ACKNOWLEDGE First and foremost, fo remost, thanks God for His grace every ork ent smooth!y and s"ccessf"!!y# A!hamd"!i!!ah thanks to A!!ah $W% ho &rovides "s a good hea!th and His &rotection# %hen, thanks to o"r &arent and fami!y 'eca"se 'e o"r s"&&orter, ins&iration and great adviser ever# %hen, e o"!d !ike to e(&ress thanks to o"r 'e!oved !ect"rer, Encik $aif"! 'in )"ma!i for va!"a'!e g"ide!ine and advice from the 'eginning "nti! end of the semester# He ho had shared a !ot of thing a'o"t constr"ction orks and he!& "s "nderstood the rea! !ife ork# *n additiona!, thanks to H+ akaria 'in -ohd ho is the director of $.- to gives &ermission to do the site visits, and intervie for o"r co"rse# .esides, do not forget to a!! friends ho a!ays gave mora! s"&& s" &&or orts ts## Henc Hence, e, %han %hanks ks to a!! a!! thos those e ho ho have have cont contri ri'" '"te ted d to he!& he!& "s accom&!ish this task# A!! of the st"dents /ro+ect 0 Constr"ction -anagement 1EC-2345 of Di&!oma of Civi! Engineering sho"!d carried o"t a site visit to a com&any either is cons"!tant, contractor or c!ient or deve!o&er# %he main o'+ectives to st"dent organi6e a site visit d"ring o"r !earning &rocess to e(&osed ith the constr constr"ct "ction ion c"rre c"rrent nt iss iss"es "es and sim&!i sim&!ify fy the &ro'! &ro'!em em accor accordin ding g to 'asic 'asic conce&t kno!edge in engineering &ro'!em that had !earnt# %hen, e can determine the avai!a'!e method constr"ction or management to s&eed "& the &rogress, to red"ce time and to enhance the 7"a!ity or satisfactory of the c!ient# %herefore, %herefore, st"dent of /ro+ect /ro+ect 0 Constr"ction -anagement 1EC-2345 'e a'!e to identify +o' f"nctions and ro!es of &!ayers of &arties invo!ved in the constr"ction ind"stry# %he st"dents i!! have 'etter "nderstanding hat had !earnt and gain ne additiona! kno!edge a'o"t constr"ction management# Witho"t a!! the &erson or &arties a'ove, e can8t com&!ete the re&ort or 'een e(&ose to the rea! civi! management#
9
CON%EN% *N%:OD;C%*ON<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< *N%:OD;C%*ON<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<#2 <#2 O:GAN*$A%*ON CHA:%<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<#<#= /E:$ON *N>OL>E ON $*%E<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<OL>E<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<#####99 Contractor Engineer C!ient @"antity $"rveyor $"&&!ier *$$;E$ ON $*%E<<<<<<<<<<< $*%E<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<9B <<<<<<<9B CHALLENGE$ FACED . -ALA$*A *ND;$%:<<<<<<<<<<<<<<#9= AWA:ENE$$ $AFE% AND HEAL%H<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<###94 CONCL;$*ON<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<#9 :EFFE:ENCE$<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< :EFFE:ENCE$<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<##B <<##B A//END*CE$<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< A//END*CE$<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<<<<##B9 <<<##B9
B
