1.0
INTRODUCTION
Fire safety regulation for buildings in Malaysia focused on the design and construction of adequate life safety,fire prevention, fire protection and fire fighting facilities in new buildings. Its main purpose was to prevent fire outbreak as well as to ensure the safety of occupants should a fire breakout in those premises. A fire extinguishing system designed by a specialist provides the best possible protection for people and property. In the case of a fire, it will minimise the damage. Our engineers always choose the right kind of automatic extinguishing system and suppression agent for each particular case on the basis of the fire load, type of premises and the activities carried out in them.
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2.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the exact method of inspection of fire extinguisher system in the new building. b) To study the exact method of testing to the all equipment of fire extinguisher system. c) To understand the commission of fire extinguishing system.
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3.0 THE ISSUANCE OF THE COMPLIANCE (CCC)
CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION AND
The CCC replaces the Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO). It awards a full control to Professional Engineer, Professional Architect and Building Plan Drafts man to issue CCC and Local Authorities will not bother any more to issue Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO). This new system is an attempt towards self-certification and selfregulation approach in the construction industry. Completion and Compliance Certification (CCC) was put on effect on12 April 2007. CCC will cut down on red-tape and ensure that house buyers and building owners get to move in as quickly as possible without compromising their safety. The introduction of the matrix of responsibility, will improve the accountabilit y and responsibility aspect.
3.1
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ISSUANCE OF CCC
1. The CCC will be issued by the Professional Architect or Professional Engineer who is registered with the respective Board of Architects Malaysia (BAM) or Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) acting in the capacity of PSP. 2. For buildings which require intensive design input, the Professional Architect will function as the PSP while the Professional Engineer will be the PSP for the projects with high engineering input in nature. 3. For the bungalows which do not exceed 2 floors in height and 300square meters in total built up floor area, the registered Building 4. Draughtsman will perform the role of PSP and will issue the CCC. 5. The CCC can only be issued when all parties concerned are satisfied that the building construction have been supervised and completed full compliance with the provisions of the law and technical conditions as imposed by the LA in approving the Planning Permission and Building Plan
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4.0
APPLICATION APPLICATION PROCEDURE FROM APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
4.1 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
APPLICATION STARTS ST START
OPEN THE FILE/ RECORD REGISTER
RECEIVE
DESIGNATION OF
COMPLETE
PROJECT
DOCUMENT
CATEGORY
CHECKLIST
DRAFT DOCUMENT
OFFICIAL PLAN CONFIRMATION
JKP MEETING
PROCESS
REVIEW BY OFFICIALS PREPARATION PROCESS AND MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF JKP
PROVIDE A DISTRIBUTES TO
APPROVAL LETTER
CONFIRMATION
OFFICER
AND
LETTER AND
REQUIREMENTS
RECORD AND SEND TO THE APPLICANT
REJECTION LETTER
END
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4.2 M&E PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
APPLICATION STARTS ST START
CHECKLIST FORM RECEIVE
OPEN THE FILE/ RECORD REGISTERS
OFFICIAL PLAN
REVIEW BY THE
DISTRIBUTES TO
JKP MEETING
OFFICIALS
OFFICER
CONFIRMATION
LETTER OF
RECORD AND SEND
LETTER AND
APPROVAL
TO THE APPLICANT
CONFIRMATION PROCESS
PROVIDE A
REJECTION LETTER
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END
4.3 BUILDING INSPECTION FOR ISSUED OF STAGE CERTIFICATE APPROVAL LETTER
STARTS ST START
PAYMENT WILL BE
(CHECKLIST)
MADE
APPLICATION
INSPECTION SUPPORT
EARLY REVIEW
INSPECTION
REPORT
COMPLETE THE
PROVIDE A LETTER
CONFIRMATION
FORM 3
OF RELEASE
LETTER
END
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INFORMATION APPOINTMENT
SEND LETTER
RECORD AND STASTIC
5.0 PARTIES INVOLVE COMMISSIONING
DURING
INSPECTION,
TESTING
5.1 Commissioning Team
1)Owner 2)Facilities Management Division 3)Commissioning Agent (CA) 4)Design Team 5)General Contractor 6)Fire Protection Contractor 7)Fire Alarm Contractor
5.2 Commissioning Agents
1. Contractor . a. Project Manager b. Test Engineer 2. Subcontractors: As appropriate to product or system being commissioned 3. Green Consultant 4. Architect/Engineer a. Architect. b. MEP engineers c. Specialty Consultant 5. Local Authority (LA) a. Approve the Planning Permission b. Approve the Building Plan
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AND
6. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia (Bomba) All matters relating to fire fir e safety have to get permission and approval a pproval from Bomba first. Bomba is responsible for inspecting, testing of all fire protection equipment installed in buildings according to requirements UBBL.
