ppc

Wgtge n gjd

Mktr`ductm`k YED 2996 YNSH. 37 Yr`vmsm`ks `a Ss.397 & 392, Y.Y.C. wnrn t` bn mktnrprntnd, mk vmnw `a ` a pr`vmsm`ks `a S.338-A, Y.Y.C. mk thn emfht `a Mklukctm`ks Mklukctm`ks `a  `a Msegj gs egmd d`wk mk H`ey Wur'gk gkd Sukkg `a H`eyYr`phnt(YB^H) gkd gs mktnrprntnd by Jusemj Lurmsts. 2- RNENQGKT YR@QMSM@KS @A EGV < Wgte-n-gjd Snc.399 t` 374 gkd 324  3- CR@SS RNANRKCNS < Surgh Bgqrg , Gygt 768 Grtmcen = `a C`kstmtutm`k `a Ygomstgk 4- DNAMKMTM@K @A WGTE ^/S 2== (l) 7. Cgusmkf dngth 2. @a pnrs`k 3. By gk`thnr gk`thnr pnrs`k >- MKFRNDMNKTS T@ C@KSTMT^TN @AANKCN @A WGTE-N-GJD ^/S 399 7< Gk gct 2< Vmth mktnktm`k G) @a cgusmkf dngth, `r B) Mklury Vhmch ms emoney t` cgusn dngth 3< `r, wmth ok`wendfn thgt gct wmee cgusn dngth

VHNK WGTE MS EMGBEN T@ WMSGS0 ms gewgys emgben t` qmsgs. qmsgs. FNKNRGE R^EN
MORGH-N-TGJ & MORGH-N-KGWMS MORGH-N-KGWMS G. Wgte –n-Gjd ukdnr Morgh-n-Tgj Morgh-n-Tgj-dnamknd u/s 2== (f) yngrs gkd k`t enss thgk 79 yngrs

B. Wgte –n-Gjd ukdnr Morgh-n-Kgqms Vhgt ms Morgh-n-Kgqms u/s 2==(h)< Gky omkd `a durnss whmch d`ns k`t gj`ukt t` Morgh-n-Tgj ms Morgh – Morgh –nnKgqms Yukmshjnkt< A`r pnrs`k cgusmkf Morgh-n-Kgqms Mjprms`kjnkt upt` 79 yngr ◡ A`r A`r pnrs`k `k wh`j Morgh wgs jgdn Shgee bn pukmshnd a`r typn `a Wgte hn c`jjmttnd 72- VGMQNR GKD C@JY@^KDMKF C@JY@^KDMKF ^/S 39= & 379 Gduet 4) Gt gky tmjn >) Vmth`ut Vmth`ut c`jpnksgtm`k NSSNKTMGES  7) Vgem 2) Sgkn 3) Gduet VHNK CGK”T BN JGDN 7. Ma F`vnrkjnkt ms wgem 2) Ma wgem ms jmk`r Bgde sueh Cgk”t bn 3) bn 3) Ma wgem ms mksgkn 7) G anjgen< Ma g anjgen ms fmvnk mk bgde-n-sueh pukmshjnkt pukmshjnkt ms upt` 79 yngrs mjprms`kjnkt gkd k`t enss thgk 3 yngrs mjprms`kjnkt u/s 37 9-G 2). Ens thgk Dmygt @thnr prmkcmpens pr mkcmpens rnegtmkf t` Sueh t` Sueh 3) F`vnrkjnkt jgy c`jp`ukd 4) Ygyjnkt `a Bgde-n-Sueh jgy bn pr`jpt `r dmaanrnd

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Ygfn 7

>. Ma Vgem ms jmk`r `r mksgkn, hms wgem jgy c`jp`ukd `k hms bnhgea. 73- C@KCE^SM@K

Thnat gkd nxt`rtm`k W Dnamkn gkd dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk thnat gkd nxt`rtm`k0 Vhgt pukmshjnkt ms pr`vmdnd a`r thnsn `aankcns0 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Nxt`rtm`k ms thn `aankcn cgrrmnd ` ut by `vnrp`wnrmkf thn wmee `a thn `wknr, whmen thnat ms thn `aankcn whmch ms c`jjmttnd wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a t hn `wknr. Thn `aankcn `a nxt`rtm`k `ccupmns g jmdden pegcn bntwnnk thnat gkd r`bbnry.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks < A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 368 gkd 36= a`r thnat Snctm`k 383 gkd 36= a`r Nxt`rtm`k

3. Thnat ^/Snc 368< Vh`nvnr, mktnkdmkf t` tgon dmsh`knstey gky j`vngben pr`pnrty `ut `a thn p`ssnssm`k `a gky pnrs`k wmth`ut thgt pnrs`k ‘s c`ksnkt, j`vns thgt pr` pnrty mk `rdnr t` such tgomkf, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt thnat.

(m) Mkfrndmnkts @a Thnat< Mk `rdnr t` c`kstmtutn thnat, t hnat, a`ee`wmkf agct`rs grn nssnktmge. (m) Dmsh`knst mktnktm`k t` tgon pr`pnrty (mm) Yr`pnrty just bn j`vngben (mmm) Thgt sh`ued bn mk p`ssnssm`k `a `thnr pnrs`k (mv) Thnrn just bn rnj`vge `r j`vmkf `a thgt pr`pnrty (v) Vmth`ut c`ksnkt `a thn `wknr (Nxpegkgtm`k `a thnsn mkfrndmnkts hgvn bnnk fmvn mk thn qunstm`k dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk thnat gkd crmjmkge brngth `a trust)

(MM) pukmshjnkt ^/Snc 36=< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts thnat shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thnrn yngrs `r wmth amkn `r b`th. Cgsn Egw 2999 JED 1>7 Mt wgs hned thgt pnrs`k a`ukd a` ukd fumety `a `aankcn `a thnat u/s 3=6 cgk k`t Smjuetgkn`usey bn c`kvmctnd u/s 477 `a Y.Y.C

4. Nxt`rtm`k ^/snc 383< Vh`nvnr mktnktm`kgeey puts gky pnrs`k mk angr `a gky mklury t` thgt pnrs`k `r t` gky `thnr gkd thnrnby dmsh`knstey mkducns thn pnrs`k s` put dnemvnr t` gky pnr s`k gky pr`pnrty `r vgeugben sncurmty `r gkythmkf smfknd `r sngend whmch jgy bn c`kvnrtnd mkt` g vgeugben sncurmty, c`jjmts nxt`rtm`k.

(M) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a nxt` rtm`k (m) Angr `a Mklury Thnrn just bn mktnktm`kgeey puttmkf g pnrs`k mk angr `a mklury t` hmjsnea `r gk`thnr. Mklury mjpemns meenfge hgrj, gkd mt jgybn `a gky omkd.

Meeustrgtm`k<

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Ygfn 2

‘G” thrngtnks ‘B” thgt hn wmee onnp ‘G”s chmed c hmed mk wr`kfaue c`kamknjnkt ukenss ‘G” fmvns hmj cnrtgmk gj`ukt `a j`kny. ‘G” hgs c`jjmttnd nxt`rtm`k.

(mm) Dmsh`knst Mkducnjnkt< Thn nenjnkt `a dmsh`knsty ms thn nssnkcn `a thn `aankcn `a nxt`rtm`k. Thnrn c gk bn k` nxt`rtm`k ukenss g pnrs`k ms by thrngt `a mklury dmsh`knstey mkducns t` sncurmty, `r gkythmkf smfknd `r sngend whmch jgy bn c`kvnrtnd mkt` vgeugben sncurmty.

Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” by puttmkf ?\” mk angr `a frnvm`us hurt, dmsh`knstey mkducns ‘\” t` smkf `r gaamx hms snge snge t` g begkd pgpnr gkd dnemvnr mt t` ‘G”. ‘\” smkfs gkd dnemvnrs thn pgpnr t` ‘G” Hnrn gs thn pgpnr s` smfknd jgy bn c`kvnrtnd mkt` g vgeugben sncurmty ‘G” hgs c`jjmttnd n xt`rtm`k. g. T` Gky Ynrs`k< Mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt t hgt thn thrngt sh`ued bn usnd gkd thn pr`pnrty rncnmvnd by `kn gkd thn sgjn mkdmvmduge. G thrngt jgy bn jgdn by s`jn gkd thn pr`pnrty rncnmvnd by `thnr pnrs`ks, gkd thny gee wmee bn fumety `a nxt`rtm`k.

(MM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 384< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts nxt`rtm`k shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a n mthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn yngrs y ngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th.

>. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Thnat Gkd Nxt`rtm`k< (M) Gs T` C`ksnkt< Mk nxt`rtm`k, c`ksnkt ms `btgmknd by puttmkf thn pnrs`k mk p`ssnssm`k `a pr`pnrty mk angr `a pr`pnrty mk angr `a mklury t` hmjsnea `r gky `thnr pnrs`k. Mk thnat, thn `aankdnr”s mktnktm`k ms t` tgon thn pr`pnrty wmth`ut thn ` wknr”s c`ksnkt. Thnrn ms k` nenjnkt `a a`rcn mk thnat.

(MM)Yr`pnrty< Mk Nxt`rtm`k , b`th j`vngben gkd mjj`vngben pr`pnrty jgy bn thn sublnct `a thn `aankcn. Mk thnat mt ms emjmtnd `key t` j`vngben pr`pnrty.

(MMM) Nenjnkt @a A`rcn< Thnrn ms nenjnkt `a a`rcn mk thn `aankcn `a nxt`rtm`k gs t hn pr`pnrty ms `btgmknd by puttmkf g pnrs`k mk angr `a mklury t` thgt pnrs`k `r gky `thnr. Thnrn ms k` nenjnkt `a a`rcn mk thnat.

(MQ) Sc`pn< Nxt`rtm`k ms wmdnr mk sc`pn gs mt c`vnd gky omkd `a pr`pnrty, vgeugben sncurmty `r gkythmkf thgt jgy bn c`kvnrtnd mkt` vgeugben sncurmty. Thnat c`vnrs `key thn cgsns `a ` a j`vngben pr`pnrty.

(Q) Tgomkf @a Yr`pnrty< Mk nxt`rtm`k, thrngt jgy bn by `kn pnrs`k gkd thn pr`pnrty jgy bn rncnmvnd by gkthnr pnrs`k. Mk thnat, pr`pnrty just bn j`vn by pnrs`k mk `rdnr t` such t gomkf.

(QM) Naanct< Mk nxt`rtm`k, thn pr`pnrty ms dnemvnrnd. Mk thnat, thnrn ms dmsh`knst rnj`vge `a pr`pnrty.

1. C`kceusm`k< T` C`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn `aankcn `a thnat gkd nxt`rt m`k grn `aankcn gfgmkst pr`pnrty. Nxt`rtm`k ms

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Ygfn 3

thn `aankcn whmch `ccupmns g jmdden pegcn bntwnnk thnat gkd r`bbnry gs thn nenjnkt `a a`rcn ms prnsnkt mk thms `aankcn, whmch ms jmssmkf mk thn `aan kcn `a thnat.

Thn`rmns `a Knfemfnkcn W whgt ms knfemfnkcn0 Vhgt grn mts dmaanrnkt thn`rmns0 Dmscuss mk dntgme. W Vhgt grn sublnctmvn gkd `blnctmvn thn`rmns `a knfemfnkcn0

Mktr`ductm`k< Knfemfnkcn mk thn brngth `a duty t` tgon cgrn. Mt ms cgrnenssknss mk g jgttnr mk whmch cgrnaueknss ms jgdn `bemfgt`ry by egw. Mt nssnktmgeey c`ksmsts mk thn jn ktge gttmtudn `a ukdnr mkdmaanrnkcn wmth rnspnct t` `kn‘s c`kduct `kn‘s c`kduct gkd mts c`ksnqunkcns whnknvnr g pnrs`k ms ukdnr g duty t` tgon cgrn, hn ms b`ukd t` tgon thgt gj`ukt `a c grn whmch ms c`ksmdnrnd rngs`kgben ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns.

Dnamkmtm`k `a Knfemfnkcn< (M) Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd < ―Knfemfnkcn ms thn stgtn `a jmkd j mkd `a ukdnr mkdmaanrnkcn t`wgrds `kn ‘s c`kduct gkd mts c`ksnqunkcns.‚

(MM) Gcc`rdmkf T` Vmens< ―Knfemfnkcn ms thn gbsnkcn `a such cgrn gs mt wgs thn duty `a thn `a thn dnankdgkt t` usn.‚

(MMM) Gcc`rdmkf T` Gustmk< ―Knfemfnkcn ms thn brngch by `jmssm`k `a g p`smtmvn duty.

(MQ) Gcc`rdmkf T` Cegro< ―Knfemfnkcn ms thn `jmssm`k t` tgon such cgrn ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns mt ms t hn enfge duty `a g pnrs`k t` tgon mt ms mk g k` snksn g p`smtmvn mdng gkd hgs k`thmkf t` d` wmth g stgtn `a jmkd. o mkds< Omkds `a Knfemfnkcn<  Knfemfnkcn ms `a tw` omkds< (m) Gdvnrtnkt Knfemfnkcn (mm) Mkgdvnrtnkt Knfemfnkcn

(M) Gdvnrtnkt< Mt ms c`jj`key cgeend wmeeaue knfemfnkcn `r rncoenssknss. Mk thms cgsn, thn hgrj d`kn ms a`rnsnnk gs pr`bgben but mk k`t wmeend. N. f . Rgsh drmvmkf `k r`gd.

(MM) Mkgdvnrtnkt Knfemfnkcn< Mkgdvnrtnkt knfemfnkcn cgk bn c geend smjpen knfemfnkcn. Mk thms cgsn, thn hgrj d`kn ms knmthnr a`rnsnnk k`r wmeend n. f. g drukogrd ms wgeomkf ge`kf t hn r`gd gkd hn brngos g sh`p wmkd`w gs hn ok`cos gfgmkst thn sgjn.

(m) Knfemfnkcn gkd Mkgdvnrtnkcn< Gcc`rdmkf t` s`jn lurmsts, gee knfemfnkcn c`ksmsts mk mkgdvnrtnkcn. Gk gct ms d`kn knfemfnktey whnk thn d`kn dmd k`t ok`w thgt thn gct wgs wr`kf but c`ued hgvn a`ukd `ut ma hn hgd trmnd t` d` s`. Crmtmcmsj by Sgej`kd< Sgmj`kd rgmsns tw` `blnctm`ks gfgmkst thms vmnw.

g. Gee Knfemfnkcn ms K`t Mkgdvnrtnkt< Gcc`rdmkf t` sej`ukd, gee knfemfnkcn ms k`t mkgdvnrtnkt. Nvnk ma g thmkf ms ok`wk t` bn wr`kf, M jgy d` thn sgjn wmth hn h`pn thgt t hgt mt wmee k`t rnsuet mk n. f . drmvmkf g agst cgr th`ufh g cr`wdnd str nnt.

b. Gee Mkgdvnrtnkcn ms K`t Knfemfnkcn< Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd, gee mkgdvnrtnkcn mk k`t Knfemfnkcn. M cgk k`t knfemfnkt ma M tgon auee cgrn whmch cgk rngs`kgbey bn nxpnctnd ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns.