*N%:OD;C%*ON )a'atan Ker+a :aya 1)K:5 of Daerah A!or Ga+ah, -e!aka as a c!ient need to deve!o& a ne road# %he &ro+ect is 8/:O)EK -E-/E:ELOK* DAN -EL;:;$KAN )ALAN DA:* $*-/ANG A-/A% KE /;LA; $E.ANG 1-95, DAE:AH ALO: GA)AH, -ELAKA8 hich have to +"nction# %he tota! cost of this conventiona! &ro+ect is :-?#3 mi!!ion for the 9#3=km !ong of the ne road# %his &ro&osed road as an additiona! road to contro! trac o from $im&ang Am&at to the /"!a" $e'ang 'eca"se this road as in foc"sing area that &!aced in front of -e!aka /remi"m O"t!et 1-/O5, A8FA-O$A resort hich is Water %heme /ark and near to the D"rian sa!es area hich is the attracting &!ace in this area# %herefore, this &ro+ect ith fo"r !anes and has to +"nctions can ease the moving of trans&ortation and trac o# /ro+ect is !ocated near to the !itt!e farm s"rro"nding the resident area# -oreover, this &ro+ect !ocated at the s!o&e area that can 'e risk toards contractor d"ring on site constr"ction and "sers after &ro+ect com&!ete!y done# %he &ro+ect is a'o"t 9 month starts on Octo'er B9? ith site c!earance activity# %here ere have to residents &!ace !ocated a!ong this road# $o, the c!earance activity of the area took a'o"t ve eeks to accom&!ish d"e to &ro'!ems ith oner i!!ingness and the com&ensation# After that, this &ro+ect contin"ed ith the earthork activity hich inc!"ded the c"t and !! method to &ro&osed !eve! of formation# %his &ro+ect sho"!d 'e com&!ete on B4th )"!y B93 '"t contractor asking for E(tension of %ime 1EO%5 d"e to the &ro'!ems occ"r s"ch as ood and the oner of !and did not give the &ermission to enter their !and# D"ring the visit, this &ro+ect are at ear!y stage hich is earth ork, so the doc"ment that are needed for the re&ort are not com&!ete!y avai!a'!e s"ch as min"te meeting and !etter in and !etter o"t# $o, the com&any gives the doc"ment from the !atest com&!eted &ro+ect hich is /E-.*NAAN 2
.ANG;NAN %A-.AHAN 9B .*L*K DA:)AH DAN LA*NILA*N KE:)A .E:KA*%AN D* $-K KE- %E:ENDAK# $o, st"dents are 'eing e(&osed to the constr"ction ind"stry &!ayer inc!"ding the res&onsi'i!ity, the sco&e of ork of &ersonne!, &ro'!em that may occ"r and safety at constr"ction site#
O:GAN*A%*ON CHA:%
DA%;K H) *:# A.D;L :A*F .*N *.:AH*/ENGE:;$*
AKA:*A .*N -OHD
$A.A:*AH .% -D A-*N
/ENGA:AH ;:;$AN
AF:;LLAH .*N -D A-*N
F*%:*A .% $;/A:D* AN%O
);:;%E:A /:O)EK A.D;L :AAK .*N AL*A$ /ENG;:;$ /:O EK
N;: $H;HADAH .% $*DEK
%;AN -OHD AL A-*N .*N %;AN -;DA
-;HA-AD AA- .*N A:*$
/ENOLONG );:;%E:A
-OHD A$LA- A$:AF .*N A.D;LLAH AGEN %A/AK AHAD .*N H;$$*EN O/E:A%O: -E$*N
%;AN -AWAN AN;A: .*N %;AN -;DA =
/E:$ON *N>OL>E ON $*%E J/ro+ect -anager 1Encik H+ akaria 'in -ohd5 -r# akaria is st"died at ;niversity /ertanian -a!aysia1;/-5 on his di&!oma in agric"!t"re and as his rst 7"a!ication# %hen, the manager contin"ed his st"dies ith the same ;niversity for his .ache!or# Hence, -r# akaria had s"ccessf"!!y grad"ate ith Di&!oma in Agric"!t"re at 92 hi!e .ache!or in Agric"!t"re at 93# -r akaria
has many e(&erienced a'o"t
civi! engineering sco&es and orks s"ch as served as a government ocia! in $kim Khidmat $am'i!an 1$K$5 di )a'atan Negeri -e!aka# .esides that he got invo!ved in the constr"ction ind"stry as a ho!e after 7"itting the &osition in $K$ and starting to get invo!ved as c!ass F contractor# -r 6akaria no had 'een "&grade to G3 registered ith C*D.# He a!so act as a !eader of /ersat"an Kontraktor -e!ay" -e!aka 1/K--5 from B4 "nti!! B92 hich is the gro"& of ."mi&"tera8s contractor in -a!acca# -r# akaria has many e(&eriences in im&!ementing the ork from the sma!! &ro+ect to the 'igger &ro+ect# With the G3 !icense from C*D., he can get the &ro+ect of :- 9,,# and 'e!o hich as aarded 'y the Government
agencies#
He
had
attended
co"rses
organi6ed
'y
the
Government and the &rivate sector in the e!d of constr"ction# His com&any has connection ith /o!iteknik -e!aka, and he !et the st"dents of &o!iteknik me!aka to carry o"t the internshi& and &ractica! at his com&any#
?
