Ranade CRISC Axioms v. 4 April-1-2012Watermark-Unprotected

Vcze Oghgbaoah} Tvknazzckhglz Ch}l

Skqv zchbla zkqvja nkv Amqjg}ckh ch C] Jkh}vklz, Gqmc}chb, Vcze, Bk~avhghja, Ktavg}ckhz, ghm Zajqvc}s

Igs Vghgma–z JVCZJ Gpckoz

Chz}vqj}kv9 Igs Vghgma JCZG,JCZZT,JCZO,JFJT,JVCZJ,JBAC],CZZGT,OFJT Har Skve Jc}s, QZG T`kha %7/372/327/320> igsvghgmaDgkljko

Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 7



Ocpam Gpckoz nkv gll JVCZJ Mkogchz 7 Gh kvbghcyg}ckh–z vcze ghglszcz vazql}z z`kqlm NCVZ] fa z`gvam rc}` zahckv oghgbaoah} fajgqza qzqglls c} cz jkhncmah}cgl Okz} lceals }àza vazql}z gva glzk z`gvam rc}` }à ap}avhgl gqmc}kvz (}às `g~a ncmqjcgvs vaztkhzcfclc}s# ràh gbvaam qtkh fs }à zahckv oghgbaoah} 6 Kha kn }à vagzkhz nkv tavnkvochb vcze ghglszcz ghm oghgbaoah} cz }`g} c} cz gh azzah}cgl tgv} kn oghgbaoah}–z mqa mclcbahja : V]K cz }à ogch malc~avgfla kn FCG = G }`vag} aptlkc}z g ~qlhavgfclc}s }k jgqza mgogba }k }à gzza}z r`cj` jgqza g vcze }k }à fqzchazz tvkjazz Jkh}vklz gva tq} ch tlgja }k oc}cbg}a zqj` vcze 1 Chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s vcze ghglszcz bc~az }à vcze ngj}kv Skq cotlaoah} jkh}vklz }k oc}cbg}a zqj` vczez ghm fvchb }à vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al > Khls zahckv fqzchazz oghgbaoah} (hk} C] oghgbaoah} kv JCZK# jgh ma}avocha r`g} cz }à gjjat}gfla vazcmqgl vcze la~al 2 Vcze jgh khls fa oc}cbg}am Jkotla}a alcochg}ckh kn vcze cz hk} tkzzcfla 0 V]K gn}av gh chjcmah} cz gj`ca~am ràh hkvogl fqzchazz tvkjazzchb cz gj`ca~am 3 Gn}av jkh}vklz `g~a fvkqb`} }à vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al, vazcmqgl vcze jgh fa gjjat}am, }vghznavvam, kv cbhkvam 74 Tvkjazz krhavz `g~a }à okz} ch}cog}a ehkrlamba kn }à fqzchazz ghm gzzkjcg}am vczez ghm jkh}vklz Zk, }às gva ~avs zqc}gfla nkv mkchb vcze ghm jkh}vkl zaln gzzazzoah} (VJZG# 77 G bkkm vcze ghglszcz ghm vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo z`kqlm lagm }k vcze vamqj}ckh ghm jkz} kn jkh}vklz gzzkjcg}am rc}` }`g} vamqj}ckh 76 Wqgh}c}g}c~a (geg Kfiaj}c~a# vcze ghglszcz jgh fa mkha khls cn skq jgh tq} g `gvm okhas ~glqa vazql}chb nvko }à lkzz 7: GLA cz mcnncjql} }k jgljqlg}a cn }àva cz hk z}g}cz}cjgl `cz}kvcjgl mg}g }k oagzqva }à nvawqahjs kn }à chjcmah} kh gh ghhqglcyam fgzcz (ab g}}gje nvko g `gjeav kv jsfav g}}gje# Cn zqj` mg}g apcz}z, c} cz valg}c~als agzcav }k jgljqlg}a GLA (ab }`vag}z nvko `qvvcjgha, ncva, tkrav kq}gba, nlkkmchb, agv}`wqgea a}j# 7= GLA ? (nvawqahjs kn kjjqvvahja kn gh a~ah} kh gh ghhqglcyam fgzcz# P (lkzz ch okha}gvs }avoz nvko agj` kjjqvvahja# 71 Wqgh}c}g}c~a (kfiaj}c~a# vcze ghglszcz tq}z `gvm okhas ~glqa kh }à vcze, r`cla wqglc}g}c~a (zqfiaj}c~a# vcze ghglszcz mkaz hk} 7> Vazql} kn }à FCG cz V]K nkv g fqzchazz tvkjazz 72 V]K cz }à }coa ch}av~gl gn}av gh chjcmah} rc}`ch r`cj` cn g fqzchazz tvkjazz mkaz hk} vajk~av, c} mkaz cvva~avzcfla lkzz }k }à fqzchazz 70 Zkoa kn }à jkookh vcze oghgbaoah} oa}`kmklkbcaz gva JKFVG, KJ]GÂ, NVGT, NCVO, ZGVG, ghm ZTVCH] 73 Vcze tvanavahja cz }à gtta}c}a nkv vcze }à zahckv oghgbaoah} kn gh kvbghcyg}ckh cz rcllchb }k gjjat} 64 Cn gh ch}vqzckh `gz jkotvkoczam jkvtkvg}a ha}rkve ghm jkvtkvg}a mg}g `gz faah oglcjckqzls okmcncam, ghm JCV]+JAV] `gz ma}aj}am }à ch}vqzckh, }à zajqvc}s oghgbav


Tgba 6



z`kqlm ncvz} chnkvo }à mg}g krhavz zk }`g} jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vklz jgh fa apavjczam K}àv z}gea`klmavz z`kqlm fa hk}cncam gz tav jkvtkvg}a tklcjs ghm vabqlg}kvs+labgl vawqcvaoah}z 67 @ag} J`gv}z (geg z}ktlcb`} j`gv}z# jgh bvgt`cjglls matcj} }vgjechb kn vaoamcg}ckh annkv}z (geg jkh}vklz cotlaoah}g}ckh# }k oc}cbg}a ehkrh vczez @ag} j`gv} `gz }rk jkkvmchg}az9 P/gpcz cz }à tvkfgfclc}s ghm }à S/gpcz cz }à cotgj} Vcze cz z`krh gz bvaah, kvghba kv vam }vgnncj lcb`}z kh }à j`gv} 66 Khls mg}g krhavz jgh ma}avocha vawqcvaoah}z kn VTK 6: VTK (vajk~avs tkch} kfiaj}c~a# cz }à tkch} fgje ch }coa nvko }à kjjqvvahja kn gh chjcmah} qt }k r`cj` }à mg}g jgh fa vajk~avam annaj}c~als Ghs mg}g fa}raah }`g} tkch} ghm }à chjcmah} }coa cz lkz} ghm cz cvvajk~avgfla 6= Mg}g vatlcjg}ckh vamqjaz VTK, hk} V]K Zkoa jvc}cjgl fqzchazz tvkjazzaz vawqcva VTK kn yavk 61 Mg}g krhavz gva tvcogvcls vaztkhzcfla nkv gttvk~chb gjjazz }k }à zsz}aoz nkv r`cj` }às `g~a }à vaztkhzcfclc}s Zqj` gttvk~glz gva jgllam ah}c}laoah}z 6> Lcealc`kkm (geg nvawqahjs# ghm cotgj} ma}avocha }à vcze 62 Tqvtkza kn qzchb vcze oghgbaoah} }aj`hcwqaz cz }k ogpcocya VKC kn lcoc}am vazkqvjaz nkv oc}cbg}ckh kn vcze 60 G ngjclc}g}am vcze gzzazzoah} (geg Jkh}vkl Zaln Gzzazzoah}# ch~kl~az ch}avhgl tvkjazz krhavz ghm g ngjclc}g}kv (qzqglls ch}avhgl gqmc}kv# Tvkjazz krhavz cmah}cns }`vag}z, ~qlhavgfclc}caz, vczez, }àcv ogbhc}qmaz, }àcv nvawqahjcaz a}j C} cz oqj` ngz}av ghm jkz} annaj}c~a }aj`hcwqa 63 Ch vcze ghglszcz, skq jgh hk} ghm z`kqlm hk} cbhkva }à ~glqa kn gzza}z Skq jgh hk} gzzqoa }`g} gll gzza}z z`kqlm fa }vag}am awqglls Lkzz kn agj` gzza} `gz mcnnavah} cotgj} kh }à fqzchazz tvkjazzaz C} oaghz mcnnavah} gzza}z `g~a mcnnavah} vcze ngj}kvz :4 Chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s oghgbav z`kqlm tavnkvo vcze ghglszcz kn gll }à zsz}aoz ghm tvkjazzaz kn gh kvbghcyg}ckh , hk} iqz} nar zalaj}am chnvgz}vqj}qva jkotkhah}z kv eas zsz}aoz :7 Vcze gjjat}ghja cz g jkotkhah} kn vcze oc}cbg}ckh :6 Vcze ghglszcz ch~kl~az gzzazzoah} ghm a~glqg}ckh :: Vcze cz vamqjam }k g la~al ràva }à zahckv oghgbaoah} jgh gjjat} c} Vamqjam vcze cz jgllam vazcmqgl vcze := Cn g zajqvc}s nlgr cz ma}aj}am ch gh gttlcjg}ckh+zsz}ao r`cj` cz gfkq} }k fa tq} ch tvkmqj}ckh, }à zahckv oghgbaoah} (qzav ghm C]# oqz} fa chnkvoam cooamcg}als Vatkv}chb }k k}àv z}gea`klmavz jkqlm jgqza lkzz kn jkhncmahja ch }à zsz}ao :1 Ch C], okz} kn }à vcze gzzazzoah} mkha cz wqglc}g}c~a ch hg}qva (nkv lgje kn `cz}kvcjgl mg}g kh nvawqahjs kn }`vag}z#, }àvankva skq jgh hk} annaj}c~als mk jkz} fahanc} ghglszcz kn jkh}vklz :> Matahmchb qtkh }à vcze gtta}c}a kn gh kvbghcyg}ckh, c} ogs j`kza hk} }k vamqja vcze }k gh ap}ah} ràva aptahza kn jkh}vklz awqglz fahanc} :2 Vcze oghgbaoah} cz gh khbkchb tvkjazz Vczez j`ghba jkhz}gh}ls Vcze gzzazzoah} z`kqlm fa tavnkvoam ghhqglls kv cn g zcbhcncjgh} j`ghba `gz kjjqvvam (ab oavbav, gjwqczc}ckh, ogikv j`ghba ch gzza}z a}j#


Tgba :



