(Reader's Guides) Sebastian Gardner-Sartre's 'Being and Nothingness'_ A Reader's Guide (Reader's Guides)-Continuum (2009).pdf

SARTES BING ND NOHGN  dr's Guid  B 

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Continuum Ineaioal Publishg Grop h To To  ldng ld ng 8 Madn Lan  Y Y Road ut  ondo E 7N N N  Y Y NY 138 1 38

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A ight d  d No at of t bcato ma b odcd odcd o tanmttd tanmtt d    ay ay fom fom o o  b an ma ma  cton  ctoncc o mchac mchacal al ncldg hotocoyg hotocoyg codg o ay nfmat nfmation ion tag o ta t a tm tt  tt o mo n tng fom t bl Biish Liay aaloung-inucao Data A catalg catal g cod fo fo t bo  aaabl fo fo t t t  ibay

N  8283 78824481  82 788248 iy f oge CatliniPuiation Dt Gadn batan Sat g ad notg notg   a ad ad  gd  batan ad  cm Incd bblogacal c (  N 788281 N 78 78 82 824 44 48 8  at aPl 18 t t   �ant 2 Ettlm  ittal itt al choog choog  Ttl B243.33E837 2 111dc22 28311

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Continuum Ineaioal Publishg Grop h To To  ldng ld ng 8 Madn Lan  Y Y Road ut  ondo E 7N N N  Y Y NY 138 1 38

cntnuumboocom © batian bati an ad 2

A ight d  d No at of t bcato ma b odcd odcd o tanmttd tanmtt d    ay ay fom fom o o  b an ma ma  cton  ctoncc o mchac mchacal al ncldg hotocoyg hotocoyg codg o ay nfmat nfmation ion tag o ta t a tm tt  tt o mo n tng fom t bl Biish Liay aaloung-inucao Data A catalg catal g cod fo fo t bo  aaabl fo fo t t t  ibay

N  8283 78824481  82 788248 iy f oge CatliniPuiation Dt Gadn batan Sat g ad notg notg   a ad ad  gd  batan ad  cm Incd bblogacal c (  N 788281 N 78 78 82 824 44 48 8  at aPl 18 t t   �ant 2 Ettlm  ittal itt al choog choog  Ttl B243.33E837 2 111dc22 28311

y y tt b Ngn Ngn magg magg yt t Ltd Chna Ida td ad oud  a Bitain b Ata  Ltd atad Ty and Wa

 

of Mk k

CONTENTS

fc

 ntet 2 . Orew Orew  Temes  Readn Rea dn te Tet Tet A) Te asc as c otoog oto og () damtal stctes stc tes o t human bject (C) Reato Reato to  othe (D) eedo motato motato and an d ethcs () eg as a ole

 Receptn and nen  nen o iblioa ibl ioah h n n  su sui ion onss fo u u h  h i nx

 1 10 3   2 1 2

20 22 2 2

PREFAC

ha  hae amed o d n h shor bok s o pode a cmmenar whc wll elp Sarres eader  eel a ome n e wk and a e same m o peen i  othinnss as eng  a meapycal sem  a ad nal knd hese ams are cnneced Whle   poe o dec ne aenn owards he penomenogcal re nan, pychologcally engagng, reenly ced paage n BN whee Sar ges ree en o s capac  leary expesn o human experence , ch an appac wll leae e eade wh e mo han an ne rasp o Sarres cncepons and he e se w eman opaqe Sare does ae,  goe wou sang, a dnce Wltnhuung one wch nlke many plospcal sysems, alws e o be ransaed ead n a cean, powerlly el pce o e human condon,  s can be grasped more dr ec and eecey  eadn h pa, nes, bogapcal ude and lear and a ccm  e nesmen  me and aenn reqred o read B& eer n wole r n su sana par makes sense only  e am s o ndersand wh Sae nk a s n pse es psopcal  n e ce sense Do ma be eneaned a  weher  s posse  a deep and asyng compreenon  e human pedcamen  e en ysemac poopcal omuaon, u s a a e ask o ndesandng B& n accodance w s aors nenn ges he ae ne her ere n ee and  ae endeaured rogo o sw a e mapyscal sem wch ae pesens  (a he e eas) cheren cogen and poopcal we moaed, and o ge a ea a eme sense o e wrks breahakng prnd ubey and chness Ag he suce a Sae ge  B& s  no means arbary, ee  n denyng a e ex ha a x

PRFAC

endenc  za een el and ac dsinc   pic n as a enae e rader  a e ame me make  ard  kep i era arumen n ie  i als re a Sare din  B&N n caper and cins d n aay crrespnd nea  deren sas in e k amen n rder  rn u mr lar e ay n w B&N prese armenaie and  make e semaic psiin ch i prsen eae  rasp  e dded he cmmenary n  ecin esind  i he wr cena cnceps, dcine an ar mens, and hae epard  a minr deree m he re  Sarre x  hae n apprined e amun  eail n ea ecn  e cmmenary  e crrepndin nmer  paes in Sarrs ex sme pic c Sarre deal i cl u wch are  ih impanc recee relaiel deaile cmmnar, l ers c Sare dicuse a en ae en nl rie smmar nrain  pae n a ca mak  necsary  ay erealy le a sme lare swaes  ex  n parlar, n e aps n empray h dy and cncre relan i her  ic wld erainly nei rm elcidain  w an  ead i adeae neandn nce e man ine  h in B&N ae en pu in  n addin  cn e cnen  B&N  hae deed spac  he xeal and cral sse whc eem  me  p e reae saces  a sympaec appreiain  Sarres plp and indcaed h ne ma aemp  address hese Sme secins rea  m he exual cmmenary n der  dcuss eme and isue wh cnern B&N a a we M depares rm Sarre exual rder cn ss ce n din er me maerial m Par One w and Tree  B&N r ssn laer in Par (D)  e cmmenary r se w w  read BN in a sra lnear der, e ssem  -eadn w exual reer ences allws e eean ecn  e cmmnar  e lcaed Te ne ere chiel  ie eerene and uen  rher radin elan  h rical maeal and  he wriins  Sarre eier predain  pdain B&N ch  dc n aper   an  Secndar lierare n x

PRAC

ate  n is pisoy a a woe and n individa tpic n B&  is provded n t Bibigraph 

eferee in te min tet iven n te fom eg /310' a firt t te nsh tnatn by ae E Banes Bing n thinnss A  on hnmnolocl ntolo (fist pbishe ondn Methe  o,  rent in print, ndn Rotedge 1), and ecnd t te igin Fenc edition Lt t  nnt ssi ontoloi phnomnoloqu (as Gama, 13). (te that te atter cae dffent paginatn fm te at mad Te' editin) me ota tins fm Banes' transatin  whic genay doe ne jtie to rte's eat nd cid phiospia se bt none theess ontan incccies  ave ben mded sgt.  biiogaphia detai f  writing by te refed to n te notes are iven n te Bibigraph Bibiapca eais of tings on ate efeed t n the note, when nt given tere an b fond n he Bibiogapy Srte's pioophic ermnoog i not as had to pene tte a tat of many pispes  ve ted t eidate ke tems at te point of thei appeaance n atre's tet, an a rg bt adete goss is provided in Bane' tnsation of B& 

 m ideted t im Waen f intdng me to Bing n othnnss  vey ong time go and f eping m to appei at te fce and dept f Ste' idea  m so ve gratef to my coeag Sarah Rihmond fo stimating nd infom atve eange abt atr ve een es. My thanks g in additin to m fam f wing me te nesay time t indge a see ain b writing  b abt a ok aot nthin

HAPTR 

CNTXT

he phisphi rd nto ih the nineten-ear-d na artre entered n his arriva t stud pisoph t aris prestigu oe Norme upreure n 4 exhibited a ig degree  rigidit  Frm rug te nd  t nin tent entur unt the er 30s t urrents hd efetve domnted Frenh pioph neontianim ssiated hief ith n Brunshvig and he ntrationaim f enri Bergson The rmer ofered n attenuted versin   ant in ih the gnda f pophia enuiry hd n trted t te riutin o form nditons' of sientif knoedg nd ih trug it determination f t urr u of phiosopy deprtment hrogout Frne mintined  firm intiutina dminane; impiit endrd  pit i atrt Brunsvg neo-Kninism d n efet the satus f n oi stt pisoph in te Tird pubi. artre e ters of hi generaton s ffeted strong in hi understnding f Kant b Brunsvgs rtinist pi tivit epitemog  Bergsn n the er and hd prvided  spirituit ternatve t ne-Kantinim  piphia home for onepts f free i regius experine and ther item hose aim t vidit ere eter no uphd or rtin ied beond regnitn b neantian epistemog bu b e 0 Bergsnim d ot muh of t phispi prstig due n arge pr t the evaporation r t First Word War f the ptimisti dstion epred in ergsn teeogia viin  humn devepmnt Brgn nverte ess prvids ike Brunshvig one of rtre mor oa oint of referene n fat mre ften thn  nme in B&N ginst this stbe nt to sa frzen bkground te Fren phiospi andpe underent n brupt hng n the 0 de  n infusin f foregn intetua and aom pnng them of ermn phisp he penomengy 

RRS BEING AND NOTHNGNES

 He e eienta anpg wic eeggr wa intepee a ffeing n Beg  Time an te n cepin f itria evepment n Hege' Phemeoog of Spr a pve a c nw   eme an me gia maeia icien n te ee f a new generain  a evitaizain f pip He himf ame  Par t ever w ecre prving an incn  rancen nta phnmeng n Febra 2. Th new wave f eman-rentae ppia aciv wa efece in e pbicain n 130 f mmane evina' inenia The Theor of tu  Huserl heomeog an e int in  a new penmengica na in 131 Reheres phlosphques b te Ran mig eanre ; it a eive rng encagemen fm he n membe  the af f e rbnne ppe  neanianm Jean Wa wh ge pp t tn t e cncrete' an avae iegge a a nneigi ce  iekegaar B abve a e new devepmen cene n a emina ee n ege ntie in 132 agan b r bt cnte fm 133 nt 3 b ante Rian ie anre jve ve avance a nifie reaing f Beig  Time an t Pheomelog ofSpt, n whi te enta mmen f man ica efeaizain i ae in te bae f ecgni tin' eibe  ege n Capte V f hi Phemeoog a wrk w v feme aime  be penmen gica in He' ene. e impance f jve' Hege mnar  a whe geneatn an ar be eaggeae amng e w atene wee Maice Mea-Pn acq aan Ramn rn erge Baai an nr Brtn arte migh ave been epece  partipat at e rt ppni in e eneavr t aimae e new ip er  Hege-e-eegger w e wre beginning  cm  erm wi n ane in e 30 b art' engagement wi  new ppia evepmen wa  eae ae' fi pipca atamen fme in i c a a ben  Brgn in we piph e fn abv a (b i wn ant) e f a piritaze wdviin an a mean b wi inner p ci ife c be gap an magne Begn appae t 

CONX

Sar as a hoohal cotar o Pro Sarr shook o hi atachmn al atr s arrval a h ol bu t was o rlacd  a smlar uvoall oiiv tus asm or ay ohr hoohr o hlosophcal movmn or som consdab m. at u o h histo o hl osoh a h ol was nsv Plato Ka ad sas bin o sal moran or hm  s o atlar inr ha whl a h o Sar too a our n aholoal psholo an wok wih hs n Pau Nzan o a ans lao o Karl Jass Allgemie ychopthologe Geeal Pyhopthology) wih no onl unrlid h moran o mnal isor o  hlooh o m and pscholo bu also os ar o a sohsia omlaio o th ani-nauralst oson that h ky o syhologal lanation li n  dsov o noncasal connons o main Sars vnal aamc css a h col wa markabl at ail th ggti in 1 u o a msug amp a mrssng wth his oinal on a mi h amaon  ollown a Sar oo rs lac (wih Smon  Bavoi th wo havn by hn g hir li-lo volvm w on anohr in so lac) or narly a cad a hi paru rom h ol a usuig h onion ha h ha ormd o himl vr sn chood a aov all a wr achv no aricu ar cs h oblaory priods sn gag n mary sv (om 1 o 131 an thn as a hool tah o ilosoy   ovns (chil in  av om 131 o 136 aowd Sartr to a uhr h alrad vas ag o hs radn but hi al wris omrig som l ar comosio an says o a hbrid lray-philosohcal charact wr slistall orai a oss ad  w is vnually ad or ublicaion dd o m wi acaim n  rs yars ost- col  w nrrlad hms o asth ocounss (an ts  wh borrn on a araco o astcm rist rom Sars arl  as) ad o conngn (wh ha bn h subct o o o Sartrs wo ggto ssraio a h col) dominad Sars rlto b o d philosohal oao cou t  asc o im Th ung poi 

ARR IN AND NOHINN

orre (aorng o Sarrean mholog bu h even s also al so hsorall well well ae) n a cae cae n Par n  n 3 3  when when Aron ung a rnks glass a an eamle o an obe whch oul be ubmed o enomenologal analss abrul oene Sarre S arre ee o  o usserl us serl ro ro e o a reurn o onree onree lve  ere erene ne Levna Lev na book allowe Sarre o make hs hs r r erou acuanane wh usserls usse rls deas deas  an an arrangemen arrangemen wh Aron allowe Sarre o sen he acaem ar 13334 a a reearcher a he nsu rana n Berln mmerse n he s o usser!. n a seres o hlosohal wrngs pblshe beween 136 an 10 ealng wh ocs n he hlosoh o holog rom a phenomenologal hel uerlan sanpon Sarre howe hs algnmen wh he new Germanbae evelomen n rench hloo hlo oh h whle he heme o onngenc whh ha long reocupe Sarre aheved aheved nal lerar exress exresson on n use (13 (1 3 hee hee wr wr ng manese an exraornar reshness orgnal an eng brllane he novel n atcular broke bounare b emonrang new o bles bl es or or h realzaon o hlo sohal ea e a n  n lerar orm an b vrue o he recognz reco gnzably ably senal senbl whch  erese an ogeher wh a olleon o hor ore ublshe n 13 earne Sarre mmeae lerar reognon onrme b avourable revew revew and olca  olcaons ons o arles rom rom ngushe n gushe lerar ores uh a he oue ou e reu re uf frs Sarre Sarre  war war ra ra ecory was nerrued  nerrued almo al mo n  nanl anl  however b he oubreak o war moblzed n Seember 3 an assgned as sgned o a meeorologcal meeorologcal n n he Alae Sarre wa aken rsoner n une 1 40 an hel n a Salag Sa lag a Trer unl March 141 when he manage o oban release on groun o healh (marmen o h eh arl egne) Sarre hereuon rerne o shool eahng an oune mme ael ogeher wh Maurce MerleauPon an nellecual grou wh wh he am o organzng organzng reance re ance o ollaboraon Vh an he Na Socalme e ber whh grew n numbers bu bu  or wan wa n o uor uor  rom rom eabl e ablhed hed gures gure s an an  n onseuence onseuence o he Gesaos rereve rereve naves naves was s solved whn he ear Lvng n Pars under he Ouaon Sarre rerne o hloohal wrng Sarre ha begn wrng a work 

CONX

w e e  t t  nnt  0   d e l x of B&N wa copod copo d bwn Dcbr  4 an Ocobr 12.   publcain in 4 arr  f o ve ve ken  m  mln ln f emn em n pl p lp pyy  ep fu fu r an a n an an of i i  conporari conporari   n   prio p rio wic ad nd nc nc  Hurlan Hurlan x x f  0  0 a a a borbed er plpy bu n pped w  No longr r ngaging in  kn of crav xge pac pac  b Ko Ko v B B N oua oua  a pio pi oopica opica poion po ion w wle kwledgng fully  l mn d lay cai o v v urp u rped ed em dfnvely: dfnvely: b ue u e an Hgg ar cag w rror an ivpn f e wn dee g and BN cn cl  Hgian  of a iorcal i orcal brakou brak ou   g level f anal. Te plpy plpy fB&N fB &N an h pop p op ofar of arr r ar no  a B& orrend orre nd  nly  n n ar a r dv dv pn pn rprnng h culi naion of   ne  neen en wh uer edgg nd  p p c f enonoogy. enonoogy. arr arr  poopical oupu n  pwa yar nclu a nur f  pubi x  x in wic  r ad nd def d efened ened  pn f B&N B&N n a ag amun amun of o f unpubi unpubi ria  ria in wc arr ar r i i  o labore  ln f f pracca pp p bu  vnua ul ul  wi e publ publ  n iti qu   ilcticl ilc ticl son so n  a 16 16  of  f volum volum    itiqu mnuna mnuna work work ai a rconung Mxm Mx m n m  m f  new  f plpi plpica ca cagori  in a ploopl ploopl anpoin wic no rede f  f B& ul  rc  nply bwn arr acaic acai c pioopi pio opi wrk wrk n  on an an i lierary ulul nd plica wriing on e e e i mpx an  gr gr  o wic wic     lae pl opca wriin r e nnuu nnuu w  rak wi    pn akn in BN BN i a ar f b l  nn nd mulple mulple plc plc nvm nvmn n n  15 1 5 ac a a aria pur o i foruln f  r  r f  cni  f lcv acion i i arguab a B&N preve a pc fr eve f  d n ic an  pioopy of iory an an coive co ive xene pend pe nd n   iti i tiqu quee o iltil on arr nr a a pioope  n fore exed by B wa  no opn o quion 

RR

BE D NOTHN

  uu and era p wc  cup  art crp ***

T e enam  aocatd r cley w r t wt any or nkr ad n 15 a ny ate arr endored  appcon   popy n  ba ne  wc  t  uuay uua y epo, epo, exnta exnt a dne a mvnt  ug wrby abd vu and  wldpcue aced w em ar ubed  adca cpc evauat nd te ndvdua, town back      na na erc eek o avd  by eapang eapang   bae lawae a nv enan a r exay enam aun t w  de rom Kanta ad te on a tm, nd wetr t a gnn gnn utlty a a ppca p pca categy categy or  bete rgared  rrng  a a mdrn d  nty wc   cy cura and atc pnc a no qu qut t a nd n d be nrd    r.  r. a     pu pu o oc oc n r r e ndandng  BN   adtn,  ce   a d pop po py y wc a a   dct and rng n n ncn bewn te vey abtac popa probe  by e ncpt  bng  xnc  xnc an  praca praca  and a ga cncn   dvdua T vy  ggen a te qun  ow bg o te ou be undrd r   pepcv  te ndvdual apt  cv an ur ad pote eon eon t e od, od , w ad by edrc edrc Henrc Hen rc b a cntepoar and rc   and  gur  uca mpanc   n da Kt plopy Jaob agued ad meey rted  ana   ra ra   r rd   ndvdual  ndvdual and   vry p p bty bty  knwdg knwdg  valu w ad bn enrnd enr nd elr e lr abe  a drn drn r r n pnoza ge g e y y  cb ntdcd  rm l  r t  grand ov  nt ca druc T a  pnz an an wa  accdn accdngg o b  b a ey ad devepd devepd er plp p lp wy lackng      utaon ut aon apppa t ncp    wy ual acvy bu  n te onrar, y ad purud te logc  plpca nry wt nny   pper 6

ONX

darou concuion and o Jaob arud wa w hould larn fro  deavour a u on Jacob orua ad appreae appreaed) d) i i   nci nc i o urng our back on pio p io opcal raon r aon or a an ae o crcucribing crcucribing it gay vr arrowy Ad wa ulal u  recion of  copren coprenv v auori of phloopal rlcion i i  th roion for whch, Jaob akowldd w ad Ka o ak) a a a  of our a o oniion wr wr e e are o od or t ood o h xrna worl r o a ba a i sui ns rreducbl and nonconcpual al a eelin or drey l l inuiion inui ion o o  n No can or i i dd o o  dontra h aly o bn bu wiou  w ae e n noge noge  and w i w ar rord ror d o a enngful enngful world world avg avg  baic baic caracrc caracrc acrbed a crbed o  o  by riian     n wic t ua dvdua en e n oy full full rali rdo o wl and purpo. purpo . aco aco a a  o  o ond o nd    rank of  gae ploopr ploopr but h poopica po opica wrng uccdd    aoer way way by  n an agnda and idnyg idnyg a e o  and a nd iu i u wh ar poKana phooper ccpd u b gapped wth u e y of  ran da ae govrnd o a g degr by Jacobi concr  o ar a  k o ow nta Jacob ha   pobl for a pioopha  o erely erely o avod bu o counr-n counr-nga ga e n n l l o w acobi ay  nrpri o phloopy caril doo u  diffrt way  w  ran idat oug o xcue  proe anno b dicud he  bu ee ee are o parcuar poin in t dvopen dvopen and aer rcpion of a da w derv de rv o b b  ntoed for wa wa e ow ow of  dp iorica roo roo  and poop po op a ignf i gnfcanc canc of arr' phloop phlo op   B& Of a th th  uare uare  ad dvion wi w i  ran o eran deal cling argun wih e and g and ou for for r rlvac o ar a r c fir at of h philoopy wa e alld  W issesh isse shaatslh slh  dorne o yeac knowldg') involvd a g copex ap o labora a coprhnv  o reay on  bai of  ar  o dvdu  dvdua a e-oncoun e-oncoun   u u tang p p aob calln o ow ow piloophca yeacy ould affr  ra and purpoene o  idivdual 

SAR'S IN A NOTHSS

n  sructuly mlr fa fan n g  g i  a a s tm  Encylopaa of  Piloopl cnce n t par rf wc e a the cnc f ogc og c llw us  ov fm onsderaon f  ba onpt f Bng    ts i lecical ppt  concep f Ningn) o a cp ratnl unsnng f ray Agan bo lln ak  sam kn f Jacoan Jacoan b b cn agans agan s ict t his cun cun f  '  ' n  b upplem upplemnd nd by by  plso p lso py py of o f nur wi prced prce d from from  bn b ngg f natue givn o u  ostror an ins Heel at e r ngav pilp f  Li prcely bcus i  sign s n autonu lu luv v  ncptual srutue nry fl fl t gsp cua being as ppo ppo  t  ml mlyy ypoteil ypoteil bn w s po poct ct nd antcp antcp n te u u  o cncpts. celling celling  ack ac k on te t e n-l n-l) ) puiv puiv autn autn    lf an of cnepualty f rug ninnt enur enur pilopy pilopy n can be dicoved dicoved unrling unrling   k on mporant mp mp nwn  a an c n B&N  Spnauers oncpin oncp in of e ncus n cus rfcve rfcve sub sub ct s t ov gnt an lin nmial ray But ms pt ant f  pup of unerann B&N s irkr rpse of celling an-gnism as prnd in  oudn sit Potrt 16) rgr rf bac bac pll a  bgnn bg nnin in of t work work t t  b an an lik li k acbi  as i a  fnl bctiv o fm in  rs a eligious cnciousness but ne muc m prem and nxty-in tn  hsan tox t wic bi blieve w sul rtun rtun  T plsopca p lsopca srg mloy mloy by Kkegar Kkegar t realz ts n  an t s mprant mprant  appre t rkg  n ffring a nw m bu is gan lke Ja ryng t ep u fnd ur way u of te tutfyng tutfyng prsn f pspical ssteazn  invlve n appl appl o w  cas ca s sub subctvy ctvy T  tu of su su eiv is fnd by Kear ngiv ngivy y n rm of s ppostn ppost n o t bctvty f t Heglanm f  cnmpi w w ntucs u t t  tae sifactn sifactn in i n nemplatn f  pgr  Rean n uman sr and pv in rm f  ndviual sk of ring s isnc n  contn f nenfi ponae nwarde  ernl tru T cnept f exisnc n i apptn   uan ndvual 8

CONX

i tu fad by Kad it a w kd f p pica caty diga tat wh gap cy  ubjv va f a ad xp itf  t actvty a t w mu f  y of pipy a w ad ow w  kw   at  ad  dy i f fcu o dtm Wa   ot  at a w m i u u i tmc tm  pipy  uat fmy wii t mix f ba ad pot u kcd: a b  t abv wit Hu poc of a mmat xplao f cou dd o w wa uctu ud cciou ia d  twd bct and w cociun attai t g  a bv w bu a wi b    xt p i  u f  0 at wk  wa tu ad  a a xn out   ua mwo ad  BN gg ful w  ap m f Jb ada.  c pat  w w d  at   mp pduon of any ali ptn   ity f plopy bu m f facat igait a mpx a mdd am a f  acob t f  piit f b w copat Kkgaa gia dmd at plop cua  u f bctvy Bu a n  ra acb d Kd icuat  poi i  fuy mc pilop fo o w ba t smla it  Fc cptio  a bd Wnshaslehr Ad atu  i a ud d ca c f ligiu  ciu  a pop   pt icad i  lg wit  dcibd  a a bi k o o   kd f pp  t gca m  uquy gv atim od t  i a cy cdi  a t v i pp d

HAPTR 

OVERVIW OF THMES

An etaodnay numb and ange  top igue in th ht huned o so pags that compo B&N angng o t tutu o tm and t act that anthng at a ts, to concousne, knowde o oth mins, the namic  human ua  and t cnpt f a pns chaate BN s intnded noneths t om a whoe n wich a o the u tions o psoph  wth the eptn o th, whch Sat e to a at wk  ce stematc anws h tme whc es unt t th stem o B&N  t cnta no, on t as o and wth ene to whh it theoi  tm, f-oncusn, suat and o on a deopd  s, a s we known, that o human om What exact dom , acodng to Sat, w be iscusd muh at, but it s hep u bo mbakng on B&N to ha m a o how Sat cnsd tat th su o human edom must b appoached phophcal n ts chapt I w t to hw, om th dient ange, wat the tatg o B&N consst in

 Themes n  artes earest rits n ems f i psop ca bogaphy, a ndat n th peou chapt, Sat d nt bn wit te pobem o edom, but an ainatn o hi at pubh phioopha wtng hps u to und stand how and wh dm am t ocup ent stae, and  w tat with a dcsn of sme o these BN do not p uppo acquantane with any o Sat a psopca wtns, and ome o te ang idas which the peent cu wthout modicaton in B&N but a ang o th eai wtng pd an nductn nto the pispca utook o B&N and th at bit tet wth th pho oph ca simpation whc esut m the bin deotd to fama ded piosopica topic  th f, emoton an magnation  ecommend suh an appoach Ao poidng an ntouctn to Sats p ospca cncns,  a moe 

OVVIW OF  M

nfma nature a th nteboos that h pt in 0 thus shorty bo the wtn  B& pubishd psthu mousy as  ar iares) The most mptant f Sarts ay texts rm th pont f view o understandn B&N s undubtdy The Trasendene of th o ). This ssay bens by dsputn what mht sm amost a technca point in usss transcnnta phnmnoy  ntrest ny t ths worn wthn the ussan proamm, but on ts bass Sart ods an ntr uin and adcay iina metaphyscs  the uman subjct which stands ppsd to th dinay cncepton  pesona detity Th caim o usser's that Sart targts is his postuation o a  tanscndnta o as the souc and oun  a ou ntntna atns to ojecs Wthin th tms f tanscn dnta orthoxy ths cam o usse's appars innocuous, and to y ants pict sanctin: it appars my t say that ecaus t must b possbe o a f my stats f c scusnss to be thought by m as e mn the d o consciousnss at whch we arriv thuh ussan reducton must b eadd as wnd y a nnmpiica hnc tran scnnta subct What prkes Satr is th servation that, with th transpostn o Kants thsis cncernin th  think the transcendnta unty o apprception int phnomny th status o the transcnenta subjct chans mprtanty ants thses concrnn th cnditins  pssbty  exprnc and knwed on Sarts ain o nt nvv xstenta cams: thy hae a puy de ure an n de ato, chaactr  uss's pheomenoloal vsn  th Kantian thss ds hweve nvlve thinin  the tanscendenta subject as havin aity, and ths, Sat aus, cannot be accptd henomngy is a dscrptv scnce, and what t descbs is whatvr is ivn t pu conscusss qua ivn Th qestion, then is whethe a tanscendnta o mts this cndtn ndsputaby my stenc as an empca, psycho physca ntty s givn to m and t s as ivn t m that   ect on my states o cnscousnss, thn  think tos states as min as ant assets to b necessay de ue  mpiica 11

E  ND NOTHINGNS

nowdg is t be pssibe T two data nta o ta cnta ego owv t st bcas th mpiica  s f cu ditinct om a sficient  a tancn dta s and t scd becau accodig to Sat the i o n f epanation to wic it answs, ad even me dcsive, it in act ma s-coscsess uintigib T tandad Katia csideation to wich ss appa in av of a tanscendta bct, vv aond t n f smething to gu a t sjct-tem f t sthetic act wic a qd, n tn,  t nit o con scions Sat jcts this agmnt o t gonds that (1) t  cnsciouns ca b tak t de fm t unit f bjects g t nt o ths pn pvides o t it o wat  tak to b m vaius pceptua pinc of t Sc pomgy has decad concions to b dned b nttait and inttionait to vov tascdenc t an bject t objct o cscisness ae aaiab as an paa to oc n pac f a tascndta go (2) Th t o cscsess ve tim  it duatio  ds t stand in e of epanatin o ong a w cocv cnscsness pim odia as  himsef shwed can b do in i wok  inta tim-cscusess a a tmpoa tndd, ate tha a intantanous tct S th tascdnta  i urfluou Th tacta I is futhmo iompal wt -cscsness if it itd it wo vt sepaat cnsciusnes om it it wo vid it, scing tog ac cocious ik a pae bad T tacndnta I s the at f cnsciusn  Sat agmnt, picating t metapo i tat w d ot as a matte o pomnoogca act cnt an I in ist od o uv' coscius ss, eg,  ti pn on t dsk ad o ould w do o becau t i o pac f an ' t ccup T k poit h i tat i d f usse accot to wok tw cnditn  t be satsed th ' a mt ot b an oj of cncious ns f te it wod b xrnal, bt t nete b nd to be smtng or conscisess' and not g a m at' o cosciosnss The ', i od to b ineio t cnsciusness wod ed teeo to ihabi coscisess Bt tis i icom patbe wit t csa daphanos tansuct caact f 

OVRVIW  

t ration o onciou intntionait  ne Srtre dcri tion o h  a reezin and darknin oncioun, detoig it potanet, rndrin t opaqu and ondrable Sartre atr add a urther arumnt  n  wr pren at th unr fletie ee, tn i identit, or commnication, with the ' o rfcti oioun coud not b comprhended  woud mutip witout intigib conneton But how, if thr i no trancdea I, an artre hop to xpain the a xitne o fconcioune in t ene o t cond dtm, i. t ta and ce prnc of n  on a occaion whn  rfet on m tate o onciou n En ore worrin,  ma m that Sartr rumnt h orot te mark if -onioune i oncioune o a , an  a  can nthr b n obct of nor inhabit m concioune, thn -oncioun i imoibe, in whic a, o it em,  tnk thouht are impoib  whih obio t ar not art awr  that, whi tre i of coure a near onnctio betwen rftion an an  the ata are otd or b ppoin ) that t at o rfction rats t I an nsrts or interpoat it into t unreecti ed (an acout tht Hur i in no oition to rct haing ime argud tat reetion conur t onioune o wi it i dirctd) and 2) that the I houd be anad  bar[ing to the cocrt and pchopia m te am ratin a do a point to thr dimnion it i an innit otractd   cod art of thi account xpain, without apea to a trn edenta go wh  cannot be thouht witout xitntial mpot and wh t i neeth not the tinkin o an objet a hain t roperti of a onrt and phohia etit ddition port or th interpretation deri from th oberaion tat thr i a mimath btwen ha we think b man o th oncpt , and t bai on wich it i touht t id of an  i o omthin that ha a permanne bond the onioun tat prnt entertain it and indd beond a onion Ba t id o th ' i that of oethig norihabe whic poe a cotnt wih i not gien and woud nd to be nfoded, it tp of etne , a artr pt it, c coe to at o etea truth tan to t o co ioune f th metphic o  and it ptemoo com 1

A EN ND NONNSS

apat o tikin, then we cannot caim etaint with epet to the natu of the  and ouht to tat it a a pobmatic, phioopica upct itm  mpotat pat of Sate to main udeopd in The Tranendee o the Eo o xampe th ida tha I' efe o a onct entit, but not as that ont ntit i puin a w a atati  whnce the pcuia mode of pnatio tat contitute ? And wh indd houd a  appea at a on the ocaion of etion? BN wi fi in t p but th net aimn i aead conideabe at ha aticuatd te poibiit that t tancendenta d o oncioun i thout n  and i what make th  poib and hown tat muh faou hi metapic oe u. he ae, howe, wo mao pobm with th po ition ake in The Tanendee o th Eo  fit, whih theaten to tak  bak to Hue poition cone t indiiduation o ied of impesoa concioune at ma hae ow that a tacednta  canot xpain what i a ied of cociounes it idnit and tat hi ow mode poid a bette expanation of e-concioune but ti mod ti peuppoe the notion of a partulr fied of concioues and en if the ound of it indiduation i no peoa  at ha hown wh we houd hitate to thik hat it a th chaate of an   it eem ta thee mut ti b ome h ound and n T e Tansndene o the o ae doe not a wha i i e acknowede tat conciou n otitut a nthetic indiidua totait but dimie he pobm whih ti ae with th mak that the indi iduait o concioue tem om i own atu he econd pobem conncd with the t i that wi we ma aee with at that eetion cannot be undetood in tem of an odina judmnt of identit it contain ome eement of feit wic ate appa to hae mid Sat a that  fecti cocioue do not tae itf fo obect wh  ca out t Coio, and tat what it affim cocn he eectd concioue But ti eem on pat of wha i inoed what efection affims exty (i Sat aua thtica) concn o he efctd oncioune but eio ao mpltl afim ome ting conenin ie, am, tha both it and th eectd 14

OVV O 

onioun elon to the same suet I tion did not ap ite a o t am ubjt a th onione lted on tn te menta tam whi i pentd to me b  tion on m onioune wod a the ae ndient aien haate a the tna wd hi ompehenon impiit in t tie act  at at a artal eaiaton o eet, and t ha bn ot ih o n Sat minimat aount in The T ansndene o he Eo n BN we wi nd Sate makin adjtmnt to the aont in n The Transndne o the Eo whh oome the imiao, and whi at t am tim make onion to u n tin Hue in Th Transedene of the Eo Sat pa aateita itt atteton to t pioopa intetion whh u ata had o the anendnta , and auab h miontue the wat Sate how i on tat t tanednta  annot b jutid on narro p nomnooia od, not tat it aot an it pae a a de fato ath tan me d jure ntit o boad tan dntal nd, and in B& Sat wi intde a tutue wi o a it den om H tanendental ope a  imia teotia poitin e imtaton o Sate' ueei a, ow, otunat ieeant to hi tu pioopia pupoe in The Transendee o he Eo, beau what Sat a a i hi iht in th a i t onpton o  wh i intal to aural onione  inian o Sate' epunin o Hu tanendenta  i to etabh a kind o atheim o oioune dited aant ou natual teiti  onption Sate want to undene ou poound ene o oue a  to put it in tab indinite te  omthin ubtantial in ehd and suortn t team o ou on oun  wih th u o ou menta i i oed ad rom wh t ow; te onption o te el wh Sat aib to u i o impotae n t apait a a pho ophia atiuation o ti ommonna oniin o on pona ait hat ti  te a point o The Transendne o the Eo eee wit  oe whn Sat epain that,  onioun i tanendnta impeonal, ten th ida whih w dinai mplo, and wi en moait u a a Roeouaud ampi o an about 15

ARR ING ND NOTNGNESS

bai, naua   nnd  ii moiatin in hman ph u b abandnd h nti   human pna idntit mu b houht Cmmnn phia panatin hibi h fow in pan n th bai of a i  unfti niu pid with a in haat and ontnt   amp fin  a paiua quai ditd twad m patiu a pn  w n in tk u o b pnted wih phooia mnt   p mon  o  hat  whih w upp t ndi and manit thm  in niou pid, in  ahion anau to phia  at a h mnt a nd nt hw h a nid n  idntia wih but a in  and by ou inananu nun whh  ta hin a d f pmann, nd bnd hi i what aw   think tht th  hat   tda i on and th same o that   da mwha in h wa tha  n iit pi a pha bt B and di onm a t hi pattn aodin t mnn ph at a pntd in t (but on option) b h aiptin  what at a quaiti, unding dipi tn wh atiatn i i to tat and  ation h fo  hi md  t w u to  phoia panatin in h fami  f aua tie poding om a batum  qati whih w a t ontitt a pn' haat, ad owad whih  ati atid  admiati, aion t) a ditd  hw th  of in do nt   nthn in th hintgond  ioun th h i nthin to own o t pid a ubt  ihn o  a and qaiti And om thi it f w  in aodn wih nd a  nion of th    ha at ha ad tod bu h  of ftin  that ou tat and qaiti mut b dd  asede pu s o ni th  o o o p whih thy p i pod to  ion u hee  h d not wihin o bhid  oni h nitin of thi ni on Sa mpt pi tu i a ow h o  pn  a nndnt bt o i nn piing a nthi uni o ta d atn, ditd b aiti Th phi (ath 16

OVV OF M

tan cosi) bjct ha two fac': n the n and, it apar (n nomnat as) s  , a act nd  th otr (i sa c) a m' (mo s ps r caab of bn afc Immanent uni of concoess:

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MSN REFLC TIVE -

CSCSNE uces

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CONS

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  e

mn ns and t dispn o ycoo ar eacy wron i t eadin of  arrow the hnk that t resss on t reatn  knowd  tt  s va concoues tat  com to ko my stat and quat d tht h ra tn  poduto os i te pst drctio ro ht to ft t i, omn sns t  bu o y at and u i at m scsn  a t i m  and at ar hat mak m  a  do he impt  Sarr nw ethyc o te se, and h mtaton o  metahyica uon t m mon n ar tated cary b artr [ o] i a irt oc of nt ad cnscon coti ts i a o in ompty th v dton rm tat owed by a roducton wt s ay rt i cs ns rou wic are contttd ttes ten, tro these the  B a t order s rsd . . .] conisnss ar n as matn m tat d sts a rodcd b the o. A a conuee cncons projts s own on tneit in h obct o s as t cnr on it e rti owr .  ] t is ts acty a  conscisnes conttut t  as a fa rrtn  i a f consisns y otised se bor t E wich t ha contttd, bec aborbd i t as i  mad t Eo its saad an t aw  mik o resn h ao i ter no ca ai nt t  at o t e natr of t o as ncion cnstte t hat  od b th a man  ben th 

ARE  D 

orc of oncio  ain th part of t tor  W hod oncio conttt a objct whch norporat a irprtation of thr ration  awat ompto  BN, thoh Sartr mak a pcat tio at th nd of Th Tasendne of he o oncion tak fiht ro and k to mak t own montro potat' rtio of poibiit and rtino bert  motia tiona panation o or bif i th o r ot tratin it a mr a rroo torta hpot  n pport of  rotoar rcontra of t ontoo of ma pronat, Sartr mpa t ptmooica ap btwn conon and tate nr am  rationa omee b a n conco to attrbt to f a cr tain tat (t  p to m to dcid what nificanc to arib to  in) r adanc  mak bond th dat of r i conco to th rfti i ndrotiatd b t data n BN it w b red that th ndrtakn of a ommtme i what aow m to cro t ap aratn coion fom tte ad mch w b ad o te w in whch fattrbtion and ca to fknowd ak ot an ontoo oan wch m ftr conon and on dct ma or ma not rd t  b obrd tat Sarr' armnt do not r t ot tat or oncion ar f not rondd in a tra cndt  or btti pohood tn rodd in noprona noosous tat of affair  rooica tat mot obio h ad to on fa obratio abot The Tasedne of he go, whh oo forward to what wi b ard i BN t i far rom ar o ar, w t poto tkn n The Tansndee o th o rard t f od b petd to ait t dopmnt of a thor of ma frdom  ther  no trandnta  and if t proi of ma bi  an ffct o oncon ratr tan it rond t or ordiar ida of or a ator o or ation  drmed ndd  th fd of coion  tracndta ipro thn it iht e ma fae that poz  indcatd tat pro ar mr modica tion of iprona btac and that or n of or a f-bitt xitnt  ont a o Bt 

OVV F S

Sat ndcat w   confdn at th doo a not bn opned to Spinozim ouout The Tranndne o the go t a mak pathtca to it aumnt but antcpatn a of N, to t ffc tat concoun i a utantial abolut autonomou a totali at a no nd to b comptd, fimiti n t mann of pinoza ubtanc,  cau o tf a p o aolut xtnc o pu pontani whch dtmin tm to xt a ceaton x nihio Sat nit xpain no usts te cam and appa to ead tm omow a bac pncp o pnomnoo cud aad b Hu! Wth o not ti is accuat t tut s tat Sat i onc aain un th plafom of phnomnoo o sake out h own mtapcs, and n BN Sat wl caif fin ad attmpt to mak paub i caim tat concioun  an autonomou totai  iona poct o The Traedene of th go i puud uth, and in a mo pontd moaitic dc tion in Skehfor a Theory o the Emotion, pubid in  (Th Skth fomd pat o a lon manucpt wth th tt La yh ompod in 8, abandond b at and appa n ot) om t lat pptv of N, t  a n w t topc o motion oud hav attactd Sat attnton n th commonn concpton moton i a foc-ke stat wic (a) inabt, coou and a th capact to obcu co cioun (b) i sud o pav udon, (c) tpcal ha connction w bod ad pooica condton and wi t anmat of human b, (d) tnd chaactca to pomot iatioat oudmnt and acton and () potn ta qu attibution o fom and poibt (as n t uidica concpto o a cim passon). In a of t (co ntinkd) pct, h xitn o moton appa to pak aat th cocpton o th aboutl f ua ubt wic Sat w fnd  B an th Sketh i a pmina attmpt to t th caln wch t po. Emoton, Sat aus,  not t coniou ct o co at o a phooca occuc, no a bhaioua mcam, but a pciic mod o consciou o obct n wch individ ua and t wod o poton of t a appdd a han 

A' I D OS

quat   pciic kind  quat n quetin a ctiu u with th that obt dpa in the cou of ur rda nnmoto pata nmnt: om p a nedin tbhpd the tm  nditb-cht th fir a hav-t-bit and uhlk Wht pecific ditiuh emotional quat Sate ut i a knd f urpivee whih bta (i) the cntbuto of matn nd ii) a moti vat upen o abandnmnt  th pctca pptiv Ech tp f moton s dd b the ptiuar t f qua itie wic it v t t bject nd Str offr ana  the wa  whh mtin u a o mlah e nd upt end t the wd a partua niztin nd infan which n on wa r athe eieve th ubt f th buden f at b epentin th word a not pcin  pactia dmnd n whi po om t  dict for t ub jct maiat  mtn e bnd it uua fut n  fitina ntt b dint f t  ee whh amnie t be in th ait of th qut which the wd i nw mined to hv But  n Ste ccunt imanativ cnoun  na  nciou f tf as uh   iu  n une bect can b ahivd n b pitin th bjt gns ait  th upe tnmtion of the wrd in mtn  accmpnid d udrwrtt b  kwd Emtn  theeo vr  to f nt ct n ntan  dcptin ht Str h provdd h th b r  comrniv th of afftvt ma be dubtd mr paubl Sate ha thed  b-cla r partiua mde  emti or dntied  ptntat whh  manent n a mtion but nd not awa b tuized h imprtant pnt  peent purp hwever i tat t Sketh dvnce th m knd  e tr xpaatn  ntur onioun a The Tsendn  th Ego, d imar nta the need  an tha ienttion ut a nune hpntiz tlf b the ima of an   t t miepnt itf a pa ve n atin to th mtna tanfiurd wd and jt  cogniton  the t or t ncun the tk of puifn te o ohptatn ectin   to mut nun  tf m ecti nchantmnt.  tten o tranatn what cmon n  happ t accept 

OVV O MS

r psco t postuat as brut fact  tur ito pur poi ntntoa tructurs  ordr t imiat what w otrw b countd s mitatns t uma frdm rcur hrouout B&N ad it cmprss a tat rm in artrs pnmno o ussr cocpt f t ph' r p nmnooica rduction.   Frdm and human t Wat spart B&N m t ar wrti  ts dopmt   xpct dctri of humn from wthn a compt mtapsc contxt frdm i artrs iw is n mr pcc powr r cpcit ad ts undrtandn rurs tht rthn b rtuht rom t rund up nc th articuatn  a fu pspica sstm i contrast wt t rat fragmn tr anass und  artr tt of th 0s T prbm of uman rdom prsnts th foown mth odoca dficut. t s atura t approac th prbm b wa  om prr ccptin f th tt whs frdom  undr cosdaton o th bai o om nt o wht t s tat w ar t  condrd wtr r nt titi  ht srt mght hav fdm Bu thi artr cnsdr ads th dic ant rdm  t prior ccpt of what w r i formd wtout cnsdraton o rdm tn t  hrd to  hw t can ad rprntn fdom a mthng xtrna nd co tnnt r tackd o to ur ssc n  th rumn r our psss of t attrbut of frdm s compn, a pu must rmain rrdin our bod wth it artr rrds prus piophc ttmpt t s t prob wit t (uafid) cpti o Hdrs a dfct n xact ths wa phspca asumpton an ntsts xtranu t r dm h bn awd to dtrmn rfctn  th natur  m  Dcrt ad pns ccout f man ar udd b a (pa)titic mtac of ubtnc H b  ration astic and ptmistc iw  hua hitor and so o  wth th cnsunc that hun dom ha b ithr nd o mrprntd Ths might ust tat t dtt of t ubjc shoud ot b xd phpca prr t t dtrmtn of frdm ut ts ncuntr a prbm om cncpto o what w ar nd to b in psiton at th utt  w can hard r th tura thd ad bgn wth rom r tht woud b 21

A IG  TIGSS

o asb from o somng oncal only as ha to w om s o b ascrb' Wto som nn nt concon of  sbjct trm, h ascron o rom mas no sns W aa o b movng n cls  nthr  abt of from, nor a caactzaon o man ntt, can b acor oy ovr t oh, tn w ms n som wa of fomng or conptons of bo ntem oranou T jgmn hman bngs a fr' o man as om of wll' w consy b of  pcar kn ha gl as a sclav rooson, wr n t sbjt nor  pdat rm an b rsppos wot h o s roosons a, Hl says, no sspbl to oso cal poof n  st sns; losocal rlton as nsad t ob o showng ac o t concps nfog nto h o n ts way w can o to mak a t of  navoabl mthoologcal cay wh as mgd Togh Sat os no scrb s aroac n tms of gs plosophca vocabay, ths s  mthod wc h n c oows  B&N t s, ov, on ng to say at om an man ntty n o b thot aongs o anot th d cly s to fn a way o on so Sartrs oposa conssts n a raay nw kn o answ o th taona son o  na o an n la of an acont o wh attrbs na man bns om otr kns of ns, Sar gs a wolly mmant toy o wat t s or a ma bng to s, w t noon o snc mloyd mbos a mbr o logca clas wch a rcal o ts ro  sowng  ossbt of om T ssnta pons con crng Sats noon ar  oowng  Th sto o what  s fo a hman bng to s s t, n Sats con pon, to  fr ro stanpont () Apparancs to th conray, m sc' s not a am, ac o sa o aa  an ama o ornay ss  askg wa  s o m o st  s bng ask wa  s o m o rap  to ha to) a p o rat o  my sc 3 yng tat ca b sa abo what in o thng  am s ov by  accont o wa  s o m to grasp ta I am )  prscv o B&N's  s rom th bgnnng w o no  s so o h n  an ss w w wl n 

OVVIW OF M

to ad tht of th  ovsoally, t staton o ts aoah vs om h nd to elmae onons: nly whn t hma bng  onv fom th tandpo of th   t onv  tms tat a ot boowd om h wo   t ow tms  as t   tlf Mo ply Sa's ft o mhooogy  ontd logally w  sbtatv vw ha wha  am s a bg that gasp f a g  my st w a at of any oay kd, o f my sn w gvn by a t of taly obsvabl ha atst ha ng man bgs fom o kn of bng, t th wol b no ao t t that th objt of y aot b tah fom h st o pv an  wl b la why tha v hol b v lg moologaly ) T on  t na of m n s tadtoal fo maton ak s to  of osv as blogng to on  t seal s o th hat oa t wold,  so  s to fom f  gal thoy o th dfft ks of wolly nty Sa' sto of wht t s to s dt o atnton t to a o o fl atvty ntna to  man sb asa on a  as ommo s, tll s hat gasg osf as etg s  stao a mmate ma, wh ls  an absolly s ogto St d ta t oto  pmoally a tan of knowg   w hav n, n Th  Tasede o th o h aatz t  of flton as t ojton of an al ty  ad gads th gst ton n flto of on own  a only t  of a mtaysal bg: my t  gas atly, fo Sat, oly whn t s ntoo a s ao vao, moal an o mons wh e as fa as a d val hma l ns ad wh hs t a t elaton whh oms t ae takn  a smtg ot tan a objet of nwlg T goal of BN a a hlooh al tats  o av thoal kowlg of wha t s fo m o ga my tn ad o wat ollows om ths, bt h to of gang o ltgto o ow ste s ly atal th slfatg,  wh slfkowng  bt on bsay n vtv nsta, s ffvely va l to wa w onaly all a o's lg th lf 

SA'S BEING AND NONNSS

3 f Sa ae to th to, What am ?   oe that  am a  a  e  f a e a g h th tatoa o t   of tg a e ee o o av aato to hma eg o a ay a,  oe ot hav t am k o a ao a t o wh  k o hg  th wo o  o a a eg a o t o a avg a ata tmat caace O wa of   o  to ay at th hma c  ihot a ec aavey a  ee   e at t ec   thtc o of  obt' o a  te m i ee' /) t  g o com a o Sa am o o-o feom a hma y  o te  ocai   oee otma em oo y a th   o a o ta o  a tt amfca o th o of a ma t mght o' to that of feom To a t  th amo to,  o a oo th at a a t fc of ma fom T foog o o o Sat oc e to  o Sae  a ga evo hooha aco a ba mcly a wttgy, o aot o th mho y aot agat fom t what t may  ake ma at aoah a  eto? om t aot o a Soza Sat' mo hat eom  t aoat ot  eee to wc ma ett ho  f  jt a fo a Soa aam aa fom a aot t Spo  ga  mae  hh Sate' oeto of ma aa o hae  e  th gt of  ee oo ta ma  ee a a  m a a hoopca eake Cay  coe he a  a ho ga ffcy o a mtaooa at  a o ho ay hooca ym a omma at f t m oe om om a c ot om th taot o om oe ytm a goe a og ma o tho wo a o a  g cam o ha ok  a o th om e  a m o hat a  oe   a  hooy  o e tat 24

OVRVW O M

 mt tar omwr  av r o ca aov wy t wold  jt o m Sar' poto a arbrary, an  wll com clarr  w ow p o wat ca b rard a  matr arm or dom n BN T problm o ma from prt n t way cr bry abov an for rao wc BN wll labora a l taornary fcly Rlco on  problm ov caracrtcay bac a or btw, a t on tr alna covcon o h contt, cty an jtc o o clam o rdom, a at  or, a coap o comp   attmpt o tk hma from cortly at h only concon o b raw,  m,  at t co cp  cmrcal Now   alo r    omng wc aa BN l  to pa, or rahr rmnd  o nc   ary omtn a can b ovrlook  at ma tc, wn tard   ac ratr an apprn way on, b p ra of ntllblty ovr  horo o o ocal artca concr, w appar to o rp or ow cocpal rap of wa   at w a Sar raty  to br t wo probm or explananda otr, o n ordr to or an plaaon o ot  rm o om thr concpal lmt, b w a vw o gng ac,  t man o wo mlano ao , o ov  or a , B& am to ow tat mag or c an y nlgb rr  to tk a th vry mo  c w  dr from tha of worll objc, and a a parall rvo of commo  rad t concp o rdom  wrb w wll b bro to  tat common  oca or rdom  too prfcal a lv  ow  a fdom  wha d or nonordy mo o  Sarr am o carry t all  way rog o t pont o drag from an ma vao  t dco of yor ' from my I   tm o o aotr T folng to o aot o  concpt of ma c an rom ha t cr n t oow pont Wa ncta or radg  jdmt at ma  r a a pclav propoto  t mpoblt o rardng r rm a t m prca o h otr l rard t rakow of bctpca trcr a rva t l rcr o all ray Sar gard  a va 

A G D THGSS

t tructur o t umn ct T mod o ng wc d  hmn uct do not on rtr ccont  cdca om w do no   n ny xt  uct o wch ot my  dcd wo tng oow rom  r t oow  rgd n Th Tranndn f th )   common n concton o humn onty whc  ao t cocto o t d cn o ycoogy mut  rctd nd tt  cton  nc o rdng mn rdom  or xnc xtd t dgmnta om o ubc nd dc,  w coud not tn orv  r cond t olow tat t  xt' n con o mn bg, mu  undr tood  vng n t gammatcay c wy  w gn o  ov o y t  hmn ct xt  aldy o g t  atv nd to y omtng ou t mod nd tctu o t actt a  my ao  , mn xnc t  t crctr o n , or occnc n ton to  x-mn ordr n ncton o yt notr ct n wc Sat' y oocl rooon d con ct rgty t w  gd o oow om  nonconormy o mn xtnc to ctrdct om a ooc ucdon o mn ng ow ndd rr contrdctory dcaton  w oo bc to Th Trad f h E, w  ow  r  w o t crc d r ccont o  trancdnta  t no, a o  trdon con cton o rdct  onn to mhn n X c  r brr n cnr on o conncon c t t rdcat ar untna wtot t X y dngb rom t. But t rton o t go o ron to t mn  , Sr m cr,  ncongrunt wt th mod  ubct X  ncry dfrnt to th ot xd by t rdct wr  cton o  ta  ck o o  Ego n od o y t    ry nw tt oducd y t go coou nd nunc t go n t momnt t go roduc t [  ] t  not t crm commtd y Ronov   ncor ortd nto  go O r, o b c t i t cm, t n a codd orm n t  o a u  26

OVEVE O E

Stt d ct r ttcd to t go  to t origi d yt not gin  ng rouly bn iti t Ego t Ego i lwy urd y wt t roduc v tog, rom otr ont o iw it  t t roduc d cnnot b ytig otr t wt it roduc; t Ego mt it uliti by  itbl cotuou crtio nd yt if w trd t uiti y t wo  oti lft t Ego wld  id  n iw of t roxic t tg  wc ord our concing t rlton o t Eo to it tt ut  ct  o of it mto or ctulztio nd itd t  omro it otc cton   ttr modl fo t nty of t umn ubct i roidd Str uggt by mlody n wc carly tr i no  X  T ogc o t rato of ro to tir m tt  tu togtr int fom, mc rcr d mo omlx tn all tt w d outid t mn word, d t xn tion fo t xtm cotu cuty on Srtr ccount, i tt t commonn cocto o ron  dr rom cocou troug t ctolzig ortio o cton nd onuty c rity it icoort  otnity bt in  dgdd orm  udoontnity in wic  mmory o t ontnty o oniou i tn. T commo conction of r  ormd by t inort imoton o t trdition tuctr o ubtc onto t onubt-dct tructur o oncio nc t utmt rrtionity of t coction tctng wt t tm of dom n mod of ing i  tird rgtt ctor wic onrn t utmty rctcl rodly ticl dmnon o rt ytm I Srtr viw, ooic mionton  mn xit nc r o  ic t  ty rnorc nd undwt t doton o  tnc nd ttitud tow i wic  x icd in bot t rt nd t tid on,  cti rtr itnd to i  tr rticution of u xtc wc,  o i condc to  rviion of o nd mt otton ilooy ot oi t dfiicy n uman lif  N cocud on t contrry, tt umn li i  omnon o ck  ut it c  u to dtngu t mtyicly ny, d otr mdi om 

SA'S   

of dfctvn nd t tpc cnbuton my b kn a on m f hooc t  agmnt  dm offd n B& conit, o, n  dmontton of t ymac chnc of t mtpy c, and f t cpc to ov ooic pbm f  fndmnt cct wch ,  gu ot ntc B&N do not giv a ic o that t pob m cud no b go to yd ot oton, b Sat m t a a paub that h  th c. Ti y no c to  t confdnc f  Spn,  anyon wo cam no t ha th bc ntuton of t y  mn fdom, but f t uccd n gng n B&N  unfid, yntic w o humn f   mtayca nmnon, n wc nomna a mcno  fconcon, o ty nodg o ot mnd, ul nd moton  a ntgy nttd, nd wc hmo om  atc acc onon n t cam n  tn tion  b a og  b In uung  nuy nt t t  o  uman ct t , B& no ony moy  gy atct mphy c angg b on  pnt of ooc gic, a w v ady gun t , d tngy fom nytc oy t tngu btwn diffn mo of bng  dn ht t   ng mnng, cn tnt of dffnt n  ng dffnt dg o  , nd gd on c of nt,  hmn uct,  cactd by ac f fdntty nd  t bc f contdctoy dict n   ca, t  motn o not, St on  not tot hoica cdn t nvociy f tnc  a bc f tnd contoy n mdv oopy w dncon btwn dnt dg f aty  umd, on vo gound,  t wy  fo to to Knt, nd  cnctu g of nonf idntty ong wth  d tat cntdicn can n n t,  fmouy fond n g ooic cdn  w not  f n xpanton o cu fo St' actic, nd t wod b  t dn tt t concu fom c dffcut, f ony bcu  t w n whch thy mmdt comct at cim Wt od b  tttd twd m, ho? 