J@"antity $"rveyor 1:os!an 'in A'd :ahman5 C!ient hich is )a'atan Ker+a :aya 1)K:5, A!or Ga+ah has hired a &rofessiona! s"rveyor hich is -r# :os!an 'in A'd :ahman# -r :os!an is a!ready ?3 years o!d and &artici&ated for the civi! engineering orks a'o"t 2 years# %y&ica! orks for s"rvey orks can 'e faced 'y -r# :os!an d"e to a !ot of e(&erience hand!e vario"s of s"rveying orks that has its on cha!!enges# From the this /ro+ect -em&ere!oki dan -e!"r"skan )a!an dari $im&ang Am&at ke /"!a" $e'ang1-95, A!or Ga+ah -e!aka8 'eg"n on Octo'er B9?, ork starting ith s"rvey, site c!earance and earthork activity# -r# :os!an ho as !eader that cond"cted and managed a!! the s"rvey orks on site# A!! the re!ated sco&e of orks had advised 'y -r#:os!an s"ch as here and ho the ork sho"!d carried o"t# Workers on site often have a g"ide!ine from -r# :os!an if there is &ro'!em ith the s"rveying# J$ite Agent 1$h"hadah 'inti $idek5 -iss $h"hadah is site agent for this /ro+ect -em&ere!oki dan -e!"r"skan )a!an dari $im&ang Am&at ke /"!a" $e'ang1-95, A!or Ga+ah -e!aka8# On the constr"ction site, $h"hadah take res&onsi'i!ity to manage a!! the orkers and machinery is in a good condition# -oreover, $h"hadah give a hand to he!& orkers carried o"t the ork given# $h"hadah &revio"s st"dies in /o!iteknik -er!ima" and had Di&!oma Civi! Engineering# $h"hadah had ork for $yarikat akaria .in -ohd1$.-5 for a three years# *t is 'egin on $e&tem'er B92 as a &ractica! st"dent of /o!iteknik -er!ima" ithin si( months# D"ring the internshi&, $h"hadah &artici&ated ith /ro+ect Kem %rendak# $h"hadah acts as s"&ervisor on site and rote the
3
dai!y re&ort for the &ro+ect# .esides, the !earning &rocess contin"ed ith concreting, &!astering and the other orks# After nishes the internshi&, $h"hadah contin"ed ork for $.- as a c!erk# A!! orks in oce can 'e a'!e hand!e and ada&t easi!y s"ch as !etters of com&any# For the e(am&!e, ongoing &ro+ect have com&!aint from the c!ient# $h"hadah i!! take a ro!e as re&resentative of com&any and inform the other sta on sites# %hen, $h"hadah &re&ared feed'ack for c!ient after maintenance ork had done# $ometimes, $h"hadah +oin the other make maintenance and re&air the defect orks# %his ongoing &ro+ect is the second &ro+ect that $h"hadah f"!!y invo!ved# %he cha!!enges &art that $h"hadah e(&erienced is the s"rvey &rocess# *t is 'eca"se, a!! of orks may 'e risked if there ere mistaken d"ring !eve!ing and conto"r &rocess in s"rveying# %his &rocess is very im&ortant to ens"re that the acc"rate of orks# J$ite safety and hea!th 1%"an -ohd A!IAmin 'in %"an -"da 5 $ite safety ocer for $yarikat akaria 'in -ohd 1$.-5 is %"an -ohd A!IAmin 'in %"an -"da# He st"dies at ;niversity %eknika! -a!aysia 1;%e-5 on B# D"ring the semester 'reak, A!IAmin do a &art time +o' ith this com&any as constr"ction orker# He started orking ith this com&any after he grad"ate for Di&!oma in -echanica! Engineering at ;%e-# He get invo!ved in many &ro+ect s"ch as /ro+ect Of +a!an %am&in hich is the rst &ro+ect for his career ho!ding &osition as site agent# %he com&any giving tr"st to him to hand!e another &ro+ect s"ch as /ro+ect .a!ai .om'a )asin, )am'atan $"ngai :am'ai, seko!ah teknik +asin and $eko!ah Kem %erendak# As a site safety ocer, he ens"res that the safety as&ect on site as g"anranteed# He i!! check for the safety of the orker every day 'efore their start the ork# $ince he ho!d the &osition of safety ocer, there is no accident ha&&en to the orker# 4
For this /ro+ect -em&ere!oki dan -e!"r"skan )a!an dari $im&ang Am&at ke /"!a" $e'ang1-95, A!or Ga+ah -e!aka8 he as site safety ocer, got the most cha!!enges &art 'eca"se of rainy season# $ome ork cannot 'e done to ens"re the safety of orker s"ch as e(cavation 'eca"se the area is stee& area, so hen rainy day, the soi! 'ecome s!i&&ery and dangero"s to contin"e the ork# He a!so ens"res that the machinery and the e7"i&ment are &!aced &ro&er!y to avoid any incident to 'e occ"red#