:0 Har vczez gva qzqglls ch}vkmqjam ch}k }à C] zsz}aoz (ghm àhja fqzchazz tvkjazzaz# mqvchb qhmczjctlcham j`ghba oghgbaoah}, zk vcze oghgbaoah} z`kqlm fa tgv} kn j`ghba oghgbaoah} :3 Oghs jkotghcaz mk jkhzcmav cotgj} kn ch}vkmqjam j`ghba kh MVT kv FJT, `kra~av, kha z`kqlm jkhzcmav zqj` vczez nvko JCG tavztaj}c~a, hk} iqz} g~gclgfclc}s tavztaj}c~a =4 Tqvtkza kn }à vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo cz }k ochcocya vazcmqgl vcze =7 Alcochg}chb chàvah} vcze cz cotkzzcfla =6 Apgotla kn wqglc}g}c~a vczez gva vatq}g}ckh mgogba, jqz}koav lksgl}s, jqz}koav–z lkzz kn jkhncmahja, bkkmrcll kn }à jkotghs, a}j =: Wqgh}c}g}c~a vczez jgh fa }vghzlg}am ch}k okha}gvs lkzz ~glqa Vczez gvczchb nvko tkrav kq}gba, lkzz kn zav~av nkv a/jkooavja kvmav }gechb jgh fa agzcls wqgh}cncgfla == Tqvtkza kn HG] (ha}rkve gmmvazz }vghzlg}ckh# cz }vghzlg}ckh kn gh Ch}avha} Tvk}kjkl gmmvazz (CT Gmmvazz# qzam rc}`ch kha ha}rkve }k g mcnnavah} CT gmmvazz ehkrh rc}`ch ghk}àv ha}rkve ]à tqvtkza cz hk} }k la} ghskha kq}zcma }à ch}avhgl ha}rkve ehkr }à kvcbch kn }à oazzgba =1 Fgjebvkqhm jàje kh }aotkvgvs aotlksaaz kv jkhzql}gh}z cz }k vamqja }à vcze kn ch}avhgl g}}gje lgqhj` => Vcze gzzazzoah} nkv g jkotq}av `gvmrgva z`kqlm }gea ch}k gjjkqh} }à gzza} ~glqa kn vatlgjchb }`g} `gvmrgva Kvcbchgl jkz} (g} r`cj` c} rgz tqvj`gzam ochqz matvajcg}ckh# rkqlm fa mcnnavah} }`gh }à vatlgjaoah} jkz} =2 FCG (fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz# ma}avochaz vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~az kn fqzchazz tvkjazzaz nvko fqzchazz tavztaj}c~a ]`qz FCG àltz ch tvckvc}cychb vaz}kvg}ckh kn gttlcjg}ckhz (zqttkv}chb }`kza tvkjazzaz# =0 Kq}jkoa kn gh annaj}c~a FCG cz V]Kz nkv ~gvckqz fqzchazz tvkjazzaz =3 V]K (vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~a# nkv g fqzchazz tvkjazz cz }à }coa tavckm gn}av gh chjcmah} rc}`ch r`cj` cn }`g} fqzchazz tvkjazz cz hk} vajk~avam, c} rkqlm mk cvva~avzcfla lkzz }k }à kvbghcyg}ckh 14 ]vghznavvam vcze cz g vcze r`cj` cz gzzqoam fs g }`cvm tgv}s (ab chzqvghja jkotghs# 17 Fajgqza kn }à g~gclgfclc}s kn `cz}kvcjgl mg}g, hg}qvgl }`vag}z (`qvvcjgha, }kvhgmk, }st`kkhz, }zqhgocz, nlkkmchb a}j# jgh fa az}cog}am nkv }à lcealc`kkm kn }àcv kjjqvvahja K}àv }`vag}z nkv r`cj` `cz}kvcjgl mg}g cz hk} g~gclgfla (}avvkvcz} g}}gjez, fkof aptlkzckhz a}j# jgh–} fa az}cog}am nkv }à lcealc`kkm kn kjjqvvahja 16 GLA vawqcvaz nvawqahjs kn kjjqvvahja kn gh chjcmah} kh ghhqglcyam fgzcz ghm cotgj} kn agj` kjjqvvahja Cn }à nvawqahjs jgh hk} fa az}cog}am, skq jgh hk} ma}avocha GLA, àhja skq jgh hk} tavnkvo wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz (kfiaj}c~a# gz rall 1: Wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz jgh hk} fa mkha kh }à fgzcz kn ~gbqa tavjat}ckhz, lgje kn ma}gclz kn lkzz, zqfiaj}c~a chnkvog}ckh kv lgje kn ehkrlamba kn `cz}kvcjgl mg}g Zqj` vcze ghglszcz cz fa}}av knn fachb tavnkvoam wqglc}g}c~als 1= Qhmav cmagl jcvjqoz}ghjaz, vcze gzzazzoah} z`kqlm fa fgzam kh gfzklq}a okha}gvs }avoz, `kra~av c} cz mcnncjql} }k mk wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz nkv C] zsz}aoz 11 Bgt ghglszcz cz qzanql ràh kha cz }vschb }k nchm }à mcnnavahja fa}raah jqvvah} z}g}a ghm }à mazcvam nq}qva z}g}a ]`g} mcnnavahja cz }à bgt 1> Cmah}cncjg}ckh kn vczez ghm fgzam kh }`g} tvckvc}cyg}ckh kn jkh}vkl cotlaoah}g}ckhz àltz oghgbavz nkjqz kh gvagz kn `cb` vczez ncvz} Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba =



12 Wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz gmmvazzaz lcealc`kkm kn kjjqvvahja ghm }à cotgj} kn agj` kjjqvvahja 10 ]`vag}z aptlkc} ~qlhavgfclc}caz, ghm }`qz mgogba gzza}(z#, gzza} mgogba jgh jgqza vcze }k g fqzchazz tvkjazz fs gm~avzals gnnaj}chb g~gclgfclc}s, ch}abvc}s, ghm jkhncmah}cglc}s Skq cotlaoah} jkh}vklz }k vamqja ~qlhavgfclc}caz G} jav}gch tkch}, fqzchazz oghgbaoah} (hk} C] kv JCZK# gzzqoaz }à vazcmqgl vcze ghm mk hk} rgh} nqv}àv jkh}vklz }k fa gttlcam F]R, gttlschb jkh}vklz jkz}z okhas 13 VTK cz }à tkch} ch }coa }k r`cj` mg}g rkqlm fa vajk~avam ch jgza kh gh chjcmah} kv g mczgz}av Fgjeqt+vajk~avs z}vg}abs matahmz qtkh VTK, ghm c} c}zaln matahmz qtkh }à fqzchazz vawqcvaoah}z Zkoa fqzchazz tvkjazzaz `g~a lkr kv glokz} yavk VTK, zkoa jgh }klavg}a }k `g~a g `cbàv hqofav >4 Tqvtkza kn vagl }coa ghm zshj`vkhkqz mg}g vatlcjg}ckh cz }k `g~a VTK kn yavk >7 Ch gzshj`vkhkqz vatlcjg}ckhz, }àva cz g tvkfgfclc}s kn lkzz kn mg}g ]àva rkqlm fa g bgt kn r`g} rgz fachb tvkjazzaz g} }à tvcogvs zc}a ghm r`g} vagjàm }à gl}avhg}a (vajk~avs zc}a# Tvkjamqvaz oqz} fa ma~alktam }k ncll }`cz bgt gn}av g mczgz}av cn fqzchazz vawqcvaoah}z mcj}g}a g yavk VTK >6 Vcze ghglszcz z`kqlm chjlqma GLL kvbghcyg}ckhgl gj}c~c}caz, ghm hk} iqz} C], kv chnvgz}vqj}qva, kv nchghjcgl zsz}aoz kv vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z >: Oghgbaoah}–z majczckh nkv gjjat}gfla vazcmqgl vcze cz zqfiaj}c~a ch hg}qva, a~ah cn }à vcze mg}g tvk~cmam cz fgzam kh GLA C} cz g iqmboah} jgll Cn g JGA mczgbvaaz rc}` }`g} iqmboah}, iqmboah}, à+zà mczjqzzaz mczjqzzaz c} rc}` }à }à oghgbaoah} oghgbaoah} ghm }vcaz }k zkv} zkv} }`chbz kq} Cn Cn }àva cz z}cll g mczgbvaaoah}, og}}av cz vanavvam }k }à Gqmc} Jkooc}}aa (r`cj` qzqglls `gz g fkgvm oaofav ch c}# >= Tvkfgfclc}s }`g} g zqjjazznql g}}gje rcll kjjqv cz `cb` cn }à ~glqa kn }à gzza} cz `cb` ghm }à tvk}aj}ckh cz lkr (oaghz jkh}vklz gva hk} annaj}c~a# >1 Cn gh gzza} cz kn ~glqa }k skq, }àh c} cz glzk kn ~glqa }k zkoakha alza ]`g} nkvoz }à fgzcz kn g }`vag} Cn skq naal }`g} g tgv}cjqlgv gzza} `gz hk }`vag} r`g}zka~av, }àkva}cjglls, }`g} gzza} `gz hk ~glqa ac}àv >> Ch ZMLJ, kha z`kqlm gmmvazz vcze gzzazzoah} kn g sa}/}k/fa/ma~alktam kv gjwqcvam gttlcjg}ckh zsz}aoz mqvchb }à nagzcfclc}s z}gba Tgv} kn zqj` vczez jkqlm fa oc}cbg}am mqvchb }à mazcbh t`gza >2 Fqzchazz oghgbavz gva }à okz} gttvktvcg}a }k ehkr }à cotgj} kn }à qhg~gclgfclc}s kn gh CZ zsz}ao kh fqzchazz ]àvankva, }às `g~a }à ehkrlamba }k qhmavz}ghm cotgj} kn qhg~gclgfclc}s kn CZ gzza} kh }à fqzchazz tvkjazz (z# >0 Ràh z}vkhb jkh}vklz vamqja }à ~qlhavgfclc}s, tvkfgfclc}s kn g zqjjazznql g}}gje cz vamqjam >3 Lgje kn j`ghba oghgbaoah} bvag}ls chjvagzaz }à CZ zajqvc}s vczez 24 Ràh zahckv oghgbaoah} gjjat}z }à vazcmqgl vcze, c} cz ma}avocham fs }à kvbghcyg}ckhgl vawqcvaoah}z ghm hk} C] vawqcvaoah}z kv zajqvc}s vawqcvaoah}z kv r`g} cz fachb mkha fs k}àv zcoclgv jkotghcaz 27 Vcze gjjat}ghja cz gh gl}avhg}c~a }k jkhzcmav (fs }à zahckv oghgbaoah}# gz tgv} kn vcze oc}cbg}ckh tvkjazz 26 Matahmchb qtkh }à vcze gtta}c}a kn gh kvbghcyg}ckh, Vcze oghgbaoah} ch~kl~az oc}cbg}chb }à vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 1



2: Vcze jgh hk} fa vamqjam }k yavk A~ah }vschb }k gttvkgj` }à la~al kn yavk jkqlm fagv tvk`cfc}c~a jkz}z 2= ^glqa kn g t`szcjgl gzza} z`kqlm fa fgzam kh vatlgjaoah} jkz} ghm hk} }à kvcbchgl jkz} kn }à matvajcg}am+gokv}cyam jkz} kn }à gzza} 21 Ch FCG, ~glqa kn chnkvog}ckh zsz}ao cz fgzam kh jkz} }`g} rcll fa chjqvvam nkv hkh/ g~gclgfclc}s g~gclgfclc} s kn }à fqzchazz tvkjazz cn }`g} zsz}ao fajkoaz qhg~gclgfla 2> Vczez j`ghba kh g jkh}chqkqz fgzcz fajgqza }`vag}z j`ghba kh g jkh}chqkqz fgzcz ghm ~qlhavgfclc}caz r`cj` rava tlqbbam fankva jkqlm aptkza }àozal~az mqa }k j`ghbam jcvjqoz}ghjaz ]àvankva vcze gzzazzoah} cz mkha nvawqah}ls aztajcglls nkv zajqvc}s vczez 22 Zqjjazznql vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo ochcocyaz vazcmqgl vcze 20 Ch}ghbcfla qhwqgh}cncgfla vczez lcea vatq}g}ckhgl mgogba kv lkzz kn jqz}koav jkhncmahja `g~a ogikv cotgj} kh gh kvbghcyg}ckh 23 Bgt ghglszcz cz qzam }k nkv az}cog}chb mcnnavahjaz fa}raah jqvvah} z}g}a ghm mazcvgfla nq}qva z}g}a C} àltz ch cmah}cnschb gvagz kn vcze }`g} `g~a HK] faah gmvazzam 04 ]vghznavvam vcze cz }à vcze }`g} `gz faah }vghznavvam }k g }`cvm tgv}s (ab chzqvghja jkotghs# 07 Jkh}vklz gva qzam }k oc}cbg}a vczez @kr oqj` vazkqvja gllkjg}ckh z`kqlm fa mkha nkv zqj` oc}cbg}ckh matahmz qtkh vcze ghglszcz 06 Vczez jgh fa nvko ap}avhgl gz rall gz ch}avhgl ah}c}caz Faz} tvk}aj}c~a jkh}vkl nkv ch}avhgl vcze oghgbaoah} cz mkchb tvktav ghm ap}ahzc~a fgjebvkqhm jàje kh tvkztaj}c~a aotlksaaz 0: ]`vag}z nkv r`cj` }àva cz `cz}kvcjgl mg}g g~gclgfla gva agzs }k az}cog}a nkv lcealc`kkm kn }àcv kjjqvvahja (}`cz cz `kr chzqvghja gj}qgvcaz az}cog}a tvaocqoz gfkq} tvkfgfclc}caz kn agv}`wqgeaz, `qvvcjghaz, }kvhgmkz, }st`kkhz a}j# ]`vag}z r`cj` gva qhtvamcj}gfla (fkof aptlkzckh# kv `g~a hk `cz}kvcjgl mg}g g~gclgfla, gva mcnncjql} }k az}cog}a nkv }àcv lcealc`kkm 0= Wqglc}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz cz glrgsz zqfiaj}c~a ch hg}qva 01 Vcze oghgbaoah} cz }à tvkjazz kn ahzqvchb }`g} }à cotgj} kn }`vag}z aptlkc}chb ~qlhavgfclc}caz cz rc}`ch gjjat}gfla lcoc}z g} gh gjjat}gfla jkz} 0> Wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze cz kn}ah aptvazzam gz / Ghhqgl Lkzz Aptaj}ghjs ? (Gzza} ~glqa p Aptkzqva ngj}kv# p Ghhqgl vg}a kn kjjqvvahja 02 Vcze Oghgbaoah} tvk~cmaz vg}ckhgla ghm iqz}cncjg}ckh nkv ~cv}qglls gll chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s gj}c~c}caz 00 G vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs cz gh ch}abvg}am fqzchazz tvkjazz rc}` mancham kfiaj}c~az }`g} chjkvtkvg}az gll kn }à vcze oghgbaoah} tvkjazzaz, gj}c~c}caz, oa}`kmklkbcaz ghm tklcjcaz gmkt}am ghm jgvvcam kq} ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh 03 G z}aavchb jkooc}}aa jkotkzam kn ogikv z}gea`klmavz oqz} za} vcze oghgbaoah} tvckvc}caz ghm mancha vcze oghgbaoah} kfiaj}c~az ch }avoz kn zqttkv}chb fqzchazz z}vg}abs 34 ]à CZO cz vaztkhzcfla nkv ma~alktchb, jkllgfkvg}chb ghm oghgbchb }à chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo }k oaa} }à mancham kfiaj}c~az 37 Manchchb la~alz kn gjjat}gfla vcze ghm kf}gchchb zahckv oghgbaoah} zqttkv} cz gh azzah}cgl jkhmc}ckh nkv annaj}c~a vcze oghgbaoah}