OVW O MES

T sons of mny ngoon omntor s bn to grd atrs ogicy romc conua orms s no mo thn mhos, nd mo roy r mysc n B&N  inc t i a to iv  wdg btwn t wo  s dmndng tnsltion ino som ohr oocl idom or xl t of onorry anlyc osoy of mind Wil som gins  to b ma by aocing art n is wy, t s son fo tnng ht  snt n ultimtly nssctoy oton Th i no sim mtod of tanlton wic yld  cont nd ntsting, origin nd dtin vy n iloohic ouloo, n t tycl shot s to mak r cntrl d m undr-motitd nd oory dfndd m xggraton of in nd tr tuh s s acnowlgd by o who ta t nson och n so r s hy dscri wht hy  doing  oing arti conrucon o  mnts n  woh ging  isincnton to t t mtaysc t c v  t s mon to no, sourcs itnct fom t moiv o avoiing comcaions o osocl logic ncudng sym ty wit num anty to mysc nd ccm rgdng t oiy nd uty o ilosoica sytm uilding Alo o g imonc  t ns t rrs bsntiv cim  bo ll gdng uman fom  ar simy too stong to  ountnnc Ts m  cl wht s   in th coc twn  mthsic nd a nonmaysic rdng o B&N Undying h l   commmn o oocl tn wc tr c ty clly to ting t blifs o -ilosoic, ordny o nurl onsciosnss s tng  mu o ooical crdy nc arrs ilosoy s n itious, dc ojct nndd o cllng nd vi common ns, nd ts myscs  ssnt o his mouning i  ng  y ovid  mn by wc w g bnd t arnc o odiny ogh   nonmysic d ng, whic domstcts &N nd ngs i no lin wi w w ony tin, conticts arrs ntnton Wt o no ts cng o common sn s succssl, t c s th w cannot bgin o ngg wi  unt w   coct cition o t ntnton bind rs caims n of t rsons o tir tngnss 

AE'S G AN GNE

 Sartr ad Kat n t rvou ct  loct St witin  tition wic t t conct o xitnc to v rctal n xologic gncnc, nd w v jt n in  gnrl tm ow Satr rgad ontoog  connctd, va rdom, wit v  w now rw om omrion o rtr wt t iooic co wo conction o t t o loo St in rg t rm, Knt,  l ictr o wt St i roong in B&N w mg rtr gad ml  ing mov t t nd o t 90 out o t im o ur dlim, to mrc gg rm nd otn dc t iloocl ntuition wi B&N ndvor to articuat a  conton o t tut o rlm ut t alm wc Sartr m  two omonnt, on o w corrond to wt i uu ot wt t trm,   t o t rt o t ojct o xrnc, n t otr o wc do not. n n intw n  St cl tt B& a imd to ovi  io ol oundton or rm    n ot wor, ow to giv mn ot  autonom nd rit mong rl ojct vod ng im wtot ng nto mcntc mtrilm T lim tat St  to ti i tro, a  untan t, ood to nturim, o it incoroat  t con comonnt, t rity o umn autoomy, wi  rgrd mtrim a contdting. Sat concnt tion on t tm o umn om nd onction o it  dnng t t o iloo ut m, ongd ict n Sling, ury in  dct n o dcnt om Knt, n t ntinatualitic tncnnt taition, ut rtr' t on t gt Kantn ooton o Nt n rdom  i vw ot o wt it mont to nd o ow t olm o umn rom ou  olv   uttry tnctiv. Kant olton to t rolm o umn rdom tnd on tw conton irt on our cting t doctrin o tan cndntal ilm, tt , Kant t tt ntu  t m rm n wic w cn or onl t in of mc cl rton wic  or  nvrl t mnim  o onl  l gr o rt n cond, on our ccting Knt ccont o t moal lw, tt , t rinl wc tmin our ut, a r ong umn om, nd o o awrn o ti w t 

OVVW O M

mm c wc  comm a n m wy bng ng wh   ac  w o gny hav t om T w conn com ogh  K' t th, wl mcl ct  m nc hnom n,  at qua ma agn ow w m  th o ng  hmlv nomn' n Kant ttgy con  n a  o ag  cg o gvng  o commcl ton   mca wol  t n o  ly tct ly whc w nvly m  o ha, w g, on h  cono tha w bn  wll t t mn o maly h g o ga v a ng  w   ta a nc  vn n  wol wht bg c to do o by cng mca cont mg  th gn n ho o  con  wc t w  uneg to cb to any my na ng Boh t o K' tagy  y ctcz  acnnt alm  among t ng, avng e mcl wo  o ty, n  moa gmn o lvg man m w y h  vnt  o , nong o o  ccm ta ov n y at  Kan oln, whl gng K' ctu   olm   on bac c m Wh  cc m Kan ,  co  no  w, n n obc,  ntologcly what  c  K' conc     m ab iio n h w o mcl cay, m wc w n  c olv  on   om bng ov  may nt In St ga o om  may  tan ctng nowlg  m  moy,  u    ml by vy nnc  cgnon  -concn t  unncy an  m t tn ta w n o n  cl la  mn m m caly n  o y cam o m Pt l th,  my m ot ha ' an m cn v ng my ogm ly  ty o ou om cn b o obv an y t c Bt  th ont t n  b cogz a, a m gnong t a  ntc mnm an my cou-tn  ay  m,  n ac cnwlg n  can 

SAES EN AND TNGESS

ns  u o nm h nulst concton o h inddt ry o  i xd n Satr co ction o ngnit nd Srr coirs tat nuaim i cor n h n h  paradgm o  nty wi ul gnin ng i nd  mi oc or, u drny th whvr ls otid  ounds o mtl u cn not hv u, gin g  so mut  ong Th r, Sr thogt ll in  cuiou wy  lm nv mim vor y om ntlis orng o wich intntionity nd nomlit  t trtio mrs o  m  av no plc in th ric o ty t Sr k   rt ving mad  ca w  hvg dod of  d ha t is  unid ontoogic rm  or o u whn whch w n ouslv ocd prmody  w r u n  osition to rm our own xc nd o g cocty ts otoogc crct inc t is ru s  tuait ys a only mi ntur ms h condtio o ll n guin ig n cu w nonhs cno  u in o ovs as xtng  ome mnr miv marsm i rom th rv ng, litrly utn w r ui to tn o our xsc  xmpiying  derent mode ofeg om t o mtr na, morovr, o   n om sns nth c to  nc Satr ticton o or mod o g wt nongs s trtgy in um, is irt o or  itrrtion o t osoc nution wc unr li ntuim n gn is tority nd n  trning  ls agn natrm  o u ti nuo o revealee dom n  wy ooly nogous to t  wch crts u scpicm to v th  goud o nowdg  dou dvtag o Sr tagy ov Knts s  t lav xrl rly uy ct n dom rsng on o condto r trgy dlys o t whch Kn's o not   my rcs  d wic commo s arguy w om vocion uhold  t w e n fc ntwd cuy win t mrc ordr. om om osoc stnoit ts mt cou   croic wnss u or  rsos giv ov rom Srts own stdon i cot   r sgt o i osto nc on i ccon 

VRVIW O  M 

th amtn o r natralty  a dy gnant nt  ro n dnay cncn On mght add thror that B&N how that what a hnt antnatam dmand  a cntn not o mrcal aly t  ourle t whch a athal ltranrmato cond ncary Th ntrrtatn  naam wch art   nt aatd rm rlctn  th t o natal c n  n th tmc vrt  ntc mthod t g ac t a nc or ty o nc wc a rgad ot a tndng th w d   vyday nn  t world and a ao avaal t  n a r lct at m Ti contnty twn ordnay and ctna n  mortant o a and nt gral  th hnomnolgal mtd t cia nta od  whch Sartr aal n mr nvov a trann ence  ordnay rnc than d cart cogto t man ihi and tn throg atn th hlo hay gncant dmnn o ordinary nc and r that a a a o  r a mtahyca tton T tra-rdnary xnc n ton  th n wc artr dc amouy n Naua at th ont wr th nv rtagont nd hm vwmd y th rt rmtv an alty o tn dayd y a t t  wa n th mnca ar jt nw Th root  th ht nt tr ungd n th grnd t ndnat my nh   lng mmrd tha t wa a root Wd had da ard and wth hm t mang  tg t mtd  ng thm t l andmar w mn av tracd on thr ra  wa ttng lghtly t my had wd aln n ront  that ac otty ma whch wa ttrly crd and rghtnd m And n  ad t vlatn. t too my at away Nv t t at w day had  ctd what t mat to t    I aody ad ad m wat tn wa  d hav d n good at tat t wa notg t an mty orm wh addd t to xtnal thng wthout agng anythn   nat And th all  a ddn t t wa a car a day: nc had ddnly nvd t t ad lt t 

SAT'S ING AN NHIGNESS

ms n  n t goy  w  vy  o ng tat oo w std n sn     ws o  my tng to mys  s  oot  t ddn wo ny mo  w y t yo od no ss om t non s  oo,   ston um, to hat to t d comt son sn o tt oy ony ston oo T nton nd nong     T oo w s oo t s, ts on movmn, w     nt  non W  c  s t htogty o s d ot t ot  not my dnt om m n t son o vy tn ot, no my utvy dnt om m t dn om m at  mot ndmnt vl th o ts mod o g nd n s  w s to m t n on o nty o son T nson o n y ty n w   ot s ndd und t o ndtmnt on o ts m sn, v s  nomnoog y o 's oso on, nd n  gdd s ontnng n nue t s onoogy o B&N. snt ts  ot o st on w s a  dmttd y  o  n som sn, n nom n And vn  w gn tt  n cnno  ogt ty  o  s d to   w wy t mg  my  nton o syoog doyncy o a oy  cn w  d t oo onson dvd om t v t ust st nvty  t s mont to  t t s not tndng to my d o  mtys om n tvy gd ct st nomnoogy s not msm nd t nomnoogc mtod dos not onst n ddng m m ws T Nausea nc dos s ttv mhy mnng ony n a o cont o hoso ton  Tu t gu tt s nton o t Nauea  s sod y lon on t  o onsonss nd dys wt t mns o o to  d wt otv ty, nd ht  ovds nsgt nto t gond o mn dom onc  on o svty om otvty  n gsd y nd dsnt, w dsov  g  son 

OVV O  M S

nd nton wtn  l   h cdc of th go nd t  ry n  g St wll g tt o dom on. Srt o o nlm ont to wth tt o Knt, o wom t tmoogl orty o ntl cn bong wt t b gvn dt om w lo ohl rto hod d Sr do not nl h gmton o n ognton n  onton o   of ooy. ntd, St rc b  toty o lo o nrm to n tnt o, t ondton xrn o or ordny mr m, n gv t n  nw myc ntton wh ntl h t mn bct  od th h o ntr cn On nl mny o  wot dng o o t om ron o S w Knt o both thn, r   n, rl or m rdom n w th bt  no  c tent o  word o Knt h xt-mndnty on rt o  n  trnndtl btvty lod by th n y o ml nowdg  bt nnot blong to t mrc od o ntr n o    b' a priori con tbon  rd n ordr o t ord to b onttd. T ond n n wh o Knt t bt do not bong to t wod  it bng  noml mo n   onnctd wt, nd ro, t trnndnt dntty  n n w t Srtn bj nd t  om  wod  dnt  w v n, St rt dl m, nd o do no dmt  ozont dtnon o v t on r-mndn nd ontttng, nd th oth ont ttd ntd, o Sr t dtnton o l nd world   v dnton o domn oondng to two drnt ode of eng bot otd on  ng lvl° Conntl,  t mght b , t Kntn bt n t nndnt xmndnty nom o ontain t wod, wh t Stn bt tog no ontnd wtn t wod, nontr t    n t rct t my b rgd t Srtr  t ml t d  tt of rng dom wo o o dlm Th lo llow t to b ndrood why h thm o ov omng th ooton o rlm nd dlm od b  omnn rtr nl o B&N, nvod n vtll 

SAE'S B D HSS

vy mor ctxt o disuon  rtrs iw whi  ism ms fdom imb, idm m t to sy  nd thu givs   cunt o fdom  by vrtu f it ir t t th xtnt nd uty o u mmsion n th word th bts whh rud nd br on us nd n ton t wch u rdm d t  utid r nt   St us thy  or Knt  rdibl to nd funtons f our nwdg f tm th rty f frdm qur tht w b td t bt qu thir bi . tht obct  nown to b dcb t our nwldg f thm. itng btwn nd byod m d idism is tu nsry  th vnd tin f dm, o ts vw ***

Whth rt c thugh on his rom t ow m omy nd ty m r bt mn to b sn Th   high dgr  onnsu rgding th int t whch B& is on t tim. As  rus of t dry lit t wi rv ntiy th m th m obctins  md to t wth diffncs  ormti y th mority o mmnttos, nd t wi h to h th i viw rom th outst Thy  ) tht th duti ontogy  B& is ino hrnt  tht St doctin o bsut rdm  ith brd  vcu d 3 tht rt drs xioc nihi im uvoid d th ontrdit him whn h m  hv vidd n &  dton  t vus Th rs tur  th obcti w mrg in du o A t tutus  thought in th histy o hiohy hiv  nd  tor, iiony  d nnty w thmv to b dud  uoss f rid n t  ut o imgs nd bd ogs B& i no xc tio, d n th ur  it rctin nd th onvsion o xistntm ito  difu ctu mvmnt St ry hoohy h b ubctd to xction simictin not t sy vgition. t  b ud tht tr  om f th rsobity or tis  y vrt  th l s gs n B& wr tr givs h ty ows f rg, his ttmnt  hi ositi or ncdmi drs d udns nd hs bu his r itry w ms to imy th sibity  grsin hi id withut hvng t 

VV F  

ta t ard rout o oohca o T ta n adng B&N  ccodngy to tor to Sartrs da t tty nd comxty wch a  trd away n t cour o tr ouaaton o t  ony tn tt w can gag t orc o t tandad octon and t co aaa o Sartr to rly to tm

A 

RADNG THE EX

(A TH ASIC OTOOG

 a o artr taya oton  t ou n t ntroducton to B&,  urut o Bng xxx/ , and n art On, Captr 1  Orgn o gaon 45/84  nroducon  dn and ntrcat, and on of t ard art o  wor o gt ca aou artr orat wt a  of maay arat tr  ng,  nomnon, aaanc nc rannomnal  wc undrgo a r o comnaon and utaon at m ng to lad t radr no an vr-dnng maz   crua owvr, o gra  mov mad y arr n t ntoducon cau   r tha arr advanc a  of trong mtaya  concrnng concoun and t o wc rov ntal o nary a o t aor cam wc arr  gong to ma n B& t ot rng   o B& n atcua oncrnng uan rdom ar to a arg xtn tr ampcaon or ct domnt o maycal rooion ad down n t noducon artr mtaya tur ra f nally a con drably  cocad tan t arguntaon gvn n t uot: artr am n t ntroducon  to ow tat a rang of ooca om and uzz can  rolvd troug our actanc o cran ma a contuay rtv avng u wt an autr and car-cut ontooca tructu wc  rgnant wt mcaon or  ntrrtaon o t uan ut §1 Sas opo of poeno [Ioduon, Sion I

B& on wt a tatmnt o  oon wc, on arr acount, ooy a racd o ar   dnd y t oncton o nomnon wc artr rard a avng 

D E E

mg fm t w o ul  Hgg T utn w t ct  gnd t nw  t owg Wt  t f  tng t  g t nd gd y  t  g real ojeive eiee  ranending t ubt? t mgt  ud tt t two mtt of mtng g  t nd f t g f t ubt m  c,  undmty idependen  n ot n tt  w f t t of yn tgt t tw t n u  wy s t m n of ou m t   to ow wt  t  om wc  numb o tdtn tm g n mty t  bo  T tnt utn, tcut d dfndd  omoy  tt t tg t w w ttbut t xt ud  utd  oepuall primiive uiie of real eiene adpoiliie o appeaae tt , w u tt t  o iuve f mtng n  t tt t ud mft t n c, d tt t mn i  t appear 6 M y,  obt xtc  tf nt f u n ny ft um  c, ut n  t mode o ng,  w  ndd n   ct   nttn t t ut     t mg t  tu nd nt tw   u t  dt um f t  c o tt ot cg t om w   w mk t  f n nty T w o n w  t ut t f c  n ot  t t m tm t t   wt m t  tg   t d wt  tu t  uts T  my oouns  t n on my d, t obty f n nnty f dd tl n  t n    toud t, m t ng  tt,  on un  nt,  dttd y t tu o t t   g T nto f t nmnn  t ud f  y t t tttu  tt t  dy, t t Hu d Hgg wtd nd  ctt ntd n mzg w t d f tn ms w tdtony  b t t t f o ttt t  fft d t wk f  toy f wdg uy t ds ft dttn twn n nd ty, d 

SAS IN AND NHINNSS

hs o h Ka oso, a a dads , aordg o whh g  hdd hd aaac ad aaac  sord  or grodd  g I a ymmrca wa, arr sggs, h om o rag arca ad  sa s o h god h ssnc o h oc, a mh a h oc s,   h  o aara; h o ma s  ad s snc, a a sg ro h am gos aordg o Sarr, or h day o h obcs mhy a ro d xro ad or h Arsoa day o oc ad ac, oay ad aay Y, arr ags (xxxv4, hr s a robm wh h w coo o h omo, whc s  do  cam o do h oms asoad wh h radoa d and mas  m   h ha b my ds acd Th aas s ar ha racd h rali o h hg  h oivit o h homno (3), and  ha do o o h bas o a apa o a oca n   o aarac Bu hs oo coa a dcly Obos,  rng my  no  o aara s g o m n h am wa ha ay aruar aaac  h arca ra ac ha h  has or m a om mom  s g o m h  s dos o s aar  rahr  dcad y h cay g ra asc B wa ma os h rao o dao?  r a dda ca as o rasd s owards or obl aaacs o h ob or, o r xrss h rm  b rms, h sc o rascd h g dda rcua asc owad h oa s o wh   a mmbr /3 or, as ar os   ary or m o ha a as h dea o h oa  o aras o an o n hogh  ma  Ad wh h w sm o  a wh a as om o h od da ms h oc s n o sn onad wh ad  aohr sn osd o a g ca a  aows s o  hog o  a oay o acazao  rca a; ad   comod o a  wh  sm, mu  uma d rom h dda aarac whch mas  Th rogr w ma am o ha mad o ar, ar cond, oss  or ag go yod o h Kaa oco o aaac as oosd o g 

AD NG E X

§ Th phnomenon o bng Inodon, eon I 

 duty knowldgd n Ston   o grng t trutu o tnndn nold n nomn, o  Srtr o ut t t nnt n t nt  w  ddrd t  mu tr ont n &N. n Ston  t turn to t onton o t nomnon wt w  gn, nd r  nw u grdn t onton ondrton of w d to  ut t o motnt, ground-rng rut o y tt nomn no  onttt onnton twn  xtn nd n l undtrmnd t ntur of t ton nomnoogy rm tt pr n  t own eing xxv), t t mut  kd Wt  t for n to ' ng ow  t ont o ng' nd n to  oordntd Srtr m n Ston   to mk  t unny mt unty wt w w  r onfontd, y tng tn monton of t ng o n t nnot  uod tt n have eing n t m wy tt gr i weet: ng  tny no ulty o tng Wt my  uod, ow,  tt ng, n t  d y u  omtng d not notg, mut   ognzd  te png, u t ry n woud no t phenomenon of t eing w  to y: not only do the tale  to m n ddton, t r to m the eng of th t) t  tt tr    tng   nomnon o ng notng tt t ttmony of mood u  ordom  n w w tk u n tttud towd rytng tt xt gtrn t wt   t  my  d to  orroot) dn or t nomno og lty T mrk t' jton of dltony' w o ng, ordng to w t ont o ng  no xt-ontu gnn nd my  nyd nto  mrly og unton u r St  n gmnt wt dggr T nxt uton  wt,  dggr u o, t nomnon o ng  wt onttut t ng o rn dgg,  rt ntrrt m, on t nom non o ng  omtng urtr n t pnomnoogl fd, or nd o t n of tur xtnt, nd nw t uton o ow t on o bng nd 

S' BIN AND NHINGNSS

an hud  cdnatd y utng  atn  dloure twn nt and Bng, wt th uct n d a n m wy ung h ntt n d t ga  Bng A f h hwr, S rjc n th ground tat  ma th aanc hngf-ng relaional nd h ny uh onctn  unng Th ct d n pose ng and  nc  nt a aatn n ng, nor an  knd o n. I i Th  h ny wa  dn  mann o ng x/) a u th w h fowng argumn If Bng w dcd y ar n, thn  wud   t dnt mthng au' th jct h doe h dcn ut h  aud and n ny ca u n on  nmng undndng  ojct  h jct  gn  th ujc, hn  o   ng T nrm h nry cnmorany  ng wh  ty   manfatn ng  f t mm d dy and  t mn  a ng ,  Sar ut , repourdvoiler) no mng t wh th    manfatn nd   dd dgg  tu guty f  nd f du unng    ru ha th  a hnom non f ng, pae dlnm, u a t t cntut a urther ac u nt rung uh undndng  nd h attmt n eig and Time  acunt  n t m c h umntay, mdang cndtn wh ar ndd  Bng to  dod,  r mgudd n ctng dgg ntn f  on cnog) dtnctn  n/nt and Bng th udn  wh dn  undmna   hoh, Srtr  jtng dgg' cun  wat    aran t h ng ut nt gn c n h amn tht   ndd a hnomnn  ng' Cny w my, S afm, ty drct u attnn o an ct, u a  ta, n rd  ocu nad n  y at  t ng ut n tat c wa w a  u  a nw an de ent nomnon wh cann ie  tat wh cmp th ng f t hnomnn  th   h ng  t hnomnn ann  dud   nmnn  ng' 6) Th maj ngat rut  tat dgg' oncn  y a undamna ng', nur nto h 

ADNG  X

mg o Bg,  movd  m t Srt   t wh th t of oodntg ppr d g, d of xpng wht od b md of th pomon of bng Sartr pod to xtr th oowg frtr ouo T tm of Hdggr h ow tt t bg o pprn  not md v to  n th form of  p omon of g d h man, Srtr m, tt or to to t g o apprn annot e a ration of nowledg  for nowdg  Srt drtd t, vov dtrmng  tng  op', ad nythg tat w dt m  ot  oy   phomo Th dfto of owdg moyd r  rtvy row ad ott   Srtr  good o or draw t dto   do Kowdg of  o   po oy f  tnd  om nd of rto o t ng of O B th ng of  ot gu for m   ojt o owdg,  t g oO   odton of tr g, for m,  ojt or m to v ny owdg of tht   g ot  omtng aout t ojt tht  ow. Srtr'  o thn  trv pont tht f  ow  th  xt, d tat f  do ot xt t  do ot ow  t  t tt po tt t g o  mt  omthg m n  mod otr th tt  whh  ow atng ot O Or rto to t g o p mt b trfor,  Srtr prrd tm oogy ot ptmoog t otoog' t  owvr o tr ht tr i u a thg  th ph omo of g g an  md nto  homno dtory aot of   f Srtr ow how t ru ot othr, oHdggr w of otg th rto of n ad ppr, my t upoton of pomm or dam tt r xtn   redud to pobt o ar fbg n ppr  t t form o  pomon t g not conit in pomt   pnomno w mft othg t t mr oiit of homa  ot ntg. Bg mt  tfor tr pomn t  fl t h b of th pr  t pg' xxv/6 Srtr wrt t t g of h p nomo houg oxtv wh th pomno  ot b bjt o t hom odto' xv/6, mng tat, aogh  ng  mt tf t  ot caue t  do 

' BEI D HIS

o    h hr  bng  Scn V S w  m bou h nomnn o bng §3 Coniosn [odo , eon   ]

Son  bgn b umng h gumn w dm or nomnm Sa acrb  cm h  bng o h anc   rng  Bry and ndnou  u! t mg v md  dm  bn ud ady on  rngh o  cnuon n Scon    bng   aanc  an-nomn bu S ow a n uh  bun w dm mn unnd n h  c, Sa cnwdg ha  oon   dndd w  nn on  ducby o bng, m m rouy co  cac m, whh  cc  hgy obmac nd ao h dam h rong c n on coun o h mor cnomca and rghoward or a   bou bng nd nc Scnd havng ond u n Son  h uon  h ran o hoy o nowdg o onogy r now wan o cond d m wh c o  drn muon o  cna cm, namy  mnnng ha bng cn b reduced   now dg wc w v o  xxv/, o  bng  mud by nowdg' xxx/2 n nd mo morny  m b ojd o S  h r agumn  no rud dm bcu  da ma y a, n    u a nowdg o arnc ur nnmna bng h n-hnomna bng nd n  on h d  aanc h ran-hnomn bng o h uject n y  nar  T d ma ag a cgnon and h cmng   cann vod xn cmmmn  ha omhng mu d  b' or guan   bng o knwdg' xxv/ n o   cognn m v, a o knwng, mu b omng  bu add h h  rovdd o whn dam, nc  d do no k o rd  ubj o cognon o ranc ur nomnogy do ju   Sr a, bcau n rng nowdg o concoun,   h now n h caacy  eng' no a n obc  knowdg xxv/ r'   nda oncuon  ho no y cur T u o  rumd rgumn w dm  no dcad un 

D N  X

ctn V wv and t t  ctn   dtd t lay g down   n o Sat ty o t uc. llowng u, nd cyg o aumon om  own a wtng, at a t owng t gdng cncun  Concoun  ncay o omng t   oi ig  a tancndnt oc  otona cncun of  wd v 8 Rgdng at tmnogy po itional cncun  cocun wt ctul om cncoun o ; thei cncu  cncun wt udgmntal  otna m, cncun hatp) m t t low dcty t uo tt concoun a no contn"  n ta  noto o nytng ng n con coun  ncay a  t cdu o y ugt t  t  ng m cncoun xx 8   m du, on t gound tt t m no xcudd y concoun avg oct tat t ou alo v cntnt t ont  tat cncu mut  gd, not ut  nvong, ut a idential wt t aton  ntndng o gong-out-ga n oct t u tt cncun cud ao a a dn kind o tn v. tt o cntng omng wuld  to t cng toc, o t aut  term  om aon and nt t relating tat cncu i W gn t   tat cncun  Sat undtand t  y n mn t am a wa w com monnclly ca  t mn t   notwoty tt t xct an  xllg contnt m cncun  ntng t do wt aodng t mgc lm c ad y  tadtna doctn  t v  da, oug o cu Sat  w wa t  n d  t d  an ccoun o ow nton latc ont wodly c  Concoun  ncay  onioue ofite  pre reetie eonione  a cl t oniene e oi n d t ndcat t cuay o  ltn o T ntn  nnatv and d motnty, at an om ny clam gng  tmogy o t mna I   commonc  atnm t,   m cncu  an ct  n  now ta I m cncu f  u t  n 

RR BN A NHNE

wt Sart  mng wn  ay tat nn  f cnu St nvn t ttu a t pior ground f t bt nwdg  it wn ncn a wat ma fnwdg ole tr agumnt r ppng tt a rtng  niun mut b um bgn wt  reduto xxvi. Sup w dnty f-nun in gn a wt f-nwdg a d tr p pnz fnun nt n nwng  a nwng' n d   d T nwdg atn imprt wv Str bv  tntn  ubt nwr nd bt f nwdg nd t mmdt gnt n t a  -nwdg t qtn How d t bt  nw dg nw t idntty wt t bt  nwg? Mr py Hw d t nw t dntty n t uit di tintv naib and mmdt w?  w nd t t t bvu nd undamnta dfn twn nwng tat  m n pan  am ng  n nd nwng tt t Evnng tar  dnt wt and ar t prt f t Mrnng t nun f n  a  ne e  nt n any way n rdny  f ming t cnud tat n tng  t   antr Nw t mgt b upd tat t trdtn ntn  n ct  ftin nvd  t mnd' tningbac  attn tn n t nw ti qtn But  Str nt ap t rtn la reion mry tat t uz: Wat aw t ' f m rtn  my ncn  tt ', t nw t t b t m   t  idnt wt t ubt   t cnun w  td n? t m w ar ud t ntrd  trd tm' w d nw t dn tt bt tn t rtn  t tid upr' t t prviu tw trm nd t b antd r and an innt gr  t n mtin An acnt w t -nwdg t b ungundd run t nt nurmntab du  t  t n utn t wi  t  tat ut  w ap n t c  nwdg  t tat tr mt b mting ri n w it  gundd v nun  t  n ara an w ud w a rptm gund  nwdg  A rimtv tdn r nuivn  btnisn wud xpn t 

ADING  X

mmdy o t tnton tt w  l to me fom efctv wod-sd conuns to tv n cousne o ouv St gv lso n gmnt xxx/0 owng tt vn f t w gntd tt n ct of ton s wt exn sucnt te osslty of snowedg dts ut unles w suo  ctv f-consuns  e-tv l-conscoun do nt xst, tn ctn dny cognv cvemnts cm unntlge Te te c w  count tw cgtts, nd om u wt t nw  o c cgtt cound t   coond ng otconcousn nunes o t t cgtte, onscousn of t scond nd so on Bt  t twv ojctconounes w not dy sconcos, ten  woud nd to count hem n tun n de to ec t t '  wc, vn  t d of countng oncunss we ntlge  cley nt wt odny cognton f untty nvoves, nd n ny cse wl not vod t g, snc t end-d tv ncounss tmsev w ned to  countd Agn  ot s tt n od f te unty of te sut to  nteg, somtng mt medte t ton twn oton octconscosns nd efctv wns nd t omtng nnot t  et  os ton t-conscousn o n ct o ctn Tog  do not sl t out, te s  d ton le undlyng nd mottng  ts f -ctve consunss, wc s ndndnt m t cs tt  ms gdng t nd  el-nowdg to  mde ntl g. How  w to tn of conscousn Wt onct cn w om o t, nd n wt s must te conet e med? t s ent n ode o ncuness to  wt t s, tt t  dffnttd n te gt wy fom vytng e snc vytng s t   tnscndnt oct f t s to unt  t s wold Nw te s n w ts dffenttn ou cnnot  eal to ncunss tl  o  t we tn conouns woud sudly ned to nut tnsndnt stt of s n d to nw tef to e conscounes t olow tt ny dtncton tt w dw twn on t of ty nd not, wc d nt edy ncoot t functon nten t concousn wy t et tef ov 4

SAS EIN AND NHNGNSS

nd gnt t wod cnnot uccd   contu tn o conoun u cont o cncoun mut  t t cnct  omtng wc dfretiat s om t ct nd  osous of itse as doig o  tt  o omtng wc a ctv cncun T vy cndton und wc w cn tn  om  cnct o conoun nt t cncoun xvty 3 Cncun  autoou nd n bsout ut   subsati out wc ds t vd ts w fudato xxx-xxx23 T t t  t cm w v n ady n h rasde f th Eg nd n B& t tt t ont tt t  m t agn to  con coun  mtvton t tn t nd tt t xt dtmnton o t y t xxx/2, ut  t gv t ut y wng ow t ow m  vou t gdng concoun Anytng tt mgt  uod to dtmn o motvt cncun mut tnd n m  ton to cncoun, ut notng can tnd n  ton to concoun wtout ng t ot cu cncun s ntntonty nd wtut t ng concou o t  ton cu onoun  ctvy concou o notng cn dtmn concoun om t utd tonomuy wtout ng tn u nd cnvtd nto cncoun' -dtmnton utonomy Autonmy oncn t om tt omtng t nc t  xtnc nd o v n t tng condtn nd cu o xtnc ut t com co to yng o tt onoun xisne  -dvd  ose eite ar soi, concoun  n ste par i xxxxxx/2 tntd y Ban  T xtnc o cncun cm om concoun t nd tvtd xtnc T oow t m  t m n tat cncu n  ncy utnomu  notng coud tnd n t ton u o xtnc to concoun wtut ng n ntnc o cncoun  ut t ow tt t  ow m t m wc   gumt   cud tt cncun  dcy otoogiy org tt  tt t  no g onct und wc t  t woud m n t tn  concun  vng n ougt nto ng y m onconcou cu ony  t ty w 

DNG  X

ttn nt th d  tins,  t its nss suh tht its ssn wud c ts xstnc But nscusnss is not  sps  ny nus n Sts acunt  t is n na ind  ting  wc it s n instanc  an ts ns tt t ntin  n d wthin hic t tanstn cud b   cnsciousnss tntit t ts actuat ass But t is  cpcatn  wh it s y iotnt t a wth I it w tu without quaicatio tat cnscius nss s its xst, tn it wud b  sus s causa sui and by t us  taitna tahysis tis u gi cn sciusnss  sucint inn t  d To id tis icatn  wich wu ut at an th bsut ida ists, an in adtin cnct th t (bqu ccunt tat w i s in §9,  s at   t nss  cnsousnss  a uth dstinctn is nd Th xistnta s-actiatdnss hc Sat wants t w nsciusnss is ayjust  cbn tn  its autny with th gativ ty  nt cn  bin id  ntn, nd ts is dstint m t uh stn ty o udtioa xistntia s-suncy,   bin suc s t xist wth  nt nytng s xsts h att  substantaty n t u tadtn sns  what Sat as bin ts own untn'  is ot scib by Sat t nsciusnss it ds nt w  antng that  has yt ci, nd sain anst t is th at tat cnsciusnss s not cnscius  ts as an act  bstwin xistn n ts  ts asn, St says that cutin s quid in san o nsciusnss as aus  s xxxi/2 atug h cntinus t  s  at x3 t that ths t ts cud nt b d at i  ythin tat xists t is  sucint asn  its xist in und tat titna ssutin, t w ty ntas th stng, s w   tn  t tays ca d  tins But t inty nd xpict uss unstctd acatin t th nc  sucint sn th xistnc  cnsciousnss s n absut cntinnc Th nn-substantity o conscousnss thus has tw snss, wich a cnnctd it s bth t th ctnncy  t xistnc  nsusnss nd t its bin u aanc tout a ddn sotn substatu 

R' BENG ND NNGNS

§4 Aan    [Ioduo, Sion 

By th n  Sctn III it ay se that as ha een inicate snc Sarte  whater quaicatins  ay want t ad rarin cncusnss' scausatin  aar t hae nd th astic cnctin  the uject as as ute n yet Sctn IV eins wit t ecaatin tat w ha scae ieais' xiii The ia r wh we ae cad, hwe,  ny that wch e t ruc ben in nea t kw bn an Satr as t cear that w ha sti nt sa rm t s itn  whh e attrbuts t Hu an wh as srs t nae  eas  accri t whic transnna ben s th rrati  the ubject, an bjcts  cncu ne ar reucb t aearanc. Sctn IV an V ai  ih this itn Setin V w er a it aruent  t trans-nenaty  th bjcts  cncune Setin IV e abituy but as a necssary raratin r t aruent  Sctn V e t shw th unintiibty  Bey's enenastiait rua r jects  cn scusne that thir sse s tr erii t an absut niu, Sarte ints ut, an rant in th hnnaist-ast tat we u ny ta  jects a ercd, a distinctn ust b anw betwen the erce bt  cnsiusn, and te nwe  it r the ynts ta ras it tewie nw e  a tabe bes nwd of cnsciusns and a bjct-nscusne bec rctn an absurty Ths i enuh t ensure tat ther s soe qustin cncernn the bin  t tab Since a dct euctn thruh identity  the tae is ti subct rssin r the bn  t tab is t bin  cnciusne  s rue ut te nenaist ieait reutin su b eess, Sartr susts as t cai that t en  the tabe i ri o th beng  te rcein uject. n adtin t t ratity te bn  t tab n th henenaistideaist anayi s as ass  nesariy rctn s etn as t were n t t tab nt s thin t tab s  and ths ntn artr arues, arbur inchern. W can sea  assi bin' when an  wen an bject can b tut  as bin atd  tat i, 

NG H 

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Sctn V conns an un whc S, cn Dscats, cs  ntc ro Its rx tat s, aa nns-as t cas  shw tt h bn f th bjc o cnscusnss s nsnn but  a dfn sn  tt n n Sctn I T bn o osiusss Sart nw cs s ts dcty T t tt s scpcs rdn t xtna wd  t arunt s sund tn sc sctcs s n r T u nt s as s s S ts t shw t s sstb T s an ntc  t b dd nt  t rc ogio bu f t prri bn  t pr ipis [= pcn [  ] Cnscusnss s cnscusnss of 5

SA'S BING AD NHNNESS

sthn hs ns tht trnsndne is the cnsttu t structure  cnsiusnss tht is, tht cnsusness s brn suortd by  bn whh is nt ts This s wht we c th ntc r vv/8) This cbntn  sity wth cid rguentte rc s tntzn, nd dends intrprettn Her s n wy  undrstndn th ntc r rir we nted tht r Srtr cnscusnss ust be cn eid ntrny nd erscty Nw t s s prt  th erst  nscusnss rtr s intnin, tht t buts bg which, Sctn V hs shwn, ust b trns pnmn Wht mks ths runt qut dirent rm ither   Mres mus tw hnds r  th rty  th xtern wrd, r ny dnce  drct rs n th runds tht t s the thry  erptn beddd n m n sens, s tht t s s Srtr nsists, t -rectie nscisnss It srs wth re's rgmnt nd th dr t rst runt the id tt cnitin  tern reit nes n nrnce, bt t dirs in tht it uss, nt n ret judents  tht I rce  nd tht this ery judnt s  the ry hihst steic quity  but n th ndtns under whh cnsusness s rrcty conb n cnsqunc  ts trnscndent nd ersct chr tr, Srtre's pr s sy thr t ther ss it cn s t be n runt t  r t schrctre t cn s t b ry dmtc thr  mr retitn  Mrs sture r  br unsurtd ssrtn tt the rty  the trn wrd s n rntiy he ru  rtrs r s tht ny thuht tht  ntr tn rding t whh thre s r en coud b  g r gnt shrt n y cnscusness  etrn rty r suss s srt  obctiato  n te cted t my end  the subjtwrd retn  sn it ns y rct n tht this rrsntaton r bistt r nt cntt r whter  in s t th nt th rt whs g t cntns r n th drctn whh it s ntnded  nd trby n Srtr's trs ndcts ts Srtr's cuntrc s tht cnscusness rss ts rretiy  trs o t itm n whch t ternts, which re trs  trnsphenn 

RDIN H X

ing an s r rasns gin arir annt  cnci as awing r te ssiiity  aiing t rea its eistemic taget he esete  nsusness eeses tht  se tia rectin. But, t may e se, wht uarant tht i sme tu s tat-nwic-mynsciusnsstrminats ngs t trnal raity? Wat  rams an auinatins ie. states in which t intntna bject  nsusnss s nth in externy e? en  St s ght ut h thngs  m the ersetie  nsiusnss sn't tat ust man tat wen rctin  te srt un in Descartes irst ettn s t sut the deienes  ths esetie we ae stm nt enc runs r sceticism? Wy es Sartre cnsider tat t rsectie  rereectie nsiusnss erres a sees th resuts  eetn?  u renstrutin  Sartrs ntgi r wu mbiize the wng ssnta nts  Frst it s t be recaed that n Sartrs ut nhing nes t be addd t n susness   n rer   t e etemine s engng t xtrna raity in s ar as te istinctin  s an nt s is aready artuate wth the re-retie distinctn  nsusness n jet Sen Stre's ew s s nt err tat cnsiusnss  unreaitis is riati rm an nent n nsiusnss  reaty, and Sartr as an inde nent set  guments  the they  imgntn m wh tis m ws Tir, Sartre exans te ntgca r y returnng t the ee ussen thesis tht the tent ninty  n cts rtua aearances s t mar  its ect ie bng Sartre edses Husses e t the nte' in t sns tat  agrs tat t caturs wat it is ke r cnsciusness t  an bject which ssesses bjct eng t tues te henmen raizatin  tat stt  airs ts re nt gs r tan tat  an stemic critrin a tetia ininity  aaances s nt that-y-ereetwhh we my t hethe  nt u nsusness s rica F St t tink tt w nee a way  ting is areay t a ma a mistae. Wat Sartre resses Husse n s th qustn  what maes 

 ING N NINGNSS

ths stuctu ossibe th nnty  aaans t whch uss aas a  cus nt n as actua subjt ssns but as   whh t ws, by th da st nc tat cnsusnss s cnsttut  th bn  th bjct /7) that  hs bjct bng   sts a a a n my subjctt and ths s t unand w y cnsusnss   tas ts t ) cm ut  th sub jct n d t ) attan  as a resee nt  absnc / t n addtn nats a mtaysca ad hw can nnbn b t undatn  bng?, /28) Th ny thn whch can a ntb th stuctu whby cnscusnss ss t tanscnd ts twads an bjct n ts snc s th -hnna bn  th bjct A sct wh s s a as t dny that h at ast tas hise at th st mt  t sa m hs subjctty has, nt st th aunt,  h has aw ty that h can b cnsus  thns ny as nta mas, and what w ma  ts,  mans that w n n sa w h  ndtn, th cct stca nttatn  whch w a aun abut) Fnay th -ct sct tums t sctcsm bcaus nscusnss s mda an ctn scnday  wthut bjt-dct std nscusnss t cud nt ccu  nd bcaus, han t th st  ct cnsusnss, w a ab t unstand sctca tn as basd n an . t s qut tu hat I can aways cntnu t thn wthut any wanss  stmc cnsstncy, that y ct sctca jud nts ha an authty whc my ct cscusnss as, as Dsats s but ths s just what t ntca  ts us t t  sc t ts us that th cao be anyth at th ct an hch cud cunt s dnc  a a t a a tna bjct S n a sns nc th ntca  has bn and th s nthg  t b sad n y t th sctc wh cntnus t as hw w a nw  su that s nstc  tna cnsusss s dca bu w can attbut u abty t say anythn  t th ssbty  satsyn th sustn  th sctcs qustn, hs dmand that ctn dtmn a att whch, n act, t cud nt b ctns busnss t 

DI  X

dein t s s i th sepc w asn  en t produc a e bct. § Bingin and beinorief [nodion, eion VI]

With bth as nd idasm ca dspatchd St tuns t th pnn  bing dsussd in Sen II h h cas w can nw as cey  he na n abu bing that e can de  this phnn  nd a that the i to te bing  enna  s ntaind n th stan bae psits tt it  s st'  is n ts est  so! ad 3 is wha  s est c qu st' xi34 Th t  thse sang u s nete t dscibe naey n  asst anytc tuths eading ths bn but  at us t th se uny gativ ract  ts a tn t cnpts and judent The cpua in ts appicat  th beng  the hennn sees m s  inte  xess sgn   ndxs b  xpesss th act  n susnss ntati t it  ad Sats pstins a dsg  shw us hat this us   cu  xhausts th unctn  thut with spe t this ben and  ds  becaus it exausts bn: hugh s he at its t but t it s aso that  beg ust as subjctedt m s ssn  th subctiv e  t subjetbjct n s t s it absen   deen psed esns an n an is snse  m its psit ojte p. Th sens  Sats th pstns a t th b  th phnmnn exists withu asn  jusiicatn neth Gd n ua aw n accunt   bcause  s s w cant n sb it as untd n s s-cn it s an absut pnitue sidn cee withut nscusnss the bs cnctu atgs  actit nd assty natn and dieentiatin ssbiit ad ncs sy d nt py t t  s bynd being a nt subjc  tpity x33 4 ts uy ntica ben  xess b as  is   ens that t exsts in an nnt cpessn th n inne dnsit  euis n synthtic unicatin snc its uny disaes and asses nt idety 746 Sate dsignats  bingin-se whe bsn at th n  ity itse s stict sadn 6. 

 BING AND GNSS

Bcaus t s bynd as and daty in the ss tat t cannt be tht as ustiied  csstatd  mad s sb by anythi, bnnts is   a sca, absout ses, t be cntasted wth dnay atie judnts  ctinecy  ntigt te hw,  a  thse eass bnnts s not att') h asn why b-ts s bynd xanatn s Sat easzs nt that u cnt caacities a ths ad nt thewse t as nthi t  wt u oston  atn t t t is nt that we a bied to aprhnd it ad to obsrv it bcas we ae wthut   ] The its as n scet' x/) h tansnea bn  hea s te bini-ts, [ treso xxxx/3) In a scts t stas sd t the tansnna b wc w hae ds cd n csciusss, t wch Sate w s th nae ben-ts,  trouroi  taysica chaact  b-tse s t ns  that  bniits as at w  &N wi exa, bngitse s dnd as bein what t s nt ad nt b what t s' be whch has to be wat it is a  t  qui est x/) Sat indicates hw s accunt  bnts cta dicts d ide cnsds that  atn t B ectats th qustn  th ai  ss, Sinn  this e Sat dnis that t s t ncssay  ssb t ass beyd bnnts twads ts a in xxxix/)  is a dee us t Sats csg dwn  ides qustn  Be g's cnc ti  th atn  Das t Bn ies that Bn n s sse n an bin, ad  asst the acy  th dssbe, aaysab used wh  Das's bi-thwd', ide aats a mit t Das's anat  what t s ad ass  Dasn Bei aways blongs ey t Das, as Das ds t Bn ad th ssbty ais i c, hw et t ay b n actic, that Dasn ca ma ts at h i Be Ths s tahysica ts  a st, ad t s ud t by Sat  bnnitse xhausts ts in Sats t tss and has  sct, tn th wd qua ts b s ucdtn ay ndiet t han cncs 

DIN  

§7 ig   who Itodtion, o VI , xiix 34]

 ntct css th a st  qustns, t ic art achs a th quiy whch s in &N What s th  manin  ths t ts  b F hat asns d ty bth b t bing  a What is th manin  b  s a as t cuds itin ts ths t adca saatd s  bin  as ad as bt a t xa t atins hc  act unit ths ns hc  t a tut cu cat, at th sut can  nd  tis b iii/34  as at ts t n h ss t issu sht at, at t bnn  t cat  thinss 34/38 Wat s t snthtc ati hch  ca binn-t-d, What s a and t d b i d   ati bt  t b ssb /38 s this as ca, t nt that b rs a tib h hc hish ca b xctd t cdat s nti asab sinc  d  act disc a atn bt t t ns  bi  an ab tat  m nttia cnscsss, a  bint  tis ttat ch s maninth-d, 4/38.  cat  th atin  ts t ints, t nc  ats unsta  u bn--t-d  that  Hid, ad th diicut c tis ss  th t that b s a h, s ass at tas  t us ait urgi)  th -ts  th -ts as t abst nt sth tht as t arrv  b--ts th  ssb adnt  t nits 67/69 hs mtas an stctic s ss a int  danta tac t at u dna cct  t d s tat  an abi tt  stct ncass a ss  chas and nts, n  ch s t c t xistnc  hma bs. Sat jcts th tn that u cn t xst is n t i t s hst by n tat t its ca b but  ay antcdt taysica caty t tan that  bn n tasica cat dd  b b-its s auat t cnc t its 

SS BENG ND NTHNGNSS

bein-in-ise cntins n cncta aniciai  bein ris rtr accrdigy idniis binris wi e a   nw ehsi ey, ht   evet sh ht binris is ratd  binginis as evet hood is  substtiity T  n ay, beigr-s s rad t bein-in-ise s  si dreto is reted t n in ter bod  th dircin ds n ce r  bdy and nir acs r ca be ec b , y can be hht wiht i) Sts insisene tht he w nt icay htrgs ys  bing ar ahysicay at n g  ne h eteras  crse hs aias bt i s rcs a disarnt wih eidr  b sr  an sbc is r arr, as i is r Hidggr, ncssar y i-the-d, bt the wd wh t is  e wi se i § ) is ny  rre   s whic h is s s h rsii in carris, r artr n Hidgran cnn   r beoi  ny rns-h nic dr. Sat i etn  te qsin  th sense in whh be criss  w in th ncsin s §46) Th wig ins ar  b nd. Firs,  ac  arr ss  qs in  th w  bein t , nd iis t s h din qsin and rs ra  th discssin in & sws w cs Srrs cncrs a  rdna yscs, and hw & s ntdd s  th  hs nthr y n hh i is an wh ciss  ti aning   tw tyes  bing, arr wants  show ans easc -ice i the iht of b  ena Snd it is srikin ha in rectin eis nd idais s sins, Srr is assering, in a wy a n arier radin syst  ethysis is ed t nn, t the is an irn sns in whic raity ais iey  cr s a whe We w cse w ths aes Sarre h e ern  the qstin  bein s  w in §46 §8 Onooa aons and psmoo

The nin  an nica rin whic w saw artr irdc in ctin  i cnrast wit rains  knwdg ad wc  e n th ca r  Scn V desees ent, s des the re ene snce wds eisgy which Sartr adts in B& sinc this ca s 

AD N  TXT

t ebt  rt mbiguy s t dscusin  he ntg  r s shwn rdy tr s s r edig Srte s rng the n rg rgument  ur   dret ist tery  nwde r  dssuti' wheby the eitnce  y estm rbem s ded ngcl rets r nced by Str s  y  reti me rmte t res  gitn but whch tn ruse d n wh gni sures nsded rm t nt  w f the gnn y enb tg ris re suc tt te cgnns t wh ty e rie  te istem css wc they ciite  t e em t th ter   du  nting me t he sr n  h itm. tis  justiicn d nt h cn  tgc tns  uch tug ngic etins re coted with estmic sttes ssessg t buts  cetnty nd ndubtby. It wud be  mse n,  t tt te nt   ntg rn ju  h   rigd epsmc rein sce th whe pint  ng  t rtn is  p w suh semc r tns re b.) Th rm  t cntn wch surene immedity  ntc ts s urerm, th   rmitie tenti retdess t  bjet' t te cm m   jugmet  n bjet . t s h rm  iin ter n the susne. Str's nin  n ngc n my b under d n e ig  eidegger's tque  Hus edggr bs t usse t the mt bsc rms  tentity nnt e  gnie tr and o t  he r tr  nciuse Sre curs t Heeggr t bic ntty i n-gnite, but  uhd usse identicn  netiy wt cnscusss tus eec ng Hedgg's hes th the bsc m  entiny e rmtic. Srtr cmmnts ctiy n ider's u rein  th dmen  cnciuse  736 d 8/8) rm  ths we  see tht t mbguiy Str' s    estemc bms s  ms  sis ey d  why t sud resst dimbut. he tun  nty in Sre i  s t i i Hedgg,  turing wy rm eisemg ssue s -rmd  oni  

S'S BIN ND

NOINGNSS

   bde pudt  taitia isy is tic ties e  Se's eda, a h uss  abiity  t isica accuts t se este il pbes as a aut  is w y Bu i aii wit csciusess Sate tes  step uthe tha Huss away  taitia pisty t tscde  pespetie  scusess whch Sat uss t ud is y  e se tie dspses, h hs,  th ap wic pistica y attts t se m ths esus th dub-up ust scibd  tica eltis tized by Ste d eisteia ats  wic Sat s  psiti ty but  wic e beliees e is eeded T staty  ii e iay  tlic a tis    cha ia psitis wit  di e  ssui the pacy  w  wi b d pyd at ky uctues i B& i tiu ed t s see §272 ad  th ca  ascdece, hee Ste ies is u  te atu  kwdg t cc i  kwd s  til et w be  ut se §9. Th tica atis wic a  cetl iteest i B&  whih ce th stuctu  t its  is atis   iits ad i duble ith episeca eats  a ngtiv ad itr  ite eai un ation intrn is  eat btw tw bis suc ta   wic is did  te te uies te the at the hat  ts ssc  by absc T ati bes e  bd  essetl bei sie t last e  th bs  wic it dpds is suc a i is twds the te /3 see s 6/29. te that ati tica atis a  sees equiet  u tey my upport eats  gati udgnt   bi by at suc a duci wud esset te imy  wede Itea atis ay ut xibit  dnc te, eeby the acy   t  a tica ai diis witu ay ee  a caus teay  ay pstai  t e by the the te bei  the the a tal ati is a sytic acti cci  te  tes, e e  wc cstitutes ts by dyi tat it is t t 252/30 trna ets, i whh the eat eaes utucd t 

ADNG  

  th trms ratd   th wpapr t b t tbl on w t l  tn o objv mra trth 85/34 T cpt t tamy: as w wl  n §4 radn th ratn  pssssn, tra tca ra on r nt xlvly ngtv 9 Te etyi f tig  One pe 1 , 

T b ontoogy of bng-n-f nd ben-r-tse, whch w a just b cnidri i nt cmt unti Sartr as add t t s mtapsics  ntins Ti s cntand in th ft lf of Ct  of Pt On 3/360) Th rst  Captr  445/6084 and Captr   rt On n w t tapyic  ntin ar dpd int a try  rdm, w w cm bac t  §3 an §37 S nr m ar that nthnss bns t th abric  raity and tat t sbilty  ra tinns i paind b t idtity  cnscins wit ntin ss Satres amnt  th th ca b undrstd as odng n for tg (1) Ngton  n rdbl nd ncary cpnnt ad cnditi  citn but cannt  dued t a fnon o jdmnt ( Natn s ono ogly l t y  tttd nomnooglly fo w dicr ntinn a a cncrt bjct  ric 3) T rat  nthnnss mst b rardd as rn rm cn on ow to ngt  Condon o ot o  ntins  t  H ad Hidr  ad  t cnd that onon has th pwr t nate bcas nscusss i ntinnss nly as a strt t t tr, Sart mas a scat sst rardin t ogn of t fotlf (1 T tarti int  Sartr arnt i tat nati  wch w can ndrstan at th tst n utra trms, as mnng mly  tnng of tng n tm tt nvolv nt  i iprnt in and ncary r r cniti  t wrd Sartr sws ths ita wth rrc t t ccpt  a quston Qonng St on o o ng ton incud t nrac twn  t utnr and t psibiit  a at rpy nc rt tat ca 6

S ING ND NOHINGNSS

be tuht is tntiy ith t subjet   qustin  the nsw t  qustin ythin tinb is cnnctd ic ay t ctu  ssib netins St incuds uthem unde t din  intatie attitudes nt ust nite enquiy but  atia undetakins sinc a deins wit tins  t stuctu  inttins t nytin tt  attt   t mnd th ca by ckin t cabutt  the wd y y it a n 4 Cnsidetin  qustinin ads t uth bstins dnsttin te ubiquity nd iniminabiity  ntin n th st ac t ae aticua ncts wic ae qud  a cmt desitin  t w, su s aiu dstutin and iity wic ae n iduib neti cnnt t i is t ntsued t dest is t caus smtin tbn-n 42 t be ai is t xhibit a bbiity  nn-bein unde ctn icustans 43 n ts ss as in t cntext  questinn s tin t human subjctiity is ind, St aus n in t cse  aiity  umn subjet is quie t te t bjet in its atu stat t  jtd ssib utu stt (  t i cunt  bin-in-its as bynd neatin Tkin a ste uthe St mks ntin  tn scndent cnditin  cnitin eey cnet and t  tut at us ins netin Netin is su sd in the icatin  ny cnct, it in indiiduatin n bct  in editin smtin  it t ude tat X is  is t detin X s dstint m ie no bin t sae s Y t Dtmintin   satia istanc  xme ines t dteminatin  imits nd thus natin (06 7 Ntin is neess te  cnsciusnss   wd  indiidutd dteinaty tid bcts  ntnuy us netins t ist and dtmin istents i t tink them (74 ntin is t cent wi aises t uni ties  cnitin 57 T exss this tnscendnta im in tms  t cnct  tut tut s dientatd m bin intdues nn-bein  i it is uded tat smtin s tu tn it is uded tat the wd is tus and nt the is 540 O in tes  nwd Wt is snt t m is wht is nt me and this nnbein is iid  pro in y ty  nwed 73222 

ADNG H 

) h niesen an neessty  ngatin s th re atey asy t s  t is, in at, at by anyn wh subsibes t th traitina tahysial mua, ois drato st gaio h ha tas  art is t shw tat ngatin amunts t sethng e than a atu  thuht  ugent, n tat the natua, eaut n tin  neatn is  smehng bte n sense, n arateistiay rtnatuasti anne, quats ality ith rytin that  iyin tat ngatin bengs ny t u thng abut thins, nt t tins thmss An ths ay se t b sute squay by the nt, wi at has n, tat ngatin is ntna un huan bn, that s latin t a ssibiity  huan atin  gni tn is ued  ngatin t aa Angy, n th ugnta aunt w wi n ngatin as a uaity  junt' 6/4  th yent  th atry  ngatn in an at  judgnt  thugt  an th nt  nth ingnss wi be unst as my th unty' f al nat juents 6/4 Sate attas tis e n th ist nstan n the uns tat, as th as  qustinng shws, u nnt with neatn xtens beyn t ah  jugnt n wnring wthe  nt ,   nt udg tat  a nant  the tuth  , an yet ths nsiusness s rsuse by y inte gatn W hae, as art uts t, iat mhnsin  nnbng /4, a uiati hnsin' 9/  ngatin, an t s issibe, en in inie,  ths e judat ehensins t be nt ety int ugents n, an nnty, atr insists n the int that negatins a nt gien t us as subtie  th s sibiity  an bt's beang,  its aing bn stye, ar g t e as n th word as an obcti fact an nt a thuht' 9/44 Thid, Sat ass wat n th ugeenta aunt is basi inteigibty t th atey  ngatn, n th susitn that a is enitu  bin an siti ty'  ythng tat aty ntains, nus  ur mntal states, s  a sti aat, w an  n ne  t ngatie   ument' /46? Ths nts ae u, but baby nsuiient t r a ejetn  t ueenta thy, n beha  wih it ay 

SS B D IGNSS

b said tat s n as w tat natn as an a ror caty  innat da, n accunt  hw t ans its intibty s wn, and tat in cass sch as ths  dstuctn and a ty, a distinctin may b dawn btwn th nts tmss, t cnatns  matt whc a ndd inth-wd, an  nat mds f thnn  tm whch a nt Wat aws us t dcd w ctanty aanst t ud mnta ty 9/, Sa caims s th act ta ntinnss assums ocrt ms Th amus, c statn Sat s in suppt f hs nmnca caim tat nthnnss s as a pstina bct f nc is that  my ntn a ca t mt smn w  s nt t b t 90/445  dsc Ps absnc m t ca in a way quit dnt m hat in whch  mt n m a cmpt st  t cas patns  m a pt  P's catn sw that P s nt  N s t n t m n t way that sm m in  in  t ca in its unss  bn, may b in  d nt s s absnc at sm catn  su  catns n t ca in th way tat  may s a man sttn n th cn. is absnc cms t m va th ca as a w wic s and as a synthtc taity nt-cntaninim t s t ca which ca s' and snts th dmandd u  P, w aiss s as nthnnss n t und  th nihatn  th ca what s d t intitn s a cn  nthn nss' whc ss as fuatio  t udmn tha P s n  0/45. Ps absnc m th ca s tus in t  in a way tat distnuishs t fm th ininit numb  my absrac nat ats wic a as tu   ca (t Du  Wntn is nt in t, tc  udmn a ty an accunt  ths abstac natins, but nt f cnc natty  xamp is sucnt t sw tat nnbin ds nt cm  thns by a nati udmnt it is th nat udmnt n t cntay whch s cndi tnd and suppd by nn-bn 46. t s n ca what y t udmnta thy can ma  tis i it is nt t b i a dna  th ntity  th h nmny (an t ins  w d n xpi Pis absn bu my thik m t b absn and smw co n  fus tis tinn wt t xpinc  th ca  a dna 

DING  X

tt hnmnca an ca natin a tw ms  t sm t (nmnic atiity it mht b si s  tin  mr quity  rinc at n cntin nty as ny mtahic, to nu umta ati Bth rsnss ar stind hw nd in any cas w ar nw  a sitin t s t stnts  Satrs wn accunt  natn. ) Pis absnc s an instc  wt Sartr cas a a  nat   natis stt  ais ncr atn an cstitut by natn 5) Na sus xctatns an thr ma ntatis but nc an a transcndn ojec  stna cnscusnss  nt i ncs but wt ctain xncs  o Pirrs bsc is   nt ccnn tis c an bjct act (0/5 T conct  on (e an) n istinct rm n ao (aon) w nts as rrin t t ntca in nd status  tt wic cnsttuts th natiity  na ntiss s a cmnnt  th ra (/0 r t stuc tur  t a (7/4 As t ayss shw na  nt ssuicint unts  u ntinnss unmix wth bin Ps absnc is nt an intuitn  oh (e) (9/  a ntiity s that sm bi ( th ca nd  Pi Th ratin by whch sm bn is cnsttut with natiity Str cas nitn (aao) nd n iw  th r nc  na t sm r t human itat t atua irc ( 6 is tt concoue s th ic  ntiity  s wat s th wr t hat (a, a) w it ds t w rm t act tat nthnnss undr is nati judmnts n t cas  cncrt a tt it s th ntic unatin  a nat umnts, an Sartr s aw tt  s nt ca b mry hou' (/ (s in Pasus s nt ist But nc th mtaysca ra ity  nthnnss s bn acctd t is r rsn t ra ntinss an t w  hiatin s answin Sarts qustin  wat ms th nt rm jumt cnciab W n thrby  un t  usta   snsbiity: natn bcms a si tanscnta cnitin  cnctuity (jumnt an cnct aic tn nd  rct (ntin ris  rm  ntutin nt uni but  mr basic tan ths  sac an tim 

SAES IN ND NHINS

4) Sat tuns net t t accunts  nthnnss wich  cct acc it the at ne it  t jun ta th,  tet it as sthn nnsujeti but wh Sat aus  nntess inadequate  incte an ws cts can n b eiinat b pusn t etahs ics  nthngnss just scie n st uth Hgs oc scbs nthingness as th dactica cn ta  bin tse tw atges in thi u abstactn tn n and th sa tta nteinatn hen p tiness an s  int  tis identit an ptinss  cntent casn in ti stnctn  n anth idn th cat  bcin On Sates intetatn Setin III: 6/472) Hes aunt assts a mm tn eng an ntinness teatin th as tw stct ntpa ntns an as cnta cpnnts  t ea e dak and it wich annt e cnsd  satn and a shw unt in t uctin  istents /47 Sat puts sea jectins t He whh incud ta in issue with Hgs ast cai as Sat unstans t tat bin co  anistatn  essnce 3/49) Sats an an st wu bjctn hw s tat Hes sha uces nthnnss t stin istn ns bn whh the   ha e  tus bit atn th istntin etn bin an nthngnss Nw ut n a, ths is ct wat He s is aintan n  tht the site istntin dsas But Sts pint is that what ths ase  dstinctn su b tn t shw s th intia   utting en an nthnnss n t sa pan 5) seiica  an t s that ti escte undntatins a dfent bstact bin is pt  a demao but nthingness is t of e 5) Thi tue atn is cnsquent ne  asta ntactin nt sta ppsitin ngatn is of wat antendnt  ntinnss s ica susequnt t bin /5) Hes unng ethica   ected in his utin  bn t nistatin  essnc  is t  t ae assatd e t t ocep  bin  ut dent t ha aie t gas th uu  the cncept  bin w  bac h t Sates auents aainst a s n t Intduct escri n §) 

 ADNG H 

n rdr t thn chrnty th dstnctn  bn  nthingnss, t s ncssary, Sat us t cnc th as cncptuy sytrca  nd this rqurs us t say that, has bng  nthnnss s ot  t can ha ny a brrd xstnc' it gts its b  bing /2 Sartrs da s tht,  is prids th cnctua pnt t bing, thn is cannt ao b usd t int t nthnnss  in d t indx ntingnss, w ust py th ao  s' Ths yds a cncptn  raty that ncuds bth wht s and hat s t', but in hich ntnnss dpd n bing and cs but as pr th anysis  irrs absnc thuh bn's ang bn nhiatd Th prbs th Hs accunt  its sytcizatin  bn nd nthingnss, and cncptua rductnis  a add by Hidggr Sctn IV 28 h attachs nthnnss t human aty Dasn, dnd as bng-n-th rd inds its  bng and td th bing /3 but th rd ass ny bcaus Dasn has t structu  tran scndnc  Dasin supsss bing twards ts n utur, and th dstanc hich t thby taks rm bn n d's ccunt, ntducs nthngnss n th r  that by hich t rd cis its utns s th rd ( / h dct that Sat nds ith d's accunt s n thn that pstd by Hgs and ptns t Hid's rdr  xpanatn Bt Sart and dggr a nthingnss a transcndnta, but  Hdgr its pstn is ry sc dry and dat: Dasns s-supssng transcndnc s rignay, nd nthingnss s y mpd by t, suprtd and cndtnd by trscndnc (73,  srt  ntntn crat  tanscndnc 9  dsut ts  it su cs  Str t sh tht th psiti ts which id uss t dscrb Dsns transcndnc hid a th icit ngatins' 8/4 in rdr t surass th wd, Dsin ust riny psit its as o   t nd as ot  t worl (/ St adds th bstn that drs ccunt s nthingnss suunding bing n ry sid nd at th sa ti xpd r bn 8/4 and tht such xtraundan nthingnss 9/ is t accunt  ths tt s  nn-bn whch w ncunt' cncrty  rat than yod th d 9/ Ths mstaks ar n 67

AT' BING AN NTHINGNSS

artrs iansis rad sstmatica Hedee s t see tat s cnctn  te w as iay an quinta aty  enttes aytan rsuss a cuttn nt bng wic is ssb n n t bass  te tses ne tiit (0050 see § n Hedeers iur t cnnct e extamunn  ntgica w t ntamundane  ntic rcurs w wi s in §, n h cnext  e mns Han swn the ttns  Hes an iggrs nn-subjetst acunts  ntinnss artr is in a s itn  raw a urt inrnc at as aued tt eay cntans natns beause nscusness as t wr t neat an cnsciusnss as tis w, at nw cn tns, bcaus t  nothnn th n y hc Noe om to the old mu e  ow Noe (5). Ths nica ntiicatin  wic s bn t cam hat cnsciusnss is t hl  natt, w s matbe wt nnness ben eey  etua snc in us ( 47  s n t ain w Dasin can mrt ntn nss int rai, as Hie caims  des ates ument , whc ees by enatn  anatis s gin in ta at 58-.) Fnay, etunn t t usn  w bininits n bingrs ar rat 7, at mas a sues tin rardn th nss  bn-s w n mt niay ca Ss e-ctn yt  rss tat bin ts is ete tat ha undon a nhlaton ny bin whch has tse ben naed S us cu its e te wr t niiat uan bin is, Sart te imis a an, nat m  bein-n-tse   s s i t a ne been  tin but a unn a kin  mta ysica structn s tat it nw xsts n e et n t rm  cnscusness s  n  st r shaw, rbb  ben Ts tn is n mnt  t snthtc atn btwn t tw rins  bn-asawe ben-tse s ti t bnn-ts by tue  an bn crat ut  it t an unen natin aactisticay atr ncuras th tut tat te anniiatin  bn-ntse as tken a r rasns wic ar smhw a  teca  it is as i a wrn as bn 

EDN T X

ommtte wt by  (th al f Man naatv  or t  (te to f Pomt Sat o nt  ti  eton hwevr an t s t clar tat  ba toloy ce an accnt of w  wat ffcte t annlatn f  bn Sat anthogntc gton nenn te ri f t ftelf conently t a ncrtan tat n BN. O t on ha, it ma em tat t sh b ra a a mee a , a metayal cton ne nl t fct a flt aty f man peienc an at t ary ont n t tt, t may aa t b no mr tan tat Late wev n Pat Two w wil ee tat te acnt of  ann aton t f t n-tef  e by Sartre's accont f lfcnon (9 ;  §4 f lack a a stct f te f-tlf (f29ff;  §, an of t metayc f man tvatn w atre bil n ths ba (e §38 t  alo ploy n an ntily non-ctna wa a a ict mta yal lanatn of ne f te trcte f t f-itself  factct' (84  § W w etn to th  of ow c wt the annlatn ty ba an ak wthe Sarte i gt t aw  aim to vt a ft ca tin on the in of th f-itf n the nal ctn (§48 § 0 Cnscoun as non nss

An obi nta pblem aar t b cate by Satr ty f notnne Notnne Satr say  nt, e a no bn, an f mting a n ben tn t  not eit Th if concne s nthinn, thn it as no bn, an d not xt n t ely atr am tat t  ncne Sart may av affnt wth elimnate matiam bt e can ardy w t eny tat cnc ne t' e a tt Unbt, Sat want t aow a hadow of aao t ang ve i clam that concnes  nthinne  t ev a a contna emn f  otolical carty  bt the sn f  otn can b e wtot paao f e ca hs commtment to t ctn that etnc a mltl , an eonz that i concptn f nthn   tat of a mode of bn, an tat the fncton f s not  an to notnne  t e t m nc te concet of nothnn a Sat nrtan t e nt 69

A BEI ND NHNNES

ac t gna sca n fm a fm f g mnt h ientfcatn f conscosn wt ntinne is n vant t te caim ta cnnss s not it a t ttat of estns ins bot tns tat eit n te mode o e est) an ting tat st in th mod of ohe (it) Sat's ncatn f t atica mo of bn osess b nscisns with ntngness ths av cntaction. t as ao a owf an nib mtvatn innnt fm an m ect tan t gnetc nfne gang h oin f noingnss scb n 9 Conscosn Sate as caim in t ntoction  nnt ngia n t obct n a atca intentiona an fiv) mann Now  nct of ncinss  in s fa as its sne  nomenoca an f ason gvn a Sat conss tat th ncpt of ncnss i one wih ca have ol a enomenoca sne  mst m tat epnence A nomnogcay foma cncpt of ncness mst acn eite t ain tsf t o  it bct it mia otenes-tan' an iinctin-fm it bct. Nw te bcts of nciness av t tat of bin-nsf an t we now  on one m f bin not bng a ch an n nea wc  wh it oes no flow fom te fact tat cnciness  th tan bin-ntsf' that it  oth an bng as ch an s nn ent. wve ts itinction btwn bn-in-itf an oth m f bng can be fmate ny ate in te a ny t iia efct ae we ab to sa that th bing of t bcts f cnscisness is m oe m of beng n te tansnentay imtive scna by cntast t oly cnctin f bin avaabe  t ncinss a it ffeentates tf fom t bct   tat f its obect nce the waant f Sate's einain f cnsciosns as notingness moay ncness mst eeen tf in eate lao to that whc emife f cnscisn what it s to  an  mt enc sf as e oh e An bcas of t bcvitynoing cntants tat Sa las on isial tg ti nceptn canno b ovetakn B& wi mv n to ncove a any f e tctes n eatin to whc bae bet-consnes w 70