7. Principal Submitting Person (PSP) Submit the Building Plan to the local authority for approval. Coordinate the preparation commence and submission of other plans besides building plans
8. Jabatan Bekalan Air (JBA) Water supply from main pipe has to be connected to the hydrants.
9. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Supply the electricity to the equipped system
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6.0 PROCEDURE TO INSTALL INSTALL FIRE FIRE SYSTEM IN A BUILDING 6.1 The project purpose
At this method the developer will purpose to build the building .At this step also the client will follow the requirement of client about the design of building. 6.2 Architect design the plan
At this method the developer will selected the architect to design the plan based on the client requirement. At this method also the architect will draft the fire system in building 6.3 The engineer will design the fire system in building
At this method the engineer will design the fire system in a building 6.4 Project Inspection
Application for inspection only can be made after Architectural Plan and M&E was approved by the BOMBA. 6.5 Submit the plan to BOMBA
After the design of fire system finished the engineer will submit the plan to BOMBA to get the approval from BOMBA about the design of fire system. Ensure access to the extinguisher is not obstructed by storage bins, file cabinets, or similar items. Make sure the extinguisher is mounted in a location where it is visible and easy to locate during an emergency. Check the tamper-seal to verify it is not broken or missing and ensure the pull-pin is not missing. Check the pressure gauge to make sure the indicator is in the operating range (the needle should be located in the green portion of the gauge). Check the extinguisher for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or a clogged nozzle, and report any problems with campus extinguishers to Fire Prevention Services so we can make corrective measures. Keep track of when the last professional inspection was; off-campus this information is likely written on a paper inspection tag, and on campus Fire Prevention Services monitors the dates of annual inspections through barcodes on the extinguishers. The label should carry SIRIM product certification logo. Each extinguisher shall have a valid Fire and Rescue Department H13certificate and the cylinder body and valve should be rust free.
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7.0 HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Hose reel system cannot be used for other than to fire fighting and testing purpose. Usage of hose reel for washing cars / motorcycle or watering plant is absolutely prohibited. The hose reel which has been placed in the boxes must be accessible. If it is locked, the keys have to be displayed on the boxes to enable it to be used during emergency. Hose reel boxes/rooms cannot be used as storage (especially for storing cleaning equipments, newspaper etc ). The respective Cost Centre i s responsible for this. Any damage, weakness or leakage identified, for example, missing nozzle, leaking hose, vandalism and the like must be reported for correcti ve action to be taken immediately.