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36 Vcze oghgbaoah} cz }à tvkjazz, mcz}chj} nvko vcze gzzazzoah}, kn racb`chb tklcjs gl}avhg}c~az ch jkhzql}g}ckh rc}` ch}avaz}am tgv}caz, jkhzcmavchb vcze gzzazzoah} ghm k}àv labc}cog}a ngj}kvz, ghm zalaj}chb gttvktvcg}a tva~ah}ckh ghm jkh}vkl kt}ckhz 3: Vcze oghgbaoah} z`kqlm fa g jkh}chqkqz tvkjazz }k ahzqva }`g} j`ghbchb }`vag}z ghm ~qlhavgfclc}caz gva gmmvazzam ch g }coals oghhav 3= Vczez gva hk} glrgsz b bkchb kchb }k fa }vag}am Matahmchb kh gh kvbghcyg}ckh–z vcze gtta}c}a zkoa vczez }`g} ogs zaao jvc}cjgl zqj` gz vabqlg}kvs jkotlcghja ogs iqz} fa gjjat}am ]à fkgvm kn mcvaj}kvz ghm zahckv oghgbaoah} z`kqlm za} }à kvbghcyg}ckhz gjjat}gfla la~alz kn vcze 31 Gbbvabg}a vcze oqz} fa jkhzcmavam ]`cz jgh apcz} ràh g tgv}cjqlgv }`vag} gnnaj}z g lgvba hqofav kn ochkv ~qlhavgfclc}caz }`g} ch jkofchg}ckh jgh `g~a g zcbhcncjgh} cotgj} 3> Manchchb z}vg}abcaz ghm tvckvc}cychb kt}ckhz }k oc}cbg}a vcze }k la~alz gjjat}gfla }k }à ah}avtvcza gva eas vaztkhzcfclc}caz kn }à chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s oghgbav 32 ]à ncvz} z}at ch g vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo z`kqlm fa }k bahavg}a g jkotvaàhzc~a lcz} kn zkqvjaz kn }`vag}z, vczez ghm a~ah}z }`g} ocb`} `g~a cotgj} kh gj`ca~aoah} kn agj` kn }à kfiaj}c~az gz cmah}cncam ch }à manchc}ckh kn zjkta ghm nvgoarkve 30 ]`vag}z gva ghs jcvjqoz}ghjaz kv a~ah}z rc}` }à tk}ah}cgl }k `gvo gh chnkvog}ckh vazkqvja fs aptlkc}chb g ~qlhavgfclc}s 33 ]k ma}avocha }à vagzkhgfla la~al kn gjjat}gfla vcze, }à vcze oghgbav oqz} ma}avocha gh kt}cogl tkch} ràva jkz} kn lkzzaz ch}avzaj}z rc}` }à jkz} kn vcze oc}cbg}ckh 744 Vcze ghglszcz cz }à t`gza ràva }à la~al kn vcze ghm c}z hg}qva gva gzzazzam ghm qhmavz}kkm 747 ]à jkz} kn oc}cbg}chb vcze oqz} hk} apjaam }à ~glqa kn }à gzza} 746 ]à vazql} kn ghs ~qlhavgfclc}s aptlkc}am fs g }`vag} }`g} jgqzaz g lkzz cz gh cotgj} 74: Cotgj} cz }à fk}}ko lcha nkv vcze oghgbaoah} 74= ]`vag}z ghm ~qlhavgfclc}caz }`g} mk hk} jgqza gh cotgj} gva cvvala~gh} 741 ]à FCG zav~az }k tvckvc}cya vcze oghgbaoah}, ràh jkqtlam rc}` gzza} ~glqg}ckhz }à FCG tvk~cmaz }à fgzcz nkv }à la~alz ghm }staz kn tvk}aj}ckh vawqcvam gz rall gz }à fgzcz nkv fqzchazz jgza ma~alktoah} 74> Jkqh}avoagzqvaz mcvaj}ls vamqja g }`vag} kv ~qlhavgfclc}s ghm jgh fa jkhzcmavam g }gvba}am jkh}vkl ab zaboah}chb g ha}rkve, `g~chb oql}ctla CZTz, ghm z}kttchb gh gj}c~c}s }`g} jvag}az g vcze 742 Vazcmqgl Vcze cz }à vcze }`g} z}cll vaogchz gn}av jkqh}avoagzqvaz ghm jkh}vklz `g~a faah mazcbham ghm cotlaoah}am 740 Vcze apjat}ckh cz vcze gjjat}ghja gbgchz} gh kvbghcyg}ckhgl tklcjs 743 Ràh jkhzcmavchb jkz}z nkv jkh}vklz, }à ]JK oqz} fa jkhzcmavam nkv }à nqll lcna jsjla nkv }`g} jkh}vkl 774 Ch ma}avochchb chnkvog}ckh gzza} jlgzzcncjg}ckh, c} cz g bahavglls gjjat}am tvgj}cja }k nkjqz kh }à cotgj} }`g} g lkzz kn chnkvog}ckh vazkqvjaz rkqlm `g~a kh }à kvbghcyg}ckh vg}àv }àh kh g ztajcncj gm~avza a~ah} 777 Fqzchazz haamz mcj}g}a }à vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~az (V]K# 776 Ch fqzchazz jkh}chqc}s ghm vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~az, }àva cz g fvage/a~ah tkch}, ràva }à cotgj} kn }à mczvqt}ckh rcll fabch }k fa bvag}av }`gh }à jkz} kn vajk~avs


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77: Za}}chb fgzalchaz nkv zajqvc}s k~av gh kvbghcyg}ckh–z chnkvog}ckh `gz oghs fahanc}z ch }`g} c} z}ghmgvmcyaz }à ochcoqo gokqh} kn zajqvc}s oagzqvaz }`g} z`kqlm fa aotlksam 77= Zchja taktla gva bahavglls }à bvag}az} vcze }k gh kvbghcyg}ckh, gttvktvcg}a grgvahazz ghm }vgchchb jgh `g~a zcbhcncjgh} cotgj} ch oc}cbg}chb vcze 771 C] vcze oghgbaoah} cz mvc~ah fs aofammchb gjjkqh}gfclc}s ch}k }à ah}avtvcza 77> Gjjkvmchb }k FCZ, okz} kn }à nchghjcgl chmqz}vs vczez gva nvko fvagemkrhz kn C], k~avzcb`}, ghm ch}avhgl jkh}vklz 772 JAK `gz }à vaztkhzcfclc}s }k gjjat} vazcmqgl vcze 770 JCK cotlaoah}z }à C] jkh}vkl nvgoarkve (JKFC]# 773 JCK cz vaztkhzcfla nkv z}ghmgvmcychb C] gvj`c}aj}qva ghm }aj`hklkbs 764 Fqzchazz apajq}c~az tvk~cma FCG nkv AVO tvkjazz 767 JCK jvag}az fq} fqzchazz apajq}c~az zcbh knn kh }à C] FZJ 766 C] Z}aavchb Jkooc}}aa cz }à ztkhzkv kn }à BVJ( bk~avhghja, vcze, ghm jkh}vkl# nvgoarkve 76: C] Z}aavchb Jkooc}}aa `gz }k ahzqva }`g} gll tvkiaj}z `g~a tvkiaj} vcze oghgbaoah} jkotkhah} 76= C] Z}aavchb Jkooc}}aa (HK] C] Z}vg}abs Jkooc}}aa# tavnkvoz tkv}nklck va~carz nkv z}vg}abcj vala~ghja 761 Fqzchazz krhz C]/valg}am vczez 76> Ngclchb }k bvgzt gh kttkv}qhc}s }k qza C] cz g vcze 762 Fqzchazz hk} C] oghgbaoah} z`kqlm mancha C] vcze 760 Qzav kn C] zav~cjaz (fqzchazz# oqz} krh }à C] vcze 763 A~avs vcze oqz} `g~a gh krhav Oc}cbg}ckh krhav ogs fa mcnnavah} }`gh vcze krhav 7:4 C} cz KE }k }gea vcze tvk~cmam skq ehkr }`g} r`g} skq gva }gechb cz g vcze 7:7 Lche vcze oghgbaoah} }k gj`ca~aoah} kn kfiaj}c~az Hkh/apajq}c~a fkgvm oaofavz mk hk} haam }k ehkr }à ghzravz fq} }às haam }k 7:6 ehkr }à wqaz}ckhz g 7:: Vcze gjjat}ghja cz g bk~avhghja nkjqz 7:= Gh gttlcjg}ckh }`g} czzqaz gh glav} ràh g j`ghba cz ogma }k g ztajcncj ncla cz g bahavgl jkh}vkl, hk} gh gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vkl 7:1 G oghqgl tvkjamqva }`g} ~avcncaz }à jkotla}ahazz ghm gjjqvgjs kn }vghzgj}ckh mg}g cz gh gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vkl, hk} g bahavgl jkh}vkl 7:> Cotlaoah}g}ckh kn gq}kog}am gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vklz gva oghgbam }`vkqb` JKFC] tvkjazzaz ch mkogch “gjwqcva ghm cotlaoah}‟ 7:2 Gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vkl kfiaj}c~az gva hk} tgv} kn JKFC] fajgqza zg}czngj}ckh kn }ào cz }à vaztkhzcfclc}s kn }à fqzchazz 7:0 Fqzchazz jvc}cjgl tvkjazzaz vawqcva okva jkh}vklz fajgqza fajgq za }à vcze cz `cbàv 7:3 ]à JCKz magl rcll gll oghhav kn C] vcze kh g mgcls fgzcz ghm }àvankva cz faz} zqc}am }k vatkv} kh C] vcze }k }à fkgvm 7=4 ]à Z}vg}abs Jkooc}}aa cz }à Fkgvm ghm }kk ngv vaok~am nvko mgs }k mgs ah}avtvcza gj}c~c}s }k vatkv} vcze kh g }coals fgzcz Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 0



