PRODUCCION EN CAÑA
PRODUCCION DE PANELA CAPERA, J.P., 105576, ROMAN. Y., 108558, COLLAZOS, D., 109569., PARRA. A., 109539., VELANDIA, D., 106061 Facu!a" "# C$#%c$a& A'()*#cua($a&. +%$#(&$"a" Nac$)%a D# C))-$a / S#"# Pa-$(a. RESUMEN: Pa(a )!#%#( u%a *a%#a "# #c##%!# ca$"a" &# "## #a( a ca) "$#(&)& *()c#&)& "#&"# ca-*), c)-) # #&!a#c$-$#%!), -a%!#%$-$#%!) "# a caa "# a2ca( 4 c)&#ca ) cua a a 'a(a%!$2a( u#% (#%"$-$#%!) 4 ca$"a" #% a *()"ucc$% "# a caa "# a2ca(, *()c#&) $%"u&!($a # cua &# c#%!( #&!# $%)(-#. Ca# (#&a!a( u# a c)&#ca "# a caa a cua a "#&!$%a"a *a(a # !(a*$c# #& c)&#ca"a -a%ua-#%!# *)( )& c)(!#()&:, %) &# (#a$2a% c)(!#& -#c;%$c)& 4 &# c)&#ca #% #("#
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c)a "# '(a% $-*)(!a%c$a &)c$)#c)%-$ca #% # P)&!#($)(-#%!# &# (#a$2a u%a #a*)(ac$% *)( -#"$) -u%"). "# u%a )(%$a ) *a$a, a cua #$-$%a # 90B "# E% C))- C))-$a, $a, "#%!() "#%!() "# )& cu!$ cu!$)& )& *#(-a% *#(-a%#%! #%!#&, #&, a'ua a u%a !#-*#(a!u(a "# 100 C. Lu#') &# ac# )cu*a # &#'u%") u'a( #% #!#%&$% c)% [email protected]@ u%a c)%c#%!(ac$% #% ")%"# a !#-*#(a!u(a aca%2a #c!;(#a& & *a>&#& #& #% # -u%" -u%") ) &# # "a a )(-a a a *a%#a &# #%(>a 4 &# #-*aca. *()"u )"uc#% c#% *a%# a%#a, a, 4 C))))- $a #& # &#'u &#'u%" %") ) Ca# (#&a!a( u# # a)( %u!($c$)%a "# a *a%#a *()"uc!)( "#&*u& "# a I%"$a. Pa(a # *#(>)") 1998 "#*#%"# "# %u-#()&)& ac!)(#& u# a% "#&"# a ?00?, a I%"$a c)%c#%!( # 86B "# a *()"ucc$% a($#"a" "# caa u!$$2a"a, # !$*) "# &u#) 4 a& -u%"$a, -$#%!(a& u# C))-$a c#(ca "# 13,9B #& ca(ac!#(>&!$ca& c$-;!$ca&, a&!a a #"a", # &$&!#-a #$"#% #$"#%!# !# *)( !a%!) !a%!) u# a *()"u *()"ucc cc$% $% -u%"$a -u%"$a "# "# c)(!#, a*()%!# 4 a& c)%"$c$)%#& "# *()c#&) "# *a%#a &# c)%c#%!(a #% #&!)& ")& *a>&#& *()"ucc$%. a a *(# *(#$a $a-# -#%! %!# # ca( ca($ $ca ca") ").. G)4 G)4 ">a, ">a, u#( u#(a a "# &u #&!a#c#(&# cua%") &# aca%c# # *u%!) "# -;$-) !(a"$c !(a"$c$)% $)%a a *(#&#% *(#&#%!ac !ac$% $% c)-*ac c)-*ac!a !a #% "$#(# "$#(#%!# %!#&& (#%"$ #%"$-$ -$#% #%!) !),, 4 &!# &!# c)$% )$%c$"$ c$"$(( c)% c)% # *u%!) u%!) "# )()(-a& a& #%c) #%c)%! %!(a (a-) -)&& )!(a )!(a&, &, !a# !a#&& c)-) c)-) *a%# *a%#a a -a"u(#2, 4a u# "# #&!a -a%#(a &# )'(a u# # '(a%ua"a, &a)($2a"a 4 #-*aca"a. P)( ca"a 100 H' c)%!#%$") "# a2ca(#& !)!a#& #% a *a%#a &#a # "# caa &# *()"uc#% 10 H' "# *a%#a. La *()"ucc$% -;& a!) *a(a -#)(a( a ca$"a" "# )& u')& "# caa "# *a%#a #&!; c)%!()a"a *)( a #4 @0 "# 1990. *a(a a *()"ucc$% "# a *a%#a.