7.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD; • B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard; • M.S. 1447: Hose reels with semi-rigid semi -rigid hose • EN 694 : Semi-rigid Semi -rigid hose for first aid fixed installations
7.2.1 HOSE REELS
• Coverage range of 30 m for each reel • One hose reel for every 800 sq. 800 sq. m space area. • Usually located along escape routes or beside exit doors or staircases • Minimum discharge by each hose reel 30 l/m & 6 m jet length • The rubber hoses should be comply with pr EN 694 standard & 30 m in length and 25 mm diameter • Nozzles Nozzles should be of the jet & spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8mm is a recommended size. • Pipework is generally 50 mm diameter and the pipe feed to individual hose not less than 25mm diameter • Above ground pipework : minimum galvanised stee l medium grade (Class B) 10
• Underground pipework : minimum heavy grade (Class C) • Pipe painted with primer & finished with red paint (OR at least elbow & tee must be painted with red bands)
7.2.2 HOSE REEL PUMPS
• Two sets of pumps. One on duty & the ot her on standby • 120 l/m and at least 2 bars in pressure press ure for any four hose reels operating at the same time • Emergency generator/diesel engine adequate for minimum of 1 hour operation • Electrical cabling should be run in galvanised steel conduit • Batter ies ies for diesel engine must be maintenance free type • If total number of hose reel is not more than 4, electrically driven is enough no need to have an emergency generator/diesel engine. • Should provide with CO2 portable extinguisher • The pumps should be protected be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
7.2.3 HOSE REEL TANKS
• Tank size based on 2275 litres for the first hose reel & others 1137.5 litres to maximum of 9100 litres for each system • Tank material: pressed steel, fibre glass reinforced polyester reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete. • The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided • External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted • The tank will automatically refill from water supply pipe supply pipe of 50mm diameter and minimum flow is 150/m • Usually hose reel tanks are separated from domestic water storage tank. However, the two can be combined to give sum total capacity. 11
• Tap off point of the domestic use must be above the tap off point of for the hose reels so that minimum fire reserve is always maintained
7.2.4 GRAVITY FEED HOSE REEL SYSTEM
• Tank located on the roof or upper floors and the static pressure is adequate to achive the required pressure & flow rate. • If pumps required, a by a by pass pipe is usually provided
7.3 INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Check that: 1. Required maintenance has been carried out and recorded. 2. Operating instructions are correct. 3. Fire hose reel cabinet signage is provided. 4. The cabinet is free of extraneous matter. 5. The fire hose reel is accessible at all times
7.4 TESTING 7.4.1 HOSEREEL BOOSTER PUMP
Auto cut-in/cut-off of pumps when hose reel is operating/pressure is re-established.
Auto changeover from duty to standby pump
7.4.2 PIPEWORK TESTING
Pipework is required to be hydrostatically tested to the greater of 1700 kPa or 1.5 times the highest working pressure to which the system will be subjected, for a period of at least 2 hours. A number of installations have failed this test, due mainly to inadequate or undersized flanges and thrust blocks, or poor workmanship.
7.4.3 OUTLET
The reel and valve assembly shall be connected to a water supply and with the outlet blocked it shall be subjected to an internal hydraulic pressure of 20 bar for a period of not less than 5 minutes 12
The test shall be considered successful only if at the end of the test period there has been no sign of leakage.
7.4.4 PUMPSET TESTING
Constant flow water system typically includes both water distribution piping and pumps, as well as heat transfer elements (such as cooling and/or heating coils in air handling units, cooling towers, condenser bundles, and water-cooled process loads). Isolation valves, and 3-way control valves, as well as various temperature, pressure, and flow sensors.
Figure 1 : Hose Reel System
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8.0 DRY RISER SYSTEM
Dry fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes, fitted with inlet connections at fire service access level and landing valves at specified points, which is normally dry but is capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from fire and rescue service appliances.
8.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD; • B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard; • M.S. 1210: Part 2 - Landing Valves for Dry Risers • M.S. 1210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching Riser inlets • M.S. 1210: Part 4 – Boxes Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers • M.S. 1210: Part 5 – Boxes Boxes for Inlet Breeching
8.2.1 LANDING VALVE
• Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor • Located at lobbies & staircases • Installed Installed 0.75 m above floor level • Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4 • Fire hose rubber -lined -lined type complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve
8.2.2 BREECHING INLET
• The fire brigade breeching inlet (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3) installed at the bottom of the riser • Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled “Dry Riser Inlet” • A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the sy stem after use • A two-way two-way breeching inlet for 100 mm diameter dry riser 14
• A 4-way 4-way breeching inlet for 150 mm diameter dry riser • Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the nearest external hydrant outlet
8.2.3 RISER PIPE
• If the highest outlet is more than 23 m above the breeching inlet, use 150 mm dry riser else 100 mm. • Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C tested at 21 bars • Horizontal pipework feeding the risers should be sloped for proper draining after use • An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system • Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the building.