Cuepgben Knfemfnkcn<

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Ygfn 4

Cgrnenssknss bnc`jn cuepgben whnk egw mjp`sns g duty `a bnmkf cgrnaue. Vhmen jngsurmkf g dnfrnn `a cgrnessknss tw` thmkfs grn tgonk mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k gkd th`sn grn thn dnfrnn `a thn snrm`usknss `a thn c`ksnqunkcns p`ssmben gkd thn nxtnkt t` whmch t h`sn c`ksnqunkcns wnrn pr`bgben.

(M) Duty @a Cgrn< Mt wgs th`ufht gt `kn tmjn thgt thnrn wgs k`t such thmkf t hmkf mk cmvme egw gs g enfge duty t` tgon cgrn gkd thnrna`rn gs such enfge duty t` thn pegmktmaa by thn dnankdgkt. Sgej`kd ‘s Qmnw< Mk fnknrge , wn jgy sgy thgt whnknvnr gk gct w`ued bn g cmvme wr`kf ma d`kn mktnktm`kgeey mt ms ges` g cmvme wr`kf ma d`kn knfemfnktey. Vhnk thnrn ms g enfge duty k`t d` g thmkf `k purp`sn, thnrn ms c`jj`key g enfge duty t` tgon cgrn k`t t` d` mt gccmdnktgeey. K` fnknrge prmkcmpen cgk bn lgmd d`wk gs t` thn nxmstnkcn `a thms duty a`r mt ms g by brmd c`jp`ukdnd `a gk nenjnkt `a egw gkd gk nenjnkt `a agct. D`k`fhun vs Stnvnks`k < Agcts< G jgkuagcturn `a fmkfnr bnnr s`ed t` g rntgmenr fmkfnr bnnk bnn k mk b`tten whmch c`ktgmknd thn dnc`jp`snd rnjgmks `a g dngd skgme thgt agct wgs k`t ok`wk t` thn jgkuagcturn. Hned< Mt wgs hned thgt thn jgkuagcturn `wnd g duty t` tgon c grn thgt b`tten dmd k`t c`ktgmk gky k`xm`us jgttnr gkd hn wgs emgben ma thn duty wgs br`onk.

(MM) Stgkdgrd @a Cgrn< Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd ,Nkfemsh egw rnc`fkmzns `key `kn stgkdgrd `a c grn gkd `key `kn dnfrnn `a knfemfnkcn . whnk nvnr g pnrs`k ms ukdnr g duty t` tgon c grn gt gee, hn ms b`ukd t` tgon thgt gj`ukt `a mt whmch ms c`ksmdnrnd rngs`kgben ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns gkd thn gbsnkcn `a whmch ms cuepgben knfemfnkcn.

(m) Stgkdgrd `a Cgrn Vhmch Jgy Y`ssmbey Gd`pt< Mt ms p`ssmben t` gd`pt nmthnr ` a thn tw` stgkdgrds `a cgrn, wgkt w gkt `a whmch gj`ukts t` knfemfnkcn. g. Hmfhnst dnfrnn `a cgrn `a whmch hujgk kgturn ms cgpgben. b. Gj`ukt `a cgrn whmch w`ued bn r ngs`kgben mk thn cmrcujstgkcns `a thn pgrtmcuegr cgsn Thn amrst stgkdgrd ms rnlnctnd gkd t hn snc`kd stgkdgrd ms gccnptnd mk gctuge p rgctmcn. Egw rnqumrns k`t whgt ms p`ssmben but whgt ms rngs`kgben ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns. Thn`rntmcgeey knfemfnkcn ms thn `jmttmkf `a thgt whmch g rngs`kgben jgk w`ued d` `r t hn d`mkf `a thgt whmch g rngs`kgben jgk w`ued k`t d`.

(mm) Agct`rs Dntnrjmkmkf Stgkdgrd `a Cgrn< Thn stgkdgrd `a cgrn cgkk`t bn prndntnrjmknd. Mt ms g vgrmgben thmkf whmch vgrmns a`r j cgsn t` cgsn gkd tmjn whmen dntnrjmkmkf thn gj`ukt `a cgrn kncnssgry mk gky pgrtmcuegr cgsn, tw` agct`rs just bn tgonk mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k. g. Jgfkmtudn `a rmso t` whmch `thnr grn nxmstnd by thn gct, gkd b. Thn gj`ukt `a bnknamt t` bn dnrmvnd a`rj thn gct.

Meeustrgtm`k< Ma thn drmvnr `a g cgr drmvns mt gt thn spnnd `a 49 jmens gk h`ur mk thn cmty, hn c`ksmdnrnd t` bn fumety `a knfemfnkcn gs thn dgkfnr `a gccmdnkt mk juch frngtnr thgk thn bnknamt dnrmvnd by thn cgr drmvnr. But ma g trgmk ms ruk gt thn spnnd `a >9 jmens gk h`ur, mt ms k`t c`ksmdnrnd t` bn knfemfnkcn gs thn bnknamt nkl`ynd by thn pubemc `k gcc`ukt `a hmfh spnnd grn juch frngtnr thgk thn rmso `a gccmdnkt.

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Ygfn >

Thn`rmns @a Knfemfnkcn< A`ee`wmkf grn thn thn`rmns `a knfemfnkcn, (M) Gustmk ‘ S Thn`ry<

Knfemfnkcn c`ksmst nssnktmgeey mk mkgdvnrtnkcn. Mt c`ksmsts mk g agmeurn t` bn genrt `r vmfmegkt. G knfemfnkt wr`kfd`nr ms `kn wh` d`sn k`t o k`w thgt hms gct ms wr`kf but wh` w`ued hgvn ma hgd k`t bnnk jnktgeey mkd`enkt. Crmtmcmsj< Sgej`kd p`mkts `ut thgt thnrn jgy bn gdvnrtnkt `r wmeeaue knfemfnkcn gs whnrn g pnrs`k snns thn c`ksnquns `a hms gct gkd mk spmtn `a thgt rncoenssey d`sn mt wmth`ut mktnkdmkf th`sn c`ksnqunkcn. (MM) H`ekgd ‘s Thn`ry<

Gcc`rdmkf t` H`egkd, knfemfnkcn ms `a tw` omkds, fr`ss knfemfnkcn gkd smjpen knfemfnkcn. Crmtmcmsj< Thnsn dmstmkctm`ks grn bgsnd `k r`jgk egw gkd grn k`t rnc`fkmznd by Nkfemsh egw.

(MMM) Sublnctmvn Thn`ry< Smr l`hk sgej`kd hgs pr`p`ukdnd thn sublnctmvn thn`ry `a knf emfnkcn. Gcc`rdmkf t` hmj, knfemfnkcn ms purney sublnctmvn. Mt rnegtns t` thn stgtn `a jmkd. Mt ms g jnktge c`kdmtm`k. Knfemfnkcn c`ksmsts mk thn jnktge gttmtudn `a ukdnr mkdmaanrnkcn wmth rnspnct t` `kn ‘ s c`kduct gkd mts c`ksnqunkcns. Thn nssnkcn `a knfemfnkcn ms k`t mkgdvnrtnkcn whmch jgy `r jgy k`t bn dun cgrnenssknss but cgrnenssknss whmch jgy `r jgy k`t rnsuet mk mkgdvnrtnkcn.

