:=#66#>==> PHONE NO : :6=#>6?:7@? ADDRESS : -8T 6:?69, 35 M*A+*)5 -*D*, *-*) P*C* &S*3, B23IT
P*C8)5, 96=:: M*&*)5, T&)55*)2' MOTTO : “TH! "S #$ %&AT %&AT$! T$ S'((SS, S' ((SS, )$' HA& HA& T$ TA* TH STA"!S+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233
GENERAL MANAGER PROFILE
NAME : &8+*EMI BI) M8+*MM*D MATRIC NO : *69:6=@ I/C NO : ;<6:6?#:<#7=;@ PHONE NO : :6=#>99=>9: ADDRESS : )8 9< 35 P*3 P*3 3&*- 679:: T2MP* T2MP*T, 3-*)T*) ' MOTTO : “2 4$S"T"&+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233
DESIGN MANAGER PROFILE
NAME : M2+*MM*D *MI&2- +*3IM BI) M*E-*) MATRIC NO : *69:6<> I/C NO : ;<:6<:#66#>@;; PHONE NO : :6<#@<6=6:= ADDRESS : )8 ?? 35 -8S8)5 +*I IFB*-, 9::=: 32*-* T&)55*)2,
T&)55*)2' MOTTO : “" %$& 5!AW"#6. " %$& 5S"6#"#6. " %$& ST!'(T'! A#A%)S"S+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233
MARKETING MANAGER PROFILE
NAME : M8+*M*D )88& *S+&* BI) )8&+IS*M MATRIC NO : *69:66? I/C NO : ;<:66@#:6#7@=> PHONE NO : :67#@:;@:>7 ADDRESS : )8 6: T*M*) M-*&, 9?@>: B)T8)5, P*+*)5' MOTTO : “7A* 4!"$! TA(H"#6 84!"#(+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233
OPERATION MANAGER PROFILE
NAME : M2+*MM*D ID+*M BI) S*&IP2DI) MATRIC NO : A6<:9:@ I/C NO : ;::>9;#:>#>99> PHONE NO : :6@#966;>?= ADDRESS : )8' ;* *-*) 3)*&I 6, 35 T)5*+, B*T2 <76.= *-*)
B*+*2 B*T2 3I3I&, )5&I SMBI-*) MOTTO : “9'ST 5$ "T "# A &A!"T) $3 (HA%%#6"#6 S"T'AT"$#S T$ A(H"& S'((SS+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233
FINANCE MANAGER PROFILE
NAME : )2& *TI) -C*)* BT &*+IMI MATRIC NO : A6<:99= I/C NO : ;9:9:<#:6#7<:= PHONE NO : :6@#@:6=>@6 ADDRESS : P+S 6>.7, PT -I)T*)5 3**)5, SP5 >, ?<:9: B*T2 P*+*T,
8+8& MOTTO : “A%WA)S 2 4$S"T"&+ YEAR/SESSION : -/0/1 CODE COURSE : 233 .
HISTORY OF SKY PRO-DESIGN, BATU PAHAT
Sky Pro#Design is a Malaysia company design in structure and the %orldGs top ten largest company designer !ased on %orld%ide' This company %as !orn on = anuary 6;;<' The /rst chairman for Sky Pro# Design %as DatoH Md' *rin Bin *!d aha!' This company %ould go on to !ecome one of the largest and most pro/ta!le companies in the %orld, as %ell as !eing one of the fe% to sur(i(e the great depression' Main +F company of Sky Pro#Design located at 3uala -umpur, Malaysia' This company had 6> !ranches in Malaysia' 8ur !ranches in ohor located at Batu Pahat and ohor Bahru' Sky Pro#Design Sdn' Bhd' has !een designed more than one thousand structure including !uildings and !ridges' *part from that, our company also take responsi!ility in calculating and analysis the structural of the !uildings' This is (ery important for our company to analyse the structure that %e had created' 8ne of the reasons are to a(oid the structure collapse especially' Safety is (ery important in designing' 8ur company also can design diJerent structure !uildings according to our customer reKuirement' ThatHs %hy aesthetic and !eauty also play an important role in structure' hen designing a structure, our company must account such as utility or ser(icea!ility, material used and also en(ironmental constraints' In organisation chart of Sky Pro#Design, chairman is the main person in this company' Ahairman can manage, gi(e and has authorities to control all the !ranches company in Malaysia' Ahairman oce is at third Loor in our main company to%er at angsa Maju, 3uala -umpur' In Batu Pahat, managing director is the main person that control the company management' Managing director %as assisted !y 5eneral Manager' e
also ha(e design manager, marketing manager, operation manager and /nancial manager in Batu PahatHs !ranch' )ame of Sky Pro#Design means that %e are from professional engineer and ha(e design ser(ice %ide around Malaysia and Singapore' Term of “Sky" means that our company is largest in Malaysia and our ser(ice is %ider' Term of “Pro" means that all of our %orkers and designer are professional in designing and analyse the structure' 8ur company tagline %as Your Future Design means that our structure designing are good in strength and long lasting %ith people dreaming design no%days'
1. INTRODUCTION
Structural analysis is the determination of the eJects of loads on physical structures and their components' Structures su!ject to this type of analysis include all that must %ithstand loads, such as !uildings, !ridges, (ehicles, machinery, furniture, attire, soil strata, prostheses and !iological tissue' Structural analysis incorporates the /elds of applied mechanics, materials structureHs
science and applied mathematics to
deformation,