8.2.4 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
• First, flush the system to system to clear all debris insider riser • Hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars (measured an inlet) for 2 hours for leakage at joints and connections • Inspection & testing regularly all parts to t o ensure that they are in good operation condition
8.3 INSPECTION
•Check position of the breaching inlet > 18m and no obstacle on between •The position of the landing valve on the protected are, at the staircase and also lift lobby is based on the approval drawing. •Drain valve prepared on the breeching inlet at a t the ground floor •Check Bomba main pipe should not exceeding more than12m to the riser pipe. •Glass fronted cabinet is installed at the inlet valve •Air release valve at the top level also should be installed. •Check size of the riser pipe, the high of the building. •Check number of the breeching inlet or 4 ways breeching inlet.
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8.4 TESTING 7.4.1 PRE-TEST
Initial system inspection.
Initial water flush through to ensure system is clear of debris.
8.4.1 FLOW RATE TEST
Water is passed through the system under pressure. Flow gauge reading is measured and recorded to ensure the system is capable of sustaining an efficient fire fighting jet. The flow rate should be considered insufficient or any undue loss of pressure is identified further investigation will be necessary.
Figure 2: Dry Riser System
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9.0 WET RISER SYSTEM
Wet fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes and permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply, and fitted with landing valves at specified points. Where fire mains are installed and there are no floors higher than 50 m above fire service access level, wet or dry fire mains may be installed. Where there are floors higher than 50 m above fire service access level, wet fire mains should be installed owing to the pressures required to provide adequate fire-fighting water supplies at the landing valves at upper floors and also to ensure that water is immediately available at all floor levels.
9.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD; • B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard; • M.S. 1210: Part 1 - Landing Valves for Wet Risers • M.S. 1210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching Riser inlets • M.S. 1210: Part 4 – Boxes Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers • M.S. 1210: Part 5 – Boxes Boxes for Inlet Breeching
9.2.1 WET RISER LANDING VALVE
• Landing valves (comply with with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor • Located at lobbies & staircases stairca ses • Installed 0.75 m above floor level • Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4 • Pressure at landing valve should be between 4-7 4 -7 bars • Fire hose rubber -lined -lined type (not less than 35mm dia. & 30 m in length) complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve.
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9.2.2 BREECHING INLET
• Should be a 4-way 4 -way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3) • Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled “Wet Riser Inlet” • A drain drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser • Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the nearest external hydrant outlet
9.2.3 WET RISER PIPE
• Each wet riser should should cover not more than 900 900 m sq floor floor area. • If more than one wet riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than 60 m • The top most and the lowest wet riser should be less than 71 m • Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C • Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red • Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the building
9.2.4 WET RISER PUMPS
• 2 sets op pumps. One on duty & the other on standby • The pump capacity 1500 l/m & pressure between 4 -7 bars when any three landing valves are in use at the same time. • Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator incase of black out for at least 2 hours • Electrical cabling should be fire rated type • Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free type • Should provide with CO2 portable extinguisher • The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
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9.2.5 WET RISER TANKS
• Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m • The intermediate break tank for for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less than 11,375 litres with automatic refill rate 1365 l/m • Tank material: pressed pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete. • The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided • External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted. • Tanks located on the ground floor or basement • Wet riser tanks separated from other water storage tank • However, it may be combined with hose reel tanks and the capacity is the sum total from both tanks. Hose reel tap off level should be above the wet riser tap off such that wet riser reserve is maintained
9.2.6 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