ADN  X

a ar eatvl srcal, bt wth the ates conceton of consosness as nothnns s eaborat, not rvo The onal eenc that concosn has of tl as nothn nes wll b mloye to as th o ntcate trctrs o or sbjctvty, an these wll b a to b ntlbl ony as oms o, o was of bn, nothnness h lne of thoht st setch bcoms elct n th atr chat on transcnnc (see §§2, whe con scos s entrete n lht of the stctes of the o-tslf (see ecaly 3 4/2223 an 83/2293 W can, of co, thn of objets of nowl, Sart nots, a ot e coscosnes,  aly natvty to t object rathe than to conscosns, bt ths jmn ol only be pma f th ortl we a sbtanc ala flly o th oa naton s that by whh th o-tsl onsttts tse a t  th thn (4/22 The fort slf  nvalzn tlf  en conrtl that t s a patcula bn (180/2, namly th bn, th one that thr s now consosness of Th necal eatr, the ths ns o th objet, s the work o the ortel; conscosnss s a n o at of ostenson, bt wth th fthr enc om an ornay act of, sa, ontng to a thn, that t s fee an ate  onscosnss sas, a t wee, of t that t  o ths thn t s clea that Sats conet of nothnnss s not the sam  that of ornay thoht, whatve that may b eatly t s a scfcally ploopca conet whh s on to rce tnve vloment n B on at th n of whch wll ts ll sns be avalabe (W wll see also, n §4, how Sartres theor o th slf ermts a efnmnt of th metahscs of nothnnss ths s rsent at 89 f th hloso hy of B wr to be rconstt n th for of a sste bas on a snle rnce, that rnl wo b the n tcaton o man ben wth nothnness Th an an ntellbty of Sates snaton of the mo of bn of oncosns an th fortself a nothnnss onsently ol not be, an os not n to be ce fntvely at ths arl ont, an etanl cannot b valat ntl t has ben sen how neatvt nton n all of th contts whh BN s on to loe or amle, an n atcla, w 7

A' BEIN ND NTHINSS

wl  n §4 that Sat is ab ao to  consciosnss a a basis  his ientifcaton of t fits with nothin nss  som atnatv ontooca ntin o b t in pac of nothnnss, apabe of payn t sam comp niv st  anaytica an nfyn os, tn itte wo b ost fo Satr Bt t  ha to se what that noton co b; an to that tnt, Sates metaphyic of nothnnss has on motivatin .  Th andad iisms of a' onoog  ma aie, itiim of Sartr tn t lw we stabish in Ran th ontly, Wah t n 949 that Sartr is l b Hsse! int a kn of alm whch ma not b mlety cononant wth t mnts' whih Sate v fom .   Th bem is ths Wc  pma, th nits  the f-it T  on of th mot ict  al poblm to ov n t phoo h o Sate Whn  ay that t n-its is ima h laf mf a a alist whn he emphasi t fort, h cassis himse as an ialt    namch as thse tw foms f bn ar abot ops to eah ot n al tr caracttics, on is tmpte to tak if t  prop to cal both o them Bein f ontoloy  t cnc f a ni bein, an th b any ontoo n this onto lia tory n t cn plac, n may estion  tr actaly s somthn in eaity wc can b t ntsl as n by Satr [   No obt, Sats afimation of th n tsl sns to an epstmoocal concrn on hs pat an answr t n to affm a aity iepeent of toht; bt has on th iht to pa from t aton t th notin that th raty  wat t , an is ny so  is in act omtn masv an stable? T ntconnct comants a, thefoe that (a atr mtapycs nvlvs a nfsion f ream an asm (b th shanss of Sat alm rac t pint o in herene an (c artr cncptn  bein-intself ack port 2

DNG  X

Wh os t th foowg way t of ts ficts Phap th lty oSats phiosphy s n oft ntn s chtit n nt t b sps  sa o tcto an th mposity of stfication a c nt mo in th phsophy f t Hi philosophy s on of th incntion o pblmatm n of th migty  cntmpay thoht (o a s sm t th ctm poay mn t b mbigos) Ts i not t sy that n fot by at t dipl amb gity i t invsb o impobb  .  Th my t  a at w w g bn ambgit. Wahl g it as pat  what n stntialsm that it pt fm cassic phosphy by vit  a commtmnt of lty t pal iv pnc Sat  not howv,  p  k t g byn th mbigt llg by Wah n as nth of ats ontmpoy ctc nt, th pc f vaating Sats tght n t mly sbct wy po p by Wh is that t wl thby s t mtaphyscal ang' A mtpscs wthot mtaphysal bin, o  posphy witt tcation wl b  pca ctn an t s o asn  thinking tt t wo b nt st n ny ch thing; o t s no tnatv t attmptng to s th St's ontolgy cn b sv fm th cha of incn An, as  hv  y n § St s by n man blvios to th iss W as 1  Ream idelim ad he eibly diffeeied wold of obec

t s cl onthlss why t my b tght to b n tb as a hi ltions t am an asm Th flow ng p ifflty psnt tsl. St has m that t bng f th pnomnn s bgtslf. Bng-ntlf has bn s  nith actv no pasv byon ngation', yn bcomng', nt bjct to tmpolty', g to t (massif)', hibtng niffntiatn (ll/) Th sl pcls th ntifctn o bg-ntsl wth mp cl aty, t manf  phnm whch cmpss th 

S'S BN N NINGNSS

ffretat wrl o bct Wr the oes t  of bct me from? Th ony pibe aer sem t b rm t sbct artre's affrmaton o benin-tslf seem t t im t realm that  nees n oer to be ab to e tat s ont oy s aistc bt nw t ems tat he s foe to batrack by offern a trohy aist accont f mpircal rat  some wa the rtef mt intrce' nto bein-ntse a ntliib fferetiat worl  bcts Nw t is t immeatey ats tanly it tr frs ith arte's claim t ae n tt eond raism an aim bt Sartr may stl am to a re te trth ntane n ah a to ha fomlat a comato  ralim wt ieam escan' t one-sness of ac an ttn beon t antinm whc ty ntly frm n ait t ma m tat ths s at what Sarte as n m as we aw i §9 he afrm that ntnss s rie een for te formatn a appiaton o t cocpt o a spatia n sstin tat e enaes empircal realt a prsn an a po ntribtn o sbctit a imlar ie s taken ra posblity (§) an temporat (§22) ther sprtn tis conta of Satr a a  o ialt s t bsratin tat wn Satr tas f an asm an of ts cohrenc what h as  mn s a osit whi constr bects as estn penently  conisns st a e ae conscou of tem a e a o cti of them a  to ther sn me caualty wi s a enta to ther ntrinsc nate (s 19 2/ a te fnti f ralsm at 88/) T corespons t t ps itin wic Kant escrbs as tratn obets of eperne a thins n themsles' an cas transeenta ralsm' So it may eem reanabl t ntret Sartre as rt tran snetal easm  as wll as f corse t merel mprcal aism f Be  a as amin a mbnat of an cendetal aism wt empcal realsm al on the famiiar pattrn o ant Oe aital mot for attrbtin t ston t Sartre  tat f allwn im t a it r brr fm Kant as nee n f we rant Sartr te ontlcal reatons state isss in § answers are stl owe araby t 7

ADI N  EX

ctan trtna stmloa stons wc Str as net As w b sn n §, Sat ffs only a (cm partvely tn accnt of t (casl, satl, t fom of prenc A tansnntl dast nttaton of Srtr wod rmov tes oblms, f tat s wat ty ar, at a strk, by nsrtn t t lve of -fltve cnscsnss a fntn f tanscnnta fom-vng n bctcnsttton (wos raton wol, t t sam tm, av a ncssay cnneton wt t nvaton of t ftself T antan ntttn of Sart fs, owvr, t f fctes tt Str ns tat s stn cnts as lsm, makes ct antalst statments  sbctvty s pow less to consttte t obetv (v/29; t ftsef adds tn to bng (29/2  an offs gmnts anst t ntn sbct of knwl Argably Sartrs rton of t labl cn b s,  a dstntn betwn dffen snss f constttn (tanscnntal s mcl n b ald n nttn s ectn f ealsm, w t tr ffclty cn be mt wt t bsvaton tat Sarts nt-antan mnts a n ny as of obtf forc Sts nca asons fo ctn ants metayscs of t sbect  tt t nvlvs a trnsnnta g an tat t morts ctos an laws  transcnnta concts n nes sfyng t form (e csl f obets f rence  nto cnscosnss, cntctn nscsnss ncessy emtnss (/2 n 4 Bt t s fety arab tt t Kntn trn scnnta sbct s nt an ntty bt  m fntn,  lon wy ff t rsnal  Sat ttacks n T Tasdec f t o, and tt th stct wc Knt vs t con scsnss s no ffent n kn fm Strs wn a po mmat strts f t ftslf scss blow n at (B, wc  n ft complmnts Ts cortns to tes slf-nstann ar, lsbly,  small  to ay fr lsn s mtayscs fom t contatn wc trws ttns  l rblm owevr, s tat t art mbn aton of asm an lsm fmt by Sart os not lok stble  t t vry last t aas vey zzln ate wantd catray, t sem t ntfy t jc 75

 BIN ND NTHNNSS

of onsns wt ben-n-itelf (s §, an to aset  onsons f bnn-tlf as niffntiat (se § f s, t  a to ntan w bnntslf an te ff ntat wo of objts om tote f we ae onss f bingin-tslf a wtt fom, tn tey annt com oete as ontent an fm (te cannot b conscons f fomed ntent f a penomnn as nfme  fms N an te b eate a nomna gn an pnmnal appa ane Sate ens tat ben-in-itelf s nomnal (vii/9, as e mst, f  toy tat t basic metaphsial atego ae nappabl to bn-n-telf man tat ts bn cannt b intctal An f bing-nitsf  intpet as a oud of t wol of bjet, istnct fom t, ten t s an ps temogal pobm w can we o a Sat nssts tat w o, tat t on as all f t native aactstis Sat asbs to it (pati posbts epat by at   that what  alls bingntslf is mntal in a at, paps a vin Mn  wl ten opn p t sm tat at' pict  ne on wic a pinot  amnian On lk, somw tll vsible an sowing t fom ben a tn pantasmagoia f pnmena objts pot nt t vn if t  n imeat lgal inonistn in t pt, st t sm bae cent. Som ctic av st that ts  w Sat's meta pys teminate, bt if we eta o sts, an atnativ can b bgt nt view T psent pobm as aen ba at t otst we focsse n th ntat btwen ben-n-tef an t ffe entat objtwo an tat tis stntion a f t w of tw (st  ojes ne opa an fmss, te ot intel by fome, ain  t as w it  tat we ve pin t atte n pa f th fm Bt plasibly tis is a m tak e ba ontoy of B&N,  gst n apt   contan n pottyp in t t oot passa fm Nausea an wat t pasae gsts is tat t tnton sld b nsto  h f sace as a matte o tw modes of appeheso f on an t sam (tmnaty iffntiat ting Sat s not ontast a concptaliz, etmnat popti bjet, wt a aw ppety-ls sbstat  bae matte t te oot ua nasatn an ntingnt etain 

RDI N H 

t may an even t eay alt. Wat mak t ffne btwn an nay eetn  the t t an t hha cetn a naatn  th bt cn tat btwn t havn an lakn ly t an bn-n-tf  t ahn m bt  nt atat n any way n hman eaty, a havn n mann  nf canc f cncn a nt nn   bn f . A th t wth at tatment that ben--tf  neenta'  what th may b takn t mean s that, t a t a thn ua bn-n-tf watv nt tn the ma b n t thn  oh o u the thn m u a ell be pete n an t way  nt be te t a  th  cct thn th btt m  tann th cntat   b wtc n at-eetn,  btt betwn tat n whh w a nab t cnz an aset  t  n th ck face  the ea-leav  an tat n whh w can  . e cannt st hee hwvr nc ben-n-tf an ntb bcteentatn ae f at nt u b te m f  ahnn bt a m f t oe f nsne tf. What  t the that w ar an whn w ahen m bct n the aect o t be-n-tf? Ben-n-te may be nt a the md  wa f bn wc chaactzes th ffntat bet-wl, wh the cnct f th me f bn  nt mly esnat t ba ncta chaactts  th bct wl bt e t t oud  the haacttc ate' ht  that a et  n t enate that n ntl y wc maes  ole  bn t am temnate fms,  e  the me mnt f ema eaty  t a  wt th n s n th dk  t b t t e ntly be-n-tf  t n  th t f cate (n the dek'  eatn t bct (the e' th bct a bnntf  te ben-n-tlf of th bjet  s what lw bct t  an ehbt th tctr wh  nd t  mnt tat    t s the mnn n thn wch mae sb th mtahya nmt t sbctcat ement A f th  what th cncet 

A BING ND NHINGNSS

of bngtslf sss, then t s easy t s wh Sat shl  that bngtslf s stutu  ffeentate o has a nstttn whatv ontologal goun maks t ossbl o ee o e deenay annt b nv as tslf shang th stt, ffntat haate f the bjet-w n an  bng assmlat to t (ths ung an ontoloal un f ts wn an gnatng a gss So whn at says that the estent', a ntnt f th ff ntat obtwo, s stngsh fom the beng' whh s ts fnatn' (v/3 t sns of fonaton hee s not that of a stnt gn: the a s nsta that th bjt's havng bngntslf as ts mo of beng gns tansenentally ts tmnat ffntaton (Th ln of thoght ust sb olases nt  fntat t mnat bng s takn as absoltly ven an nt ng hspha anaton an w mht b ntte t p  n ths wy,  we new n u nv f o oe mo of bng; but ats post s tat w an an do knw anth m f bng vz th nonsef-enta nn tmnate m  bng f th fotslf Ts nttaton of beng-n-ts shws that ou ognal stn nnng th so of the ntegby ffnt ate l f bjts was msonv bnntsef s nt som (fomlss thng' that  st aat fom th f fntat obtwol, so we sh nt thn f th wo f bjets as mng o t Ou ognal estn s as t may be e, s mat n so fa as at has nt t mant to lan ts eatn t beg-n-tsf What has mse s s th fat that at, n gttn us t fs n bngntsl, has take abt aaans n t lua (as he ha t  sn on hs aont thee s n neennt ot of ass t beng-n-ts What h as bn tyn t gas abot hnomna so fa, hee s ony th mn sn  bgntsf Th ntoton has been eant t v s nly a nstanng f th fnamnta oostn of onsousnss an beng--ts th ac onooy of N a ue st of ontooa stts  th mmat stts  th ftslf  wl b a to nssness n at To of the  Th fntat obtwol blongs at th sam v as thse sttes; tgth th oms 7

DIG  TXT

what ma be al t ful ooo  & T f nto ogia it wi aing  ie ti Consiusness

Being-in-self

 BASI OLOGY

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trues f the oise

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 . 

nteigby deetaed wor o objects

 FULL OOY

h  int, in atin to  snt etin i that te if fentiat bjt-w i ceat o wit ninss, bt wit the immiat st of th f-itf. s Sate t it a w tat i, t se f a oits' (20/5 knwg is the wod (11230; th wo is a oat  te foitsf (83/23 wiht fnss, wihot t esn, th is n wol (104/49; t f-itsef, b nin that it is bin, mak thee b a w' (30/3. S it is a mita t ais th estin of t inteigib ieniat objet-wl at t ev of cnsisn. The ntingnss  ncionss nd to b te th th ttes f t fitsef in  f bjct t meg t w fa has ti takn s, a gas Sat atin to eaim and ialim? he immiate blm wih m t ca fo iaist stion ma hav b diso   if bin-init is nt om h f which it is t tat it a o sucu o popee then th is n tsk of aining w it ms t av o t sem to hae stct and oties t the i anthe w f sing th oigina ti wic i eal eiv in ting th ieait intetation f Sat. When w wit asct an ecv te diffntiate 79

SAR' EG D HIESS

bjc-o ht is hs  o Sat cot i the is se h i is  t th o's bi-hs iy o s  sic titi soss hss  bcs as  i csi i  mm St icds  h bjc- qaities hich  ied  h octs  a iii -is  so it sms oc i  h obct  mst be  to h sbjc As th im cas th s a symmty b th t s o h   oy hs h  t o h ut s t o bi-i-s h  ty o th ot  h abo ai o bii-its o h iia obct-  s xted  h ictio  h sbc th itby i ia objct- as to b citio tasctay p h oits Th  scd iaist itio o Sat s tb b bo coc ih it o  i o his iict bt   sa sets  asos  cca ss is i  Ste ats o combie  h cim that pa ism th obm o h coctio  csciosss h xistts i o it is sb' x/6 i so  as a sce b co t c o coscisss 17/29 ih 2 h cim h pa iism sbjciity is ss to csi th objec xxxiii/29 a cosciosss c t csc th tasc by bjcisi ms boo m s sbctiity 219  ai I h  Ste eiss (3 a olaton o h itb i eti obcto h h mea scts o h hm sbjct  th tia scta ias it io this co sho b dsoo s  ea o cotuton  hich is Sa o i   o qiy  B bo  st o his itaio  sh mak qit s ht he ay is o oth ti  i oy bcas Sts s o si  t as ssts s soy tht h t y at csis th th cio can b soo aisticy Th oi ossbiis ss thmss hat h  atio  h obcto h hma sbjcty i is   th stces  sbctiity bt is sc by soe mas h ha  ti  bjccostittio i is  istac 0

DING  X

of -stabsh hamy of som s o oh o (ii) os t  o b a as  to ah bas t os o sta i  of aao h st ssby s  h of iaism b i wo b saab if  h abs of obt-ostv avity Sat s  sy mo fm   ss  th b o b o   t is ohss a osiv ao of h ma  whih th sb t is who ostt, s obs Smay h so ossby s amat s f a hmy hs b stabish smhi ms hav sabish it Now w w s at that h s a f ssto f a obat f h s tw ossbs  Ss o o my sposibiiy fo h (y) wo (s 5) What hs y b it as am s tha  oao s sab ish ot by Go bt by my fom h ao th bw fosf a b-wo s stabsh  a wy oos t ha i whh h aho of a fiioa wo is oh  wth h fcto bw haas a s o lot h haoy s sabsh ot ithin h (fa) w  as asm a ism misay sos  b fom a  oi oude t  by my a sbtvty (  oa ho  s as Sat als t) B h s aso  so ssio i a of h hi ssbity f h expaadum of alsm a aism a b  th s a hs mtaphysa ss a Sats abio f si h o  osiio of ism a a sm wo h b oy ff Whth Sat a t away wth ths s a t mt t a sby ai o hv ao  ms ha sos th asm o iasm fo ay hs tha hs ss a atoay ivo o ai h istmooa as of h o io  th ossbty of o acss to bs of th b i mmato wth s  s pa oity by h f hat s is a s of ososss a ta phoma a otay mtv s of al s a ossbts f aaa h ssbty  th b ay sch h as  iiby iffia wo of obs s ai oty b bisf whh aks t iat b ossb a by h sts f h f-sf 

RR ING N NTHINGNSS

ncln ts pe f neatn, wch aws ffntat ben  n tn wc, aaby, emans naccnte fo by at  t Kantan expaadum ct a t fact that  ct-w has a paua onepual chaace, tat f (n patcla) necesay casa e eaps Sat can ny t ncty  nc caal o n t loba cntnncy f th bn f t fo-t O pap  can aan, appea t the na chc f sf as t panatn T a ttal ncaton of bot atttes Wat e tnk f t  pcaly wt w tnk t w to aow Sat espnsbty f te l' ctn t assm sc a ag mtapycal bn   c fo wete  nt we cn  tat n th y last ot at ao bn fc back nt Kantan tanscenenta asm W a alt wt t man sce f te ealsm/asm confon wc Wal cam can b tcte n ate, t th s ant aspct wch n t b a, an wc as a mpe otion Wah aske as Whch  may t ntf o t fotl, an  alee tat Sate ncnsst nty cams t pmacy f bot t s te te that Sate s n t cton bt t  nt cla tat te  any contactn ee Sates w s that t fo-tsf as mehodoga pmacy  t cogo mst be  pnt f epate' (4/1 1)  w t ntlf a ooogcal pmacy (9/3) gt te ntctn t onceps f bnntf an bngftlf a fmlate wt efeence t ne anth an a manag ntpnnty o actc aly  nete as pmacy, f n  t pan t mo f bn, w mt contat t wt t ot  bt tee s n t as t te ntca pnnc f t fotf n t ntlf f t  ak  n patcla, a eean ht pt ths bctn  hw, n t symmty btwn t cncpt of benntsef an benf-tsef, e can pps an ntologca ymmty, an wy w o not mpy cay e the alectc f cn cpt nt t ontology t wc ty f, ten te answe s en aeay by Sat n hs ntgcal poof t ppct f pe-eflecte cnscsness  whch s no a pspct fm wtn any coce  man t asymmety Th s n m twst to t  f Sat aton to al sm an easm, hc eas hw nttngly tang an 82

N H X

ncmmonnsl  sn . n mng t bct of cnosnss ar ngs an  le f thng (th chm heflns, c whch w av sen  nvke n  t ccont f mtn T   anscnnt, n s rsmby blng  th ffrn bcw, y bvsly gocn f   ot sh m ctatn f fnn Pr n h cf, hn y  nt nt s bnc om t n  wy a   Smlal  w n t, n at wo, hat  at S n hs accon f bjv hs ca elt c n  accnt f th wr s ontanng cla k t b rfome ( §§0  Ts s th stn   e fnta obc wo, wch s nbev cmmon ? O  ac f-lf hv  wn bjct-w On bvo sggon l b  tn bwn ffn lvs f at n th objct-  a vl f nsbctv fl bv n  n an, msn h ol,  a vnng objcv  f gcn   n th ot, mng  w  b   n a snctn noc by rt mf, n n  ght f s o m w n nstn wh h s not  so Sa v  at, n  cas f  rm gad  nn t-bcg the  no on of fnt csat bwn h b ng ta ly n ny sologc a f  sbjct eraby caactc f obcs annt n  acnt cs conscsn t r, n a  ct th a f  mchnsm f jctn rb s wo cas a pan of bjcts ( 5/9 Nvlss,   f c t fr a  n om ns e al of nng-tb-ht s  o m mcn je, n n  nerton gg bv, Ss cm  th my ona c f sf  wh -sabshs  hmon bwn m btv ct n  tnscnn at f  bjct ( at wch, fm h nmnn n of v mst a magca s St n crbs  f ths  wh Sart nk, thn t  c w Sr sho av n nt n gan the at of tms n h obc  aorng o r nbctv accsblt, n why  wo b accab t  th tr s no t nt of 

ARR   

bctworl ass rnt bjc Th wrry of olsism has yt to b al wh (s § bt  i nt aravat by aes esn  t commn sns cnvcton ha w shar a wrl by vrte f all bng contain wthn n an th sam emcal matr ine Sartr rjct his eastnatralt accont  alt an th n f worlhan is n any ca (art will a ncaabl f in a nt n lissm (s § t  al  b maz tha e nterbctv vai an  bjctwol allw by artr ntails nthn watvr rgain thr mtal ntlliibilty  my objt-w is nt pivate an t that tnt n t  ot st my worl § Th maposoph of &

nseraton of h blm of ralm an alm las rectly t anotr tint bt cnnct e whch bot crat lty an aan os t th hart of aes  jet Ths concns the mbnaton of sann from whh ates hlooy aeas t b ma ot On h ne han t  clar hat Satr rgar he hs cal otlook whih h atclat in B&N as ncomai an makn tranarnt alty n t ntrty t s t tat arte rgas sm mattr a nal sr brt lmae fact to b act wht rthr lanaton r ntanc at the vy hest lvl h sen an natr of the n-tslf an he avent  th rtl hes h call contnecs t th ltmacy of hese mattr  ot e f Sartr to any falr or  rrnatinal stmc lanay conceal li it  thr ablti t kee ac with the jct bjct  or knowe Sartr acknwes n lmt t hman  hlshcal cntn whn w rah a trmn n o attmt t as mattr hilshally t  n beas w hav rn ot of itemc-cmcognitve esrc bt base that is whr t n of hins ls n ralty  is  trfor that th in-ts ha a concale cnsttton whih G or ra om ft hcal cne l ras b whh we a nabl to make t as w aw accon t artr thr s othg moe to t n-iself than  r in his th t . Th sam s or concsness an th comin--b f h rtlf  at all  h lmn n t ba aylht  conconess 7/680 

DNG E X

Te are morevr ee ron wy t i of aamn mtane for Sartre tat  aim f BN o b na  one tn Sarte te f boe fre om n to b ab t wtan etc obt an n nn ta  ioy ffe ny a i view f r iatn w fa t  o  biy ta t fe om wc  caim f   abn fom eat an e omo a grea ytemat man in Me gne atr nee te oningnc wi  erb to be nt et  mtia mate n r t b abe o caim fo tem te rcia niane of xon t etaya onene of te an aon te ny ecte ce f  ince of cn an an noe arcaion f wi atr ar a nta f or mpon f f nbity Anytn  an tayca tmay w oen t oor to eatv obit  w ate a ci wt teooy n wit He an wan o x a a cot  to te ffc at r  ar a a raona ct n raiy at rg wc ancen te bn of te fotef an ic ay b egare a oning an atnzn man tn teb eving  f t tak of eftemnaton t te mo fnanta v. T  eno o xan wy a w aw n  St o aim to at man  n atn t bn a a woe n yt it  o te a at a ver at ea of wat Sa ay abt t vro nmna at e  i toy persetv  Satr ffr aon of w ting aa an ie tmve to be conev w are maty cntna n o graing tem frm c an an nge Mc of Sar  ab  re twar takn  n  cect ang f  ca vn an f nn in  a n awane f te perspectvl charcer of enoena Poca feton itf for Satr o not rin t pact tanint n favor f a cnmav tane T retoration an ifcaion f btvty ma b a to mre a not ear ar veon f  pnnca e tion T petve n tion  t btve, fr rn tca rpectve w on Sart vw ontitt t fnaion f t man tanont (B wy f itron 

 G AD THIGESS

conir Sart's tatmt that tr is no tio r of a from wi co b ntrmi an wi wl p-t its oi W al v ar slv pt a a hc n t makn' (4/8  whc i natral ra a mang tat w ift rom attmptn to coniv fr om a an aprspctval mtaphsica fat, t a rpctival aprcation of frm Nmrs ams of ths kin of armntation in B&N col b ivn, an i a lat ntrviw Sartr sa tat n B&N  wh to n consiosnss a it rts tslf t , for , for m  t s acoril natral to tnk that Sartrs cam abot t obts of or know ar tritl laim abot bct as reave o r nsttt b, r conitiv-racta prspctv Sartr  of t lana of parao ( §2 ao gsts, i a ffrnt wa, that h caims shl b itrpt a pi tmiall mot i o ar a Sartr s nrtoo mrl a sai that sh an h nves a taictor siton , th arao v to raw attnton to t xtnc of a tn sin n ow we hk abot tis, th ral natr f th tn is alo to b nonotactor, a th robmatc chara tr of Sartr's ontrait asrtions is scar Thr i thfr a pzz, n o far as Sartr apas to off at on an t sam tim a v from nowher r abot onption of rait, an a vew from mehere r r tval otn T t tapoints ar not istibt ar ifft sts of pomna or rativi to iffnt tops of iio t  not that Sartr ts a fg ralit laim onl wit sct to om thn, a a afi, istmial mst, mrl prstiva am wit rpt t oth thin; caratstcaly bth stanoits a combi witi th brath of a sinl aragraph r vn tnc n hstorica trm, th two tanpnts ar ai wth it if frt hlooia traton T prspctiva viw st an aopton f Kants tat of a opnan rvotn n philosopia mtho, a oton of t task of iosoph as an lciatio of t ma pont of viw from an t hman oint of vi, nrig a Go  otons n an vo whl t absot viw ust th mtaphsca ambition f arl mor ratnait iosph or of l Whc tn, prsnt artr's t mtaisha viw 

DN H 

 at n t s f ant n kinp wit t fom f tan cenntal ialim n n ost-antan le icte an H! o tat o Sina?  s i metaopy tat f tanscnental ealim  o sm kn f ealim?  answ  est i that at a te tw stan nts as ally neeay an nt as eug ne anote bt as in te fina anaysi cidig  at wies t caim ily tat t i by (an nly by) takn  an intnsify in t etiva stanpint tat we can cm t ap aspectiva eaty T sbtite of BN  n say in pe nomenoal ntloy'   b a nt as fnn a t innoc amm of my cbin w w sl pse tn t be in te lt f w ty apa  s bt as sin Sat's mtalopical cnvctn tat n an nly wn t ons f tng a lai ba in tei fl pctival caacte can  knw tns a tey a in tmslvs a tey wol b f apen m nw' s en at stat tat s ntentn in BN s t fne consiosn as it sent tslf t s f yo  m' t i alo t ne t   is. T intptatn make mm t ns o Sat's iaval of te tational labls  it ialim  asm' an of his cam t a sslv ti vy optn t ac ao wt t ay n ic  n te ntctn mak bstantal mtapycal clams on n ot bais tan tat of  tns a icty impl to b by t nate f  conscnss t i anote stn wet ti stion as ate m self k t t  in any t m tat it mt cncvably take i ct an fnsbl bt at last ome of ats eaons f cnn t t b s av m alay in te ntctn  w ave en ow at tink that te cn cpt of pnmnon wc psent a cnctal mtiv ive a mtn oint f pectvalty an apeti alty an me gnally w t baic ntoly sent in t ntoctin wic sit n bot te abslt act  bein-ntl an t spctval caat  onscinss ilie t necty f acetn in m fasn te alty of both asctvality an sctality  s in aitin te nt tat Sat ns in t bn f conscsne nt ely a metin int bt a kn f iy,  spectivaity 8

TS ING AN HINGNSS

an arpetay Togh t s i r a nn of e pnt ar ngh t pan o t a mtaopa v  eptvay an apspvaiy an b tog  n i hey t at provi a   hy Sares thnng o a ha iren Lar (in §4) w i rn  th u n f whr Sare has  in hamonzng e tw an nt rom e pn  av rahe hr ar o ton a Sat mig ake n ong e nt sag of i argmn n &N On i o w  h mays of noingnes an b eep iry in a thr f fem T or s t amn he struturs f the frt i nify  frm tan by noingns n man bvy an  o o hs fm an or ntoga ngaity mak one anth ngibe Th o ak an b r inepn ny f n ano p t a pon b vntay ty  n bfor arrivng a  ame  nt f onin z h eniy of or mo  b  o fom  a   th argmn ema givn n e eo aer (pp. 22) What Satr n fa es s to gv a onens aon f th aion of nhngns o from n th rmaine f th a e w hav  been sng (24) rrving t f in f from fo at or of &N by h oin th srur o h -if ave been o  i mo trag wa ove  po iety o t tr of  foie an o onie n n a a   tal maeal onrning rem a  i  n ar D) TD QUO

. A Sarr enta am regng oniosn l fn? Wa oe s of onionss ar r by arr an a  riim f hs ffive 2 w i arr np f bingintlf b nesto an  hs aon o h fnamna ppion hih  form ith bngforlf aay iie 3 Wy an h at an  ar in h npt of nongns nto  ant f oniosnes? 4 Ae Sartr laim  ha gvn an ant of t re ton of bt an ob hh trann h ppoion  ram an alm 

AN    X

) U DATA TRUTUR O TH  UA UJT

On h bi   bsi ontgy wn p in  noion n a On a Tw  BN i th mot abst mepysi sts of the mn bj Te in el d tempaty n tacece oo s o wih  ts aty value n pslty, wi n nn ks s o wledge ate aim i to hw h th ts  neay o nio bing thgh n by aging np onntin n p  ny ttmp o e g  Ss pin s mp fm   on ins of bt t ppy pheomgal tnnnt mh i t bing  o liz h ou on sion  n i t b tmpoa vnta e by iving  in int  wy in whi  onns i nn taly wi o mpoiy vaonin  Ti i iv by hwing hw wh i i   t b nio an wh i i  e  b im v  o  mak n n neigb (Th avng i pn hat the is sm thinkab sn n wih  nsio in  sme nty migh not b mp Sa i nifn o is possbiiy  if h i igh i nnot inet wi ou m of bing) Th ltn bwen th bi oogy wit whi w hv bn onn hit n he f noogy o whi  fnm ts of h fo-tsf bng n  iatin n w ns i the bas onoy i?  the fl ontogy iv om t  the oganzion f BN migt  s  p? We av sen aey in § th  p of t f nol ogy wh  n  i of t obj vi e ifnite obj-wo i gn n bt not iv y m bingintsf t spings ino bing ny on  oniion f n in ton o h i n  bjiv s of th f onoogy viz the tt of e fo-il  is bm  immiy n t Two  i no mo nt ot of tn t i  fm  b npt  onns ns t  he bi noy  a pom om wh t vy th i  ma ty by mn of whi ion of laat wi m h  of b intnion 

' ING AND NOINNSS

osios wi b ow to b grunded on st  t -t (Te tm hma at  a rlt humane i s by Sat n a sm-tia es, gy ivant to egge Dasn t f to bth man being an te wo qua bt f otio, sn of ation an s fot Sat pos n bgng  B&N b atig ba oniss a t phomno  wi a, Sat aoweg, i one s abstat (9  was to ify  piosopa vio t vatage poit of t basi ontogy eses tat w gasp o bjtvity oety T oity f te bai nto ogy is tefoe mtooia, a te ivato f te f otog fm it a istmogia matt otogiay, t ato f sios t fo-itf is tat of at to woe; osos mis, as Sa pts it, t nstatao nes of th fo-it (/  . At t am tim as Pat wo tas t pai of t s nto t tt fo-it , t aso ats t t f ss, wi te ntti me tk f ga (3/  w a what nss an th ti wi omis its bg ea it . § T sl [P w, p 1 , cion I and V

T io o hoo i B& mf t positio f The Tanedene f the Ego i two wa (w ov te f es wit Sat ai asis f te sf t in hapt 2) ist, Sat esles t v stt  t ptiv gt, in th w, ints it  a ef o, mo ie an n w os to a, as a stan o sf Son, as we w se n §15, Sat dente t feiv atio wh omis t peftv cgto, wt te flv eato w om ftn bt ae ient fms f oe a t am fxiv ati. Ts may apa to bing Sat poit ose to mmon ses Stawsnia viw of vs o ons Rappohmt wit ommo s s wv, aatstay fa fom bg Sat mtv, a is ant of t sef, o sf, ivovs a ft an  ivon o  ata ne ti of ponoo As a pimay, a mpotant gena pont gang Sats metho f ni eft  be note Asi 

EADING E EX

fom at lativ at f the n f th f-tslf §, BN as aot trto a descriive aa, ven tn lams abt wat i n th ba of t cogio an t nomna giv to t  ht Pat Tw an n man lat cntt, b ontrat BN aor imay t eleo ocl eaatn,  lanatn n trm of n an eato of te fom X in e that Y  n Sat's langag aactrizaton a a rojec, u roje A  the fnamntal ttr of t man bjt tat ate nte n Pat Tw ma ssntal s of t oton of t twas an e T tae a nt wh ths th  ma flly l it atr n onclg i teatmet f ltn sas that it s nt a cao rg' bt ais in t esetv f for ' ctn has a meig wh i t bi-fo reour a me enealy th f-tslf  t bng wic i it bng i t foto f a for',  foement du ou (6/ veal nts a to b not n ti ga t, ate es nt aly teley t the hman bt ba  thiks it valy te tat wateve sts has a tlo  bngntlf fts that oton  bt base the ec nat of th f-tsel, as that tm alra imli man t; the -tslf s alway the foatn  a ou on atan la ation i tlologial ihou bei ntnal Sat o not o, as a natalt might by ft etemn th ncton  the ma sbjt n lght of t alty wh sos it, a thn infi wat es a pa b t vario fat n faltatng t ag of it ftn  Sat, on t tay sbjetvt cn hav o fnton. at sies, fthmor, that t telea stts whh ontitt ma sbtvt o not in fat  i ealn any teo  ma bjet s puroiv wtht actally havig ny puroe hi, at' viw of tleoy iffs m tat  mm ss, n s fa a th latt tik of tleoal tis as appee t a mechantall babl b stt t ality of wi vs t vhl on w tllgcal pro n at's oiti (f bvs sg nae  hs ctn of fom) i tat t aty f the vaio imesio f te -tslf conit n th bng o ton towa a cta  1

A  D HINSS

te's the f th lf vlops n sts, an comp om of th mst ct an ntn pssaes n he whl fN ( cton  4/ 8: rte ens b vtn the stc te  pe-efectv concon As  nw fm §3 at clam t to e the w  h pflctv cot' (/1 10 that eve laton to an ojet es bac on tlf: conss ness-f-O mpe concon  cnscsnofO Ths ntal tht n s  s  am not mly stty n nete mnatl conco of  t nscs of  n om pat mode  nss f  th pleasure o s n ec f elef  desre tc  my nssness-fO  consnss-f pese, cnscsnoflevn ec An convly f th  cncsness f evn thn the mst  ef (xxv1 lf an consess f belvn a thee fe ness n sffcnt fo one nth t ths mly ocal cpton o the eatonhp o not epn t t , n ate a that w ennte hee a ffclty whh ls  n ne metaphca oltn hch nvov th ntocton of toloy O  ofmtho mt e s  n §3 an § to conce concsess n accanc wth t own pespectve Nw th pclaty of te tte mps b lf an cnss nss-flvn  that t mt be nceve as both uar an dual he tw tems mst f co comp  ttt  snc ach  oth ncsay n scent f th oth  n t th sme me the mt comp a alty nt  th eason that w a thst f the ment, e a to mpo  stntn n th tct, t bca nssnss-f-lvn se mt entte ts fm th belvn whch t s nss ns of at po atonly tht we cannot olv ths ntrctn  san that th  nty n ne snse an lty n nthe, wh w aw  to a that th ets a nty wch contan  ty', e t cnceve th tcte smp a a nthe (/ Th a on whch we cnt bf n nscsness-f-eevn a ntay  th vey sme s that on whh w cnt the as a appcaton of a ne pncpl of nvaton la to contn ests How ae we t mae ths paaxca tct ntlle? 9

ADN H 

Only, n to at by swthn t a conctn f conscosnss n tems  ns (T sse ntanng ts tanstn gns af wy wn a 5 an rns t the m  of   nscsnss o belevng s ssntally n attmt to eflec blef, nt n th sns of n t f tht (flch, bt n t sns f  mn (efe (T se f  sne tem n nsh to tnste these two t f nt notons s h t av bt vy nfsn s  w s to mo o e n Sats nc tms f th nns fme fm t e efle the efletn an e eflat t lctn See ns tanslatos nte n Ths m n cas ov t jet f th conscosnss f whh t s the eflet Ths at wtes  nssnss o bvn ess  ode to pfm th act of fath whh b conssts n (5 Ths alows s to sp the bth-ntayana stt s n nnsmmat tol oss n t comle naloy to hch Sat s an cnssnss-blvn s an attmt to ho   m t bf ony t sve n th n han tat t ojet (bef cannot st wtht ben mo, n n th t tat th mn ts (cnscos nssobvn s nthn aat om wt t ms wt th slt that no stab me n b cat  t ojt f mn fls Ts mns s St ts t (5/  tht we n sy nth that b s o s ele n tht nscsnssoblvn s,  s coscousnessoelevg. The l n ntt la ton sgnal  s n th Satan contts ssessn f sbstnt ng bot n t stn sns f xstnta sf sffcny n s n th wak sns of ssessn  sm st  ntnsc nontn pts Sn beef an cnscosnssofblevn n b nt  nt wt themselves n wt on anot tey mst b cncv nsta as hav to e n anth n a sns sml t tht n wch w may say of smethng that t s su osed o e o shoud e, sch an sc (at ss fenty t constcton note n §, avo  te, to ss ths e As St ts t n a at n smewht a assag ac tm n the y  eeteta onts to n ens ts bng n t ben f the th bt ths bn s jst wht s 

A BEIN ND NSS

mssg the  onssts in -be-mirrore , (tre-por  ) n the  t this en o e ahee ony  the  were  (qeqe hose)', whih is impossible, ine i th  were   then it wo e in-itsel an th  wo be stroye (3/221).  an oniosnss o beiein ths ompise a game o mirrorin a ole game o rerne' in whih []ah o the terms reers o the other an passs into the othe, a yet eah term s ierent rom th other (5/11) or as Sartre aso pts it, eah term while postng itse  the othe  the other (1 512/1) Sarts proo bt t thesis is, thereore that the oar onept o pespetie whih we hae on it ess tial to empo n expliatin hs ew o onsiosnss, s in the ina rsot mieain, o at any rate imtd  to hae or ompise a perspet n the ense o onsosnes is not tmatey jst a qasiisa perepta, ontempatie mat ter it  ose to hat it i to be    or     (oniosness is that preise oigation to be a reeang ntition o omthing i e  o a tansedent bein xxii/2 or onsosnes there s no being eept or this preie obgation to be a reeaing intition o somethg' 112).  Setion  /18: The rond is now prepard or the theoreta introtion o th sel as        o the to terms  ad . Th ation between a ase an the mirro that reets it s pely eterna  the mirror oes not eet the ase   the mirror isel he  and  o prereetie on sosness, by ontrast, elate to one another  members o a sngle nity, an this nity is iniated not a a mere aggregate that they might reate by onjoinig with on another bt as the (their)  Ths indiate bet ot be howee the metaphysia sjet o proertis, or reason that e saw in the isson o      in Chapter 2 an nor an it be a proprty The sbjet is instea iiated as  ad the approprate lingisti symbol o this serelatin s, Sartre notes the eeie pronon, as in   Th eation esinatd by the reeie pronon is the meanng o, an what ies sene to the mtal reeene o th 

DNG  X

reet and th retant  Sat as this sfratin at th  of prfti nsisnss ps to ts psence  so. Th sf or os e so s psn t s, a stu t  pptal nstab quilbrum btw idntity as absolut ohsion without a ta f disit a ut as a sthss  a mutpit (/11) t folows that th so has bing nith as a sbjt  pats or as a prdat and an nthr b no b apphndd as, a ra stt (3) tio  /121 hus fa Sat's th ma su sma t sald oowshp thois of th sl sh as m's whih dn  t th ' ut this s ot th as for artrs thory of th sf is not haustd b th pm at gat ams whh w a just spld ut Th so has bn dnd n tms f a sfrlatio trmdi at btwn th Onnss f idntt ad th ass of stht uity th ky to whih is th dstan m sf mpd  psence  so, ad ths distan aws itsl t b anaysd in ts  Sat's mtaphss of othinnss and his tology of th f-itsf What spaats th sf from tsf s,  a ss othin ren  annot dtt  sat a thn stting m apat fom mslf  otast with spatia dstans and tmpa  pshlga ffrs  an ot  dtf ad pss th spaatin indit  tms  pst tms whh stad i spaato from on anth What w must sa th, Sat agus s that nothgness ostituts th sparation  a patiua, persnaz th igss, th othgss that  am or in Satr's tgia and quasi-dntgia dm, havt. This ostituts a furth dopmt of Satrs mtaphysis f nthngnss (§§9 nwh but  sf-sousss atr says an w grasp othngnss in suh puty' (8/ Cntra th -wshp thor thrfor t pla of th slf is not ontooay aant n Sat's tms, Hum s d to oud that th sf s ren baus h ails t s that ts bg s f th tp ogato (21) o i ot words that th sf is as Sat puts t lat th ean for th  it momnt' f mutua n btwn ret a retant (134). al Sat fs ths thor of th  f to th atopo nti sty nng th g  th -tslf (9 th nant 9

A ING AND NHINGNSS

whih  haeto-be in the form o a so,  mae to be (est t) b the oriinal ontooia at' by whih th initef enerate nto preene to itsl (9/) (4) Ston V -4/1489: ore introin th nt lment in hi thor, Sartre reer to The Tansendene of the go an rtrate it onlion hat the eo i tran ennt, no an inhabitant of onsone whih provis bjtit wth an immanen ntre (-/47-8) (Lar, at -3/9-11 Sarte wil restate hi earlir viw o the eo ee §4. Sarr hen eplain how he has mode h earlier otloo he at that the eg s not what peronaiz onsiosne oe not mean that there i nothin whh oes so n that onsione  therefore impsonal' sene  so ons personality esonalt, on onsone, an it is base it oe o hat h tranenent eo an ao ha a prona haratr, ie tht  am able to thin of that eo  my eo n & Sartre eparate, thro, the e of whethr on sone i persona o impersonal from th iss o whether it i inhaite b an eo bearin a relation o ownerhip to stats o onsione n The Tansendene o the g ths sses were ientifie Sartre then as (3-8-9) a frther ologa men ion to th sereaton whih pren to tsel ompri whih h als selfne' psty, an sbe  the eon esntial apet of the person' (4/8) Earlier in Chaptr  Sartre ha are (as w wi see n §17) that th o-tsel  orientate nessarily towar itlf as sl-onident Selfne onsists in my relation to this al entity in o far a i is prsent to me a abnt, an absentpesene (1/148 om this erive the sb jet' sene of itelf a bing perpetly referre on, envoy , beyon it own rasp n so ar a  projet msl toard thi metaphsiall deal Sel  mt o so va the wor: ine, it is bae o thi projetion that there s a wor, an that hi worl i in om masr my' wor (14/148-9) he strtre whreb  se to oop bk to mel aoss the worl traversin th totality of bein in orr to hieve ientty with msl, Sartre all the irit o selne' e rut d st (/48 ee ao 1/147) 

ADNG  

15 Rfcon P wo e 2, ecn , 1 508/1 6205

The the f the selfst otlne onens peefletve on sosness What s stll mssng fom artres theoy of the self is an aont of efletion (eon n the sense f ch and ths s spple later n eton  of the hapte n tempoalty The estene of efletn s enntee in fat bt we mst as st why thee shol be any sh sttre an seon hw t s pssble (52/18). Refletive nssness s afte al nt mple etl b the estene f pe-efletve onsiosness sne the atte s nt sbjet to the prnple esse est pe. or an we nestan the elatn f ree tn to the nssness refete on as ognally that f a thnkn sbjet t a epesentatin if that wee so then the two wol belong to ffeent ans o ben an refetin l fal t mprse a selfrelatin Me geneall, efletve an peefletve nsosness eemplfy the patten o a tyinnty whih we saw n the ntet of the eeetant (1) their nty annot be gaspe as ompone ot of tw nepenent estenes (whh wol make the elaton eter nal an estoy the etaint whh haateizes eletve intton of ones onssness) an et it mst stop shot f a tota entation (whh wol lapse eetn into pre efletve nssness) (1518) To appreate fly the e f artres transenental estns nernn refleton we nee t enize wh the ornay nepton f efleton whh allws s t sppse that we nerstan what t s an wh it ests s n ate's tems nadeate r ornary neptn f efetion s that f an esemc medum efetin is ha whch enables the sbjet  mental states to gan knowlede f ts mental states. Sartre we sa n  ejets the noton that eletin eplains the pssbilty of selfknlege, mantainin tat the es tn f what makes selfknowege pssble leas ltimately nt to efletn bt t conscence de so e als, we saw n 8 regas epstemlgal elatons as seonay an eva tive frm whh t follws that the emans of selfknowlege annt be se t aont for efletn wtht eroneosly assmng the pma f nwlee. 97

 BEN A NHNNESS

oweer, eletn s n meely ae t exist y some ine penen, mehana, nnono ae, an  reeion  nether a po of eien aalty no expane by eer ene o an epemogal en, hen the only posiilt i that s explanan e in sme othe, nn-epemologal en Sare gies the followng ant o wha hat en  at 153/199-01 Preeete nones negoe what Satre alls an orgnal persn (13/199 eae the  re  eetrett  eaneent, he osel is olie o loo or t beng esewhere, bt t n hat  in t peene  eng-ntel an in the low  its tempat   ha lost isef se tse (153/00 Angl he ortel am o eoe beng an o tha en  emplys eflecto refle tion s he means y whh he tel attempt o pt isef nse is wn beng (13/00 by gaherng isel into a uty an behdg ef a a totaliy he gal of he f-ise n releton is th o make  se a gve a gen whih naly s hat t ' (15/0)  his aempt eee then the or sel wol e o sel as an oben-e wihin is own nteioy (1/00 n releton he bjet i attemptng, herefe, t e t wn naion  he elete aze aim o eae the or-ef a an oje wh whh it, the gaze isel, wol e ienial. he oeation an neioaion o ef (1/0 a whih the for-el am n eeton anno, howee, be ahee, n he fi pae beae releton isef s no atempoal bt  ise ispee n he fw of temporal ty, an more generally bease eletn s eingo-isel an as sh s wn stte is nonsef-ental (See Srte late reaemen o hese ea a 9/3960 n the paage hat olow (558/01 Sae analyses he stane fm oneef whih eetn nles, he aw an mi o enwlege, an he me ense in whh he eeen, e ch, is oe reletn n §4 we wil see hw hee onieratons pe he bai fo he (m)repe enaon o oneself a a pyholgal bje O natal pre  efeion  hs also eee in sg gestng tha reeon inoles an aion  eing, n the fom of an exta menal faly o ier o mental epreentatons nsea we ms hnk of  as an ntra-rra moaon o the orte (1/199 he possly  whh s nane 

ADNG  X

in the a strture of prerefletie onsios ness he moiaton effete b refetion reepls the nthingness whh inhats pe-eetie nsusness, nihi latin the unity eeefa fo the ske of a sperior (bt nahiee) unit (599. artes aont aows us t see that pe-elete an eete nsusness share a st te, impit in the me an epiit in the atte an that  singe pesnaize efeie reation is ine in both tpes of onsiousness it appeas in prerefletie onsiosness as the stuture efeefant an in refleton as the st tue rfexrfhi ( 3/99 he pem whih we un in The Tascedece of he go namely that Sartre eft it une paine wh refetion sho reate an r is thus esoe re-eletie an eete nsusness are efee ba t a me as, unitay telelgal gn, whh ealzes itse ginally s pe-eetie nsiusness, an then bse this takes it no oser to its proete en as efletie on siousness Ths gron proes the expaas of refleity in genea he f-itself is n ths wa an organi uny ut nl an asprant woudbe gan unity, nt an ahee whle § Ftiity [P Tw, Chptr 1, Stin  

At one leel the tem fatt efes to the for-tses niton f eing siuaed n paicuary fatity in this esiptie sense is simpy what is eempifie by the fat f my bein here at ths tabe in ths afe of m being either a Frenh bougeois n 194  a eln we n 8  a ae wate an nt a p mat atiity thus mprehens ou physia spatiotempoa insertin n the worl an al f the partiula interpesnal sial ta institutinal plitia an hsta eatins in whih we eah stan But Sartre aso enisages the onept as efeng me astatl, t the eessty f u always eing ths sitate in partiarit an epanatriy to wha i s about the foitsef (onerning its bein n strture) that neesstates ts patlar stuateness. hs last s what attempts Satre t epiate in Setin  t s thugh am ing fatiity in this sense that Sate means t epress the truth whih he supposes iealism to fa to grsp onerning the wa n whh the human sujet ns tsel estng at a leel f (auntabe njuste') patuaity (he nept  

 BEIN AD HINN

sitation st employe t epite atiity ppears head  time sne strity n Sartres analysis sittion' is what rests rom the onntin o tiity with freedom; ths the se tion in rt wo ony egins the sssion o atiity, whih is resmed and ompleted in rt or see §) We grsp r atiity, n the sense  the trnsenental grn o or partilar sitteness, by ptting or ontin geny tgether wth Sartres anthropogeneti sestin tht beng-oritse is negte beinginitse (§) The (dilt) line  thoght that Srtre presents to jin these tw ies begins with his aiom () that the r-itse pprehens tsel as not eing its own ndation and therere as  ontingent eistent (/22) his insigh is inorprated in Desartes reletie cgo an res his osmgial proo  Gos eistene bt Sartre rges that selnin or neessary being is  nta ditory notion (23)  neessary beng is impossble, then it nnt proie the onation o m ntingent bein t Sartre oes nt allow enqiry to me to  ht here, as it mght hae seemed tht t mst  r ontingeny needs t be, an an be, Sartre thnks ante or in sme mnne ow the ritse apprehends itsel a s bein sel-nihilating, the onatin o its wn nothingness' (8/2) and this enables s t take one step beyon mere reogntin o or ntinen, by alowng the telelgi shema o rte's annihlatin myth t be ppe The or-itsel is the in-itse sing itsel as initsel n rer to nd itse as onsiosness' (2/24) And this, nay s s t see why at a transenenta leel the oritse shol be neessriy lays sitted in par tiarit My partilar sitteness is aways an instne o ontingeny  there may be reasons why  am nw working s a ae wter, bt they  not g bak l the way t wht it is to e a oritsel qua my being as  ritsel my bein witer is a ontingent matter An this ntingen  mineu  the ontingeny o the e ontoloily ispaed an reeeed at the eel o the ritse whih it hs beome the ert o n nitsel to nd itsel gies rise t the ta neessity e ce d fa o the or-itsel tiity is what rma  the initse in the or-itsel (42) This ontingent atiit  mine, Sartre s, an neer be ly relise' or grsped in its brte nty' (83/2)  to 

N  

gasp my tingeny as the shee oaining f etain fats a thig me w e to nstite mysef as a lk f initsef.  an appehen my fatiity only  eoveing it in he sstte f he rete ogo' whee  on e  it its meaning an its esistane' (/26) netheless fatiit i what enses that nssnes an hoose its attahmens in he wod in he same way as he sols in Platos Republc hose thei nitin the f-itsef annt deemie itself to e f eampe n a orgeois' (83/26) atii, nte, is theefoe indifeen t hie eessaily we egin  mae hies e nitins, sh as the hist ia age in whh we ie whih we hae nt hosen t makng hies es n redue he quatity of  fatiiy: the n tens of my hies ake p paiaties ee y the eing of the w  m nthigness, and s aways pesppse fa ity Contingeny w e eome an faity theepn eliminated on if he beg of he ojets  (a) my hies wee m eain (Sate's onepti f he oiginal hoie f sef' we wi see in 4 toaizes my hies an gves them eessity  eatin  o aohr t it es nt laim the big  my w as a matte f hie a so des nt  it with his they of atiity) Sate's onepti of fatiiy eas, we wi see in 3, di ety it his ant of emiment §17 k nd vlue Pa Tw Capte 1  Sectin I II]

Setion  aim t ant f ae, la aleu, as a feate f he w an  a the gn  the moivatia they that we ae ging  ome t in  The sein egins (8/2)  poviing a ial eepenig and aiati f his metaphsis of nthigness,  whih the nohngness of he foitself is edeteme as (a) defecy  lak of beg, (u dfaut  maque de Sae's pesentain o the agment sggests hat tw ie ins ae inve in he tasitin fom nothingness to lak On the ne hand it is t e nerstoo as a sieways me, an etapation f what is mpled y o eing nthgness, an n he ohe as a mve ownwas t a eepe eplanay ee Sate eins y eminin s tha the -itsel stas in a eatin of egative ongia epenee t the iitse 0

S BEIN ND NTHINGNES

The r-tse s perpeta eterming tse nt to be the ntse', meaning that th oritsf an stabish tsef n  terms  the in-tse an against the in-itsef 85/ 28) An this reeas mmeiate, Sartre aims /28) that th for tse s a ak f being f the r-itse exsts, nt b irte f reiing ntoga spprt rom the initsef bt b irte  maing itsef notbe the initsl, then the r-tse exists on) in s ar as t oes nt hae, i is ang in, th being f the nitse An at the same time, the teegia str of its rigin pr is anthr ange, from whh the oritsef an be graspe iret as an stane  ak, an in nsequene o that, aso as nothingness he teegia str estabishes the for-itsf as ak on the basis that the near o the inits s nt t gie rse t bengr-tse its wn ae bt rathe n der t id t f ntingeny an thereb n tse (4/2) rom this it ws tha the being of the ritsef is nstitte in the er first nstane b a am whih ts xstne as to raze the r-itse exists in rer that being sho be ri f ontin gen, bt its beng is jst as ntingent as that o the initse, s t exists as the lment f an am The r-itse xsts theefore as a state f aairs nssting i somethngs beng nattane  mssing, .e it exsts as defev, an therefore as smething whih xists negay. This is enogh t intre th ategr o ae, in ef inite terms n so ar as the ritsel is a a positi ae s set n that whh is ae, an negate ae n the being f th ak Sartre ges hwer a  ant /33 ) f the path whih eas rm the r-itses beng ak t its onrete onsisness f vae n the wr, in the rse o whh the nept  the fr-itse as Se' whih we referre t ahea f time, in 4, s intre an reeas its imprtane  bengr-tsef is ak, what exat is it that is ake (e manqu? n one sense,  ors, it is smp th fmnt o the in-itsef's rgina am, iz beng n-itse r o n tingen an sefnng t one being-r-tse has ome nto exstene, eterminng an fong itse atonms an in arane with the negate nature that t isoers itse with, the objet o a is refrmate an mst b respeie what the r-itse laks, Sartre arges, is itse as 

RADN H TX

beingin-tself, itse in te moe of ientity, se-oinient, e soi omme reesoi or somme om me eso (8/2). arte refers to this (we saw in 4) as elf, So (4) is objet an be reesribe more inely what the for-itself wants s not tha t shol lose itsef in te in-tself of ientity  that onsiosness shol be annihilate  bt tat t shol be presere as foritse in the onition o beingin-tself, in other wors, that it shol be ths self as sbstantia being (/) What wol be eire therefore in orer o the for-tsel to arr forwar the original proet o the in-tself ofwhh it is the intene ehile, is the impossble synthesis of the or-itsef an the in-tself (1) Or oinar pe-piosophial onept of sh a totait, one whih omnes in itsel the inompatible haratersts of the in-itsef an the fortself, artre obseres is God, a being that fons itself an ombines absolte sel ientt it se-onsiosns t ma seem natral to en the for-itselfas-Self an ontologia stats, presely bease t is nealize an nrea iable an artre reers to it as a meanng, u sens (8/13)  it is te meaning o the missng at of oning (812), the ery meaning of oniosness rather than a meaning onere y onsiosness (14) his mgt be sppose to make it at egorial nonontologia, bt artre insists that ontologal ommitment annot be eae (1/1 4) One ompeling rea son for this s that, ness the for-itselfas-Sel possesses being o some sort, it annot be regae as something rasedn towas wih the foritsel irets itself, an mst instea be regare as a mere ea, ontray to arts programme of philosophial eplanation at the lee of ontologal strtre in pae of sbjetie representation Coneing lak n terms o an internal ontoogial relation wereb te foritself projets itse towars itselfase  neiter term of the relation being able to est withot the other an neither haing priority oe the other (34)  allows arte to am tat we isoer here te origin of transeene in general (8/ 32) he ontologial stats of the or-itelfas-elf proies te basis for artres aont of ae an o onsiosness of t f the for-itselfas-elf has being, then t mst be of some kin not yet efine in &N, sine it s neiter beingiitself nor beingfor-itself, an therefore beongs to the fll ontology, bt 

RT B AD HESS

it s ompaab nit to te ntites omosin the n tatd obectwod no to the eaed' psuobengs whc ompos wat Sate as t psic' (se §2). T unqu an pecua mod of beng o th fo-tsas ospons act at agus in etai to that  vaue (9 369)  vau Sat undstands noting spcay mora but sm p watev xeiss a nomativ owe ov t subet te oeates of its poects Sa's lam e onens fut mo not vae as an obt of htic consiousnss  the vaes we avow upo cam knowee of et. wh pesuppos efletion (95/389)  but to vau as a thtic eetve mnson o ou bngntewo At ts pimodia ve vau aunts' t for-tsef s consubstantia wt it' witout bin post by t an out o ac' (4/389). s Sate ts i ate vau s a phantom-bein wh suouns an pentates t oitsf touh an though (23/2)  ute inepnent an oboativ oue to th con uson ta t otsef s ak is povd Sate aus b te phnomna o es an suffn anass of wih a intate n ton I (at 87/31 an 9/1346 sptvy s §2) Sate's teo of dsie sows espeia a ow is ontoogica iom contats t entnce tnnc of ona and posopa thougt to euctive pshoo g fatus of uman subjectt. Aong o Sate it is fase tat w ak  in  as w ds wtout fument t impicaton o wi woud b that ou ackng educes to ou sing ate w on si at al bcaus we xis as instanes of somthngs bing missin n a sens com paabe to tat in wic he scnt moon ists as akin its missin ua. Smial an moe boad Sates he o o ak ows tansnn to b gaspe as an obciv ontooga stutue of te fosf s Sat puts t e fo itsl s nssoub ink to bn-intsf not as a tout to its objt [ .  but as a ak to tat wh enes its ak (89/133) Tis note unens th eaty of the tansen ene assete n Sat's ontooga pof (§) it is not meely ta w seem to ousvs to tansn owads obets ou acng towas bing' s an evnt bonng to alit an no mee to ou subjtivit Sate's amaton o te 1

RAD N H H 

obj tiv aat o t sttus o t foits iustats obj is intif inti fiation o t pesptiva pesp tiva an absout stanponts st anponts isusse n §3 in ou sten as a ak of bing wi ahs towas bin bin  t t wa wa tat things a a in t t intna int na view o t uman subjt an t wa tat t a in t viw om om now now oini oin i Toug Toug  Sopnau Sopnau s not mnton by nam it is la l a tat in t t  passas pass as on s an suf sufeing eing Sat is onsousy woking woking hopnau's hopnau's tsis o t nssit n ssit an ubiqity ubiqity o uman suffin in a fom wi saks off t mpii ist mnts o Sopnaus aim, an on a basis wi is agably mo oous T sns in wi being-oitsf a such is suffin on Sate's aount, is quit ndepndnt of an itosption o a pvasiv p vasiv ngativ eon qaity in o pi pin n an s insta onnte  onnte a proi wit wit  wa watt it s to b onsious onsi ous of a wod wod (at (a t es es n  n tis t is ontt to te napp napp onsiousnss onsiousnss  la coscic malhureus of s hnomnology of Spr /34 wi  as ntpet in nonationaist Sopnauian tems as an insapab, at tan atal supassab sup assab onition) n §8 w w puse t impatons of Sats to of t foitsefasSf an in §44 disss biy t onitons fo eta va (&N dos not vot a sepaat stion to aestti aestti vau va u thoug it it ontain ont ainss man man  emas emas on astt mattes o patua not s Sats aount at 945/45 of beauty as an a ai  aisation sation o t tee fo foits itsf f o imai i maina na aisation aisatio n o msf as a tota t otaity ity ints in tsf f an fo fots ts' ')) §1 8 ss ssb bli li [ [ wo Chp Ch pr r 1  Sci IV]