internal forces, stresses,
support
compute
a
reactions,
accelerations, and sta!ility' The results of the analysis are used to (erify a structureGs /tness for use, often sa(ing physical tests' Structural analysis is thus a key part of the engineering design of structures' * car is one of the most expensi(e purchases a person makes and todayHs sho%room has an important role in helping customers make that decision' In an increasingly segmented market, an outlet needs to cater for a range of clients and their needs' In todayHs !rand#dri(en society, cars and lifestyle o(erlap and the sales en(ironment should reLect he customerHs preferences' The scope of a car dealership scheme is not limited to sales' *fter#sales ser(ice is an element of the !usiness model so a ser(ice reception and a parts and %orkshop facility are often located on a sho%room site' *t prestige outlets, customers may ha(e access to refreshments, %ireless or internet connections in coJee !ars or lounges'
In this case, our group company ha(e a task a!out to !uild, calculate and analyse the structure component that %e had dra%n in the soft%are of sketch 2p' The making and !uilding of the Mercedes#Ben$ Sho%room in good condition is important to ha(e' This is !ecause the structure must ha(e good strength and a!ility to resist the load that ha(e applied to the structure' *ll the structure component, calculation and analysis of it %e had sho%n in this report'
2.OBJECTIVES
The o!jecti(es of our project are To identify and dra% the structure component of the Mercedes#Ben$ Sho%room To calculate and analyse the structure component of the Mercedes# Ben$ Sho%room To introduce our company and %hat does our company do To /nd out the pro!lem that %e faced during analyse the structure and ho% %e sol(e all the pro!lems'
To ensure that %e all kno% and amateur using soft%are of Sketch 2p or *utoAad To introduce us in the %orld of !usiness and design a!out structure analysis . BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The study of our project is to %ork %ith client to prepare preliminary design or a suita!le structural solution for the structure as structural engineer' The structure is to !e constructed in Batu Pahat for oce and storage store of Mercedes#Ben$ Sho%room' Structure is a fundamental, tangi!le or intangi!le notion referring to the
recognition,
o!ser(ation, nature,
and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities' This notion may itself !e an o!ject, such as a !uilt structure, or an attri!ute, such as the structure of society' rom a childGs (er!al description of a sno%Lake, to the detailed scienti/c analysis of the properties
of magnetic
/elds,
the
concept of structure is no% often an essential foundation of nearly e(ery mode of inKuiry and disco(ery in science, philosophy, and art' In early 9:th#century and earlier thought, for moften plays a role compara!le to that of structure in contemporary thought' The neo#3antianism of rnst Aassirer 1cf' his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, completed in 6;9; and pu!lished in nglish translation in the 6;>:s4 is sometimes regarded as a precursor of the later shift to structuralism and poststructuralism' The main structure in our project are plane truss, !eam and column' P!"#$ T%&''
Truss is the one important structure in a !uilding' hen designing a structure, the engineer must account such as utility.ser(icea!ility, safety, economy.cost,
and
aesthetic.!eauty,
material.a(aila!le
and
en(ironmental constraints' Truss is a type of tension and compression structure' Before starting any structure like trusses, it is necessary to esta!lish the sta!ility and determinacy of the structure' Truss are commonly used in the !ridge construction and !uilding construction' or
!ridge construction, mem!ers are normally selected from rolled sections, compound section and !ox sections' hile for !uilding construction %hich are normally formed as a part of roof structures or acting as supporting !eam for Loor sla!s' Sometimes trusses as are used as !racing to pro(ide sta!ility' Mem!ers may !e selected from angles, channels, tees, and structure hollo% sections' The analysis of trusses is carried out to determine the axial forces in mem!ers in certain cases to !ending moment due to the applied load' The loading is applied to the truss through the purlins' Ideally the purlins are positioned at node point 1no eccentricity4' Trusses are su!jected to se(eral load case namely, dead, imposed and %ind' The load