/E:$ONAL DE%A*L OF ENG*NEE: 1# .hg Dat"k H+ *r A'd"! :a6if 'in *'rahim5 # .hg Dat"k H+ *r A'd"! :a6if 'in *'rahim as 'orn on 2 $e&tem'er 9?=# -r# *r :a6if 'ackgro"nd st"dies for di&!oma at ;niversity %ekno!ogi -a!aysia 1;%-5 hi!e nishes for 'ache!or at ;niversity of G!asgo, $cot!and# EDUCATION
94 I .ACHELO: OF $C*ENCE 1C*>*L ENG*NEE:*NG5 HON$, ;N*>E:$*% OF GLA$GOW, $CO%LAND# 94? I D*/LO-A *N C*>*L $%:;C%;:E ;N*>E:$*% %EKNOLOG* -ALA$*A 1;%-5 EXPERIENCE OGOS 1978 – MEI 1980
Civi! Engineer, Caangan Ker+a %entera, *'" /e+a'at )kr K"a!a L"m&"rM storey residence, oce '"i!dings and &re&ared &!an of %ata At"r Kh"s"s ;nt"k Kementerian /ertahanan# JUN 1980 – DISEMBER 1982
)"r"tera Aam /ro+ek Ammo $tore, )kr K!"angM :"nning Works Constr"ction /ro+ect $"&ervision ."i!dings Like Army Amm"nition $torage ."i!ding and -anagement , :ise :esidentia! ."i!dings and Land#
JAN 1983 – DISEMBER 1983
Civi! Engineer %ingkatan Kanan )kr Wi!ayah /ersek"t"an K"a!a L"m&"r
:"n
Works -aintenance of Government ."i!dings and $"&ervise Constr"ction /ro+ects#
JAN 1984 – JUN 1990
)"r"tera Daerah )kr K"a!a /i!ah, Negeri $em'i!an, Leading ocia!s )kr K"a!a /i!ah :"nning %asks Administration Oce, Government ."i!ding -aintenance, Constr"ction /ro+ect -anagement As $choo! ."i!ding, Hea!th C!inics and :"ra! :oads /ro+ect# Direct!y invo!ved in the management of the Government Co"nci! Es&ecia!!y at *stana $eri -enanti, Negeri $em'i!an#
JULAI 1990 – JUN 1992
$enior Engineer )o' Deve!o&ment ;nit of the *nternationa! *s!amic ;niversity # Loaned %o $tart /!anning For ;ia Gom'ak Cam&"s And -aintenance Works and /ro+ects *n /eta!ing )aya ;ia :"nning %asks /!anning Cons"!tant Work With Government Agencies #
JULAI 1992 – DISEMBER 1995
Chief Assistant Director of the Federa! Deve!o&ment De&artment of $a'ah, Kota Kina'a!" M :"nning %asks -"!ti&!e /ro+ects Coordination -inistry of Foreign $a'ahse&erti %he /ro+ect *m&!ementation /!an , -onitoring and *m&!ementation /ro+ect Deve!o&ment Cons"!tant #
OGOS 1996 – OGOS 2000
/eno!ong /engarah Kanan 1)a!an5 )kr /"!a" /inangM -enget"ai .ahagian )a!an )kr /"!a" /inangM -erancang /ro+ek Dan -enyedia Anggaran /er'e!an+aan %ah"nan,
-enye!aras
Ker+a
/enye!engaraan
)a!an
Dan
-enye!aras
/ermohonan /em'ang"nan %e&i )a!an, /eng"r"san /ro+ek Dengan Agensi Kera+aan#
OGOS 2000 – MAC 2006 9
Ket"a /eno!ong /engarah Kanan ;nit /ro+ek Khas, Caangan )a!an *'" /e+a'at )kr K"a!a L"m&"r Dan Ditem&atkan Di ."tterorth /"!a" /inangM :"nning %asks /ro+ect Constr"ction $"&ervision Coordination $e'erang /rai .ridge And :oad Direction # %his 'ridge &ro+ect is /recast $egmenta! and $ing!e /!ane Ca'!e $tay .ridge ith :entang ;tama a!ong m# %his 'ridge &ro+ect a!so has received an aard of $tr"ct"ra! Engineering Aard ;nited Kingdom# APRIL 2006 – 3 SEPTEMBER 2014
/"'!ic Works De&artment 1/WD5, -e!akas director# *r :a6if carried o"t res&onsi'!e for Administrations Oce that invo!ved )kr -e!aka /ersonne! -anagement , Financia! -anagement , /ro+ect -anagement , Constr"ction and -aintenance of :oads , infrastr"ct"re &ro+ects as &!anner of the $tate and Federa! Leve! -eeting $its $tate *m&!ementation -onitoring /ro+ect and as technica! adviser #
99