7=7 Z}vg}abs jkooc}}aa cz nkvrgvm lkkechb r`cla vcze vatkv}chb gmmvazzaz jqvvah} jkhncbqvg}ckh kn ah}avtvcza zsz}aoz 7=6 ]à JCZK maglz rc}` khls kha echm kn vcze (chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s# gokhb }à oghs }`g} }à fkgvm jkhjavhz c}zaln (ab tvkiaj} vcze, kfzklazja, …# 7=: Cn C] cz kq}zkqvjam, vcze oghgbaoah} jgh fa okhc}kvam ghm }àvankva oghgbam fs tgv}caz chmatahmah} kn C] ]àvankva vcze oghgbaoah} mkaz hk} zqnnav Ah}avtvcza z}gnn ghm nqhj}ckhz z`kqlm fa ztajcncjglls gjjkqh}gfla nkv gj}ckhz5 7== ‐fvkgm gjjkqh}gfclc}s– cz }k zkoa mabvaa gh kpsokvkh 7=1 ]à Fkgvm jghhk} malabg}a c}z vaztkhzcfclc}s }k tvazav~a }à ~glqa kn jkvtkvg}a gzza}z ghm }`qz oqz} va}gch c}z jgtgfclc}s }k ma}avocha gjjat}gfla la~alz kn vcze Vcze }vghztgvahjs ahzqvaz }à vajact} kn vala~gh} vatkv}z valg}am }k }à }vqz}rkv}`chazz kn fqzchazz }vghzgj}ckhz ghm jkhncmah}cglc}s fvagjàz 7=> Fs az}gflcz`chb vcze oghgbaoah} gz gh chmatahmah} chmatah mah} fqzchazz nqhj}ckh vamqjaz }à kttkv}qhc}s }k ahzqva }`g} vcze oghgbaoah} cz aofammam ch }à ktavg}ckh kn }à ah}avtvcza @ahja, c} cz hk} vajkooahmam 7=2 Vabqlg}kvs jkotlcghja cz vaztkhzcfclc}s kn jkotghs ktavg}ckhz5 ktavg}ckhgl gztaj}z gva magl} rc}` ch fglghjam zjkvajgvmz gz gh "ch}avhgl tavztaj}c~a– Jkotlcghja ogs `g~a nchghjcgl ghm jqz}koav gztaj}z fq} }`kza gva hk} tvcogvs vagzkhz Valcgfclc}s valg}az }k }à tvk~czckhchb kn chnkvog}ckh }k oghgbaoah} zk }`g} 7=0 c} jgh apavjcza bk~avhghja ghm ncmqjcgvs vaztkhzcfclc}s ]vghztgvahjs cz azzah}cgl }k }àza nqhj}ckhz 7=3 Gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vklz jgh tvk~cma jkotla}ahazz, ch}abvc}s, gq}`kvcyg}ckh (}k zkoa ap}ah}#, gjjqvgjs, fq} c} mkaz hk} tvk~cma jkotla}a valcgfclc}s Valcgfclc}s cz g bahavgl tvktav}s kn }à chnkvog}ckh zsz}ao }geah gz g r`kla ràvagz gttlcjg}ckh magl rc}` ztajcncj tvkjazzchb kn zqfza}z kn mg}g }k zqttkv} ztajcncj fqzchazz nqhj}ckhz 714 Jkfc} tvkjazzaz jk~av bahavgl jkh}vklz khls, ghm hk} gttlcjg}ckh jkh}vklz ]à fqzchazz cz vaztkhzcfla nkv manchchb nqhj}ckhgl ghm jkh}vkl vawqcvaoah}z nkv gttlcjg}ckhz, qza kn gttlcjg}ckhz, ghm oghqgl jkh}vklz JKFC] C] tvkjazzaz chjlqma }à cotlaoah}g}ckh kn }`kza jkh}vkl vawqcvaoah}z }`g} gva z`gvam gjvkzz gttlcjg}ckhz, r`cj` gva bahavgl jkh}vklz Fkgvm `gz }à tvcogvs ch}avaz} ghm gjjkqh}gfclc}s }k ahzqva }`g} C]"z cotgj} kh 717 ah}avtvcza vcze cz tvktavls oghgbam 716 Vcze/Grgva Jql}qva cz g zavcaz kn fa`g~ckvz 71: Zsot}koz kn tvkflaog}cj vcze jql}qva chjlqma oczglcbhoah} fa}raah vcze gtta}c}a ghm c}z }vghzlg}ckh ch}k tklcjcaz gz rall gz g jql}qva kn “flgoa‟ C] Vcze Oghgbaoah} NR cz bahavglls gjjat}am, fqzchazz tvkjazz/kvcah}am 71= z}vqj}qvaz }`g} az}gflcz` g jkookh lghbqgba ghm ahgfla vatag}gfla fqzchazz tvkjazzaz 711 Z}ghmgvmz gva qzqglls ch}ahmam nkv jkotlcghja tqvtkzaz ‚ tklcjs ghm vabcqlg}kvs 71> Tvgj}cjaz gva nvawqah} gj}ckhz tavnkvoam gz gh gttlcjg}ckh kn ehkrlamba ab gh cotlaoah}av–z bqcma }k C] Vcze 712


Tgba 3



JVCZJ Mkogch 7 (Vcze Cmah}cncjg}ckh, Gzzazzoah}, ghm A~glqg}ckh# 7 Tklcjcaz gva g} }à `cbàz} la~al, z}ghmgvmz gva mavc~am nvko tklcjcaz, ghm tvkjamqvaz bc~a z}at/fs/z}at chz}vqj}ckhz kh `kr }k cotlaoah} z}ghmgvmz Bqcmalchaz bc~a chz}vqj}ckhz kh `kr }k `ghmla apjat}ckhz 6 Tklcjcaz ghm z}ghmgvmz gva oghmg}kvs, tvkjamqvaz ghm bqcmalchaz gva hk} : Bk~avhghja cz g} }à `cbàz} la~al (fkgvm ghm apajq}c~a oghgbaoah}# Oghgbaoah} cz g} }à ocmmla la~al (fqzchazz qhc}z, fqzchazz tvkjazz krhavz# Ktavg}ckhz cz g} }à lkraz} la~al = Vkla kn oghgbaoah} ch cotlaoah}chb vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs cz }k gzzazz ghm chjkvtkvg}a vazql}z kn vcze oghgbaoah} gj}c~c}s ch}k majczckh ogechb tvkjazz 1 Tlghhchb nkv, fqmba}chb nkv, ghm tavnkvoghja kn chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s cz }à vaztkhzcfclc}s kn JCK @kra~av, JCK cz hk} mcvaj}ls vaztkhzcfla nkv cotlaoah}chb vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs > Zsz}ao gmochcz}vg}kvz gva glzk mg}g jqz}kmcghz zchja }às ahzqva zgna z}kvgba, }vghztkv}, ghm jqz}kms kn mg}g K}àv mg}g jqz}kmcghz jkqlm fa MFG ghm zajqvc}s gmochcz}vg}kvz 2 Vcze gtta}c}a cz g} }à fkgvm la~al Vcze }klavghja cz g} }à fqzchazz qhc} la~al Vcze gjjat}ghja (kn }à vazcmqgl vcze# cz g} }à apajq}c~a la~al (ab JAK# 0 Jkh}vklz oc}cbg}a vcze Jkh}vklz jkz} okhas ghm glzk zlkr mkrh }à fqzchazz tvkjazz 3 Kha kn }à tvcogvs vagzkhz }k mk vcze gzzazzoah} cz }k nchm kq} “jqvvah} z}g}a kn vcze nkv gh kvbghcyg}ckh‟ 74 Vcze gzzazzoah} cz g} }à kvbghcyg}ckh la~al (`cb` la~al# Fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz cz g} }à fqzchazz tvkjazz la~al 77 Skq jgh kq}zkqvja vaztkhzcfclc}s, fq} jgh hk} kq}zkqvja gjjkqh}gfclc}s 76 ]`vag} ghm ~qlhavgfclc}s gzzazzoah} nkvo }à fgzcz }k a~glqg}a ~gvckqz alaoah}z kn }à tvkjazz kn vcze gzzazzoah} 7: Vcze grgvahazz cz gfkq} gjehkrlambchb }`g} vcze cz gh ch}abvgl tgv} kn }à fqzchazz 7= Lcealc`kkm kn g }`vag} aptlkc}chb g ~qlhavgfclc}s ghm }à cotgj} kn }`g} cz qzam }k a~glqg}a wqglc}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} 71 G~kcmchb vcze cz rglechb grgs nvko }à }`vag} 7> Cn skq kq}zkqvja C] ktavg}ckhz }k g nkvacbh jkqh}vs, ghm tvkjazzchb }geaz tlgja ch }`g} jkqh}vs ràva t`szcjgl zav~avz ghm z}kvgba ma~cjaz gva glzk lkjg}am, kha kn }à jkhjavh rkqlm fa }`g} }à lgrz ghm vabqlg}ckhz kn kq}zkqvjav jkqh}vs gva hk} ahnkvjagfla ch }à kq}zkqvjam jkqh}vs 72 C] zajqvc}s oghgbav (CZO kv JCZK# cmah}cncaz, a~glqg}az, ghm oc}cbg}az vcze }k C] zsz}aoz zqttkv}chb jvc}cjgl fqzchazz tvkjazzaz Fq} CZO mkaz hk} jvag}a vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs 70 Chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s bk~avhghja okmal rcll fa zcbhcncjgh}ls cotgj}am fs jkotlapc}s kn }à kvbghcyg}ckhgl z}vqj}qva ab lagmavz`ct, lchaz kn jkooqhcjg}ckhz, fqzchazz qhc}z, z`gvam zav~cjaz (C], @V a}j#


Tgba 74



73 Vczez gva g} }`vaa la~alz/ z}vg}abcj la~al, tvkjazz la~al, ghm gj}c~c}s la~al Jkh}vklz g} agj` kn }àza la~alz oc}cbg}a vczez g} }`g} la~al Jkh}vklz g} lkrav la~al (ab gj}c~c}s la~al# rcll hk} oc}cbg}a vcze g} g `cbàv la~al (z}vg}abcj kv tvkjazz la~al# 64 C] vcze }k fa aptvazzam ch jlagv fqzchazz vala~gh} }avoz ]àva `gz }k fa oq}qgl qhmavz}ghmchb fa}raah C] ghm }à fqzchazz k~av r`cj` vczez haam }k fa oghgbam ghm r`s 67 Kvbghcyg}ckhgl fqzchazz kfiaj}c~az ghm vcze gtta}c}a cz qzam }k mancha kvbghcyg}ckhgl vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abcaz 66 Kvbghcyg}ckhgl vcze gtta}c}a cz g} }à kvbghcyg}ckh la~al ghm cz ma}avocham fs }à fkgvm Kvbghcyg}ckhgl vcze }klavghja cz g} }à fqzchazz qhc} la~al ghm cz ma}avocham fs }à fqzchazz qhc} oghgbav @kra~av, zqo }k}gl kn vcze gtta}c}az kn ~gvckqz fqzchazz qhc}z z`kqlm fa gvkqhm }à }k}gl vcze gtta}c}a kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh 6: Oaa}chb vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z cz hk} }à tvcogvs bkgl kn vcze gzzazzoah} ghm vcze oc}cbg}ckh Oaa}chb vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z cmaglls z`kqlm fa }à kq}jkoa hk} }à vagzkh nkv c} 6= ]`vaa ogikv C] vczez gva ~glqa ahgflaoah} vcze, tvkiaj} malc~avs vcze, ghm ktavg}ckhz+zav~cja malc~avs vcze 61 Vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs chjlqmaz jqvvah} z}g}a kn vcze ghm }à nq}qva mazcvgfla z}g}a kn vcze fgza kh vcze gtta}c}a 6> A~glqg}chb jkhzawqahjaz kn vcze, }`vkqb` lcealc`kkm ghm cotgj}, cz cotkv}gh} nkv tvckvc}cychb vcze vaztkhzaz 62 Fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz (FCG# vazql}z ch cmah}cncjg}ckh ghm tvckvc}cyg}ckh kn jvc}cjgl fqzchazz tvkjazzaz Jvc}cjgl fqzchazz tvkjazzaz `g~a lkr V]K 60 Okz} jkookh }aj`hcwqa }k }vghznav vcze cz }`vkqb` chzqvghja 63 Skq qzqglls fqs chzqvghja }k jk~av vazcmqgl vcze, fajgqza }`g}–z }à vcze r`cj` cz hk} jk~avam fs }à jkh}vklz :4 Jkh}vklz oqz} fa tvktkv}ckhgl }k vcze Okva ~glqgfla }à chnkvog}ckh, okva }à jkh}vklz :7 Wqglc}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} cz zqfiaj}c~a Wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} cz kfiaj}c~a :6 Kha kn }à faz} tvkjazzaz }k ogch}gch GJJQVG]A vcze vabcz}av cz }k tqflcz` vcze vabcz}av ch EO (ehkrlamba oghgbaoah}# tlg}nkvo, ghm mazcbh rkve nlkr zk }`g} c} tavckmcjglls jkh}gj}z vcze gzzazzkvz ghm jkh}vkl gzzazzkvz }k ahzqva gjjqvgjs kn chnkvog}ckh :: Mg}g krhavz gva vaztkhzcfla nkv qzav ah}c}laoah}z ghm ah}c}laoah} j`ghbaz Mg}g jqz}kmcghz (ab MFG, zajqvc}s gmochcz}vg}kv# cotlaoah} }à majczckhz kn mg}g krhavz := C] Vcze zjahgvck jkotkhah} cz gzzkjcg}am rc}`9 gj}kvz, }`vag} }staz, a~ah}z, gzza}+vazkqvjaz, ghm }coa :1 Fa}raah zqjjazzc~a vcze a~glqg}ckhz, ok~aoah} ch vcze ghm jkh}vkl j`ghbaz gva ma}avocham fs EVCz ghm EJCz :> Kha kn }à faz} tvgj}cjaz }k oc}cbg}a vcze nvko kq}zkqvjchb cz }k tavckmcjglls gqmc} }à ~ahmkv nkv jkotlcghja ghm jkh}vgj}qgl vawqcvaoah}z :2 EVCz tvk~cma vcze ok~aoah} ch ehkrh vczez ghm hk} }à vczez r`cj` `g~a hk} faah cmah}cncam sa} :0 Vkk} jgqza ghglszcz cz }à tvkjazz kn nchmchb kvcbch kn a~ah}z ghm cz qzam }k zklcmcns kv cotvk~a jkh}vklz kv cotlaoah} har jkh}vklz }k oc}cbg}a vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al


