Project Proposal for waste management in campus

Waste Management at BUET Campus-Halls

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Objective The objective of this report is to investigate the feasibility of establishing a recycling program for BUET. The scope of this investigation is restrained to that waste generated on BUET only. It is not the objective of this report to describe all possible methods of recycling. Rather, the focus is upon what Bangladesh University of Engineering Technology (BUET) can do right now to enter into solid waste recycling, with minimal investment. Certainly several higher technology methods than those presented within this writing exist, but the low tipping (landfill disposal) costs do not yet justify such measures and probably will not, in this area, until well into the twenty-second century. At that time and indeed as long as any system is in use, the situation should be periodically evaluated and/or updated as wanted.


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Introduction Waste is an unavoidable by product of human activities Economic development, urbanization and improving living standards in cities, have led to an increase in the quantity and complexity of generated waste. Rapid growth of population and industrialization degrades the urban environment and places serious stress on natural resources, which undermines equitable and sustainable development. Inefficient management and disposal of solid waste is an obvious cause of degradation of the environment in most cities of the developing world. Municipal corporations of the developing countries are not able to handle increasing quantities of waste, which results in uncollected waste on roads and in other public places. There is a need to work towards a sustainable waste management system, which requires environmental, institutional, financial, economic and social sustainability. In Dhaka, the Capital City of Bangladesh is expanding rapidly turning it into a mega city with an enormous growth of population at a rate of around 6 percent a year. Solid wastes are being generated at a faster pace, posing a serious management threat. We are running out of room and costs are steadily increasing. We must reduce the amount that is disposed of in these landfills. In addition to the physical and economical aspects of land filling trash, there are also the moral and ecological concerns. Simply continuing to bury recyclable materials as trash is nothing more than passing a problem along to future generations. We must do what we can to minimize the use of landfills right now. One solution is to simply reduce the volume to be disposed of by recycling a portion of it. Composition of solid waste

Clothes

Food waste

Polythene

Paper

Solid Waste

Hospital

Brick,wood,

Industrial

metal,glass

waste

waste

Other waste


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Local Municipal Programs Current (2013-2014) waste generation in Bangladesh is around 22,4 million tonnes per year or150 kg/cap/year. There is an increasing rate of waste generation in Bangladesh and it is projected to reach 47, 064 tons per day by 2025. The Waste Generation Rate (kg/cap/day) is expected to increase to 0.6 in 2025. The total waste collection rate in major cities of Bangladesh such as Dhaka is only 37%. And waste collection in BUET is a insignificant portion of this 37% as the area of BUET is not much. In Dhaka, Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) is in charge of waste management. The indiscriminate disposal of Hospital and Clinical Waste, presence of extremely high l evel of Total and Facial coliform and for many other reasons, waste is collected by local communities. In BUET, waste from campus, adjacent teachers residential quarters and halls are collected by locally appointed workers.

The whole solid waste collection and disposal is shown below: Wastes in campus, residential quarter and residential halls

Collected by waste collectors

Dumped in nearby dustbin (near Sonali Bank in palashi bazar )

DCC trucks collect wastes every morning


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Problem quantification: BUET currently produces about 7600 tons of solid waste annually and spends a total of ৳ 618.4 per ton to dispose of it. The waste is all collected and sorted by BUET staffs and the rest is discarded in dustbin near Sonali Bank in Palashi Bazar . The waste stream consists of mostly paper -this portion is estimated at 60%. The remainder is small portions (perhaps 5% each) of aluminum cans, plastics, glass bottles, wood and metals. The pie chart is a graphic illustration of this breakdown.

RECYCLABLE WASTE PROPORTIONS Papers Lab Wastages Wood Metal Plastic Others

BUET buys computer, multi-media projector and other electrical equipment every year. These equipment come in cardboards. After equipment is emptied from these cardboards, they are dumped as waste. Behind the department of civil engineering buildings, wastes from concrete lab are discarded. These wastes are normally broken cylinder from cylinder tests, broken square blocks, used sands, broken bricks etc. Year after year these piles of wastes are kept exposed to open air without taking any action to clean the place. Meanwhile, plenty of plants have rooted over these piles of garbage making it a fixed ground to grow. A big percentage of wastes come from the paper that the department use yearly. A lot of money is spent to buy papers. These papers are used as examination papers, examination questions and other official works. These papers after use are sold to hawkers at a low price.


Used paper

5

Small

Hawkers

Paper dealer

Newsprint

Large paper dealer

(After processing)

A lot of woods from carpentry shop, metals from machine shop and welding shop is counted as waste after their use in shop. Among other wastes there is plastic glass and containers, paper bags, polythene bag. Most of these wastes come from cafeteria. These are the result of sheer negligence of students. This scenario could easily be changed if the students become more careful about their action.