• First, flush the system to clear all debris insider riser • Hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% of the working pressure (measured an inlet), whichever is the higher for 2 hours for le akage at joints and connections • Inspection & testing regularly all parts to t o ensure that they are in good operation condition • A three way landing valve should be provided on the roof or topmost floor for testing purposes. Flow meter should be provided provided to measure flow rate
9.3 INSPECTION
• Breeching inlet that connected to the BOMBA main pipe is not exceeding 80 feet • Install the glass fronted cabinet at the inlet valve • Volume of the hose and nozzle should be 2 x30mx37m and it will provided at the landing valve • The capacity of the water tank • Sign of wet riser had at the each one of the landing valve • Return pipe also should be connected to the water tank
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9.4 TESTING 9.4.1 WET PRESSURE TEST
The system needs to be flushed first. Then it will hydraulically test to a pressure of 14 bars or 150 psi for a minimum 15 minutes and maximum for 2 hours. All inlets and outlets are checked for leaks and anything Any missing or faulty items would need to be replaced to enable a certification to be provided
9.4.2 FLOW TEST
It functions to check the flow of wet riser
Valves should be provide in roof for testing
It measure the flow of water
Figure 3: Wet Riser System
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10.0
EXTERNAL HYDRANT SYSTEM
Fire hydrant systems are installed in buildings to help firefighters quickly attack the fire. Essentially, a hydrant system is a water reticulation system used to transport water in order to limit the amount of hose that firefighters have to lay thus speeding up the fire fighting process. Fire hydrant systems sometimes include ancillary parts essential to their effective operation such as pumps, tanks and fire service booster connections. These systems must be maintained and regularly tested if they are to be effective when needed. The placement of such equipment needs to closely interface with fire service operational procedure simply complying with deemed to satisfy code provisions is a potential recipe for disaster.
10.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DESIGN STANDARDS
RELEVEN STANDARDS AS FOLLOWS; • B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard; • M.S. 1395: specification for pillar hydrant
10.2.1 HYDRANT OUTLETS
• Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m from entrance to the building • Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m in width road • Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade vehicles. • 2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve • In owner’s boundary: should be provided with 30m of 65mm rubber-lined hose (complete with nozzles) in steel cabinet beside each hydrant. • Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to difficulty of access • Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4 bars but max to 7 bars only • The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with cement lined steel pipe. • ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for an area where corrosion corrosion is a major concern
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10.2.2 HYDRANT PUMPS
• Two sets of pumps (one duty & one standby) • Capable to supply 3000 l/min & running pressure of 4 -7 bars to 3 hydrants at the same time • Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator in case of black out for at least 2 hours • Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free type • Normally Jockey pumps driven by electrical motor at 120 l/min required to maintain system pressure • The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area. • Pumps’ room should be ventilated plus signage 10.2.3 HYDRANT TANKS
• Minimum capacity 180,000 litres (1 hr water supply for 3 hydrants) • Should be refilled automatically by supply pipe at 20l/s • Hydrant tanks are usually separate from other wa ter storage tanks but may be combined with other fire fighting system water tanks. ta nks. So, tank’s capacity is the sum total of all tanks. • Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete. • The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided • External tank should be painted red OR O R at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted. 10.3 INSPECTION
•Nearest external hydrant should not exceeding 91.5 m or 300 feet from the new building •Type of new external hydrant •Position of the false spindle •Hydrant chamber base had been concrete •The flow and pressure of the water come out from the hydrant •Colour of the external hydrant •The pits •The frames •The covers •Surface paving round edges of frames
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10.4 TESTING 10.4.1 FLOW TEST
Locate personnel at the test hydrant and at all al l flow hydrants to be used. Remove the hydrant cap from the test hydrant and attach your WFR Cap Gauge with the petcock in the open position. After checking the other caps for tightness, open the hydrant slowly using several turns. Once the air has escaped and a steady stream of water is flowing, the petcock should be closed and they hydrant opened fully. Read and record the static pressure as shown on the Cap Gauge. The individuals at the flow hydrants should remove the caps from the outlets to be flowed.