cause the truss mem!ers to resist either tensile or compression forces' The mem!ers need to !e designed accordingly' The !asics truss terminologies are (ertical internal mem!er, concentrated load, top chord 1rafter4, slope internal mem!er, !ottom chord and node' Trusses and lattice girders are framed elements resisting in plane loading !y axial forces in either tension or compression in the indi(idual mem!ers' Trus' i s a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed %ith straight mem!ers %hose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes' xternal forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the mem!ers %hich are either tensile or compressi(e forces' Moments 1torKues4 are explicitly excluded !ecause, and only !ecause, all the joints in a truss are treated as re(olute'
B$"(
* !eam is
a structural
element that
is
capa!le
of
%ithstanding load primarily !y resisting !ending' The !ending force
induced into the material of the !eam as a result of the external loads, o%n %eight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a !ending moment' Beams
are traditionally descriptions of
!uilding or ci(il
engineering structural elements, !ut smaller structures such as truck or automo!ile frames, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain !eam structures that are designed and analysed in a similar fashion' In engineering, !eam originally a solid piece of tim!er, as a !eam of a house, a plo%, a loom, or a !alance' In !uilding construction, a !eam is a hori$ontal mem!er spanning an opening and carrying a load that may !e a !rick or stone%all a!o(e the opening, in %hich case the !eam is often called a lintel' The load may !e a Loor or roof in a !uilding, in %hich case the !eam is called a Loor joist or a roof joist' In engineering also, !eams are of se(eral types 6' Simply supported # a !eam supported on the ends %hich are free to rotate and ha(e no moment resistance' 9' ixed # a !eam supported on !oth ends and restrained from rotation' <' 8(er hanging # a simple !eam extending !eyond its support on one end' =' Dou!le o(erhanging # a simple !eam %ith !oth ends extending !eyond its supports on !oth ends' >' Aontinuous # a !eam extending o(er more than t%o supports' 7' Aantile(er # a projecting !eam /xed only at one end' @' Trussed # a !eam strengthened !y adding a ca!le or rod to form a truss
C)!&(#
Aolumn or pillar in architecture and structural
engineering is
a
structural element that transmits, through compression, the %eight of the structure a!o(e to other structural elements !elo%, in other %ords a column is a compression mem!er' The term column applies especially to a large round support %ith a capital and !ase and made of stone, or appearing to !e so' * small %ooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports %ith a rectangular or other non#round section are usually called piers' or the purpose of %ind or earthKuake engineering, columns may !e designed to resist lateral forces' 8ther compression mem!ers are often termed NcolumnsN !ecause of the similar stress conditions' Aolumns are freKuently used to support !eams or arches on %hich the upper parts of %alls or ceilings rest' In architecture, NcolumnN refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorati(e features' * column might also !e a decorati(e element not
needed for structural purposesO many columns are NengagedN, that is to say form part of a %all'
*. PROBLEM STATEMENT
* truss is as
a
frame'
t%o# If
there
out#of#plane structure
often
modelled
dimensional plane are
signi/cant
forces, must
three# space'
usually
the
!e modelled as a dimensional
The assumes
analysis of trusses that
loads
are
applied to joints only and not at intermediate points along the mem!ers' The %eight of the mem!ers is often insigni/cant compared to the applied loads and so is often omitted' If reKuired, half of the %eight of each mem!er may !e applied to its t%o end joints' Pro(ided the mem!ers are long and slender, the moments transmitted through the joints are negligi!le and they can !e treated as NhingesN or Gpin#jointsG' (ery mem!er of the truss is then in pure compression or pure tension shear, !ending moment, and other more complex stresses are all practically $ero' This makes trusses easier to analy$e' This also makes trusses physically stronger than other %ays of arranging material !ecause nearly e(ery material can hold a much larger load in tension and compression than in shear, !ending, torsion, or other kinds of force' rame !uilding assumes that se(eral frames compete to set one frame regarding an issue, and one frame /nally gains inLuence !ecause it resonates %ith popular culture, /ts %ith media practices, or is hea(ily sponsored !y elites' irst, in terms of practices of ne%s production, there are at least /(e aspects of ne%s %ork that may inLuence ho% journalists frame a certain issue larger societal norms and (alues, organi$ational