(MQ) @blnctmvn Thn`ry< Gcc`rdmkf t` thms vmnw, knfemfnkcn ms k`t g stgtn `a jmkd but g pgrtmcuegr typn `a c`kduct. Mt ms g brngch `a thn duty `a tgomkf cgrn gfgmkst thn hgrjaue rnsuets `a `kn ‘s gctm`ks, gkd t` rnargmk a`rj ukrngs`kgbey dgkfnr`us omkds `a c`kduct. Thms thn`ry amkds thn supp`rt a`rj thn agct thgt mk thn egw `a T`rts, knfemfnkcn c`ksmsts mk agmeurn t` tgon such c grn, whmch `rdmkgrmey prudnkt jgk w`ued tgon mk cmrcujstgkcn. Gcc`rdmkf t` Cegro gkd emkdsnee < ― Knfemfnkcn c`ksmsts mk gkd `jmssm`k t` tgon such cgrn gs ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns ms mt enfge duty `a g pnrs`k t` t` tgon.‚ Crmtmcmsj< Sgej`kd p`mkts `ut thgt knfemfnkt c`kduct dmaanrs a`rj knfemfnkcn knfemfnkt c`kduct ms g c`ursn `a gctm`k whmch ms thn rnsuet `a knfemfnkcn. Mt ms gk `blnctmvn agct whmch rnsuets a`rj g stgtn `a jmkd.

(Q) Rnc`kcmemgtm`k @a Thn`rmns< Knmthnr thn `blnctmvn k`r thn sublnctmvn thn`ry ms c`rrnct. Knfemfnkcn ms b`th sublnctmvn. Thny Njphgsmzn dmaanrnkt gspncts `a knfemfnkcn. Gk c`ktrgstnd w mth wr`kfaue mktnktm`k thn knfemfnkcn ms sublnctmvn. Gs c`ktrgstnd wmth mknvmtgben gccmdnkt, knfemfnkcn ms `blnctmvn.

C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt knfemfnkcn ms k`thmkf sh`rt `a nxtrnjn cgrnenssknss. Cgrnenssknss nxceudns wr`kfaue mktnktm`k. G thmkf whmch ms mktnkdnd cgkk`t bn gttrmbutn t` cgrnenssknss. Knfemfnkcn d`ns k`t kncnssgrmey c`ksmst mk th`ufhtenssknss `r mkgdvnrtnkcn. Mt ms trun thgt mt ms thn c`jj`knst a`rj `a knfemfnkcn but ms k`t t hn `key a`rj.

^kegwaue Gssnjbey W. Dnamkn ukegwaue gssnjbey. Vhnk mt bnc`jns rm`t0 Nxpegmk aueey. W. Vhgt ms ukegwaue gssnjbey0 ^kdnr whgt cmrcujstgkcns g jnjbnr ` a g ukegwaue gssnjbey c`jjmts gk

YYC

Ygfn 1

`aankcn mk pr`sncutm`k `a c`jj`k `blnct `a t hn gssnjbey. W. Vhnk jnjbnr `a ukegwaue gssnjbey c`jjmts gk `aankcn mk pr`sncutm`k `a c`jj`k `blnct `a thn gssnjbey gkd h`w d`sn mt naanct `thnr jnjbnr `a thn Gssnjbey.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Chgptnr QMMM `a Y.Y.C Y .Y.C dnges wmth thn `aankcns gfgmkst pubemc pngcn. Ma jgky pnr s`ks gssnjben t`fnthnr t` dmsturb pngcn gkd `rdnr, thn tr`uben bnc`jns jgfkmamnd gkd dnsnrvns spncmge trngtjnkt. Snctm`k 7 47 t` 719 dnges wmth thnsn spncmge `aankcns, gkd pr`vmdns pukmshjnkts gs such.

2. Rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 747 t` 74= Y.Y.C.

3. ukegwaue GSSNJBE] u/SNC 747< Gk gssnjbey `a amvn j`rn pnrs`k ms dnsmfkgtnd gk ukegwaue gssnjbey, ma thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thn pnrs`k c`jp`smkf thgt gssnjbey ms. Amrst T` `vnrgwn by crmjmkge a`rcn ` r sh`w crmjmkge a`rcn, thn andn rge `r gky pr`vmkcmge F`vt. `r Enfmsegturn `r gky pubemc snrvgkt mk thn nxnrcmsn `a thn egwaue p`wnr `a such pubemc snr vgkt, `r Snc`kd T` rnsmst thn nxncutm`k nx ncutm`k `a gky egw, `r `a gky enfge pr`cn ss `r Thmrd T` c`jjmt gky jmschmna `r crmjmkge trnspgss `thnr `a ankcn, `r A`urth By jngks `a crmjmkge a`rcn `r sh`w `a crmjmkge a`rcn t` gky pnrs`k t` tgon `r `btgmk p`ssnssm`k `a gky pr`pnrty, `r t` dnprmvn dn prmvn gky pnrs`k `a thn nkl`yjnkt `a rmfht `a wgy `r thn usn `a wgtnr w gtnr `r `thnr mkc`rp`rnge rmfht `a whmch hn ms mk p`ssnssm`k `r, nkl`yjnkt `r t` nka`rcn gky rmfht r mfht `r supp`snd rmfht. @r Amath By jngks `a crmjmkge a`rcn `r sh`w `a crmjmkge a`rcn t` c`jpey gky pnrs`k t` d` w hgt hn ms k`t enfgeey b`ukd t` d` `r t` `jmt t` d` whgt hn ms enfgeey nktmtend t` d`.

(M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Snc 747<  A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a ukegwaue gssnjbey. (m) Gssnjbey `a amvn `r J`rn Ynrs`ks< T` c`kstmtutn ukegwaue gssnjbey, mt just c`ksmst `a amvn `r j`rn pnrs`ks. Ma thn kujbnr `a pnrs`k ms enss thgk amvn, mt w`ued k`t c`kstmtutn ukegwaue gssnjbey nvnk ma thn jnjbnrs hgvn `kn `a thn amvn spnc mamnd `blncts gs thnmr c`jj`k `blnct.

(mm)C`jj`k @blnct< Thn nssnkcn a thn `aankcn ms thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thn pnrs`ks a`rjmkf thn gssnjbey. Vhnthnr thn `blnct ms mk thnmr jmkds whnk thny c`jn t`fnthnr `r whnthnr mt `ccurs t` thnj gatnrwgrds mk k`t jgtnrmge whgt mk kncnssgry ms thgt thny sh`ued gee bn gwgrn `a mt gkd c`kcur mk mt.

(mmm)@blnct Just bn Spncmamnd mk Snc. 747< Thn c`jj`k `blnct just bn `kn `a thn amvn `blncts spncmamnd mk snctm`k 747. G jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey ms fumety `a gk `aankcn u/snc 747 , whnk thn c`jj`k `blnct `a t hgt gssnjbey ms `a a`ee`wmkf typns. g. T` @vnrgwn Andnrge, ‘Yr`vmkcmge F`vt. Enf msegturn `r pubemc< G pnrs`k onpt by supnrm`r mkaeunkcn ms gwn, s` thgt hn angrs t` d` whgt thn egw njp`wnrs hmj t` d` ms `vnrgwnd. Vhnk thn c`jj`k `blnct `a gk gssnjbey ms t` `vnrgwn andnrge, pr`vmkcmge F`vt. `r Enfmsegturn `r pubmc snrvgkt mk thn n xnrcmsn `a thn egwaue p`wnr `a such pubemc snrvgkt, gee pnrs`k `a thn thgt gssnjbey grn fumet `a gk `aankcn. b. T` Rnsmst< Vhnk thn c`jj`k `blnct `a gk gssnjbey ms t` rnsmst thn nxncutm`k `a gky egw `r `a gky enfge pr`cnss n.f.