10.4.2 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
Measured placing a pressure gauge on a hydrant port and opening the hydrant valve.
Water cannot flow of the hydrant when static pressure is measured.
The static pressure reading assumes that there is no water flow in the system.
Figure 4: External Hydrant System
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11.0 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone. 11.1 TYPE OF SPRINKLERS
Four types of sprinkler system as follows; (i) Wet pipe installation
Pipeworks always filled with water & ready to discharge once the sprinkler bulb breaks (ii) Dry pipe installation
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. Air released once the sprinkler bulb breaks and water filled the pipeworks and discharge at the sprinkler head (iii) Pre-action installation
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. A valves release air and pipeworks filled with water when fire is detected by smoke or heat detectors. Water is discharged through the sprinkler head only when the sprinkler bulb breaks (iv) Deluge Installation
Sprinkler head has no bulb and water is discharge simultaneously from all heads when fire is detected and the deluge valve is opened
11.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARDS; Under the uniform building by-laws 226 and 228 refer to the requirements for sprinkler systems • BS E N 12845 : 2003 2003
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11.3 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION A. Light Hazard
• Non-industrial Non-industrial occupancies • Low quantity of combustibility combustibilit y contents • Example: apartments, flat, schools, hostel UTM & hospital B. Ordinary Hazard
• Group I: Offices, restaurants & hotels • Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories • Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing & paint factories. • Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios C. High Hazard
• Group I: Process risk .e.g. clothing, rubber, wood woo d wool & paint factories • Group II: High piled storage risk which divided into 4 categories i) Category I: Carpets and textile storage exceeding 4 m in height ii) Category II: Furniture factory storage exceeding 3 m in hei ght iii) Category III: Rubber, wax coated paper storage exceedin g 2 m in height iv) Category IV: foam & plastics storage exceeding 1.2 m in hei ght
11.4.1 SPRINKLER PUMPS
• Require to feed sprinkler network • Two sets of pumps: one on duty & the other on standby • A jockey pump provided t o maintain system pressure • Pump’s capacity as describe in B.S. 5306 Part 2 as follows; i) Light Hazard
Head =15 m; Q = 300 dm3 /min at P = 1.5 bars Head =30 m; Q = 340 dm3 /min at P = 1.8 bars 25
Head =45 m; Q = 375 dm3 /min at P = 2.3 bars ii) Ordinary Hazard
• Group I: Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Q = 900 dm3 /min at P = 1.2 bars Head =30 m; Q = 1150 dm3 /min at P = 1.9 bars Head =45 m; Q = 1360 dm3 /min at P = 2.7 bars
• Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Head =15 m; Q = 1750 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars Head =30 m; Q = 2050 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars Head =45 m; Q = 2350 dm3 /min at P = 2.6 bars
• Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, hypermarket, cinema, clothing & paint factories.
Head =15 m; Q = 2250 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars Head =30 m; Q = 2700 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars Head =45 m; Q = 3100 dm3 /min at P = 2.5 bars
• Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios
Head =15 m; Q = 2650 dm3 /min at P = 1.9 bars Head =30 m; Q = 3050 dm3 /min at P = 2.4 bars
iii) High Hazard H azard
Refer to B.S. 5306: Part 2
11.4.2 WATER TANKS iv) Light Hazard
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 9 m3 Head =30 m; Tank capacity 10 m3 Head =45 m; Tank capacity 11 m3
v) Ordinary Hazard
• Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 55 m3 Head =30 m; Tank capacity 70 m3 Head =45 m; Tank capacity 80 m3
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• Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 105 m3 Head =30 m; Tank capacity 125 m3 Head =45 m; Tank capacity 140 m3
• Group III: Car parks, department stores, st ores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing & paint factories.