La #!(acc$% "# u')& "# caa a "#&"# u% @5B a u% 65B "# acu#(") c)% a *)!#%c$a "# -)$%), #&!)& u')& $-*$)& &# ca$#%!a% 4 &# #& a"$c$)%a u% a'u! 'u!$% $%a% a%!!# #'# #'#!a !a <a& a&) ) ) ca"$ a"$) )=, =, ) cua cua c)%c c)%cu# u#(" ("a a c)% c)% ) "$c "$c) ) *)( *)( Ca"a Ca"a$ $" "
GENERALIDADES DE LA PANELA
La *a%#a &# )!$#%# "# a caa "# a2ca( <&acc <&acca(u a(u- )c$%a )c$%a(u(u-== *#() *#() #& -;& *u(a u# u# # a2c a2ca( a( *)( *)(u# u# #& # (#&u #&u!a !a") ") #c #cu& u&$ $) ) "# a #a*)(ac$% "# )& u')& "# a caa 4 "# a &$'u$#%!# c($&!a$2ac$% "# a &aca()&a, &$% u# &# &)-#!a a *()c#&)& "# (#%a") ) c#%!($u'a") ) a )!() *()c#&) u>-$c). P)( #&!a (a2%, a *a%#a #& u% *()"uc!) %a!u(a u# -a%!$#%# !)")& )& %u!($#%!#& "# a caa "# a2ca(. 1
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A "$#(#%c$a "# )!()& #"uc)(a%!#&, a *a%#a #& u% a$-#%!) "# a!)& a)(#& %u!($c$)%a#&, 4a u# #&!; c)-*u#&!a *)( ca()$"(a!)&, $!a-$%a&, *()!#>%a& '(a&a&, a'ua 4 -$%#(a#& u#, c)-) # cac$), # &)(), # $#((), # &)"$), # *)!a&$) 4 # -a'%#&$), &)% -u4 $-*)(!a%!#& #% a a$-#%!ac$%, #% *a(!$cua( #% a "# a *)ac$% $%a%!$. A a *a%#a !a-$% &# # a!($u4#% *()*$#"a"#& -#"$c$%a#& *)( ##-*), &# u&a *a(a c)%!()a( 4 a$$a( )& (#&($a")&, *a(a (#cu*#(a( #%#('>a& 4 c)-) c$ca!($2a%!# %a!u(a "# c#(a& *#($($ca&. E% I%"$a a a-a% a2ca( -#"$c$%a *)(u# &$(# *a(a cu(a( a !)&, a& #-a&, a $%"$'#&!$% 4 # #&!(#$-$#%!) a"#-;&, $()& a%!$'u)& $%"#& "$c#% u# &$(# *a(a *u($ca( a &a%'(# 4 *a(a *(##%$( "))(#& (#u-;!$c)& 4 "#&("#%#& "# a $$&. S)% -uca& a& "#%)-$%ac$)%#& u# !$#%# #&!# *()"uc!) #% # -u%"), *#() # %)-(# *a%#a #& a "#&$'%ac$% c)-#(c$a #% C))-$a. P(;c!$ca-#%!# ca"a *a>& *()"uc!)( !$#%# u%a )(-a "$#(#%!# "# a-a( a *()"uc!) ca%caca #% P#(, Ecua")( 4 C$#, *$)%c$) #% M$c) 4 C)&!a R$ca, *a*#% #% V#%#2u#a 4 a'u%)& *a>&#& c#%!()a-#($ca%)&, (a&*a"u(a #% Cua, (a&$ 4 )$$a 4 a''#(4 ) 'u( #% I%"$a 4 # &u( "# A&$a.
Corte
E c)(!# &# *u#"# (#a$2a( "# ")& -a%#(a& *)( *a(#), ")%"# &# c)(!a !)") # )!# "# caa a -$&-) !$#-*) ) *)( #%!(#&au# ) "#&'u>#, ")%"# &) &# c)(!a% )& !a)& u# #&!;% -a"u()& <")& ) !(#& #c#& a a) *)( )!#=.
Aplicaciones
A'u%a& "# a& a*$cac$)%#& "# a Pa%#a &)% #$"a& (#(#&ca%!#& a. C)%&#(a& "# (u!a& 4 #("u(a&. E"uc)(a( u')&. )(!a&, $2c)c)&, 'a#!a& 4 *)&!(#&. M#(-#a"a&. La c)c$%a "# *a!)& !>*$c)&.
PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE LA PANELA
E c)(!# *)( *a(#) *()*)(c$)%a u')& c)% c)%c#%!(ac$)%#& "# a2ca(#& )-)'%#a& u# #%#c$a% a a($cac$% "# a *a%#a. D#&*u& "# c)(!# &# (#a$2a% a& *(;c!$ca& "# c#*$a") 4 #%ca# a *($-#(a c)%&$&!# #% c)(!a( )& !)c)%#& a (a& "# *$&) *a(a #$!a( # "#!#($)() "# a c#*a #% # #%ca# &# $-*$a% )& &u(c)& a*$a%") # )a# #% # #&*ac$) u# u#"a
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E% # c)(!# *)( #%!(#&au# &) &# c)(!a% )& !a)& a*a(#%!#-#%!# -a"u()& "#a%") )& !$#(%)& #% # )!#. $#%# a "#&#%!aa "# #-*#a( -;& !$#-*) #% a (#c)#cc$%, *u#&!) u# &# "## &##cc$)%a( a& caa& a"#cua"a& *)( )&#(ac$% $%"$$"ua. La *(#&#%c$a "# !a)& c)% "$#(#%!#& #&!a")& "# -a"u(#2 $-*$"# (#a$2a( u% c)(!# a (a& "# &u#), *)( ) u# )& !)c)%#& &u(#% *()c#&)& "# *u"($c$% 4 #(-#%!ac$% u# a!#(a% a $a$$"a" "# a c#*a ) 2)ca, (#"uc$#%") a *()"ucc$% "# u')& 4 #*)%$%")a a a!au# "# $%&#c!)&. D# a& caa& $%-a"u(a& &# )!$#%#% *)( ) '#%#(a, u')& c)% au%"a%c$a "# ')-a& 4 a!)& *)(c#%!a#& "# a2ca(#& $%#(!$")& u# *()"uc#% *a%#a "# -aa ca$"a".
!(ac!)(, au%u# '#%#(a-#%!# &# u!$$2a% a& -ua& *)( a !)*)'(a>a "# !#((#%). La caa #'a "# ca-*) 4 &# a((u-a #% -)%!)%#& #% # *a!$) ) a) !#c) #% # !(a*$c# #&*#(a%") *a(a $%$c$a( a -)$#%"a. Molien!a
S# (#a$2a a #!(acc$% "# u')& -#"$a%!# a c)-*(#&$% >&$ca "# a caa #% )& ()"$)& ) -a2a& "# -)$%), ) cua *()*$c$a a &a$"a "# c)%!#%$") >u$") "# )& !a)& ) u') 4 a )!#%c$% "# a'a2) # *($-#() #& a -a!#($a *($-a u# &# "#&!$%a a a *()"ucc$% "# *a%#a, -$#%!(a& # &#'u%") &# #-*#a c)-) -a!#($a c)-u&!$#.
Transporte apronte
+%a #2 c)(!a"a, a caa $%$c$a &u "#&c)-*)&$c$%, a cua #& ac##(a"a *)( a a!a !#-*#(a!u(a a-$#%!a "# a& (#'$)%#& *a%##(a&. La caa "## *#(-a%#c#( # -#%)( !$#-*) *)&$# #% # &$!$) "# cu!$) "#&*u& "# c)(!#, *u#&!) u# # &) "#&$"(a!a # !a) 4 ac##(a # "#&")a-$#%!) "# a &aca()&a, c)% ) u# au-#%!a a c)%c#%!(ac$% "# a2ca(#& (#"uc!)(#& ) $%#(!$")& #% )& u')& "# !a). )") #) a!#(a )& (#%"$-$#%!)& 4 a ca$"a" "# a *a%#a.
"on!os
La caa &# !(a%&*)(!a "# )!# a !(a*$c# #-*#a%") -ua&, ca-$)%#& ) ca(()& ca#()& aa")& c)% C))-$a/S#"# Pa-$(a
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$%$c$a-#%!# 4 *)( )cuac$% "#&*u&/, )& &$")& #% &u&*#%&$%, a& &u&!a%c$a& c))$"a#& 4 a'u%)& c)-*u#&!)& c))(a%!#& *(#&#%!#& #% )& u')&.
E& u% &$&!#-a "# *(#$-*$#2a "# !(a*$c# c)%)(-a") *)( u% !a%u# "# !a-a) a($a# u$ca") a a &a$"a "# -)$%). E&!# -!)") "# *(#$-*$#2a %) #& !a% ##c!$) 4a u# #$-$%a -u4 *)ca& $-*u(#2a&, a)(#c# a "#'(a"ac$% -$c()$a%a 4 "a *#("$"a "# &aca()&a ) cua aa # (#%"$-$#%!) #% a )!#%c$% "# *a%#a. Li#pie$a
L)& *(#$-*$a")(#& &)% "$&*)&$!$)& u# !$#%#% a u%c$% "# (#!#%#(, %) &) # -a!#($a '(u#&), &$%) *a(!# "# a& $-*u(#2a& "$&*#(&a& #% # u') c)%&!$!u$"a& *($%c$*a-#%!# *)( (#&!)& "# a'a2) 4 a'ac$), caa, !$#((a, -a!#($a )!a%!# 4 )")&.