L*$% /A:%*E$ *N>OL>ED Contractor 1$yarikat akaria .in -ohd $dn# .hd#5 %he contractor, &eo&!e ho res&onsi'!e to carry o"t the &ro+ect that are !isted on tender doc"ment# %hey are a!so res&onsi'!e for the day to day monitoring of a constr"ction site, management of vendors and trades, and the comm"nication of information to a!! invo!ved &arties thro"gho"t the co"rse of a '"i!ding &ro+ect# D"ring site visit session, the &ro+ect is road constr"ction# %he contractors have 'een there to g"ide and give some instr"ction their orkers doing the +o's# Engineer %he $ite Engineer that invo!ve in this &ro+ect, is the one ho is res&onsi'!e for managing the &ro+ect inc!"ding its risks# When the &ro+ect manager is &roactive, the &ro+ect team i!! a!so &artici&ate in risk management im&!ementation# *n this &ro+ect, 'y ho!ding technica! site meetings, the &ro+ect team takes &art in managing risks# For this &ro+ect, )K: have their on Engineer to design the &ro+ect# %he engineer i!! do the visit tice for a eek to !ook the &rogress and "&date if any changes to the &!an# $"&&!ier A &arty that s"&&!ies goods or services hich is s"&&!y the ra materia! or any machinery for constr"ction# A s"&&!ier may 'e disting"ished from a contractor or s"'contractor, ho common!y adds s&ecia!i6ed in&"t to de!ivera'!es# %he contractor has co!!a'oration 'eteen the s"&&!ier to s"&&!y machinery, sand, grass and the other materia! that are needed for the constr"ction# 9B
Onerc!ient 1)K:5 %he sector that initiates the &ro+ect, ass"me the risk and en+oy the &rot or meets the !oss# %he oner has the &oer to defer giving &ossession of site to the contractor and res&onsi'!e for ca!!ing and recommendation of tenders# *n this &ro+ect, the )K: is the oner of the &ro+ect# A!so, hen visiting the constr"ction area, the )K: a!so at there to s"&ervising the &rogress of constr"ction ork# )K: give the order and the contractor +"st fo!!o the order and if any &ro'!em occ"r, the contractor can8t 'e '!ame#
92
*$$;E$ ON $*%E 1/ro'!em Occ"r and Ways to Overcome5 D"ring the earthork stages, after done on c"tting soi!, contractor of this &ro+ect sho"!d im&ort 24m 2 of soi! to !! soi! activity# %hen, d"e to this 'ig amo"nt of the im&orted soi!, )K: change the &ro&osed !eve! to red"ce the cost# /ro'!ems occ"r hen contractor in &rogress carrying the task of !!ed ork fo!!oed the draing# For the area had 'een e!! com&acted ith !! method need to 'e c"t 'ack to &ro&ose the ne formation !eve!# %herefore, the &ro+ect haves&ent additiona! time for this task and had de!ay to &roceed any orks# Whi!e sti!! in &rogress to form the formation !eve!, the contractor contin"ed t"rf grass on the side s!o&e to &revent s!o&e fai!"re d"e to additiona! !eve! of the &ro+ect# .esides, the tota! changes of draing are a'o"t fo"r times, have de!ay the &rogress of the &ro+ect8s sched"!ing# )K: is in consideration for the 'est so!"tion and s"its to the area &ro+ect# Whi!e contractor have over time 1O%5 hich orking on $"nday to make s"re the task accom&!ish satisfactori!y# $o the contractor had to do the >ariation Order 'eca"se of many changes and additiona! ha&&en# D"ring the rainy day, the dierent !eve! 'eteen the site !ocation and the '"i!ding area near'y i!! aect the orks on sites# %his is 'eca"se, the rain ater from the high area hich is -/O8s '"i!ding o to the site constr"ction thro"gh the second +"nction and dist"r'ed the soi! that had 'een com&acted# %hen, the soi! i!! o to the resident8s farm area d"e to !o !eve! area# %herefore, )K: A!or Ga+ah iss"ed a directive that the road +"nction at -/O '"i!ding needs to 'e c!osed to red"ce the ater os that dist"r'ed the constr"ction orks hen rainy day# %he /ro+ect need to demo!ished to residentia! ho"ses area and D"rian8s farm a!ong the 9#3=ki!ometres# $o, )K: A!or Ga+ah needs to &ay com&ensation to the oner of the area# %his &ro+ect had de!ay d"ring site 9=
c!earance a'o"t a eek aiting for oner to give the &ermission to the contractor to enter their !and 'eca"se of they do not get the &ayment of com&ensation# .esides, this &ro+ect had a &ro'!em ith access road for the !o section resident
area
and
farm#
%his
'eca"se,
residentia!