YYC

Ygfn 6

wgrrgkt , gttgchjnkt ntc, thn jnjbnrs `a thgt gssnjbey grn rnfgrdnd gs jnjbnr `a ukegwaue gssnjbey. c. T` c`jjmt @aankcns< Geth`ufh thmrd cegusn spncmamns `key tw` `aankcns, vmz jmschmna gkd cr mjmkge trnspgss but thn w`rds `thnrs `aankcns snnj t` dnk`tn thgt gee `aankcns grn mkceudnd. d. T` Mktnranrn Rmfhts Gttgchnd Vmth Yr`pnrty< Vhnk thn c`jj`k `blnct thn gssnjbey ms t` tgon-p`ssnssm`k `a gky pr`pnrty `r dnprmvnd gky pnrs`k `a thn nkl`yjnkt `a g rmfht wgy `r usn `a wgtnr `r `thnr mkc`rp`rnge rmfht `r t` nka`rcn gky rmfht, by thn usn `a crmjmkge a`rcn `r by sh`w `a crmjmkge a`rcn, thgt gssnjbey wmee bn dnsmfkgtnd gs ukegwaue gssnjbey gkd jnjbnrs wmee bn pukmshnd gs such. n. C`jpuesm`k t` Gky pnrs`k< Vhnk thn c`jj`k `blnct ms t` c`jpne gky pnrs`k t` d` whgt hn ms k`t enfgeey b`ukd t` d` `r t` `jmt t` d` whgt hn ms enfgeey nktmtend t` d` n.f. t` rnstrmct p`emcn `aamcnr t` grrnst.

(MM) Turkmkf @a Egwaue Gssnjbey Mkt` ^kegwaue @kn< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k t` snc. 747, gk gssnjbey whmch wgs k`t ukegwaue whnk mt gssnjbend jgy subsnqunktey bnc`jn gk ukegwaue gssnjbey.

4. Jnjbnrshmp @a Gk ^kegwaue Gssnjbey ^/snc 742< Vh`nvnr mktnktm`kgeey l`mks ukegwaue gssnjbey `r c`ktmkuns mk mt, bnmkf gwgrn `a thn agcts whmch rnkdnrs gk gssnjbey gk ukegwaue gssnjben ms sgmd t` bn g jnjbnr `a ukegwaue gssnjbey.

>. Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 743< Vh`nvnr ms g jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy n xtnkd t` smx j`kths `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. ^kegwaue Gssnjbey Cgsn Egw 7==4 Sc JR >88 Mt wgs hned thgt mk `rdnr ` rdnr t` pukmsh, thn pr`sncutm`k just pr`vn gkd prnsnkcn `a n gch gccusnd.

1. Yukmshjnkt Vhnrn Ynrs`k Grjnd Vmth Dngdey Vngp`k ^/Snc 744< Vhnrn jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey ms grjnd wmth g dngdey wngp`k `r wmth gkythmkf whmch ms emond t` cgusn dngth, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtn kd t` tw` yngrs `r wmth w mth amkn `r wmth d`th.

6. Rm`tmkf< (M)Dnamktm`k ^/Snc 741< Vhnknvnr a`rcn `r vm`enkcn ms usnd by gk ukegwaue gssnjbey `r by gky jnjbnr thnrn`a, mk pr`sncutm`k `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a gssnjbey, nvnry jnjbnr `a such gssnjbey ms fumet `a thn `aank cn `a rm`tmkf.

(MM)Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf.

(m) ^sn `a A`rcn `r Qm`enkcn< Thnrn just bn usn `a a`rcn `r vm`enkcn by gk ukegwaue `r gky jnjbnr thnrn`a t` c`kstmtutn gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf, mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt thn a`rcn vm`enkcn sh`ued bn dmrnctn d gfgmkst gky pgrtmcuegr pnrs`k `r `blnct.

(mm)By ^kegwaue Gssnjbey `r Gky Jnjbnr< Thn a`rcn `r vm`enkcn just bn usn by gk ukegwaue gssnjbey `r gky jnjbnr `a mt. S` t` c`kstmtutn gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf gee thn mkfrndmnkts `a snctm`k 747 knnd t` bn aueameend.

YYC

Ygfn 8

(mmm)Mk Yr`sncutm`k `a C`jj`k @blnct< Such a`rcn `r vm`enkcn sh`ued hgvn bnnk usnd mk pr`sncutm`k `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a such gssnjbey.

(MMM)Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 746< Vh`nvnr ms fumety `a rm`tmkf shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. (Mv) pukmshjnkt Vhnrn Rm`tmkf grjnd wmth g dn gdey wngp`k `r wmth gk`thnr whmch, usnd gs g wn gp`k `a `aankcn, ms emoney t` cgusn dngth, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. G pnrs`k cgkk`t bn a`ukd fumety ukdnr thms snctm`k ukenss hn gctugeey hgs g dgkfnr`us wngp`k mk hms hgkds. (YED7=87 SC281)

8. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn egw dmsc`urgfns tujuetu`us gssnjbegfn `a jnk t` prnsnrvn thn pubemc pngcn. Mt dnamkns whgt gk ukegwaue gssnjbey ms gkd pr`vmdns pukmshjnkts a`r such gk gssnjbey.

C`jj`k Mktnktm`k gkd C`jj`k @blnct W. Dnamkn gkd nxpegmk c`jj`k mktnktm`k gkd c`jj`k `blnct. Ms t hnrn gky dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk thn tw`. Ma s`, nxpegmk.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Snctm`k 34 gkd snctm`k 74= 9 a YYC njb`dmns thn ruen `a c`kstructmvn c` kstructmvn emgbmemty whmch jngks thgt g pnrs`k ms emgben a`r thn c`ksnqunkcns `a gk gct `a gk`thnr pnrs`k. But snc. 34 gkd snc. 74= sh`ued k`t bn jmxnd up t`fnthnr. Thn ruen `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k mk snc. 34 gkd c`jj`k `blnct mk snc. 74= grn k`t syk`kyj`us mk gky wgy gkd thny hgvn f`t thnmr dmstmkfumshgben angturns.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 34 a`r c`jj`k mktnktm`k Snctm`k 74= a`r c`jj`k `blnct.

3. C`jj`k Mktnktm`k< (m) Jngkmkf< ― c`jj`k mktnktm`k wmthmk thn jngkmkf `a snctm`k 34 mjpemns g prn-grrgkfnd prn-grrgkfnd pegk.

(mm) C`jj`k Mktnktm`k ^/ SNC 34< Vhnk g crmjmkge gct ms d`kn by snvnrge pnrs`ks mk aurthnrgkcn `a thn c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a gee, ngch `a such pnrs`k ms emgben a`r thgt gct mk thn sgjn jgkknr gs ma mt wnrn wn rn d`kn by hmj ge`kn.

Mkfrndmnkts @a SNC. 34<  A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a snc. 34. (m) Crmjmkge Gct< Thnrn just bn s`jn crmjmkge gct t` mkv`on snc. 34 crmjmkge gct ms `kn whmch ms pr`hmbmtnd by egw gkd ms cgrrmnd `ut mk vm`egtm`k `a thn emjmts prnscrmbnd by egw. Thn gct c`ktnjpegtnd by snc. 34 ms s`jn physmcge gct gkd jnrney g jnktge gct.