Tgba 77



:3 Mg}g jlgzzcncjg}ckh tklcjs cz g} }à kvbghcyg}ckh la~al Tvk}aj}ckh kn mg}g qhmav ~gvckqz jlgzzcncjg}ckhz cz mcvaj}ls tvktkv}ckhgl }k }à ~glqa kn }à mg}g Zkoa kn }à jkookh jlgzzcncjg}ckhz gva }vgma zajva}, jkhncmah}cgl, ch}avhgl qza khls, tvc~g}a, tqflcj =4 Zsz}aocj vcze cz kq}jkoa kn gh a~ah} rc}` fqzchazz tgv}hav }`g} gnnaj}z gh ah}cva gvag kv chmqz}vs =7 Jkh}gbckqz vcze cz mqa }k a~ah}z }`g} `gttah }k za~avgl fqzchazz tgv}havz ch g z`kv} }coa nvgoa =6 Kfzjqva vcze cz vcze }`g} `gz hk} sa} kjjqvvam (hkh/`cz}kvcjgl# ghm cz qhlceals kv mcnncjql} }k ng}`ko =: Gzzazzoah} kn C] vczez, }`vag}z, ~qlhavgfclc}caz, ghm cotgj} cz cz mkha qzchb wqglc}g}c~a ghm+kv wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah}z == Ch bahavgl, C] vcze a~glqg}ckh z`kqlm fa mkha khja g sagv kv ràh g ogikv j`ghba kjjqvz Apgotlaz kn zcbhcncjgh} j`ghbaz gva har `gvmrgva, zkn}rgva, oavbav ghm gjwqczc}ckh a}j =1 Ch}avmatahmahjcaz kn fqzchazz tvkjazzaz (r`g} haamz }k fa mkha ncvz}, ghm r`g} zqfzawqah}ls# haam }k fa ma}avocham ch tvkjazz vajk~avs ]`cz cz mkha mqvchb FCG (fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz# => Mcnnavah} gzza}z `g~a mcnnavah} vcze ngj}kvz gzzkjcg}am rc}` }ào Tvk~cmchb awqgl tvk}aj}ckh nkv gll gzza}z cz hac}àv jkz} annaj}c~a hkv g bkkm vcze oghgbaoah} z}vg}abs =2 FCG tvkjazz oqz} }gea ch}k gjjkqh} }`cvm tgv}s vcze =0 Tvcogvs kfiaj}c~a kn gh ah}avtvcza ch CZ vcze oghgbaoah} cz }k tvk}aj} }à mg}g Zav~avz, gttlcjg}ckhz, ngjclc}s, ha}rkvez gva zajkhmgvs Cn }àva cz hk mg}g, }àva cz hk fqzchazz =3 Ràh skq va}cva gh gttlcjg}ckh fajgqza c} `gz vagjàm ahm kn c}z qzanql lcna, mkaz hk} oagh }`g} }à mg}g c} tvkjazzaz z`kqlm glzk fa va}cvam 14 Zsz}ao qzaz qzqglls nkllkr tvkjamqvaz }k qza }à zsz}ao tvktavls ]às gva hk} gjjkqh}gfla nkv vcze 17 Mg}g va}ah}ckh cz bk~avham fs vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z, labgl vawqcvaoah}z, ghm kvbghcyg}ckhgl tklcjcaz 16 Tvc~gjs valg}am chnkvog}ckh (gfkq} chmc~cmqglz# cz ha~av majlgzzcncam Jkhncmah}cgl chnkvog}ckh jgh fa majlgzzcncam k~av }coa 1: Ghs}`chb }`g}–z haamam kv zqttkv}z oczzckh jvc}cjgl tvkjazzaz, }`g} haam oczzckh jvc}cjgl gttlcjg}ckhz, r`cj` gjjazz oczzckh jvc}cjgl mg}g, cz glzk oczzckh jvc}cjgl 1= Ch~ah}kvschb gzza}z cz ~avs cotkv}gh} ncvz} z}at ch vcze oghgbaoah}, fajgqza }`vag}z ghm ~qlhavgfclc}caz gva ztajcncj }k gh gzza} 11 Okha}gvs ~glqa kn g zav~av lkzz cz fgzam kh c}z vatlgjaoah} jkz} Fqzchazz Cotgj} Ghglszcz (FCG# kn g zav~av lkzz cz fgzam kh c}z nchghjcgl ghm hkh/nchghjcgl cotgj} kh fqzchazz tvkjazzaz 1> Ràh mkchb vcze gzzazzoah} kh }à cotgj} kn g zav~av lkzz, 12 Jkhncbqvg}ckh oghgbaoah} `gz g ~avs `cb` tvkfgfclc}s kn ch}vkmqjchb g har zajqvc}s ~qlhavgfclc}s }`vkqb` ocz/jkhncbqvg}ckh ghm malgs ch gttlschb KZ tg}jàz }k tlqb }à ~qlhavgfclc}caz 10 Kha kn }à faz} rgsz }k ma}avocha fqzchazz kfiaj}c~az cz }k fqzchazz tvkjazz z}gea`klmavz 13 Zkoa}coaz, chàvah} vcze cz gjjat}am gz cz cn c} cz rc}`ch }à vcze gtta}c}a kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh


Tgba 76



>4 Faz} ~car kn vcze oghgbaoah} jgh fa ngjclc}g}am fs `g~chb g ch}avmczjctlchgvs }ago zqj` gz C], fqzchazz tvkjazz krhavz, @V, labgl matgv}oah} a}j ]às jgh tvk~cma mcnnavah} gztaj}z kn vcze r`cj` gva hk} tavjac~am fs g zchbla matgv}oah} >7 VKC (va}qvh kh ch~az}oah}z# ghglszcz cz g z}vkhb oa}vcj }k oagzqva zqjjazz kn C] ch~az}oah}z >6 Kha kn }à okz} cotkv}gh} kfiaj}c~a kn vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo cz }k ogch}gch vazcmqgl vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al >: G jkotlcghja kvcah}am FCG (fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz# a~glqg}az tk}ah}cgl cotgj} kn hkh/ jkotlcghja rc}` lgrz, vabqlg}ckhz, ghm }`cvm tgv}s jkh}vgj}z >= G zjahgvckz rc}` }`vag}z ghm }àcv jkvvaztkhmchb cotgj}z àltz ch tavnkvochb wqglc}g}c~a vcze ghglszcz >1 Vcze oghgbaoah} matgv}oah} apajq}az }à vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo C} àltz ch cmah}cnschb, gzzazzchb, ghm vatkv}chb kh vcze ghm vcze vaztkhza @kra~av, c} cz hk} gjjkqh}gfla nkv vcze >> Ch}avhgl ehkrlamba kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh cz cotkv}gh} nkv vcze oghgbaoah} @g~chb g }`cvm tgv}s mk c} fvchbz aptavcahja, fq} hk} ch}avhgl ehkrlamba kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh >2 Kha kn }à tqvtkzaz kn FCG (fqzchazz cotgj} ghglszcz# cz }k tvckvc}cya fqzchazz tvkjazzaz vajk~avs gn}av g mczgz}av C} cz fgzam kh vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~az (V]K# >0 Chàvah} vcze cz }à vcze r`cj` apcz}z fankva ghs jkh}vklz gva gttlcam C} cz }à vcze g} c}z vgraz} nkvo >3 Zkoa}coaz, chàvah} vcze cz gjjat}am gz gh gjjat}gfla vcze cn jkz} kn jkh}vklz cz okva }`gh }à fahanc} mavc~am nvko }`kza jkh}vklz 24 Tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz gva }à faz} jkh}vklz 27 C} cz mghbavkqz }k vaok~a tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz ghm iqz} fa matahmah} kh ma}aj}c~a jkh}vklz 26 Mazcbh ghm cotlaoah}g}ckh kn C] zajqvc}s chnvgz}vqj}qva z`kqlm fa fgzam kh vcze gzzazzoah} 2: Zajqvc}s grgvahazz }vgchchb ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh `gz }à ogpcoqo tgsfgje ch vcze oc}cbg}ckh, fajgqza taktla gva }à fcbbaz} 2= Mg}g va}ah}ckh tklcjs rkqlm fa mcj}g}am fs fqzchazz vawqcvaoah}z ghm vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z 21 Vcze gzzazzoah} tavnkvoam fs C] matgv}oah} rcll HK] vanlaj} ~car kn gh ah}avtvcza ghm c}z fqzchazz tvkjazzaz Vcze cz glrgsz }k }à fqzchazz tvkjazz, hk} C] 2> C] oghgbaoah} cz vaztkhzcfla nkv oghgbchb CZ+C] kh fa`gln kn fqzchazz tvkjazz krhavz fq} }às gva HK] gjjkqh}gfla nkv vcze 22 Tgv} kn vcze oghgbaoah} nkv mg}g va}ah}ckh chjlqmaz jkhzcmavg}ckhz nkv lcna ztgh kn mg}g z}kvgba oamcg C} oqz} apjaam }à va}ah}ckh vawqcvaoah}z kv c}z jkh}ah}z oqz} fa }vghznavvam }k har oamcg ràh c} cz va}cvam 20 Ràh jkhncmah}cgl kv zahzg}a mg}g vagjàz c}z ahm kn lcna ghm haamz }k fa va}cvam, }à z}kvgba oamcg (`gvmrgva# oqz} fa zghc}cyam fankva fachb mcztkzam knn 23 Lkjglls oghgbam zav~av ch g fvghj` knncja cz qzqglls zqfiaj} }k tkkv k~avzcb`} ghm okhc}kvchb, àhja cz g zajqvc}s jkhjavh 04 Chjcmahja `gttahz ràh kha kv okva tva~ah}c~a kv ma}aj}c~a jkh}vklz ngcl Chjcmahja vaztkhza oghgbaoah} cz g jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vkl


Tgba 7:



07 Fkhmchb kn aotlksaaz cz g vcze oc}cbg}ckh z}vg}abs }k tvk}aj} }à kvbghcyg}ckh gbgchz} aotlksaa }àn}, aofayylaoah}, a}j 06 G ncmalc}s fkhm cz g nkvo kn chzqvghja tvk}aj}ckh }`g} jk~avz tklcjs`klmavz nkv lkzzaz }`g} }às chjqv gz g vazql} kn nvgqmqlah} gj}z fs ztajcncam chmc~cmqglz C} qzqglls chzqvaz g fqzchazz nkv lkzzaz jgqzam fs }à mcz`khaz} gj}z kn c}z aotlksaaz 0: Zajqvc}s chnkvog}ckh ghm a~ah} oghgbaoah} (ZCAO# cz g }aj`hcjgl zklq}ckh nkv }aj`hcjgl vczez C} mkaz hk} mcvaj}ls valg}a }k fqzchazz tvkjazz vcze fqzchazz kfiaj}c~az 0= Lgje kn jkh}vklz cz g ~qlhavgfclc}s 01 Vabqlg}kvs jkotlcghja cz kha gztaj} kn vcze oghgbaoah}, ghm hk} }à khls gztaj} 0> Zahckv oghgbaoah} cz gjjkqh}gfla nkv }à vcze gh C] zsz}ao tkzaz }k g jvc}cjgl fqzchazz tvkjazz 02 Grgvahazz cz iqz} ehkrchb Zajqvc}s grgvahazz tvkbvgoz gva okz} zqc}gfla }k oc}cbg}a vcze gvczchb nvko zkjcgl ahbchaavchb g}}gjez C} cz g tva~ah}c~a jkh}vkl 00 ]vgchchb cz }k ogea zkoafkms gh aptav} ghm ehkrlambagfla Zajqvc}s }vgchchb (gz jkotgvam }k grgvahazz# cz haamam nkv chjcmahja vaztkhza oghgbaoah} }ago r`cj` cz g jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vkl 03 G ngql} }vaa ghglszcz vcze gzzazzoah} }aj`hcwqa àltz ch ma}avochchb }`vag}z fs ma}avochchb gll tkzzcfla }`vag} zkqvjaz }`g} jgh cotgj} g fqzchazz tvkjazz 34 Mg}g krhav cz vaztkhzcfla nkv mg}g jlgzzcncjg}ckh 37 Kha kn }à faz} rgsz }k ahzqva }`g} kvbghcyg}ckhgl zajqvc}s cz glcbham rc}` fqzchazz apajq}c~az cz }k mczjqzz c} ch CZ Z}aavchb Jkooc}}aa oaa}chbz 36 Wqglc}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} 9 Vcze ? Lcealc`kkm p Cotgj} 3: Wqgh}c}g}c~a Vcze gzzazzoah}9 GLA ? ZLA p GVK, ràva ZLA ? G^ p AN 3= Fgjebvkqhm jàjez cz kha kn }à faz} rgsz }k ahzqva }`g} tvkztaj}c~a aotlksaaz mk hk} tkza g vcze }k }à kvbghcyg}ckh Vanavahjaz bc~a chnkvog}ckh gfkq} jgtgfclc}caz kn tvkztaj}c~a aotlksaa, hk} vczez gzzkjcg}am rc}` }ào 31 Mg}g qzav cz gllkram gjjazz kn mg}g fgzam kh fqzchazz vawqcvaoah}z Gttvk~gl }k gjjazz }`g} mg}g jkoaz nvko mg}g krhav 3> Cn }à kvbghcyg}ckhgl mg}g tklcjs mkaz hk} mancha mg}g krhavz`ct, c} rcll vazql} ch tkkv ah}c}laoah}, àhja qhgq}`kvcyam qzav gjjazz }k okmcns mg}g, mala}a mg}g, kv jvag}a har mg}g 32 Mg}g krhav krhz }à mg}g Tvkjazz krhav krhz }à tvkjazz G mg}g jgh fa gjjazzam fs oghs tvkjazzaz G tvkjazz ogs gjjazz mg}g krham fs oghs mg}g krhavz C} cz g oghs }k oghs valg}ckhz`ct 30 Faz} rgs }k oghgba vcze cz }k az}gflcz` gjjkqh}gfclc}s 33 Jkh}vklz tlqb ~qlhavgfclc}caz ]às qzqglls mk hk} vamqja g }`vag} fq} }à cotgj} kn g }`vag} 744 Lcealc`kkm ch vcze oghgbaoah} cz vamqjam fs Mcvaj}c~a jkh}vklz ghm tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz 747 Mg}g jqz}kmcgh cz gh C] tavzkh @a+zà cz vaztkhzcfla nkv zgna jqz}kms, zgna }vghztkv}, ghm zgna z}kvgba kn mg}g 746 Cotgj} ch vcze oghgbaoah} cz vamqjam fs ma}aj}c~a ghm jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vklz 74: Vcze oc}cbg}ckh cz mkha fs gmawqg}a mazcbh annaj}c~ahazz ghm ktavg}ckhgl annaj}c~ahazz kn jkh}vklz Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 7=



Ngclqva Okmaz ghm Annaj} Ghglszcz (NOAG# àltz ch nchmchb kq} ap}ahmam cotgj} 74= kn gm~avza a~ah} kh k}àv zsz}aoz ghm ktavg}ckhgl gvagz


Tgba 71



JVCZJ Mkogch 6 (Vcze Vaztkhza# 7 Vcze vaztkhza }k oc}cbg}a vczez cz mkha }k fvchb vcze mkrh }k g la~al r`cj` cz gjjat}gfla }k }à kvbghcyg}ckh 6 Vcze oc}cbg}ckh cz mkha fs jkh}vklz zqj` gz mcvaj}c~a jkh}vklz, tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz, ma}aj}c~a jkh}vklz, jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vklz, jkotahzg}chb jkh}vklz, mazcbh annaj}c~ahazz kn jkh}vklz, ghm ktavg}ckhgl annaj}c~ahazz kn jkh}vklz : Okz} zavckqz jkvvaj}c~a jkh}vkl ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh cz cotlaoah}g}ckh kn fqzchazz jkh}chqc}s tlgh = Vcze oc}cbg}ckh cotlaoah}g}ckh z}vg}abs z`kqlm fa fgzam kh fqzchazz jgza r`cj` chjlqmaz jkz} kn jkh}vklz ~z fahanc} }k }à kvbghcyg}ckh 1 Vazcmqgl vcze cz }à vcze }`g} vaogchz ghm cz HK] oc}cbg}am > Jkz}/fahanc} ghglszcz kn ghs jkh}vkl z`kqlm chjlqma hk} iqz} }à chc}cgl jkz} kn cotlaoah}g}ckh fq} }à ]JK (}k}gl jkz} kn krhavz`ct# r`cj` chjlqmaz JGTAP ghm KTAP k~av }à lcna jsjla kn }à jkh}vkl 2 Ràh g har vabqlg}ckh jkoaz ch}k annaj}, kha z`kqlm hk} vqz` }k cotlaoah} har jkh}vklz }k fa jkotlcgh} G ma}avochg}ckh z`kqlm fa ogma cn }à jqvvah} jkh}vklz gva gmawqg}a }k oaa} }à vabqlg}kvs vawqcvaoah}z Cn hk} bgt ghglszcz z`kqlm fa tavnkvoam, ghm har kv cotvk~am jkh}vklz z`kqlm fa cotlaoah}am 0 Skq z}cll krh }à vcze ràh skq kq}zkqvja g tvkjazz 3 Cn }à jkz} kn jkh}vklz kv jkqh}avoagzqvaz cz okva }`gh }à tk}ah}cgl lkzz kv }à gzza} ~glqa, }àh }à vcze cz qzqglls gjjat}am gz cz 74 Cn }à jkz} kn jkh}vkl cz okva }`gh }à tk}ah}cgl cotgj}, }à vcze C gjjat}am gz cz Khls apjat}ckh cz ràh `qogh lc~az gva g} z}gea ch r`cj` jgza }àva cz hk gjjat}gfla vcze 77 Zkoa}coaz, g fqzchazz qhc} ogs rgh} }k cotlaoah} g }aj`hcjgl zklq}ckh nkv fqzchazz vagzkhz r`cj` gva gbgchz} }à kvbghcyg}ckh–z zajqvc}s tklcjs Faz} rgs }k `ghmla }`cz cz }k tavnkvo vcze gzzazzoah} ghm ma}avocha cn jkh}vklz rcll fvchb }à vcze mkrh }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al Cn zk, g tklcjs apjat}ckh jgh fa ogma 76 Vcze krhavz ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh oqz} fa jlagvls mancham ghm }`g} }às qhmavz}ghm }àcv vaztkhzcfclc}caz Ql}cog}a vcze krhavz gva fkgvm oaofavz 7: Jkh}vkl krhavz ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh oqz} fa jlagvls mancham ghm }às z`kqlm qhmavz}ghm }àcv vklaz G jkh}vkl krhav ogs krh oghs jkh}vklz 7= Vcze vamqj}ckh }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al matahmz qtkh kvbghcyg}ckhgl vawqcvaoah}z ghm hk} C] vawqcvaoah}z kv zajqvc}s vawqcvaoah}z A~ah ràh skq cotlaoah} g blkfgl zajqvc}s z}ghmgvm zqj` gz CZK 62447, vcze oc}cbg}ckh }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al cz HK] ma}avocham fs }à z}ghmgvm, fq} fs }à kvbghcyg}ckhgl vawqcvaoah}z 71 Nchghjcgl cotgj} kn gh C] vcze jgh fa oc}cbg}am fs chzqvchb gbgchz} }à vcze Vaoaofav }`g} chzqvghja cz gbgchz} g jgqza, fq} jkotahzg}ckh cz gbgchz} }à cotgj} 7> Annaj}c~ahazz kn vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo ch gh ah}avtvcza cz ah`ghjam ràh zqttkv} ghm gjjat}ghja jkoaz nvko a~avs tgv} kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 7>



72 Ghs vcze }`g} `gz lkr lcealc`kkm fq} ~avs `cb` cotgj} (ng} }gcl# cz g jghmcmg}a nkv vcze }vghznav Gh apgotla kn }`cz cz hg}qvgl mczgz}avz lcea agv}`wqgea, }zqhgoc, `qvvcjgha a}j Ch vaglc}s, }à kvbghcyg}ckh chmaohcncaz gbgchz} }à cotgj} kn vaglcyam vcze, ghm hk} vaglls }vghznav }à vcze 70 ]vghznavvam vcze cz }à vcze }`g} cz gzzqoam fs g }`cvm tgv}s 73 Vcze gjjat}ghja jkqlm fa gh gl}avhg}c~a nkv }à vcze vaztkhza tvkjazz 64 Jkh}vkl vcze cz oghgbaoah}/jah}vcj C} cz g vcze }`g} jkh}vklz ogs hk} tva~ah} kv ma}aj} g vcze r`cla oghgbaoah} falca~az ch }àcv annaj}c~ahazz 67 Vcze vabcz}av cz jvag}am mqvchb }à vcze cmah}cncjg}ckh tvkjazz ghm chjlqmaz cmah}cncam vczez Vcze okhc}kvchb ghm jkh}vklz chjlqma cmah}cncjg}ckh kn har vczez ghm vagzzazzoah} kn klm vczez 66 Vcze gzzazzoah}, vcze gqmc}z, ghm vcze va~carz z`kqlm fa glcbham rc}` vcze vabcz}av }k }vcbbav qtmg}az kn }à vabcz}av 6: Ràh g vcze cz iqz}cncam fs }à fahanc}, tklcjs apjat}ckh cz iqz}cncam Jgq}ckh oqz} fa apavjczam ghm fk}` }ghbcfla ghm ch}ghbcfla vczez oqz} fa gzzazzam ch }`cz jgza


Tgba 72



JVCZJ Mkogch : (Vcze Okhc}kvchb# 7 Tva~ckqzls gjjat}am vcze z`kqlm fa vagzzazzam g} vabqlgv ch}av~glz fajgqza vcze jgh fajkoa qhgjjat}gfla fajgqza }`vag}z, ~qlhavgfclc}caz, jkh}vkl annaj}c~ahazz jgh gll j`ghba 6 Cn gh ah}avtvcza `gz lagvham nvko }à }vgma tvazz }`g} zajqvc}s fvagj` `gz }geah tlgja g} g jkota}c}kvz kvbghcyg}ckh r`cj` qzaz zcoclgv kv zgoa }aj`hklkbs gz }à ah}avtvcza, hap} faz} z}at cz }k ma}avocha lcealc`kkm kn }`g} `gttahchb g} skqv kvbghcyg}ckh nvko }à zgoa jgqza Skqv jkh}vklz ogs fa zqj` }`g} lcealc`kkm jgh fa okva kv lazz }`gh g} jkota}c}kv–z kvbghcyg}ckh : Ghs }sta kn vcze, chjlqmchb vabqlg}kvs jkotlcghja vcze, z`kqlm fa tgv} kn vcze vabcz}av ]àvankva, vcze vabcz}av fgzam vcze oc}cbg}ckh cz faz} gjjkotlczàm nkv jkotlcghja vcze = G ~avs cotkv}gh} gztaj} kn vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo cz fqcl} ch tvkjazz }k ma}aj} har vczez 1 Hk} vatkv}chb gh g}}gje kh kvbghcyg}ckh–z ha}rkve }k }à ch}avhgl z}gea`klmavz cz g og}}av kn jkhjavh, fajgqza khls }à ch}avhgl z}gea`klmavz ehkr `kr c} jkqlm `g~a gnnaj}am }àcv fqzchazz tvkjazz @cmchb mkaz hk} oc}cbg}a vcze, }vghztgvahjs mkaz > Gqmc} vatkv} bc~az }à z}g}qz kn vcze g} g tgv}cjqlgv tkch} ch }coa C} cz HK] g zqfz}c}q}a nkv vcze gzzazzoah}, vcze oc}cbg}ckh, kv vcze okhc}kvchb tvkjazzaz 2 Oczjkhncbqvg}ckh ghm hk} eaatchb qt rc}` qtmg}az gva jkookh jgqzaz kn ha}rkve ~qlhavgfclc}caz Ha}rkve ~qlhavgfclc}s gzzazzoah} cz qzam }k cmah}cns }àza ragehazzaz 0 Okh}a Jgvlk zcoqlg}ckh cz fgzam kh ma}avochcz}cj zcoqlg}ckh okmal ghm jkofchaz wqglc}g}c~a ghm wqgh}c}g}c~a }aj`hcwqaz 3 Fs manchc}ckh, ch}avhgl gqmc} cz g ma}aj}c~a jkh}vkl 74 Fqzchazz vcze jgh j`ghba, fajgqza C] vcze jgh j`ghba, fajgqza }`vag}z ghm ~qlhavgfclc}caz jgh j`ghba ]àvankva mkchb tavckmcj vcze gzzazzoah}z cz ~avs cotkv}gh} 77 Ap}avhgl gqmc} vatkv}z gva okva valcgfla }`gh ch}avhgl gqmc} vatkv}z fajgqza ap}avhgl gqmc}kvz gva lazz zqfiaj} }k lkzz kn kfiaj}c~c}s kv chmatahmahja 76 Gjjat}am vazcmqgl vcze z`kqlm fa okhc}kvam nkv ghs j`ghbaz r`cj` ocb`} vawqcva vajkhzcmavg}ckh kn majczckhz 7: Vcze okhc}kvchb cz glrgsz nkllkram fs vcze vatkv}chb 7= Yavk mgs ha}rkve g}}gjez `gttah ràh skq mk hk} `g~a g}}gje zcbhg}qvaz ch skqv jkh}vklz (Ncvargllz, HCMZ, @CMZ a}j# ]às jgh khls fa ma}aj}am fs ghkogls fgzam CMZ 71 Ma~alktchb vcze okhc}kvchb tvkbvgoz vawqcvaz gh kvbghcyg}ckh }k fa ngcvls og}qva ch vcze oghgbaoah} tvkjazzaz, zchja c} ch~kl~az tgv}cjctg}ckh fs oghs gvagz ]àvankva, ncvz} z}at ch ma~alktchb okhc}kvchb tvkbvgo cz }k mk gh ch}avhgl jgtgfclc}s gzzazzoah} r`cj` rcll àlt ma}avocha vcze j`gotckhz, vcze+jkh}vkl krhavz, jkh}vcfq}kvz, ghm fgvvcavz 7> Okhc}kvchb cz HK] g ~avs og}qva mczjctlcha ràva EVCz gva rall ehkrh ch }à chmqz}vs Faz} rgs }k ehkr cn skq gva nkllkrchb lagmchb tvgj}cjaz kn }à chmqz}vs cz }k fa tgv} kn g jkhzkv}cqo ghm glzk }k `g~a gh chmatahmah} fahjògve kn EVC jgtgfclc}caz 72 Vcze jghhk} ha~av fa yavk Vcze jgh ha~av fa alcochg}am 70 Vazcmqgl vcze jgh HAÂV fa gjjat}am tavoghah}ls Zchja vcze jgh j`ghba ghm jkh}vkl annaj}c~ahazz jgh j`ghba, àhja vazcmqgl vcze jgh j`ghba Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 70