and
farmer
"se
constr"ction site as entrance to the main ro"te# *t i!! ca"se many &ro'!ems that the soi! is dist"r'ed either 'y !orry or car from the farmer or the residents# On the other hand, residents of the area make com&!aints d"e to the same &ro'!em# %he resident dai!y activities have a !imit d"e to &ro'!em ith the entrance from the constr"ction sites and to ens"re their safety# $o that, ith a !itt!e '"dget, an access road had c"!tivated for 'oth sides ith are contractor and residents f"t"re easiness# Last!y the &ro'!em that occ"r d"ring the constr"ction is, hen the contractor im&orted the soi!, they are "sing the main access road, and ca"se the road d"sty and dirty# $o the residents make a re&ort to the a"thorities, and the contractor had 'een im&osed to !ega! action for tice#
9?
CHALLENGE$ FACED . -ALA$*A *ND;$%: Constr"ction ski!!ed shortage orkers have 'ecome or!dide iss"e# *t a!so 'ecomes the greatest cha!!enge facing -a!aysian constr"ction ind"stry# -oreover, &artici&ation 'y !oca! orkforce is not very enco"raging and there8s "nderstood that ski!!ed orkers &rod"ced from vocationa! training ere not meeting ind"stry8s needs# $ome of them !eft constr"ction sector even after "ndergo training from constr"ction training instit"tions# -a!aysian constr"ction has &ro'!ems in the a'i!ity to get the so"rce of !a'o"r as e!! as retained ski!! &eo&!e and has to de&end on foreign orker to res&ond to the high demand of ski!!ed orkers d"e to ra&id deve!o&ment in -a!aysia and &oor &artici&ation from !oca! &eo&!e# %he sit"ation 'ecomes more serio"s as most foreign orkers are taken ork does not have the ski!!s and !ess &rod"ctivity 1C*D., -arch BB5# %his condition occ"rs as a res"!t of rising age &ress"res to hire !oca! orkforce# *t is easier to take the !ead
avai!a'!e ref"sed to make the constr"ction
ind"stry as a so"rce of em&!oyment# %his is 'eca"se the constr"ction sector is said to 'e !ess stressf"! and safety factor hea!th 1C*-/, B?5# *n the !ast 9 years, from 92 to B2, the n"m'er accidents that have 'een re&orted are consistent than =, cases &er year# %his has res"!ted in the constr"ction ind"stry has 'een associated ith 2D images 1Dirty, Dangero"s and Dic"!t5 1C*-/, B?5# %he sit"ation 'ecomes ac"te hen Constr"ction *nd"stry Deve!o&ment .oard 1C*D.5 the ma+ority of em&!oyment in the sector nation '"i!ding !!ed 'y foreign orkers ho are not ski!!ed Demand &rod"ce high 7"a!ity &rod"ct, !o maintenance and constr"ction cost Noadays, the constr"ction ind"stry is very com&etitive, &ractices in the ind"stry have res"!ted in re!ative!y !o &rod"ctivity as com&ared ith other sectors# %he ineectiveness and !o &rod"ctivity are ca"sed 'y the fai!"re of the ind"stry to "ti!i6e the ne as e!! as other re!evant !a'o"r 93
red"cing techno!ogies# At &resent, the &rod"cts of the constr"ction ind"stry are genera!!y not of a high 7"a!ity# Factors that contri'"te to a !ack of 7"a!ity in constr"ction are &oor design and '"i!da'!e, ineective s"&ervision, !ack of ski!!ed man&oer,
inade7"ate
and
ina&&ro&riate
e7"i&ment, nancia!