pressures and constraints, external pressures from interest groups and other policy makers, professional routines, and ideological or political orientations of journalists' The second potential inLuence on frame !uilding comes from elites, including interest groups, go(ernment !ureaucracies, and other political or corporate actors' mpirical studies sho% that these inLuences of elites seem to !e strongest for issues in %hich journalists and (arious players in the policy arena can /nd shared narrati(es' inally, cultural contexts of a society are also a!le to esta!lish frame' Most !eams in reinforced concrete !uildings ha(e rectangular cross sections, !ut a more ecient cross section for a !eam is an I or + section %hich is typically seen in steel construction' Because of the parallel axis theorem and the fact that most of the material is a%ay from the neutral axis, the second moment of area of the !eam increases, %hich in turn increases the stiJness' ciency means that for the same cross sectional area 1(olume of !eam per length4 su!jected to the same loading conditions, the !eam deLects less' 8ther shapes, like - 1angles4, A 1channels4 or tu!es, are also used in construction %hen there are special reKuirements'
+. SCOPE OF STUDY
e are searching a!out the ne% !uilding is to !e constructed in Batu Pahat for Mercedes#Ben$ oce and storage used' The /gure !elo% illustrated the plan (ie% of structures' The !uilding is design must !e 6? m x 6: m in plan' e are must to dra% the truss and frame system of the !uilding' The analysis of this !uilding must include the analysis of truss, !eam and frame %ith a detailed calculation and dra%ing' *ll the method that discuss in the class must !e used in the project' The plan (ie% of the design sho%s !elo%
1(
(
(
. AIM We finally done to build the building at here. This above shows the place that we want to build the building.
We also focus to identify the structure component needed in this pro:ect. 2esides that, we wants to determine the method of structural calculation suits with this pro:ect. 3inally, we wants to find out problem faced during completing this task. The figure below shows the full view that we need to design the 7ercedes;2en< Showroom
7. LITERATURE REVIEW
W"0 ' '0%&0&%$ "#3 '0%&0&%"! "#"!4''5
* structure is de/ned to a system of the connected or fa!ricated parts used to support a load or creatureHs acti(ities' or example !uilding, !ridge, to%ers, ship tanks, aircraft frames and others' Besides that, the area of structural engineering should co(er = important aspects %here is planning, analysis, design and construction' Process %hich included the = a!o(e aspects named as ST&2AT2&*- or )5I)&I)5 DSI5)' hen designing a structure, the engineer must account
for
utility,
safety,
economy.cost,
aesthetic.!eauty,
material.a(aila!le and en(ironmental constraints' Thus, structure can !e de/ned as a part of construction %hich has one or more element is su!jected to (arious loads that it must resist %ithout either collapsing or deforming excessi(ely' Structural analysis is a process in determining the reaction of the structure under the speci/ed loads or actions' The reactions usually measured !y esta!lishing the forces and deformations throughout the structure' 8nce a preliminary design of structure is proposed, the
structure must !e analy$ed to ensure that it has its reKuired strength and rigidity' To analyse a structure properly, certain ideali$ations must !e made as to ho% the mem!ers are supported and connected together' The loadings are determined from codes and local speci/cations and the forces in the mem!ers and their displacements are found using the theory of structural analysis' Because the forces in each of its t%o main girders are essentially planar, a truss is usually modelled as a t%o#dimensional plane frame' If there are signi/cant out#of#plane forces, the structure must !e modelled as a three#dimensional space' The analysis of trusses often assumes that loads are applied to joints only and not at intermediate points along the mem!ers' The %eight of the mem!ers is