73 Ch mazcbhchb EVCz, z}vazz z`kqlm fa kh chmcjg}kvz kn eas vczez, ghm hk} eas vcze/chmcjg}kvz 64 Okhc}kvchb zahzaz j`ghbaz ch vczez C} cz g jkookhls qzam }aj`hcwqa }k ma}aj} nvgqmz khja jkh}vklz `g~a faah cotlaoah}am 67 Tvkfgfclcz}cj vcze gzzazzoah}z qza og}àog}cjgl okmalz qzchb wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} tvchjctlaz, fq} wqglc}g}c~a okmalz gttvkgj` }k gzzazz vcze 66 Bg}àvchb fgzalcha mg}g kh vcze chmcjg}kvz cz cotkv}gh} zchja chmcjg}kv ~glqaz `g~a }k fa jkotgvam valg}c~a }k zqj` fgzalchaz 6: Zqjjazznql vcze oghgbaoah} tvkbvgo vamqjaz vazcmqgl vcze }k gh gjjat}gfla la~al 6= Kvbghcyg}ckhz hk} tvkzajq}chb tavta}vg}kvz kn ch}avhgl kv ap}avhgl nvgqm cz mqa }k nagv kn lkzz kn fqzchazz mqa }k vatq}g}ckhgl lkzz 61 Vamqjchb vcze falkr gjjat}gfla la~al oaghz skq gva k~avtvk}aj}chb r`cj` cz hk} jkz} annaj}c~a Vamqjchb vcze gfk~a gjjat}gfla la~al oaghz skq gva qhmav tvk}aj}chb r`cj` kf~ckqzls cz hk} bkkm nvko VO tavztaj}c~a 6> Chàvah} vcze cz tgv} kn }sta kn fqzchazz C} jgh fa oagzqvam fq} hk} fa alcochg}am 62 Oghs nchghjcgl zav~cjaz kvbghcyg}ckhz zkoa}coaz mk hk} vatkv} ha}rkve g}}gjez kv ch}vqzckhz }k }à lgr ahnkvjaoah} mqa }k nagv kn vatq}g}ckhgl mgogba 60 Tvc~gjs lgrz ch oghs jkqh}vcaz tvk`cfc} jvkzz/fkvmav nlkr kn TCC (tavzkhglls cmah}cncgfla chnkvog}ckh# kv T@C (tavzkhgl àgl}` chnkvog}ckh# ]`qz tvkjazzchb kn zqj` chnkvog}ckh kh vaok}a tvkjazzkvz+z}kvgba ma~cjaz rkqlm hk} fa tavoc}}am 63 JOOC (jgtgfclc}s og}qvc}s okmal ch}abvg}am# ma}avochaz }à og}qvc}s la~al kn g tvkjazz (C] vcze oghgbaoah} oghgbaoah} tvkjazz ch kqv jgza# C} tvk~cmaz kvbghcyg}ckh–z ktavg}ckhgl vagmchazz ghm annaj}c~ahazz :4 JOOC `gz 1 z}gbaz9 Chc}cgl, Vatag}gfla, Mancham, Oghgbam, Kt}cocyam :7 @koa jkotq}avz, cn jkhhaj}am }k jkvtkvg}a ha}rkve, jghhk} fa okhc}kvam nkv zajqvc}s tklcjs jkotlcghja ]àvankva, }às gva g ogikv jkhjavh nkv ha}rkve ghm zsz}ao zajqvc}s :6 CZK 62441 cz g blkfgl z}ghmgvm gzzkjcg}am rc}` C]+CZ vcze oghgbaoah} :: Zkoa kn }à ogikv czzqaz nkv AQJ (ahm qzav jkotq}chb# gttlcjg}ckhz cz }`g} }às mk hk} `g~a tvktav mkjqoah}g}ckh, }às `g~a hk} faah }az}am }`kvkqb`ls, ghm }às gva hk} zqfiaj}am }k vcbkvkqz C] bahavgl jkh}vklz := Ztvagmzàa}z gva ~avs jkookhls qzam }kklz fs apajq}c~az nkv majczckh ogechb ]àcv fgjeqt+vajk~avs oqz} fa jkhzcmavam tgv} kn fqzchazz jkh}chqc}s ghm mczgz}av vajk~avs tlgh :1 Wqglc}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} ch~kl~az ch}av~carchb chmc~cmqglz ghm qzchb Malt`c oa}`km :> Ch Malt`c oa}`km, aotlksaaz gva hk} zqfiaj} }k oghgbaoah}–z tvazzqva, àhja gva okva }vqa vatvazah}g}ckhz kn aotlksaaz tavjat}ckhz :2 %


Tgba 73



JVCZJ Mkogch = (CZ Jkh}vkl Mazcbh ghm Cotlaoah}g}ckh# 7 Ch g blkfgl kvbghcyg}ckh, c} cz mcnncjql} }k `g~a g vcze oghgbaoah} tklcjs kv z}ghmgvm(z# r`cj` jkhnkvo }k gll bakbvgt`cjgl lkjg}ckhz Faz} rgs }k mk }`cz cz }k `g~a g tklcjs+z}ghmgvm r`cj` az}gflczàm fgzalcha nkv gll lkjg}ckhz ghm }àh `g~a gh gmmahmqo nkv agj` lkjg}ckh r`cj` gmmz jkhzcmavg}ckhz nkv lkjgl vawqcvaoah}z 6 Ha}rkve gmmvazz }vghzlg}ckh (HG]# àltz ch `g~chb ch}avhgl gmmvazzaz (z}gv}chb rc}` 74, 726, ghm 736# r`cj` gva hkh/vkq}gfla C} cz g tva~ah}c~a jkh}vkl }k g~av} zajqvc}s g}}gjez : FCG ghm hk} VG cz qzam }k ma}avocha vajk~avs }coa kfiaj}c~az (V]Kz# nkv mcnnavah} fqzchazz tvkjazzaz = FCG cz tavnkvoam fs fqzchazz tvkjazz krhavz kv fqzchazz qhc} oghgbavz 1 Okz} cotkv}gh} jkhzcmavg}ckh ràh mazcbhchb CZ jkh}vklz cz }`g} }às tvkok}a fqzchazz kfiaj}c~az, r`cj` nqv}àv matahm qtkh gmmvazzchb ghm oaa}chb z}gea`klmav vawqcvaoah}z > V]Kz valg}a }k nchghjcgl ghm hkh/nchghjcgl cotgj} kn fvkeah fqzchazz tvkjazzaz mqa }k g mczgz}av 2 Zajqvchb ghm ghglsychb zsz}ao lkbz cz g ma}aj}c~a jkh}vkl 0 Gq}àh}cjg}ckh zav~av z`kqlm fa ch }à ch}avhgl ha}rkve, hk} ch }à MOY, fajgqza c}z jkotvkocza jkqlm fa zavckqz 3 Ghs ch~az}oah} ch vcze oghgbaoah} }aj`hklkbcaz z`kqlm fa fgzam kh ma~alktchb g zkqhm fqzchazz jgza ghm tvchjctlaz kn ~glqa malc~avs ]àvankva ~glqa ghglszcz cz cotkv}gh} ch ogechb }`g} majczckh 74 Bgt ghglszcz cz qzam }k ma}avocha mcnnavahjaz fa}raah jqvvah} z}g}a kn vcze oghgbaoah} ghm mazcvgfla z}g}a kn vcze oghgbaoah} 77 Faz} jkh}vkl }k zajqva mg}g kh g okfcla ma~cja (TMG, nlgz` mvc~a, lgt}kt# cz mg}g ahjvst}ckh C} cz hk} }à ma~cja–z lkzz }`g} cz kn jkhjavh fq} }à ~glqa kn mg}g }`g} jkqlm fa z}klah 76 Mg}g krhav cz vaztkhzcfla nkv chnkvog}ckh jlgzzcncjg}ckh kn `cz+àv mg}g C} cz fgzam kh mg}g jlgzzcncjg}ckh tklcjs kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh 7: Mg}g lagegba cz qzqglls mqa }k }à cbhkvghja kn ahm qzavz Gh “gjjat}gfla qza tklcjs‟ oqz} fa ch tlgja r`cj` cz gttlcjgfla }k a~avsfkms ch }à kvbghcyg}ckh r`kza jkotlcghja rkqlm oc}cbg}a vczez nvko mg}g lagegba ghm qhgq}`kvcyam mczjlkzqva 7= Qzqglls, manahza/ch/mat}` cz nkv ap}avhgl }`vag}z 71 Zajqvc}s oghgbav (kv zajqvc}s gmochcz}vg}kv# cz vaztkhzcfla nkv cotlaoah}chb zajqvc}s tvk}aj}ckh kn mg}g (gjjazz jkh}vklz, ahjvst}ckh a}j# gz ztajcncam fs mg}g krhav 7> Cn fckoa}vcj/fgzam gq}àh}cjg}ckh cz qzam nkv gjjazzchb g ~avs zahzc}c~a ngjclc}s, NVV (}sta C avvkv# z`kqlm fa za} `cb` @cb` NVV gq}kog}cjglls jvag}az lkr NGV (}sta CC avvkv# 72 VFGJ (vkla/fgzam gjjazz jkh}vkl# mc~cmaz }à ah}cva kvbghcyg}ckh gjjkvmchb }k }àcv fqzchazz vklaz, ghm gjjazz }k chnkvog}ckh cz tvk~cmam fgzam kh }àcv vklaz ]`cz oc}cbg}az vczez }k jkhncmah}cgl chnkvog}ckh gvczchb nvko “chzcmav }`vag}z‟ 70 Ch kvmav }k z`calm }à ch}avhgl ha}rkve (ch}vgha}# kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh, ogcl valgs z`kqlm fa tlgjam ch }à MOY Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 64