&ro'!ems and !ack of information at &oint of "se# Com&etition from foreigners With the high demand for constr"ction activities in &revio"s years, the ind"stry has attracted a h"ge n"m'er of foreign orkers into this co"ntry to take "& em&!oyment on site as "nski!!ed !a'o"r doing man"a! +o's# According to Constr"ction *nd"stry Deve!o&ment .oard 1C*D.5 -a!aysia, 3P 1??B 5, o"t of the tota! of registered orkers as at )"ne B4 is foreign orkers# *t is a h"ge n"m'er hich distress the sta'i!ity and groth of domestic economy and created socia! &ro'!ems# -any of foreign orkers ere "nski!!ed orkers hich ca"se the !o &rod"ctivity of ork# %he !oca!s are re!"ctant to +oin the ind"stry d"e to the !o sa!ary scheme# *t8s 'eing oered to foreign orkers and rong image &ro+ected 'y the ind"stries# %herefore, government &"t in &!ace meas"res to enco"rage ind"stries to moveI"& the va!"e chain and, here &ossi'!e, to a"tomation and mechanise
their
o&erations
and
in
areas
here
a"tomation
and
mechanisation as not &ossi'!e, eorts ere 'eing made to re&!ace foreign orkers ith ski!!ed orkforce# $afety as&ects A!tho"gh, records tend to sho that the constr"ction ind"stry is among the !eaders in the fre7"ency of in+"ries and fata!ity# %he fata!ity rate 'y occ"&ationa! accidents in constr"ction is one of the highest in the co"ntry ith 4B recorded cases in B and ? cases in B4# %hese rates ere on a &ar ith the n"m'er of cases in the man"fact"ring ind"stry, a!so the man"fact"ring sector &rod"ced a !arger vo!"me of orks and a higher
94
n"m'er of occ"&ationa! accidents# %ho"gh the n"m'er of incidents, in+"ries and fata!ity has dec!ined signicant!y over the &ast decades, the c"rrent n"m'er recorded is sti!! high and "nacce&ta'!e as com&ared to other deve!o&ed co"ntries# %his is d"e to the c"rrent &ractices of the constr"ction ind"stry hich often take &!ace o"tdoors "nder conditions hich are not favo"ra'!e to hea!th and safety# %he main ca"se of accident in constr"ction is fa!!ing from e!evation, !ike a fa!! from a roof, scao!ding co!!a&sing, and str"ct"res co!!a&sing, fo!!oed 'y 'eing str"ck, hich inc!"des 'eing str"ck 'y fa!!ing o'+ects, r"n over 'y heavy e7"i&ment or str"ck 'y a crane, 'oom or !oad# Financing $t"dies sho that constr"ction ind"stry is more risks and "ncertainties than any other ind"stries# *n constr"ction ind"stry, the o'+ect of attention &art on time and cost overr"ns i!! 'e high!ight associated ith constr"ction &ro+ects# %he constr"ction ind"stry is e!!Iknon for 'eing f"!! of &ro+ects that ere com&!eted ith signicant cost overr"ns# *t has 'een re&orted that many constr"ction &ro+ects have e(ceeded their initia! '"dgets ith cost increase in the range of ?Q9P and sometimes 'eyond 9P# %he risks that occ"r in constr"ction &ro+ects i!! "s"a!!y !ead to ina'i!ity to achieve the desired &ro+ect o'+ectives# De!ays, cost overr"ns, and red"ction of 7"a!ity of &ro+ects are the common negative eects of risk inherent to constr"ction &ro+ects# Fai!"re to manage might 'e f"rther res"!t in nancia! !oss, damage of re&"tation, and !oss of f"t"re '"siness# %h"s, nancia! dic"!ties may a!so re!ate to other reasons s"ch as economic crisis or s"dden crisis in the &rice of materia!s#
9
AWA:ENE$$ $AFE% AND HEAL%H Constr"ction sites are dangero"s &!aces, ith inn"mera'!e ha6ards and dangers &resent that can ca"se i!!ness, in+"ry or death to a site orker# %hese inc!"de dangers s"ch as CO$HH risks 1ha6ardo"s s"'stances s"ch as d"st, chemica!s etc5, in+"ries from too!s, fa!!ing from height, man"a! hand!ing in+"ries, 'eing hit 'y moving constr"ction vehic!es, and many more# %he increasing !eve! of hea!th and safety !egis!ation over the &ast to or three decades has &!aced a great !eve! of res&onsi'i!ity on site managers and s"&ervisors for ens"ring that the constr"ction site is as safe as reasona'!y &ossi'!e for those ho ork on it# As e!! as the emotiona! side, accidents and i!!nesses can 'e e(treme!y cost!y for a constr"ction rm# A orker ho 'ecomes i!! or in+"red as a res"!t of "n!af"! neg!igence can s"e for com&ensation, hich co"!d t"rn into a signicant amo"nt if it is a serio"s i!!nessin+"ry# Even if a constr"ction rm has com&!ied ith a!! !egis!ation it is sti!! in its interest to try and &revent accidents and i!!nesses, as having orkers recovering at home rather than orking i!! s!o &ro+ects don, or !ead to increased costs if tem&orary cover needs to 'e drafted in and &aid for hi!st the rm a!so has the '"rden of sick &ay for the in+"redi!! orker# .ased on the site visits, the safety and hea!th ocer for $.