often insigni/cant compared to the applied loads and so is often omitted' If reKuired, half of the %eight of each mem!er may !e applied to its t%o end joints' Pro(ided the mem!ers are long and slender, the moments transmitted through the joints are negligi!le and they can !e treated as NhingesN or Gpin#jointsG' (ery mem!er of the truss is then in pure compression or pure tension shear, !ending moment, and other more complex stresses are all practically $ero' This makes trusses easier to analy$e' This also makes trusses physically stronger than other %ays of arranging material !ecause nearly e(ery material can hold a much larger load in tension and compression than in shear, !ending, torsion, or other kinds of force' Structural analysis of trusses of any type can readily !e carried out using a matrix method such as the direct stiJness method, the Lexi!ility method or the /nite element method' Applicai!" !# T$%&&'&
C(a$ac'$i&ic& !# $%&&'&
*
truss
consists
of
straight
mem!ers
connected at
joints,
traditionally termed panel points' Trusses are composed of triangles !ecause of the structural sta!ility of that shape and design' * triangle is the simplest geometric /gure that %ill not change shape %hen the lengths of the sides are /xed' In comparison, !oth the angles and the lengths of a four#sided /gure must !e /xed for it to retain its shape' A66!"0)# )7 T%&''$' 0) 0$ C)#'0%&0)#
* truss that is assumed to comprise mem!ers that are connected !y means of pin joints, and %hich is supported at !oth ends !y means of
hinged joints or rollers, is descri!ed as !eing statically determinate' )e%tonGs -a%s apply to the structure as a %hole, as %ell as to each node or joint' In order for any node that may !e su!ject to an external load or force to remain static in space, the follo%ing conditions must hold the sums of all 1hori$ontal and (ertical4 forces, as %ell as all moments acting a!out the node eKual $ero' *nalysis of these conditions at each node yields the magnitude of the compression or tension forces' Trusses that are supported at more than t%o positions are said to !e statically indeterminate, and the application of )e%tonGs -a%s alone is not sucient to determine the mem!er forces' In order for a truss %ith pin# connected mem!ers to !e sta!le, it must !e entirely composed of triangles' In mathematical terms, %e ha(e the follo%ing necessary condition for sta!ility m Q 9j#r%here m is the total num!er of truss mem!ers, j is the total num!er of joints and r is the num!er of reactions 1eKual to < generally4 in a 9#dimensional structure' hen m R9j#<, the truss is said to !e statically determinate, !ecause the 1m<4 internal mem!er forces and support reactions can then !e completely determined !y 9jeKuili!rium eKuations, once %e kno% the external loads and the geometry of the truss' 5i(en a certain num!er of joints, this is the minimum num!er of mem!ers, in the sense that if any mem!er is taken out 1or fails4, then the truss as a %hole fails' hile the relation 1a4 is necessary, it is not sucient for sta!ility, %hich also depends on the truss geometry, support conditions and the load carrying capacity of the mem!ers' Some structures are !uilt %ith more than this minimum num!er of truss mem!ers' Those structures may sur(i(e e(en %hen some of the mem!ers fail' Their mem!er forces depend on the relati(e stiJness of the mem!ers, in addition to the eKuili!rium condition descri!ed' * roof truss does a couple of diJerent things' Primarily, it supports the components of a homeGs roof, including roof sheathing, felt paper and shingles' Secondarily, a roof truss adds structural integrity to the homeGs en(elope !y helping tie it together from the top' ithout roof trusses a !uilding
%ould ha(e no platform for a roof' urther, the !uilding en(elope %ould !e signi/cantly %eaken' Trusses revolutioni
4itched trusses are
most commonly used
for roofs, although
they also are used to
stabili
of
high
rise
buildings. There are more than different styles of pitched trusses and engineers can design specific styles for particular uses. "n the construction of homes and low rise commercial buildings, the most common styles of pitched trusses are 3ink, Howe, Scissors, *ing 4ost and =ueen 4ost. ach of these styles also has variations making it possible for the trusses to span longer distances. 4itched truss styles used in commercial buildings will span > feet or more without intermediate supports. These styles include the 2owstring, 4ortal 3rame, and 4itched Warren.