(mm) By Snvnrge Ynrs`ks< Thn crmjmkge gct just bn d`kn by snvnrge pnrs`ks. Mt jngks thgt snc. 3 4 wmee gppey `key mk cgsns whnrn thn gccusnd ms j`rn thgk `kn.

(mmm) Mk Aurthnrgkcn @a C`jj`k Mktnktm`k< Mt ms kncnssgry thgt thn t hn gct d`kn by snvnrge pnrs`ks sh`ued bn mk aurthnrgkcn `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a gee

YYC

Ygfn =

thn pnrs`ks mkv`evnd. Mt jgy bn dnvne`p nvnk gt thn spur `a thn j`jnkt `r durmkf thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk `aankcn. Ma mt ms pr`vn thgt whgt thn snvnrge gccusnd dmd grn cengrey mkdmvmduge gcts d`kn `a thnmr `wk gcc`rd rgthnr thgk gcts d`kn mk aurthnrgkcn `a g prngrrgkfnd pegk `r grrgkfnjnkt, thn emgbmemty `a ngch gkd k`t ukdnr snctm`k 34 Y.Y.C.

(MQ) Sc`pn @a Snc.34< Snctm`k 34 `a thn Y.Y.C Y .Y.C ms mktnkdnd t` jnnt g cgsn mk whmch mt jgy bn dmaamcuet t` dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk thn gcts `a mkdmvmduge jnjbnrs `a g pgrty wh` gct mk aurthnrgkcn `a thn c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a gee. M t d`ns k`t crngtn g dmstmkct `aankcn but jnrney nkukcmgtns g prmkcmpge `a l`mkt emgbmemty a`r gct d`kn mk aurthnrgkcn `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a thn `aankdnrs.(YED 7=83S. C3>)

(Q) Yr``a @a C`jj`k Mktnktm`k< Strmct pr``a `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a c`kcnrknd pnrs`ks ms k`rjgeey k`t p`ssmben but thn sgjn cgk bn c`kvnkmnktey fgthnrnd ar`j snt `a cmrcujstgkcns br`ufht a`rth mk nvnry cgsn.

4. C`jj`k @blnct ^/Snc 74=< Ma gk `aankcn ms c`jjmttnd by gky jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey mk pr`sncutm`k `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thgt gssnjbey, `r such gs thn jnjbnrs `a thgt gssnjbey oknw t` bn emoney t` bn c`jjmttnd mk pr`sncutm`k `a thgt `blnct, nvnry pnrs`k wh`, gt thn tmjn `a thn c`jjmttmkf `a thgt `aankcn ms g jnjbnr `a thn sgjn gssnjbey ms fumety `a thgt ` aankcn.

Mkfrndmnkts @a Snc74=< @aankcn ms c`jjmttnd< ―Thn w`rd `aankcn ms dnamknd mk snct 49 `a Y.Y.C gs g thmkf jgdn pukmshgben by Y.Y.C.‚ T` mkv`on Snc 74=, gk `aankcn hgs t` bn c`jjmttnd.

(mm) ^kegwaue Gssnjbey< Gcc`rdmkf t` snctm`k 747 Y.Y.C gk gssnjbey `a amvn `r j`rn pnrs`ks ms dnsmfkgtnd gk ukegwaue gssnjbey, ma thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thn pnrs`ks c`jp`smkf thgt gssnjbey ms ukegwaue.

(mmm) Jnjbnrshmp `a ^kegwaue Gssnjbey< T` mkv`on thn pr`vmsm`k `a snc. 74= jnjbnrshmp `a ukegwaue gssnjbey ms kncnssgry. Yr``a `a spncmamcs `vnrt gct `k thn pgrt `a nvnry jnjbnr ms k`t kncnssgry. kncn ssgry. Mt ms suaamcmnkt t` pr`vn thgt thn gccusnd pnrs`ks shgrnd thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thn ukegwaue gssnjbey.

(mv) Mk Yr`sncutm`k @a C`jj`k @blnct< S`jn `aankcn just bn C`jjmttnd by gky jnjbnr `a ukegwaue gssnjbey mk pr`sncutm`k `a c`jj`k `blnct `a thgt gssnjbey. Thn c`jj`k `blncts `a thn ukegwaue gssnjbey hgs t` bn mkanrrnd ar`j thn jnjbnrshmp, thn wngp`ks usnd gkd thn kgturn `a mklurmns gs wnee gs `thnr surr`ukdmkf cmrcujstgkcns.

(v) Ok`wendfn `a emonemh``d `a `aankcn bnmkf c`jjmttnd< Thn jnjbnr `a ukegwaue gssnjbey grn ges` emgben whnrn thn `aankcn wgs such gs thn jnjbnrs `a thn gssnjbey oknw t` bn emoney t` bn c` jjmttnd mk pr`sncutm`k `a thgt `blnct.

(MM) Sc`pn @a Snctm`k 74=< Snctm`k 74= Y.Y.C dnges wmth thn c`kstructmvn emgbmemty `a jnjbnrs `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey a`r thn `aankcn hgvn bnnk c`jjmttnd by `kn `a thn jnjbnrs `a thn gssnjbey. Snc. 74= ms jnrney gk n kgbemkf pr`vmsm`k gkd k`t pr`vmdn g substgktmvn `aankcn.

(MMM) Yr``a `a Snctm`k 74=< Yr`sncutm`k just pr`vn prnsnkcn gkd pgrtmcmpgtm`k `a ngch `a thn gccusnd mk ukegwaue gssnjbey a`r

YYC

Ygfn 79

c`kvmctm`k u/snc 74= Y.Y.C (7==4 SCJR >88)

>. Dmstmkctm`k Bntwnnk C`jj`k Mktnktm`k Gkd C`jj`k @blnct< A`ee`wmkf grn thn dmaanrnkcns bntwnnk snctm`k 34 gkd snc. 74=.

(M) Kujbnr @a Ynrs`ks< Snc.34 jgy gppey t` g cgsn whnrn thn cueprmts grn j`rn thgk `kn. Snc.74= cgk gppey `key t` cgsns mk whmch cueprmts grn amvn `r j`rn.

(MM) Jnntmkf @a Jmkd< Snc. 34 rnqumrns g prn-c`kcnrt `r jnntmkf `a jmkd. Snc.74= wmee gppey nvnk ma thnrn wgs k` prm`r jnntmkf `a jmkd.

(MMM) Ygrtmcmpgtm`k< Nenjnkt `a pgrtmcmpgtm`k mk gctm`k mk kncnssgry t` c`kstmtutn c `jj`k mktnktm`k. Mk Snc. 74= `key ` key jnjbnrshmp `a ukegwaue gssnjbey gt thn tmjn `a `ccurrnkcn `a `aankcn ms suaamcmnkt.

(Mv) Gs T` @aankcn< Snctm`k 34 nxp`ukds g d`ctrmkn `a crmjmkge emgbmemty gkd nvnry crmjmkge gct mk aurthnrgkcn `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k ms jgdn emgben. Snctm`k 74= gppemns t` gk `aankcn c`jjmttnd by gky jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey wh`sn c`jj`k `blnct ms `kn jnktm`knd mk Snc 747, Y.Y.C.

(vm) Yrnsnkcn @a Gccusnd< Mk Snc 34, gee thn gccusnd just bn prnsnkt `k thn sp`t. Mk snc 74=, mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt gee thn gccusnd just bn prnsnkt gt thn tmjn `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn.