Current Campus Recycling: The few recycling activities currently happening in BUET are scattered and unrelated, for the most part. It appears that the desire to recycle does exist however, because the efforts are on the part and initiative of individuals and separate building staffs. Recently an attempt was taken by the head of carpentry shop to make furniture using cardboard. This is a good initiative to recycle cardboard. A road adjacent to teacher’s club is under construction. The main purpose of this

construction is to elevate the road and use reinforcement to withstand enough strength in flood season. For experimentation, waste aggregate is used in this construction. A narrow lane has already been constructed with these aggregate and it is working fine. Other than that, teachers are always working on recycling. They come up with different recycling plan and implement them in campus. BUET authority holds different conferences all year long. The recycling activities that BUET applies are quite unorganized. A better plan can make the waste management program successful.


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Recycling Market As mentioned above, one of the major potential drawbacks to effective and economical recycling is the uncertainty of the markets.

We gathered information from some paper

manufacturing company to see the market price of paper. The manufacture of paper oscillates depending on season. It is in its peak in election season due to leaflet and poster of different candidates. Other than that, the manufacture of paper is good in May-June and OctoberDecember due to examination of different educational institutions. The price of the paper varies with the manufacture of paper. The current price of computer paper is 130 taka per ton, card board 180 taka per ton, newspaper 60 taka per ton and mixed paper 120 taka per ton. The current price of stone chips is 7200 taka per ton and brick chips is 6500 taka per ton.

Proposed System Following is an outline of a suggested procedure for implementation of a recycling program for BUET campus. The program would consist of three phases, each one building upon while retaining the former one(s). Using this approach, the financial impact is lessened dramatically and more flexibility exists.

PHASE I  

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Running a pilot program just in the Civil Faculty Building perimeter. It will consist of a Project Manager preferably a respected membe r of the Civil Faculty teachers and a group of students. The aim is to collect the recyclables from office rooms as well as classrooms and labs in sophisticated trash cans, cardboard cans and lage plastic desk boxes. Then separate them categorically as specified in Problem Qu antification section. A step van will be in operation to carry them to suitable recycling markets th at have been chosen for the items; where these recyclable wastes d isposals can be sold and reused such as in the case of newsprint that can be later used as exam questionnaire sheets. Depending on the feasibility of this 6 month long program and analyzing the budget estimations in three different scenarios — Pessimistic, Median and Optimistic, further strengthening for Phase II will be evaluated.


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PHASE II 

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Expanding the pilot program undertaken in previous phase all throughout the other Faculty buildings. More number of students will be employed along with respective Faculty teacher as directors. Locations for trash cans, sizes of cans and box es also the quantity of cans will be increased. 5 step vans will be in operation to transport the recyclables to nearby market. Based on the evaluation of this 6 month long phase, reinforcement for the next phase will be decided. For campus wide waste management program, this phase is pretty much important to succeed.

PHASE III 

This phase will include the halls as well as the 5 faculty buildings.

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13 directors representing the 5 Faculties and 8 Halls will be co-coordinating the program simultaneously.

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30+ students will be employed in 20 hrs a week basis work-study program.

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Over 5000 trash cans and disposable cardboard boxes will be deployed all over the campus.

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More than 10 step vans will be in action to transport these recyclables to the market.

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Aiming for the Median case scenario this phase is bound to be success resulting in profit for this waste management program.

Outcome 

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For the first time, BUET will have a work-study program that will involve students being employed for a year-long program. BUET authority will earn profit from the waste management program, if implemented successfully, that can be further reinforced in developing the infrastructural or sociological projects. This program will be an inspiration for such self-dependent projects, an d in no time BUET will host such programs. These will add weights to the institution’s honor and worldwide ranking. Students are hopefully expected to be equipped with better communication skills and practical real work based experiences that will enhance their career ahead. BUET will be a role model for other universities countrywide, for recyclables processing and setting an example of earning yearly good turnovers just by deciding to rec ycle rather than dumping.


Implementation Plan

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Project Personnel Nearly all current campus recycling programs began as student initiatives. That is, they were originally conceived of, implemented and operated solely by student groups. It is important to involve the student population in order to change the mindset of the current (and future) generation that we can just continue to toss all waste in the trash can and haul it off and bury it in a landfill. Thus, the BUET student body needs to be involved. The Work/Study program at BUET would be an excellent source of student labor to support the program. The only restriction is that the student can work twenty hours per week, maximum, until the money is gone. A position in the recycling program would be an excellent learning experience for students in several majors, ranging from civil/environmental engineering, to chemical engineering, to CSE. The involvement of the custodial staffs is essential as well. Because of the transient nature of the student staff (semester breaks, graduation, etc.), a consistent element is critical for program continuity. PHASE