Pa$all'l C(!$)
4arallel chord trusses support floors, flat roofs, and the decks of bridges. They are also widely used in high rise construction to support concrete floor decking and to add rigidity to the building frames. These trusses will carry very heavy loads. $ne attractive feature of them, when used as part of the frame for buildings, is that they also create places to install utilities. The gaps in the truss web are often used to run electrical conduit, plumbing pipes, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning ?H&A(@ ducts. There are substantial variations in the design of the truss web to account for a wide range of spans and loads. When used for flat roofs they are often ordered with a shallow slope to accommodate roof drainage. These trusses can be cantilevered at each end to create overhangs. Some versions of these trusses are trimmable to help account for slight variations in the structure as it is being built. T$%"ca')
The truncated truss serves as an intermediate load;bearing truss that other trusses attach to. They are sometimes called girder trusses. These trusses make it possible to use trusses for hip roofs and to span long distances where roofs change direction. The truncated truss is set in a specified place on the building and then 9ack trusses fan out from its sides to cover the shorter spans. 9ack trusses typically resemble one;half of a pitched truss. Truncated trusses are often designed for specific situations so they may take many forms. Some resemble pitched, or dual pitch trusses, but often with more robust chords and truss web members.
*. MET+ODOLOGY
In making this report, %e had done all the reKuirement for the project !y follo%ing a fe% steps' These steps make the %orks easier and /nished in shorter time' The steps are as !elo%
discussion %ith group mem!ers'
%ork distri!utio n'
designing '
make design using sketch up'
assuming the loads, length, etc'
make the calculation
discuss a!out the project and make discussion
make a conclusion
compile the report and /nished' I.
D'&'')# W0 G%)&6 M$(8$%'
*ll the group mem!ers sat together and %e discuss a!out the project' e listing %hat to do and ho% %e going to do it' II.
W)%9 D'0%8&0)#
Speci/c %orks %as gi(en to all group mem!ers' III.
D$'##
Designing of the project %as done together and %e choose the !est design' IV.
M"9$ "# A&0) CAD 3$'#
The design that had !een dra%n is transformed into *uto A*D format'
V.
A''&(# 0$ !)"3', !$#0, $0.
*ll parts, mem!ers, loads, length, and characteristic %as assumed and inserted into the design and %rote do%n' VI.
M"9# 0$ "!&!"0)#.
*ll the needed calculation such as moment, reaction and etc %as made and %rote do%n' VII.
D'&'' "8)&0 0$ 6%);$0 "#3 ("9$ 3'&'')#.
*fter all the calculation had !een seen and checked, %e discuss a!out the %hole project and make discussion' VIII.
D'&'' "8)&0 0$ )#!&')#.
*fter the discussion had !een made, %e discuss a!out the conclusion and conclusion had !een made' I<.
W%0$ 0$ 6%);$0 # )(6&0$% 7)%(
ork that had !een distri!uted %as done !y group mem!ers in computer form' <.
C)(6!$ 0$ %$6)%0 "#3 =#'$3.
The computerHs form %as collected, compiled, and the project %as /nished'
.
,.
DESIGN
-D D'&i" T$%&&
Si)' Vi'0
G$!%") #l!!$
F%ll 1Pla" Vi'02
3D D'&i" C!l%4" #!$ #i$& #l!!$ a") &'c!") #l!!$
T$%&&'&
F%ll Vi'0 1F$!"2
F%ll Vi'0 1L'# Si)'2
F%ll Vi'0 1B'(i")2
F%ll Vi'0 1Ri( Si)'2
56. CALCULATION
*Please refer to next page
55. DISCUSSION
"n structural analysis, we have learned that the load will be transfer from top to the bottom part, thus The load of the truss will be transfer to the foundation ? bottom @ of the building. k# B $verall load
5 +
*
B
A
D
%oad suggestion at the truss C / @ !oof weight include self weight of aluminium truss ? 5ead load @ C /. @ #o wind load. 0@ %ife load B !oof weight include self weight of aluminium truss C 0. *#-m 1@ Wind load C *# @ $verall load C . k#-m The load eDerted on the truss is about /.k#. ThereEs no wind load eDerted on the truss, thus no hori
A structural system is the combination of structural elements and their materials. "t is important for a structural engineer to be able to classify a structure by either its form or its function, by recogni
As a conclusion, the analysis of the structure is accepted and done completely. The materials such as roof tile, aluminium for roof truss and concrete for the slab is suitable for the si
REFERENCES
6' Book