Sat's isussion of possibity uns in os paae to is tatmnt of nato Possibiits bot n te uman eam an tat of xta-uman mpiia fat, a ivn to us as onet tansnnt aitis an onsiosnss of ts s pesppos by t abstat onpt of possibt an t osponing fom of moa jugmnt. utiv subjt iv o pistmi pistmi anass of possib pos sibt t  tos of Lbni Lbni an an pinoa pinoa  a in an an as as u u out baus t a t iula o fa to stinguis possibitis om ot, non oda stats of afais. On th ote an at ags possibit annot b onve as avin its so wtn 

SA IN AND NHINSS

atua bing-initse bi ng-initse Raist Rai st anayss of po possi ssibiity biity in in tms of istoti ist otian an potntiaitis potntiai tis must tf tfoe oe b   et. et . y imination tn possibiit po ssibiit must must b ta bak bak to a i oi fatus of uman subjtivity Sat's metapysis sows possibiity to b inteigib in t foowing wa. In te st pa possibit psupposs niiation as not in  an its appeaan in t wod is mae fut intigib Sat agus in tms of t fo-itss stutue as ak s w saw in 17 t foitsf is a k of sf-oinien to wi oespons t foitsf-asSef an t foitses poj tion of itsf towas tis quasi-ntit in t fom of sis fo wo woy y obj objts ts St aims is wat auses  t Possib' to ais in t wo (14) T stutue of possibi it tus ivs fom my sf-ation t intena tion of mysfas-ak to mysfas-ept T possib is t some hig wi t o-itsf aks in de to be itsf' (127). (Sat's ontoo of possibs pos sibs ontibuts ontibuts in tun to is i s teo of ation an fom om  s §3 . §1 9 Knwldge Knwl dge [Pa w Chapt  etins I and and V]

Sat Sa t's 's tatmnt of o f knowg in Capt 3 of Pat Tw Two is in an impotant sns non-epistmoogia T qustion wi Sat asss is not tat of heh w av knowg pae t spti no tat of t onitions un wi it is aioal to fom bif b ifss wit watv watv g g  of pistemi pis temi on fin t task tas k of a toy of atona bif b if Rat Sat S at is onn wit ha knowg i T knowegation is onsie by Sat S at in i n abstation fom om ou nomativ intst in biffomation an te esut is a meaphyi of ogi io as istint fom in t usu sns of t tm a to of knowedg s Sat puts it knowge s absob in bin' (16/26) an t oologial pobm pobm of knoweg is sov b te affimation of te ontoogia pima of t in-itsf in-it sf ov ov t fo fo-its -its  (6971 (697 1 3) aus Sats S ats onption of onsiousness onsiousnes s wi wi  as aea pan pan  to us is tat of an unmiat an intny stutuss ation to a tansnnt objt wi is fu tmo onsious of itsf as su t is b ate's igts noting mo tat tat ns to t o b on o tat an be sai ea ea in t basi possibiit of knowg ognition invovs no 1

RAD TH 

two-stag pos po sss of of o amp fst snsn s nsngg an tn ang to te bng onpts to ba on o n snso at o en ts dta a nd stnt o gv t appopat unt so t s notng n Sat osponng osponng to mpst abstaton t atonlst to o nspton of es o Kantan sntss Wat Wa t Sat an d  d nd os o s suppy suppy n s ttmnt ttmnt of know ege s n aount of wy t sou be tu n t st p tat t s ts tansndent onsousness an of wt n boad boad tms t mounts mounts to (Not tt becuse Sat S at ej ejts ts us anlyss of ntntonaty t s u out o m tt nowge s my an mpal lton wt  stntv nomat nomat oatng oa tng)) Tansnne as  stutue of onsousness s pn by St s a stutu of t t fo-ts fo-ts onsousnss onsousns s ntns nt ns n obt bcaus t teoogy of te fo-tslf mns ts tasnne one aspet o w s t nowing of te te ob objj et. nowe nowee e s ntuton  ntuton'' t pesn pe sne e o onsousnss onsousns s to t tng' (172 (1 72/2 /2) ) and ts mmat mmat psenc psenc  w Ste epns must b unstoo ngatvy: onsousnss sg nates nates tsef as ot beng tat tat obt obt (s (s § § )  s nesstt nes stt  b the fo-tsf's ng to poue tslf ognay on t foun ton o  ton to the n-tsf' (7/)  to onsttute tsef as not big t tng (74/22). Knowg on Sat's onton s tefoe not  supp menty eaton btwn p-estent bengs no n atvt o ttbut o unton but  mo of bng' of t subject (17/ (17/)) dent  dentl l wt t upsug upsug  of t fotse fotself lf an as a s su an absout an pmte pm te vnt' (26/68) ( 26/68) s bngs b ngs St as  aknow aknowgs gs nto agment wt esm esm on o n two soes s oes:: te bng o t fo fotself tself s n o  o tnsve wt knowldge (6/68) an knowg bes t sgnn of affirmaion  te n-ts's bngknown n ntntonal ntntonaly y ame as a s wo' wo' s t evse of t ntnl negton' negton' of onsousness onsousness a pos s f  f bn-n bn-ntsf tsf  ngt ngt ts t sff nd gvn gv n bt bt  to te fo fo-tsf -ts fust ust n  n oe tt tt t gt  amton 167/69) Wt sepaats St fom t absout esm on w s poston e bos so os s st s nsstenc tt t teooga poess wtnsse sts on for t ots' an dsappes wt t' (7/2 (7/269) 69) nd son s  s ast ntonsttutv nt onsttutv tss ts s tat 

AR BNG AD NTHNGNS

notn  aed to ben by ts bein-known eept te ve fat tat the s ntse (27/6 fo whi eason eas on te uman u man sub subet e t epeenes tsef as wee own on an nvete wit ben fom evey se (27/670) n a ense w Sate Sa te beeves easm ea sm s unabe to aount fo fo 0 Empi Em pirical rical rality rality Pa Pa Tw Chapt C hapt  , Stin Stin  V  V

On te basi of an n ose onneton wt  aount of onton Sate ve n te mde seton of te apte on tansenene an aount of te inteby ffeentate obet-wo te thg  the orld 198/8 This enom pases ( spataty ( ( 5 5//- 2 1- 6 6-5) -5) ( empia etemnay tat i an empa thins ben tsef an not anothe tin an t ben thu an not otewe (Seton ); () te quaitatve an quanttatve featues of empia ea ty (Setion II 4 t tempoa tutue .e the tempoat ovee o ben (204/255 b pe-ee pe-eetve tve onsouness  wat wat Sate as a s unvesa unvesa tme tm e o te tme of te wo wo a oppoe oppo e to t o te efetvey efetvey o  oe e tempoaity of te fo fo-tef -t ef (Seton I an 5 te ve tatus of  the wod a a  a unt o o totaty (0-/8 Ao nue n Sate S ate  susson susson ae te stinton stint on of te abstat an te onete 88-9/29 pemanene 19-24-4 2046/5-7 abstaton an empa onept fomaton (-4/-4 potentat an pobabty (967/246 te pnpe p npe of ausaty (207/9 an motion (204/2605) The enta noton empoe empoe touout touout Sate Sa tes s anaes anae s s that th at of neation neation  n enea tems tems  empa etemina   an instane of etena neaton neaton (8 - an ne neaton s te peoatve o te fotsef it s hee tat te nteepenene of te wo wo wt te fo fo-tef -t ef  te te  ompementay ompementay an o eate poton po ton n te fu fu ontooy onto oy (12) - emee epty Te aount ven b Sate s tanenenta n te sense that empa eat wt epet to t foma featues s tae bak to  pro ontooia onitons vi. te tu tue an moe of ben of the fotsef. A note eae Sate  not onene to emontate the neesst of tose featue n te ston ene of sown te oneptua mpos sblity of an an atenatves atenatves  te mposbt mposbt fo eampe eampe of non-spata awaenes of te n-tef o of epeene w 

RDI N H H 

do not onom to th pncp of caualt What Sat anass sow instad i t wa n wh t oma atus o mpiical at and t stutus o th fit ntr ock an ow t att mak th om ntb, and thi suppot at at om wak ams gang th nca onditons o n to th tnt tat Sat sows o amp amp ho how w spatazat spat azation ion of th nts n ts  s what  us pay t o o aowing bnots to mak ts copnt th bnn-ts bnn- ts  an ow th pnp o cauaity cauai ty mo mo  th tmpoa stutu o th oit Sat can b sa o stabih stabi h th th ncit nc it n  n som abt wak sns sns  o spac and caua cauait it o m m  aty  aty §2 §2  tu tutlity tlity [Pa [Pa Tw, ape ape 3 Secn I  ]

T account gvn htto n Cat  may may sm t uggt o to be consstnt wth th mac o th eesenaive that  th viw tat iintt contmpatv onsous n o t wo s th pmoda onto o th o-s 98/248) Sat mns us why th    to b   ct ct  th wo wo appa appa nid  nid t cicut cicut o fn fn  (19/ (1 9/4 4))  th pcivd pcivd  lik a onuto n t ut o snss (92/242)  an th ts ccu th fo fote t e consttuts cons ttuts t as lac an thus a racically ointat Ts as t matons o o ow t wo s onu onu Th o-its aton to ack annot b a aton to a gen obt   t wr tn ak wou  an exenal raton . not t t  o otss ts s ow o w n ak ng Sat aows that a pv n of (pu) fction  43) might appn cty n-o n-o-t -ts s s ,  , but o o e -tv onsousnss  cnsciun cnsciun o t t wo wo th th  lack can appa ony in poc poc tion as a tnsnnt stutu Ts pans t ma dnticaton of acula tminat tminat ack n ot ot wod wod th popuaton o t   wo th wo wt a, vos to b fd  d b  th fo-ts o-ts  (  99/249) 99/249) hng a thfo quipmoia wth th bng obct o nowg aso inuns o utni (00/50). Sats ntan aount o mpa at s tb nt gatd wth a dggan acount o th wod as an quipmn quipmnta ta mati mati  both o which Sat may may caim to hav hav povdd wth a nw (an uni ounaton 

 B D NHNNSS

§2 m poaly a Two, Captr , Scton I-I]

Sat' icusion o tempoait i igl tail but cul minat in a ti wic can be summa a folow Tim must be unstoo in tm of (oiginal') tmpolt  stuc tu of t o-itse an ona tmpoait in tun mut be untoo in tm o t o-tse's vt spcifical ts tmpoalisation' of itf T foowin oints a bas to Sates iscsson of tis topic.

l Reaim Sat argus ( 28) iv t con cluion tt time o nt it ince it wl ow tat t st s no ong an tat te utu i not t wi te ea it of te esent wil fal p to te ad oiviion into nnitima  onstaint wic Sate put on aim ae sutabl but Sate's subt an mot ectv pont n uticaton of i ction o eaism about tim i tat (in accanc wit Sat baic u o mto) an ntligbl conpton of tim must sow ts connction wit onsiousnss of time an tat non o te matal available to ealsm a aquate to tis pupo Ou coscioun of tim cou not b stict to te obsvation of its contnuous paag  as one wats t movement o a ock an o te avanc of a poess ba Tim  not an obt of conciouns: consousn i in tme an tim i in conciousns utmoe nssal w a coscou of tm a aclated t mno  bac te i t st ee s t pnt an ed  t futu  n a na m ic caacte tm pass, t pent beom t pat tc Su onsioun cannot be ma intligib on te bass of psentton' pnt containe wtn t ubct  memo mag images o ut stat of afais etc.  sinc an antceent tm-onciounes wou b qui o te ubt to gasp tose mntal pntatos as aving pat o utu fnc (89/2 5/69). Concousnss of te ast an t futu a teeo ation of bn ot o pntaton (/ 9) 2. Diving tme m t foit leaves vaous otion oen on of wic i Kant's tatmnt o tim s  tan cndnta onton of obctive knowg Conistent wit i gnea poston vi  vis Kantn deaism an is 10

RDN G   X

toogical concption of bing-o-itsf at ooks fo a epistmoogica basi fo tempoait  Sate os tat a teo of tim must ans t qus tion of hy the i tim of hy time as its thee imnsion an no ote an of hy tme consist in a pocess of bcom ingpat a passag to t past (1/16 42/ 119) T oin commonenica pictu o tim as a oing invis e ina meium aong wc tings in te o pas o itin wc t a ca m tas time as a gven an as no potnta fo nsing tee qustions I tm mut b conciv in tems of th tuctu pastpent-u tu vnt it cannot b ge as a m aggegat of te inepnent mnt om tis it foow tat  mut appoac it as a totait ic ominat it scona tuc tues an con on tem ti maning' (/5 ving caifi Sate's constaint on a teo of tim  that it sou v time fom t fo-it but not uc tim to a conition fo nowge an sou pan w tim et at al an o o tiimnsional  t i inteli gb tat at ou ocate tim in a namic enict stuctue of te foitsef iving om its basic caacte a a nihation of te initf Sate gives an account not of at it i fo a subjct to be conscious of an obective squnc (a a sip tavng onstam but of wat it is fo a ubt to relat ite to its on pat pesnt an futu e o m to ate msf to ometing as bonging to  Past Pnt o Futu e peceing ma ao us to untan  ti mens neit that Sate is scibing te pscoog of tim in pace o assing phioopica question of wat tim i no tat Sat a ubctivise tme in k mnn  ctain Sat foo th ieaist pincip tt t utimate  of tim mut be ocat in the ubect but it i out o t question fo Sat tat tim ou b colapse into  of subctivit T tt of Sections  an II ha a comp oganzation (Section III o t capt  concen it th constuction of non-oiginal pchc' tempoait icue bo in §2) Ate a api etc of is position n te opning paagp (/5 Scton  givs a phnomenoogica pe-ontological 

A IG AD ISS

espto o th th tmpoa dmsons n tu esne to pove  ovso'  pma caaton' of tm (17/15) T ss  w ts seto s pnomooga ath tha otooga s wak owv snce t nues  set of neative ousos a th otoog of tm bas on t nomtbty wt te heomnoo ad dsptons o th manng o a of te tmo mensos  tms o what w aad ow of th ontoogy o t fo tsf (1) 1 1221 5 Th man o t past s n te way tt  bn w has  st  te mne of th fo-tsf ats to t as somtg o w t s esponsbe n w t fous  th pst a whch t hs to b 1 4/1 5)  but wos bn s no loner fo tsef' s t o o sts as reetreJlan an so ounts as fotse beom -ts' th past s what I am wthout  ab to v t' (119/163) Reton to te pst hs mps Sat omua of ontadctoy pato of t fotsef wt  as s wt  av to b  od to not bt and av nottobe n oe to be t ( 61) (2) 123/1 Th psnt bas t smp menn of te esene of te o-tsf to bn--ts (12164)  ntna bon to all btsef w ao be asd  tems o t bg of a psnt nstant'  w s the me oJli  a o b a fght outsd o opsnt bg an fom t ben w t was' towas th uu (1231) (3) 29/2 Th futu t oows has ta t ma n o bng t outs' of te sent-n-st towas whch te o-tstas ht and so of bng byon bn (26/) ut  oe to ove fo te sese  wh ths outsd' s n adto aaed and acpaed an uneased  e ot sm p eatd to s a homoous ad hooocay od suesson of momets to oe' ( 29/1)  th fu mag o t utu must b Sat aus tt of te futue Jrit . o msf a  i . t ts futu sf cannot an sm p be a sf of th sam otooca haact as wat I am n te moe of my st (f t wee t ook to th utu wou b ndstngusab fom ook at te st) A so Sat cams th futu must b undstoo n tms o s 

NG H 

teeooga teo o te otsefasSf an te Possbe' 8) te futu s te a point' of se-onine at w t Se w aise as te estene n-tse o te ot se 287) ene t sense in w te utu s awas t to ome unaiev a oninua possbisaton o possbes' 29/7) Seton I oia moving om penomenoog to onto og s onene n ts st subeton on stat tempoait 2/75) wt eutng aounts ete east o iea st of tme as a oma order an n ts seon subeton on nami tempoat' 2996) wt ampfng te ontoog o te tee tempoa imensons n su a wa as to a) pa t meanings of past pesent an futu esibe n Seton I an b) esove prom ais b tes eiptons Te passages at 67/ an 79/96 gve te ux o St's onepton o tempoait ee Sate aateies tm as a unn at' w has te stutue of eness' te ntastutu of a being wi as to b its own being' 6/2) an wi tempoaises tse as an inompete totat' 49/96) Sat appies t stutue to t tee tem poa imensons  to te past at 787 te utue at 4188 an te pesnt at 4/88  sowng tat tmpo at an be gaspe as a unta metamoposis' of beng Of patiua mpotane n ts ontet s Sate's aount of w one we av eogn tme's entit wt te o-tse te tansenent questons o w tee s time w it as t mensons t os an w tme passes a answee see 479/96 Sate ma be esbe as seekng to enti te sto' w onsttutes tme Natves as we oni oneive tem onen te om of events hi tme but Sat's noton is tat tme s ene b a undamenta natve o teooga) om wi s esponsbe fo its avng te ape past-pesentfutue' A tem boowe om eege is use b Sate n te apte on tempoat: ekstass' manng te onton o staning outsi o ones o in some ontexts in &N te attempt to aeve tat oniton) Tempot s te ist of t tee kstases wh onsttute t foits te son 3

A BEING ND NINGNSS

bing ftion an h h n bn-oots (s at summay a 28/) ast psnt an ft com pi th h tempal kstass (373). T important ia wih aompan th minoloy o kstasis  whih is ohwi my a synonym fo nonsf oincdn  onns t toogy of t foitf. As w ha sn Sat scibs th tos of h fo-s a  s coincinc o sfintity o a   ats aconts o this movmn psupos it must aways b mmb a pi movmnt o flight fom bing wi ompis th mo basic toogy of th fo-its an whh ys an inta tn nc towad disinteati o th oitsf  a mtipiation o ats ang away om nity towas mutua ioaton (bt wic lik a of h foisf toogy s not and annot b ompt) No hat by th nd o Cap 2 at has sti not at wt octiv tmpoalit this univsa tim o h m of t wo  whh s dstn ( no ndnnt) om both oigna tmpoality and its dgad psyi vsion (§2)  w d to in § as onging to ats thoy of mpiica ait. § Cntrditry rditio of te foritself

Sat mpos w av n a gat da o ontadtoy piaton o th o-l ton both is an is t t td-on T oitsf both is an is t its pat an it ftu an bot is an is t t ontingnt n whh om po s fatit. Th bn o onsonss dos not coinci wit itsf an acks t slfintit of t initf 7) imping tat th foitf both is an is nt s. Conadtoy pcaon wl  at n t ontt of th boy  bot am and am t my oy §3). n t mot gna tm at sibs bing-fo-itf a bng wh s wat it is not an wih s not what t s (8/) (at gas th is of intit and th is o pication as ink if not intonvt so wat  am aling is tsis of ontaito piaton may a b a h h o non-sdntty) Ths pati as not pd at to b takn sious by philosops outsi th postKantian tation wtn wic suh foms of pson a mo amia abov a 14

AD H 

fom g. We hav n howv tat Ss ontait o patons of t o-sf a not empt an oinss n th mnne of ontto pon of the nit the gt hei ns fom Sat's theoes of h tes of  fo-tlf whh pan he n in whh fton s an the sen n whh it s not th fted-on in wh  am an am no m pa an so on An mpotant qtion noneh man. Wen pop aon i taken of  theos olate wit Sat ont to peations oe onaion in the sit sens dsappa n ot wo an S mtph be  psse in a w that elimnates ontaton fom hs aont o wha i al Whi Saes mtaphss of ose n o be onted s hemslves ontnt hn f fom onti tion t s a ft qstion wheth ts meapss nlud h stament that  s a tp of bng n wh ona on nhes (whos stte s onadoy. If ths i ined St' m tn S tota aion o not eiminte ontaton b tng s ow to paphse wa t ontaito iaons tah to th fotsef at te pesuppose an spy i f o thn to sa fo m tht t o-tsf i n s not its pst i to pes on of h wa n whi th o-if sts onadtol an whn w vz th ontaito piat o th foitsef b ng tt n on spe (qua m fatii) I am m past n n anothe spet (qua m tansnn) I m not m past ontait oinss s ti ne ps in o to gap t elaon of mta son btwn th wo tvz pat . f Ste o ffm h ontditoinss of th fo-itf n his i a am whih s stnt fom an gos bon his otin of the mtpit of moes of bng hi mtph is of nothingnss, n i thss that th hman sbjt aks sbjetpdte fom to s at w exi in  niqe mo tht o bng is tat o notingnss an tht w a not mta phi sbt o ots s not to sa that onitons  te of s It s ha to om to a sion on ths ss In sppot of th vw tat S i sos abot the at of onttion th as n b me that Ste mos the onttoinss of th foitsf on h ia of a ontaition obtning n h 

  D THSS

nts It  tu tat t aon w I bot am an am not m past annot b an b onsaton o t pat o a t oot:  an s not ' annot be tue o a  oot n th wa tat t an b tu o m  onl bau on Sat' vw no pat wh s tu o m an b tu o a p o ntl an vce versa ut at the ee o meaning Sate ma w b tln u to untan what t  to xt n t mo o bn ot b n to wat t wou b o a ontaton to be tu o t n-tslf ust as w saw n 9 Sat' on ept o nothnnes s semanta paat on ou asp o t bng o t ntl Seon t ma b au that  t mo o bn o t o-t  not nolv ontaton thn t wou not b problematic n t wa tat Sat tm an aan nt that t s wthout ontaton ou mo o bng  ou avn tob ou bn  auab wou no psnt p mtaphyical ut On t vw ontaton  what makes human stn a pobm n n o a outon an upp th motvatona enne t o-ts W sou h as eve be a o unpsntn t stann o Sat vw but motv ot than phooph a tmt ma a us to thnk tat ut an b on to th pobmat haate o ou o o bn wthout natng t pnpl o nonontaton Ue o th s an s not' o mula ma b a a at wa o lhtn t paals bteen the aous stutus o t o-t t ang o a tan wh makes the otsel heteoenou wth t n-tsl but w n not b nt wt th obtann o a ontaton Contato pedaton as a onptual v a n aton t hut avantae that t etes t pobemat haat o any paton o th otf an o mns u tat t human subjet s not a subjet o popts It ma vn b won wt ontaton o ue n atun th pobmat ntnall nam aat o th o-tl's moe o ben:  a ontaton s tmnat tu o m snt tat a kn o na onptua tablzaton bnn m to t A ton a an b ma alo to o avn otadton out o t na ntptatv ptu t  woth notn ow osel ths su  onn wt two mtapoopa u ou vw o whh ma mak 116

AN  

a eene to wat we tnk about Satean ontaton Te ft onen Sate' eaton to ege A note above ontato pedation as a im and efensbe pae n ege's ogi an if ate an be tougt to subibe to ti mu o ege wtout teeby commttng msef to any obetonabe (n Sate ees) ubtantve egean metaps  ten ate's ue o ontaton wou aow ite to be undetoo an efended on egeian gound Te s oom o out tat te tem an ontion o te egean iaet a appaatu ae metapsa neuta but onseaton of t sue woud take u too fa aed Te eon  te metaposopia ssue iuse in 3 ne natua wa of taking ontato peaton o te otsf i a an aount mee o ho  must hin e a ietfing mee was n w we coniv an erinc oueves (actia o tanenent et) Tee oepton o modes of peentation ma be supemposed inoeent upon one anote o w ma ateatve between tem uc tat t ometme seems to me tat te one  tue (tat I am my pat) and at ote tme tat te ote s tue (tat  am not m past) Sate s of ouse not postoning mself neuta aboe tee oneption an mee obeng ou tougt pat ten e s affimng tei inteepenent necssity an o aso edosing tem e aing tat lative o te heomna of ou se-epeene an ou caacity o eundetanng te ontato onepton need to be aepte b tat meas ue a tue But on te euel pespetva o Copenan eang of Sates piosopa pojet t doe not ommit Sate to oating tese ontadtion wtn eat Sates na te we ma a s on tat e cannot conciv or exiec ouseve wtout ontaition n ote wod tat uman bjetivt annot make ite teoeta pepu ou wete o not in eait as dsoe to te vew om nowee te uman ubjet as ontato tutue i not Sate onen and  neite enie no amed b im §2 Pychology,  psycolgicl ac nd  Psyc [P w Chpr 2 ecn  ,  580/251 8]

Te ts o Th Transcndc of the o tat tee a two anttetia was of appoacing wat we ma neuta a 

SAS NG ND NTHGNESS

t mnal'  on tat assimiaes t t wll obts an anot ta gasps it tou an as subjetvt  an tat the m amunts to a msonption abi ne une n an eain wi naua nsusnss poms upon itsl is maintain in B& as we ave seen  am tuns as a unt tm in at's analyss an some assages n pa tua ma be sng out as pim mpiiations an ke eements  Sate's tque o what  als t psyooia' o psyi as opose  penmnga onption o t mntal 1 As e saw n § Sate agus tat pltiv n siousnss as su invoves telega nstabt. Wn t stutu o rfltrftant is witness in te ase  pas ue (/21) w gt t sut at pasue an  onsiousness o leasue m togt an inivsibe inissolubl bin' (/2) peung t possibiity o sepaaton but nth tm ung t the th. In o  peasu t st  n o o m to eel peasue  it s nssay o me t patpat n mo pisy to b th movmnt o mutua eeene  the tw momnts o tis ttat. Tis peuiaity o te me  beng  pasu  eete  the wa tat I an nite stan ba m m pasue as  bee a egn bet no sttly os mysel n it  pus peasue's beng nev as a at bain an esmblan to an obt's possessin  a qat  hav ing  a ntet.  n t as o beie te aw  th peltv cg  gvs the same n o sult but it me mpe impa tions (see 6/1911 a 7 75/1718) Be tat  mes onsiousnssobeving-tat- an t be onsous tat  beeve that  s t n tat  bve tat  At ths pnt weve bee-tat- nvets tse nto a putatv fac o n sousnss a subjiv temina  m mn splt o om its tnal olativ' ie om  ts (69/11) An h ths I am aenate om my ble in s a as t nw stans in qutin  me Thus t nontti onsiosness (o bivin is estutve  bee. ut at the sam tm te v law o te pfltiv cg imles tat the beng o beevng ught t be the onsiousnss o bevn' (69/). 118

ANG  

hi ete  ee  ts intaiit  te haate (5 the neessit an ifit o m mainaining m eief in  non-a manne whih no w stt o fais o ei om me  e nt how tse n the ase o sh pin empia (ntite ne in ate nae) e a that the t i n the mat t it s in at ew esna  the oiit o a ith o eeptn (ee 7 an eponsie  the w in whi  ti ive genea ai to n a moth e.  Dse t Sate mantins ehit a e stte whih mmnense phooy oes no eognize an whih the hoia onetion o the ment annot mmte (see 78/0 01256 99/9 an the iion  ea esie at 9/56 Cna he nepion  ese a eithe a oe  a tioa epnse t a jmnt o an ojet esiait ate ead esi  sh  even n it mst dimnt pe-etive m eg thst o a eie  a nitoe an mae po sie y the stte o metphsia ak a nte n 7 (see 056 ak me mtivatn effe ate  thog the -ites natin o itf th f-ite neates itse as k in oe to be tha-whih-it-aks t n n the emi taihmnt of pti aks a k endued  sffeed' and rovding the fonatin of aetiv it in genea (99/9 Empiia k ae eintepete in the tms of psyho as dives appeies o e (99/49 Wht hows these  hoi posts to e m ios n phntm (99/9 te ges i the ompeit  aim in esie   thist is  ose to nt a dink t he im  the eire s not imp th ojet a dink n i it me tha nmption  th jt sh e the ese to vnh. Rthe thir seek to unie isewth nsiosneinkn Wht he ie wishes to e s a fe mtinss whih hape its epetn as  m shapes th nze whih has en ored inie it (06. n this sene Ste eve it eons to e te  of deie t pepeuae not t spess itef (mn ins ei t hi esie 0/16 he ihness an omp it  what t means o  hmn jet t deie n  it e to e atse eqies in Sates viw a mtaphia 

  D HINNSS

u m whh t foow ht hit s   phe omeo s  phs ee o we es  es /1 3  §41 we w see  me et wht thi ioe A fu sue  the tpi i the phiooph  m ppoche i thi m  Ste wu e eeie  e peus hpte we metioe Ste's e tetmet f imt  em Ste o mouts we w see  §3,  citic chee t the ept f hte o   te t s pute empiic ep empmet  the chp te o he  Ste ue t eh he sh ceptio of eo peee  cept o eio 00/3) Reig c  its epti, we wi ee § tht Se ue  Pt Fou i the e  h theo of feeom h psh cu etemiti is s cee,  te hs s owe   criique o he ttemt t ep iiiu i ems  pshi w §4 t s te theefoe  imptt f the tegth  his se tht Ste tke he toue  ue  two iec tio  oth ow m metphi to oi ceps f the met,  upw m  tque f thee to hi me phs   th etio ee  e te ut f i ei Se' ps t  fte oee h eemes  Ste iew o he me t ee st with m of Witetes sei egi he  peuiitie  iicie mm f met cept ut i puu hs mpi the ieee hu  e s sh f tht i Ste's ew, the us  the mm mu e esee in the phenomea  ht Ste sie tht ohig h   metphs tem c poe the thep whih Witteei hiks we st  phiphic ee   pt ths s eue te es u ee  eteti omi s muh ete th Witese suppses t to e ut it i o ecuse g to te, met pheme mke ee o if thei uject  pe  hi he se metphs fm of oe et whh Pt Tw h empt t  t ht,  thi fm  t mkes see Ste eie, o  he ss of hi metphic of thess 0

NG  

Wht ate aae  ease, eief ad deie i t iht i th esie, cme chaacte f the miee f m meta stte which i Sates iew the phi cepti eithe oek  ctive tips wa m the met i de that the hma et ma e eade as eseti eplan anda f the ame ki  thse ete  -hma miia jet it cceies the hma sjet  th seteite me, ad cetive, cide tth at the met a tatemet f fat ce with tate f ai which tai i the e ame ese a a ae the mde  ei ,  i tate f ais he miee f the met ecme aci, a coa, pemeta, ietia eate ate pit i, theefe, t mee that dia  si eti ho take a ve ime viw f the met, wih miht e ectd  iceased teetia histia ti it is that thee i no suh hng a a pschica fat  chia tate Wht thee i istea, misi the jet  iti ch, s the ed f vual phme that Sate cas  the shi. he pschi eceie its est teatmet i Pat w, Chapte , ecti III, i the tet of ate the  temoait, f the ea tht it is the miti  the tct of eti with temait which  Stes acct, make ie the fites ehei  itse  a chi eitet Sat ives a come ad etie acct  hw the pschi i titted 1 49  we aw i §1, efti aie with th aim  cmeti  jectiati ad iteiisti f itef, whih at hwee e ahieed, sice eeti is ei-fite  it tte is se ietica ( 8 Wht est fm eetis ie t eaize it t is itead the aehei  the i ess eete  a etive scei f shi act, e i  ati which is the ject  theti ies, e  ate shic temait  hic ati a ditiihd m the iia tempoait  thtic, e-e etive ccise. eetio edw the ete with the iitf chacteitic  the fite ast, a i tti ies i the at tee (1 19/3 he e f sch ma e esied  that f asii t the meta i eea 12

R IN ND NHINN

the me  ein of atne ()  Fina efe tion eve te on etween  it eepen th nthn whh eaate  eetn an et-n aw the atte t e t the eve  eininite Me eie thi i wat et m the tpe  eetin whi ate a mpe ae (miit ompe (55/)  titt (osttuate (5/) t whih he ntt ue efetin (ee §4) The eae epeeta tion of ee te-on onine whh ue om imue eetn  make   eee o etenait  that it eene t m onione invove a eee o etahment om me an i ain t a visitaton' (8/) When the hi a een e  the me   tane with ppetie  hat i eii te eive nit f an anm (/ 3) we ave te entit wh Sate n Th Tansedee of the go ae the e t nw a the Phe ate ea tuate hi eie ni of it int tate qaitie an at (6/) The Pe eent te nent m an tema peetve (6/3) n inite te menta hemt'  Put (69/) Thoh nnientia with the etat -t Sate ant tat te e annt e nee n iui i n eae t a ntjetive eait: hooia fat pve te i  nete eation etween pepe an the a  e tain at; m an tae ant  is sntmt of m   evethn  an t ma ne love m et (5/5 ) Sate eie the Phe moe f eitene a vta' t not atat ( /) an a atn amiou etween mee ieai n he tiatua ein of methin madtobe'  to in one ene a phantm w the Phe a ontitte a ea situatio'  the -ite (/8) § T rtique of Freud Par One Capter  Stion ]

Te ovea net  the hman jet evepe in Pat Tw an e ht into ou  oin ak t Sate  in  eu in Pat ne (54/ 93) Sate itiqe o Fe  eeve we known  mean f a nt an ve ament ate aim t e  hnti theo Toh thee  mh t e ai n Feu efene it annt e te that Ste ientifie  

RADNG H X

cocepta eatre of hoanatc panation which i enie probematic atre amnt brie i tht Fed metapchoo  ithr o Cs s. n Us or o eo nd id  intode  adica divion o the min nto itct pat whih ae concive a eate to one another omewhat in the wa that difeent peo are reated F ha ct the chc ma into two (/9 a pchoai pace me  the am etion to mef that the ther i in eect to me or it troce to m betvit th deet tcte of it bjectivt (90 Sarte ive  an itrto the cae o  anaand who n pchoaatic tem manet ret ae to an aat iterprettio i orde to maintain the repreion o ome intincta chaed anietecitin menta cotnt (/  the bai of thi reai  which i coect  o fa a Fre doe thi that the min ha pat and that the ae ot eceari iteate and eae in no-tanpaent amic inteaction  arte ae that rean eanto refect a conceta conion and ied mere edo-epanation he nb o the amet i that an tho which otuate dtnct pat of the mi  oe to epain fe o ekowe aume oica the etece o a ind of hom  a itt ma brie wa i the hic ppaat idntied n the veo o p choaati theor coniee  atre with what Fed a the eno mechanim  an that  ode or thi homunc u to o the epaator wo eeded t need to be creite with a capact or ationat which render the paaton rte ae either vaco or ncoherent  the otated ationa homn ha a o the attrbte o th peo a  whoe and mere s the conco et ne a cetain criptio Conete he ceo mecham  t orchetate coonaton o the two nction o retae and rereon ee ratoat an thereoe econcione Since t  ctin on ehaf o the peon conco mid  t doe what it oe or the ae o the aaan eace of mid  and nce t equre acce to the totat o their ment tate  t nee to know what  nde thet and what ote of apoach con ttte a theat i ore to now what need to be eede 

SA BING N NHING

aant an what meae o eene t empo  the cen eete epate the peon thoh mna a mee pat o the e n tth t  ntngihabe om the pe n a a whoe.   the the han t  nite thathe ce  atn ait an i a enine echan, the Fe viion o the mn ae the neabe pobem  antng o the ity  the tta phenmenon (epeio o the e whh iie ite a e n mbo om) an in e t etabh compehenibe coet amn it ieent pt Feu w be be to mp eveywhee a ma nt ning itant phenmea  btae 53/3  e nt o the nconcio te ne et on a mee veba t a the metapchoog otate on o the min i a nothi bt a een mpoe b  mteat (hit) mthoog 5/1 eh whh ie the pen in thei mpete ut an with  epoibt  the pcto eeatio an a  the behao which ow m t A ea the etion whih th eae  with  o hw we ma the pe t epain iatioaty a ae  enowege  ate awe i be  that ai ue  enwee ae neve ea i the ee that mht eem to oe o  the atite nepto o the bject the ae awa poct o choice eeie apeaane that the ubjet ee eate n a ega the phiooha bem that th ma be thht t e  the a mch ice paa o ng to nee  thi i what ate the o ba t (ee §3 w t t ea th takin the pce  yh anai in ncovein the motivt e  ationait  a wa that peeve the nit o the e a utna peoa epnibiit (ee a  th nneton the ate con at 42/555 o Ae ychoayt the) ate h attempte hee a ntena cite o Fe t cce i not note eie  the ea amet o &N tct o ate Fe theoie  t the u et ne a the Inttn howe the ve iea  coou met tate  untee. ate  wing to empoy thi mch moe tana objectio bt he ha ea  weng o Fe n &N an o iving pchoai me  a un  t mne ate   pte  evethng geat imee 124

  X

 the panat pwe f pschnas Ste ae Fs attmpt at a epth sch the pshanatc pte f intpetatn f hgca phenmna an the hanati a t netake th ethca) task f knw n neef Sate cnses he that these achements ae pe inpenent t f Fs atte cncetn f the mn an  Fe natait metashg he fthe pe f Sate ctqe f Fe s cnseqent tw )  meet hean the chaenge f natait psch  n ne f ts mt panat mss fms an  meetn this chenge thh th hbitn  a a aa t fthe nmne th eentas f hisphca natsm the nhen f Fes ecte tpaph f the   its cnetin  the he a an aegat  mnta cntent in th eth  which n ntncta nite ts tanate nt ntntna cnsnss   sse t shw nce agin te incnen f the f-tsef me f en t the mtaphic  bjectpeicate m F's the  Sate enze ntn t a a tent with mmnsens wa  ncein the mnta  t manif an ineae et th epanat en f sch n a pshgica ntns a that we  ien  emtins nae t ense  wn mte p t ke etan mattes t f mn an  fth  an s  dsetn ps chanat te Sate i s hghhtng tnatast ement f na nscinss which mst e sae ()  epae th wa f Sates n the  a fth an s eitnta pshanas whee the pschantic me f anatin w e attache t the mtphsc f the f tsef Me wi  sai at tee nts n § an §4 STDY QESTION

 On what as s Sate ep hs the f th stc tes f th ite an hw is ths the eate t hs the f cnsines . What s the sef acin t Sate  What n Sate nt ds the eat f tm nsit n 4. Hw s Sate am that the fitsf s what t s nt an s nt what it is st nst? 1

RT' BIG A THINESS

 D D  atr re ret t Fr Fr  M r  Srtr Srt r mk a ffctiv ca at cetiic pco

e

R R TON TON T THE OTH OTH ER

 a measr measr a a  wht whtve ve i th thtt  Sartres pesimi pe simi  tic ti c viw f  f m ma a ratiop ratiop  te tratmet  t for-it or-itfs fs etio to tr t r i Pt Tre  &N  a msterpice mste rpice wth whic vr  w otr tratmnt tra tmnt  th tpic i i  th pst-Kati p st-Kati traitio in t compar Srtre ei with  evt a rat a  pace to th epitmoica rm o itsctv cscios t rom  oter mis n term  Str s orr o approac approac ti t i   cetio cetio  a we ave ave sn Srtrs tpica trat is to swp p an (i)v (i)v epistmoica epistmoica proems e passat passa t i t ce  epcati epcati ontica strctr  i a strctra rso fr thi. B&N proc from te rst rs pesctive t itersectit ppas to ca r ome ort or t  raatio  ot trit t rit ament o t rt person per son nees nee s  hisc hi sc ctio ctio  Morevr Morevr  Sartre ave ave hi cct cc t o t otoc ot oc  trctes f  f th fr-it r-ite e  at wo wo o trac of the ter was icvr i cvr i th a orm orm trctre f s s es es  facticit trascec tras cece e tmprat  s o o   of Sartre reoc fo fo resin the proem proem of otr mi m ts r to t o v ee ee  se p  trat f opim oms are r a as firm we to Crtian Crt ian mto mto a Sartr Sa rtr appars appars to e  it is coneqt impertive tat Srtr est te pi iit o cncess of tr rm t th t  pectiv. pectiv. h ver ver tat t atmet met  tis tk t k mies th t h epth of t prom t its ifict i ravt rth  the fact that Srtr Srt r st a trem i i  taar t aar f aeqac aeqa c r r  acct  kw  ter  accnt wic ai to o jtice t the eac  r r cncise cn cisess  t Oth r wich fi fi t ain ow the mta imricatio   a t charctritic of iterjctive if i pie has  caim  or ttetio  Satre es s ric a ema in conception  te tret  a tr  itsectivit s cct cos wt t ct tt atr owi He s iterste i te itemoc pem  the Other ot i isatio t as art f a ea roem cocrn t 

AIN  X

taphcal reaton  the e to the Other. thouh the epitemooga epitemoog a pue is cu  cue e ntensie nten sie  it  n a ense a mere preue t the top o Sartre ena  a emnttn o the neear aure aure  n  n  metapha ense ense  o human human rea ionhp ion hp,, an  the inetat  iteruete iteruete nt  §26 Th pole: ngfthes P P Thee Thee Chapt C hapt  1 , eton eton I]

Chapter   P Three, The Eitene o ther, ontain artre's tetment tetment o the epitemologa epitemolog a apet o the relaon  se to ther (utru artres own slution to he prem o other mi emere rom a etie rtue  the ou ton n ont n an rgument  elmnation Srtre tres t show that that h aun mut e aepte, aepte, ecaue a other po po ee aunt aun t i i an eause it ohee une une with the metaphsi o N (whh ae thee proe wih  tn upport) t  eine eine the proem in pporate term term  The inta ta  t Srtre ntrue ntrue th thee pro proem em  the min mi n n etn  with reerene to the eperene  hme  perorm a ug e ture n notng that  he een wtnee, wtnee , eel hame ha me o me e  ( ( /) nas h hame to e n intentona, nnpitiona pre-eete enoune one whh preuppoe,  ue the estene o the ther Shame in it orgna an prmte rm is  onee r the Other an t ine oniusnes o msel s n bjc gen t the ncou nes o the ther, wh there iat my eltion el tion to t o mse mse  The aspet   eng sere through shame () e t a mensn  the or ore e  nt et stuie n &N, nme t binh trpurau Obusl there are a vt v t mutue  ppeti ppe tie e whh the r-ite r-ite  an hae n  irtue ir tue  rtion to ther ther  nl nl through through the mei ton o Othes an  e trustwrth o untrustwrth mae or  et Th nteruj nteruj etie etie ottute imenon o the ritel it el ha the ntgi peuar peu arty ty that it i i  the or or-t -tse se  (the (the shame shame u at a t  in) ut not r the orte ort e (m (m hme hm e i i not or or me ut n the ontrar ont rar r th Oh) Reetion, artre arues nnot proie the ke o uh nioune Whe etanl t s pssie or me n generl 27

I N N NTHINN NTHINN  AR IN

t eet n hw  apea t Other a  h eetin t ine hame  the simpe ae that Satre ere n reetin tervee a n at  m eet  ite make me pesnt t the Othe Ot he i the wa wa that I am eeriene as en in hame (see §  ) n at the  the presee  anther in m ness' i nmpatie with the eetive attite' (1/) (1 /) a sn as  have regae egh epses t eet eet n m gest gestee  whh was erhas erhas nt  vgar ater a  the Othe in hs immeia ha ee eee m m nness engthes repesents theere a tte itnt an evae m eetin. Sate emhaizes ftherme the asee  an gap etween m e an the jet that  am r the Othe in a ase ike hame (whh i eeetative  the a a  evea en with Othes) t s nt a i thee wee tw sep arate arat e thins thin s whh whh  am nepeent nepeent nsi nsi   , n the ne n e han, mse as  am  mse a n the ther, an image'  epesetat epesetat  me i the Othe' nsine  whih  nee t nne with eah ther in e r hame t aie the shme enines  have in the peene  the Other Othe r e nt epen p an nete pshi erat erat (/)  jgemeta  neetia rreatin f m sef with anthe' anthe' meta reeetatin reeetatin ntea thee i  a iret an ene exiv nisne  mse thuh the Other whih s wh  am a m the  the t the ik ik  an eerene m shame as an mmeate she whih ns thrh me rm hea t t' (/) hi mmeate thws  the estin Hw i t se r the Othe t e  e ivve in m nsise nsis e n  n h a wa a t nstitte a epeiene ike shame an t enw me with a whe new er er    eing? e ing? §7 Rea Rea  dalim d alim and and   prl prle e f f s pis Pa T T Cape Cape 1  Secin Secin I I]

 tatin tat in with with a theinvving theinvving seeei seeeiene ene ike ik e shame sha me rather tha with a pa aitin  a menta state t anthe a nthe pen sh as hn i in ai' Sarte ha taken a iniet arah t the pbem  ther mis. t the prem mes p p a the same  shame shame i psie p sie then t mt mt e ps p s e  me t have nness hee knwee  the 1

A  

Other n Stion  Th Ree o Ssism Sartre tis to how tht eaim an ieaism ma knowe  the Other stt stt imoss im oss

 Raism (3/9) Reasm is on b ts ver en

tin tin (§) t aim that onsine on sine  Othrs i ro ro  the atn  an ontoia ineennt wor n m on iosnss hi Sat thinks rn the rem o other mns insoe. Th eaons a amiiar rm ission  th rment m anay at et the aist an shw tht ther mns e a oo oo  hthei htheis s t this iea a a t t  aom mat or immiate reogntn reogntn  Others as sent  sent to s  s et one to vat the etait regarn th Other s ne whh whh Satre Sa tre anaysis anaysis o hame rht rht to gt (se o  o 1/08) Th nern oem i that the reait s attmtng to make make awaren awarenss ss o o  Others    a the  whe the    a te as a s oneve t is jt j t one moe moe sa oe oet t whh has thin more intrcay t  with onssnss than an an ther ortn  the intse  as Sartre nts ven ven i te Others  is nke ntern to a thkn tan ts reatn t  e i meey meey trna (3/) Even i t   shwn that othe mn are a asnae onjet a tat wo ow is that we hav  reason t ive that th are oth min in te sam wa as we hv oo reasn t ve that thee a etro w w not get t the iea tht the Oth s preen n th  an t s ths  the i ie e ene etwn ntitn a stne or tree an ntiting  te Other bd' (4 (4/ /8) 8)  th that at nee nee  t  ante r. r. he mee roae hrater o t knwee whh reasm rea sm eaves s wth nnot nno t e sqa sqa with or ntitive ntitive er er taint taint of the tene o Ots Ots  Reaism Sat est es t th ths s ress itsef  a is is revera nt nt iaim ia im wh wh it on fnt the robem o te ther th reait has n hoie t t onee tat in the ase  th Other the jt es s ts peripi (/9) () im (/9 8) Sart ore in sm tai hw Kant Kant tans  tans with reet ree t t t  th roem o o  ntj ntj etive ogntn (whih he in fat nte t a with) an n es whether the Oth mit e teat either as a atr 

ARR  D HINNSS

nsive o epine ke  ke asai asai   s a rguav n ep 0) Eier wa, rtr sows e sitin f easm is ssena as sraihtforwar pess s at of reism re ism For eaism, ea ism,  t Oer eomes eo mes  e represenain 4/ 4/) ) an vn i ieasm an rnis rn is raiona raio na grns fr m epin epingg s representin representin  as aiatin e e na n f m eeren eer enee in oeren ssms f reresenan, reresena n, in o m t epresenans n s on   ms a a e mi  ow e pssiii ps siii f a rea rea  reain  e er  Oer ma e nive  eaism s r r  n as as a sj sj ,  ,   s nevr nevr iven n ini in in n an it is awas ho o as an j j t (9/ (9/4). 4).  h Oher epens n m f f m en, s ieasm reqrs f     es  nsisness , ten  an a n e Oer a masa i ien kins o ing   am a nsitting onsosness, n ever soa hr is an j j  onse onse  m nsiosness. nsiosnes s. Wih is s m m s  s a  am h h n tre s s e r min i  e  t aff affrm sopssm st s rism ssve int iaism, so e hrt f s isism epoes iaism, w s re h  mak esperae app o ommon snse sn se',',  nive nive,,    resve se ak in meapsa rism  posn po sn wit wit wr wr n a mp mp  sstms o represenains , n he m of Lenz' Le nz'ss mnoog 3/84) 3/84) iher wa, wa, eais e aism m srrenrs  ogmasm. ogmasm. () () G G  (388 (388)) n e  e aferma aferma  ri r ist st n iea s atemps  mk sense o e hr, t ienifes er sare prsppsion bh sse a e reain   Oter is an eern eern ntin . . e . a r is  primoria gven eemen seprng m from e Otr, wi erves s rin ni ni  fr from me nr  m te Oter. Ote r. Fr e ris r ist,t, s eem en s of he sm oer as e spa spa  stng st ng oes o es r e ieast, it is t isreenss f fferen ssems f sn ttin On o ans, it s osse  th Oter o aet me on b apring as an oje  m knowege here reing  Oer for me  n image 3/) Wt w verm s ernai, rre noes is e ntron of G int e e pi pi  Go, rou rou retn retn o me me an e Or w ss or inrn nooga reanss  og is, arre nes, ir gves rse  a nw iemma 1

ADN H 

(ow oes G eate me to me once  ave been eate?) or abanon s t Spnzm (te Other an  are bot annh ate  or fon nt vne btance) Secton   ae he Reef of osm' ecase, n artres vew easm an easm ae seen to foner cncluivly on te robem  pm t mht seem tat  bot esm an eam eave s tappe n sssm ten te cet s cect an ote mns are nknowabe s ul foow f easm a easm wee the on optons t we have seen tat Sate beeves tat n enea ter opostn can e trancene § Sat's ciiqu f is pdcssors [Part T , Capt 1 , Scin I I, -5088307]

Fow te atten a own n the ntrocton Sate epres a tr wa between an ben easm an ea m e ae o ream an eam sows that m na eaton t te Other mt be envsae a an ntnal natin te orna stntn between te Othe an me mst be sh tat t etermnes me  means  the Oter an ete mnes te Oter b means  me (3) n the wrs, te trancenn nnecton wt te Othe mt be nerst as cntttve o eah nscnes n ts ve pre (/) Sate ves e cet t Hsser Hee an Heeer fo avn attempte to nerstan the connectn between sef an Ote n ts wa an n t esect he s foown n the tsteps o  reeesss However t sa that te Ote  consttutve  m consusness s on to sa wat t f soton  reqe an n ecton  Sate reject te se  sutns o Husse ee an Heee () sse (33 / 9): Satre aow tat sse's s ton  erent m an mroves n that f Kantan easm Hsse am to w that a referra to te Othe s te n ensbe cnton for te nsttton of te wr' becae te Othe s awas tere a a ae  constttve means wc beons t te ver obect whh  cnser  ndee,  usser te Ote s the vertabe arantee f the object bjetvt' (33/) f te Othe s pesoe an mcate n te contttn f a wor ten  mst ave nterbjectve 131

SAS   

wrene prr to nd inependen  n enconter wi  prtir ncree Other Neverhee here i  deep prem wth Her n imir to th wich Srtre te wt Kntn ieim e to Her retentn o the trnenent jet Srtre int  tt even i Her on  the Oter   con ition  ojetivit  rnted  t e no ow t iim  overcme Tw proem tnd in He w he irt oncern te tatus  te Oer wih e  own to e reppe Te trnenen et in He  n Knt i en eeriene n rdic dint rom the empiri e (4/9) From hi it w Srtre re th the Other qua preoe   mere menn sincatin)  kin  ene'  pementr ceor nd not  re ein (4/89) Seon He dem on Srtre redin ke knw ede to prvie he mere o ein nd ince t remn the ce n Her cnt   cnnt know he er as he knw ime viz rm te inie r in interiori it ow ht I cnnot knw te Oter siplitr: whtever I neive  te Other nd tke mef to knw m e one in  mere menin crrete ith  ncine evin me trned in oim (See  the er omment on He t 1 / where Srtre denie t the Other cn e mde   ner te penomenoic recn) () Hee (44/91 01) Srtre prie Hee or hvin me mmene prre ver Her! (8/9) Wt rre h in mind i Hee' m mterve die or ietic  ere n reonin in hpter IV o h henenolo o Sp Th tke te orm   r   ncep eqene  nrrve orm  in whic e encio et riven   deire r recnition   ree n ndependent en ene n  re with the Other whi ret n e dmintion o the one et  e other The mterve retnip which  there orme ve w even ccrin t Hee to  reinip  recipri  Hee poe tht interjetive nic  neceri verome t et t the nment metphic eve nd th wt tke it pe i i ie e n mt repet rete  rincpe o rt 

AN  X

Satre ses the osin to anh a hh enera on enated atk on Hees hosoph, whh etends  is asi inies and annt e eoed here n so r a Sartes itie  Hee is nneted seiia o the o em o ntersetive oniion the man ojetns re irst tht Hees ieasm,  rnn onsiosness o the Other (as we s sensiosness) ino a reation o knwede (89/94 redes he se and the Othe t obcts an even on that ais does no ee in showin tha the es temooi aim  mt known reqired  Heen ecniion an e eaize (40/99; see §39) Send Hees ve method invoes, Sare aes an itia mis identiation o he poem whih stands n need o ston in nsidern he mipi o seonscisneses Hee ts a Gos ee taarian oin o view wriin hs own se-onsiosness o o the e whih mens that he does no ise the estion o he reatin etween his own onscisness and hat  the Other n so tht he has ae t adress the ea roem (434/9930) ( Heideer (445/30) he shard at  Hss nd Hee s hat he onne to read the retio o se and Othe evn thh the cneie it orret as interna as eaise throh knowede (3/ Heideer arries ver Hees iant inin tha  eend on the Oher in m ein (3/93) whie na eein his ontoi retin om he assmption o the pima o knowede Hedeer i eig ad i aims hat the wd  Dei is a whwo Mitwelt and that Daen has einwih itsein or Mitdasi as one o is ndamena moes; we ae wth one nthe in a ense n which we ae ot with stoe r hammes This is a rher insane  Heiee's stat e  netn eisemoia poems  oin ak to the eisenia strtes  Daen and Sartre aees tha this aows  the rem o the Othe  e viewe as a ase poem (4/1 Srres oenin ojein  Heideer s tha he mihrater izes the oooica eaion  se and Oher, ike Hee won reesenin he namenta moe o intesjective eitee  nononit (45/4)  Heiee take ne pata kid o onti reatin  the eaion  ein wth nther  and 1

SA' G AND NHNGNS

proet th onto the primrda otolcal eel of the reaton  ef and Oher Sartre rejet th a arrar ie ein th anher i l one of man poe reatn here et a for eampe ein agast te Other bein or te Other he Other en or me an o n no jati ha een en r eardin hee ammeria or ona mde of reat o the her a an e prmordia an en h Hedeer imae  hma nerjei Sartre et i tha of a me cre' of pern a ned in an bque nerdepedene i pae of rotal ppton  a e' nead  yu and ' of mee oeene i onoa dari 4 /33) Sarre e hi ow anai frt-peronpra onne muh ater n hapter 3 of Part hree ee §39) Send ad more important artre et ha  ee f we waie he rt etin  Hedeer ha no rht  reard the proem of m onti reao  ein-w an partcular Daen a e  he ontia eatin f bein-wth oher in eral 4/04) Sne the poiiit of enwh-Pierre annot e onaned n he eera notn  ei-whothe the reatin of he MtSe an e  ae n e to  n ren the pha nrete proem of the reonin of the ther 4/30)  eera poin aaint Heideer phoph a a whole h emere Sartre aim  hat Heideer ha  era no r to rear he onti a eriae from the ona and tha Heideer dinn of tooial and nt reaion re jt a n Katan and Huerian iea im n tw nommniae lee and w proem whh emad eparae otn (48/3) h eneral proem f Heideer phoph rt forth Sarre a in the onte of ef an Other (48/3) Sarre ha then aain e he iait  a phiphia poiion t oe the pe prem f other mn a a wa f epon  ndein weane §29 Sae's t f t Otr Pa e, Captr   Seti , 023 0 ad a Tree, Chape 1 , Setin V

n he rasceece o the o artre mae an riina attempt t refte pim arin ha hi reation f the 

RA N  

I  the w  te ie ee me  e eie t he itite i  Othe h  am  m w attempt  e-kwege Whe the ew metphi the e  he rascendence  the  e eme me mpott e  kwee  Othes  sie  pe o the e h what Ste a m stes  qie e e p i he ie  m jetiit  it ete the ei imt tht he  eet ie  oe s eft e the Ohe eh mpe  ma e t teet se i ehees iize he pht  tht ipim h ee ee t ete ie m i  w that  e  the see ph ities  tte qaites  t whh I e  the w  me m o phi    e w t e he pi   tree t e Ste seem mee  e eptim erig ther m t et ite it tee ipm i  Ste s  es  eie   the ises t e the the hhes h ths se the e tht I esite  , mih ot e the  ies at ee e rmate. he e peizi  he e  ses i &N (§4) e t hae the itt  at 3/0 Ste wees the e  hi ee pp Stes ew ti  mte i he ig pe  Seti I (0/30 0) a the eosite m see eret ge  Seti V t me t ew whe Stes ti eeptis  the pheme  te jete e i we thoh t a pi whee  et  the pheme iteet wth the stt metph ppeat  the prem  the Ohe whh we he ie m he itqe  pei tempt t  ti  rer  pie  with  gip  the eet phem eg Ste eie tw tt sers  whh  he wee  the Ohe  the irt whh  ha tei  hw the Other appe t me ini  eme we   ige as the wa rm me i the prk  he sjet (46/3 3) h eet  ime tsmt  the w the w smes  ew iett ws  1

RR ING D NHNSS

mote point th hch  m not ntic n ter s   n  rom m  th or rn ot o m rp T centston o the or (/33) nermns m own centzton o t t t i ogt to  ht s soon s I contn the Other thin  mpirc eterminc    th Othe s tht mn t  stnce om me on tht nch reing tht esppe et. Te Other  there onsot o me   prt strct o th o i.  n c (/33) (rt renes hs ccont o ths orm o conoses o te Other n the cpter on th o se §3 ) The econ ceno retns to th mp o hme (9 /38) Mov  jo o crost  pr troh  khoe n prss my e to te oor  the o s on ze ron m en o covrn wht i ng  thn Foottps n th h t me tht  v een en n I m uen ecte n m ng (atnt dans  r)': m own sttre nrgoes ssent motons or  no hve preectve oncosne o me a an ct  h l  h Ohr (/38) h shm/eo sceio thoh t come t  te tet hs prorty con to Srt it  ce n  ue  hve th nes o the Othr eemie n tt cenro tht  cn hve th orm o ns empie  the pk scen n the pk  m re o the Others oject n the khoe se o the thr-ject n t s o ecs concosnes o the Others-sject (nscinc su o lauruisu) s pose tht consonss o the Other-oject (cnscincbjt o autruit)  posse rnes o the Othr-ojct s  etphsc n is tmooi onr orm o ne o the Othr t reut o th oveson n the ton o tht orin ton to the Others-sjt (/35) n ogh pe to the ton eten the pscc n consonss W  hv o ict reen tht n contets ike the kho cse  chev mm cetnt o the estnce o th Ote t wht prse is the otio to the poem o ntrsjtvt whch th shm/eho utrto o s to rsp? Utmte t  mp ths certn prtcr con cosnesses  or empe hmenscosne  e nte te to the cit oth o thmevs  o the 

A NG H 

eitece  te Ote (3/33)  am capae o metg ike a coto cceg te Ote (530); te cogito a t te pae (un peu lag) [   evea t me  a ct te eitece  te Ote (2/34) te cogito o the Oters it ece  mege wit (se coond avec) my ow cogito' (308) awree o te Ote ts a i te apcit o te cog ito te tht i it itait (50/30) ate s weve ot ppi tat  mirat it t Ote  tat te occ a teepatc tsr o te Ote cosces a  it m w cscie. o gp w  to is ppoe to wor te owig pits re k  tersective awaree ct pimoia i a ie diate subectsuect et  te Ote  t e capae  eg gve t s it s  m  a iect ppeio (50307); te Ote mt e gie t me rect a a ject atg  cectio wt me (23/3)  Otr is peet to me witot ay itemea as  traceec hic is not ne' (70/3);  epeiece t iappreee jectvit  th thr ct  wth m eig (70/329) cscis esse eerece e aote wtt termeia (336) t Oter s give ot  a ei o m iverse t a a pre sjct (0/39) . rm whic t ow that the jectsect reato s etraundane t i t  te w tt th Otr  irst t  gt t at te sie  cocioses (7333); we te Ote k at me e is paate m me y o istace y o ect o te w  weter a  e    o i te w t  te se ct   tre a Oter (27033)  ow m te ecriptio  Otawarees as cogito ke a t ctat  te pak case wee  k acros te wor t te Ote wt te amekeye cae wee th Oter appea o m ie ri ot te poit e at reat ppti tht th wo o ect mt i te epitmoica vehice  tejctive cogt reects a miccpti o te -ite a itramae i th am ee a a kpt 3  Cc  te Ote i acieve thg te nto loica transoratin o  on cnsciusnes hi s ot a metp a t ecie to atg epistemgc e 7

SAS  AD 

to any omula oncnd my wth how  hink au m onounss. The pc tanomaton td y h Oh onts n th omation out o my oncouness o omthn wth haatts o ngn-t on th mod o the oaton o th dgade psyhc ectd by my own mpu con §2) ut with th dnc that he th nwy omd ontooa tms hav an uneeal and in prin iple inacceile dmnson thy a o m unnowab as such nnaisable e tel, 263/2. t 8/82 Sat xplans n dta what ths amounts to th Oth has gvn me a natue' 2/2) whh  am no n the mode o a" o o havn-to ut inise 22/32 h Oth oo xs and aenats m om my poitis 26212) paazes me and nts m nto unvsal time 27/26)  com nay a tmpoa-spatal ojt n th wod 267/2) My eng  now a at puts it wtn in an y th Oths dom 22/20) Th nwy catd popts o th uman suet in t engo-othe  oh em n Sat ontooy ust n th ul that paats n-ntsl and ngo-t and a not to  oncevd as p-exstn vn n a atnt om h ntujcve aon 22/276) th di ovy' 2/75) o th nw ontooa doman opned up  ntubjctvty  a non-abta p-tiv cnsrutin one whh bns wth t a nw st o polti somewha n the sne that on may pea o nvntng a nw am to b plad Lae Sat ps ou th neay conncton o h aton wth th Oth wt ativty 288348) 4 h eaton oaning pmoday wn nvdua o-itv  as noed a na ad inernal on local a ton a oppod to a aon o nowldg  at aks o in aed y' th upsue o h Oth 2/28) and o th appeaane o th Oth a ndmnn my ntaiza tion o the wod 255/) n th ull nca account o th ontooca laton whh Sat gves at n ton V 282 9/342) ngo-othes  dcd as a eua o the Oh 28/) and as a naton etd y m uon ms 28/34) th Oth s a reuse e a Not-Mnon-ojct whh asps  ocualy and hnc in alnad om ut  annot dcin o assum ponsiity o th anated Me' whh the the dv a to m whou engndn the 