Role

Project Responsibility

Skill Required

Phase 1: Pilot Program

Director

Lead Team, Report Status Collect Cans, Communicate with Buyers Transport Waste

Project Management Communication skills

Collector/Seller

Step Van Driver Phase 2 : Expansion

Director Collector/Seller

Step Van Driver Phase 3: Campus Wide

Director

Collector/Seller

Step Van Driver

Lead Team, Report Status Collect Cans, Communicate with Buyers Transport Waste Lead Team, Report Status Collect Cans, Communicate with Buyers Transport Waste

Paddling capability Project Management Communication skills Paddling capability Project Management

No. of Staff 1

Category

Estimated Start Date

Duration Required

Assistant Professor from Civil Faculty Students from each Level

6 months

1

Labor

Ongoing

5

Assistant Professor from each Faculty Students from each Level from each faculty

6 months

Labor

Ongoing

Assistant Professor from each Faculty and Hall Provosts. Students from each Level from each faculty. From each halls. Labor

6 months

4

20

5

13

Communication skills

36

Paddling capability

13

6 months

6 months

6 months

Ongoing

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Budget Analysis Phase I - Pilot Program Following are three cases used in evaluation of the first phase. Prices used are the average, per ton, of those found in the local dealer survey (refer to the "Current Recycling Markets" section). Quantities are calculated based upon the percentages listed and the total tonnages given in the "Problem Quantification" section. Total Weight, "Other Papers": 5,500 Tons/Year Assume 25% Computer Printout: 1,375 Tons/Year Assume 25% Corrugated Cardboard: 1,375 Tons/Year Assume 50% Mixed paper: 2,750 Tons/Year The percentage of total is calculated based upon the annual total of 7,600 tons now being landfilled. Pessimistic Material Concrete Shurki Computer Paper Cardboard Newspaper Mixed Paper TOTAL

Median

Optimistic

Price(৳)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

7200 130 180 60 120

10 20 20 20 10

30 275 275 40 275

220 280 50 2 30

20 40 30 40 10

60 550 413 80 275

430 570 70 5 30

30 50 40 50 10

90 688 550 100 275

650 710 100 6 3

Ton 895

৳(000)

Ton 1378

৳(000)

Ton 1703

৳(000)

580

1110

1500

REVENUES 

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Thus, under the Pessimistic Case, a total of 895 tons (12% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated ৳5, 80,000. Under the Median Case, a total of 1,378 tons (18% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated৳11, 10,000. Under the Optimistic Case, a total of 1,703 tons (22% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated ৳15, 00,000.

Besides the recyclable materials sales, the landfill cost avoidance on them (at the current ৳150 per ton) would amount to ৳130,425 in the Pessimistic Case, ৳ 2, 06,700 in the Median Case, and ৳2, 55,450 in the Optimistic Case.


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EXPENSES For Phase I, it is assumed that the following people and equipment would be adequate. Note that no transportation (except from the buildings to storage) or marketing costs are included as any of the buyers contacted are willing to come pick the material up from a central location.

Asset

Annual Cost

Director (1/2 time) Collectors/Sellers (4 students) + 1 driver Truck (Step Van) Containers (12 locations) Custodial Time (12 locations@ 2 hr. /day) Storage Facilities (temporary)

৳15,000

Total Costs

৳88,000

SUMMARY Thus, under the three cases estimated: Case

Net Income (Loss)

Pessimistic Median Optimistic

( ৳ 1, 61, 600) ৳4, 37, 180 ৳8, 69, 500

৳8,000 ৳10,000 ৳5,000 ৳45,000 ৳5,000

Note that the chance of making a profit appears to be great. The figures used in the Pessimistic case is quite conservative (low), as are those used for the expenses (high). ** Yard wastes (grass clippings, leaves, twigs, etc. which are undoubtedly a large portion of total solid waste stream) are something not included in this report. There is no point in including yard wastes in this report as they are being recycled through composting already.

Phase II: Expansion The costs encountered will be more or less the same as found out for the Civil Faculty in Phase I . In this the profit should increase by 5 times as wastes will be collected from all the 5 Faculties.


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Phase III: Campus Wide Under the third phase (complete campus-wide involvement), nearly all that is possible to collect of the waste stream for recycling would be collected. Using the same assumptions as above, the collection is estimated at:

Pessimistic Material Metal Scrapes Wood Computer Paper Cardboard Newspaper Mixed Paper TOTAL

Median

Optimistic

Price(৳)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

%

Wt.