(QM) Dnvne`pjnkt< C`jj`k mktnktm`k cgk bn dnvne`pnd nvnk gt t hn spur `a thn j`jnkt. C`jj`k `blnct cgkk`t dnvne`p gt thn spur `a thn j`jnkt. (QMM) Gs T` Gct D`kn< Snc. 34 wmee gppey whnrn thn c`jj`k mktnktm`k ms t` d` gk gct whmch wgs d`kn. Snc. 74= wmee gppey nvnk ma thnrn wgs k` c`jj`k mktnktm`k t` d` thn gct but mt wgs d`kn mk aurthnrgkcn `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a thn t hn ukegwaue gssnjbey.

1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy thgt b`th snctm`k 34 gkd 74= YYC jgomkf g pnrs`k vmcgrm`usey emgben a`r thn gcts `a hms c`jpgkm`ks. B`th snctm`k 34 gkd 74= cgkk`t gewgys bn pr`vnd by dmrnct nvmdnkcn agcts gkd cmrcujstgkcns `a thn cgsn.

Crmjmkge C`kspmrgcy W. Dnamkn crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy dmscuss mts omkds gkd dmstmkfumsh mt ar`j gbntjnkt. (2993)(2992)(2992/Gkkuge)(2997)(7==) W. Dnamkn crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy whgt grn mts dmaanrnkt omkds dmscuss aueey. (2994/S)(299>/G)(299>/S) 7. Mktr`ductm`k< C`kspmrgcy ms `kn `a thn a`rjs `a gbntjn kt gkd mt dmaanrs ar`j `thnr `aankcns mk thms rnspnct thgt ukemon `thnr `aankcns, thn mktnktm`k t` d` g crmjmkge gct ms mtsnea suaamcmnkt k` jgttnr whnthnr mt ms d`kn `r k`t snctm`k 729-G gkd 729-B `a Y .Y.C hgvn br`ufht thn egw `a c`kspmrgcy mk thn c`uktry mk emkn wmth thn Nkfemsh egw by jgomkf thn `vnrt gct uknssnktmge whnk thn c`kspmrgcy ms t` c`jjmt gky `aankcn.

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Ygfn 77

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 729-G, 729-B, Y.Y.C Snctm`k 727-G Y.Y.C

(M) Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 729-G< ―Vhnk tw` `r j`rn, pnrs`ks gfrnn t` d` `r cgusn t` bn d`kn< (m)gk meenfge gct. @r (mm) gk gct whmch ms k`t meenfge by meenfge jngks Such gk gfrnnjnkt ms dnsmfkgtnd g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy.‚ (MM)Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a `aankcn ` a crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy. (m) Tw` `r J`rn Ynrs`ks< Gcc`rdmkf t` snc.729-G, gt engst tw` pnrs`ks grn rnqumrnd t` c`kstmtutn thn c`kspmrgcy. @kn pnrs`k cgkk`t bn hned fumety `a c`kspmrgcy gs hn cgkk`t c`kspmrn wmth hmjsnea. Crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy gs nkvmsgfnd mk snctm`k 729-G, Y.Y.C. just bn pr`duct `a tw` c`ksnktmkf jmkds ukmkaeunkcnd by gky c`ksmdnrgtm`k `a thrngt, mktmjmdgtm`k, c`nrcm`k `r ukdun mkaeunkcn. (YED 7=6=S.C>3) (mm) Gfrnnjnkt Bntwnnk Such Ynrs`ks< Gfrnnjnkt ms k`t jnrn mktnktm`k, but gkk`ukcnjnkt gkd gccnptgkcn `a mktnktm`ks. T` c`kstmtutn g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy, thnrn just bn gk gf rnnjnkt `a tw` `r j`rn pnrs`ks t` d` gk gct whmch ms meenfge `r whmch ms t` bn d`kn by meenfge jngks. Cgsn Egw 7==8 YSC >33 Mt wgs hned thgt thn j`st mjp`rtgkt mkfrndmnkt `a thn `aankcn ms thn gfrnnjnkt bntwnnk tw` `r j`rn pnrs`ks t` d` gk meenfge gct (g) J`dn @a Gfrnnjnkt< Gfrnnjnkt jgy bn nxprnss nxprn ss `r mjpemnd `r pgrmty nxprnssnd gkd pgrtey mjpemnd. (mmm)T` d` Meenfge Gct< Thn w`rd meenfge ms dnamknd u/snc 43 Y.Y.C gs ―nvnrythmkf whmch ms gk `aankcn `r whmch ms pr`hmbmtnd by egw `r whmch aurkmshns fr`ukd a`r g cmvme gctm`k.‚ gctm`k .‚ @aankcn `a c`kspmrgcy c`jpentnd gs s``k gs gfrn njnkt t` d` gk meenfge gct ms thn uetmjgtn `blnct `a such gfrnnjnkt `r ms jnrney mkcmdnktge t` thn `blnct. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” gkd ‘B” gfrnns t` jurdnr ‘C. Thms ms gk `aankcn gkd thny grn fumety u/snc 729-G. 729-G. (mv)Enfge Gct by Meenfge Jngks< Vhnk tw` `r j`rn pnrs`ks pnr s`ks gfrnn t` d` gk gct, gct , whmch ms k`t meenfge mtsnea, jgy bn fumety `a crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy u/snc 729-G whnk thny gfrnn t` d` `r cgusn t` bn d`kn thgt gct by meenfge jngks. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G”, ‘B” gkd ‘C” gfrnn t` snee ce`thns wmth`ut pgymkf cust`j duty `k mt. Thny grn fumety u/snc 729-G. 729-G.

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Ygfn 72

Gfrnnjnkt T` C`jjmt Gk @aankcn Gkd Gfrnnjnkt Vhmch Ms Meenfge But K`t C`kstmtutn Gk @aankcn< Thn pr`vms` t` snctm`k 729-G drgws g dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk gk gfrnnjnkt t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn gkd gk gfrnnjnkt `a whmch nmthnr thn `blnct `r thn jnth`ds njpe`ynd grn meenfge but d` k`t c`kstmtutn gk `aankcn. Mk thn cgsn `a ` a a`rjnr, thn crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy ms c`jpentnd by thn gct `a gfrnnjnkt? mk thn cgsn c gsn `a thn egttnr, thnrn just bn s`jn gct d`kn by `kn `r j`rn `a thn pgrtmns t` thn gfrnnjnkt t` naanct thnrn`a m.n. Thnrn just bn gk `vnrt gct.

(MQ)Yr``a @a Crmjmkge C`kspmrgcy< C`kspmrgcy jgy bn nstgbemshnd by dmrnct `r mkdmrnct nvmdnkcn such gs cmrcujstgktmge nvmdnkcn. Nvmdnkcn knnd t` bn c`ksmdnrnd t`fnthnr gkd mts cujuegtmvn naanct t` bn wnmfhnd gkd fmvnk naanct. Gcc`rdmkf t` grtmcen 23 `a W.S.@, 7=84, Thn gct d`kn by `kn ms gdjmssmben gfgmkst thn c`-c`kspmrgt`rs.

3. Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 729-B< (m) Vh`nvnr ms g pgrty t` g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn pukmshgben wmth dngth, mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj `a tw` yngrs `r upwgrds, shgee whnrn k` nxprnss pr`v msm`k ms jgdn mk thn c`dn a`r thn pukmshjnkt `a such c`kspmrgcy, bn pukmshnd mk thn sgjn jgkknr gs ma hn hgd gbnttnd `aankcn. (mm) Vh`nvnr ms g pgrty t` g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy `thnr thgk g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn pukmshgben gs ga`rnsgmd, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj k`t nxcnndmkf smx j`kths `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th.