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 135 m3 Head =30 m; Tank capacity 160 m3 Head =45 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
• Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 160 m3 Head =30 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
vi) High Hazard
Refer to B.S. 5306: Part 2
11.4.3 SPRINKLER HEAD
• Generally of the conventional pendant or upright type • Temperature rating: minimum = (T+30)° C (T+30)° C where T=maximum ambient temperature of the protected space in degree C. • Nominal temperature rating = 68 °C • In kitchen nominal temperature rating = 79°C
11.4.4 INSTALLATION CONTROL VALVE
• Each sprinkler installation should have installation control valves which consist of main stop valves, alarm valves, drain line with stop valve, flow rat e & pressure gauges • Maximum number of sprinklers to be fed from one set of instal lation control valve shall be; i) Light Hazard: 500 sprinklers ii) Ordinary Hazard: 1000 sprinklers iii) High Hazard: 1000 sprinklers
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11.4.5 SPRINKLER PIPEWORK
• Black steel or galvanised iron BS.1387 (medium grade ) Class B minimum • Underground pipe: heavy gauge Class C • For Pipes of size 80 mm and below use screw joints • For Pipes Pipes of size above 100 mm may be welded OR grooved coupling up to 250 mm • Sprinkler pipes should not be concealed in the floor or ceiling concrete slabs. • Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red.
11.5 INSPECTION
Type of the sprinkler either that was used the ordinar y hazards or extra high hazard
Design density according to M&E plan.
Location of the breeching inlet, rather that was 80feet from the nearest Bomba main pipe. Glass fronted cabinet at the inlet of the pipe- condition of the sprinkler head was in the good condition.
Connection between the flow switch and the main fire alarm panel
Flow switch had installed at every floor of the building
Isolation valve for each zone- signage at the pump room and the red colour of the water tank
11.6 TESTING 11.6.1 MANUALLY PUMP TEST
Tested the pump starter panel
Selector switch point to user
Press the starter button one by one according to type of pump
11.6.2 AUTOMATIC PUMP TEST
There are 3 type automatic pump test are:
Jockey pump
Selector switch on automatic position-
Open the valve slowly, so that the jockey pump field work, observe and record pressure Close the valve and make sure the test is the original pressure 28
11.6.3 DUTY PUMP
Change the duty pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of the jockey pump manual. Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure when the duty pump works
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the pump duty.
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position.
11.6.4 STANDBY PUMP
Change standby pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of the duty pump manual
Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure
When the pump Standby function
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the standby pump
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position
Figure 5: Automatic Sprinkler System
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12.0 CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless, electrically non-conductive gas that is highly efficient. Extinguishing agent CO2 was the first gaseous agent used for fire suppression. It can be used for local application and total flooding systems and is suited to a wide range of applications and hazards, CO2 has a high rate r ate of expansion enabling rapid fire suppression and provides a heavy blanket of gas that reduces the oxygen level to a point where combustion cannot occur.
12.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Design Standards
The relevant clause in the Uniform Building By-laws 1984, relating to Carbon Dioxide extinguishing systems is By-law 235 and the applicable standard is : • MS 1590 : 2003 12.2.1 SYSTEM OPERATION
• The protected area should be flooded with carbon dioxide gas with flame extinguishing concentration of 50% at 21C based on total flooding principle with a time delay period of 30 seconds, adjustable up to 60 seconds maximum. • Duration of total discharge shall not exceed 7 minutes or 30% discharge within 2 minutes. • Local application using high pressure shortage, design quantity of carbon dioxide should be increased by 40% as only liquid portion of the discharge is effective. • The system shall operate from a supply voltage of 240 volts A.C, 50 Hz to the power charger module within the control panel. The voltage is transformed and rectified within the panel to 24 volt D.C. A 24 volt D.C standby battery of the maintenance free type shall be provided in case of mains voltage failure. • The space should be protected by two or more heat or smoke detectors. • In order to discharge the extinguishing agent automatically, at least two detector zones must be activated. • Provide the independent facility for emergency emer gency operation by manually discharging the agent via a “break “break glass” glass” handle type manual pull box which should be mounted outside the exit door to the protected space. • The detectors circuit wiring shall be supervised continuously for line fault.
