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IM@I[TYM7 I^-IKO/4><4
‖Xbk prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t prmikss hktkroc`ks wbktbkr l imopl`y survcvks mr
elcfs c` imopktctcvk olrjkts dkilusk l prmhuit fcek cs ak`krlffy hktkroc`kh dy cts olrjkt sblrk (Eca. <). C` mrhkr tm k`surk sustlc`ldfk imopktctcvk`kss, c``mvltcvk keemrts tm hkvkfmp `kw prmhuits oust emius m` sudstctutc`a kxcstc`a prmhuits mr k`tkrc`a `kw olrjkts. Ls `kw prmhuits oust dk c`trmhuikh tm tbk olrjkt pkrcmhcilffy, tbk hkvkfmpok`t prmikss cs l irctcilf strltkaci cssuk lt dusc`kss fkvkf dkilusk tbk prmhuit fcek-iyifk cs dkimoc`a sbmrtkr (Jco, 4>>9l, d). Bmwkvkr, ldmut 2>% me `kw prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t (@^H) keemrts blvk elcfkh dkemrk prmgkit imopfktcm` l`h omrk tbl` ;>% me tbk keemrts blvk olhk `m rktur`s m` tbk c`vkstok`t me om`ky l`h tcok (Immpkr, 4>>9) . C` mtbkr wmrhs, tbk prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t prmikss emr `kw prmhuits cs l imopfkx l`h hceeciuft dusc`kss hkicscm`-oljc`a prmikss dkilusk me tbk bcab ilpctlf c`vkstok`t rkqucrkh l`h kxpmsurk tm fmw suiikss prmdldcfcty. Xbk irctcilf kxpfl`ltcm`s emr tbk hceeciufty me tbk prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t prmikss lrk u`kxpkitkh rcsjs l`h tbkcr coplit, l`h tbk c`ldcfcty me tbk ecro tm hkek`h lalc`st tbmsk rcsjs keekitcvkfy l`h keecick`tfy. ‖M prmikssm hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmhutms hktkroc`l sk uol
koprksl smdrkvcvk mu `ém ko okrilhms imopktctcvms, pmcs l vchl ÷tcf hk uo prmhutm ã akrlfok`tk hktkroc`lhl pmr sul plrtcicpláém `m okrilhm (Ecaurl <). L eco hk lsskaurlr l imopktctcvchlhk sustk`tìvkf, ms ksemráms c`mvlhmrks plrl hksk`vmfvkr `mvms prmhutms hkvko sk im`ik`trlr `l sudstctucáém hk prmhutms kxcstk`tks mu `l k`trlhl ko `mvms okrilhms. Imom ms `mvms prmhutms hkvko skr c`trmhuzchms `m okrilhm pkrcmhcilok`tk, m prmikssm hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm ã uol qukstém irctcilok`tk kstrltãacil lm `ïvkf hk `kaùicm, pmcs m icifm hk vchl hms prmhutms kstì sk tmr`l`hm olcs iurtm (Jco, 4>>9l, d). @m k`tl`tm, ikril hk 2>% hms ksemráms hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk `mvms prmhutms (@^H) elfblrlo l`tks hl im`ifusém hm prmgktm k olcs hk ;>% hms ksemráms `ém hkrlo rktmr`m smdrk m c`vkstcok`tm hk hc`bkcrm k tkopm (Immpkr, 4>>9). Ko mutrls plflvrls, m prmikssm hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmhutms plrl `mvms prmhutms ã uo prmikssm imopfkxm k hceïicf hk tmolhl hk hkicsûks pmr ilusl hm lftm c`vkstcok`tm hk ilpctlf rkqukrchm k kxpmscáém l dlcxl prmdldcfchlhk hk suikssm. Ls kxpfciláûks irïtcils plrl l hceciufhlhk hm prmikssm hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmhutms sém ms rcsims c`kspkrlhms k sku coplitm, k l
c`ilplichlhk hl koprksl hk sk hkek`hkr im`trl kssks rcsims hk emrol kecilz k kecick`tk.
Xbcs plpkr suaaksts l `kw systkoltci rcsj ol`lakok`t erlokwmrj (TOE), ls sbmw` c` Eca. 4. TOE hktkroc`ks rcsj hkarkks emr rcsj elitmrs l`h tmtlf rcsj hkarkks me tbk prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t prmgkit, l`h sbmws keekitcvk l`h keecick`t rkspm`hc`a litcvctcks. Kspkiclffy, TOE suaaksts l rcsj l`lfyscs omhkf u`hkr l im`iurrk`t k`ac`kkrc`a (IK) k`vcrm`ok`t. IK cs l` lpprmlib tm fc`j lff eu`itcm`lf lrkls suib ls ol`ueliturc`a, ec`l`ic`a l`h olrjktc`a wctb tbk hksca` prmikss (Ylvci l`h Jlycs, 4>>5). Xbkrk cs l ouftchcrkitcm`lf kxibl`ak me c`emroltcm` lom`a lff eu`itcm`lf lrkls emr dkttkr, klsckr, l`h omrk kim`mocilf prmhuit hkvkfmpok`t. Xbkrkemrk, kctbkr l bcab hkarkk me imffldmrltcm` mr l bcab im`iurrk`iy fkvkf (IF) cs hkscrldfk tm im`struit tbk IK k`vcrm`ok`t.‟ Kstk trldlfbm suakrk uol `mvl kstruturl hk akrk`iclok`tm hk rcsim scstkoìtcim (TOE), im`emrok omstrlhm `l Ecaurl 4. M TOE hktkroc`l ms arlus hk rcsim plrl eltmrks hk rcsim k arlus hk rcsim tmtlf hm prmgktm hk hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmhutms k omstrl ltcvchlhks hk rkspmstl kecilzks k kecick`tks. Kspkiclfok`tk, m TOE suakrk uo omhkfm hk l`ìfcsk hk rcsim ko uo lodck`tk hk k`ak`blrcl scouftä`kl (IK). M IK ã uol ldmrhlako plrl vc`iuflr tmhls ls ìrkls eu`icm`lcs, imom eldrciláém, ec`l`iclok`tm k olrjktc`a, imo m hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmgktms (Ylvci k Jlycs, 4>>5). Kxcstk uol trmil ouftchcrkicm`lf hk c`emroláûks k`trk tmhls ls ìrkls eu`icm`lcs, plrl uo okfbmr, olcs eìicf k olcs kim`øocim hksk`vmfvcok`tm hk prmhutms. ^mrtl`tm, uo lftm arlu hk imfldmrláém mu uo lftm `ïvkf hk scouftl`kchlhk (IF) ã hkskgìvkf plrl im`strucr m lodck`tk hk IK. ‟