E *(#$-*$a")( &# "## c))ca( c#(ca "# a &a$"a "# u') "# -)$%), *#() &uc$#%!#-#%!# (#!$(a") "# -$&-) *a(a #$!a( u# # ca$'a a'a2), )a& "# caa 4 ac#$!# "# -)$%).
E'aporaci&n concentraci&n
Clari%caci&n
E&!a &#'u%"a a&# "# *()c#&) "# $-*$#2a )cu((# '(ac$a& a a a*$cac$% "# ca)( &u-$%$&!(a") *)( a )(%$a "u(a%!# c$#(!) !$#-*), #% c)-$%ac$% c)% a acc$% "# a'u%)& c)-*u#&!)& a& &u&!a%c$a& c)a'ua%!#& 4 ca($ca%!#&. Su u&) !$#%# c)-) % #$-$%a( /*)( a')-#(ac$%
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PRODUCCION EN CAÑA
La #a*)(ac$% &# #a a ca) #% a )(%$a u )(%), ")%"# &# &u-$%$&!(a # ca)( %#c#&a($) *a(a #a*)(a( -;& "# 90B "# a'ua *(#&#%!# #% # u') 4 c)% #) au-#%!a( # c)%!#%$") $%$c$a "# )& &$")& &)u#& "# 16 a ?1Q ($, # *u%!) "# -$# ) *a%#a #% # u# a& -$##& aca%2a% u%a !#-*#(a!u(a a&!a "# 1?0QC #% *()-#"$). E% #&!a a&# %a "# *()c#&), a& -$##& aca%2a% !#-*#(a!u(a& &u*#($)(#& a )& 100QC 4 &# (#a$2a #% a& *a$a& c)%c#%!(a")(a& ) *u%!#a")(a #% #&!a #!a*a &# #-*#a% )& a'#%!#& a%!$#&*u-a%!# 4 a%!$a"#(#%!#.
E% # !(a*$c# Pa#&!$%a, &# (#c$# # u') 4a ca($ca") 4 &# ac# *a&a( *)( # cua"() *#(#c!), *a(a c)%#(!$() #% -$#, #&!)& !(aaa% c)% a*)(#& $%#(!#&, &# ac# *a&a( *)( u%) 4 *)( )!() &uc#&$a-#%!#, #% # *($-#() # u') "$u$") ca($ca") #%!(a a !a%"#% a 18,7Q ($, # &#'u%") ?7Q ($, #% # !#(c#() 39Q ($ 4 # cua(!) 53Q ($.
P(ntea!o
C))-$a/S#"# Pa-$(a
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D## c)%!a(&# c)% a &uc$#%!# *(#c$&$% 4 *#($c$a *a(a "#!#(-$%a( # *u%!) "# -$#, 4a u# &$ )& u')& ) -$##& &# &aca% "# a& *a$a& #a*)(a")(a& ac$a a *a$a *u%!#a")(a a -u4 a!a !#-*#(a!u(a, &# *(#&#%!a(; u%a ca(a-#$2ac$% "# )& a2ca(#& c)% # c)%&#cu#%!# )&cu(#c$-$#%!) "# a *a%#a ) -$##&. E% ca&) c)%!(a($), &# "$cu!a(; a &)$"$cac$%. S# c)&#% a& -$##& "u(a%!# 15 -$%u!)& *a(a "a(#& u% !#!u(a u% *)c) -;& #&*#&a 4 *)"#( *a&a( a a& -#&a& ")%"# )& !(aaa")(#& # "a% c)%&$&!#%c$a *)( -#"$) "# *a#!a& a!$#%") a -$#. )ati!o en*ria#iento
E% #&!a #!a*a #& $-*)(!a%!# !#%#( #% c)%&$"#(ac$% u# # *()"uc!) )!#%$") "u(a%!# # *u%!#) &# aa $(# "# c)%!a-$%ac$% -$c()$)'$ca. La a!#a #& u% (#c$*$#%!# c)%&!(u$") #% -a"#(a ) ;-$%a -#!;$ca #% ")%"# &# "#*)&$!a% 4 a'$!a% $')()&a-#%!# a& -$##& cua%") &!a& aca%2a% # *u%!) "# *a%#a 4 &# &aca% "# a )(%$a.