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12.2.2 CARBON DIOXIDE CYLINDERS
• Carbon Dioxide gas stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form at ambient temperatures. Gas can be stored at low pressure of 2068 kPa with refrigeration or under high pressure at 5171 kPa at ambient temperatures. • Most systems use high pressure storage due to cost considerations. Cylinders should be suitable for a working pressure of 59 bars at 21C and pressure tested at 228 bars. • A reliable means of indication by weighing should be provided to determine the amount of gas in the cylinders. Each system s ystem should have a permanent name plate specifying spe cifying the number, filing weight and the pressurization level of cylinders. • All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution agent should be interchargeable and of one selected size. More than three cylinders are required, a pilot cylinder should be provided to activate the discharge valve from each cylinder. • Each container should be equipped with a discharge valve of the solenoid operated type to discharge, liquid agent at the required rate. Containers with top-mounted valves should have an internal dip tube extending to the bottom of the cylinder to permit discharge of liquid phase agent. • Gas cylinders should be located outside of the hazard which it protects wherever possible. • However, the risk of vandalism should also be taken into consideration.
12.2.3 CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROL PANEL
• The system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, hazards to personnel, or failure of any supervised device and complying with M.S.1404 and B.S.7273. A positive alarm and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operated. • A device should be incorporated into the system to shut down any exhaust fans and activate solenoid operated curtains across louvres before discharge. • Since a remote manual control should be a manual pull box type, a pressure switch in the discharge pipe may be required to provide the signal back to the control panel that the carbon dioxide gas has been discharged.
12.2.4 DISCHARGE NOZZLE
• Discharge nozzles should be selected for use wish carbon dioxide and for their discharge characteristics. For low pressure storage, nozzle pressure should be 1034 kPa minimum and for high pressure storage, the nozzle should be 2068 kPa.
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• Discharge nozzle should be permanently marked to identified the nozzle and to show the equivalent single orifice diameter regardless of o f shape and number of orifice.
12.2.5 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS AND AUDIO/VISUAL ALARM UNITS
• The detectors should be resistant to corrosion. • The audio unit should produce an audible warning at least 65dB noise level or 5dB above the ambient noise level. The audio alarm unit of alarm bell type should be of the trembling and shall operate from the fire alarm panel battery supply.
12.2.6 PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS
• The material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of noncombustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room temperature during the outbreak of the fire. • All piping should be of API Schedule 40 steel pipe for low pressure storage systems. For high pressure storage system, piping should be of Schedule 40 for 20 mm diameter pipes and Schedule 80 for 25mm diameter and above.
12.3 INSPECTION
Quantity of the system
The capacity of the CO2
The installation of the manual key switch at the system
Connection between the system to the main fire alarm panel
Warning lamp at the top of the exit door (red and green)
Installation of the curtain wall
12.4 TESTING
• Using smoke bombs, local heaters, or other methods to test operation of the detectors and sensors. • Discharge of CO2 is not required during this test. • Operation of the discharge valve valve or pneumatic/electrical discharge devices should be verified.
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Figure 6 : Carbon Dioxide System
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REFERENCES
1) Mark Jaya Sdn. Bhd. (1998), Book of “Fir e Fighting Maintenance and Procedure”. 2) https://www.scribd.com/doc/112841279/Bomba 3)https://www.protec.co.uk/product-page/sprinklers-and-water-mist/product/product/wet-dryriser-systems/ 4)http://www.fire-protection.com.au/product-menu/gaseous-suppression/carbon-dioxide(1)/carbon-dioxide 5)http://www.mfs.sa.gov.au/site/community_safety/commercial/building_fire_safety/fire_fig hting_systems_and_equipment_in_buildings.jsp#top
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APPENDIX
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