DN TH 

coapse o Mys (284/6). h ond o se and th whch om one an has the are simpcty o th cgit has threor n th u vew a dalectca compexty h dynamc ontoogica eatons anaysd y Sartr ar o cous open to ng stred pstmcay y th o-its  th transpancy o conscousness nsus that whnve t s tansormd ontoogcay t s conscous o itse as undong ts transomation and therore n a poston to mak t an tm o knowd  ut thy a not thmsvs pstmc vnts onseuenty o Satre t s wong to say at th ve o philo sophcal panaton that  e sham (n the keyhoe/sham scenaro) cau  what  knw thk liv tc  hat h hr hinks   . to ntepret the ect that anothe has on m as an ect that s achived throuh my knwin o th Othr W ar msd easy nto thnkin that th sncanc o th thrs gaz s pstmc ut Sart dos not concev vison as an pstmc powr and th shame  ee is not du to my   wng or levin that th thr  or lievs m to  ppn h manng o th thrs ook s nstad that o an acton Sartr thus revses the commonsns orde o pan aton on hs account t s not ecause w ain knowd o Othes that w ar (psychoocaly) acted y thm; it s cause w ar acted y Others ontoocay (and not mrey psychoocaly) that we hav nowedg o them. hat   hav knowd o th thr s tho not dend y Sartre ut s counted into the tota conuraton  knowde is th ca o th others ontoogica ect on m not th cause o that ct. his point s cruca or Sartrs concepton o th depth o th Othrs pentaton  th impact o th Othr on m s not tered thouh my contion and s at the disposa o th Othrs edom thn ntersujctvty sts an asoute mt to my redom (se §) 5 t oows that t s n th b whch povds th ey to knowde o thers. h ody k th octual word at arg pays no epistemic ro n Sats account (224/2779 228 394/5): it is nth what hides one mind rom anothr or what rvas on mnd to anothr  the ody is not that whch rst mansts th Other to m 9/45) Sartrs postv account o th ody w  cosderd shorty 1

ATR NG ND NHINGNSS

§3 are's solutin apprised

To eapituate Sat's soluton am and deaism ah t to aount  the Othe in tms  a ueca aw n n the a  eam om the Oth to m and in that  dasm om me to the Oth Bth a s th o tion mst i n nvn the atn o e t the n ome set o tms that has thm otabshed at the outset Th attempt o s! and Hg t do ust thi ae unsssu howeve base th o-tablshmnt  s and Oth s at in tem o nowde The aton o el to Othe mut be thee a atn  ben mann that nsousne o othes annt b auntd o y gvn ass  e ng n the eitne o Othes nstead and aodnly we tn to the acua css  th Othe whh Sate's ana ys showd t b pesent n o phnomenoogy ononed wth Sat etaphscal aount o how suh onsuness s pobe h pblem o the smn unnwabty  th Oh w ae thby bought to undestand s ultimately iluoy. Coty viwed m benoothes nthe ates a nd n aods sop o a nw p o the etene o the Oth 503078) h mpession we hav o a nntavesa epi stm u tween  and Othe ssun n sptsm about oth mnds uts om mstan what  n at a neative ontooa elaton  the absene o an epitmloga ea tion and th s a onsequen  the moe ena msta  dentyn onssns wth nowledg and o upposng that the aton o e t Othe s mundane The queton  whthe Sate's aount show that the must ea e an Othe o nl that my peen mp m t take  a cta that the s an Othe i theby used appaton  wthn Sate's amw to ase that qestion t doubt the etne o th Othe  to den the in o ne own petv onsouness  peen the inappe hnbe sutty o the Oth dety and wth my bn' 27/39) and theeb de the tansndenta aton to the Othe as onttutng my wn ben' 25/30) Th genu o Sate uton  n the way that t pesev and epots th phlsophal ntutn on whh atesanism ests n de to shw by means o a subt adjstmnt the pobt 

A D   

that asot immannc thows us into absout tanscn enc 2/3). Th taty is tho th am as that mpoy in th ontooa poo ivn n th Intoduction §5). What has ma it tion a much mo potat usin  two thing. Fst th mmny at concptual compxity o th th a coma with a ba phyca oct ma it ncssay o Sat to t u ca aot hat xactly s in qustion  t nd to  shown that a dicusiv justia ton o o m es adin oth woud  o no avail i. av gnun oipsism untouh Sat ha to gt us to acnowdg that in my on inmost pths  must ind not asn  levn that th Othe ists ut th th hims a not bin m 251/3). Scon has odinay pptual onciousn to a  xpan its own possbi ity  maning that th ontooica poo cou b acctd y us as oun evn without iniht into th oitss stuc tu o tanscnnc  common n ac th conptua esoucs to asp th cit o th Oth stnc whih ond intsjctiv onition nc th ncssty o imotin th non-natuaitic mtaphysa appaatu o B&N  th concpt o intnal nation an so oth  in o to au  that nteuctv ognton i not maica o mo atly to show u that althouh it s maia om th tandpoint o ommon sns ths stanpont i a phlo ophaly mitd on. Qutions nvths man an Sats acount On conn th mpiical dtmination o th Oth an th possiiity o eo    in I wa mistan in thinin that  ha oottps o  won i  am bin osved om that hose on th hil; o I am ood momntaiy y a waxwo mo t onsdation o thi iu quis that attntion  ai to Sat ssion at 28/332 wh a di tinction is dawn btn th nduitaty o th istenc o th Oth-asubjt an the my poa chaat o a ots in th wo incudin th cont th-aoct  uth stion which Sats thoy miht  pct to anw concns th mtpicity o oitsvs Why a th th? Why a th an o-itv? nd hat ns sit, i any s th to th itnc o th th 14

RR BEIN N NHINNESS

Th st pat o Sates esponse to th ueston oe o o th ay toad an an Th xtnc o Oth  p a ontnnt ncty o acta ncsty 25/37 282/32) Gna pan phnomnoloal ontoo eads to onto oal dsoees whh have aspets of ot contngncy and nesty: a ng  contngnt n o a a t lacs ntna fnctaton non o th s n u  ut o ng ac nsty n so o ts latons to othe n  n-n-tel  neessay n elaton to nfot To say that th xtne o Ot  a contnnt nsst  thu to ay that th xtnc o Oths n na s a  hh-ll ute at o th sae sot a Sat ny ha elsehee ouht nto vw t on pont at ma  to gv a nt ans n so a as at 2835/ h dss a poe o eua of th Oth and oneent nocemnt o fn hc ht  takn to uggt that ot v a utua nd vduatng and copon o on anoth xtn Ths wod  a vy an ve hoeve and Sate dns leay that en-o-oths s an ontooca tc tu o th fot a uc W can not tn o dng ngooths o a bn-fo-tsl no convsy    o dn bn-o-tel om en-o-othe 2822) Sate enomnt o n ptan to to a lat ta n th dactc o f and Oth o whh th xtn o th Oth s aady psuppoed We l etun to t n §9 Th cond pat o at anw  to  oun n th ta phsa dsusson o nt sujtty at 2902/8 that oses hapte  e Sat ov that ou ngo oth can  add a th thd o th o-ts stass 298/9) and thouht o a eletve cpaty puhd  th 299/): whn  co an oct fo th Oth t s as  th ndavou o m ton to ojctat y §) had nal bn ad hs ould alo onounes o h Oth to e eaded a a uth xtnon o th non ondnce o th ot and thu xpand n tms o t ntnc too Sat ha howv atons aout ts aont tan a a metaphysa expanaton o the xtne o a mtplty o Oth whc   co to n § 42

RA N H X

Th nal pont to e mad  th. On th one hand Sats teoy o t Othe looks to  oth a pstrr and oously pespctval ts lnchpn s my appcaton o te Oths nva son thou th loo o my sujctvty and th s omthn hch  smply scver t hav ccurr Fom anoth anle hoev Sate ould sm to hav aaled hmse n xpost n hs teoy o a tan-ndvdual pont o vw wt pct to whh th exstence o a mutplcty o nt-pnetatn o tsle s ectvly a prr  t  ate all as sumed n Sate' account tat th Oth ho dts h look at m ha alra asped m as a notse n th ontext o ntsujct ty too theo  nd n Sat thnkng the douln o psptval and apsptval tandpont notd n §1     §3 T d Pa e, hpt 

ohe dos Sats opposton to natuasm and evson ay atttud toads odnay thouht com out mo clealy than n hs dscuson o th ody and tatment o th mnd ody eaton. The common sns o ou natuatc tms  that th human ody s t oundaton and undlyn eaty o the mnd that th ody concvd as an anma oansm oms st n t ode o tns and y way o ceal actv ty  thus on the condton o th voutonay hstoy tat ade th emaka oan possl  ves s to mnta atvty pap evn  dpndn on how a ths ptue s pushd n te decton o a thoouhon matasm  not meely suppotn ut actualy onttutn the mnd uch that th mnd can e undtood n tms o a peca t o pop te o dscpton o an vents and thu a dntcal wth a pat o th ody  pat o h ton o ts ptue Sate dens the p oty o th ody n t oetve snt concpton  whch s n Sate tems a onpton o th ody as n-ntl n t plae Sate oes n Chapt 2 o Pat The an acount hch teats t ody n tms o the momnts st n th o on od:  Scton I: Th ody as rs o re  crps c rpurs n crps pur)  th ody as  onally xt t 1

ARRS G ND NHINGSS

he body n th mod  that by hh thng a veaed to m 30/66) th nvduaaton o my ngagmnt n th wod 310/37) th nt o n ndat by th nstumntaobt o th od 339/5 and  oeatd dtly th th sata ontaton o thngs n th wod 3/3670) t th v o t xanaton Sat  mbodment to hs theoy o atty 16) the body-as-ot s my at ty he cntnnt  hch s assued  th nst   cnec 309/3) entang that th nessty that I b ebod s jut th nty that  st ontngnty t olow aso that my aton to my bodyas-o-ts o us th gna haate o atty. h mans that on th one hand I am wholy body n a sens hh lav no oom o th thought o th otl bng mely unt wth a boy 35/368) and that t boy  nothn oth than th o-ts 39/371). ut at the sam tm th dtane at whh  tand om my atty n nea  o n t by way o havng to assue t eaa n my laton to my body my boy  what  nhate an sua and o annot no a a gven but must ahnd n my usug 39/372) he vy natue o th o-ts a a nhatng esa om bng man that t be body 39/372) and th teeooga a oos to ontua) nssty  th mand ad by th otse  ntos a dtan om y ody hh  nom atb wth an dentty hs omlx tutue s dod th n Sat dusson at 23/3935 o what t s to have cncunss  on body and o the sns n whh the boy  a p  ve t s h that at ta o my body as somthng that onounss ust b sa to xt n a tan tv nse 329/39.) Ston I attmt to sho n dtal how th oneton o the body an b ad to yd ounts o sns nowde 30/383) o hysa aton 325/3839) and o an an hya aetvty 309/95 ) 2 Ston II y body a thth Ohe (e cps purautu) has th haat o an objt a thng amon oth thns 30/3 o how what s nvovd hn my body  odued o m n th om at tuns to th uon o my 1

A NG  

onsosnss o th Oth and haatzs n ta th Oths ody 309/406 Ths Sate says aas to me onay on th oason whn I ha mad th Oth an objt a tansndn-tansndd as lonn to th od o stuets, as somthn whh I an ts o whh ssts m and whh s nat atay y th nstmnta-thns o my ns 34107 hs th apehnson o th Oth body omatbe wth th ths ody absn as whn  sy th ds at whh yo wt) s tansomd whn h Oth boms snt n esh and ood at whh pont th atty o th Oth the ontn ncy o h ths  oms xt 32/08 h body o th Oth as snt to m s nssay a od in stuato whh s aul n th sns o n xhastd n momnts o tansnden yo as yo hand to wa t) an de to ay sm o oan componnts 3 /0  The Oths ody s hy n to s mmdaty as what th Oth is' 347/4 hs xcaton o th body oth Oth o m s at th sam tm Sat says an aont o  oy oth-Oth sn th stts o my beno-thth a dntal to thos o th Othes n-om 39/0 3 Ston  My body n so a as  exst o mys as a ody nown by th Oth 41 s ndd to ompt th aont Th mpat o th Oths objectaton o m s not stt to my onsosnss as tansndene my sham at p n thoh th yho) th Oth-assts ontooca tansomaton o me aso pntats m n my y atty 418 hs to ontn wth th xam o sham I e mys shn wh th oths oo s wtten nto my on sosnss o my body 35/20 Th body n ths thd anad mo s ths th ot o my tenazn o nopoatn 2 nto  Sat ans that th omaton o my ody xstdy-meas-owny theOth sposs nst ommncaton wth th Oth 4/42 an that t mas th ont wh I an o xam d a pan to  n my stomah n th ss o an anatoma oaton 3559/237 1

 ING ND NHINGNSS

t mht e suosed that Sate ntends ths odeed set o dtncton to ma a ey conctua oeon ovd n an account o how w wo up om a ychoogca and pstmay ptv nant) oneton o ou ods to a moe oete conceton whch mas ou od accse to natua snc and aow u to o uch cop thoughts a that  am now ndun an ah n a on vtochonda  We that so Sate oud have no aument as suh th th comonsn natuatc vw whch ht ncooat Sat acount a a hat n dvopmnta ogntv ps hooy Sat s ntey ea howv that hs aont maps ontooca v and aton  the od o ou ctons    cono to th od o ng 5/7) th odo and th ody-o-the-Othe os to ssentaly d ent ode o eaty ae adcay dstnct' 0/66) Ou odnay vw  at not that th odyfothoth  th a od  that Oths s us as  a 5/1) ut the hoe thust o hs aont s to sho that t s not ontolog cay pay t s sotm wod tat at  on account o  n ea duast metahyss and th anayss o modmnt ust seen  may e ommtted to the nd o amousy oeat ndbod duam wh vtuay a contoay phoo phy o mnd sts ts th tas o avodn Wthout equvoaton Sate dns that th o-ts s dn tca wt the ody n th sns undetood y hysasm ut wth qua cat Sat cts Dcate and a tad tona oms o duas netnddnss s Sat pans not a ognton o any tnc oety o stutue o te o ts ut a popta ondaton o th ots n ts o the detemnatons o the n-tse  the o-tse a suh  aspaal nth tndd no untdd 179/8) The atoa nappaty o spata notons to th ots  du utmatey to ts non-sustanta mode o en  whh s ccay uch that th ot can  te ody ony n th mod o havngtot Thus wh caca tays a duas attmpts to prss th htont o th menta and the hya n tems o deenes o tyes o sstan o nta pot and modn anthyca aa to dstnctons o oms o anaton to do th sa wo ate 

  X

puhs th mnta/phyca htognt a t way a to a denc o mod o stnc. h Sat mantans pom s to aow th non-phycaty o the uman ujct to  gapd a undamnta und wt ts dom patca ty tmpoaty vt and so on. h s on n n whh Sat  n agemnt wth physcasm n ts oppoton to duam namy n jtng Decart cam that t mnd mgt st n spaaton om th ody (3/368). o Sat howv ts dntty  th sujt ng whoy od  t on t thoough non pscast noton o havng-to and th od n uton s onc agan not th ogansm o anatom and hyooy ut th od a ot Do th man tat Sat ha don vytng that ned to  done n od to mt th cang o panng ow mnd and body ar latd? h puz o ustanta ntacton  ow an two htogenous knds o stu nt act?  o o mgnc  ow an a mnta tam wth al o ts ngua attut mg om antu  can no on  omuatd on Sat acount nd  th us ton s put to Sat ow  t tat t ody n on o t th mods an om to  oatd wth t od n t oth mod   that what th otopadc sugon pot as t mndng o my  orsponds to m havng asd to  that ach  un th mod a ay ust dent way o pnng and tnng o on dnta ntty tuatd at a sng ontoogca v? Sats pl w  tat to up po that panaton must ta suh a om s smpy to bg th uton aganst s gna mtaphsa poton  mndody pom  ow  ts ocus o thought nsa ton t atd to tat png mtaong t ogan sytm?   sovd Sat ams y gapng t dtn ton o ontoogca v opondng to t t mods o ody stnc (303356). h tuaton h s tro th am a wt Sats account o oth mnd wh t wod  may nappo pat to ojt that Sat as  unpand how t  that w a a to prom a nd o coito connng t Ot gan th pctu oed y Sat appa to a tons whh y odnay ght ount as maga and agan 47

SAS BEING AN NGSS

Sates deene es n pontn out that th magc  aady atuay the n the stutue o ou epnc cannot  comphndd y common n wthout a hyostataton o sujctvty ut coms ntg n t mtaphya tems oeed n &N Th woy concnn at pomty to ates s ms pacd tho to th tnt that om th tandpont whh ojcts to scats mnd-ody duam that t  ncapae o man nee the ema ausa atons twn th mnta and phyca and that t ontadts unaeptay th unty o natua aw Sat mtaphyc o th mnd/ody aton w aea ojetonae many tms ov snc t puppo a gna mtaphyc whh ontadts th asc tenets o phscasm TDY QETO

 vauat Sats cam that oth asm and deasm and a o hs pdcso a to povd an aduat cone ton o the aton o se to Othe . o Sat povd a outon to the tadtona pom o oth mnds? 3 s Sates aount o th ody and o t aton to con coun contnt and onvnn? (D REEDOM MTVTO D ETC

Sat dos not mpoy th dtncton mpotant o many pot-antans etween thotca and pactca phoophy o th aon a w hav en that Sate onsdes that t vaous ssus concnn ancy and pactca aon whh oth phoophe n unde the headn o pactca ph osophy va thmv aady at th ve o ontooy and to that etent he ejcts th dstncton. It  hpu nonthe  to dtnuh n &N etween the thems most coy atd to na ptmooca and metahysal ssus  th topcs dscussd thu a  and tho wth mo mmedat ea on ato and th uston o how I shoud act o moe oady on th atttude to e tan towads ou vs. H n pat ) I dscu th att wch n ttua tems nvovs hey at ou ut aso som a cton o &N 1

N  E

§32 Th thy f fdm P On Chapt 1 , Sctin V, 24-45/ nd P u Chpt 1 , Sctin ]

Fo Sa as w hav noed pevou Wha w a dom s moss to stngush om th bein o human eay Man dos no xs n od o   ubequentl th  no den betwn h ng o man and hs beinee 2/1 s ao 8/5 Sa jt acodngy any onceton o edom as a auy o th human sou o  nvsagd and dsbd n so aon a popety whch ong among ohs o h ssnc o h human ng' 25/; se aso 3951 and h onp o w a h au whh bas unuy th opey o e dom, has no pac n Sa aount Sa na xoon o h hoy o om n 25/ 8 o Pa One hap 1 Son V he gn o Nohngn' onsucs a ou o om om nohngns an namnt whh, hough no oncuay mmdae s no had o gas n oun th ngatvy o h o-t ntas ha wh gad o any xnt h human ujc  o sujt o t annot  acd on y  an pu hm ut o cut n aon o , an so can mod ' /  hs apd sech, Sat anowdgs g us om ony as a wo 25/ and a mo dad expoon s ndd o cay an ubstana t Sae ns wh th ont ha w an   n aton o th thng  he ol, ony  ou aon conans dom human aty an etach s om h wo   . ony  t own natue  ha o dachmn' 25/1 Sa undtands h n une an uncondona tms  th o-t must be a not m o pt on pa o s bn agans anth ut to dtah s om ll ha   n od o how hs  b po t s ncssay o u th  da o psychooga causa emnaon and hwh any om as acoun whch woud ny dom wh a sc o hooga causaon Sats agumn oms s 2 7/2 an apa o h a anays n he mny whh show cy, h enc o magna onousnss th o-s 

 BE ND NTHNESS

pow to hat evy a the wh wl  uppotd alo y i aount o ad ath ee 7).  menta imae o Piee nvove multp ihaton o the wod wh  not the ou o th imae) o Piee wo  not  ee)  and o the mag ite h  not a pepton The etne o u jetve a well a wody ntits ental theoe tat the i a pow o el-etahmet n at eat ome e magiay om o onoune Son (7-8/6-), Sate oan the op o h au mnt y vn an anay o aeny o patal aon whh mpot hi aaly o tempoaty a a tutue o te o t Sat aumnt n e  that any dption o a putativey dtmint pyhologa aua uen  e motvaton M  intenton   aton   omt what  imple y the jetive atuatio o ti tempoa tu tue at eah point th i a eavage etwn the mmedate pyi pat and the pent whh  pey othngn (6, ad t  neeay th onio ng ottut itel n eation to t pat a paated om th pat y a nothngn (8/6) The po onoun i  wth t modiation o patn and o put out o the game out o the ut in paente (8/6) Cont the he o pyhologia deteminim the elaton o pat and peent onoun i a elaton o intpetaton meanng tha t  away an neay a ueton o me how  houl ate my to my pyi pat (8/6) No n a  tmpoa etendedne a tt ondition o edom on Sate analy n a ual paae at 7, the ame eeomonttutng eavage  enounted n the ynhon tutu o otvation What it i o me to have a moie M  it oo om Sate aount o onoune a wthou ontent  i o the o e peletve onou ne o M: moe thu ae not n ut o onioune M  mne an not pat o etnl patia ealty but it  min  a oelate o onoun a ntane o th pyh tan endne n mmanee ued n , and th naton mple y  eng a tanndene entai tha motve an aie only a ppeaane an hne ae onidee n tm ev neetv (37-) The tutue o tmpoalty and o peeete onioune whh o oue n Sate u 

RNG  X

pt mpy on anth)  th oth nddaly su nt o edm Not that t cannot b jetd that wh Sat may h shn tht ngatn s ud  psyhoogc ausaty h h ad t show that xss o th pow  ngton  causay uncondtnd  that h has nt xudd th pssty o a tmnsm o nhatons' (7/64) Sat's metaphyscs o nthngns ha shn that ngatty annot  n t o  om whch t ow that y nhtng pcss must d ts soe ony om tse 2/). Hc th mpotan o the jecton o th jdgmnta thy o ngaton scussd n  whch  comptb wth a dtemn m  neat judgmnts Td Sat obss that t s an mpcaton o hs ccont (y wy o hs thss o pt s-onscousnss) that  ha nun o th dm h h dc, and ths aguay sts a han sne o yay awaenss o oses s gnt obusy ds not pod th ctu phnomnoogy mped y Sat and uy  aompan ed y a pst e n pychoog detemnsm Sat's epy  to o detd nys  ndton whh h ca angush' n whch th xpeene o dm s aut an pt St g y way  utaton th s o t at th dg o a pe wh  am ppd not y a  ng ut y ho at th pssty o my t ng my o the dg (-/66), and tht o a game who bmes onou  th pssty o aandnn h a dcson to t (26971) n ths senos  m nontd wth hat Sat cas my osss  nt posse tts  the wo but psse  whh  an detemn o  nd to whh  am atd ntgay (0-1/67-8; see §18) o on wh um th    mb tc. Th po o Sats ase stud  to pt a mgnyng ns on th namnta stuct o pat conousnss hough n on snse xptonal thy ae oousy nt ntn say dnt om onay pat consousnes: wht ms them dtnct s jst tht ctn has thmtz th stuctu o pata ason n uh a wy a to say ts ponts  ceaag;  who xpen tgo am cocou that my hoo  ot trat n aton to my po 151

  AD NHINN

ond' (3/ e gambe  concou o e eaon of s y a o s esen a obema e Ang  no Se nsss a po o man eedom'  ey  moany eae  ossb o a ef onons o eedm a ae's aon s (3/) Th aow  o be n a e appeance of yooga asa n naa ononss s de o a aa    s onooga econ n e o of e mmedae' w  gen o nefee onosness we ea n saon' e n a wod eoe  demand' and end n oje (3) In e mo ommn saons o e ou onone s n ation meann a we eend o sses on n o    e ae ein hem  a  my osbe o me a  y nsan en ey ae eased (3/3) s e of o dos no abo  eedom ne e os o dawn o  ese as mans na (3/4) b  ede e efe aeensn o eedm n w an nsss ae' aon o wy ansh  no o odnay ondn, en g  s onons    mo meahy ndamena end e o an aon   gh om anu and ene o Sae' eo of bad a (se §3) e g o w Sae s  s no e fama em a aem o e o ee an eona ae bu e aem of e  o eonfge  n se Sae am a  noe ya deemnm a e ee of fon n a a oo ss  n e fom o a me ' b aond e beeda mea yss  te man be ed n he Tanenence o he o  es a ee ae wn  nns oe ose e of eene  oaae o a of ng' a ee s a natue ode o o ' h esase he nk beween o as and e (0) and een a ee  n e de of ea of  a e e un oi poon w s  ogn  o a (/80) We m no n o e df eon  ho n o e onea es Sates oneon of feedo   be eeed As e ae een ae ak of feedo as non ome foe bea  e o  a emanen e n 12

RADN  X

deemnism (330) e bjet dssoian imsef fr te sa seies' (3/5)  an i may ea s o hink ta Sare oies he bo n e ee w debae sandardy abeed inomaibii indeeminsi ibetarianism aorin o wih eedom is he onet of an een wi is (emiiay) asay ndeemine and s inoabe wi niea (emiria) asa deeminaion and ye atay eaed in hman ation Ths is y mseadn owee fo it imie a are ccep meooiay and metaysiay e iori nd reaiy  te nara asa oder wi o omm im o onein feedm as a asa p in e naa orde  of w te fee aent ses an/ in wi se ne ene t  o not be Sare's iew sine e ejes b ino e idea at we beon o e ntra or any oe aal ode f ben  he een enie ha ee  io o and ine enden of o beinasfreed any nty ode w ine bo s n beinnief O rre wit bein efers erefe o Saes meayia esis at noin nes s nihaion of bein (§9) n to asa beak win he naa ode Sae neon o eedom esoes e nineiibiiy of syoia eeminism b i inoes no ei  ll onenn eie deeinan o indee mintion Wen Se ak  e and disiaion' it is in orde o ney wa feedom ees fom he pon o ve and in e anae of ose wo oee om e (fase fo Sare) assmtion at pim fie man aeny ma be bsmed wihin a nea deermnii aa matri en e diiona formaion of freedom as inoin he  f e od ae dne erwise' i erefore inaeae s a oss n Saean feedom in Sae' em i mere ee te aen's fee w nlin i aibn Wen Sare ns  fae e estion f wa i nohn en) s w roide a onaion fo feedm (31) e firs obes a in one sense i siion entais a hee i non (no siie se) o be desbed and ten  ay he inre he non wh rides he ermns o i anyis  freedm i noin s meobe (e t) by te man bein in is eaion o mse (3) addin a s sefeaion a he arate of an oblion   onsan 

A' BEING AND THINGNE

enee obgaion o emae e Self' (3/) (B enon e oisef ess wi e oblgaon o assn i bein' existe sous lobltion ssume on te 11/12) Ts  noon o obigaion  e enoneed n §14 eesens a ranendenal lmi o o ndesanding of e forief (and on e aeeal reain of & e nal ron o e ey beng o e fo-se) Saes og i  e ome o a on ere we reo nie a necety  an be aaterie aiy b wi esss l anays  s o orse no sa b no s  a aiona neei a s arre e e em oigaion' as e oe aomaion aable n orer o bng o e sao of norma i s neess a b s laim  no a we jue n e ig of ny moa or oe pinciple  e og o ie sele bein   s iht fo s o o o  s sie a oint o nerene' beeen e eoea an aal dimenions of e o-ie o ain-o-e-oreeben s a neies bo or co nitive ranenene an o ction eae i neess onse  a e mos namena eel e anno dea oree om  n e ay ee or o omane w i o be be o o oie ene Sre freenly eeae am a we ae conemne o eeo (e are no fee o eae ben ee 3515) I i bease e are noinness an lak (§1) a we are oble o (re)make  sele  s benla  no a i tinct measia ase of e eeriene o obiaon We o no r ise oree o be nongne  an on  bai jue a we need o aire being Lak s s a ieen way of exessing e ini no or beingas-obaon e l being a oosed o merey finn oree omosed of nongne ony in so a as we area eae o orees a oblied-oeoreeben Te imae of e o-el a a eomesson of bein  are e o ofen o araerie e fosel (eg li/32) ndesores e onolol aae o e obiaon b e oin o be lear abo i no sial anaogy an on e i a e fose olition is a o onoog Sae's sange nonommonsensa ea (i as an moran io reeen in Fe) s a an og' o ang-o 

N H 

a a  uue esbable nly in a aa meaial diom bengs o he abi of eai (A  i oe bak o he eae bseaion in 14, ha eeloy fo ae  ses e eaiy o he -isef) Wen ae ens  make a fona aak on e qe ion  eedm in a , Chae I, Seon I, he deas kehe aboe ae ame ealy In aiua

I

4-/501, 44--7 Te a f aeny o aa easn s deeoe, wih hsia ilaio (4-08-1) in em f a sn  mobiles, moes' hi ae ubee jen o en (he eseme  e deie emns and aion wi e me o amli a ean a' 446/5) an t, aslae by Bane a ases' in oe o iniae he eenaliy  e bje (a mot i obeie', a sae  onemoay hng as   eeale  a nse' 447/54) b eed b ae a he ean  he a a i e enem  aa oi eas w ify i (445-6522) he iffily, ae nsss is o a ow mot an mobies n o iin i an inohee dam (447/5-4) s iqe uion, e ages s o see a ey ae oeaie' n eay he way ha he bjeonione s oeae wih o-he se-nione he fo-se' aehe o he bjeie mo i im he he sde  i o-he onine o e as a oje owad an ed' ie of i obile, an vi vra (449/). Fm is i  ow ha he hee em mot mobie ad end (u fn), m a dslble' niy whi ees  o e e of he o-ief in he wo a s ojeion of ief oa s ies hene aain e ineby o eemin sm (e iion o whh, Sae e-elain a e e o oneig he obl n an obe of ema kede 44026 he mbile i maea (pa) ad ed in i-e' 40/56). () 44551 The aayss  emoio fom Saes eay Skech i eae h emai  on he o ha e dei ion  ado eie a magia o a aoa saey in ae of iy ano be eeme y he  an m eo  he oe  he -se  y ea is fee a maness my 

SRRS ING AD NHINSS

rdom    ] In raon o redom ere i no ri  c nomenon (445) (3 450 2/ T oraion o wi n h ne o  ndrang o a or o acton wi deibrae onari n i rjted a a neary ondition o redom the wi i no a rid maniaon o rdom (4/) ca rdom  re arady n  ongraon o and a ane o iatona an bje emn rior o my aciy o egin hem ' in eibraon arr ar ta ontarin and inontar oaniy are mry wo dern rote or meth o ung my nd been wi I cooe fry  mor daed dion wc incd an accon o araia i ond a /0) e ony rm rom ordinary ycooy rerrn to  ycoogca anen o action w Sare  rard to aow a necary conditon o rdom ar ttio and hi Tir jont contti ro n rdom i aind a /555  e nnion oo and o th nd and coo ie by a ng na e 48/) Wn atre  e term e i o or no tnin o tm a a ind o coogca a who nc an b dd emiria and wc wod roid a markr or rdom On artr accon eom  not oetn or oe rne or abne hr u e crtea (j a Sarr arged conon o Otr t b be iea n ordr o b oib) (  4/12 At a ger  o enraiy arr ar et  rononcd ndency o onary hog o drib rdom and derminaon aro dern pt of  e and o o ndrand r acion a roing a donaion o trmind cooa ar by re yoogica ar (raon mary o th aon tc) yond te immdate robm tat  erby oncei aarny a beng bo ee and dtermind an conadict drey t ny o t or-t (in e mannr o rd ee 5) e robm o reatin ncondione rdo and  rmne roc o y e to one anor ntei y (441 Sartr are a no otion or t canno b aned o a ee onany cod an t rt dir rcae on a drntiay contid c act any 

EN  E

moe ha t an on xna beg-el om i i o o at a t wo  wo oon o on an o to ae oible ee man  oy eeme    o ee e e an i wo ee ee (2  8 ( /0 44/4 Te aoa o ae on oheie onon onon o eedom is inee ine e by Sae  em o e be be   ogn og na a ielee ielee oe oe  whh whh gie ine ine  gbe t  t o my aion (ee 3 I  a aee a  o ae one oei wio ome age in my ogna oe b e a I o hae anged anged  ogna o oj et ad o e ooa ooa  b on a ono ono a mie no no imn imn o o o  a a iaion o m eeo eeo  ta  o ae ae ae ae otei otei  e ebae as to ee a e ee o a em ema a oe a age od ae one oewse  h base on noe em em  (45 (45430 30 The od hae one one o oe e  odtion ema eeoe a eonday ona ma e negng negng aay aay  o om ton no an e oe e o on o ae Sate ao o eeom  e oone o e eoy odng  w moan eeo eeo  ee e e to be ae ae 33 Feed Feedm m c ccty c ty n tuatn Pr Pr Fu Fu r, Chpte C hpte 1 , etn  

Sae am tha asole eedom  e e beg o e eo e o ( (  0 0 ma om om   o e he Saean Sa ean be be a ejoying oa oeeg eng a anaet ol an o o  o oma is eboa oeo a bee abed o Sae an a eheme iim b he i i on on o eom ad aiiy aiiy in Seo II  eedom an a he Staion Sta ion make mak e  aba aba  ea at no  megaomaniaa megaom aniaa eeao o he e e  olo om Sae Sa e eoy o  eeom The te o Seion   ie no o o at ) 84/ 8 4/   A aon o o  o e eo o eedom ona om mon ene bee egadng eom an o wh tee o no oe eete on o objeo to e eo ( 8 8  An xeo xe o o he theo t heoyy o dom o g  aon o e aa gien in i e oe o iuato iuato  oed oed  (3 848/033 848/033 A lengy lengy an eae ao o  nameta es o at 57

AR ING AND NINGN

nam my ac my as my oiin a demind by Os  ndamena aion wi  O and my dea (4) 83/8 A mmay  wa o bnin iaion cmise Tog a  is maia i  igh ines and im anc anc in aica Sa's acn o dea 18/  18/53 53 in ciics o ids ids noion o binwa binwads-da') ds-da') i is  dissin in () and () wi s abo cia o e  o d dm m A we aw a w in §1 Sae's accn acc n  aciciy aciciy shw wy i i dos no no  mey happe o b b  e a a e o- o-s s wn  bin e ak  cnin maning and dmnin si aion nd ise ise w bn whc whc is n o s cing i i mayicay nssry a  -i sod ot coo i iin'  iin' (3/ (3/  ) w w e sion o o Sae Sa e i sm sm  is i o  n n w wy ds d s i n n  o o a a  my  edom a a  imts and i ditined in a ns n s wic wic conadics  and sows   oneons o Sa's aim nad by i i   idniy idni y o m  edom ed om wi my bin bin  o e unditined and n unlmit caac caa c o man man dom? Sae agee a  canno coo  b a i  am so a  am bn a wok a Fenman'  wae a  wod o ssanc o my ojcs (h i a ocin o adiy o ing ing   anno cae y a) a i may b ossib   m  cae    o my ass ass  o my nan nan o m ami ami a a ione i one i i  n away away   e o go o o ion' io n' (8  /51  8/53)   eion i w a o is sod sod be cnaid cnaid  Common ns gads se acs acs as ims o o m edo edom m and i dos do s so wi onsincy ons incy ince i cnies dom in ms m s o power a concion wic wic Sa a  a hw e e sbj sbj ced ce d o ciiism cii ism T    in in o make i o o a  ntoogia fdo  do oied oi ed by by Sa Sa  do n and is no inndd o osond o he  dm o wic w seak s eak dinai when w ak  a eon's dom as bonded by i caacii caacii  and owe o a a  bing scib o incase in case and das a diincion dii ncion m m b dawn bwen edom edom o acion and edom i' (48 (48) ) e miica and  a' cnc  dom and  cnica and ioica conce o dom dom (48/3) (48/3)  mnis mni sn n  onogica dom do no im heoe,  abdiy ha w a 

AD  

ea as   to ae to the oon as we a to sat sat o tt ines Bt dsntani dsnt aning ng ontoogia ontoogi a om om a reedo reedo i not not  Sarte eognes eogne s enogh en ogh to dose o te ob obm m 8/6) Hs to o do asts atr a soethn i an ontooga ontooga  ondtonng ond tonng o eedom' n so a as t a ars r s tat do d o eqes eqe s a given 8/55) 8/55) and t te teeby eby sms o asert ase rt a nd o onoog ono oga a oity oit y o e nte or or te ot' ot' (8/56)  w may s o o o  ba nto  nto th t o edom as ain a ertan ee ltd b e at abot ow n are s tat w an be e ony n reaon to a stat o tn and n  o t ae o tings' (86/566) Wer er tat ta t so s o redo wod be ondond ondo nd b tn tn  Te diie s t e o ate' taodna i sbte dssion s wt o not thee  oetng in he give w  bot (i) ndendnt o my eedom an () denant o y oe oess nd s  s  aty at y wat Sat  d  d y e etahys etahys  o & to dny te ge g g res on ony y  t t  o o  a nihilain and in eaton o soe reey on en o mine ogh ogh  s e at an nnaab and ntnab euum eongs to  in a beingise 48/6) ts esde does not bong to  iuai and in no way ntes nte s to t t  ostitto ost ittonn o o rdo' (87/56) Fay a ate t i n art Two anno b gased in ts bt ndy ndy n a tat we w nd nd o t  aeady a eady oeed and eey onsttd on sttd te iane i ane wi t ns s  s ot y a eiae o at at'' 816) and e n s notin otr tan t ntse niilaed by te o ot tel' el' ot o t a e daum' (8/5678) It wo wod d Sate say b absot ses se s to seek to dene o o deibe te qd" o ts atit "beoe eedom ts ba on it n odr to ar arnd nd t a a dete ned deny' 9/5) Satres ont o staon' (ormay dined at 87/568 se ao 9-60/)  aodngy not tat o a onion o  do  rath rathe e y itaton itaton i an epessin and ealzaion o my ondton  ondtond d eed eedom om It oows oows aso a so ta etions o wa oton  oton o y itao s atity and wat orton s  edom ae iored: anass of m station do no e away ayers o ot inaios sbe anins n orde to diose a ad 

NINN SAS ING AND NINN

deemg deem g oj oj e On h hee onay, a we we w w  ee n §3,   eads ea ds wads wads o sj sj ey, e y, owad he  es es og o gna na oje' ee  s mosse o deeme n ea a a ae wa me fom feedom and wa me m e be eng o e foef (48/58) Feedm and fay r do  the th e apprh pr hen en n n o y ac ac  an omee, sne rdo ty (/5). Sae Sa e dee deen nee of hs h s es e s  e onde ond e haae haa e f feedom me me ha eedm    no med m ed  e  e way o a ogh, ogh,  n, noe a feedom feedom a n o m n a, a, Sae eans, ee s a real ad e  e m  m  my eedom, eedom, oded oded  he Oes ansedene of me e ey a a ha e Oe 5/0 8 ; Oe  aeh aehends ends me me as e Oea Oea jj e e  (54 (545/0 see ao /3 /30 0)) y e of o f s don ao ne n e j ey, feem feem  heefoe heefoe m  mg g  does  foow fom Saes aon a he onay ne  feedm as o ae Te dn wh  eeded s ewee e oooga eedm wh   se se  o eae, and eedom a men rea ang ioaed e eeom eeom wh wh make sbe s be hman agey agey eon e onl l y ad esene esene anoe one one  of feedom  edng moe ey  wa s onay mean wen feedm s aed of as smehg deae, wh an e o  ganed, neae neae  de deeaed eaed e  a en e fom fomae ae   oneon  feedm a se eaze o eeed, and o hee beng ean odons nde w s ea za o ee  ossbe and oes nde w   n,  e eey a seaae mae eg a eaae so, om onogal feem  w ee an aon  onlga eedom eedom a aaby arred over no e o, os onn o onens of aon and bease on Sae Sa e ew ew,,   ae a e s no no e eam o es e s e does n n  ge  onsdea n  (w e nnae nnae e e  ow ow ee, ha Sae oneon  feedm  mndesood as dentyn feedomasea eedomas eaze zedd wh ooga  ooga feedom) Ta o saons ae mon monded ded of aed aed and i  i  sed b b, a m m  o ob objj ee ee se  e, ado adon n anga angage, ge, as ae gende gende nd s s on  s ee ee oe n o way dened y Sae.    dened a ese e, e , e od o a   a a deeomen w w a 

ANG  X

noded wo an oidenia dieon ma not aow emee to be onee ee atia o onitey b e ndiia Wee te web of oa and oia e e in wi e indiia ind mef an be aed a ed n a wa at ee o e e owe o ee em in aodane w e own end (emiia feedom a ia owe o we) ) a ooe o eey etin ee oe oe and aain em (onooia eedom  a fe mate beonin o e oo o ito and o oa an oia heoy wi & & doe not e ato e e te ie ination inati on eno ta ta Sate Sa te ew i no nae t a been ared a we wi ee n te net ate at Sare eie  ndeandin o eedom n i o& wn an a te te ae Sare' Sar e' onen o neand e oi o feedom in i n onete iaion iai on ee e e ' on of freeom to t o be b e ewoke ewoke.. t i i i  obtf obtf a e aont a ont of feedom in & i inoniten wit e moe naned deion de ion o eedom ond ond in e ate at e ae hi hi  ew ta o soial and hisoial bei inoe a non o freedom wi nee nee y y Wat ae ae anno ow ow i ony  an  i wa wa e im in dite wi ae Fren rtait and ot tai nke  at eeo i wtot io nd a te eation o bei to obee te i m meta    e wa wa down   e  a eaion o ineraion beween onooia ea (e aone o oe a beti  a mee mee ef efe e'' of toe tute tute )  §3 4 h g nal pj pjec ec an chc chc  f yse ysel l [P [P Fur Fur hap h ap rr 1  Secn I, 767 767/46 an an  479-1/ 79-1 /-0 -0  nd Pa Fu Fu Capt C apt  2 Secn Secn   7 76 6//64-1 64-1

I m be eed a wie Sae' aont of eedom ee o edae e t eon aa tandoint te eree eree o agen onio onio  o tem temee ee a an an oe to make tee i ao a o a nee nee  o o yooia yooia  enation enati on  om e nonraa tir eon andoin Do we in tat on et ae o eintoe te ooia oneon o te mena (§) reaed by Sate If o en the eee o feedo eed o i ndet o a eat ea t obeaiay et in oo oo  ion to an obetii i ew of e ena wi i 6

ARR ING ND NHNGNS

elly indsensale e clenge  Satre teefore s t sow tat eedm n ee lo in ts econd acit, s te ass f theortal ndestanding f te tself Te ectn Estential Pycoanlysi (Pt  Cte  Sectin  oens wit a cte  te attemt to elan ndidl in famlar cological tem Psyolog st nalyes te jet int c mttonal to and dssitions of an abtact nd and ten aeas to ndt ly ted scologcl tyes nd sclogca lw n orde to cnstct elnations f inddl instne of beo (ote tha Satre as n mind ee nonedctnst ntentinl ychlgy n d redctie natalism een ases  nclded /) oldng sde s a priri metascl oectns to c teoizng Sate ncenttes on te ont tt tis ste f elanton neesaril temnates t te stlation  ine lble orgnl giens  or emle ambtion a need fr ntene eelng  t ojectn to wc  not tat we teey fail t sty te ncile f sfficient eaon  Stre accets tat e ae t sto mewere t s te ery cntngency f ea estence (0/)  bt tat tese iredble are  te rong sor s ng as ambton f ntance s nceied s  proprty smeting w may ae been eeed om scial o yio ll ater its rlaion t te sbect and ence meaning s necesaly nintellble and te eanton i a ale Ste de ten s clearest etatement in B& of te teis  The Transendn of h go concenng te noncnfmity f man sjectity to sjetredcte metyics, ging tt ti meics entl one f two eall nccetae concetns o te man sject, as eite n nlfied sbstatm   ndle of dres nd tendencies (1) Elewee te altente ae eresed  thse f ndestnding myself eite s a sorting s tane for a f a stance deed  te meanng of it mdes o s a ozntal l  enmen (/3) Wat e need Stre clams i a vrabl edcile tt i an edcile f wc te redclity wld be evien to s (0/) nd ti e laims n only e  ree unaion' () S we are led to te concet f a nt oignl oect (1) r ndmenta ject  is ely 62

AN  

indida an ni o ac oitf (/0) To a an ndiida n t i o ir origina rojc acodin to Str s o a  otaity of s  owad bing s origna aion o if o  word and to   in c  wa hor at ti wo an b rdsco in ry a  in ac ncination n a ndncy t on sses f ot ao o a dirn an' (3/0) ntion i ad ary n & of e notion o a sin sdinin oic  ..  rg aon and in ani con oning  ni an iary ojct wic constit my bin' (39/)  b t is ony in Pat For a Sat as o i and aris s sta n Sars st stan o t o (a Fo Car 1 , Scion I /3) t origna oic ofys e chix originl  moimm (/)  sntd a a coonn o t oy of frdo on wic aow a s nod n §3 o  an accont o t osbity o an actd oi n t cond ntaon (Par o Car  Stion I /1) Sa oid i w n indendnt arg n nay as w a n at i i ny coaib wit t rai o t an sbjct a a sona ny wic ry ma or o sooia anation dstoy W can tink of o oiina coi Sar says borown an anding a cont fom ant a  oic of an nt igb caac so ong as  idnify s carac it t ni atn of  sbjt's ca isnce nd do no oca t coic a an ontoocay rio an distinc el o ona stnc or nonscio sbjtiiy (3 /0 80/9).  w ak hn t origna oic o s i ad Sat' anw s tat i i conoranos wit  s o t fos in ion nd o i ad a  im tog nt outi ti w mst onci of  oriina coi a nod in ti and as bin on w t ni o t t stas' (3)  oiina co is nit nstantanos no co tni it an nir l b i consanty rnwd' (80/0). gan i w ak hy t origina oic of sf i ad  wy it i hat coi and no anotr  no answr can b in n ts o mobiles or mot sinc s arad so a coic o sf (/39)  origina oic canot ow 1

SA'S BNG AND NHGNESS

be eade as epve o easons and ases  s a sponan eos inenion' of ese wiin is own omass (40/4) e oie ms oneqeny epes a meaning whi ee ony o se an eqes no nepetaon (4/-) , s nei biliy deiin fom e fa h e oiina oje is alwys he oine o a oion o e obem o being' (3/40)  oigna hoie eeoe nes ae noes e es o e neeion o eia fo deeminin e meanin of my emiia oies (414) The oina oie onses a nonutantial aolute  (un abso non sbsanie) (48)  deiion aied in e Inodion o oniosnes (ii/3) oh i is e also ae empases a te oe ms be appehended as ujuabe' and s in anis in so fa as we appeend i a no deiving om an pio eai' (4/) As eads o nowedge o o ona hoe aes posiion is a we ak epii ei (anayi nd di eeniaed) knowede o i  neeaiy ine  doe no it in peoneed aempoa fom n ode o be sbse qeny ealized  b  we ae nonei onsiosness o i wi (sine o being i peisel o oigina oie') s simp denia wi o seonsiosness (/0) Impoany is eains why we do no eeiene o ies a he nolding of a sip wi wi we ae aea amilia wy o esene as he aae o hooin osees ie o esonsibiiy and no of beghoe' (44/41) and wy in a ompe ene wi ae desibes wi ae an pei so ( /44  and 40/48 ) ada modiiion' o e oigina oie o me i ossibe Beae m oigina oe o mse e nethe in m pas no osde m empo aiy ee is no eaon wy a ea inan o my aking i  and noling i I anno bea wh an eese my peos pojes  by qiin mblin o waee  a he same ime i my oiina oie i e total (ae an meey e pa) aen in m empa oes an  is paen as e aae o a esa ae an a siowad ieaion en i anno siy be sid a I now make o beome a  fee oiina hoie  any moe an a noves wo abp anes e deton o a po eeb wies a diffeen noe   qi ambin  eonfie my pas wi now aqies 1

RA DN   X

the meaning enonced' s t may be t I can modify at any instant wat  ak my ogina ojet to be bt my oiina rojet t is not ina determined so ong as  am sti able to make oces and to that extent cannot be said to be ether mofiabe o nmodifiable he conet o an oina coie o sef oides therefoe Sartres e to te chaenge of accontn for the ossbi ty o syoogia exanation, by aowing feedom to be explanatry (Sate ate descrbed eacty ts as te aim o his bioa of ean enet I hae tied to do the foowng to indiate te imts of schoanaytial nteetation and axist exanaton and to demonsrate tat eedom aone can accont fo a eson in s totait') 35 Respn iily f e wld [Pa Fu, Cpe 1 , Seci  ]

Te extenson of the teo of feedom whi Satre makes n te shot tird setion of te eedom hate is dramati and desite a bief intmation at 43/4 nexeted Sarte infoms s tat man s esonsibe fo the wod (55/3) not meey in the genea sense tat the ben of a wod eires eingoitsef bt at te eel of te nvu oitse  am resonsibe fo eerting, n fat exet o m ery esonsbity I nd msef enaged n a wold fo whi I bear the woe esonsibiit (55/4) te esonsbiit of te oitsel extens to the entire wor as a eoedwod (5/4) What might inne s to take tese ooatie emars at ess tan fae ae  to think fo exame tat Sartre s ofer ing hee a fcton wth some sot of exhortatie o eate fntion fo o ethia dsositons not a iece of metahys s  s Sarte's statement at the otset tat his remaks ae mar o inteest to the eticst' (5538) and his se at some laes of te onjntion as if cme  (as if I boe te entre esonsbiit o this wa' 55440). Satres dea wod ten be omarabe to eses amos lfeaffmatie do tne of etena errene wi Sarte mst ae known and which is geneay aeed not to be a osmooical thesis bt rate a othetca toht te entertaning o wch has existenta imot 

SARS BEING ND NHING

Sats ttn n cag us sps  th w s ctanly t pug us  a cta atttu, that o takn s tac m  lvs n th gunds that ts ac as  cmps y accnt  hstcal tnaty g t smthng a ut a atalst ang  t ct wu  a mstak  Sat says ut caly tat h s takg th w spsty"  ts dna ss as c scusss (o) g t ncntsta auth  a vt  an jct (55/69) an csdatn o t thss  w spsty shws t t  a tl a dsl vpmnt  hs ty  m ay th tss that ach s spns  th w ca nt  undsto n th sam ass as t spnst tat ach as  thmsvs snc th wd s nt gvn t m as a nthnnss und th gatn  avng-t- ut at a ng n vn on th ass that th ct-w s sujct- pnt sc watv st t s that Sat ultmat wants  tl aout bjctvty (§1), h s nt a mpca ast and hs pstn s that th ts stands v ad agast t bjctv alm, as t actct clatd wth ts dm (§3) Wol-spst must th cm ndctly h lwn pt s n th u  Sat's dscus sn spsty  the w vs m m spnsty o my , a spsty  my wd m t c satn that t s th mag  th  cc  mysl (/63) Nw ths mgt a us t thnk tat th thss  wld-spsty s smpy a gca mpcat  Sats ga-pjct ctn a tat ths s a that pvds t wth suppot Athug t ntamnt s ctay am y Sat a ns, t s m gg n  ts sct, a t s mptat that wldspsty su cv ndpt suppt ( nly n  tat t shud t  ta t pv a reduo  t a  a gnal chc  s) ats amatn tat I am sps  th w  th ss  g ts auhor s mant t ta tat ts wa s my wa ut nt  cus that t was  wh cad a (554/69). Wat s ths tascndta sns  authsp cumspnsty t s st t  mmb tat th thstc  dstc canddat  t ws autshp s cudd (s §4) that 1

RADNG  

t wol o Sat's accout os t smply ct ts o my passty a tat  cat  wospsty o th us that  a tm m b npty  t wol a aay ta  a cto o omat m pltss Stl t may  as Wy o  ha t tak  ot  uas-pactcal atttud  Why ca't  jut thk ctm paly H s t act o tmy wd' (Gat pap tat ts appaanc  pstmcaly contoa o my ujct t, but tnkg oth aut ustos  spnlt) H yt aga Sat's jcto o atuam a al sm  cucal  Sats w w tat ttca cto is a pt ssucnt autoomous m o co cousss t wol  my t ojct tn t wou  o compuls t atttu t w yo han knowl--t Smlaly,  t wd w th ssntally ohuma natu o phosphca atualsm thn a Sat ots (/69) a lat  spsty t t wul  u t But th wd log to human rlit a as w saw  § ad §19 gto s my a sustuctu  t ato  t otl to th -s t al caat o wc s pcticl  t s bt po a say   al tm tat th wd  tought u patcal cats T mas tat somtg must l t otws mpty spac wch appas w  m t tugt o tat w stas t t w  a ato  sponlty O ths accut t uustalty  t otsl (t ak o as  ts tc) a  t wol (ts my g, cgt chaact) w cmmo s may tak pcs as ao  rung wolsposlty ( dd ot ask t  ' 555/6) ips o to ts ppst bcus  am t t oua t o my  a s must tactaly tak up th wd o wch  p  o t sag my latto ad bcaus th wold as t sucy  Spozas  Sustac a nally bcau t s notg l that mt assum sponlt o t wl  am ol t  s Put htl ty Sat clam cocs at ms w w pcat at s ol  m tk my wol t  mn ad t  that, caus asm s to  jct (t wld s ot m y tu  ts imigig  m o o ts otiig m spat-tmpoall tc) th at must a 167

SAR   

a chaact whc s th inenl an cticl and that onl sm concptn modll on spnsty  at  a a ty ntmnat kn  pos an appoxmaton to what ns t  tought Not nall that  Sats thss o wlsponslt stands npndnt o s thss  th ognal coc  s thn ths tw xtnsons  th t o dm can  ga as mutualy sppotng ontly th cnuc to an ontaton wch pclus commn atttuds  ms o gt  xcus (556/64)  wlng n count-actuas an ntng uss wt unactaz tajctos that ou s cl ha takn ut  not n so on h sult s an xtadna stllaton nd sntss  stocsm wt nn s act sltmnaton t mans t  cns wth th nw attu ospon sbty  th wl yod ts cattc o n nong m alnaton m my cntngn-  has ot-gang moal mplcatns Sats w w w s n §4 s that t os whch s wh s wspnslt pats cmpan wth Ntschs tnal cunc § Saen fred ppas

Th octn was put  on o Sats alst ctcs, Ga Mac tat hs noton  m s nxplca d p unntlg an that  tatng om s mnpsnt n hman alt Sat dass t As an ntal act ths s unstanl, ut nthng n  c gang t alu o Sats t o om unt t s com la xatl wat h s an s nt sang an th tho has n st n t contxt  ot Sats phosophca pjct an t pom  umn m as such s s t lag   to  xcut h ut th a som mptant pnts wch can  ma nd add t t svatns ma n Chapt  gang th gna mth olgca cut psnt y th polm o om an Sats acal spons t t st cncnng th ssu  xpcalt and ntlglty t nds to  mpas tat what s to nt as plsophca xpanaton o s au must  latzd to t cntt t han  an tat Sats nt sgn s to pston om 1

RA NG  

as a na elanan and t plan wy t s mstan t tnk o dm n th na anayss as an lanandum  any st s mans nt that t cncpt  dm s satd n ndnaty ut that t s lcd nt hnta atns wt t undamnta cncpts and t masu  sucss  ats staty s tat w sud ac a pont w ts m nto n ant as ty do  clams  n hs acount hus dom chc natn tmpasaton a a n and th sam tng (4654 Cc and cnscusnss a n and t sam tng (465) Wat w hav pssd n Pat w n tms  ack can  ust as w pssd n tms Jdom' (5656 hs s t onpt o dm a stan status n a ton to dnay mpcal cncpts ut Sat acknwdgs ts and pans wy t s nt plmatc n s dsusson o t ssu at 484 dm can av n ssnc o to cgnz t as avng n wud  to mak t a uasojct  t concv t as consttutd l a don  an actn  and th ustn wuld tn tun as t wat pw s spons  ts cnsttutng natng an nnt ss Wat po sphcal ctn can d n plac  dntyn an ssnc  unvsal s to  us ac ly to m patua conscusnss (4851 and spccaly t my stnc as dsclsd n non-ttc ptv cnscusnss w dm s aspd as a pu actua nssty (4/1) W pssss t a ctan cmpnsn  dom (49/54) wc cspnds n act dg and knd to wat ats mtapyscs  dom mps t s pospay pssl t achv t s t  notd ow Sats vw accds wt t pcu la pstmy  dm u nowld tat w a  as t sam mmdat and ctan yt cntntss and tans pant chaat as u knwdg  ou wn sod and stnc unng ctn n mysl n an ndavu t ocat wat t s aut m o wthn m that mas m  nssay  com up wt notn ntng that  culd n t t tug ntspton  nn ntuton could b my dom Knwdg tat w a  ntas tat ou dom must av a gund yt w can av no dtmnat cncptn o 

AR EN AND NNNSS

tat un On ptn wu  t ntpt t pstm g  u m n tms  u pssssn  a spca kn  dea n wthut an mpca cntnt an whc th ncssa snsy cntns n uman knwg  u v gaspng as azd t whch w a atna ud t cncv usvs n t gt  n pac  ts statg whch s Kants Sat nts u m wt th md  ng whc h cas nthngnss an n s ng tansats a phnmngca chaactatn (m s cntntss an tanspant) nt a mtapsca xplanatn (m s gun n ntngnss):  wn  t t gasp wat my  m cnssts n  n nthn tmnat  ntn ut t sap  m s and t t stutus  th tsl  tn th und  m m cannt  antng t tan m v xstnc an m  ng cn nnng Sats ag pmscut wt t ntn w saw n § that Satan ntgca m s nt ntn t cspnd t th m  wc w spak na whn w tak  a psns m as un  t capacts an pws  as ng suspt t ncas an cas t an  ptca ms as avng gat  ss sp Smal ntgca m s sscatd (at th psnt sta  nuy) m t ntn  m as a d T mnsnc  ntca m s nt mp th, t asuty  asmnt tat wu ha sut  Sat a clam that savs a nt n n  mancpatn aus t m s aad cmpt at sa Sats ty  m s ntn t  ntacmmnsnsca an accptanc  t ntas vsng u ugmnts  spnst an cupaty pasng an lamng n a dnt pattn, an gvng nt psc gcal xpanatns  uman havu m ts pvusy ga as ct (A scn and stnct st  cangs cs thgh t appcatn  xstnta psyhanass : s §1 an §) Dtmnng th mpact  Sats ty n nay tught s wv nt an agth stagtwad matt Gaspng ntgca m s nt k makng an mp ca scv n a pa wt sa us scv  t uqut  sxua mtvatn  Maxs scv  t  170

RA H X

 enmc mtvs n etmnng sstms  ma and egus e t s a phophia svey whch ets changes n ent was at dent evs n th st pa, t cts an evythngandnthng tansenntal change whey a  human alt n ne sens emans the sam whle ng cast n a new nnempal ght, such that we assm espnsty  the wd Send t entas a  ental and sectve hange n u psychgca and patcal escptn an evauatn whch nvvs epungng sm (detemnstc) nceptns and mds  thught Ptns  th angag  dnay pshg a equed t undeg atn at east t th extnt that th genn sens  pedates such as azy hmsual, etc, and jugements  psychgca capacty and ncapacty must e egnz as eusve an etemn me ney B&N s nt nlue a uek  evsng nay jugment an Sate's the y plans why t wu nt  pssl t daw ne up:  ntgca eedm s a tansndenta nt a psyhga npt then n algthm an  pvd  extatng etemnate empca mpcatns m t t th etnt that ths eavs a gap n Sates th t s ne that hs ctn ma  hed t ll The th hange mae y ntga e m whch psuppss n gasp  phsphal they s epessed n Sates cncept  pue eetn (see §) whch es t a nnsusv, nttv dscv  ns wn ntga em a pvge eve cgntn  the st that entals a hang n nes patca entatn   Sate's scussn  em s mpaed wth mu  th cntempay teatu n the tpc n s stuk  the asnce  any explct een  Sat t the them  atnat hs s nt eas Sate thnks the s n nnctn  eedm wth easn: as w hav sen asn s mpehned ml wih Satean edm n s a as t s pesuppsed  th nt  m moe an in that nsttts atn nthng wthut atnalt ud hav the caacte  a pjct hat at des nt talk  atnalt as a nsttutve cndtn  m has seva panatns Sate des nt thnk  em n tems  lng gaps n the ausa d wth asns  atn n  easns as lmnts n 17

R ING ND NHINGNS

pycologica squce.  mo gena aec om B&N o an cuo o ao o atoaty  i pat a c to o a attitu to pitmoogy (§8), a  ot pat u to t act tat  mtooogy a mtapyc mak t uncay o m to vok o poso o a pad  acuty o ao in oe to xpla ow we ie om animas an ot e eg Utmatey Sat give o epdt accout o atioaity a a tict capacity cau  ega t a mging cssay wt om: om i utm poiity o teminato, ad a uc coitute the spae of eao - wc  wy ingits a ut ts pac, i can t av no lack ason Soty w wi  t pcic s in wc at accos poity to om ov ason (§§8) On a avouae stmate tn at to o eom scaps t cag o unitigity a auty, a te cas o uman eom mae  B&N is tog oug to t t u o agumet oto toe wo y tat ee om ts  t om came y Sat  wic cae t wol  ecsa,  o to cage ats accout, ete to o atnative accot o t gou o eponty and te appaty itctv caact o uma existenc, o to mostat tat t notion ae uo § ad fai Pa One Caper  ein  ]

 aw n Pat (B) tat at ega uma motivation as avig a metapyical ouc n ti caim go ack to  aom tat coscouses ca eiv t motivato oy om t (§3) B&N pents a ta toy o uma motvatio i vea tag, t st o wc  te to o a at (mauvae o  t t o te two cto o a at (Scto ) at ktc t patt (conut) o a ait  a ie o potats Bst kow  te wait wom ate ci a tivng to  i ng a pue caatio o t esnc o watnss A  eavo em to u a gam    t wat  te ca pay wit s coto  oe to rae t  ek to e a ca wat n t s  wc ts kw s a ikw (59/99) A mo comp case  tat o a woma o a at, woe compao taks  a ut wo m  ot 172

 NG  X

mad up gadg th qust  how sh should spnd to hs sxua nttns th yung woman avs h had th but sh does not notice he avg t   ] th hand sts int btwn t wam hads  h companon  ith cosntg no sstin  a thg   .] Sh has dsamd th actns  h cmpao by ducng thm to bg ny what thy a that s t xistg  th m o th intsl   sh ass hs as no in (comm tant pas) h ow bdy and sh ctmplats it as thugh om ab as a passiv obct to whch vts ca hen but hich ca ith pov thm n avo thm bcaus a ts possbitis a utsid  it (5569) uth instacs a giv n th om o a cmp actc (6606) tn th hmsua motivatd by gut and a o publc condmatin to us t daw om th acts  hs bhavou th concus hich thy mps (6/10) a th champn o sncty who ugs hm to conss his hmosuality on th basis that dog s wi ct in him a stascndc ndng hm a (incot) amagam  dom a psychosual thighod (651 06) What all ths cass (ad that o th psychoanalytc anays an s §) av  commn is t that ty nvl outght sdct  that wou b a vy stad dscpt  th wat o o th chapin o sincy  but that thy a iv coscousss o huma subjctivty n th thing tms o bng-intsl This cnscusnss is inendd, a o ject  th tsls a bad ath manists a choic mad nt n t ctv voutay v but p-ctivy as a spn taus dtmatin o ou bg (6/10) Ad bcaus vidical conscusss o s is ta at th  tiv v th thoy o bad aith potcts Sats doct that sldg s nscapab sug that psnal sons bty mans why intact (Bad aith s th st m  whch dom as t aim tsl th scon  thca alu in th cas o bad ath it is th otss w m hich it als t am whi i th thcal cas t s th dom o ths s §) 3