E *()*&$!) "# a!$") #& -)"$ca( a #&!(uc!u(a 4 a !#!u(a "# a& -$##&, 4 (#"uc$( &u ca*ac$"a" "# a"#(#%c$a. Mol!eo
S)% a& "$-#%&$)%#&, !a-a) 4 )(-a "# *(#&#%!ac$% 4 #-*au# "# a *a%#a -u#&!(a% a($ac$)%#& c)%&$"#(a#&, a% #% u% -$&-) !(a*$c#. Ac!ua-#%!# &# c)-#(c$a$2a% c )(-a& "# *a%#a (#")%"a, cua"(a"a, (#c!a%'ua( 4 '(a%ua"a ) #% *)).
C))-$a/S#"# Pa-$(a
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E#pa+(e
La *a%#a (#")%"a &# *()"uc# *($%c$*a-#%!# #% )& "#*a(!a-#%!)& "# Va# "# Cauca, V$#) Ca"a&, A%!$)u$a 4 )$-a. La *a%#a cua"(a"a 4 (#c!a%'ua( #% a G)4a "# R>) Su;(#2 <)4ac; 4 Sa%!a%"#(=, Cu%"$%a-a(ca, Na($), Gu$a, N)(!# "# Sa%!a%"#( 4 M#!a.
D#&*u& "# #&!) *a&a a u% cua(!) "# #-*au#, 4 &# *()c#&a a *a%#a *a(a &u& "$#(#%!#& *(#&#%!ac$%#&, '(a%ua"a, #% cua"()& *#u#)& #% -)"#& (#")%")& *#u#)&.
C(lt(ra, apro'eca#iento propie!a!es
La -u#( #&!; (#*(#&#%!a"a #% a c)c$%#(a:, #%ca('a"a "# (#*)%#( a& u#(2a& "# )& ca-*#&$%)& c)% &u& *a!)& 4 -#($#%"a&, a'u%a& #c#& a -u#( !(aaa "# *(#%&#(a. D#&"# # *u%!) "# $&!a u-a%) #& u% !(aa) a')!a")( 4a u# # ca-*#&$%) "## (#&$&!$( -uc) !$#-*) a) !#-*#(a!u(a& a!a&, a &u #2, a )(%a"a #& a('a, *u#&!) u# u%a #2 #-*#2a"a a -)$#%"a %) &# *u#"# *a(a(, 4 *)( #&!# -)!$) &# ac)&!u-(a ac#( !u(%)& "$u(%)& 4 %)c!u(%)&. )"a& a& *a(!#& "# a caa &)% a*()#ca"a& #% #&!# *()c#&), # !a) *a(a # u'), # &uc$) "# u') *a(a a -#a2a u# &# "a a )& a%$-a#&, # a'a2) c)-) c)-u&!$# *a(a # )(%) 4 a& )a& *a(a #-*aca( a *a%#a. La *a%#a #& u% a$-#%!) -u4 %u!($!$) 4a u# %) *$#("# &u& -$%#(a#& 4 $!a-$%a& "u(a%!# # !(a!a-$#%!), c)-) &> &uc#"# c)% # a2ca( u# #& a c)%!$%uac$% "# *()c#"$-$#%!). Su *(#c$) a(>a &#'% # *#&), a !#!u(a, # c))( 4 # &a)( *#() #% '#%#(a #& a(a!) 4 c)%&!$!u4# # *($%c$*a a$-#%!) "# *u#). E% C))-$a u%a
C))-$a/S#"# Pa-$(a
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PRODUCCION EN CAÑA
*a%#a "# @50'(. *u#"# c)&!a( 1.100.)) -;& ) -#%)& 50 c#%!a)& "# "a(.
"$#(#%!#& !$*)& "# caa !a-*)c) *#(-$!# a #!(acc$% c)-*#!a "# u'), a &u #2 a "#-)(a "# a caa 4a c)(!a"a #% # -)$%) (#*#(cu!# #% &u c)-*)&$c$% 4 &# #-*$#2a a "aa(, *)( !a%!) # u') %) #& # -$&-). M$#%!(a& u# # '(a") "# -a"u(#2 "# a *a%!a #& 'a(a%!>a "# u% u#% u')
S# !)-a c)-) #$"a a-a"a a'ua "# *a%#a: u# #& "$&)#( u% *#"a2) "# *a%#a #% a'ua $($#%"), !a-$% c)-) #%"u2a%!# "# ca ) # c)c)a!# 4 #% "uc#& ca&#()& c)-) a& -#c)ca& 4 # aa%")u#.
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