73 Mcbc}gl zcbhg}qvaz (}`vkqb` TEC# tvk~cma oazzgba ch}abvc}s, gq}àh}cjc}s kn }à zahmav, ghm hkh/vatqmcg}ckh fq} hk} jkhncmah}cglc}s 64 MFG r`k rkvez ch }à }aj`hklkbs bvkqt cz }à mg}g jqz}kmcgh, fq} MFG mkaz hk} jlgzzcns }à mg}g ma}avocha ah}c}laoah}z C} cz }à mg}g krhav r`k mkaz c} 67 @gz`chb (geg oazzgba mcbaz}# jgh tvk~cma oazzgba ch}abvc}s 66 Oazzgba gq}àh}cjg}ckh jkmaz (OGJ# tvk~cma ch}abvc}s kn oazzgba 6: Gqmc} }vgclz gva ma}aj}c~a jkh}vklz Skq nchm kq} r`g} `gttaham gn}av }à ngj} 6= Ncvargllz ghm vkq}avz mk hk} }aj`hcjglls vazcma ch }à MOY, fq} kh }à tavctàvs 61 Mg}g `gz }`vaa t`gzaz9 ac}àv c} vaz}z kh g z}kvgba ma~cja, kv c} cz fachb }vghzoc}}am kv c} cz fachb tvkjazzam Ch ac}àv kn }àza }`vaa z}gbaz, c} oqz} fa ahzqvam }`g} tvc~gjs/valg}am chnkvog}ckh cz tvk}aj}am nvko qhgq}`kvcyam gjjazz 6> J`ghba jkh}vkl oqz} fa glcbham rc}` mg}g tvc~gjs C} oqz} fa ahzqvam }`g} g j`ghba mkaz hk} jkotvkocza mg}g tvc~gjs 62 Kha kn }à faz} tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz }k ahzqva }`g} jkh}chbah} rkveavz (jkh}vgj} tvkbvgooavz+jkhzql}gh}z# nkllkr kvbghcyg}ckh–z zajqvc}s tklcjcaz cz tavnkvo tavckmcj zjàmqlam zajqvc}s va~carz kn jkh}chbah} rkveavz Ghk}àv cotkv}gh} tva~ah}c~a jkh}vkl cz }k tvk~cma zajqvc}s grgvahazz }vgchchb }k }à jkh}vgj}kvz gz skq mk nkv }à aotlksaaz 60 Zsz}ao gjjazz nkv jkh}vgj}kvz ghm }aotkvgvs rkveavz zkoa}coaz jkh}chqaz a~ah gn}av }às `g~a lan} }à kvbghcyg}ckh C} cz fajgqza }às gva hk} ch }à @V zsz}ao kn }à kvbghcyg}ckh Faz} jkh}vkl nkv }`cz vcze cz }k `g~a tvama}avocham gq}kog}cj aptcvg}ckhz kn lkbch CMz nkv }ào 63 Faz} fckoa}vcjz/fgzam gq}àh}cjg}ckh zsz}aoz gva }à khaz }`g} `g~a lkraz} tkzzcfla AAV kv JAV :4 Tkrav/kh tgzzrkvmz mk hk} tvk}aj} mg}g kh g okfcla ma~cja, fajgqza }às jgh fa jkotvkoczam Faz} tvk}aj} nkv okfcla ma~cjaz cz ahjvst}ckh :7 âvs jkotlap zajqvc}s matlksoah}z jgh faz} fa annaj}c~als oghgbam fs cotlaoah}chb g zajqvc}s gvj`c}aj}qva :6 Wqgh}c}g}c~a vcze gzzazzoah} chjlqmaz lcealc`kkm ghm cotgj}


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JVCZJ Mkogch 1 (CZ Jkh}vkl Okhc}kvchb ghm Ogch}ahghja# 7 Qhgq}`kvcyam j`ghbaz }k tvkmqj}ckh zsz}ao jgh fa ma}avocham }`vkqb` jkotlcghja }az}chb kn j`ghba oghgbaoah} tvkjazz 6 Fgjemkkv gva `cmmah gjjkqh}z ch gh gttlcjg}ckh ghm gva ~cklg}ckh kn zajqvc}s tklcjs : G jlagvls z}g}am manchc}ckh kn zjkta oqz} fa az}gflczàm fankva `g~chb g ~ahmkv jkhmqj} g taha}vg}ckh }az} = @khastk}z gva majks qzam }k gllqva g `gjeav ch }à MOY ch}k g}}gjechb }à majks vg}àv }`gh tvkmqj}ckh zsz}ao Kha jgh okhc}kv `gjeav–z gj}c~c}caz fajgqza `gjeav falca~az }`g} à+zà cz g}}gjechb g vagl tvkmqj}ckh zsz}ao 1 Cn }à jkh}vkl tvkjazz rkvez gz ch}ahmam, c} cz gh annaj}c~a jkh}vkl > Gh gqmc}kv rcll jàje g zgotla kn zav~avz }k ma}avocha cn jvc}cjgl tvkmqj}ckh zav~avz gva qzchb qt/}k/mg}a gh}c ~cvqz zcbhg}qvaz 2 Khls }à zahckv oghgbaoah} z`kqlm ehkr gfkq} }à ~ahmkv jkhmqj}am taha}vg}ckh }az} C] z}gnn z`kqlm hk} ehkr gfkq} c}z tlgh Cn C] z}gnn mkaz hk} ma}aj} g zqjjazznql taha}vg}ckh, c} cz g og}}av kn jkhjavh 0 Gq}kog}am jkma jkotgvczkh cz kha kn }à afz} }aj`hcwqaz }k ma}avocha cn qhgq}`kvcyam tvkbvgo j`ghbaz `g~a }geah tlgja zchja lgz} tvkbvgo qtmg}a 3 Tva~ah}c~a jkh}vklz gva }à okz} cotkv}gh} jkh}vklz nkv vcze oghgbaoah} Tva~ah}ckh cz fa}}av }`gh jqva 74 Zjvaaham zqfha}z (geg MOY# zc} fa}raah }à qh/}vqz}am ap}avhgl ha}rkve (ab Ch}avha}# ghm ch}avhgl }vqz}am ha}rkve (ab Ch}vgha}# 77 Qhgq}`kvcyam j`ghbaz ogma }k g tvkmqj}ckh tvkbvgoz cz g ~avs zavckqz vcze C} cz ngclqva kn j`ghba oghgbaoah} tvkjazz jkh}vkl 76 Kha kn }à nkkltvkkn rgs }k ma}aj} tvkbvgo j`ghbaz }k tvkmqj}ckh tvkbvgo cz }k }gea `gz` kn agj` apajq}gfla vabqlgvls, ghm nchm j`ghbam `gzàz kn tvkbvgoz nkv j`ghba oghgbaoah} jkotlcghja 7: Jkh}chqkqz okhc}kvchb cz aptahzc~a ghm cz oghgbaoah}–z vaztkhzcfclc}s C} cz matlksam ràva }à vcze cz `cb` ab oaghz lcealc`kkm ghm cotgj} cz `cb` 7= Jkh}chbahjs tlghhchb cz qzam ràva lcealc`kkm kn chjcmahja cz lkr fq} cotgj} cz `cb` 71 Valcgfclc}s kn jkh}vklz mkaz hk} chmcjg}a }`g} }às gva annaj}c~a 7> JOOC àltz skq ma}avocha }à og}qvc}s la~al kn g TVKJAZZ kh g zjgla kn 4 }k 1 C} àltz skq }k oagzqva }à apcz}chb z}g}a ghm }`qz ma}avocha `kr jlkza skq gva }k }à mazcvam z}g}a 72 Zqfz}gh}c~a }az}chb ch~kl~az z}g}cz}cjgl zgotlchb kn }à tktqlg}ckh g} jav}gch jkhncmahja la~al ghm }àh }az}chb }à zgotla 70 Ch mczgz}av vajk~avs, c} cz ~avs cotkv}gh} }`g} mg}g cz g~gclgfla kh }à fgjeqt oamcg (ab }gtaz# ràh vawqcvam Faz} rgs }k ma}avocha c} cz }`vkqb` zqfz}gh}c~a }az}chb r`cj` rcll ch~kl~a lcfvgvs ch~ah}kvs vajkvmz z}g}cz}cjgl zgotlchb jkotgvam rc}` t`szcjgl jkqh}chb ghm ~avcncjg}ckh kn }`kza zgotla }gtaz 73 Tavckmcj gqmc}chb cz }à faz} rgs }k ahzqva }`g} kq}zkqvjam zav~cja tvk~cmav cz jkotlschb rc}` kvbghcyg}ckh–z zajqvc}s tklcjcaz Cn }à gqmc}chb cz hk} nagzcfla (fajgqza ~ahmkv cz Jktsvcb`} fs Igs Vghgma, Aogcl9 igsvghg igsvghgmaDgkljko maDgkljko,, âvzckh =, Gll Mkogchz

Tgba 66



zav~cjchb oghs jlcah}z#, faz} rgs }k ba} gzzqvghja cz }`vkqb` g chmatahmah} gqmc} ncvo Zqj` gzzqvghja jgh fa ZKJ7, ZKJ6, ZKJ: }`vkqb` z}ghmgvmz zqj` gz CZGA 7> kv CZGA :=46 64 Vcze oghgbaoah} gqmc} vatkv}z bc~a skq z}g}a kn vcze gzzqvghja g} }à }coa kn gqmc} khls Vcze jgh ~gvs zcbhcncjgh}ls fa}raah gqmc}z 67 Ràh g har zkn}rgva ~avzckh cz valagzam, chnkvog}ckh zajqvc}s tvkjamqvaz z`kqlm fa jkhzcmavam nkv qtmg}az Vaoaofav }`g} g tvkjamqva cz g `kr/}k/mk mkjqoah} 66 Okz} qzanql oa}vcj cz }à kha ràva g jkotla}a nkllkr/}`vkqb` }geaz tlgja 6: Cn skq ma}aj} zavckqz ~qlhavgfclc}s ch g fqzchazz jvc}cjgl raf zav~av (r`cj` qzqglls cz ch MOY#, ncvz} gj}ckh z`kqlm fa }k chnkvo zsz}ao krhavz Zsz}ao krhav tvkfgfls rcll jkh}gj} ma~alktoah} }ago }k tlqb ~qlhavgfclc}s 6= Zajqvc}s bk~avhghja cz gmmvazzam }`vkqb` zajqvc}s tklcjs, hk} z}ghmgvmz kv tvkjamqvaz 61 Gn}av ogikv chnvgz}vqj}qva j`ghbaz `g~a faah cotlaoah}am, c} cz tvqmah} }k tavnkvo g taha}vg}ckh }az} 6> G zajqvc}s z}ghmgvm zqj` gz tlg}nkvo fgzalchaz manchaz fa`g~ckvgl lcoc}z 62 FZJ (fglghjam zjkva jgvm# àltz skq oagzqva }à zqjjazz kn gh gvag kn kvbghcyg}ckh }`g} mkaz hk} tvkmqja va~ahqa ab C], zajqvc}s, vcze oghgbaoah} a}j 60 Faz} rgs }k ahzqva }`g} ha}rkve cz zajqva gbgchz} AP]AVHGL g}}gjez }k tavnkvo tavckmcj taha}vg}ckh }az}chb }k ahzqva tavcoa}av zajqvc}s cz gmawqg}a 63 Fgjemkkvz lan} ch gh gttlcjg}ckh jgh faz} fa ma}avocham fs r`c}a fkp }az}chb r`cj` ch~kl~az va~car kn }à jkma c}zaln :4 Ch g zajqvc}s grgvahazz tvkbvgo, skq jgh ahzqva tvazahja kn }à tavzkh, fq} hk} jkotvaàhzckh Skq oqz} mk wqgh}c}g}c~a a~glqg}ckh }k oagzqva jkotvaàhzckh kn chmc~cmqgl :7 Cooamcg}a naamfgje kn }à zqjjazz kn zajqvc}s grgvahazz tvkbvgo vazql}z ch zqmmah chjvagza ch hqofav kn vatkv}am zajqvc}s chjcmah}z :6 Ah}avtvcza Zajqvc}s Gvj`c}aj}qva (ab ZGFZG# kq}lchaz }à zajqvc}s gvj`c}aj}qva ch }avoz kn fqzchazz z}vg}abs, fqzchazz kfiaj}c~az, fqzchazz vcze, jkhz}vgch}z, ahgflavz, ghm valg}ckhz`ctz, ghm tvk~cmaz fqzchazz/mvc~ah ghm fqzchazz nkjqzam gvj`c}aj}qva :: Va~avza ahbchaavchb g tvkbvgo ch~kl~az jvag}chb gzzaofls lghbqgba chz}vqj}ckhz nvko apajq}gfla ogj`cha jkma fs vqhhchb apajq}gfla }`vkqb` g mcz/gzzaoflav := ]k oagzqva }à og}qvc}s la~al kn vcze ch gh kvbghcyg}ckh, kha kn }à okz} cotkv}gh} gztaj} }k ehkr cz r`cj` oa}`kmklkbs rkqlm fa qzam }k oagzqva c}


Tgba 6:

Ranade CRISC Axioms v. 4 April-1-2012Watermark-Unprotected

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