RR BIN AND NINNSS

Mauvase f an slcpto o ot, th, xpss t sam ccpt Slcpton nams a pmatc con uatn o s a (auay) ntntons a pattn  psycoogca atutns wc w  t ncssay t mploy  som nstancs a at tou as mpyd y Sat n a m supca dscptv sns w t mans smp an uhy a psos o n hnst wt tmsvs', s n ts ul ma a stcty thtca cocpt o Sats nspa al om hs maphyscs o t uma sujc Nvtss t cncpts a tk  a ast sm nstacs o ad ah nvov patnt scptn  a th ssus th as a connct vy csy Sat s ully awa o th paaxca caact o scpto n h sps t out n tms so ca hat s dscptons a n uot y posophs pusung t chan  ntptg t popostna atttus wc scptn nvovs n npaaxcal tms An t Sat os not g t p t wth a oma souon,  t sot tat n ns xpod n t a atu n sl cptn Wy s ths Sat wss to au that h ny way o gaspn how th atttuds  ustn a pss s y aspg t uma sujct as a nonsncal ots  t paaox  scpton s as Sa supposs oma su, tn ths s st to as m,  t mas hat h actuaty  scpton puts ps su o t tatna mtapyscs o t human sujct t os so, spccay y sow tat  must  unstoo not as a psychooca act ut as h pmatc stuctu w saw a  § hs cncpt o  Sat agus n Sctn , aws us t gasp t conns  h pssty (68/10  a at As a puts , th at o ad ath  mann: t sanc w tak twads  a uh th mann n wc w cnstu ha  s o us to v, n s a as w pusu a pjct n a at  conssts n tmnn tat onpsuasn s th stuctu o a cnctns (68/10 A ths s pss ony n ht o th sstuctv tooy   e se t pm tv pjct  a at s th usatn o ths sstuctn  h act o conscousnss' (69/10 th sut sannhatn  ad ah    n d not to v an   not v  er to '  xsts at th ass  a ath (60/110 174

AD  X

h mtaphyscs  t ts tus xpas ad ath at tw vs o  two spcts (1) t xpas t dxastc hw o s ptn t at  a at and () t dts th w  ad ath, vz. th d  comg -ts n t vsty  condut n ad at, ths can comn  dt ways ()  n o comng -ts may  pusu t own , th oastcay (t hmosxa th camo  sncty) o s dxastcay at th v  cscosnss ath tan  (t wat) () Bomn nts may  moyd ntrumntl n a oct wos d s ovd y mtvs dctd towads ona, nonmtapsa ds (t woman on th dat) O () ad ath may cnsst smpy n t at o ad ath, as  t as o day non-Satan s-dcpt wh  twst my s at t st  som oday mtv a mpy no ot nnxastc tcqs o xamp  v that  am ouagous w I now that  am not.  at tst o ad at t aso wy Sat dws o t at sc an ay pont  B&N s to tat t pots  t lmt o day psycogy  s not t sycogca act' w ona tk t s. hs pot svs dvpmt ad at nvvs at a dp v ta th doxastc ontactons wch  at ts sac a pgmtc ctadc to  dom sks t ngat ts, yt t xpsss ts n ths vy skn n §8 w w s th dp tss o Sats n t gt o wc dms sl-ngatn dspt ts ta dctss s mad nt  t sut s to c us t conz that ona psyc oog s ot asc ad autnms  th way w assm t t . On th oday pctu  xpssd n man pstns  t psoy  mnd psyooa xpaatn tns o a oma ata stuctu pss  t xcutn o pac tca sygsms wch cvs ts contt om th patcua s ad ss m y agts t wch s ts ucn dtnd  t vat, nontngnt ss t s thg p to t. S-cptn an ot oms o atoaty s an panato pom o ts cncpt whc t s Sats statgy t pot  d t st tat oncpton wt a posophca chag Sat s t dy tat psyc gca panaton ns on atoaty h accpts that 

ARR   O

ason ath than was o passon  hat s what ncs say mos us t and xpans ou actns. What h ns s th xpanatoy s-sucncy o th dnay cncpton o th ant as a pactca asn a ath accodn t at's aumnt, dspays th ununddnss n atonaty  human acton p  th paaoxcaty' hch chaact s s-dcpton s ay a atu whch unds all human acton ynd odnay psychy w dsco a pax caty' that o dm n th om o th undamnta pojct  om natn ts whch onay psychy cannot ma nt n ths sns dm s yond ason and supps th cndton o any appcatn  onay psychy. u atonaty sts on a om whc tanscnds ason and s not autonomous (At 50/658 Sat dscs th ona choc o mys as  to al oc' a ca synthss' cc s that y whc a undatns an a asns cm nto n' /) t shoud accony,  no sups that u psycooca xstncs ncu ad ath snc om as a stuctu o ts own hch s oad than and ndpndnt om that  ason t usn  asons xpanaty s sucncy s hat mas scptn sm unaccountal' t s to  not hw ts statgy also s at an  o ud, who s smay ccupd n usng pnmna n t d  dnay psychooy py accommodatd n h matx o pactca asnn to pntat t a  ow dnay atona xpanatn sychoanaytc xpanatns o human atnaty a ac to uncnscus pocsss  nd y nonatna aws (th pasu pncp pmay pcss th aws o phantasy c) What t as cncptu ay oscu s th ntac twn ths pcsss and th cnscous o whch s hdn to th noms o atnalty Sat's mtaphscs, y contast a atonaty t  asp as mmannt n ccu bn and ths sos th puzz o ow  a s-cnscous atona n can n thss sund mys' (ny) t atona motatn nay a od n ths contxt n h cncpt o chaact whch at nds nmousy mpotant Sats mtaphysca jcton o th assumptn  undyn mnta dspstns an adn psonalty ntas hs jcton o any eplanato 

A N  

aty  h cncpt  chaact  pnaiy tat and  attun  ndivdua caac  chaac ait w panaty, hn, Sat supps, thy wud pain actin n h way hat h agty  ga pan t akng u, as t cnicua diactic wn th mxua and th champin  sncity w, Sat d nt thnk hat chaac   a ctin wih whc w can dipne  h su cnt y th hmxua an th champin  inciy cann  mpy dppd An n d at hin that chaac asciptins ack obtvit at at acs a ctan ang, t cts d fx what chaactatin a u  m chaactiatin  p n  n tay and  cannt mak t  hat h act  my aviu man whav  wh hm t man (§)   accng  Sat, mapyscay and nt my pychc aly ncsay tha w hink  usv as cwa, , hmsua, htuas, ucc, aiu and s n W a thus k ig n a nv wh knw hmsv t  c tin and nd hmsvs ppua tn wn immsng thmslv in, an ng  t m, h ctina nc which thy stain (h ncsty  chaact pupp,  c, u ing--th s 951/41618 and 5/6) t w hat, n jctng chaact, Sa i n dnyn ha anydy ha v ay n,  amp, av  in c Sa i nt, k h nch mast pang wihn dinay pychica undstanding ut gng ynd   am i t shw hw nay ntns  chaact a inhaid and haund y a nn, which hw tl  h v  v cutny, and which i inpaa m hi dynamc  n human i and t trest wich thy hd  us h impanc  Sa hy  caac i, thn, in (1) i panatn  why w pa th anuag-gam  pna chaactiatin at a, and d  wih uch cty () it dncatin  h intna piiti whc h am cnan,  u cmng t pinc  a pung, usta ng, cnapupiv and vn as capng agth §38 he undamenal po o h foiel [Pa Four, Chap 2 Secion  

h thy  a ah hw th mapysca mtvan  me ntancs  human avi ut n that hman 

AR BEING ND HINGNSS

motvatn p se  utmaty mtaphca at a uman motv d  ack utmat to mtaphsc  ou s, how v, a dct mpcaton o Sat cam that t  mps to an to a conn a mtvaton oth tan t' (/): th ogna pjct o ah ndvdua t Sat pont t,  an ona pojt  bng un pe onl d e wh can am only a s be' qui ne eu  u n  (564/6) Now t  Sat uth cam  a dcton om s mta pyscs o vau (§1)  tat t ot' mtvaton   a ng undamnta kn t  as couns tat t wh to av th mpma ty and nnt dnty o t n-t t  a th natn o t n-t and a pptua van  contnnc and  actcty tat t wh t  t own aton   wy th ps  pjctd n gna a wat th otack n od to bm nt-t (eopouso an t undamnta vau hc pds ov t pojct  xact t n-tsot, that  t a o a ncou n whch woud  th oundatn o t wn ngn-t y t pu concus wc t woud av  t t s th da whch can  cad God h th t way t cncv o t namnta pojct o uman aty  to ay that man  t ng w poct  t  God   ] man undamntay  t  to  o. (566/63)  undamnta pjt  ng Gd  ual  t pojct  ngo-t a uc   uman aty  n ntat wt th inddul na pjct tat dns ach -ts  att  atd t th m a a vaaton on a thm h da tat a sng mtv povd t ouc o ach and vy mtv that w hav may m mpa, ut  anytn m  ad at t t s a potnta conu whc nd t  movd. t  not pat  at' anda to ny that w ant to dnk caus w  tht, o to p on a k cau w a atgud hst and at a owv, a w ha sn, admtt y Sat as pat o  actcty, an do not hmeves mtvat motvatn gn  wth ou conttutn thm a mobil and ony at ha pont d 78

RD NG  X

Sare ahca moiation thi come ino pay P anoter wa   a miake to thik hat Sare otiaona mon cot him to ayn that etahca tcre  the han bec rode dectly a o th content of a ea n for acin Rathe Sartre thei concen (a) the o o a han otation or  he word how a cnent  be codiione  o far a it i mtiationa ad (b) som  the ict conent  han moiaon ad a o the ultimate con ten of r  ipran otation The rion o cncrete prca dire t the namena ere to be d inoe Sartre xan (54) the meiaton  or itaon and yboaon of the oiina choice of e o each indi ua orite in wa tha ca  exitena chanay (§§40) In de to e what th mean maeriay a egad the nteretaton  han ben on ho tn to Sae fcion an biogaphica udie here  hweer  o be n on thi oc n &N n de t how wh we hud hnk t e that  otiation ha th meayca caracte he cam Sarte ao ofe a eae accont  inerpena iaion (§9) an a eatc anayi  the bac caegor i of e (§4) 39 Huan aionshps Pa Th, hap 3

Sare accnt o human reatinhip  ien n Chat  o at hee Concete eatin with th enta what Sarre atmt hre i a taphscal anai  han rationhp a oped to a mee pychoo o athrop og A eate  e mateia  Chaer 3 wa ien in the homeua/icerit daectic (§) which Sate cmpaed t Hee materae iaectic (5/) an t unying thi emed in ate critiqe o H acct of th the (/29) Sat rod diaeeet ith He i ea e ation of  o h n n the oibi of ta rcnition o my recnizing he the a a bect-ecognmeaabect he ma o intebcit accin to Sate  im that on mut ihe tacen th Othe  aow eef to be tacende b hm he ence of h eation betwe cncee i not Mtsein t i conct  (4/5) 1 79

SAS ING ND NINNSS

Sts thss of th tntay pobemic nae o eaion o he he bns oth two nt wich e oiinay diinc b capabe o ome combnaton. Th fst n most mpont i Se aboaion a 8 / of he bas dsjnton whch me n hi ccon of h eiemooy of he h iz onsosnss of th th te obt o ubec (9) s w saw n §1, e ho tht th i  cicui o e ness whh s o o nsbctty. Now th he  Sa p i einfoes his seness hs nfocn tak pc c whn  ncone n h  enone he   ne o he h, and hs ows  to ffnte my fne fom tha of th the  ideniy that se as nt bn my sf s S put t,  efu the fn of he he n hs way, h insbct ton nas wih th eooy o fconciones, and he he nbs m to b yf oe fuy   noy the moe pofond xpeiene of sfhoo th coms fom bn  to y not mey  m  b  am th   am  and nt yu' Th pobem ie becase hi sf-ffmon hoh the mton of the h i poib ony on e condion that he h s  s tht so, cpocy, eue me The he m do hi, ine ohewis he wo no b  sf nd o wod not poid m wih he oppouniy o se-aton. s S pts   k yf notb  bin who i mkn hime no-be me (8/) t thi nd he doube neaon of sf n th  my naton of h th hi ntion of me  e-des 8/) he h enabs m o nfoc y efn b when  ef the h  edce he he o an bt, th ffc of whch s o nmn my fffimtion ine he th i no one a be who ods m wth  sf o f Th foisf thfoe h to oniny euect he he as  sbj n o o p ts oin fffimaion whih noes  sne  hby ffm th sf o h th   ntion of my on f which thn nd in need of -mton, th who poc epain if ad nntum  hs osct bck n foh etwn wo o cond ion  eihe eduin he h o n ob n mn my fdom o bein dud by h he and osn my eom 1

N  

either einfocing m e or being dened a se by he he Thi s not a diaecic  Hege sene, becase it s nee medi aed  no roge s made  ahe i comprse in atre iage a circe o eer-inceain conoton (40) (o sccnc basic taemens o his cotadictoy ocess and he wo rimiie atitde which I a take owards he he, ee 4 ad 408479) Ths eabishes hat he baic moiaiona tance o the o itse wih epec o the her canot be one o inderence: I cano smy ook way om the her The he has soe hng o mie whch I am in nee o z  e renorced senes The coadcion of m feedom ad hat of the her is cien to geneae the inebjecte dynac descibed in Chae  bt it inoe aso a second eement, deriing o he nameta roject o bengo-ite descibed in § This roec Sare demorae asses baoqe ors i he cone of hman eaionshi inesbectit, ince it incooae ecessariy both m being-oitse nd he in ie asec which the ther has besowed pon e, oides a hnn o the ndamenta roject ofeng s a phere n which we ma seek to reaize o aim of becoing initse ortsef or eampe ce i he hes ook I am in-ief and he he i o-ie and my eation to he he is an iterna otoogica reaion, he totlity Iandthe-ther    cod omehow idenif me with it  wod etabih me a i-ie-fo-e Secton  and I the eai o which canno be enteed ino here, show how he diaecic o e an he absorbs and ses the wi mote o seeking einoced sefes and the ndamenta oject o beingor-itse taking concete orm in he pojects of oe and hare, masochism and ad im indiffeence and deire Ve be dicoerin mysef to be osesed b the ther I atem iniia o ecoe my eedo b absorbn o aimiat the the eedom ie he theas-ookingat-me (44)   he rojec o oe (67445) and he in tha o masochsm ( 94457) the necesa fae o hese eneao ead me to atemt o retiee m eeom by intead makn a obect o he the, which take me to he atttde o bindnes 81

RR BIN ND NINNSS

towad Othe qua the eed (380/8 51), t exa dee (389/8), o adi (3990/9), and nal  hae (02/8 ) hoh Sae exoiion ake hi eqenia naaie f he ake it cea tha hee i no qetin of eal teoal pi (379/8) the l  ela in whih loe hae ec fo i in a ene ineaed in a aide owad Ohe (408/478) n Section  of Chate 3 Sae gie hi anai of co ectie t-en-plal cncione, whch, Sate acknwedge, a be thoh  hw not on tha  the f he Ohe i o fa incoee b ao ha Sae i wong o ipion intejectie eation within the diaectic of he ok nce n thoh o  a engaged n a con actn o a ndeoin a coon exeiene nobod i he obje: in ch cae whee m beingfoohe ake he fo of beingothe, tavlaut o Mitsin i apea that  a nt n cni wh he Ohe bt n cnt wth h and ha a econie one anohe a bjiiie (3/8), a e Hee conce of Si Sate a n Secton I  theefoe to e an anai of lect whih ie  i de a a nne phenoenn b defe he bjecin Sate aent i that on he cona coecii o ims the diaectc of tancendingbeinancended he ccal dtncn o Sate ppe  beween tw adc a diffen fo of exeience on he one hand f he w a an object  nousoct o   a when we ndeand oele t be membe  an peed ca  and on the ohe hand of he we a a bje  oussu  a when I expeience inae in bic pace The e, Sae hw ( 3/8), can b aed at thoh addin a witneing thid at o he ie iaion in which  a aone confoning the Othe Thi take pace by ai e, deendin n whethe h Thid,  Ti ook a e o a he Ohe b he fina e in a ae i tha  ake a tanition to gaing oth e and he Ohe joint and eqal fo he utsi a coin an bjec e tatin-om in he wod f he Thd  exi enaed n a fom whih ike he Othe  aee o conie e We ae fighing each othe ( 8/8) 82

ADN  

The nousuj accordin o Sartre (43 495)  an et n itation where  enae wih anacre bject:  exape a bway n te e () that we who wih o tave  Sve-abon t chane a La ottePicqet or that he ex  t y (o) e The ar an itatn o ch exeri ence ae that  n ye ae at not n the ree o y peona project, bt on in  a a  a an nderen tate anody an exepictin o the han pece or qulonqu inee nto he han trea (4450) Sch anonzed expeience o onee  theore b Heideer a the The (a Man a in he eran atce mn r the rench on)   eetn and ntabe atre a an certan doe ot rvie ona Hedege a onation  concione o the Oher So ahoh we-concone i rea n the ene tat there ae nee pin o the we ana o thee evea nthin inconitent wih Sarre accont the nouo i a ie enrchent o the benohe expaine n Satre theor o the Other whie the nousuj  a pre bjectie expeience whot etaphca incance (450) The pho  the chapter  theee that the veen n which an nva orte cn prordia vz  nhan ht ro the nte be  wih a cnter oveen whch pt the t int revere a oon a he Oher appear he orte i entey reaprehended b the in-ie and xed n inite an eceve a bennte-in heo-he-wor a a hing ang tn  percaton n nte b the Other oo  e pron eann  the yh  ea (493050)  Sartre heory o cncione o he Othe  corect then the ict  cear. hogh ndvda ay acae cce in ceran nrenta read   a hep e t ove h warrobe   apear that han eatonhip a u ae ncapabe o en n two repec (1) interb jectve dene end (eg he acheveent o a haron partnerhp baed n ove an a repec) are etaphc a neaabe an () han reatnhip cannot ndo the aenation ro e whch  eecte n e by the ona pre  the Other et aone  the eeoo o he or e b copen y cct o ene 1

SARTRE'S B  O

To what extent, though, is this dark concusion strictly unavoidable in Sartre's terms? It is true that, in abstraction, awareness of the Other-asobject and of the Otherassubject are strictly exclusive, just as a ight must be either on or off. But as Sartre emphasizes (408/479), the foritself cannot fx itself in either one of these conditions to the excusion of the other: rather they represent oppsite, and mutually presupposing poes of intersubjective experience; intersubjective ife consists in a perpetual movement back and forth between them, and consciousness' reconfiguration in one mode or the other is typ icay not instantaneous but a temporally extended process. To that extent we might reasonaby think that the seesaw of objectication of/by the Other is not the only possibiity, and that a mode of intersubjective consciousness which holds awareness of the Other's subjectbeing and her objectbeing in some sort of equilibrium is not unimaginabe ( just as Sartre says of facticity and transcendence that they are two aspects of human reaity which are and ought to be capable of a valid coordination', 56/95). What does foow from Sartre's metaphysics is, first, that this equiibrium, if it can be achieved, wil never amount to a  synthesis (302/364) contra Hege, the origina tension wi never be overcome And second, it must be acknowedged that, so ong as the foritsef's engagement with Others is determined in accordance with the fundamenta project described in §38, he seesaw is inescapabe So, if equiirium can be attained, this w not e because it is the natura state' of the foritsef: a motivationa counterforce to the fundamenta project wi be equied to se the teeoogy of intersubjective reations off on a new tack, and this on Sartre's account can be suppied ony by the armation of freedom (see §4). If this is correct, then the chapter on concrete relations with others' shows us so to speak the defaut setings or raw eements of intersubjectivity, the overcoming of which would take us to ethicay mature sociaity, which is not described in B&N but beongs to its ethica seque (see §44) What B&N has shown us is that ethica sociaity cannot be based on sympathy' or ove for feow man', and can be achieved ony though a neg ation of the circes of confict described by Sartre. At the same time, Sarre's account aows us to understand etter certain -

18

RADNG TH TXT

important enclaves of intersubjectve eperence  including (at least some) seual relatons, and catastropc assonate patologes in uman relatons  as regressons to te conflict ua foundations of intersubjectivity Te elanatory strategy which Sartre employs ere, of reversing common sense by frst analysing wat are by its ligts abnormaltes, s of course car acteristic of B&N §40 Existential psychoanalysis [Pa Four, Chapter 2, Section I, 568-75/655-63]

Eeryting that Sartre as told us about te ndivdual's ori ginal choice of sef is strictly compatble wt ts unknowabiity: it is possible that we can make out our orginal coces, at best, only partially and indistinctly Sartre's teory of freedom would be in no worse positon if tis were so, nor would t oblige us to treat the concept as merely regulative: my orgnal choice of mysef can be fuly real, even f my endeavours to grasp it  to say what my lfe means or amounts to  eave a resdue of surd unintelligibility Whie empasizing its difficulty, Sartre does consder how eer that the task of determinng a person's origina choice can be pursued wit some success, te necessary means being proided by eistental as opposed to Freudan or emprica' psychoanalysis In an earlier important passage concerned with the differ ences between eistenta and empirical psychoanalysis, at  5860/5357, Sartre declares that he restricts himsef to tak ing the psycoanalytic method' as his inspiration and that he appies it in a reverse sense' (589/536) In Part Four, Chapter 2, Section 1, Sartre states the methodological principles of eist entia psycoanaysis (5689/656), and describes its similarities with (56971/6579) and differences from (5715/65963) empir ica psychoanaysis It emerges that the methodoogical overap with Freud is con siderable eistentia psychoanaysis centres on the hermeneutic deciphering' of the symbols' of psychic life, es conceptu ay the meanings derved therefrom, understands the human subject as a historica structure, regards the event of infancy as crucial' for psychic crystallization (569/657), and accepts as significant data dreams, bungled actions, obsessions, and 1

RR BIN ND NTHNSS

nss' ansid h hoh and ccef actions of wakin if (553) Th diffeence ae that stnta psych anayi ai fina at th scy f a ho and no a se (53), aks sybizain o be of on oiina pct, and diae ecanica caait at a s (0)  a eqied, accon t Sat, i h sbc i o b eated a a totai and n a ccin (585) Sat said, many yea ate, that in hs bahca sdy of abet, h e f whch w fnd n &, h had waned to gi th da  a wh whs sfac i compt cn scs, whi h  i opaqe to ths cnscsnss and, wiot being pat f th ncnscis, i hiddn fo o Sate's ana h  h ak of opacit, concsnss as yin a he fac, hidden conents  s s dn f Fed ha i ay be aked whth Sat as ih o ooe hi way of thining n  s shay  edian etaychoogy, a w saw hi d in §25.1  e diffeenc at th nd f h day bween Fed nconcio and th d cnsiion of he bect bght t iht n xisnia ychoanayi ea so ea? Cd h diffnc of he two conction phaps b my rinooica Te anwe i that f th pn f iw of coon ene it s nata ha Sa and ed hod aa o cs, sinc bh da ay fo odina pschy, and in s iiay eiiona wa. t thi phishica diffeence i iedcibe Sats ds coain aaint chanayic thy s ha i fai o conider ow what it cas th ncn cis i reened i the prspetiv ofonsousess Thi i no h inchn dand ha i hod psnt h ncnscis as cnscisn, b h eaonab dand ha i shd xpain o  how w shd hink f  a bing reated t  s  sm anwe i needed to th qstin Wha is his Us fo me To h xnt hat d has an anwe o i qeion it i that I shd hink f y Ucs. tho nata iic enes and hs in h sae way ha the th wd iw y na sa Sae ha a diffnt answ  he qe in His iae of an oaqe wh psnd  concione i he ae a that whch h moyed in The Trnsndn o the go in xpinin hi heoy of the e as tanscndn,  whch has deod into &Ns hy f h Psyche Wa 1

AI  

Se er theeoe,  a w of thnkng ab e cnen of  nconi whih make  inebe that the con en re e T accont eoe e pbe  expann ow ncniou ena tae ae pbe b iing  uncn ci the me  a m ate and quaie An he e, ehica oance  t   coe at Sae exitenti econeazion o pcoani fob me nkin of  nconi a men behn  back ha expee ie n a ce-ke anne through he eu  m cnione: i a inea th  nnc s ine n in   a I ee e t up §1 ng, avng nd beng [a Fu Cape 2, Sein II]

The maea n o obec of e a we n he re ee:  can eie th pe o tha pen, o wt a ne   go f a wak, t qe knweg  nco an expanion, t be a w eae  a wate, an o on. Sae eaphc impe, hwee, th he hmn ubec oe achng eie   be intoite (§8) Wha nee t be own heeo  agan, n e t pec Sae etaph ic   terori eion   hat Sae otaiona ni cn be qe wh he uiicty  kin o deie aibe n conene phog. Sae ae accin, n he ect Don an Han Poe, a w () 56/4 A deie can be eed into the na enta te z. eie t  o ake ie), t hae (vr) an o be (tre) ) 56866: Dee  o o t ake, Sate age, becme ineibe on when the bject retio to wha i ne o a i acted ino th bject o eie (56656) he eaton in qeion i aw, Sate ai, an intance o vr  I ek o hvesine the oct an pho of  doing,  te n teee Th chea pie a to epteic ee  knwege appopiate i obect (8/69) Pa, which n i pue  at an e ine no vr t be neo Sae ugget, wih Schie 87

R   SS

in mind as directed to  nae to  being as absote freedo (5897) -desres can be rdced thee fore direct and wthot remaind eithe to deire or to -desires (3) 58 7/75 88 he eann o osssson of the a tion n whch  stand to obect that   or re  conit Sat are of an interna ontoogica bon which re ize  togh on n a  nnr and at the  e of the eann syboized  the ale beininiteffort se to desire to hae   to deire that - and thi nit ossessor-ossessed inos a serimositio o n-its and foritef featre correonding exact to a for-iteSef   i on the one hnd an emanaton and on the other hand whoy indeendent of me (59 /8 ) Pt anoth way te trctre oesoroseson-osseed i a conceta image of what the han sbjt wod be if it conford to a sbjetrdicate etahyic y h in o ownrhi of obect mirror the haing or ownng of ycoogca states which rests fro th dgadation o conscosness to th Psyche; by ossessing thin  becom symboicay a beng wic exits bstantia as its own fondation e as o -desres ar redibe thoe to -esres n the snse that the ormer are  form o  desir in whic te circt of efnes is estabished b wa o  detor thro the word (598 9/89) Sartr adds that  since the for-itse exss in and hroh the word  deire to be re necessariy acoaned b deire to hae (599/89), e tht  imicates  nstrenty  i therefore te fndamenta and na oma objct of n esire he eslts of Sartre an  re o th interretation of concrete indidas, and oide thereby te first rncies o exitentia ychoanayi (575). It s ssentia for a correct arecaton o Srtrs aayss, that the categor o beng shod be ndrstood in Sartres term not those o comonsns sychoogy nce the notion that  esr aim at being  in ordinary term oiosy ether as or ninteigbe We tend ornariy to oneie dsi in genera a eaboratons and conta embeihent of the 1

DIN THE EX

umena cae o obecece neovae ee e obect an pycooga tae tang n caa ecpot  the aple aie  dioiion in e, wi ue me o ea  Dee wee e en bec  nce w e con tent o obe of e eie, efexe eie, e eae a oneuall ona, a eial ae ae wo cone a ee a we mee fn e epca ac u ne gby (34), evee t oe, mang eext pia an na o e, b mak  a of e ancenen a exanaon o wy ee s uc a n a ee (4) Te foce of ae con n ecton     o caenge the aeqa of o ona uneandng o w we eie an of wa  i  ei §42 he eseal symblsm f s uay [Par ur, Chaper  Secn III

ae accon o ow exena pcoana ay bae e na veon o e fnaena poet of engo tef, an moe eifiall i eo of oeion, inoue symbolsm a a ue of uman ai ae ea e mbo n queon a unecpeabe by e bect m f' wtho ecoe to eea ponai (8) Te euofailue o lfknowlee on e pa o e ubec wc  mpe  my gnoance o e onoogca ean ng cae by my own onete poe  s aoue fo y ae no o ou in em o e unconciou bu n em of e ncon o knowege o concoune, an of ete fo peeete onoune Te fna econ of a ou a a e ae o ae teoy o ymbom ng, too, ay oolol n' (0) an coniue an eena bom (34) wc  foma an  p (667) oowng e eap of aon eld, ae e a e of aicua anae  o now wae ne o  co (e vsueux an oe  wc epan w the top of Secton III  bogt ne  ang of quali',  u  e penoena on wi ae oce ae conue no b e pma o econa quae o aea obec, but by a cean kn of penoea apect pegan w n mmeae, nondiuie, afeive ignicane  oe 

AR   

are xientaly ylic b vre of hir gapngness thir madingtobeilld ec. Unke he bic jc of dire quait are no obects  choc or ends  a projec an s are nt necearily ic reaizaions  beininie-rie r disised wihfmen aher they incarna in an niive snor or vari poibiitie rarn he reation f he fort ef t he in-islf  th limy, r xap i a cncrein f wha i wod be for infor-ef t ner aborptn by h in-its a d of ben he eaning f which wd be ntivalue' (61 03) arr acknowe th coe cnnectin  quat wih chidn conscioness ( 03) exaiy (6340) and he han bo (see 400 rar in ace and bcenty) Qualt occp r he ae onoica nche (ee 60 6) as he trancenden oinal qaitie an neeinobe-caht  he tra icss arlier (§)  hy owe thir exitnce  h sbect ran cendence whi being n no way eher conen of jcivy r projecin herf (0495)  b he differ in s ar as hy are nivera (60), tha i inepnent r he paricar roject f any invidal for-sf he ip of is na adin o th f nlgy i  accon  e atheti enion o h wor  Sarre rrs expiciy o an inividas ae,  heir paricar acive reaion t h ualit f hins a ben ner discion (61406)  an t d o rver in a way whch ows h aeheic o be re etaphyica n he nare of he wrl and hman bjecivt 43 Pu eecin d aicl cversin

Sarre cncepin  exienial pchoanaysis may, in pin cipe alow he han sbjec   made nal intiible,  i oe n offer s a a rm of reaen  i provs a bai r iographical tdy no thapetc pracice he rean r hi s ha in exisenia pschoanai even when eappie, h bect s apprehnded m he pnt o vie f the Oth  as an obt' havin bjecive xenc rater than exienc orite (65) an o n in e mde o fredm, as wl e rqire r a dicain  e jc prjc The sbjec-ranorn roe  reian 

RN  X

pchanay  occpied n Sartre te b h conce n of pe eecton and dica cneron  we aw n 4 ectn deat t the type wch Satre ca pe  acceor () re reflectn b con trat cnt n the pe preence f the refecte fo-ite to the f-tef refectedon t aban fro an hptaza ton of concne and conttting f he che (01). Thogh t  the fnaton f ipe reecton n the ene  beng the oina  of refection eppoed b it (11) pre refecton  neer gen frt n da fe and can be attained ny a the et  a odfcation whch t eec n tef and which  n the fo  a kathar (159) re refectn wd apprehend ben-rtef rect a ack (19/24) a beng-f epou () an n rgna non-btanta eporait ather tan pchic tempat (154)   Sarte der to anothe ace cnderatin  he ot aton and the trcte o pe refection (0/0) and athog at 819-25 Sate decrbe eectn n t gna etaphyca for (ee 1) ery tte i ad n B&N abt what t  to v prt f eecton ae it ha ade ite pre. Sarte de oweer talk abot an eent whch he c radca conein, onveso aale (44 5554) nd whch appea t crrepond t what et when pre efectn  taned and eazed breakng the hld  ba fath radica cneron ne y aking, n angh anther choce of e and  end (4454) the cape and etrpho of  na pro ject in an extraordina and are ntant (475) t 7111 Sartre tak of a ecey f beng ps e l e and f a decptn f concne a radca ecap n bad ath arte hee ca th condtin athentct auhenc (eewhere crtczing Hedegger ndetandng f athenct 5 /651) and at 44 adcal cn ein  nked expict wth ethc Unde-dcrbe toh it ay be te teatic iprtance ofarte cnceptn of a pred elrean  theefe ey geat. Sarte concept  the fote fndaenta poect a dected tward an pbe fon of ben-rtef wth bengn-ite reca He nd Schopenhaer f that prject 191

ARR E AD TESS

pple e oe bona an lae conon o all oaon, hen eaon s he lae f no of lple ercal paons, hen a leas of a nle oearcn  pror ea hal passon. nd ae hae wh chopenhae he ea ha eaon s an nsen of a wll whc s bln, nce, n o fa a e elo o he foelfs aon  eahcally ncoeen he forself  eadn nowhee n psng   ae amaon of e obl o re reecon show ha he also hns  agan Hme, b wh Shoenae  ha hs saon can be chaned and ha e hman bje can n prnle oecoe  ele passon (78) an ha when  does so  wll gan an eal orenaon. §4 ti Cnun tn I 

A fll aon o re (o fng) elecon belon ae a, o an ths (87). arre wa no dob eme o follow he egn of pnoa wok een re han e doe alea n B&N, b ncooran wn  an ecal se. Howee ares aeens abo eh n &N are ere n nmber and eal  ae fro he wo or o pae wh copre Secon  of e Conlon we fn ol a paage on he eclon of ehcal anh b eea oal (3875) a sho son of wehe e oo all nde he aego of ben o of don (4307) ad sellan eos caeed reark (see 8/ /  4/ 8 40/48, 4/5, 44/50 553/8 54/) n e conln enene of &N e poble of an ec  efered o a re wok (87).  s poran noneheles o broach he eon of &s relaon o ehc, snce Sae oes affm a  s possble o ere an e fro he wok and alo bease he clam ha been ae as noe peosl ha he paccal o look whh follows naodabl fo B&N s an nale aoloal bjes propel nsngsable o nl , and f s were e en ae ploopal poson n & wol be seere poblemac. (o ce one eale of he caaceraon of are a amng a eehn who excepon  peed: ael claed a ares docne of e creaon of ale s of a n w Nezshe an a Nezse poson s les nenable beae e 

RADN  TX

t eas bid fwe s Se de no t the isse of ton fndaons) Se eens abo thic n N ne to b ed wih ce nd the eson whch he hae been ken to ake of dica bctm is beed b he sadn nted i oy (§6) o Stes heoy   fed a  theory  feed n  sene  whch wd indeed ip ien the nesence of feedo in the fitef h the ood  e zed n whaee ec he foisef y chooe I d howee, th he fed whih &N tes o  n focs s d so dep ha it can hae no imedite connetion wh ny iic dctrne  on s wn i ies  expe, nehe eanca poics nor  heoy  indid  hs Anoh ta f hsohca efecin  qied bee ny sch pcns cn b excted n in he qeton f wh ehcs   o  n  nce hs frh ste hs bn ddd, we can nt ony xtrate f the x b o iiay tke n condon wo ae wins h e h 19 ec te xitentiai an Huani and the sths phd Notebkr an th fom  48 nd ruth n itence  98. n ddon thee is the otin of kn no accon  wok f eao  h se eod he thic  Abiuit (9) s  oce of en red in (thoh no  cose   stent of) Sres ethca ews The accon f e exined n §1 shw ht, n ne rn sense he dscin of Stre s  bci cod n be wie  he k   he con Ste et hscs f  is bee deibed s a knd f Kanind Pnis ae exsts a  rncnden bjec  conci ns and no n  s exsnce eaphca necssay in eain  ha sbeciit (e  ade to b b h se ncondioned feed which ks e eis, 48), b its necei dees n h n stnc  an ex-sbeci nd naey he nsf a  nd sef he re n  the sbjecis che hweer is of c  t tha Stre is nb  e n reicon n he foisef hice of deterinte e.  hs  s be dised 1

R ING N NINGNS

he key o ehcs, he Coco es   proe b he noo o a freeom whch ake se a a ae or en, which ws a arm a s cocos o ie () A  i p  xitntialm and umanism  ecare ha freeom   ] can hae o oher e a am b ie a when a man ha ee ha aes epe pon hmef [. .  he can w on one h an ha  reeom a he fonaon of a ae Ths s o corse a hhy Kaa oo an he xitntialism and Humanm ecre inokes n a eberae a horoh maner cera conceps of Kans ehcs  moray hs arabe coe b a nersa form, he ac o yin mpie he era ae whch  enes,  m conier my acons as i hmay were o eae sef b wha  o,  cano o w he eeom of ohers we are oe o prse he coecie reaaio o ree om, as per Ka kom of es an o on Sarre reaon o Ka n hi ex s rahorwar howeer We aki pas o echo he aros ormae of Kans caeorca mperae, arre rejec Kan ew ha mora eme cosis n he sbmpo of ia cae er ersa mora princpes, arn ha cocree parcary s nemabe rom ehca hnk The mpres so ie s ha Sarre whes o pho he spr o Kn ehca her whe abjri mch of s eer hoh  s o cear  istntialm and umanism how acion  o be eermne a a cocree ee, wha is cear s a Sarre beees he ehica impcaon of N o be o weaker ha hose of Ka meaphc of mora an no ess ncosse wh a arbra sbecsm Sarre ma be maken  sp ha racca jeme can pese wh Kas aparas of nesa prncpes b he more namena qeson o be coere here s wheher he s jse  hinkn ha he basc sanpo o Kana mora aency  ha s, a concer ha ones reason for acion mee he conon o objec, aken o enai a ransina, mpersoa commme o he reeom of a raona aen  can be ecre o he ba o &N Sce Srre oes no refer o Kas anass f pracca reao, how can he hoe o show ha  m cocee myse a choosin a resone or a men an or mankn a a whoe an accorny cnran m projecs  accorance wih he reeom of Oher 

A DN   T

arre a be rearde a roceedin once aain b eimin ation an in a broad Kanan aion 1 We bein b an a ore that a ahieed re refecon and nderone radia conerion a ea to te deree a it no oner take it concree rojec a e aidatng Ti i te erectionit preconiion of arre ec Wt te appicaion of exenta pcoanai or trou eqiaen ini into an otiation aaabe o te ordiar noniooia bec it wi apear fr terore ta a man actiitie n so fa a he aniet beinorte ndamena roec o becoin od are eqaent and dooed o aire and to that etent t w be thot that t aot to te ae tin wether one et drnk aone or i a eaer o naon (621) One opton mih ten ee to be Schoenaer idea o einain, bt ti i excded  arre eai of e or-tef i e ben o te or-ie is e ben of a roject en on dea can reeae te bject fro he  o ee oo b exnin it reedo T bect  confront the tak o determining it reaon for ation  o anwerin e qeton How od I act  on a bai oniten with the eahc o B&N. 2 Tee eahc enai direct te reecion of a (Patoni, rioean eooica or n oter wa eaphica reai) ron for aue and ao more interei e rejecton o an eor wc reqire or een perit  to epeiee ae in e ode of beinin e (ee 38) Sarre criqe extend aoring o oe fr of mani and inee to teore hat bae e oo on reedom bt conceie freedom in nonarrean term . qa exced (6260)  b arre criiqe o the c conetion o e bect (§24)  i the oon o treain ae a a ncn o affece bjecte ate  arianm, enienait (e Hean) conetion o ae ad an oiton wi (ike Nietce on oe accont) grond jeent of ae on te ae broad kind o bec ie ae a nderie aetei jdgeent, are ndermined b Satre aon of e ereaion o te hic b freeo 195

A BING AN NTHINGNESS

concone cannot fi ise with esire or beoe a peni te o pasion in he way h hese oson reqre 4 om   rncpe of pracca reaon  nderne from eera recon  incinations are, a psychic acs, oiaonay wehtes here s no ubn eo  wo raonze eom meaycay by upn a obec o the ke o whch I so ac and in he abence of any nrn si epirica or ephysc derences of my ben from e Oher ben no jfcaon rean for pregng y ner e oer at of e er The pane of reecon whch & ores  o occuy s beyond eosm and arm () 5 W the moaona ae wpe fu ean, an the asy etr of sef an Other reoed, reedom  a h remns   cane for  e Ad en e neceiy of aato  I mu affr ome ae, an ts ae canno be reatie to  articar se  the araton of freedom per e, n not merey of  freeom foow neceariy  oe o no ony by efa  a t were for wan o anthin better  bt aso becase o the inrnsic ppropraenes o s occyn  fn dena axooc roe freeom  a hat benforef  an freeo  te end-irecteness in the iht o whih quesion o aue are, he ery onooc sff of acon On Sarre ccon herefore no frer eon for pacn aue on freeo  own  freeo s, as we hae een (§§8), anterior to a reaons, nd i w be re medaey nd non-nferenay  a ae by any aent ta ha prifie f t phenomenoogca ion or Sartre   no rmen or oher nds can be en no cre eraon no e ehca oman  eer pobe or neesar the sheer e ac o &N ethca ipcons obe he nee for  frher eparae armenae expoton an efene o the ehca (a pont which oes towards expnn why & h been nerree  ehcy nifferen)  The fn moe wc artre us ake  o the possb y of my ctuy arin the reedom of  concree Oher in a concree siaon  requre ha I be abe o reate o the Oher nonconctu A we aw n §3, toh &N ies he mreo a cofict i te na or o inersubjec , te oc of Sartres posion en ha o ong a I hae renonced he funmena roec of becon o, there is 1

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a poibii ha  w be abe o eae o e Oer-as-sbje wio aempin ei jeaion  e ped orie an n principe rean ono o e nesbjecive n ie qas-ben-inie of he Oe wio rdn e Oe   his s o core n a  ke, in need o devep men and in Sae's po&N ea win (and eavis he th of Abg a he oa a of he dsore o eveain o bein  doeen d r eomes ena o e raionae fo amin reeo and hene eic  is as a e mae ow and wehe Sarre can advane rom he neessi a  sod  e reeo  he Oe o e rone aim ha m eeo prppoe e reedom o he Oe  a ine   eveoped n he oebookor an th and emasie b eavi n he h o Abt  Svion min a  i orec o ead Sae a a kin o Kanan  w eas reeo as bh he naion f ehs and e end wic poper deermine ow I shod a in rea  e Ohe  a rer qesion me ino view, eied b Sae decripion of he nmaive ok pepaed or in &N a an ehis  deiverane and savaon une oral d la dirane t d a (4n84n) e eiio eno i ed b Sae wih ion o ina is ai a e piosop  &N a ipians wh e on e ae plan as eio oine, and er oe a  enas a ea e pssbii o an reaizin s d e ae ai a seem epeia srpisin in view of a a has been aid in &N eadn e eaps ia opeene o e fndamena proe of he -ise even i radia nvesn i poibe, and enender eia onsans, in wa wa does & eore inrinsi vae o han exience? n wha sense i e apparen ai ar aer o Sae's vsin o e an sain eie overoe or sppeened b a proise of edempion?  e -sefs aaion o eedo ea eno o on as s aaon?  i ep o nas wo views f wha s raped an f wa is invved axiooica, when  reeo afims ise 97

 G AND THGNSS

Te one vw which en o b ephaiz in Bevoir he ths of Amgu, i ha he on o freeo' f firaion i on of onl enghtnment Beavoi gge  wen we a o h nave o coon ne va reai an i (eic ec) eapica conrpa o an exeni ehc we ae ibeae ro a mstake  we ahieve a coc nranin of wha vaue ae an cee o b in he p o  fae picr coring o wi vae can be objcive on f he  oorane o in oe oher wa wien no h fbric of beingin-ief n hi view, B&N oe  aiar kn o Kanian nignen criiqe an erap aown  o bace or exence in a new pi o obe efwaene an ari wiho an xperien of nana o The rai qy wch han exen eeme o hv whn preene hroh Sarean ene  hen on an appearanc an he ne n whc han xinc  eie in ne of or cebe o a vaon  coreponin hin on hi ccon wha nee o be apprecae  h we rea hav evein a we ne xiooic ince he on en in which e eience o a an bjec ould inib have vae   preening i a vab on accon of i reeo an b ermin ng f on a ba o inenbe aono i ef we ho reaz a h here i o ould e o avaon n i view en i  a f we a eov  conep conion whih  been reponibe fo o pang  ame e  of wc enre a we co no win evng  free o now ebark on  new gae one which n ncipe we an win The rnve viw which ha a ronger ai· o bng Sarre ke ne of he ak of vaion an iveance b i  raigforwar Te view ofee b Bevoir can erany b re o of Sarre b i nvov deining Sarre inen on e boriv chaace of h eeoo which fine han exence. n ae' own acon e rc qai of man exience he reai of i axioo ca ci  pppoe an not ned out b e oen of avaion Te vae wic can be reaize og air aion o or eeo i awa n omenson o o orina apc o a kn of axioogia eonb wich w embce ner pyica re  nevhee poee 

ADN T 

some postve vaue: e fac a we can hd n ceck the abortve eeoo wch ives rse o benfortsef an en inrdce nt beng  dfferen inteibe es nae o feedo amonts  a kin f savan Tese wo vews p dffeen was of eperencng ou  free eauvor pies th an feedo s  fuil mnt artes vew s at cnscosness  r epsca fae can neve be ened f wch eason e freed whic we ar s soeing t wch we ust so thnk of ourseves as being onem   I sou be note how e w vews re eed nce gan  the two eaphsopca sanpnts sngushed n § If e stndpon f &N is prope Copencan en evos accn of are's psiton s correct artres rac vew pre spposes nsea tht we can ake p a standpont whc s no ere ha of a human sbect f i des no ke sense o consde te esence f un subecv, n abstcon fro s pespecve n isef, s ee f postve or  negatve ve then ee s no sense in the dea ha ans ve es ence s bsrd. e trac vew ends, erefe at sense be atce  e e at t wd n soe sense have been beer f we ad been capbe of becn od and ate sees t be preped t defend ths ogh artes nking sees o be th e eapsca coec an copete wa  ee t he od is o  he od o inare Ve and tha ts s soethn whch on d can d we can eate  e d on in e neror de of poiig vaes (I od esed then is freed wud  e ood there wd be n need f i o aim hs freedo as we need to d) Ses ingness o enein a nsCperncan non pespecva concepon f vaue s refeced n hs ak f e dscosue of ben as a anae f aing freedo euvos eadn of Saes psn s ore sigtf war psc nd huansc. arres agc vew contns an nvered heogca esidue. STUY QUESIONS

1 Wa snushes arres eaen of te concep of uan feedo? o wha exen es ates e of fee d iprve n ote eores? 1

 BIN D THNGNS

. Does Sartr deen adquatey his clams tat  make an origina choice f mye an tht  am esponsible or te wrd 3. Wat ar the strengts an weansses f Sarte's account  umn motivaton 4 What eta outl, if , s m by te mtpyscs of B&N? (E) B I  A  WOLE §6 The uny of ng  a detotaed ttay Conun Seton 

We saw in § tat t th nd  t ntoductin Sartre po the queston of the unity f bing-n-tslf and bnoritse, and n §  that oubts m be ntrtain reaing Satre lam t hav v a unified ntology T lattr ae evlpd at enth by Meau-Pnty wh argues tt Satre simp s no right to a npt of being s a woe  given that nthng ness and eng in BN r aways absolutel other tn ne another, te cannt  ry united' n te Conclusion Str rtuns to th quston of t r not Bein, a  nrl atgoy onn to l istents is dive by a itus into two inmmuncab eons n ac of whic the notio o Bing mut  taken n an ginal nd uniue sne' (6177) arte ces tat ur rseac in te couse  te bok aows us t answer th ustion of how te two rens e ated t one note: t rtslf and t n-tself e reunited b  sntetic onneton whic s notng other tan the For-tsef tse (6 hs rla ton as the crcter of a tiny nhiatin wic has its n at the hart f ing', a niaton madeob b te nitse sucient to caus a tta upeava to happen to th ntself Ts upeava is the world' (812) This provds a ens in whch en orms a wole bin foritself an bengin-itsef are eay unted n not wthout mmuncation n so  as () bing-fr-tslf s rated to innitsef as te attr's nihilaon (ii) engin-itsf n tains the ogn o tis nhiatin. T unit of bng s a wol s threby raped, as it nes t  in r fr Wal and MelauPnts objection t be met, ro both sides 

AD  

rtr cknowdg tt t ccon mmy gs  to  mhscl prbm wch col b rmtd s Wy os e orts r m bng (a ati de t) 6) Wt s  gund n Bng   nhon n whc h r cnt? Srtrs dcn o ts ton 654) cn t   cr  om mt t nwr , ongsd n ccn o why, n ct, w o spo t  on s not n o b nswr. T ky o Srr gmnt s  tncn wc  orm mld n th ottn b, bwn nogy nd msc Srtrs cm bng th mthysc tn r,  not mpy tn  t poopcly cndry Wt dngs mtphyc rm onlgy? Srt wrts W n c y t rm msc" o th sdy o nd poc whc  gn brt o this wd   concrt nd rtcr oty n ths sn mtpyc s o ontgy  sty  t scoog 693) As  pts  gy tr, nog s cncrn w trc o  bn nd mhsc wth n 04), tg oby not n  trcty mporl sn snc  my coms no bng rg  rsl, hsrcl bcmng s no w s  ss n mtpyc 65 nt o th drnt drwn dnctn o onogy nd mycs  2/359) rts omw nclr c sncon  nog nd mtycs s  mn thn h tm o w t  ne od b rwn nr  n  wy t prg   rt s plc Se tbs t hre  n n cnddt  n nw   son wc w  m wt lr n §6 nd § nm  bng-ns  rs o bng-orts n ordr  d s  conngncy s  on s t bcom d or cs-. ror, rr rge   n by mkn t rt t bng cn s o b th c o   t nt wr t n ts  cod tm t d o on by mng  cnscosnss' 6) T n- m o skng t d t  contngncy rde  ncsry n cn cndtn r  mergnc o  orts T mctns o t ccont rn ow dc cnrr  nmnl r nts Fr,   ynhc conncon  bngo-s wth bngne s 

A ING N NHINGNSS

nothng othe thn h Fo-tslf ts then t -tss tus bot ne o the ms of the ltn obtng betwn th two gs of eng nd te eltion tsl 49). To s ths s on the c o t much h sm s t s t t o-tsl s th erelaton of the nits, te w i wch the intsel ets t tslf But on St count ths is mposbe, sine te dntty which pvs n te -t s so bsolute s t plud ny c  lxvt () cod, nd n ny cs, th in-ses etn of t f-tsf hs ben conceved s  puoive roject d te ttbuton   pject to th intslf tds of use Sts ncptn o bengin-tslf S onogy hee cm up ginst  pound contdc ion sc t s tou te tse tt th possbity f  foundon m t h ld n od t b  poet o undn ts, th in-self wuld o necsst ve  be onlly  pne to itse,  t woud hv t b edy concusnss 15) Ths s why vn ticutd the ony possbe condton und whc the dvnt f te -t n be eplned  nd s the on possb bss o wch we cn cve bn s cmpsing  gnunly ufid whol  te uses t m th nteednt Ste s tht ntol w te mt its to den tht eveythig tae la a    tl, n  pjct t und tsel ve tse th mdfictn  th fosl  5) Bu wt s t c o the s  n ths sttmet One miht v epcted Ste to dec tt mephysl nui nt te gn o th otslf s mposbl snc on s own ccunt, tee  ony on psible nw t t ution nd tht nsw i  pofoud contdict of wht h hds t b  sld unvisble ut  ontlogicl enu, viz t non conscuness of the ntsef. Wht h n ct des  t gnt ht th i ndd  ut ts o mtphysc enuy whle t h sm tme mpyng its lmitd wt  not fu t s up t mtphsics t fom th hypothee whh w lw u t cnceve of ths poes [ie th upsug  te 

AD  

or-tsf as t asot evt [   t  wtout say tat ts hypoh w rma yptses e w an t pet ther ftr vadat or vaat at w mak the aldt s ny th posty wh they wll off  f ufn t es f oty [   Bt metapys s m vrhs attmp to tm th atu a t man of ths prhstor pross     patuar the tak  to t mtapsa f d wtr te v mnt  o s ot a frt attmpt o the part  t ntlf t fu tsf [   (625 T manr  St  rs t ut of he ty of n ur stat wth rad to w Sat say s as folw    v s t th pt f n  ea tr mut e a oept of th totat of eg a t opt of totalt s tat f a whe whs pars at st pdty of  atr  of t wo  wh pat ar a eal atd Tus Sarte ot t oev  as a totaty s evalent to nvg t as an en ausa u (622 a th npt  f orse aeptae to Sat not oy a f hm h vy opt of se au s otadtory (pssble' 622 bt aso a f b  v a a ttat wh s -tlf a -n t th -tsf s toa dpent o t f-tf t n-tf wo v t st fom th hat wh as te to  osss o t (6226 T ttat f  wo t e a ea b wt th ts fod y t -tf a dntal wt t ft wh os t (2 otradt Sartrs am ta w ouss s bnd to th tsef te  tsf s   way pt on the for-tsef Th totaty  b mt  oev thrf Sat ppos nt a a dtotasd ttat a  offs var  fua a aaos to pa ths a A tasd totaty s th fm wh rsuts frm t trto  a toaty whr th tuto s mpt a t t to t existne f t mpt but  t t terlaton t pata destu tefo f a f ratr tha of ts tet Satr a t a daptat to  ppta d terat a dstatd nmb (62 8 ad o  

A  AD HS

Te contaiction wic wels accoding t Sartre in te concept f el-caue is no avied b ti move owever since smetng can be conceve as a totaized ttat on f the oginal ttai fom wic t i sppose to ave proeeed i at eat geninel oneable w reqie tat it be ee om ontraiction Sae bac o from the paaoa caim tat being s hinae ony n tems of a cntadico conept b sing as before te forma s i coe s n for muatng  am Evetng appes a i te wo ma an manin-te wor scceede in eaisin n a misin Go Eveting appens as f te intse an the fotsef pesented e eve n a state  dsntgaon n eaon  an iea ntesi. (6277) te cses te dscuion b reinvoing the ontologmet apyics dtincion emnding  tha te qetion of totalit doe not eong to te povne of tolo' an sggeting tat  i a matter  infeence wete we tin of being as a wel mare dualt  a a disintegate beng (679) Sarte a tld  weve that te ai conept  ntenable wc eave deotaie ttai as e on con cept wic we can emplo e tis cncept i contactr. t appeas tat smeting a t gve an n §8 we wil consie what at optin ae § God

ear the nteoced pobem of te oigin of te foritelf and o being a a wole an te ta of the metapsiian jst ecibe lead natal n te diecion o eoog So it is appropiate a tis point to tae oc o te dscion of G n B&N and o cla Sate atem B&N gves an acnt o ow te ea f Go is med e mpation o whc is that reigiou beef hpotatie a on ep wose prope refeece i umanit te n an idealze fom (0/ 5666556 see § an 3/49 n mant and Go a ecproal and eative lmitingconept) Ts nd o eerbacian o Left Hegelian trateg doe nt oweve amount to a irect teoetical argument agant 

ADN H 

Gd xitn but B&N may b rgard as rin lswr two uh arumnt. Th irt wih ncrn th imoibil it  a us sui  neari xsting bing (80 13), st n aumptns wic w be rjtd by traditiona teit as tnntus T snd mor intresting an riina argu ment attmpts t ow that the onct  Gd i that  an nitts ( 01) and that inc in t o t baic ontogy ti  mib th dea o o s ontra toy (1508). Watvr th r o ths argumnt t s imortant t s tat onsderation o s a ort ar n wat utan Sartr athesm at a undanta vl Satr atism is not arrvd at troug aumnt onrin mtaphysa xpanatn but rsts n a caim o te am odr as Jaobi astn tat th being o God is ntuitd dirty but wit an xaty opo te onen n a at intrvw Sartre art that t ahsm  B&N s nt an idaist ateim i  wi mry xe th  o God rm he wor an pla it with th ia o his abnc but a matriaist atheim Sartr desrib im s a havin raizd that the abnc f Gd oud b rad vrywr Tins wr aon an abv a man was aon Was aon lik an absut This reveation harks bak to t tr rt pasa in Nu Aburit was nt an ida n my a r t ound  a vic but that ng dad nake at my eet [  J a that  a ab to grasp arward mes down t ti unamnta abuty      ould ike to tabish the absut caract  ti aburdit Tr a then or Sartr two basi rvatoy xperinc with pstie ntnt  th absutns  man and o t absrd ractr o bin-in-it Nter s dirct and exiity an intut  t absn  G Eac is nnet incmpatib wit t xiste  God u atr man and hs wrd: i man i rvaed a omthin hat (i) annot b suass and (i) an nt stand in any inteigib ratn t a trancndnt Gd nd i binn-ts xrsss () its own brut un-dsindn and (ii) ts unonditiona ndiernc to man then vn i a u tanta us sui o a bein-initr-tse migt xist t an have no thinkabl ration to us  ur wor Gods absen rom th wrld i trr nt ik tat  Pie frm t ca. Thi  important r i tat wr Sartres 20

RR BING AND NS

claim t t  b a   applcatio o Sats w pcpls  ta t ps t m cscsss o os absc s a mo of cosiosss f m,  a gatv t oly l b vlp  t bass o B&N t Sat lavs o -sap  n t w tg wic o ma b hl to appa T ppos  Sats mltts s t   B&N s to sw ow ay latn  ma t o wo sty m, tsbjctvity a al th st ts of ma alty,  that mas stato  t wol pstvl epugs t xist  t   tsm  sm (s  3/88, gag Lbizs tist st t t poblm f t Oth)  yn Sa's maphysis?

