SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Maratua Island Home-stay Scheme Research: A Community Based Approach Study For Sustainable Tourism Development
Prepared for: SIDI, Maratua Island Tourism Focus Proposed by: Andre Prakoso, Ocean Engineering 27 March 2014 Faculty of Marine Technology Phone Number : +6282233005535 Email :
[email protected] :
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SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objective To determine the best suited homestay scheme in Maratua Island for a Sustainable Tourism Development, while preserving the environment. Community Based Approach will become the main concept of the research, with Local Residents as it's main subject. The Government and the Non Government Organization (NGO) will act collaborativel y to supervise the operation of the scheme
Significance of The Research A good Home-stay scheme shall be able to preserve the environment, increase the economic growth, strengthens local sense of pride in their culture, and enchances their skill and knowledge in managing tourism for a Sustainable Development.While on the other hand, a bad Home-stay scheme will cause environment degradation, social and economic inequality between the local resident, and miscommunication between local resident and the government thus resulting to the failure of Maratua Island Tourism Development .
Challenge Tourism infrastucture has been always a serious concern in every form. Either the lack of infrastructure or unplanned infrastructure. Such as the lack of skills and knowledge about the tourism management in the the society and also the absence of the government regulation and supervision. More comprehensive and integrated planning shall be considered to anticipate social and environment disturbances.
Research Outline In order to determine the best suited homestay scheme, the researcher need to execute some of these activity, but not limited to : •
Collecting Information (Questionnaire, Interview, etc)
•
Focus Group Discussion
•
In Depth Analysis and Scheme Construction
•
Report Writing
SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Abstract Maratua is one of the four most popular sophisticated tropical islands of Derawan Archipelago located south of Tarakan city under Berau Jurisdiction. This paradise island is situated within the fabled coral triangle, thus making it's water area contain the third highest level of marine biodiversity in the world after Raja Ampat and the Solomon Islands. With over 20 diving spot across the island, Maratua shal l became, "a must Dive site" for both domestic and international tourist alike. Besides Diving, Maratua also offers unique experience for tourists by interacting with the Bajo Tribe. This Bajo people, or often called Sea Gypsies are a landless tribe that's sustained completely by only using resource from the ocean. And not only do they survive solely on marine resources, they actually live in the ocean as well. They also distinguished by their exceptonal free-diving abilities and intimate knoledge of the maritime coastal ecosystems. However as a new popular tourist destination, Maratua faces some difficulities to develop it's potential. For example, because of it's remote location there's limited option for tourist to get there. Either by taking plane to Balikpapan then continue the flight to Tanjung Redeb and finally take the boat to Maratua, or by directly using the speedboat from Berau. The lack of local resident skill and knowledge concerning tourism management also became a problem for Maratua sustainable tourism development. And one of the most dire problem Maratua has to face is the shortage of the tourist accomodation. There's only one resort established to accomodate all tourist. As a solution for the accomodation problem, Home-stay program was introduced. This program chosen because of it's several advantages. By involving the local resident in tourism activity, it enchances their skill and knowledge concerning the tourism management for a sustainable growth. Their sense of pride in their culture also strenghen, because the tourist will respect them as their host. It also ensures that the benefits of the tourism activity actually reach the local communities. Moreover with Bajo Tribe as the local resident, this program can help sustain the existing ecology. Because it's Bajo Tribe's nature value the environment. This research aim is to determine the best suited Home-stay scheme specific for Maratua Island. Environmental, Social, and Economic issue shal l be considered in the process of planning the scheme. Qualitative method will be used in the form of interview with local resident, government, NGO, and tourist representati ve. Analysis will be conducted based on secondary data (economic growth, tourist I/O rate, etc), interview result, and group discussion with research party and all stakeholder.
SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Literature Review
In order to deepen our understanding regarding the Home-stay scheme, we must first refer to the definition of Sustainable tourism development. Sustainable tourism development refers to development in a manner and scale that remains viable over an indefinite period. It avoids any degradation or modification of the present environment (Pakshir and Vinekswaran, 2011). Under it there's community-based approach, or in this case often called Community-based tourism (CBT) which is a type of sustainable tourism that promotes pro poor strategies in a community setting. CBT initiatives aim to involve local residents in the running and management of small tourism projects as a means of alleviating poverty and providing an alternative income source for community members (Twinning.L, 2007). Homestay being the smallest element in this framework, must be consciously planned to benefit local resident, respect local culture, conserve natural resource, and educate both tourists and the local residents. There is several advantages offered by the Home-stay programs. For the tourist, this program is favoured because it offers them chance to experience a local touch starting from the cuisine they eat, the wa y they sleep, and the way they interact with their host. As for the host, this program provide them a self employment mechanism a s their new source of income; Enchances their skill and knowledge concerning the tourism management for a sustainable growth; Strengthen their sense of pr ide of their own culture; and many more. Past study also reveal the emergence of local resident's creativity and intiative towards the perfection of their own service regardless their lack of formal education (Gangotia, A. 2013). In addition to it's advantages, Home-stay programs al so hold several challenges to be implemented. In some well established community homestays such as Sirubari, Nepal the homestay programme has been facing the generation gap problem (Lama, 2013). Most of the homestays are operated by the women's' groups and the old generation, whereas young generation are migrating to the cit y area for better education and for higher wage. If such condition allowed to be continue, then the village tourism can collapse within the next two decades. Feasibility studies and adequate plans is a must when dealing with rural area where there is lack of skill and knowledge about the tourism management (HTN, 2012). So with the CBT concept in mind, the process of Home-stay scheme planning should be done in the way that involve local community to help preserve their culture ( Giampiccoli and Kalis, 2012). In addition, community participation is beneficial for environment protection because compared with outsider, the local resedent have a self-consciousness to protect the natural resources which are regarded as their 'own environment' (Gu and Wong, 2005). However, in Indonesia there's findings that the local community involvement did not guarantee that the project would avoid negative impacts on the environment (Sudarmo, 2005). Further regulation shall be created to limit the community control towards the environment. There must be some balance in power between the local community,
SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
government, and NGO. Where as each element pla y a role in the mechanism. Local community as the main player, government as the authoritie s, and the NGO as the supervisor. Tourist value perception, is another important aspect that we should considerate in planning the scheme. Now days, the host are encouraged to provide more emotional and personal experience for their guest. These experience may be introduced by adding more value in the terms of fun, new and different experiences, the variety of tradition oriented activities, and culturaly-oriented performances (Jamal and Maheran, 2011).
Research Methodology
The methodology adopted in this research will be a qualita tive nature. Both primary and secondary data are going to be used in this study. Primary data collection shall be int the form of questionnaire sampling; interviews; focus group discussions with the local residents, government representative, and NGO; and field observation of the existing Home-stay program. The main source of the secondary data shall be the government statistics and local printed media. Questionnaire is based on closed question, while Interviews will be conducted in open question. Both of the activity will be implemented b y using random sampling format in the first half of the in place observation month. Focus group discussions are going to be held minimum three times on the last half of the month. In depth analysis are going to be done in site and revision shall be made continuesly untill the final report submiss ion deadline.
Research Timetable
April - M ay
: Literature Study, Permission of Government data, Draft the
questionare and interview questions June - Jul y
: Questionare, Interview, Field observation, Focus group discussion
(Activities are going to be done in such an order) Au gust - September
Home-stay scheme construction, Report writing :
October
: Revise for final report submission and presentation
SIDI RESEARCH PROPOSAL
REFERENCE
Gangotia, A. 2013. Home Stay Scheme in Himachal Pradesh: A Successful Story of Community Based Tourism Initiatives. Global Research Analysis 2 ( 2) Pakshir, L. and Vikneswaran, N. 2011. Sustainability of Homestay as a Form of CommunityBased Tourism (CBT): A Case Study of the Rural Community in Bavanat-Iran. Jounal of Hospitality and Tourism 8 (1) Twining, L. 2007. A Tool kit for Monitoring and Managing Community-Based Tourism. SNV, Ha Noi Gu, M. and Wong, P P. 2005. Development of Costal Tourism and Homestays on Dachangshan Dao, Liaoning Province, North East China. http://www.irfd.org/events/wfsids/virtual/papers/sids_mingpohpoh.pdf Sudarmo, S P. 2005. A Community-Based Approach To Tourism In Indonesia. Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne Jamal, S A. Othman, N. and Maheran, N. 2011. Tourist Perceived Value in a Community-Based Homestay Visit: An Investigation into The Functional and Experiential Aspect of Value. Jounal of Vacation Marketing 17 (1): 5-15 HTN. 2012. Homestay Tourism in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges. Nepal Tourism Board, Nepal Lama, Miki. 2013. Community Homestay Programmes as a Form of Sustainable Tourism Development in Nepal . Centria University of Applied Sciences, Finland Giampiccoli, Andrea. and Kalis, J H. 2012. Community-based Tourism and Local Culture: The Case of The amaMpondo. PASOS 10 (1): 173-188