-8s com&any at the site for this &ro+ect is %"an -ohd A! Amin 'in %"an -"da# %"an Amin ho is one of the &erson that had 'een intervieed# He said that the most im&ortant safety &reca"tion on site is safety attire s"ch as safety shoes and safety vest# .esides that, since the &ro+ect is constr"ct a road, so the s"ita'!e sign'oard m"st 'e "sed to !et the "ser of the road kno that there is a constr"ction site in that area, so the "ser 'ecomes more a!ert an caref"!!y hen "sing that area# *f the site is accessi'!e to the &"'!ic, caref"! consideration sho"!d 'e given to the safety of mem'ers of the &"'!ic hi!st ork is in &rogress and to fencing and otherise making the site safe hen ork is not in &rogress# Another safety &reca"tion is a!! site &ersonne! sho"!d
9
kno the !ocation of the nearest hos&ita! ith a 1f"nctioning5 Accident and Emergency ;nit# For the machinery and e7"i&ment, the s&ecic area as &rovided to &!ace the machinery hen it8s not 'een "se# %he o&erator of machinery m"st have e(&erienced and !icense s"ch as the driver of e(cavator that are !icensed "nder C*D.# A!! &ersonne! orking on a site sho"!d 'e &ro&er!y trained for the tasks hich they are asked to "ndertake, and &artic"!ar!y in the o&eration of any &!ant or e7"i&ment hich they may "se# Other orker sho"!d 'e made f"!!y aare of the ha6ards of orking on a site here &!ant and e7"i&ment o&erates# Waste s"'stances s"ch as 'arre!s of oi! or any s"'stances m"st 'e gathered at one &!ace 'efore the !orry comes to trans&ort the astage to the !and!!# %here is im&ortance for have &ro&er astage management to avoid any accident occ"r#
B
CONCL;$*ON .ased on the site visit, the st"dents are a'!e to "nderstand a'o"t the constr"ction s"ch as the &ro'!em and iss"e that i!! occ"r# From that, the st"dents i!! sim&!ify and so!ve the &ro'!em according to the 'asic kno!edge of engineering that had !earnt from /art 9 ti!! /art 3# Common iss"es that had 'een occ"r is a'o"t time hich is one of the three constraints, so the st"dents 'e a'!e to identied the 'est method of constr"ction to f"!!! the %hree Constraints# %he st"dents a!so had gain kno!edge a'o"t the management of constr"ction &arties and ho the &arties comm"nicate to once organi6ation and a!so the f"nction res&onsi'i!ity of the &arties invo!ved in civi! ork# .esides that, the st"dents had determined the cha!!enges faced 'y the -a!aysia constr"ction ind"stry and the so!"tion of the &ro'!ems occ"r# *n additiona!, the st"dents are "nderstand a'o"t the im&ortant and aareness of the safety and hea!th at constr"ction site and the a"thorities that are res&onsi'!e for the safety and hea!th # $t"dents a!so can 'e dierentiated 'eteen the management on site and in the oce 'esides the &erson that are res&onsi'!e 'eteen these to conditions# %h"s, the st"dents determine to ens"re that the constr"ction ork going smooth!y hich is m"st have a monitoring from the /ro+ect -anager and the c!ient# From the site visit, the st"dents a!so kno ho the contractor get the order if any changes ha&&en or if any additiona! cost for the changes# As a conc!"sion, the site visits give chances to the st"dents on deve!o&ing of kno!edge 'esides can re!ate the co"rse that had 'een take in /art 3 ith the rea! !ife of civi! ork# %his kno!edge is im&ortant to the st"dents for the f"t"re and for a&&!ying +o'#
B9
:EFFE:ENCE$ •
• • • • • •
Lect"rer of /ro+ect and Constr"ction -anagement 1EC-2335, -r# $aif"! 'in )"ma!i Fitria 'inti $"&ardiyanto 1$"&ervisor of $.-5 Encik H+ akaria 'in -ohd 1/ro+ect -anager5 %"an -ohd A!IAmin 'in %"an -"da 1$afety Ocer5 :os!an 'in A'd :ahman 1@"antity $"rveyor5 $h"hadah 'inti $idek 1$ite Agent5 Goog!e#com
BB
A//END*CE$
Fig"re 9S C*D. certicate of $yarikat akaria .in -ohd $dn .hd# B2
Fig"re BS *ntervie the &rofessiona! s"rveyor, -r# :os!an
Fig"re 2S $ite Agent, site safety ocer and s"&ervisor of the &ro+ect# B=
Fig"re =S A!IAmin and $h"hadah are meas"red idth of !ane that sho"!d &rovide#
B?
Fig"re ?S $"&ervisor of the site 'riey e(&!ain a'o"t the &ro+ect and its &rogress
Fig"re 3S Gathering the information and !ist o"t the &ro'!ems in sites
B3
Fig"re 4S $ite agent shared her e(&erience on the &revio"s sites#
B4