Th mptac o th stt aw   3 btw t p spctval a apspctival o abslt stapots has sw itslf t sval pts  B&N. Som txts sm t ma o o ths stapts at tha t ot n oths th w stapits coici ntlby, a  sm occasios th appa t b  tsi T qs  whc stapot is ltmatly Sats   f wt Sat ca p bt, as I sggst s tn  b  bcms spcialy sl  th ctxt of big as a whl, a s csv f wt o t w apt Sats claim tat B&N ahvs mtaphsca clos As w saw i 6 th pbm  t ty  totality f b a f t oigi of th f-its ats at iclty fo Sat t s t b solv, bt fo all tt w a ab t sc, its oly possibl sl vlvs a ctacti Sat s v thb t impovis a istit  tlogy fom mtapysics an t qvat gaig t s st a tmacy of t latt t s t b s wat is sposb  Sats pcamt a what mht llw m to scap it Th s  way i which, it ma sm, Sat cl av bht matts t a csistt an va ls a som ts  ths l f tig ca b tt, w saw  6, i t ocson Nam, t posto cl av b ta that all qstis wich ant b asw  tms of th ts a ppss of t ma pot f vw an a 

D H 

so  dismiss ad so tat qy ito a secatio ab  gro o  its's rat o t orise mst b rgaed as ry te emty a o cocta oms witot e co T  cotradictio' wch Sae's mtaphsica rasoi brogt to it wod e o b ie a sigicac t s sikig tat s oca sot s act wa w o   Sae's scsso  a Te o t meta ysica' qstio o why tr ar Ohes (30/8) r Sa assts is covcto tat ay mascs ms coc w a tat is" i wt a iect tto o at cotgecy' )  t ocs  sow ta mtapsica' q io t go o a paity o co sciosss wh oow th as o a cotacoy cocsio (0 ) a iay  pais why t meays ca qsio gari  toait ooitsvs whc as to t ctracti s magss (0/3) aey it asses a t is osse or s to tak  ont of vw o t toaity o orsves] tat is o cosi  om otsi' bt  ac ts s not ossib ecas  ms eist o on  oa o o tis aiy a to the ett tat  am gag wi it 01/3) (Nor ca w sos tat G grasp is toai sc o im t os o st) So w os Sartr o say t same n t Cocsio Tr s a dee a ca aso o consistc wy i t cot o big as a wo i  i tat o eiorots oeicaism caot b Sat's a posio a a com �ig staeic raso wy aog orcasm wo wake s oso i ovra ems To arciate t irs po t sces o obsrv t Sartr ims as sow tat t ma ot o vew s mas a cort coceio o eing as a wo e as out of s o t asot staot  e to cae t oti ss seoo acticity a ack o t otse Sartr o t ecessary t ee to t aoogetic stor o te ogi o t ots i t ise So t ma staoit caot b rgaded s sa o rom specatio aot t toaiy o g T stratgc easo gs ack to rmaks ma i ar  abot Sae's coc to stas t raty o ma 

 NG N NIG

rom againt inoza b lpng a comrenie accnt f man reait witin an ntca framewor f te basis  Sartrs ontoog wer oernican, an ti wr taen to forcse estns at te nit an totait  bing, tn i poition wod be nab in an imort ant rect  Sartrs own accont, a we ae sn, t ornican tanint ads s to arm te ontooica pr mac of te foritf, and a rfn contraiction aears en w attmpt to nrtan ow freeom can ars from tat wic is ntgca primar an ti is mr tan nog to motiat te Spinsticcmlminativit tot tat t w ic of ocae man rat' is mr a vat lluon ie tat a  Sartr teor of notinness r om, te mo o bein of t fts tc., i emt, ter bin in ralt noting bt binintsef f tis is cct, tn t on wa orward f Sartr i to acct an to attemt to mt t man o te apr spcta, abote tanoint Sart mst  ot an ma inteiil t rin of foritl Were tis mt la tim at i anoter stn, t t tin tat it wod ncssari obige artre to rini antn i is ontoogical frame r wc s of ina imortance fr is spica en, t aone t embac an o t ontoloical oimistc' t itic or egeian metaysica pstns to wic B& is so mlacab oppoe wo b to ta t narrow a view of te otion TD Q

1. I artr tiie in i caim tat t mpication o B& is atstc rat tan mer anotic   te ontolo o B& cmt ain comt  ra  B& it mae n to rad artrs Concio o e an nod  s (14, t tt  a c r to te ocit raas  a iosie in  Sat s a snotic mmary of t rincia te of &

HAPTR 

RCPTION AN INFLUNE

vn t acdanc  Sat iusne prspctv on uan  wt t dvasttion  t twar wd and  i ctn o rd wit t od o an ag ccupi wt entructin nd rasumng rpnsbty or dnng t utur   w a cnonting qustn o accntbiit  past ction and naction  t s nt urprsng tat t pl spy o &N sud av bn civd w ntn intst  a dgr tat ad bn njy by n tr rnc o sopical wk inc gsn Cativ oluion at te turn o th cntuy an dd tat w tr rat wk n t s y o pisy av t wt Rcognn o t mtanc o N wa not wvr intatnu  it attd bar any ttntin  4  but d in t wake  Sartrs s t a a t ibratn t i ar cnqunt  dntang t ontrbun  B&N in patcuar to t stbing  St soarng utatin n t potwa yas inc  w ony n at  t mst acadc and ntctuay daning   a ai gwn an ntenay und bdy o w Srtr itay utput in t 40 incded t pa o i (Hui o) a pcacu uccss  t irt panc in May 44 an t tiogy  nv Th oad o Fom (e Chmin d la libt) wi t tst but partnaiat) jna wic Str a undd wit voir Arn d Mraunty in 13 and trat dtd L m moden gnd a sgn cant radsi n 1 Sartr tind tat  oud a a vng a a wt and gave u i tacng pot T stwar yas sw Sartrs  ri nntia wt n addiion t an itray ojct cue tour n Nt Arca nd Eurp tical cmntary a ctci invaton to wrt  cripts badcat  stat nationa ado and vn  a ort pd in 1, adip  a ne 

SARRE' N D NHNGNS

nae otca emn Rammn Dmau utonna. Accoanyng at' aty  netay and a ate n w o h sha ta mo o hs das  cae hotty om ea qat   h Cmmnt weky Atn enoncd ae,  who ha et h dtace m Max's deas and commst ota actc n he 20s an 0 and od contne  o o o ome me mo nt 2 Attack on ate aaed aso n h stashd atona ess, and th Ra Caho Cch conmed ates motane   by ang h books  ts ndx h ete whch Sae ae n as n tob  and had ntd n 6, xsnam an umanm (te tt tansate ea, and moe ontedy a Eitntasm  a umansm) attted t ca the cntent o hs estentas, e denty o whch had been obce n th cose  th oemcs that a sonded t, and to anse sqay hs ctc chaes of nhsm, mmoas an oa fnce  ntees n th hsh of B&N as not ony tastd te a stwa a ts nnc on ntecta ct n the second ha o th twnteth cen   not  dn o th ette f t txt then as ayed thogh aes ctes, shor hshca wns and teay wok  s as on sdeab a hat  any oth sg hsha ok  th od To the exe that B&N c b take a modg th consosnss and edcamnt  the cced nch t od ee eqa as a teat o tetng he st atn f othr os sc to dmnaton as Sat sts to h Uned Sta n 56 and aes n h aa seg eated soth md n hm n 6 Sat bshed a cqe  antmsm, Anemit an  the mtans f whch ae eha ea t ntday eas b whch  ntxt ahee omthn  osdabe moane, b oen an orgnal aas of what s noed sbjet n th conston o eesse, conn-nn sca dn te One  the mot motant bknw and ndng sota dmenson o enc  Sae ho o eedm wa on emst thnk Bao's h Sn x ( ) estabhd  nd ha owe mch to B&N the ncp whh ha beqent boe a commonac 10

CPON ND I NFNC

tat o s not bor but rate bcoms  woma, tr u a proess of costructo  wc wma s pstod on rprocal s t objctua t of maassubct. 1 hlosophial tius of  d ot I w ow o straly ownstram, rtr ta bac to wat Sarte too from us nd Hder t low posopher n partular stad out as  crtca dou wth Sart's p osop  N ( Marl histian eistntalsm A nd of pom ooa, ttt posop hd b dvoped npdnt oe  t pr-wr as by t toc r posopr Mae wos tce d um fr dm 16) s a ary d pptv crtqu of te plosopy o N om uch  tadpt (Some of Maes crtsm wr td  §36 and §)  ts ssay Ma accpts tat N s fouded on a ctn bac, evatoy epre of t cactr o bg, te o dscbd  ausea and tat  toug te ueess of ts epre must be admtted Sartr (frst as  asta  t wht tat he a assnd to t   s laboat of ts snfcae ad (scond as ecudd domatcly aothe, competg rae of bas epres pcy, tose tat pot towas Marc's ow rst ttam N s dod s a hrt upmposto of dam o a coert matalst fouato Utmaty Marc s ductory arte  c wt a oo nsm wc ps a ptua tet to the yout of te day   sugsted n §7 tat Sartre ma b eardd  cotestn Jaco's ams, d o my conde Mace s o to spa, rpy to Srtr o ob be Ts ttempt to rcam or thoog t trtoy of estta phomog reur  atr enc peomogy,  the work  JaL Maro e mportnt ssu that may be raded a mer  ts cott s th qusto of ow muc eed to be pt up  ord to mt t cen tht N poss to or ordry com mosesca cocpto o t word a the vaue of umaty to Mae os ot app to a theooc asumptos   ctqu of Srtr he do suppos tat appa to ome st o pvd, vatoy prcs  o commno d 

SARRS BEING AND NG

gac  i nded t nte Sat ac  nt nk tat t nai tanpont  mmn en pvd any t  anw t Sat  and at a n aeemnt tat t i n mde und   (b MeleauPoty o One e w a ain epatedly n  viw o t vai tme in &N  tat  t t mke  pnmna bnging t &N  nt ogy wc may appea t mbne t tw in o bing nt an oit wc at ead  n t na ana y, eluiv, ativ and immicb Penmena u a mbodiment and atvty, wh may appa to invove ntiay bo om o bin pe  prma fa can and we av n that Sat  to pan tee n tem whic aw hm t mantn h hap alim o t bai ntly ean a th qton o wt ate eplanatn a cc t m be bvd tat on ptin w  gt tl n t it  t ng pattn,  to invt Ste daltc anay tat i intead  ttng wt tw diete an etn om  bng and peedn t o panation o wy they mt appa t b d in me cntt n migt intad bgn by ptn a ng gna mde  ben w ubqnty ndg deentatn, vntay yidin te w pe wc, t c tn b aid, Sat mtak o a namental nlgcal ppoition Meeu-Pnt Phenomenology of Perepton pblhd n 1945 t ny tw ea at &N, may b a a mn th tn, an tndd t epy t Sat aong t tee ne W Sat  appeaae o na mi gity at n t be dmbatd, anty  an na vn unity wic com t be neved n tm  mtapya duam ny b dnt  vai ctve pe ation  abtacton and neptual mulding. T t t te nta tpc  i wk peptin  ead by eea-Pny a a pmdia ndcompoabe pnt  nty o t bct (-te) and bjt nt) wic anayt ica ctin cannot pnette Smlaly adng t bdy wn nvd apppiaty, viz a t pmte bae  ntentnaty, he bd cmn n on inibl nty, accoding to a-Pnty, he at  cpoaty and 212

RCO ND C

mntaity wc posca rfctn msaeny spaats out an ies as two disnct subtancs m (f-itsef) and mattr (in-ts) Muc woud be ned o dmie wet Mau Ponys apprac  cren an wer it carres aantas oer Sars uaism Pescdin from  dta of Meau Ponty's accou oe imortant cica obseraio wc can b mad n s mnistc stay is ta  dos not pmis  stab as secuy as oe Sars t aty o fdom o e tent ta we pusu an approac wic tas maysica cncpt a functin of abstacn we a i sems boun t rat t as anding a a m fm eaty i. to cnstu  antiaistcay T tine wet is ca stcks   ncssay t amin t na caper oft Peomeoloy of Pecpto, Fedom wic ou mtning ar by nam oy onc s ect cay agas at's tms ad fns an ant-Saran iw of man aency as n caby cat up n t wod and t fr It may b ri n Sate beaf at wa MerauPny says  ie ucs fdm to a mn cas wut actua azatn o a ast eas i unepained w fredom can combn wit smeti s ote tan fm but n ss basc wtut bn sroye  way i s pauibe tat MeauPoy as n ubt t aiy of fem Wae assessmnt is mad  Meau-Ptys ambious proect,  cicsms of Sartre ma n Peomeloy of Prcepto sti ne to be adssed, snc ty ca b an a ben qunty ed nepndnty MerauPntys cas aanst Sate wa setd by im n yas ar i a m pct, semi-poica fom  a capter  s dvtus of te Dalc (5) tie Sarte ad uab sm' MauPnys prmay target in ts ssay as t t ms s Sats atud to t Sit Unn ut e tacs Sar's ag poitca msuac and spnsb y back to te posp f te suct found in &N wc  as, nds Sartes pitc and wc  scrbs as te madnss f  coto MeraPny's mst fy amp cu of &N is contaied  Ineatn an acc fed  1596 ad pubis aft Mea-Potys eat in Te Vsle ad 

SAS  ND NHINGN

the vsble  a cptialy subte ad wel-abatd cas s mad  sppt f t bjcti tt e sevee dalsm o Ns basic oto s fata t ts pspical pposes of viditi feedom expcat tsubjctvty ad s  T ma aw by MleuPoty is tat th apspc tva mtaplscal stapt f wat  cls lytia cto mst b aba, mply tat Sats fd meta mstae as to ma wt th bt f taitia mpysil expltio T may wll be asos  suested  8 why Sat tcal asm l b f bck utimey to  oiia poit of uty bt ts s a fft matt fom accpti Me-Poty's phiosophy of ambty, as t as b ca T ccd tat Sa's dism e toht tho to ts mt, s t a timat mtapysia mo ism, is o to u the astc pat, a s cmpatib wit a ectio of MaPoty's mostc phmy c Levas the Othe As s bee see oe o the mt sti tss f BN ccs t existeti uaty of hum eatioshps a f th as vias  ose ay book o Hsse as impotat fo at  psts a sc dvlpmt i te eomeooca tadt whch s spcay wl cat i ti to B&N evas pad ose atteto to Sats pspy ad eed wit Sat's ids bot imato a ws dtty i ssays f t 1940s a i is mo piosopha wo Totalty n nnty (16)  psts a ii piosopha pos ito wch aouts to a pata vs f BN as di a MlaPty's henomeology but wth a fft t ca st of piitis Soe de o ht ts mouts t ca b t if w cside t stct f &N's toy Sate sets ot st  t basc otly, th at f slf t wd d te ito dues he coeio to the Oth t, as w saw i 9 te sfoth eati is osted b Sat as tasmpical a tasma my like aeess o the Otheas subct ws thi t t wd Wt mit be suppose thoe, s that ths exposty a tica  cd be odified o eve evesed  othe wos that t at t t Ot sd b ad as beo popey t t 24

CPION AND NFLUN

basic ontoog and prhaps en a having pcdnc o th eation o conscioness t bingin-itse n th latte ca i th ran to th h ha this piity thn cncionss  the thr s not hav to be st into a pir contt whr conciosnss is arad in th binss  obcticati ad on ch a bai it wd b intigib to ppos that primii conscisno-thOthr nd not hav nceari th cn icta chaact thoriz by Sartr Ctainy mor is ned to tak s t vias'  poition  which is that th prim ordia cnscionss  th thr s a conciosnes o ininit obigation an that thic pcd ontogy'  bt th dor wd b pn to ch a vopmnt and it co asonab b conjcued that Sate sharing vina ns  th wight an nira cope o hman spnibiit might at this pint nt r ti sistanc athgh Sartr des not in act in &N characeriz th pinc o th ths o in ethica trm th s  igiicant phnomngica kinship btwn artr's charactrization o m cnscions o th Othr-as sbjct as ovrwhemig an evina characterizatin  the thr a taing th orm o an indtrminat innit dmand pac pn me; both Sate and Lvnas think that cncio nss  the Othr invov at th deept vl an awarnss  h asymmt and htrogneity o  and thr d edes reply t e. Meaont and vina can b gadd thre a proposing way in which w might scape rom th agab ontgica and ethica impasse o Sartr pisph A thid rpons t B&N rm within th phnmnoogica tadition which drvs attntion but which by cotrast catgoricay ects Sate's phiosophy t gnd vl is idgg's ideggr' Lettr  Humnsm'  origina i  946, a let ter repying to uestion psd by th rnch phiospher Jan Bart cncrning ideggrs view o rnch eittia im pandd or pubicatio in 94  was in part a rpy to ate's istentlsm d ums eidggr's jectio o Satr trns n two k pint irst idgg agu that Sartr has bgu wit and mr sght to mdiy th tra itionay givn concept o human bing' thby aiing to pt in tin the baic an inadeat term within which hs rctin pocs Scod deggr objcts to th 15

ARR BEIN ND NHINNESS

ontion o ae hih Sat are wth al hmanim wr ae s hed to  rogt nt the d tog and wth han ing Ti trateg eidggr aim  doomed t i a an, een whr it aes positiey i a jtiiin' Sate ai to go a t the nary pri rda nt or te dstntn o at and ae  the theetia and te prata, is dawn n ot rspets eidggr ra Sate (aty a rmann in i momnt o onet h a ssene wthn the Wtrn phosphia tadition o metaphss' (in idgge's t n) Hidgg's epdiaion o tis taditin t on his distnto  Bing rom ens ed i t at one ee simy etrnng Sate's m imnt te pjet  niry into te meaning o Bing wh Sae had td in Seton  o th ntodtion to N (§2 not witot ament t timaty in a mehat rsoy mannr s oneasstd  dee as he ais o a hshia tandoint whh he ai to  igher tan hat id  Sart he rt and mo ntetin oint whh emees  t Ltt s hat eidg a  ependi n how mh ontniy one i reaed to see n eidg' doment  eith hangd is posin sin Beng and ,  ad it tat Sates mitak idgger mpis wa to ai to ee tha he ont o Dan is eey aator rer y to th tr tas o hinkin ing atres etin o the orte whh apea to o th sam oition a eee' Dain i in at a ion o a ite de en ow odr o Dasen oey oneied edeg n t  s nt a onetio o huan ng, a i Satr on e  the orit t a nein o an ntgalfuntn hi Bing gs' to hman ing and whih hman ein mr sstan h dirn o edeg o artr then s that hi t onet  the ite i tat  an ate a na aity inapae o an dpr an the onet o Dan (n the at idgger  nt n Beng and Tm get it ene o  the and mo asi thining o the tt  ein' o ti reason ed  ae to am that the ai tnt o BN nd to o Bng an e ha noth ing at a n omon ad dres he mey eonerne 216

TON AN NFNC

seassr ma sbt o Sre' xstm as t tyrat o beg} e) Lukc and Mrue Marxim Hedggrs rm  B& s teore  o ss a a  it ess sqaey o an assmpo wi Sare (wht rgty  wrg) rjets  sam exnaiy ts to haratri t rit ans  B& ih wr dv  h 0s rom whi t Marxst tratio n phosoia wrgs wih ppa i rae wth he Frn ommis Pays ay atas o Sar  w  most imporant are y ks xitnialm ou marxime 94) a Hrbet arse Exstaism rmarks o JeaPa Sares Lr e  nan 194)   T ommo trad  Max prasa  B& n sis, s mgt be xpetd o ompais o ts iasm i oseqn  atrs sa  ia hm iy i ara big a to iv ososes om m  its oao  h nvda,  otaton o oita morait to a se o bst ndivda ma rgts a o ts oeqt abiy o do jsti to th ay o sa m a hm story  vd  at a mtaism ad to sabs he say dt o otiv ss) ato k ded  od mr h h  rtioim ir on aot o Sars jo  objetiv hitr dvopme as a sr o nomvty rs qy i Maxs apra o B& pad n  me ya  ogig hat Sartr  o a ainais, a s n o ar as h by ntrst with Abr am) thks tha he tths  xsttam  b xpe n phos ad t mey  itr Ma tis atr  ag o s t t ria o  hoy o em  bsin m mns ata, ot ostoia oditons o n redom, rs B& o a og mytn o h sm r a e st ad hrisia ontos ta Sre aks.   Ms ows hower at Sarrs prje s, whi  own trms to ogy orrt and sss t nrn t b , aor  Mars  tat t woe ssay eais) or  phoophy  pyig oepts whih hav not 

A EING AND NTHINGN

 daw m a  th  sct, ad  attmtig to tink eaty in abstatin m st, is ie a ad ioocay gati  Big ad Ntigss and the ate Sate. It is cssa t csde Sat mse as a cit  th ish  B&N. I intiws couctd i is at yas Sat ackowgs os i th ostio o B&N, to th oit o aat acct g sm  th uamta ctcsms mad b s ast oppnnts Tus in a 95 intiw Sat says tat B&s seciica social cats on t w"  w aticua ad, that th ms  th ssty  tt ad  aima osciousss we ot adss i B& and tat B&N cotais o tatmt o ogaic i a th istc o Natu,   th at  csciusss t t an   tems  its piosphia mtdoy B& ais in t ys o t at at to quaiy as iactical a must  ga as a uishd wk t is, Sat sas, m a ataist phspy  nsusnss, a mumt  ataity E mo impotat a Sats lat commts o B&s docti o dom I 16 at dcas that a sot o sub stata I  ta catg, aways m  ss gie, has ee ead  a  time and that the subjet o sujetiity costituts its rom a ass ateo to tse Ad i 16 I ccuded  te 40s, unde te Oupatin that in a cicumstacs t is aways a ossi coic Wich is fas. I it is so as tat I at watd pcs to eut msl b ceatig a aate i e Dabe et e bon deu ic [   wo w  coos.  is tota on dtoned  hs stuato w I udstd a ths  muh ate     iee tat a man a aways make sme tig out of what s made  hm. Ts is t imit I woul ta accd t dm th sma mmnt which makes  a tota ondtoned so ben smo wo os ot e de back compty what his coitioig as gi hi [   th smal agi i a oatio wh a tisat tss ts  a act [. . . h dda tess his sia deteminatins: e intioiss th atios of o uctio, t famiy o is ciloo te istoical past th cotmoa istitutos, a h th -tss ths 28

REPO AND FE

 ats a ts wh nssarl fr s ba o tm Nn f ts std  t e e nnt Aog w ts wly rstt dm gs  atan f ermng strtres Te s n dbt t srtr rducs ins'; an has card the unscos as a surs wh sas by mas of lngage   . Vra fms nsembls] ar rt as  form f th rate trog  a f spakg Tse forms ress or stt ntnts t dtmin me wtot beg mn  Wa sl b md f s satms W sol hestate bfre  grng wth Sarts rtostv self ssssmts r lamg t s ar satments sw tt a oerso f hls stand as tak pl n  st la  ms b maszd th t sfrtcism  th later Sart cosss of kwldgmnts  t ttv mas  &N  f rests n w its m were t smple or ggrated a rqe comfao  mof at  aompn y n w st f fmta dotns t lae os f BN nor een b a sggest tht  pob m o man fm mght yl to a frt sutn n sene wat Srrs dros f t cee ment ofB&N ma b tan t sw s sm the imaty  s sstm of redm wt t Maist ncn f hstor a eom  n r wors tat t dmtologzatin f sra matesm  wh Sarte aimed n th Citiqu of Diltl son s mssib n t bss  &N And ts aes it e f s (if  for Sr gn the nw weigt g  is hsa orites aftr h a bn emae y ts' to thnk ht th obm s nt with BN but wt Mrist tr or even me gey wt te ttmpt t thk mn as n objt of sca thery nd wat gvs t Citqe of Dialtical eson  s rndit not n fd n wtgs in sa thy mnsting t sm dgree for he bsrt  t wk s Sartre' ss f he dth of th diy esentd by t transcnenal stins of w it s for a scial enti  mn stry t av reit and f hw the stnc of suc thngs n b s mh as ssible  an t is beas Sartre fuss to rln qs t nsght f B&N  osderg scial tolgy  

A EING AND HNGNE

hs Cque hat the or ps hs dicy to sc sa focs f ths s correc en the coclson to dra s no at BN faed  e posopica as i set isef b ather tha tee is a frter posopca probem ocerg the reat of te soco-isoca ic arre dd ot sov qay impotat is e po hat t is mos certai ha hat Sartre ar says abot freedo s conadt hs pos ito n BN As te qotatos above so, Sartre bens  te 16s o ak o the subec as havg a basis anteror o ise, as beg made deered condtoed ad so orth Bt e ms ask ho ths sod be terpreed What mea does artre a o gve these terms More specfay h sod te aneror basis o e sbjct ad the determin srctres hc i confrots, ot be nderstood n es of te vie of freedom ad facy resetd  BN 33) We arre revsied the probm o reedom in oversa tos h eavor  4 he described s theory of fedom i BN as avg faed to epress hat he ad meat, sang a e sed ot o coeece an aess tebook' theory of freedo acordg o ich oe aays hooses a oe does, oe is free t regard o he Other  en beeved ha one s aays free . .  O ths pon ve chaged vey mc.  thk in fa hat tere are satos  ih oe cao be ree. arre's ea meag he no cams ad bee that even e oes actios are rovoked by somethg eerna oe s st esosie for oese oever sine sefresponsibty oes heefore aays rean t s ot car at Sartre is revokg at or h he nks ha he teory of freedom i B&N as smpis Moeover arre dds here that ven n respoding o soe tn etea there is someing that comes fo or remotes depts and  is reated to or prary fredom' Wha s this rar freedom if no he freedom of B&N At sch onts t almos seems that are has cofsed e ooogca freedo of B&N th a dea that on ay be poeress h respect o etera saes of affars Ad ote rears suggest at oth g has changd rom BN those o do ot fee free artre says ae erey cosd' bease o aareness of freedom ot freedom se ca be mssng Whe Beavo ots o 

CEO ND NE

t Sat tat   biop f Gn G xtna ci cumac a xa ivd pi a cbd  thicy tt t appa t  mi a afm ta Gnt' tamato of th ccuma i  w of fm'  a fm wic B& a au mpi, anot av m ito bin at ay oa at a than t xa cicumac tmv. B i at ption  pau it i pb t t int pcfuy w at ut at  a bn in  wit pct to t t of fm i B&N Pi an acu of   can i f fo a mthin m t by dtnin at withou countn a o t wfu bjcti tai n B&N th pioopa auto ity  Sat a cantaon f &N t of f  imitd 3 Th tutualist an postsutuaist pudaton of Bin ad Ntnn Dpt t w impt wc B&N gav t t poamm f xitntia phomn an t ut fu f t bat t wc  av i  n paticua wt Mau-Pnt an va  St omnat poition n t c o admic ppy in Fanc wa t f o uatin nc popy tun in a atv ot ac f tim iml agant th wo pjct of a ubjct- o con bd poop ISO T   t tuctuat vot ait itni p mn ha bn ppa f y MauPnt  oc t Satan f-tf a bn can  a ubt a ticy mb in t d a Ma-Pnty cv it to b, t mtooal pivi f cocun ha bn a u d  i piit Caud LviStau attac Sat i Th Saag Mind (96) a faiin t  a pnmnoogy  bi t an capab  aping t t of objtiv tuc tu mpi by atua ana a int b Max an Fu T mitation f Sat at ttmpt to ap th ocia a hitoia  t Ciiu f ialta Raso va Sat t av b in BN, a to av nc maind, th pion f i Cito acco t LviStau H w b by tp  im in th adl fvit tt of ntpction nv m m m'; aht up n t na of pa idnt, Sat  ut    t nwd fman 

 BEI AND NIE

Aain he Foat anaytica-hstorica sdy o the hman sience in he Oe of hin (166 aeed hat phenomenoog emain aht in a baic contradiction (o the sbject smtaneos inclon in and exion om the wold common o a orm o tancendenta thoht and Jaqe Deridas citiqe o he axiomatic sean a mp tion o onciosnes pesenceto-ise ndemined & at a tro One exemey important ator in this trnaond was Heideger's ette and Beaet' wor in speadin Heidegers idea n the 10s thoh mo Fenh phosopher d not sbsribe to Heideggeianim so mch as exploe i with acin ation he dobe esson wa aen that Satrean anhopocen exitentaim had aie o encompass eieger phosophy an that aes hmansm d not have he at word and od no hod it own aain more radica, nonbjetenred aternatves 4 ein an Nothingnes n onempay hilophy Thee emains the qeson o Satre' impotance o ontem poary phiosopy The entenar o artres bt in 1905 havin paed and been eebraed, the importance o Sartre as a re in intel ecta histoy and his virte as a conrbtor to pbic ie have been appreaed anew Sartres importane o contem pora phiooph, howeve, both in anophone anayi and in ontinena irce, s not great and it is very impobabe that artre's phioophia prese wi ren in the oreeeae tre o anythin lie he evel tha t enjoye n the eay postwar peod The reason o his have nothin o do wit he qai or imiaton o Satre thoht and everythin to do with the natre o the phiosophica projet that Sarte pse in & Fir, as age in hape  arre's phioo phy i premsed on an ncompomiing ejetion o natrais Second Sartre is ommite, metodooica and doctnay to bjectivi as the overarchin principe o phiosopical hoht Thd Sartre set himse at a distance om the epis emoogica tradion o moen ropean phiosophy and in addiion B&N show no smpathy o enaement with either the historica rn o nineteenth entry or he oico-initic tn o twentethcenry phiosophy Forth a  have tie o 

RP AND  NFN

show ars aim in BN was to consrct a esionary mta physcal sysem in a ery strong sens and t viabilt of sh an nerpris as crasing sine t nd o Hgeianism in h mile o t nintt entry ben dnied As einas p i Sartre ws piosophicaly ecptionl in so fa s  did not ink mtaphysics was absoy finisd   or all o ths intconne rasons  is fly ntigib tha Sartr sho fa otsid h orbit o pilosophica o gramms orinatd iher towars eporing h conibtion of h naal an man siens to philosopial kowedg or he atmps of Nizsch and Hdgge to ring to a close h proje of Wse piosoph o th rabitation and rcon strcion o Kaian pilosoph in a postmaphysica om. Th foowing igh trit pai to ar by rgn Habmas tsies iiety to artrs issociaion rom e dominant tracoris of ontmpoay pilosophy artrs work os not aow itslf o b aa to eon stionis endncies or tis discors  repss an aesar wo is not easily assimiabl His wriings ontain ias hat not ony ha no bn srpassd b ta aso point yon t istoricis an conetais approaes ta ar so widspra oay Tis is tre espciay or te istnias nderstading o fredom wih  foowig a tracoy from cht and Kirkgaar  eprsss in a pegnant and raical ersio an niab componn of  modrn slfndrsndig  admir te act a artr esis in an empary way h tmptation o al bk ind t conditions o posmtaphsica hiking  or ontmpoary posmtapysica inkrs Sarrs achivment can consst only an a most in is aving given eptioally ar ad orcfl eprssion o ne compon of modrn slfndrstanding namey its oion of iiidal atoomy and is is nite sficin or ares own ni esalisi rposs nor ogh to mae artr a sigican pilosopial sorce for tiers si o rsol h o traions of modrn oght wito rcors o mtapysics wo ar bon to regard ae as aing pai too high a prie in sacrificing th ovomig of aitioa mtapysis whic 

SAS BEIN AN NTHNGNESS

o th postmeapysca w, s aohr ncesary part o a mornt's lfersann s t posb to nrt Sart's la as to  coe o a namtaly nt  of phsopca proct, mor cosely at wth cnmporar rns, an to o o wtot mptyng tm o tr propr sncanc? Sm raer of Sartr ympathec o psmornsm mata ta the ap btween a Sartrean an a postmoenst conption o bctty s nt a w as  ma appar, o a Sartre's arly strctras an pssrctrals arsar sppos t to b an ha arg not mrey at the aporae o B&N cptate  lap nto postmor phlooph, b tat the tracory of Sarre msl s owars pomernm. On thn somtms takn to sa B&N on t posmo en s  t fc s Sartr's ocrn o th non-sefntty of th ortf  hch s ra as antcpatn th nonntra, fratr mtpl s whc rslts rom Laanan thry an onstrcon crt How f wa  ha bn ar n  ths boo s orrct, thn ts s a msran artr's scrpton of the bct as nonsenca has a ffrent metapyscal sns from th posmorn thes of th sbcts cntrnes n f  wor mpoye o press t two clams ar th sam Ts s show by h fact that Sarr tas hs h to c a cocepta loue - to pro a compt a fal pove spfcaton of what the forts   a tat sch a phosophca ahmn s prcsly wa post moer ory, n s sohcat om at any rat ns the posty of. Aterna,  tr try  no frnc btwn th Sartrean for-sf an the constt sbet th h ston arss wtr posmoern tors f  (at of th) st ha rhy scrbe tmsl as post mtaphyca, a  n ls on potmoern ht to pan afresh wha t mans y on bon mtaphycs or pasbl neaors to shft Sarte n a posmorn r cto nor B&N an focs ta n th man bct tha mr n Sartr latr oks an on th B&Ncrtca sa mens mae by Sartre n ar ear alth  a sggs that  poba al of the atr s eonabe Parale rmarks appy t amps o nrate Sartr's a nto  cone of cnmporar analt or mansram 

RCTN N NN

angopon poopy he  s  nteest to hghgt onvgns  Sat tnkng wt conempy anat poopy  mnd an atn  mo amtoy to o ontton o a da n  nn-Satan dm th estn emans  what w sho tn tnk o so at and the prafae man  an anat gon ng o ontcton o an cms hh dspnss wth th ntoga havy macny o B&N s th t's p e s nt n at w onv T aac ndeny o anay dsssn  Ste s ang ta  at  mad to m to av m-staed and bs hs nght thh nat ntoga omaton T es a key dsamnt gang wat atttd ho  takn towad o odnay npton o th wod he haatest anat ampon eng h th wd a commonsnsa nv  andn th ons yng nty on ate to sw th atgoa nty o  po po von wh ae tks th ommonna wod t e nadeat n ot tnta nd eoeta spts and s  o edy  ts man a poop eppasa t gad o th mpnt mmon vod y anay phsphs tat a mtpyss o th hman t es  an napta g on mapo the sht answ  tat   th  nt st anth wa o otng to at's vw that mtapy ms eak wth th onpta cm  mmn ns  wat ont n pospha ontts as a mtapa se  tems dpnds atogt on t nate  that whh w a attmptng  nptaz T ang to nste Sa's das wtot o nto pne tems es opn t nt t  met t s ntt to py tat  t mnoga nnvaton a ndpnse  e phnmnn o ctvty s t e d n phsopa onpt and o that hs mtapyc  no mo metphoa n aton to t n unpaad nonmpca c  stvty tan mp desptns a n aton to mpa oets As at mg p t: he mephyss o N a wat t m tang ctvty ay  ave sgst n t oo tat  conx eed n od o Sats psha pston  tan a an n at who at tan n dsmnted m  t appa agan 

SARR'S BEING AND NTHINGNE

a v option woud nv a tun to th sot of dbats tat pd Kant uesss, th Gman dasts an the Gman mant, in t ast ad of t hteenth and at th bginnin of th nintnt entuy, wh t task f psphy wa onved n tm of the fmatin of an antinatuast stm of feedm whi woud esov th pobm of Kant's daim, buttn ab age of nhi sm and aowin fu mtaphyia ense to b mad of ant's da  hman autonomy  Sat i now ondemnd to bon to t stoy but nt to te ataty of popy,   at ast in good ompany.

NOS

1 On th pod nd dlopmnts n nc plphy dscbd n t chpt s Knb nrn sea ntodctn nd chs 1 Gttng rnh Phshy n h nh Cury t I ncud eeggr n rn l 1 chs 12 ot Exn Mrxm n Pr rance ch  Ky g n race chs 6 nd ckmo ggr n rnh Phosohy c -  bogphcl nomtn n St con cnng t pod om 1924 n t pblcton  &N n 19 s Lk Srr pp 20-59 nd n gt dtl Cohnol Srre Pts I-II nd Hymn rg Agan c -1 St dscb  hlsphcl nnc n An ntw wth n  St (19) pp  on t  lso L arr t I ch  nd nt Srr  Drner Phoh t 1  h jctng  s cmplcnt nchcg pctu  th mn sttn:  The Transcenn h Ego pp 01   Th Pars ecur (1) wokd nd xpndd ths w pblshd n nch n 19  s Mon rnnes (Cren Mns on o Hss' mt mpotnt lt wtns  On Ky ojv nd t ty  th smn  Klnbg eneraon xn pp 8  S Kj nruo  he ng  ge 6 t dd not ttnd Koj' Hgl mn (thoh hs nocd bsncs om  o mch  th 190s pod m pln ton o t) nd d's h  Mhyscs whch ppd n nch tnston n 19 nd ws d b St d t commnd hs ntt ntl  mh lt  th tbgphcl ccont gn b St o t cs  hs bopton o Hl nd dgg n r Dr pp 18 . S n nt wth nPl t' p 8 ymn rng Agn pp - gvs dnc tht n ddton Spnoz u Schopnh nd Ntzch w mpotnt o St nd tht St ws lso tngly tstd n th sult 8 mn rng Agns pp.  61 6 St xpmntd n 19 wth mln ( th 92 nt n Sarr By se pp 8) s ntt n pschoogc bnmlt shows tsl n Shr  Thery oh mn nd The mgnry pp 8 nnml stt o mnd  d to o th phphcl sncnc ntly n &N 9 S  mpl St's h lgnd  tuth (91)  spclt tzch ccount o ho th lu  tth m to b md 1. S .g oton ctu t (91) h cncln o Nausea (pp 26 nttns th Ntzcn d   jstton

OES

 xnc hgh   n ms s ncn nd ln d h n s s pdd  scng ny c cncn  S. S phsphcl pdn  csm s xpc n The Imgnr pp 1889 1 1 . Why d S n m c ssnc  (m) phl ph? On h ccl pid   Avntur on he reem Ro pp 21-8 nd Srtr, pp 2899 ng h cd gh 1 S mnns hs w n &N in l   n l 90 (Qut Momets n   pp  2 2) nd n 19 clmd h  h cncd nd  B&N n h phny  nd h Slg (Cnsn h S pp 1 6) 1 hs dng  dng h ndsmn  Hdg cc n 9 nd 190 S r Des, p 186 h S ss h i  nl nc h hd dscd h mpss' n Hs (  dlsm nd pssm) h h nd d Hdgg' (p. 18)  sn  pc   n mpd  cd ssmc n m cmmn Ss ngs m dgg   s  h d s y cndl s  dng  Hdgg 929  ht s Mephyc l l N h  gn n ccn  h phphcl dncs  S m dgg ynd hs mpd  h ccms md  Hdgg n B&N dscd n my x Wh my  d  ly  h hl S phlsp nls  sbn dplcn  Hdggn hms h sn  hs s ly cnd nd n ndmn  sd n h pcss S pppns  c n mj csn nd sl n  m shply nd phlspc psn  l dnnss  S phlsphc cmmmns n cmpsn  Hdggs s d     mphlspcl dnc h Hdggs nns  dsc n ln   dnl cncpn  plph hch S hs n  h Ths c m S ncns  sc n dgg' ccn  Dn h h cnds   ncpn n h ssm  B&N h sks h  ms pp n  pspc  cnscsnss nd cnc  ccdngly nd snc dg's nlc  Dn s dsgnd  d h Hssn nd m gnly h mdn phlspc mw h sl s - dpndng n n m  S's sccss - h n ncn   lnzd nd gnd Csnm m Ss pn   Hdggs nghs  nly p c ld nd hs clm c gnn dmn sn nl hy  xpsd n ms  cnscsns  nd sjcy m dggs S ls  ppc h sjc s p  h plm nd cnn  pd p m h ndnss  h n  h mnng  ng hc nds   cm A ms h ph  S' jcsn  Hdgg pps 



t b a etieval f ieaa, as th  939 t i  Dr pp  3- illstats wit spct t th the f thinss n wh Sat a, f bette  wse, b chaed with han s iusl isa eid, see Chapt  . lctins fo Jacb's witns ae available n The M hlosophl g n he Novel Allwill  5  a ul accunt f acobi and stanta idealism, s  Pa anks, A or Nothng Symy sl Auments n Spcsm n Grm Ilim (Cambe, Mass aad nsit ss, ) 6 See oclung snc osrp, pp 8-6 f a succinct stateent of this ida iekaads hsis f th pactica, task shaped natue of the ' es bac t ict 7 t is clea at least that Sate w eaad, sice in th  Drs fo 939 (p  2,    , 39) Sate ecods his eflecins n iekeaad's Th Cocep f Dea and ahls 93 std f kaa Sate's ssa n keaad keaad an t sinla niesal' dats fm 966, bt as clea actl  & can b ead as a s f iaas phsp 8 ne ao histocal fie abst fm th sketc ust dawn f ats phlsophica acests, ut wit wh Sa is ften assciate, s etsc Sate and ietsch shae som c n ound - thi ideas ccin th ipta f th dath f Go an te wiht f slfespnsibilit av siilaits, an the is a cnnce f ates ida of absut feed wth ietzschs lifeaati ieal f etnal ecce (se §35)  but th ae set fa apat b thei it diffent staces twads natals, te scp f hisphica asn ad the pssib f sstmatic phisoph t is patical iptant t t mpt into ou uestani of Sate t cmbinaon o a sujctiism with sefcatiism which (whthe  not t is ea his iew) s stanad attibtd t ietzsche (see §)  a fa asssst f Sa's eati to ietzsch, see v, Srr pp -33 9 A iuinatin stud of th ihteat eatin ma be fu in Dail Beazal, ,Vm eaismus  Esteniaisus Diettssia ict/Sate',  FchteStuen 2 2, -92 20 Qute  Chenoa, Srr p 5 21 Tanscenence of h go pp 2- Sat taes pains t epha sz that he has  ant t Kant, evn clan hisef happ t beiev n the existce f a cstitti cnscisss (p ) hs is smwhat msladin, fo it snds as if Sat is siin  t tancdntal ideais, weas in fact (as ees shotl) Sat dnies that bjects in enea ae cstitute b the subject eal Sat s nl atin the subject f antian ieaism pisal and  the sa f amt t is te wth  bcase ths isse ass als wth spect t B&, a 

O

s  meel tmilcal  hat Sat vea he a ud tadi f th ccep f tascdea whch disscate  tl fm dealis, whl ta the ida f pemdait th tacedetal is what pas t subjctvt pi t (id pedetl f,  abstact f) ts mms  ad amet with th actal ccete wd,   te wds, t th pel f mal dmes f sbjectit  l t t ths pt ae. 22 bd. pp 6-7 2 bid., p 7 24 Sat als dces, ibd, pp 78 the ida (stated ealie i mgntn p 11 that sch cscsss  as ns of ts but he wtht agumet ths  upplid lat   (see §3).  als te au ve  pp  meeg the bject that expeiec ca validat hs cteti that peecive csciusss f bjects s fee f a , sic a cstati f it ivlve eflcti ad th hws us a  2 bid., pp 9 h eas Sat  ae ccasi ( b, p. 1 t jct th tem sbject altte, but als ad me fte Sate cte t talk f a sbect ad f sbecivit udstd smpl as cscess this is  lge th subjec  ats eai f e em, but t s sbjectiit tsl ( xxxi/24), ad Subjectiit is t n ccuss  s cscisss (A tevew with Jaal Sat, 97 p 11 26 Th Transcenn  the go p 1 t that ths fthe au et is dpedet fm th pevis aumt l if ssl tascedetal ' is supped t b ffeed i panton f the pbilit f m ag mself t be bh subjct ad bjct, ad  ma b dbed hat uss iteded it t pla th l ut Sat s qte iht t sa tha the idt f e slf i ts dbe ue f sbjct ad bject is a explnnm tald b ssels mdel, f which t ests  bvs pnns 27 bid., p. 8 28 bd pp - 9 bid, p 1 h ametati whc e behid ths clam f Sae is ctad  ats Paagms f Pu Ra  h

tqe of Pu Rson 0 Th Tanscnn  the go p 7 1 bi p 10  Sate tes th lvat datum  th e fact tat th   s ve as tmat (ibid p  7  but las  nacctd f  Sats tae thus taks  vaus famila cceps f p ss ch as   Stas wllkw ew ad iflutal v, aed f  cape  f nls An ss n escptv Mtphscs (L Mthu, 199 4 h paael f belf i th  wth blif i Gd  nted b Sate, The Tnsnence of th g p 37 5 bd., pp 72 6 bid., pp 2-6 

N

37 bid  -8 8 Ibid  4-, 48 39 See aso mnon  4-, whee the ase tahyis o iaginatn  naive ontoogy' and thingish view'  iages   said t be that o the an on the treet' 4 he rnsne  the o  68 41  An interetation whih does nt in any case ake sense sne nothing is ahieved o exanation by the hyostatiation (ibid, pp 31-2) 4 Lv Srtr  186-9, gives a good idea o the bverion iied by The rnsne o the Eo 43 Th rnsnen o h o  2- 44 This miation eeges when Satre ggest that re ree tn wod invove th eination o ' thght bid,  4 1-2) The qestin, then is whethe sh a onscosnes od st sonsor actions ine  it od not t wd aea to hav ost its reedo 45 Satre acknowedges the aea o an iesona onsosnes', ibid,  46 46 bid  , 8, 9, 3, 45, 46  See r Dr  184 and 29 8 Th Tncenne of he   1 3, , and Sethor  heory of th mons  613 49 Sartre ost ersaive eame  that o eanho n whch he sas  ake the wd int an aetivey neta reaty, a sy te which is aetivey, in copete eqibri   ] n othe word, akng both the abiit and the w to ay ot the rojets  or entertained,  behave n sh a anner that the ni verse reqires nothing ore o e', Sth for  Thery of th moons  69  See ibd  5-8 n the bakgrond ies what Satre as a beie n ag: see  63, 66  The oncept o magic is biqi ts n atre' witing and aea in both negatve and ositive gises seties as here Satre itiies or o nsios ne a s agia bt on ther ocasion he addes agiaity as an eeent  oet eanatins Satres nderyng view is that n  snse agic is te' i agi  the wer o onscs ness t detemine reait in aordane wth hoe indeendent o any hsia asa ed then Sarte, antinatrastiay beieve in it And it i beu this  o that it is ssibe or on scisne to abe' its agia owes', as it does n emoton 1 See he mry es  48ff  See h Trncnn of th o  23-, 4, 8-9, 1-2 53 See ibid, p 49 54 See xsntm n umnsm  6  Th rnsnen of h o  9 artre is qting  Hsse's  56 bid   5-6 

NO

 Th Tancnnc f h go . 34  bid  -3 9 bid p 3 60 bd pp. 9-0 61 bd pp   6. Sartr ha a partular intt n abnormal eperin  thnk ing h thoghts a rened objtall and onqntl a an see h gnd o truth' p 0 u,  144- and Th mgnry, pp 1-6 The athoogal relationship  thinkr t thoght hih Satre desribe n the la res the hnonoogy whh is imlid b th ubjtrediat mdl 6 Fr the eot tat onsion aks in it natura attitde t absorb t n the m a nver ompt rewardd' (Th Tancnnc of h g . 9) 6 See  Dr, p 14 6 Th tnerar o a thught' (1969) p. 36 66 At an rate matra o a mhanisti' ot and the on ther speies o matralis that artre admits s dialtia ateria s o daleti o natr'  a natal pross hh rodue and slves an nt an nsmbe o hsia aws'  Sart aso rjet (bid  3) Sartres unndtional rejton o natali is rssd larl in r Dr,     Sat deribs the onpton o man a a pi' a an abamnt o human natu' a degradatn' o the hman ondition t s notab that Sat objtn onerns a matter o va ather than o thor tal phiosh t as his ove rom Hserl to Hidgger has a valueointaton s r Da  1 wher he as that in 198 h oght a philoph that as not jut a ontlation but a dm a hroi a holin - anthing that ght a e to hod out) 6 Lv arr p. 0 apty dribs th phlooh o B&N as th ver ito o a ohnt antinatual 6 Sarte  this trm n eg h  Lraur  30 n8 69 au, p 1- 16. 0  Cnring that Sartre' phlooh nvrthlss drvs t b desribd a gnuin rancnnl ee &N 16 here Sart as that hi td is onrned wth tablshing what mt rendr a peren ble and hw n gnal an objt an eist  onsiouns' and that what ak al ene poib' s a pror (v th oiginal upsurg  the rtsl') Satr's original ov i to dgnate th trann denta ondtons nolca (h ages that thi llo om the nessit o hr bng tranndntal ondton i  that to aet the tranndental is t aet that the tranndental is ontologia) 1  The dait onetion  the ubjt as ontainng t world has a loo quvalent n Sartre's ida  the subjt as rpnbl fo 232

NOES

the world s §3); b tis ida ns in osquc o the do trine o reedo, not as a ondion  it . For lea staments o thes objtions, s  qations rom Wahl,  Shor Hory of xsalm  -30, blow n §11, and at gate ngth, al, xstne and an reedo, and erleaPont, Th Vbl a h Ivsbl   3 As aniad ts , B&N is b iossible o rad and oo easy to rad ('a la ois isible t tro isib' Hggr  rc I  0) n an inteviw n 19 Satre roahd hms or sng liteay hases in a text whose angag shod hav been strity hnia' (Seoait a svny',  9) 4 Wat Satr has shown he  sggst, s lss e absrdity o Heidgg's osion, tan the distan at whh Hedgge's laims stand, in tes o tei hioshial gama, m tradtiona mtaysial roostions: bas Sa is oid (as said above, not 1 3) o sng a lativey tradonal ind o hilos ia nqiy, he has no intrs n tending intrreaive arity to Heideggr  is o not tat in  Drs  13, Sat says that  had bn nable ntialy, n 34, o entrat g a Tm bease h had bn nabl t ogn in i an  th taditiona robms', o onsosness, knowdge, alism and idealis, t)  Dieently t, wha Sat's argn sows s that h eno enaist is omtd  a deationay aont o bing 6 Sa ses th Sholasi teminolg, whh  ave avoided rr aive innitiv)  to rev r assive nini tiv)  o be erived; rs rsen artil) = reivng; rcum (eret ariile) = that whih s revd,  objet o rion  sally h Trscc of h go and ntntinality' 8. T gative and vsionay qaly o ts exlsion' s a sizd in ntentonality' 9 Se ntentionaliy',  4-, were t (dgstiv') hisohy o ntns o onsiosnss and the intenal lie' is rejtd on gonds o e hennogia alsity, and t isto ogia robems it ates ar not even red t Again in Satre's attak n mgiao on h thiniag' ontion o iaginaton, esogia onsidratins nte only obliqy Sa hags ts ontion with beng nabl to aon or t henonogia atal sntaneity and rtainy with whih mages are dstingshd o ons s g  94-101), b not wth navoidab setial imliaions ne th wo's sbtitle, a syhologl ritiq') 0 and Fank exlains Satre's view, and res it bak to earlie ostKantian inkes, in ha  orucuralsm ans Sabne Wk and Rihad ay (innaols Unvrsity o innaois Press, 199)  194 1 t is woth ointing ot tat when Sar tals o onsiosnss,  is nevr thinking  it qu a stat tha w rib t orsevs 

NS

or others arte is endeavorng to loate the asriptve phe noenon o onsosness, onsiosness as t s independent o and por to ts dgeental iptaton n arte's vew, phlo sopha reeton o the nonphenoenooga knd that we ind in the philosophy o ind, instead o grasping the phenoenon o onsosness itsel, sdes nto onsdeation o the onditions nder whih t an be hugh ha there s, o that a person has, onsosness o soe obet, and o what s plied by this The phot s that we or a oneption o eve or own onsios ness tanted wth a thirdpersona harater, e o what Sarte als the psyh' see § 2 The oplex obnation o las derbed hee is lear in ar Dars p 09 onsiosness o han reait () otates tsel wthot being ts own ondation    there is a onsosness that otites its own strtre', and n addton (i) an have no on dation  any transendent ondation o onsiosness wod i osiosness wth its own hands, while givng bith to t' so the at o onsosness s irredibe and absrd' 3 The ideais arte has i nd s that whih onees transen dental ondtions n jur rathe than fac tes, ie Kants  Satre had orgnal aepted the estene ohy see magnan, pp 33  There is aso a derene, artre ponts ot, o hs ontooga proo ro Kant's Retation o Ideals n the ru of Pu Rasn the atter estabshes erey  ur transendenta on dtons, dentying an epste deand withot showing it to be satised (xxxii/9) arte's poo shows the  faco stats o the tansendenta, t ontologa atait t s o interest, and haatest o Satre's eoneption o the tansendenta, that he bilds the Kantian norate eeent into the ontooga ab i o onsiosness see 4 on onsosness as obigation' 6 See alo note 9 above, regarding the obliqe reation o pheno enology o epsteology  Satre epains how e stands exaty between (and beond) Hsser and Hedegger, epong the ters o eah to (e)interpret the other, n ntentionay or being is that o beingintheword', bt ths bengn' st be nderstood as oeent', speia, the oeent whih onsosness s, or onsosness is noth ing bt a oveent o leeing itse See aso Consiosness o sel, p 1 3  For whih eason, eeaonty s one wa orret and n anothe sleading when he as tht arte epets o aon or or porda aess to thngs' by eans o his dais ontoogy (Th sb an h nvsb p ) 9 Caying what s at isse, ee ert Bhdah, The proble o neg aton', Phosohy an Phnomngca Rsach , 96, 163 90 Ths identiation is expiit n Nobofr an hcs   9   The oots o estentais', p   



9 Ibid p 2 Wa add tat Sates eaisdais ipa eads to on etan point a etn peaps een a eo fo the oneptons ofHeidegge towads tose of Hege and Hsse (p 8)  93 Ibid p 25 9 Ibd pp 4 6 95 a xistene and hman feedo p 6 96 On te eam/deai abigity in B&N see Natanson A Crqu of Jenul Sresnooy  9 9 See ntentionaity p 4 Hsse is not a east: t tee on its bt of pad eath is not an abote w wod sbse qenty nte nto omniaton wt s 98  Sate aso obes to the onepion of e sbet as soeign standing aboe te wod extiatd fo the wegt o aty wih  dsoes n tansendenta ideai It i owe qestionabe tat tis image  aat and to the extent that t  tat ansendnta dais teeby diffe fo Sate own onepon of  sbet (the ey ame ompain at Sate makes againt Kant ha been made feqenty of Sat hmsf se Chape  egading eeaPonty) 9 Kant tansndenta ideasm ay b noeent too b it is not nent n the ae way sne Kant dos not asset that we ae onsiosss o t roun of  sensatons w po ide te at of pnoena 00 Sate is engaged teefoe with t tadtiona mtapysia pobe onening te eaton of te One and the any a it appas in fo exampe Patos rmen 101 eeaPnt epasie tis n he Vble n he nsbl saing tat B& attempts to tink te toa beng  wat is ttay and so takes p a standpoint otside of beng (p 4); it piospy s instaed in p ision n te aeia ew of the panoaa (p ) higatitd tnking (p 9) Meea Ponty gad tis as the only standpoint oped in B&N ontay to wat  ag beow 10 Tis nestited abon fo is poophy gos and in and wt Sates oitent to the piay f ooloy as e pa sie in  195 An nteiew with anPa Sa (pp 1 4) 103 eang t to othe to atept to ty to epain it wtin a ateiaist sy (An inteiw wt eanPa ate 195 p 0  Aso Te fed of posopy as i iit et by st bon pa an (anthopooge p 3) 104 h Natanon: Sates "Copenian eotion is esentaly te attept to foate at te ontooga ee wat Kant atepted to sow at t episteooga ee (A rqu of JenPul rs Onology, p 93  0 he ame so of eas egadng pspetial fo t i woth notng ges aso and oe pity in eaPonty wo as tat indeeinay o abgt - popetes w 

N

w naturay egate to istmolo - ih n h or ot me n our aehnio o cotio of thi. 0 A reated qstion of mtahiooh cocern Sart's a tion t the iay of ractia rason'. Does ate tik that th atioait of beif abt theotia matters  roly dtemnd (at ast n at) y or atcal itrts; o does he rgad toeta quy as atooms  ation to th racica? Agai te aears to be a lit on the one hand, at a sem to b oedi n B&N o th ass o an attemt to dti ow w ust tik of thi n or that w an dem oursevs  o t oth had, te strctur f B&N, b vte of bennin wt ontoog and ovng soly tads a et, sem to m th autono of theorical aso (se aso A ntview ith aPa Sartr', 195, . 5, whr atr airm that otoogy is atoitatve for ati) But again t ems hat Sate dos ot cosd that e eds to choos: bea he thks tat th cot toogy is th o tat oceeds fom oscosess, ad caus consosnes is aady actica ad vaeorntatd (see §7 ), ratca ad thetia eason ae ndaental oe. 0 O ths constra o atre' tasedeta etod, s acks, Sartr, Stao and othr' 08  Se Satr's at iatn of sycoloy i An tevw wth JeanPau Sate' (17) . 8 and 38 hoogy do ot xst'  do ot liev  th xistc o ychoog.  hav ot doe t ad  do ot liev it est' 0 See Satr' ai citia disusio o syhoaals  Stch for  Thory of h motons . 485. 1 10 e Conciousness o sf ad owge o  (948),  138-0  l l . Th ranscnnc of th go  43-5 0  2  bid.,  5. l B  o flr discusio o he matia n  9-30, s y Sate, ntesubjctivy, ad Geman idea, Journa of th tory of Phosohy  200, 2-  . The acout  n B&N  fth nessty o th bod tast ith t smacdnta stats in h rncnnc ofth go . 40-1, whe th bd is tord oy as a vble and tab smbol o the  115 atr' acont do ot theeo, dce to he v that the bod is to be dntifd uesved with an emn of t objctive oder ich s meey non n two dffert as e Gaeth Evas h Vr of Rfrnc ed Jon MDwe (od Ofod Unvsit ess 18), . 2 . Sart's onceton o ngatvty as th ssnc (i a certi snse) of feedom is ronded  his at, omle a atsa fo' 4) ih attemt to tiev fom Desates ncetons o dvie rdom t orct formla o huma frdo, vz. o gativty as rdtv' ( 80). 

NOES

1 17 he dsocato offeedo fo w ocus  he Tancenee of the Ego  8, he Imgnay  1-, ad Wa Dres p -6 118 Sant Geet p 8 1 1 9 Mac, Estc ad uma dom pp 61- 1 Mace es to msudtad Sate  th wa, Exstece ad ha eedom p 9 1 1 71 tew O Th dot of t Fay'  17 122  Sas ay ate commets o eud, t toe s moe o catoy ad th attude o ox see, g he ta of a tough' (1969),  6 1 S he rancenence of the Ego p 6-7 12 See ao the dcto of ue fcto  he ancenence o the Ego  12 89 1 ue efco  cta to Sates Noteboo for  thc e esp   ad p 78 coeso a a fo  ptua faue o ey oe of e otss attmts to be ( 72)  Snt enet e ae ge what ses to  a aout o the acheet  the cha  M cto   ba   ,   77ff See aso ates maks  hs 91 tew O The Iot of the Famy p 1, hh tas o oaccsso' feto a he ctca wok o a do o oesef dug oe te if tough prxi at ta t abut oso sggeted  BN Beao's he Ethcs of mbiguty mhas the mpoace o adca coo see ch 1  1 Estc ad ha eedo  6 17 tentlsm an umaism  1 8 Ibd pp 31-2  S aso Wht  Ltertue pp -6, wh ate adots Kats aguage of te k gdom of eds ad oto o the good , cofg hs dageeet th Kat to te queso o te codtos of eaato 19 xtentlm an umim p 29 1   bd,  278, 3 ad &N 2/9  gab at hsef  atd ee Se otebook for a Ethc  9, ad he detad tq of deotooga coc to o aue,  268 ad 69 obgato ad dt cop Sat agues, a aeatg ystfcato o eedom 1 2 ee  ths oecto The rncenence of the Eo  161, agug tat the soaato o  the fd o ocosess dmes h dea of ostc (mu  opredeed) o ato moed  the oa shoogy o ech oast suc as La Rocfouaud 1 A efu accout of th oteboo fo an Ethc s odd b Wa McBde  Srtre' Poltcl Theory (Boogo: daa sty ess, 1991)  68 1 See, g Beauo cts of  hst atttude, he thc of mbguty  , ad of fase objct',  17 7

OE

5. S  Wha is Lteatue,  5 not  and Krkgaard th snuar unra As Sartr put t atr rdom  nt a tmh (Th tnrar o a thought . 5)  Marc n Estnc and human rdm, p 5 obcts to Sartr that w can ony b cndnd to rdom  rdom  a oss or dvatn But th s s act Sartrs ostn.  he Vble an the Invble  689 and s  7. . onrsatons wth artr (97)  5 Sartr dscrbs &N as attmtn o vndcat ths ntuton ( 4) toh t argumnt cncrnn th mossbt o an ntts . Nauea p 85     08: th tnc o orat ar rom rovn God ks m at a dtanc. 4   Chrtna Hows Sartr and ngatv thg, Moen Lnguages Revew 6 98 54955 . Gods stnc s as artr ut t efuse s Matrasm and routon . 87 4  dcu th ssu urthr n Sartr cng and ontothoo Relgous Sues  6 4-  S ancaud eegge en Fance o.    9 5 ong o no and romsn a osca ont xstntasm aard n t 9, s Wah Th roots of stntasm (949) A gd ns o what Sartrs xstnta sm amunt t a a cutura movmnt an b gt  ookn at th art  th rod and Sartrs nvovmnt wth t s Pas Pos Wa A an tentalm 1945-55, d. rancs o (ondon at Gary, 9. 4 v Sate, . 78 s a vd account oats ouar ty and notort S aso auvo, he Foce of cumsance, . 8  S Postr tental Mam n Poswa Fance,  0- 48 us n h ctons on h staton  t wrtr n 9 n Wha  Leaue  8 Sart dscbs th otcs o Stanst ommunsm a ncmatb wth th honst ractc  th trar cat (. 89, and currnt Marst tho as su osng a tud dtrnsm and mnta scntm ( 9; th (rnc) wtrs task s to undo t cunt mytcatons o azm Gaus athocsm and nc counsm ( ) S aso Matrasm and vton (9, sp pp 88-9  dactca matrasm s cagd wth mnatn subtvt and tus tng an nto an obct  or borahca normato cncnng th ar ost& rod s a, Sate, . 5 onSoa , Pa  and aman, Wtng Agans chs 5-8 50 Ao bongn to Sartrs dnc f xtntas  scc ay aanst hs Marxt ctc  s Matrasm and rvouton (948  5  S as t maks o  n ,   

N

5 he Second Se  295 see Gng ench Phoohy n the wenteth entuy  680 h in s wok Bevoi s meely lng Ses des wo ccsm o modfica on a be conesed see Soni ks Simone de Beavoi and he lims of fedo' Socal ext , 987,  53. See Eisece nd mn feedom' . 33 , , 2 53,  4 n conas wh eclly anicanohone ciqes of Se as noed beow 5. he dob s wel exessed b vy n Sate  99-00 56 Sevel of eeon's ccss of Se ave been efeed o ald e noes 7, 88 0  7 e vme eded b Sew he Deate between Sate and MeleauPonty conins e elevan ay es ean o he gmen of eePon nd Sae incldng Beavo's coneac on Saes bea (whc accses euon of fndea misdesndns of Sae's oson s wel s e cca commen o a snoc vew of  sses se agae Whfod eeuon's ciqe of Ses osohy n neeive accon' ench Stue 33, 979, 30-8, eined n Sewa ed   geae engh Meleau Ponty Ctue of Sate Phlooph (exon encky enc om 98, and ok ane Se and Mee Pon  easl' n Schl ed he Phloophy ofeanPau Sate nd ened in Sew ed. 8. See Unfoeeen toy a 3 59 Se evinas Humanm of the Othe  390 and 9- On he elion f Se wh evinas see Chsna ows Sae nd Levns' in Robe Benscon n Davd Wood ed he Povocaton ofLevna Rethnng the Oth (Lndon edge 988, and Dvid Jong evnas Sae nd ndesandn he ohe' ounal of the Bth Socety fo Phenomenology 2,  993 24-3 1 60. he hiscl cicmsnce o he Lette is eevn edege  whom a co f B&N had been gven in 945, had wen o Se askng im o nevee on edegge's bef n his deNafcan ocess Se dd no e On he Lette see Kleinbeg Geneaton xtenta  8-99  Lette   6. Lette . 265 see  63. 63. S Lette  , 250 64 See Lette  0-. . he wngs in eson (b en ogi eni Leebve and en an as wel s Lkcs ae wel dscssed n Pose Extental Mam n Potwa ance  1-2 66 See cuse Esenas' 32930 ase chge s ce ny nsified soc and Chisan docne s  mn can acheve s telo .e ful hs eedom ndeedenly of obec ve ccsance; Sae ss nhng of he so 

S

6 S na 22 and 335 hooh do o o h oua  o orhndg ha  n 33) Sa ror o Maru hor rudaon of hlooh  of ou o ak hn  d and ho  oo o god h on o fdo n  a o hh  ond on oa o a unf  h or addd ar o h a M aru o Sarr h ra foao o hooh o o hh h od u h  o  Crique o d agan h rao 6 n nr h an arr 975)  9 8 3 9 39 69 Coraon h aPau Sa (9)  3  ad n  h aPau Sa (95)  9  7 h rar of a hou  69)    n   7 n   Sae By Hime  76 Sarr a ha n BN h d o offr a a nu o gnra ao ma n hou ag no aoun  fa ha ha n  aa u hora    aPau Sa ro 966)  93 a ad 72 h na o a hogh 969)  35 a addd Sar hr dr hf a    o BN n h g o   o hrom  34 ogh h h had o and ha no ad a a r andd  33   o a a  a a a   r o hoo o  a ao o o ua fohrh  o  a  o rdo  o ad  h 972 r Se y Hime  59  ahrooog ( 966  6 9 a ad o dand o  ar arr hmf o r  i ddon o anhooog Cque ofDilectl Resn, o     3     98 49   h  o a og  969)    75 h explnndm o  ue  a  o oadr han  Ma ro o nrang oa ondon q aan  oa d a o o or a f ma of h ang da o  Cque  hoa R n Ste an Mi Esenilim: The e se o Coletve Renbly (Cha  of Cao  98)  6 d   ad  a  h n  a o a ogh  969)  6 6 nd  a  d  ho o ha od  o hun a aa   a h a uo  Se Pa  h 3 ( 38f) a    Sa ooa oa a od a non ad  d fo ha hh aa N hh g ror o h  o oa ad oa an h a h u had  Sa ar ng  Coraon  Jana Sar 97)  352  

NOES

8 Convsatons wt anPaul at 9),  38 6, 61. sal onfsng s at's am tat  sa tat dom snts somtng tat dosn't s but tat gadual as tsf'  3) n t tms o B t sould b sad nstad ta fdom sts alad n t mod of t fotslf, and n add ton ma at tsf gadua n a wold fom n so a as t s ad n umn ondut  lso a's mks n dom n a 98 ntvw Hpe ow   9 Convsatons wt anPaul at 9)  3. 8 T ltatu on t advnt of stutuasm and oststutuasm s tnsv o a la dtad aount s Guttn en ohy n he wenteth enty Pat III Post, Etenta Ma n otw ne  8, taks t dvomnts n aton to Sat's asm 8 e Saage Mn  249; t bulk o at  o ts book s dtd aganst t lt a's ontns o sto and d ta ason 8  e Ode of hng  9 s . 3246 adn t fa u o nomnolog) and  3 f gadng t ma of t nononsous), and Tut and ow' 97) . 67 On as to dsns t t onsttunt subjt to gt d o t sujt tsl, vn t std subjt o ats Ctqe Summazn t dsagmnt and domntn t mutua tsm of at and Fuau s Tomas R Fnn, ate oucat and Hta Rean  Towa an tentat eoy f Ht Cao nvst of Cgo Pss 99)   8 Ddas 968 tu  nds of man' ondmns at's umans dstoton and antoooal msnttaton' of dg and ndd also o  nd uss ) at d ot  bn a t  aoun o t  st aagas'  en an e 38)  donstt ang o oso   ds nt na n aandomt of ts losoal oatons ov as t Dda tatmnt o t at atan tm of fdom n ans e eene of eed sos  dg t  donstton as non tss tasomd t goundus o os dsos s sown b ans dsusson of at  960 w Satan fdom s dssoad fom a das of usat and osst of atn and dsbd s ostvl sstant to ontual) sntatn o asons gvn a n §36 t s at undstndab  an sd tak ts n, ut fom ats stadont t ostn tt suts amounts to a dna o t at of fdom 8  nbg eneatn tena   nd Rokmo Heegge nd ench ooy s -7 at ommnts t a on  sttuast dvomnt tass Fout an ltss) n t 966 ntv anPau at ond s aso antoog 966) 

NOS

185 eeen Ht p 7 18 6 Je Habema  he ea  aaul Sae'  ot Teoy v   3 Auus 2, 651  pp 48 ce d ae, e Te oene 6, Jue  ,  56 187 The view f Sae a a ppsmden may be fud,  dien fm, i Chsa Hw, Clui Sae and he deuci f he sube, in Hwels ed Te Cbge Copnn t Sate  ael  Te New Sate Epoaton n tden (dn Ciuum, 200), duin ad ch 1, ad Pee Bge, Sate Ene ooe e Ab (akfu Suham, 00), h 2 Bg claims ae a a hike w i he use  s dvme mes  ive aswes  quei lae mad b pmden auhs (p 26 A cauius ase f gadi Sae a nv n w uasm (gh  wi pssuaim)  mad by e Caws in  Sea uuaism, i Hwell ed

Te dge Copnn t Sae

188 The uan bcmes espeiay ad  udesad we i i sueed a pmdem, faced wih is w pia, eeds  eu  Sae see, g, Be ate p 1518 18  have spke f h pden subjc a f hee wee a ingle uh n cepuall I s dubful i fac ha he eais  he bjec i uaul, Laca, Deda, Dze ad s  ae all f a iee, b I a simp wg he ems  d i empled by he wh wish  pmdeie Sa 190 See, as ecially whwhe hyli is' eay b, Sate Cnept  te en An Anyt Aoc he diussis f pcepi i Cuch ng ate ad as ele  Sae's undadi  fwlde  toty n

Etngeent

BI  AHY AND SU GSIONS FR FURT RA NG

G O R  dat o ona baton b Sat o, fubshd osths,  oto 193

9 3

93 93-37

93 99

939

h nd  uth, n he Wtng o enal ate Vome  Seeted oe d Mh Cotat and M ybaka, tas ad MCa (anstn  Nthwstn Usty P 94) d d a t n Le t de te honooe bbhe ommente, d Mh Cotat ad M ybaka (Pas Gaad, 9) Mton tu at,  The Wtng o enal te Vome 2: eeted oe d Mh Cotat d M ybaka, tas. had MCay (astn os Nthst Unsty Pss, 9) t mat ahqu  Le t de te hnooge bboe mmente, d Mh Cotat ad Mh Rbaka (Pas amad, 7)] mantn  yhlg tqe tas ost Wa (An bo Unsty o Mhan Pss, 92) LImgnaton (Pas x Aa 9)

The Tnendene o the go:  keth  a henome noog eon tas Adw Bow, to aah hmod Londo otd  aso Te Tnendene o the go n tentt Teoy  Conne tas ad d st Wams ad Robt

katk ( Yok onda, 97) [a asda d o sqss d dton hmnoq Reehe ophqe , 9-, -3 ea ta obt Badk (aondswoth u 9) a e (PaGaad 938) Fas  The Wtn o ena e Vlme : eete oe d Mh Contat and Mh ybaka, tas Rhad  (asto, Inos Nothstn Ust P 974 Vsa  Le t de Ste hnloge ogphe mmente d h Cotat and h ybaka (as Gamad 9) ttoaty a fdamta da of uss hn ooy as. oh P  on o the th oet  henmeno  no , 97, 4- ntd  Dmot Mon ad othy ooy ds, Te henomenogy 

 AP N R  AN

Reade London Rouedge, ,  8 ne

 -

d ondaenta de a bnongie d uel 'neninna' in Staion I Pas Gaiad, 7. Sket fo  eoy of e oon tan. ili Mae odn Methun 7) [e dne thoe de o on Pais mann, )

Wa ae oeookfo a oney Wa ovee 13 Ma 140 ans Qunn Hae ondon Veso 8) [e ne de a de de gee novee 13mas 140 ais Gamad 8) d and exanded edn anet de a de de gee eee 13mars 14 Pa Gamad, 5.