৳(000)

3000 4200 130 180 60 120

15 15 40 40 40 30

45 45 550 550 80 825

325 325 570 100 5 100

35 35 70 60 80 50

105 105 962 825 160 1375

755 755 990 150 10 160

35 35 80 80 80 80

105 105 1100 1100 160 2200

755 755 1130 200 10 260

Ton 2095

৳(000)

Ton 3532

৳(000)

Ton 4770

৳(000)

1430

2820

3110

REVENUES 

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Thus, under the Pessimistic Case, a total of 2095 tons (28% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated ৳14, 30,000. Under the Median Case, a total of 3532 tons (46% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated৳28, 20,000. Under the Optimistic Case, a total of 4770 tons (63% of the annual total generated) of waste would be diverted from the landfill and sold for an estimated ৳31, 10,000.

Besides the recyclable materials sales, the landfill cost avoidance on them (at the current ৳ 150 per ton) would amount to ৳310,425 in the Pessimistic Case, ৳ 5, 06,700 in the Median Case, and ৳7, 15,450 in the Optimistic Case.

EXPENSES For Phase III, it is assumed that the following people and equipment would be adequate. Note that no transportation (except from the buildings to storage) or marketing costs are included as any of the buyers contacted are willing to come pick the material up from a central location.


Asset

Annual Cost

Director (1/2 time) X 13 Collectors/Sellers (36 students) + 13 drivers Truck (Step Van) X 13 Desk Containers (4000) Hall Collection Containers (400) Custodial Time (12 locations@ 2 hr. /day) Storage Facilities (temporary)

৳ 1,

Total Costs

৳6,

SUMMARY Thus, under the three cases estimated: Case

Net Income (Loss)

Pessimistic Median Optimistic

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95,000 ৳78,400 ৳ 1, 13,000 ৳40,000 ৳40,000 ৳1, 78,000 ৳ 5,000

49,400

৳ 7,

80, 600 ৳21, 70, 600 ৳24, 60, 600

Even if we approach in a pessimistic manner, we will encounter an annual profit of around 8 lacs just by recycling our daily garbage!!


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SWOT Analysis STRENGTH 1. Work-study program: A work-study program at BUET will help students earn financial funding through a part-time work program.

2. Extra income: If these proposals are implemented, BUET authority will have an extra source of income.

3. Reduction in expense: The waste papers can be sold and reused as newsprint which can be later used as exam questionnaire sheets. This will reduce the expense to buy new papers.

4. Communication skills of students: Students can develop their communication skills through this project to get ready for professional life.

5. Teacher-student relationship: Through this project, a better relation between teachers and students will develop.

OPPORTUNITIES: 1. Enhancing university: With the profit earned from this project, more development can be bought to enhance the university. 2. Research facilities : With more lands and profit, the research facilities at BUET will be increased. 3. Improving university: With more research work, the ranking of BUET will go upward. 4. Pioneer program: This can be a pioneer program for other projects in future.

WEAKNESSS: 1. Funds: Collecting the amount of money needed for these developments will be a tough challenge. 2. Limited student job opportunities : At the pilot program, only 4 students will work. And at the campus wide program, 36 students will have the opportunity to work in this program annually. 3. Fluctuation of price : The price of paper production fluctuates throughout the year. So, the estimated budget showed in this proposal may be more or less depending on the current market price of production. 4. Extra space for storage facility : BUET has limited land. So finding extra space for storage facilities may be a problem.


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THREATS; 1.

Authorization of BUET Authority: Getting authorization from BUET authority and

fulfilling their conditions will be another tough challenge. 2. Digitalization: More than 50% budget estimation of this project is with paper. Digitalization such as usage of electronic soft copy for class lectures, online examination will cause entire collapse of the project.

GANTT chart: Proposed For Upcoming 2 Years

Activities Phase I Recycling waste from Civil Faculty building

Phase II Expansion of Waste management program in other Faculty Offices and classrooms.

Phase III Campus Wide recycling measures undertaken including the halls.

Month Mar’14 Jun’14’ Sep’14 Dec’14

Mar’15

Sep’15

Mar’16

-

100 % Completed and becomes a part of Phase II 30 % proceeded. 100 % Completed and becomes a part of Phase III

30 % proceeded. 100 % Completed.


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Conclusion & Recommendations Conclusion

The present practice of waste collection, recycling and disposal is quite disorganized which is quite unexpected for a university like BUET. An organized effort is needed in order to maximize resource recovery and utilization. This project is all about recycling and maximization of the resources we have within our effort.

Recommendation 

A lot of woods from carpentry shop, metals from machine shop and welding shop is counted as waste after their use in shop. Students from mechanical engineering can be inspired to make different things with these wastes.

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Further study should be made on making furniture with cardboard. If successful, more people should be appointed which will reduce the employment problem in Bangladesh. This could be a good source of income.

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New ideas of recycling can be found from students by arranging competition on recycling of waste management. In this program, competitions can be held on project display, debate etc. Students can be inspired on research and invention through theses competitions. Recycling of plastic bottles, cans were not involved in this project. This could be a valid source of income.

Project Proposal for waste management in campus

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