Te aginay tan onathan Webbe ondon Ruedge,  o e yoogy of Iaginaion  an enad ecman London Meuen, 7 Iagnae yhoogie pnonooge de iagnon Pa: Gamad, )]

1

Beng and oingne: n Ey on henoenooga Ontoogy  ublished, ndn Meuen  Co 8 cuen n n, ondn Rouedge 15 [e et e nant Eai donooge nonooge a Gamad, 4]

1944

15

o t A ay n One  an. Pau owe New Yo Sau enc, 5) ao ed, n a deen ansa n aea [ o e en n ate ai Gaad, 5 Caeian eedm', n eay nd oo Eay

ans. Anntt Micesn London utchnon 8 a be casene'  aion  a Gaad, 7)] 1 Eienaim and an ans Ph Mae  ndon Meuen,  tenaie e n an e Pa dton Nage  Maea and evun, in teay and ooa  Eay ans Annee Miceo London utchnon, 8) Matame e vouin', n Staion  Pa Gaimad, 4] 4 adeae an Man unel ndon ozon 4) [Badeae Pas Pn du u 4)] 1 niee and Jew an. Geoge  Becke New Yk Schocken ook,  [Rfeon  a eon je Pais Mohen, 1] 7-8 otebook fo an Ei ans Davd eaue Ccag nivei o Cag Pess,  2 ae po ne oae Pas Gamad, 1)]. 48 Cnscoune of se and knowdg f ef, an Ma Een and Naanel awence, n Nahane Lawnc ad Dane Co ed Readng in tenta 

BIOAPY D  ADI

henomenoog (Eglood Cls  Jsy nte all 967 [Cosec de soi t onassace d s Ben de a oc franae de a hohe  o 3 Ailu 8 49 8 rh and Eence tans Ada a e ove (Cago: nsity o Cago ss 99  e eence d Altte EkamSate (ais: Galimar 89 48 Wha  erare? tras Bead cta (Lodon etun 967 Qus u la littatu  Saon  (as Gaiard 98] San Gene cr and arr tans Brad rectma  (Nw ork Bral 963 an Gene omden e mar r (as Gallmad  9860 The e cenaro tans Qun oae d JB ontals (oo Vso 85 [e Scnar red (aris: Gallma 98 586 rqe of aeca Rean Vome 2: he negbi  Hor ed Aett EkamSartre tans Qutn are (ono: Verso 99 [rqe e a raon aecqe 2 Ineg de hore ed Alett EkamSat (ars: allma 98] 96 rqe oaea Reaon Vme 1 Theor ofraca Enembe tas Ala SaSmt d Joata  (Lodo es 98 rqe de a raon daecqe 1 66

66 9

97

Thoe e enembe raqe  de en de mhode (as Galad 96] Kraad t sgula unversa  eween enam and arxm trans Jo attews (Ldo: Vso 8 ns sgule  an IX (ars

Gallmad   0] atrooe  an IX (ars: amad 97 he an t te tareodr  Beween Eienam an arm tans Jon atths (ndo: Verso 8; and n en Tme Seeced Nonon d ofre all tras obi Buss (eui: amodsrt 0 [omm au agntohne n aon IX (ais: Gallard 72] The am Id Gave aber 1821157 5 ols tras Caol Csma (Cago and ono: nesity o Ccao ss 9893 [do e a famie: Gave aer de 81  85,  vols (ars: Gallad 9 7

A annotate bibliorahy o Satres tgs u util 969 is ro ved y Mice Contat ad icl Rbaka in The Wrng of eana arre (Easto lnois: orthster nvsty ss 973) e r e arre hrnooge bbgrahe ommene d  Contat a  bala (as almad 9 e bogra s udatd b Cntat ad bala  Magazne rare, 

BBIAPH AD UH ADN

nos 103-4 195 99; b Mihel Sad n Oblqe no 18-19 Ma 199 33-47 and b Contat and balka n Sartre: Bblograph  (Bowng en Ohio hilosoh Domentation Cent Bowing een State nisit 199) [Sartre Bograhe 980992 (as CNS dition 1993)]

COLLCONS O SRR'S WR NGS Setons fo Sates hiosohal witins oanid temati al and dawn bstantia fom B&N a containd in Jeana Sartre: Ba Wrtngs ed Stehen iest (London: Routledge 200) Ode lectis of t a sot ae he Pilosophy of JeaPaul artre, ed obet Denoon Cuing (London Metn 196) ad eana Sartre: he hosoh of tentam ed Wade Baskin (Nw ok losohica Liba 96) ates ste witins a bed in Staton 0 ols (a allimad 42

Staton  rtqe ttrare (ais alad 19) taton  (ais alliad 1949) Staton II (ais aiad 4 Situatio I otrat (ais aad 1964). taton  Coloname et ocoloiasme (ais almad 96) Staton V Poblmes d marme 1 (a: aad 96) taton V rolme d marme 2 (ais alliad 965) Situatios V utou e 68 (ais almad 2) Staton I Mange (ais amad 192) Staton  Potiue et autobiogaphie (a: aiad 976) Colons of Sates shot wtngs  Enish tansation

 Beteen tentalm and Marm, tan ohn Matthews (Londn Vo 983) [fo taton VI and Situatio I].  a n Aethetc, ed. Wad Basin (New ok Washngton Sae ess 1966) [fo taton I and I]  tera and hoopca a, tans nnte icheson (London: Htchinn 9) [fo taton  and tatn I   Moe imes Selected Noncton, ed eoffe Wall tans obn Bs (ngin Hamondwoth 200) [o taton -VI and IX wit etat fom Sates books and ounais]  Sate i the eente nterve an d says tan. Pa Aste and Ldia ais (London Ande etsh 97) Staton   Selecte Pe (The Witig of eana Sate Volume 2), d Mice Conta and Mhel Rbaa tans ihad McCla (Eanton nois: Nothwesten nieit ess 97) [e crt de Sate hoologie ibliogaphie ommente d. Mche Conta and Mhel balka (as alad 190)  taton tans Benta le (New ok: Bail 96)

Situatio 



 OGAHY AN  R REAN G

NRVWS WH SRRE By a of inie

959

966 969

197

1972

97

975

1975

96

980

The us of iig ieiw h Maeie Chaa i ewee eialm ad Maim, as oh Mahe odn eo 1983) es iains  so in Siuao X (Pai aimad 9)] JeanPau Sa ond inie ih Bena ingaud c sia sue ae aujoud hu o 30, 966, 897 Th iina  a hogh New Lef evie 58, 969, 4366 eid n Bewee ieialim ad Maim, a Joh Mahes oo Veo 1983) Sa a Sae i Siuaio  Pai aimad 972) On he io of he Famil ieviw h ich Coa ad Mic Rybaa i Sae Le/iuai: a Wie ad Spoke, d Pau Au ad Ldia Daie N Yo Panho 9) [e Mode  May 97] Sae  Hme ini icoa i h asc of a dounay m diecd by Aa Asu ad Mihe Coa as Rhad Sa Nw Yo Un

98) [Sae Ufilm ali pa leade uc e Michel o a Pas amad 19)]

Coaio wih JanPau Sae AuguSmb 9, i Simoe  Bavi ieu  aewell o Sae, ans Paic OBia aowoh Pgu 198) is avc JanPau Sae Aoseb 94, i La moie de aieu (ais aiad 98)] Sfoai a sy ievw h Mic Cona i Sa Le/Siuaio a We ad Spoke, e Pau Ause and ia Daies Ne o Panheon 977) uooai a oiadi ans i Siuai ] An ievw i Jaau Sa i Mih Rbaa Os Puciai and Suan unhc i Pau Au Sch d he Philooph of JeaPaul Sae (La Sae iis Oen Cou 981) A iie ih JeanPau Sae wih Lo e i ug J Siema ad dec A Eiso ds Jea

Paul Sae oempoa ppoache o Hi Phioophy (Bho ae 980) Hope Now, inie ih Benn Lvy a Adian va d oe Chiago Uivi of Chiag Pess 996) [Lpoi maea Le eeie e 9 (agas Vei 199)

RRE TTRS TO BUOIR

9639 Wie o M Le he Lee ofeaPaul ae o Simoe de eauvoi 9-99 d Smo d auvoi an ee ahe an Noma MaAfee oon amish 7

B LGRAP A  R ADG

amn 1992 Lette au Cat et  ueues aute . 926-939 d Smon d Ba (Pas Gaad

93)] 190-6 Quet Mmet i a Wa: The Lette of JeaPau Sate to Sime de eauvoi 94-96 d. Smon d Bav

tans.  Fahstock ad Nma MacAf ndon Hash am 99) Lette au Cat et  ueue aute 2 9-63 d. m d Bav Pas Gaad 98

RIIGS O OTHR P LOSO HER RRRD TO Bavo Smo d The thc o mbguit (19), as Bnad Fchtma (Nw ok Ctad Pss 1996) Pu ue mae de ambigu Pas Gaad 9 Bavo m d The Secod Sex (199 as and d H M Pashy don Vtag 99 Le Deuxme Sexe 2 vs Pas Gaad 99) Bav Smn d ce of icumtace (196, tans chad wad Lndon And DtscWdd and Ncoson 1965 a Fce de choe Pas Gamad 196) Da Jacqs Th ns of man (1968, ans Edad MotS t a. Phiph adPhomeoogica Reseach 30, 969, 315 ntd n Magi of hisph ans an Bass Chc Uvst f Ccag Pss 982) Mage de a phiophie (Pas Mnt 192. Fcat Mch The Ode of higs  chaeog f the Huma Sciece (1966) ondo avsc Pbcatons 190 Le Mot et e choe e achgie de cece humaie (Pas amad

1966]

cat Mc t ad ow (9),  Pwe/Kwedge Seected teview ad Othe itig 9719 d Con don (Nw Yok Pathn 980)  Vte  vo Lc 0 9,

1626.

g Gg hm Fdch Phemeg f Spit (180) tans A V M fd fd Uvsty Pss 19) Phmegie de ite (Babg and zbg Gbhad

1807)]

Hdgg Matn eig ad Time (9) tans. Jh Macqa ad Edad obsn (Ofd Bas Backw 98 Sei ud eit (a Nma 19) dgg Mat What i Metaphic? (199 n Pathma d. am McN (Cambdg Cabdg nvs Pss 99) [Wa it Metaphik Bon dch Con 199. Hdgg Man Lette  Humaim' (19 ans Fank A. Caz  Pathmak d a McN (Cabdg Camdg Unvs Pss 1998 ief e de Humamu Bn A Fnck Vag 19) 2

IBGAPHY D F  DI

ss dmnd ateia Meditati:  Itducti t Pheomelg (93) an orion Cans (h ag artins Nijhoff 960) [Mditati catiee. tducti a la pmlie, ans Gabri Pfr and man inas (Pas Armand Con 9) aobi Johann Frdrih Te Ma Philphical Witig a the Novel A trans. and d Gor d Govann (Mona & nston MGQns Unvst Prss 994. iaad rn cluig Ucietic Ptcipt t Pilcal

Fagmet  MmeticPatetcDalectic mplati  it eal Plea  ae limacu  rans ad  nson and Watr o (Printon Pinton Uni Prss 968) [fluttede uvidekaelig ftekt til e philpike Smule Miikpathetkdialektik ammekt etetielt Idlg af hae limacu (Conhagn C A iz 846). ov and  toducti t te eadig egel Lectue  te Phnomnoogy o rt aemled  amd Queeau (9) d Aan Boom trans. Jams H Nihos . N York Basi Books 969) [Itucti a la lectue e egel Le u lapmlgie de epit ofee e 1933 a 9 a lcle de Hautetue uie et pue a amd ueeau (Pa Gamard 947». nas mman Ufeee i (ssa 929-9) rans. Nda Por (Urbana nrsity of I nos Prss 004 Le mpvu de litie (ainCmntaiir Faa orana 194) vinas mman Te he f tuiti i uel' Phemelg (930) ans. Andr ann (vanston no Norhsn nvrsity Ps 9) [hie de 'ituo da a phlgie de uel (Pas Vn 930). vinas mman Ttalit ad fiit: a  teiit (96) trans Ahonso ins (Psbrh Dqsn nirsi Pss! h ag artins Njhoff 969) Ttalit et fi eai u leoit (T Ha Marn Nho 961). vnas Emman uaim f te Othe (sa 960) trans. Ndra Po (rbana Univt o inois Pss 006) [Humaie de laute me (anCmntaiv Fata orana 972) Lirass Cad he Savage Md (96) ans ohn ghman and orn Whman (ondon Widnfd & Nioson 66 [La Pee auvage Pars Pon 962 k Gry xiteialme u maime (948) tas (rom th ngan)  Kmn (Pas  dtions Na 96). a Gab stn and hman do (96) n Te Piloph f xitece an ana arai London av 98) Esn  a br hman h anPa artr n Le ad apel de lmme ctempai (Paris dons d ms Prsn 946» Mas rb stnias marks on JanPa artr

L'te et e at (94) Piloph a Pemelgical eeach 

BIBLGRAHY   RR RI

8, 948, 093 reried  Pssri a arres ei iaim', i Fom Luhe  Pppe ra ris de Bres (ond Vers, 1983 ad a xiseiaismu Beerku u eaPa Sarres L'e e e a i Kulu ud eechaf 2 (rakfur hram, 198 reauPy, aurie, Phemeoog of Pecepio (94 ran Con Sih (Ruedge 19 Phmie de a pecepi (Paris aimar, 19 MereauPny, Marie, deue fhe Daecic 19, ras Jh i (vas Nrher Uiersiy Pre, 1973 [Le eue de a diaeciue (Prs Gaiard, 195] MereauPoy, arie, The Viible ad he Ivbe (1991, ras Af ng (vas Norheer Uiveriy Press, 194 [Le Vibe e iviibe ed Caude Lefr (Pari aiard, 94] Nany, eau, The xpeiece of Feedom 1988, ra Brdge Dad (aord, Caifria ard Uiersiy Pr, 1993 Lpiece de a ie ae, 1988 Wah, ean Ve e coce d hioe de la phiphe coem paie (Paris Vri, 192) Wah, Jea, h r f eiseiaim (199, i JeaPau ae The Phloph f Eieiam ed Wade Bain (Ne rk Phiooia ibrary, 1 9,  8, ra rres Wiiam a aey Mar; rered fr  ho Hi f eiaim (Ne rk Phhia ibrary, 199 [uie pu ue hi ie de exieiaime Suivie de Kaa e Keegaad (Paris Arhe 199

BIOAHE F AE CoenSa, Ai ae  Le ra Ana Cagi (Lond Mierva, 1987 ae (Paris aard, 198] Hayma, Rnad, Wig gai  iogaph f ae (Ld Widenfed ad Nison, 18 as as Sae  Le (Nw Yor m ad huer, 187 ad ae  iaphy (N Yrk Carr & ra ubihers, 1992 Leak, Adre, JeaPau Sae (ondn Reaki 200 Ly, rareri, Sae he Phoophe f he Tweeh Ceu ras Adr ro (Ofrd Pi, 203 Le Sce de Sae ue phoophiue (Paris ra & asee, 2000] UDIE F TWNIEH ETRY EH HI OOHY D H NELLECTA CONEXT F

   a, Bre, Fech Hegel Fm Sueaim  Pmodeim (Ld Rude, 23 Desb Vnen, Mode Fech Phiphy ras   ad   ardig (Cambride Cabride Uivery Press, 980 e Mme e 'aue (Par Mii, 99] 

IH AN HE AIG

G Gary rench Phiosophy in he eneh Cenury Cabrdge Cabde Uvrsy ss 00 Jacd Doq Heegger en France, 2 v I R as Abn Mc 001 y Mcae Hee n rance Brna: Uvey  Bga 199 eberg a Generion Exen Hedegers Phiosopy in Frnce - Iaca Cre Unve es 00 Lv Bearder Avenure on he reeom o: The rench neecus n he h Cenury, ras Rhad easey do av 19) Le Aveure e a ber Ue hsore subjecive de ineecues as ase 199 ser ak Een Marm in Poar rnce rom Sarre o huser rceo e Unversy ress 19 Roke T Heegger a Frenc hoohy Humanm n Humnsm n Ben do Redge 199

DIE  ARTRE HIOOHY  OOK AND COLECTION CONAI IN ICION 

   Caws r Srre Lnd Rouedge & Kega a 199 Dno A rre Lnd FoaaCos 19 s Csa arre he Necessy of Freeom Cabdge ambrdge Unve re 9 e Crna ed he Cambrge omanon o Srre Cabd Cambrdge Uvey re 199 eao acs Srre an he Probem of Moray as obe  Sne Bmg daa Uve Pre 9 e robme

mora e a ene e Srre Lererfce de eau rre uivi e Un quiam nomm Srre  a do d Se 966) Manr  rre A hoohc Suy e ok Ofrd

Uversy Pss 19 MCc ory ing Srre An Anyica nroducon o ary Srren heme Lodn Roede 1994 Ms ahee  arre Ofd Bac 08. Ms ys So Srre's once of he Peron An nayc Aroach Ae Ma Uvesy  Masase re 9)  , rre omnic Rona Gas oaa Cos 9 Resa Davd Srres henomenoogy od Couu 07) Reau Aa rre e Derer hiosohe a Gras 99 Sc a Arh ed The hooy ofenPu arre LSae  os  Co 91 Scacr Berad N ed as Sen un as Ncs ( kadee eag 0 1

BIR D HE E

van ugh  and rd  Eson ds anPaul Sa onemoa Aoahs o Hs Phooh Bighon: av 98 Srn Afd Sae s Piooh n xnia Phoansi Ldon: Vson 198 wa o d he ebae been Se an MeeauPon Eanso nos Norhwsrn Uvi Pr 1998 Wanok Mar The Phosoh of Sae ndon: uhno 19 Wd Kah h Bol Naue of Consions: Sa an onemoa Pooh of Mn haa Co nivrsty Pss 199

UD  BEING AND NOTHINNES Caaano osh   A Commena on eanPau Sae Big and Nothngnss Cicago I ios irsty of Chicago Pss 97. amann Kaus Sas Onoog A Su of Bing and Nothign n h gh of Heg's ogc Evanon Ios Nohwtn Uivsi Pss 96 Kr Mai ng anPaul Sae    e Une e ue    e nn Par armaan 2 Natanon Maui A ue o eanPu Saes Onoog Nw Yok a 92  rhad a iu e Sa ran E M Ph u ad M nhad auan Ag d 'o  99 A ansa n xand ad rvd o Se aek Zu Mhoe un

Bgnng ne Phosoh un eson Bksihgung  Subes Zei un Wheoi Bonn: Bouvr 9

RAD BY TIC  hav nudd som has and ar  h wr istd aov und uds of ats hisoy Th van cha and sos from th wors isd abov und udis o ing an Nohingns shoud aso  consud nol and mapyc Aquia chad wo ros o ing and noning n a Being an Nohngne, Phioso n Phnomnologia Resea 8 9 167-8 Bans a ar as aias n ch d h Phiooh

of enPau Sa.

Bans a a ooogy: h rvaig an ang f ng n Hw d Te Cmbig omanon o Sae Dsom Vncnt Moen enh Phooh ran.  ottFo and  M ardng Camidg Cabdg Unv Pr 980  8-4 252

BIBIOHY D H ADI

ak Mafed Schei ad ate n beig ad othige tra dith oma in dith oa ad Aitai Welchma d h N chn odo Ctim 200 Gade ebatia Sate Scheig ad otthe' gous tud  006 1  McCc Geor Usg at, c 6-7 Pettit Phii Sat ad Pamnde' Phhca Stud 7 96 6-8 a de Pitte M M Sate a a tacedeta eait' Jouna of th Btsh ot fo heomnoog  970 22-6 Rcmd Saa Sate an ego: a diagreeet abot thi ne' ntntna Jun f Phoopha tudes 5 00 95

Concou and  lf enich Dieter  Sefconcioe a citica itrdctio t a the oy' Man and Wd  1 91  2 Keea Phi Bedt Sefconce an the ego in t e hio  o ate n Schi ed Th Phooph of JeanPau Sate ongeee atice Sefcocie ad efrefeece Sate and Wittgetei' Euoa Jouna of Phosoh 6 2008 12 oa Rad Autht n Etanmnt An Ea on e Knod Pncetn e erey Piceto Uieit Pe ) ch  ad ect  Moi Phi Stto at's Cont of th Pson, ch 2 Reima Davd ats Phnomn, c - Criiu of rud Bro ee ad Aa aman ecai itentioaity ad the ncnci a cario of Sate ad red i Schi ed

Th Phooph of JeanPau Sate arder Sebatia Iatoat and the Phosoph ofPschoanss

Cambride Cambide Unvet e 99) c 2  owe Chtna ate and ed nch tuds  99 56 Ne eme Dided mind Sarte "bad faith citiqe of ed R f Mthc  9-9 9-101 So va  Sate eecti o f the edia ucci' i Schi ed Th Phooph of JeanPau Satre

laion o   Aqia Richad Sate other ad the fed f ccoe a ea eadi' Euon Joun ofPhosoh 6 1998 276 Gadner Sebatian Sarte iterbectiity ad ea ideai Juna  th t o Phoh  005 5-51 oneth Ae rkee d Aekee  Sate ee de erbectvtt'  Unschtbakt ttnn n Th d ntsubjkttt (aft a Mai Shrka 0) 

LIOGAPHY N FUHER RAING

os Phll Suo Sa nce of h Pson   Natao Mae h oble of os  Beng nd Nohngn  Schl ed Th Phlosoh o JanPau . Regte erad e egard t lalato da 'e   nan Rve Pphe d uvan 05 2007 9842 Rea Davd a Phenomenol h  Sak Mak Sartr Sawo ad oe nu 48 005 2799 Soder Wla Ralh  and Hs Pdcesso h Se an he Oh (Lodo Rouledge & Kegan Pal 984) es. h 4 Theu Mhael he Ohe uds n h cl Onolog of Hul Heg Sae and Bue trn hsto Maa (Cabdge Mas I e 98   Wlla Robet R l's h f Recognn (Bery ve of Calona Pe 000 80

T y Dllo Mat C Sate o t heoea bod ad Mleau Pot rtque'  Stewa ed he a en Sae and

eleauPn

Moater Xaver  Te body  Beng nd Nohngn  Sva ad llto ed Jn Pa  s Kathern J Sae c  Mo yls Stto ' Conp f he Pn h  

eedm ad mtiva Baldw Toa e og coe  Sate ad Kat' odngs of h Asoean Sce 80 7980 -44 l R G agato ad eedo  Soza ad Sae Jouna f he h Soce fo Phenomenolg 1 90 11 oton Joh  Sate MerleuPot ad hua fred  Steat ed h ae en Sae and MleaPon Fl oeh  Sates thy of otvao soe lafato' na o h Bsh So fo Phenomnolog   1 4 l oa R  and x enal (hago v of Chcag Pe 84) h   olng Davd Sate oal scholog'  owe d he

Cmde Companon o Sa. Mo Kate J a h 8 Mo Pyll Sutton Se's Conp of he Peon  5

Olo obet G The hee toes of otvao  t e osoh f JeaSart hcs 66 1 68 Stewart o MerleuPots cs of Saes theor of fred  Stea ed he ae een ae an lau

Pn

Wanok Ma Freed  the eal hlooy f JP Sartr  ed odeh  Essa on edom of Acon (od Rouledge & Kga Paul 9) 

IG AND F ADNG

d a Prna, Maa Antontta, Ba fath and sfdcton ronstct n t Sartran ct, Jou  he Bsh Soce f

hemeooy 4, 2003,  McCuloh, ry, Us Se, c. 4 Morrs, Kathrn , Se, h 4

orrs , yls S., Sldton Sartrs rsouton of th aradox', n lran and ton ds, Jeu Se Ston, obrt V,  atr on bad at an authntt n ch d , The ophy f Jeu atr

Crc Morrs l Sutton, Se' Ccep of he e, ch.  bb, onathan Sat's hor o Caactr, Euope Jul

f Phophy , 2006, 94-116

cs Andrson, homa C., Se  Ehc Fom Auhecy o Ie Humy (aSall nos n Cout, 993, hs - aas, orn, h anxty of nfun at's sarh o an th c and Kant's oa thory, Se ude Ieio 9, 3,

13

Baldwn, has, Sartr, xtntas and humans, n odfy Vsy , Phsoe Ace d Moe (Cabrdg Cambg nrst Prss 987 Bll, nda A, Ses Ehcs of Auhecy (usaooa Unrst o Alabama Prss, 1989) Fo, Gar , Pantnga' crtsms o Sat's ths Eic 8,

97, 330

anson, Fran, Se d he obem f Moy, t 3, ch 3. rr og C, Thee ophc Ms: M K  Se Oford xord nst Prss, 990), t.  Pantnga, Aln, An stntasts ths' eve f Mephysics 2,

98, 36

naut, Alan Se e Dee oophe Part  obbns, C  at and th ora f', Phsophy , 97, 409-4 Sont, tt, artran ths', n Howlls d The Cme

Cm o Se

ayo, Chals, Rsonsbty for s n Am ort d, Te Idees of eo (Brl nsty of Californa Prss, 97)

NDE

 o 62, 64, 74, 75, 106, 108, 143, 189, 1 9, 22. 0

abmal expeiee loopil igifiae o 3, 334, 1 1, 185, 227 n 8, 3   bee Gd' 05-6 eomeolol 60, 65, 8, 96, 1 32

abslue oiey 49, 56 eve 1, 203 ma as 25, 216 subaial 19, 8, 164  o eedo, bolu apo bole absa v ee) 108 absaio 8 biy 99, 20, 4 82 a asais 17, 6-7, , 14, 150

eyao 10, 14, 15 oloal eede f 156 uiy f 155, 171 voluy 56 Aco 20 aaly,  poely 40 dle, lfe 124 aeseis aee 3, 10, 190 aesheiism , 7-8  1 affe affeiviy 19-0, 1, 0I, 119, 16, 189, 189 19, 212 physial 1 ki 56 aleaon 6, 18, 18, 14, 16, 183

aluism 196 mou oe 7 . 1 al ploop d B&N 8, 29, 222, 2245, 234 81 , 9 154 ai 112, 6, 9, 9

apoee oy'  beifelf ee o polgie  . 10, 4  7, 24  8 eme d Jw 210 appeaae)  1 ,  bi f 4-4  eee 40 f pylial deemiim 10, 15 ei of, ie 9, 40, 54 liy of 40 appeaae/ealy diiio 940 pio  1 apeie 1 1 9 ise Aiselia , 106, 5

o, Rymod , , 209 a 27-8  10 pswa 8 14 a i comme  69, 10, 14, 16, 0, 04 im 9, 5, 0, 05

dli  ili 205 aei 191 auoom f ises 19, 8, 49 huma 0,  98 , , 6 aoloy iolol see eis; vale Baead Gs 189 ba fh muo 119,

lhusse, uis ae iiism of 24  84

2, 12, 1, 15, 7-7, 191 7

ND

b t mui O oud apn o ne 7

tanpenoenl, o nsouses/subet 0  tnspeeal, f bets o susess 4 44

 1

odu pattens   ooexul    elat to eleepon 75 Baes, ael x 93 Btlle Gees  Beuet, en 215  222 beauty 1 Beauv, ne de  9 9

4 6 unty of 20 20 206 208

 lo benftself; benntself; exstee ntntlal tton benftself 6  4 11 196

onnen o 100 enes of antopoenet sty 6  0 0

18 1 0 1  28n 6 n 5  E o mguy 1  8 2 2 14  Sod  21 2n 5

200 06 08

eate stutues f otelf 7 789 88 6 6

ben an appeane 9 f appeane 4 4 oep of 6  8  onepul eublty f elato to onep n ueets    43  tet 14 eltony vews f 4 4 4

vuat f te fotel 75 165 nnselfdentl 8 8 8 14 1  4 4

patlly entate 10 py, eoolol 82 unt o 6  lo funaetal pet; lak; tess; self; teleoloy of fotel pue benfootes, beftete 114

2   dese of 8 88

slsue/eveal f dolm d) 1 1 knolee o  meann/ of eee ueton 6 easued y owlee els 44  3 es f, ultple   

2 128 18 10 12 15 177 182 bennel 2 6 8 0 7 4 80 4 absolute ontney of 6 02 attept to fun tself   0

5 6 0 0

 neey elffun 100 a pve 7 20 501  7 1 f penen 42 4     3 pee f 44 55 elton o  tll elaton as eltve t suet  totlty f/s a wle/ eel 58 68 85 6

bey etpysl teoe 556  6 2

beyod neato    t tte 56 o nouenl 76 n obetwol/epl ealty   py tll 8 selfetl 55

2 20 204 206 207 208



NDX

uity f  Whls ciicism f 72 nlffitself 3, 78, 8, 87, 88, 205, 38 3  beigihwd 6, 5, 58, 2 8 f 6, 20, 52, 94 6, -9, 20, , 4, 5, 6 6 i mc 2  50 Begs, n  , 2 Creave Evouion 209 By, Goe 44, 5,    bipy, iophicl 9 f Flube 8  Gt 65,  stud f Stes  bdy  4, 9, 39, 8, 3 90, 2, 36  ,   bin 3, 7, 28 Beel, Dn 229 9 Bto, d  Bunscic,  , 27 . 2 uchdhl Gt 2  89 B, ete 4 n. 87, 88 Cmus, lt 2 Ctein fedm 26   6 Csiism, Ctsin 2, , 26 s mtodolgicl 8, 9 ,  26,  33 , 0,  , , 228    3 co t) 7, 29 Ctocm, Cthlic 2, 2 , 38 8 aua ui 9, 2, 20, 204, 5 ulity mpicl 3 , 8, 08 pycholgicl 5 Cws, t 22 8 c mechnsm 2- cte , , 76- l 6 tits 77 hoice 86, , 2, 56, 5 6, 69, 73, 86, 28 mpicl 6

l, f mysef s l poc Chisiiy, C , 8, , 29 66 tlism  cicu  f fn' (irui ipi) 96, 9, 8, 8, 88 clss 60, 82, 2 cfficint of dsity 8 oio , 3, 33, , 9, 9, 3,  pv 58, 90, 92, -, 8, 2 36, , 5, 69 fc 5,    h, ogio dn eflec cntio see knwd heSo, ie 7 , 38  9 ccy, clect , , 823, 9,  cmm sns, St's citiu o 29, 4-, , 85, 2-2, 25 bdy 3, 6 die 9, 87, 889 moio 9, - fedom 2, 5, , 6, 5, , 60 esubecty 8 potoulisic 6 pyclyself 6, , 9, , 32, 5 90, 0,  78, , 3,  56, 6, 5-6, 3 n 9, 4 lty 63 ci 9, 9 in o the 37, 9  esply 6, 7 tlelgy 9 m  cmmunm 28 8 e ao nch Cmmuist ty; M mtelism, dilcicl; poli, tes cmmuty 82 cmptiim 9





onep empiial 8 egulaive 13 185 ne (v. aba) 8 onee elain wi Ohe 22, 12 2 98 s o onfl ndiion of poibiliy  1 2 17 23 n    so anendnal onfl ineueive) 1  2  77 179 8 8, 18 9 25 niune uonomy f 48 ilen' 190 and hie 9 onep of anendenl n pepeival 8 2 7 87 9 94 - 8 onngeny f 9 fi peon plual 4 82 a impeonal  Th Trnnn of t Ego ode of 9 moivaion/demnain f 8 1 8 23 8 naul s ommn ne nonuanial abolue 9 48 nonhei 10 8, 2 155 164 69 and ningne  68 69-7 79 and obligaon 94 9  poonal 45 4 59,  6 peefleive/ nefeiv 2 16 18 51 -, 7  9-5 9 989 1 4 108 09, 8 19 12 4 150 152, 169 73 89  2 efleive  eeion eflexiviy o 8 71 lon o fielf 9 ae bai  nenng -9 elfaived u no elfaue 48-9

ponaneiy o 8  27  elelogial 9 he  45 59 , 12 1 1 164 anpaency/mpne f 2 45   9 anpnomenal being of   uny of 1  s  o llecy ndy pdiain; eflon; elfoniune T rnn  th Ego imponaliy f onioune hei; unoniou Conoune f elf nd knowledge of elf 8 34 n 87, 2. 1 10 oniuion of oe) 5 81 229  1 ningeny 3 4 8 8 2 16 168  of einginiel 6  of ncioune 49 of filf 1- 1 fe evain of 78 nelf' aep o  ielf of 10 2 of he 2  ndioy pediaion of foelf 6 8 8 2 1 oneion, adi 9 95 19   Copenianim  andpn pepial ieia ,  64 iiim of B&N , 2 2 1- eida  ouaul 222 Heidegg 217 vau 1 uk 17 Mael 168 1923 21  n 72 237 n 10 28. 16 39 1



INDEX

Mcuse 78 Mi 7-8 Meuy 200 -4 5 33  72 34 88 25   29 57 f oly 6 3 00 27 f pioophi d 4-8 2  puuis  2 f pcil il & piicl) pici 93 0- 3 2-7 Ses w e 8  40. 72 suulis 2 f y f fedo 36 7 68 2  8-2 4. 7 W 7-3 8 200 3  92 Criiqu o  atia ao  90  40 6 73  4  8 ue 6

deecy epicl 6 768 08  6 diis 8 4 8 0 3      57 7 3 48 deid y' 03-4 die dilei 8  8 esv eel)   79 ilis 27  9 32 66 28 48 dicsu of bei (dot ' r 9 99 d ar 87 88 d 5  dives 9 5 6 dulis idbdy 46-8 f Ses oy 36 78 69 73 46 200 4 4 4 88 dii dus ve 940 W' iiis 7- duy 3 

Dsi 4 56 67 68 90 33 4 6 228 3 ao/ur   5 34 83 8 d 58 9 depessi o bi  desui 2  4 4  83 dis 66 06 Dd u  iis f Se 2 24 .  8 T ds f ' 4  8 Dess Re ,  3 3    4  0 6 .  6 d dbdy io 468 die 6 8 04  06   0 3 ,  79 8 89 96 be of 89 efexv 89 sed explio of 8 desuio 6 64

 N Supiu   e Fud' cep 2  ao !; sef ois 6 96 37  ksis 34 4 63 elimivis 2, 69 8 ebodie  bdy e 0 6 9-0  6 3  5 d in 5  Eli 98  aua u i 49 4 20 04 0 pemly  35 epil elio (s. oli) 43 58-60 9 ,  38, 40 3 04 pys of i 06 Se's view of d pp o pbles of 45 3 4 860  74 8 84 97-8 06  6-



IDEX

eisemoloy contue 334 39 40 6 7 2 33n 9 34n 8 see also nlede mcy f nled epoh ee eductn enomenogicl eimn eiment 68 09 esse es percpi 0 esence nd esne o humn ubec 4 49 49 69 36 n   6 o bets  n lton o nc 39 40 66 enl un Nitsches dtne o) 6 68 9 n   8 ics ticl 3 9 9 24 6 n 06 m f tes hiosy 0 7  8 92 Go nd 8n. 40 imlcins o B&N 0 36 60 6 68 84 87 99 e in eltion  n 93 94 9 98 ts ete ubecvit 9 9 94 9 n   8 Se cism  e ehicl theois 3 9 3 n  3 Evn Geth 236n  eistnc 6 8 28 30 84 umn  23 2 26  3 8 7 97 989 40n 0 Nausea eveltion o 34 cede esence in umn ub 4 49 see aso bn estentilim eitentil 6 36 0  27 23 38n 4 henmenloy    2 Whl inition 73

Extetasm an Humaism 93  94 0    3  n  4

ticiy 69 89 990 4 6 44 4 76 66 8 20 0 lin t tnscndene   3 84 c neesty (nssit e a) 0 40 4 69 ftg 78 minism 20 ebc dig 04  ohnn Gtlieb 78 9 30 87 4 3 29nn 6 9 Wssenschatsehre  9 icion n meysics 69 73 6 es 3 4  6 8 7 9 09 0 s en eetiv) 3 6 6 fit en l ee we is Wold W  lbt Gutve 8 6 lih iels 8    4  83 34n. 87 lynn Toms R 40n 7 24 n  8 ftlf see beingfi tct of e tsl ct Mich  4 n  82 ciicism o Se  The rer of Things  4 n   8 Ses cicim of 4 n 84 uth nd oe 24 n 8 o Ni ll 24n 8 fgiliy 6 64 n Mnfed 3 n 80 ns Pl 9n.  edm  0 8  3 496 687 06 28  36n 6 8n  blte 36 8  88 of ction 8



IDEX

imai f 73, 0, , 9, 96, 9-9 ov lti f 94 iou/xie f  ould have de oe' ,  em -9, 6 imlgy f , -, , 32  , 86, , 9, 69-0, 20-8, 3, 3  ,   3 thou ee 69  exply 6, 69 gamb o - ad ideam 30 , 6 limi f 39, 9, 60,  me agum' fo  d hig 88, 9, , ,  , 36  6 lga 9, 60, 0, 93,  h  limiig 39, 60  0 a euo dom f he 97 d lim 0, 36 ad o/iliy , 76, 96 lively eedd guih)  Sa'  diui f 6,   20  2 ae oy o iiied  , 6, 3, 7, 8  4 7 lfgaig 7, 76 uodiied 9, 60,  vgo i  ad wi 9, 6,    h Cmmui  0, 2, 38 48  moli , , 37   eud, igmud , 6, 6, -, 90, , 36  09,   22

fudm o of bemig Gd) 769, 8, 8, , 9 9, 96, 97 f 6 04 gede 60 Ge, ea 6,  Gm idalim 6, 78, 6 ee ao  Hgel; g Gema m 6 Go  giv, e 9 Gd , 49, , 8, 00, 0, 30- , , 46, 07, 29   , 230 3, 38 4 ad molity 3 4 see also fudml poj f bemig Gd) God,  6, 92 93, 9, 97, 99, 0  90 Gug, Gy 2 , 39 ,   80 bema, ge 3 had ,  havig (air) ,  havig  b' (air  re) 6, 93 9 e Hv  Haym, od   , 7, , 23 . 49 l, Geg Wim idih , , 7, 8, , 22, , ,  66, , , 6, 0, , , 26, 3, 3, 0, ,     2 ,  4, 0, 3, 3   9,   83 Eylada  og 8, 66 heomegy o Spiri , 0,  e' iim of 66, 3, 0 9, , 4 deg, Mi , , , 30, 9, 7, 90, 09, , 3, , , 3, 7 6, 3  , 23 9, 39. 60



IN

' 1-7, 2, 2, 6, 99, 230 6, 3,  . 4 Ue), diighd om m mo) 1 Fih' o o -8, 29.  I ik )  1 see ao l d Fud op o)  idlm 3,  bol 49,  Bkly/mpil 44, 50, ,  , 166 d h Oh 9-3,  , 33,   d 2, 3-, 9-82, , 2, 28 o.   io of, d m gi 3, 56, 43, 44, 5-4, 5 66, 5, 8, 8, , 9-30,  32, 3, 140,   1, 235  98 see o Gm dlm homlim; lim idlm opoio dl, dlim he maginr 149, 2 8, 28  ,   5 ,   62, 23 1 imgio  20, 5, 9-, 24, 1  39, 3  9 maginaion  ,   9, 3 9, 4 84 ilio 6, 96 iomibilim 3 idmio, dmim 5 diff 8 y 85 ilffoilf ensoipou-sO 3 18, 18, 87, 88, 0, 238 38 mliy 9, 4, 145 iio 15, 6 inioliy 2-13,  45, 48, 59, 107,  Iioly' 23  , 8, 9, 4 . 8, 235  9

Hidg, Mi ontnued Being an ime , 42,  3, 216, 23  74, 24  83 iim of  21 5, 8     eter on umanism -, 2, 9 6 oi/onolol i Big) do 4-2, 68, 26  iim of 43, 6, 8, 59, 68, 13-, 8, 8, 9, 28-9. 3, 3   Wha is Meaphyss? 2 6 28    3 see aso Di Hh Le diae et Ie bon dieu) 8 hoiim 223 24 67 io 8,  6, 6, , 29,   81 hloopy of ,   hol 8990 Howll, Chi 38   , 9 159, . 18 m ly ai humaine) 90, 9, , 18, 18, 6, 28, 1 mim 95, 99, 216, 22,  .  83 Hm, Did , 95, 9, 9 195 Hl, dmd 2, 4, 5, 9, -5, 19 30, 39, , 4, 0, , 87, 1-, 22, 27 , 6, n. 92, 97,    83 Cartesian Mediatns 2 3 The Pa Lecues 22 .   iiim of , 5, , 6, 3, 5-, 5-4, 59, , 13, , 28 . 13, 3  . 26, 232 66 23. 8  ul o of 5, 4 84 hoh, of mpy -3

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ND

ntgt 62 ntsubjectty 2643, 6 9-85,  96� 206, 4 f wo 8-4 ee aso conflit t) ntuitin , 6 65, 94, 07, 29, 30,  mtpysicl/ploophil 8, 3, 3,  33, 0, 05 7, 238 38, 0. 76 nontrness 6 pi s lfess crct f tinlsm 7 tnlty umn , , 6 irrubles 6 Jbi Fr Henrc 6-, 8, 9, , , 26, 9 , I 2-4. 8 Jnic ominiqe  , 33 . 73 8 . 44 sp Krl 3,  ews ntity ,  Jopling D 29. 59 ment 4, , 9 6,  mol 05 n nton 6, 6, 6-5 69-70, 77 5 tl 9 ee aso ubjectprte frm Kn en 29.  nt mmnl  , 6,  , 8 0, 9, 6, 25 . 99,   .  3  Criiq o Pre Reaso 3 9, 234 8 tics 30, 94, 37 8 Plgsms  Pure Resn 0 n 29 eftton f lm 234 8 Stres crtim f 3, 6, 39-4, 7, 0-, 90, 2, 94, 9   30  34. 8, 3 n. 98, 2nn 8,  Stes relton to 3 3, 36 7-5, 80, 82, 86-7,

, 09 6, 0, 9, 9, 97, 98, 6, 22930  , 0 9, 34 . 8,  04, 37 28 trsis 9 lly ic 227 n  grd rn  8-9, , 9. 3, 6, 7 h onc o Drea 9 7 Cocluin scec osscrp 8, 9 6 Kierkegr n the snur unierl 229. 7, 28   3 ingm f ns 94, 7 n  8 Kleinbrg Etn 7nn .  , , 239 . 60,  n 84 knwge  , 6, , , 2, 35, 43, 46, 0, 62 ,  , 79, 89, 06-8 n proprton 87 lmts f 84, 86 prmy of ssmption 6, 44, 6, 97 rtns f e ptmgc ltins sensry 0 se ao frm epistmoloy of tr ptemlgy o elfknwlg trnsnntl contions je Alxn , , 7 n  Koyr Alexnr , 27 n 4 Krs Son 39. 2 a Pch 9 n Jcq , 29,  Srtres ctsm of 4 n 8 c of being) (maque  r) 27, 69 0, 06, 09, 90, , 69, 9, 07 nger nk 239. 7 lnguge 4, 60 29,  lws) mrl Knt) 3- ntur/fnture 5, 8, 22. 66 f prectie ct 9,   8 psyclol , 6, 76

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

la( ontinue o see f eances 9 tancenental (Kant' 75 e iale et Ie on ieu 1 Le Arew  1 38 149 Leeve He 39 165 Le egeln 0 he legen o t 7 n 9   6 Len Gre Wlhel 105 30 06 e emps moene 09 Levna Enel  4 1-15  9 159 oit n nit  LvStra laue 1 ctcs of Sre 1 Srte' crtc o 4 n 14 he Save Min  4 n 18 Lvy Benrenr 7  8   1 9  1 1 n  3 6 38 46  11 39 15 2n 176 Leraon 09 lertans 53 ltery w Sares  4 5   19 09 0 38  148 logc 7 loo o Othe 8  139  4 1  18 8  lve 1 cs Gyry 7 crc  Sarte 1  McBe 7 n  cCllc 4 90 gc 83 14 11 47  3 1  0 Marcel Gael 68 ctcs o ate 68 1-  1 2 n  3  0  16 39 5 tenals n han ee  rce eert 17-8 39 166 0 167 ctcs o tre 78

Mn JenLc  Mrx rxs xst 1 cc o are -1 ae an  6 0 19 8 8 1 50 1  1 och 8 selave lecc 3 79 atels ateals 0  143 1 1 2n 66   0 athe 0 lectclstorcal 2 9 2n 66 2n 14 envs  69 8 Maels n revln' 3 14 1 muaie foi ee a f e (moi) 1 1 elancly 0 1 n 49 enl ge  0 3  79 MeleaPnty Mace   00 09 1-1 1 35-6  0 ccs of re 0 114  3 7 4 88 2 n 101 9 7 nerrgn n lectc' 13 Phenomenolo of Peeption 2 , 1 Sare an llshevs' 3 he Viible n he nible -4 2n 7  88 2n 101 esclne 7 n 8 etloy   BN 848 1 16-7 14 8n  36 106 ee also stann( f BN etar n N 5 eyc of cgntn 16 fconal fcton 69 7 6 hyothees f 0-  nolgy 0 0 0 06 etapychlogy (es 3 186-7

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DEX

toology Sat's 3 82 90 2, 28  ee alo Catan pspctppctaly actal gunaoth n Sat  tal ee concoun Pych psychlgy ndy ollato 43 48 n', ss'      3, 10 87, 88 9  wl 78 g ( eeteftat) 93 moble  3 7 8 nad onaology 30 s -13, 4 ee alo Spnza ottonal 79 8  4 Moo,   5 oaly ee thcs Man ca 242 90 Mos hylls Sutton 242 90 mot 5 3  oton 08 Mtn pctu a' 22 0 oat  9 0   ,  9 0,    77-9 19 9, 9, 3 3 suc 79-8 845 toal 4 7 tapyscal 78 79 187-9 n o 79 8 e e alo concoun tat  ot moble) 0 1, 3, 7 78 Mug, Hn 239n 5 Nnc Jauc 4  83 Natansn Mac 35  9 04 atuals 9 30 3, 3 33 35 9 8  9n 8 23 n  0

Sat's ctqu o 30 3-3 35 9 5 43 14 14 7, 222, 232  7 atu 8 atual d 3 plosophy  8 Nauea 4 33-4 7 20 2 27 n 0 , 3n  Nazs Nazs 4 238  48 ncy cssay 41,  ng 00 ctngnt 42 ctual 00 40, 142, 9 o y cotgcy 44 tgcl 44 tanscnntal 08-9 3n 70 ngao 1-5  7 7  234 89 aioi 2 xtnal 0, 08 30 nnal 0 3 38 4, 80 ntuct 38 80 a ugn 0  3-5 970 77  a oaton 50- pow o ee nhlatn lx 38 7,  att 5 83 0 noKa   nu 8 Ntzsch Fdc  8 93 95 3 27 nn 7, 9 2278 n 0 9 n 8 ee o l cuc nhlat natiaton 5 8 8, 0 1   0,   53 59 9 00 20, 20 nl  3 9 0 2 , 22, 23   34 No Eit Hui clo) 09 slntt 28, 8 98 4  , 4 4 nonutal aslut 9 48, 4 Noteook fo an Ethc 93 197 34n 90 37nn 25 3 33 ntngn Ie nant) 3 72 74 88 90 9 99 0- 49, 50  3 4



NDEX

notngne e nan) onined cocet 45 7 and fdo 88 149 1 153 14 6n 11 Hgls tory o f 6-7 Hdegg theoy of 678 slf soi) as 9 see ao cncousn as ntngns nouen nounal 31  76 13 Noee reueran�ase  octv octv xstnc 8 9 40 5 3 an d ntrsuctvt 83-4 ctwold see wld olgaton (cnscounss ) 94 9 153- 16 16 olgton orl 3 131 cnty 90 Occuon 4 0  18 omns dermnaio e neaio 63 ntcontolocal (entt! Bng) dstncton gg') 41- 68 4 16 onologcal ann 189 ntolgcl rof 1 58-9 8 04 4 234n 8 ontologcal ltns s steologcl) 3 586 103  138-9 40 11 dynac 60 9 xtnal 60 nnal 0 03 18 negatv 0 138 0 o Ote 133-4 89 0 ontolog ac 34 38-8 6 60 8 8990 21  ul 8-80 8990 103 08 90  s tahyc 0 20 04 20 ontc 21-3 214 acy of 2n 102

see also dual o Srtr ontlogy ts   21  56 179 199 ontolocal 08 organ gnc 143 4 47 fount 99 12 lhnona 20 12 21 8 orgnl roject (coce of ysl 81 8 83 10 7 10 161-5 6 68 76 178 79 8 191 elogcal  dcal odcton f 1 Or() 243  1 8 215 coio gng 17 139 1 14 21 conc rlaton wth 122 1 27 19-8 contngenc of 12 145 stlogy f 26-43 6 dl and 2930 2 3 140 tycal quton f wy the ar Ohrs 142 207 ltlcty of 1-  20 necesty of 40 12 ontolgcl lton t 134 138-9 140 Otheojct 136 4 160 80 184 Ohrassuct 36 141  4 180  8 1 9 2  r scnro 3 13 rsnc o 16 28 19 7 145 ral and 29 1 30 31 13 0 usal of 138 2 180 ayhol cnao 136 137 139 14 woan  211 see also w owneh (f ntal stt) 96 121 188 see aso oon

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DX

pan 1 5 16 Parn Parnean 76 3n 100 paon 5 16 6 192 196 pat 1-1 11-6 17 121 50 15 158 16 prcton  39 0 65 11 21 n 9 2n 90 erere (c) 23 n 76 pernnce 108 prnnaty pronhd 18 26 96 176 see a lf nty f 1  6- 3 27  12 57 162 perpctveprctvlty n art' argnt 53 5 60 82 85- 92 9 86 228 n 1 3 ee a tanont perpctvl phnnal 3  50- 33 n 7 pnonogy hnonologcal extntl  21 ethd 1  5    19 33 ontolgy 87 1 rcton (epo)     8 12 traton ar Sate -17 ee ao eggr  nnon 80 8� 90 o ng 1 5 ng f    5-4 6  octvty f 0 phycal ee atal lac 8 Plat Ptontc 3 28 0 93 19 25 n 100 ly 8 lre 9 118  ptc ltca plcaton of N 193  oltcal tory 16 artr' 4 5 209 210 3 217 219 38n  18  n 16 pton 15

oeon 6 18 189 olty th P' y po'  56 1  5 178 Ptr M 7n I 38n 17 39n 65 1 n 8 0 ottapycal hly 3 2 tn 2 2nn 187 18 89 pottctra  22 21 n 1 80 ptwar t 38n 15 y -10 potnalty (otncy 0 106 108 actcal 6 20 3 62 109 15 1 6 1678 229 n .  6 a o N 7-8 8 168 10- 19 gent 19 pracy f 36n 106 raon 50  16 19-6 latn to toetca 8 18 5 6 6n 106 yog 5 ee a thc eponlty val rtalhd any 81 8 rnce of ortlf t ntlf 98 107 1 f to Oth 128 f Othr to  16 1 28  9 13 1 of fcton to efcdon 19 1 o Sef 96 prnc to tf ee  o 9 96 0 222 nt 0 111 11 3 10 pracy of nwlg' 6 9 1 10 nc o fcnt raon 9 85 162 proalty 1

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re  the nds 26  2 29 4 pect 9  nte t f tself 20 0 ee  fndental oect; rgna prect recton (echan  8 90 ro 22 40  reedo  24   ee  tlgcl r Prs Marcel  2 Psycete pycc  04   22  2 8  3 0 2 6 6 86  9 95 96 24n  sycnaly epc (Fre 2 56 76 57 90  26n  09 7n  xnl 5 62 0 79 87  9 90 9 e f 8 ee  sys pyclgy, sychologcal  7 26 -22 2 46 6 6 6 6 n 08 fctsttes 8 2 4 7 24n  rce 6 9 2 law 0 62 6 yes 62 ee  c ee pyclgy Psyche quale f per (etlpycc 6  27   yl f 8990 f ngs (ffecte needngtcaught' etc 20 0  90 qlty  epc rely 39 0 ce 60 radcal cers 9  9 97 27 n 2 270

Rememe Dmcrque Rvure 20 tlty ee reaon e drect  59 eprcl  74  te Oer 9 0   7 40 Satre nd 0 44 2 735 790 8-  0-8  n 4 Srte rejecn  and rgets agant 36 7 0 0 9  6 98 ranscnnl 74 relsels oston Sartre' a f rncndng -6 84 87 0-6 3 9- 40 2 nn 92 96 ealty eprc 34 77 08-9 4 rancndnal  re( 64 72 7-6 92 or actn   79 94 9 dlectc 4 n  acly  2 pctcl 0  756 96 resuposes fee 72 76 96 pce  72 ee  practcal reasn Reee que 2 recgntn (erjecte   2  3 79  82 20 reducton hnoenologcal     e eef of Ss 9   reecon (rex   4- 23 46-7 90 93 979 4- 2 d cncsne  ree - ad cnsconess o Oter 8 ekt 34 preacceory  22 9

DX

 09, 22, 7, 9, 92, 95 23 n , 27 nn 2, 25 i  et 93 a cepticim 5-5 telelgy f 91  98 1 retreta ree 95 978, 99, 1 12, 1 8 rfxity ee frton regla 10, 185 rton f ng  ontoogc relati exena 601 9, 108 109, 13 era-mudae  ntn 60, 1, 133, 8 68 188, 03 f kwlg ee pitmlgy, ptemological relati ctct 137 ee ao ccrt rton wt thr gai tn, n e concrete rlton it Oth cfict relgo relig concoe  7 8 9 9 20 e ao m Go theim; tgy Reut, Alai  . 1 ntton, et 5 5, 60 97 9,  0, 22, 2 0 rrin 13- rigatin 195 retce pychanalytic) 13 Rce rec  8   1 ronlt 8, 2, 60, 6 170, 172, 73, 8 25, 20 9 n  1 8 efe, a authrh 166 fo anin 19 o t   2 trancndnta n o f 166, 1 fr te wrld 1 , 2, 16 8, 7, 2   con, S x Te Road to From 209 La Rchefcaul, Frn  5 2  

ckmr, T 227n 1, 1  1 8 Ro Cholic Chrch 0 o JeJce n  ack, Mark 236 n 107 aim 181, 182 ait Geet 3 15 tion 97-9 cptcm 32, 106 abt xtera wrd 1 bot hmn freem 85, 08 ot ot m 13 13, 10 Schelig, Frierch Wi Jeph 78, 9, 3 Sc, ch 8 chpnr, Art 8, 10, 191- 19, 7 n 7 cnce, ntrl , 5 6 Scon Wold W  lf, lh 89, 90 bule' thery f 6 cct o elfe' (rut d ' iit) 96, 09, 80, 183, 188 lac bjecprdict f 6 noon thore of 95 and ntngn 9 rigial chic f ee rigin poject tte concepti f , 15, 12, 6 prnc to tlf ree  o 9 96, 20, 222 reifcmnt f, y Otr 12, 80, 181 Self etaphyical ial) 96, 02-3, , , 5 88 frton 80 elf/wrl dtncton 3 elfne (p) 9, 9, 96, 11 3, 12, 12 totol 99 8 6 ubtrtum try f 162 teleologcl 95 trncnnt go 6- 96 1

ND

 so oinue transcnnta s/sbct/s/   -5 8 26 3 5 3 0 n 26 tr s' (oi pofon 52 ee ao cnsciosn ratin T Tanene of e Ego scas e  aua ui sconcsnss  - 69 2 0-9  atinnt 923 9 rrlc (onene e  (rrlct cot 5-8 90 2- 989 8 2 136 50 15  69 rcti  rcti slctn 0 9 12 3-6 aradx    6 ntt  11 ee ao nrts nnsintic lkn 8  23 5-6 9 8  5  3 3  n  90 air o 20 13 2 89 latn (rxty  5 23 6 8    0 9 9 96 9 99 6 0  12 28 1 50 5 69  89 9 0 nsatn 0 sns xrnc/snsr knol 0  sxay xa rati 10 1  3 8 85 90 a 2-8 6  13 5 ncrt  9 station tatdnss 9900 22 1 5 56 61 1 18 96 2 8  220 e fo a To ofe Emoio 1-0 55 22 n 8    9 236n 09 nss (e vix 1 90 cias t r  scalty ca 18 n   0 28

on 2 9-20 try 6 8 9 e ao ' cit anas d a Plsi 208 sol 8 6 0 13 3 13-5  sac saty 6  5 08 09  6 o asns  clat rostn   nza Bac inozs 6 8 9 2  2  8 6  8� 15   6� 9 208  n  Srt (Hls cnct  82 sntanty 13  8 9 2  6 6  233n  nntary 6 s/rad  taa  9 228 n  snnt(s  B& taoca 8-8 0 13 9 068 23 nn 0 10 bt (arsctal 8-5 86-8   19 0 08 2 rcta (Crncan 858 1 3 9 206-8 235 n 0 tats (talscc 6 1 6 122 35 86 stc stc 68  23 n 66 tn P  90 230n 33 tctras 6  22  2   80 22n 8 crtcs o Sartr  art' ctcs   n 18 strct bcti 160  9 2   20 n 3 rctrs o  rts at 5 89 88 12 206 ntrsbci 2 1 06 ct sbcty 230 n 5 a o 22-2 8  21 n 82  n 89 kaar's conct  89 2:2

IN

 o biot; coioun;  bjtitbctiit dtnctio  ltin  ,  5 8 ubctpdit om tu , 6,  55 77, 9, 121, 15, 15 16, 188,  . 6 ubtanc bantlty 19 , 9 9, 2  o uctpit om un 14 15 ualt 2  7 mblim lt 1 179, 16, 188 1899 xintal 189 Fd 12  ti 1899 ympa 184 nt ythi 9,   iini d biot 1 2, 2, 4 obiit o ntubc 14 atin 12, 1 poial 16 o ancn o 6-1 unty o cooun 1 ytmtcty piopca 8, 2, 6 opoitn to 9 S cmmint to x 9 ,  8 71, 1, , 26 9   18

tak 9 ta 9 tooy, tlooil bti 198 99 xpnton  body 1 xpnaton  th 12 o t 91 9, 6, 99   7, 11114, 1189 1, 1 , 1, 15 o ntjcti on 184 tpai 1114

tmpality tpoati 55, , 89, 9, 18, 1 1 1,  1 , 1 , 169, 1 1  1 dnmc v tti  a  mal o 1   dlit i o 11-11, 11 ntooil acont  1 oiinal 11, 11 nmol acont o 111-1 pychi 111, 1, 191 lt w  11, 11    th  obct il 18, 1 18 a totit  1 1 , 1  tim 7, 1 , 166  20, 26, 8 tly 9 8, 19, 199,  11 nati 26  o  tim tn  tm 1,  T t ( ir) 1 Ti ubc 1  po pct 161  81 tt 1192, 18 tim  tmpit otlt o ppa   bi   totit o cioun a 1 19 nd  ttai 2  xt lt  it  98  oit  I 18 ponbjct   , 1, 18 6 ti a 11 1 ld a 18 21 tay tic 19- tacn tct o t 12, 1, , 6 1 8 89 10, 4, 1 6 1 1, 5, 5  oncun ta ct 9    6

3

D

asn (strtr o rt ontu rs o m  60 ao to actcy  5 7  ascnc n mmanc 0 rascnctrc 5 he reene o the o  -9  26 90 96 99 7 22  52 6 6 27 n.  230 nn 26  2   2n 6 2 n  236n.     7  mpoay f onscoss ss 2-5 7  96  20 n 2  n. 45 7 n. 2 ansna argmnaomt n ar  - 70 5 9 9 08-9  230n  22n 70 n 5 cntgrns   62 65 00 0- 0  2 n. 0 asm 0   5 0  7 29 n 2 5 9 99 ncy 0-9 32 n 0 amry   7 soa thory 9 ratn 0  lo f nscn r  tt 62 uth n xitee 9   6 unccs 2 63 6 6- 9 29 happy oscos (onece maheuee) 0 U tas 0 y o g 200 20 206 0 o bg a appara 9 

o gt 55 of conscss 2   orts 56 naty f  onscns 92-9  f mobile mot  an n 5  rgc 99 o prsonsj 5 6- 23 2 7  7 6- o Psych  o wo 0 nsta 99 6 6 psg,  ot 5 5 9 0  5 56 6 0 02 32n 0  (nou-objet) 82  taasm 95 a 6 0 9 0 02-5 56 7  9-6 99 6 2n 9 2 66 6n 06 7 n     ta 0 ee ao at th v o a 5 Vy  w om or 6 0   rta  22 vscsty ( q 9 90 vot e w Wah, a 2 9n  23n  crcsm o at 2  200 5 n 9 T oos  stasm 25 n 9 28 n 5 Ver e onret 2 ar Dai   2 n 6 28 n. 3 29 nn  7  n  2  64 66 2  74 2n  237n 7 3 n. 0 Warrn m  w 4 2- a oj (nou-objet) - a sbct (oujet) 2

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