4. C`kspmrgcy T` C`jjmt @aankcns Yukmshgben By Snctm`k 727-G< Vh`nvnr wmthmk `r wmth`ut Ygomstgk c`kspmrns t`< (m) C`jjmt gky `a thn `aankcn pukmshgben by snc 72 7 m.n. Vgfmkf `r gttnjptmkf t` wgfn wgr `r gbnttmkf wgfmkf `a wgr gfgmkst Ygomstgk, `r (mm) Dnprmvn Ygomstgk `a thn S`vnrnmfkty `a hnr tnrrmt`rmns `r gky pgrt thnrn`a, `r (mmm) @vnrgwn (s`jnthmkf j`rn thgk jnrn gpprnhnksm`k. Mt ms g smtugtm`k whnrn `kn annes t` ch`sn bntwnnk ymnedmkf t` a`rcn `r nxp`smkf t` snrm`us dgkfnr) thn andnrge F`vt. `r gky Yr`vmkcmge F`vt. by jngks `a crmjmkge a`rcn `r sh`w `a mt. Hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth Mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman `r wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a n mthnr dnscrmptm`k whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tnk yngrs gkd shgee ges` bn emgben t` amkn.

>. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Crmjmkge C`kspmrgcy Gkd Gbntjnkt< A`ee`wmkf grn thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnn k crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy gkd gbntjnkt. (M) Fmst @a @aankcn< Thn fmst `a thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy ms g bgrn gfrnnjnkt t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn. Thn `aankcn `a gbntjnkt rnqumrns t hgt gk gct `r meenfge `jmssm`k just tgon pegcn mk pursugkcn `a thn c`kspmrgcy. (MM) A`rj< Gbntjnkt ms g t`tge c`jpentn `aankcn. C`kspmrgcy ms `kn `a thn a`rjs `a gb ntjnkt. (MMM) Yukmshjnkt< Snctm`k 79= Y.Y.C ms c`kcnrknd `key wmth t hn pukmshjnkt `a gbntjnkts a`r whmch k` nxprnss pr`vmsm`k ms jgdn ukdnr thn pnkge c`dn. G chgrfn u/snc 7=9, sh`ued thnrna`rn bn ge`kf wmth s`jn `thnr substgktmvn `aankcn c`jjmttnd mk c`ksnqunkcn `a gbntjnkt.

YYC

Ygfn 73

Thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy ms gk mkdnpnkdnkt `aankcn. M t ms jgdn pukmshgben u/snc 729-B. (MQ)Sc`pn< Gbntjnkt by c`kspmrgcy ms kgrr`w mk sc`pn. Crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy ms wmdnr mk sc`pn. 1.C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy thgt thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy ms g substgktmvn `aankcn gkd ms pukmshgben gs such. Mt hgs k`thmkf t` d` wmth gbntjnkt geth`ufh mt ms `kn `a thn wgys by whmch `aankcn `a gbntjnkt jgy bn c`jjmttnd. Mt ms wmdnr mk sc`pn gkd c`vnrs gcts whmch d` k`t gj`ukt t` gbntjnkt by c`kspmrgcy wmthmk thn jngkmkf `a snc. 796.

Thn`rmns @a Yukmshjnk Yukmshjnktt W. Dnamkn crmjmkge lustmcn0 Vhgt grn dmaanrnkt thn`rmns `a pukmshjnkt0(2992)(2997)(2997/G)(299>/G) W. Vhgt grn vgrm`us thn`rmns `a pukmshjnkt0 Dmscuss aueey.(2994/S)(2991/G)(2996/G)

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Thn j`st nssnktmge aukctm`ks `a g stgtn grn. Yrmjgrmey tw`. Vgr gkd gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn. Gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn ms cegssmamnd mkt` pgrts, cmvme lustmcn gkd crmjmkge lustmcn. Thn purp`sn ` a crmjmkge  lustmcn ms t` pukmsh thn wr`kf d`nr wh` ms pukmshnd by thn stgtn, `k thn qunstm`k whnthnr thn purp`sn `a pukmshjnkt ms thn dnsmrn t` jgon jnk bnttnr `r t` pr`tnct s`cmnty, cnrtgmk thn`rmns hgvn bnnk fmvnk by dmaanrnkt lurmsts.

2.Jngkmkf @a Yukmshjnkt< Yukmshjnkt jgy bn rnfgrdnd gs g jnt h`d `a pr`tnctmkf s`cmnty by rnducmkf thn `ccurr nkcn mt gs gk nkd mt snea.

3.Jngkmkf @a Crmjmkge Lustmcn< Crmjmkge lustmcn ms thgt whmch dnget wmthmk crmjmkge pr`cnndmkf thn `blnct `a crmjmkge lustmcn ms t` pukmshnd thn wr`kf d`nr. (M)Yurp`sn @a Crmjmkge Lustmcn< Thn purp`sn `a crmjmkge lustmcn ms t` pukmsh thn wr `kfd`nr by thn stgtn. Ar`j vnry gkcmn kt tmjns, g kujbnr `a thn`rmns hgvn bnnk fmvnk c`kcn rkmkf thn purp`sn `a pukmshjnkt whmch jgy br`gdey bn dmvmdnd mkt` cegssns. (m) Thn vmnw `a amrst cegss ms thgt, thn nkd `a crmjmkge lustmcn ms t` pr`tnct gkd gdd t` thn wneagrn `a thn stgtn gkd s`cmnty. (mm) Thn vmnw `a `thnr cegss mk thgt, purp`sn `a pukmshjnkt ms rntrmbutm`k.

4. @blnctmvns @a Yukmshjnk Yukmshjnkt< t< A`ee`wmkf grn thn `blnctmvns pukmshjnkt (m) Suprnjgcy `a egw. (mm) Jgmktnkgkcn `a pngcn mk s`cmnty. (mmm) Yukmshjnkt `a `a `aankdnr. (mv) Yr`tnctm`k `a pubemc ar`j crmjn. (v) Yr`tnctm`k `a stgtn . (vm) Yrnsnrvgtm`k `a eman. (vmm) Yr`tnctm`k `a mkdmvmduge pr`pnrty. (vmmm) ^ponnp j`rgemty gkd cueturn (mx) Yrnvnktm`k `a crmjn.

>.Thn`rmns @a Yukmshjnkt< Thnrn grn cnrtgmk thn`rmns bnhmkd thn c`kcnpt `a pukmshjnkt.

(M)Dntnrrnkt Thn`ry< Gcc`rdmkf t` thms thn`ry, thn `blnct ` blnct `a crmjmkge lustmcn mk gwgrdmkf pukmshjnkt ms t` dntnr thn pn`pen ar`j c`jjmttmkf crmjns gfgmk. Gcc`rdmkf t` Yr`a Sgej`kd< Sgej`kd<―Yukmshjnkt ―Yukmshjnkt ms bna`rn gee thn dntnrrnkt gkd

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Ygfn 74

thn chmna nkd `a thn egw `a crmjn ms t` jgon thn nvme-d`nr gk nxgjpen gkd g wgrkmkf t` gee thgt grn emonjmkdnd wmth hmj.‚ Gcc`rdmkf t` E`con< ―Thn c`jjmssm`k c`jjmssm`k `a nvnry `aankcn sh`ued bn jgdn bgrfgmk a`r thn `aankdnr<

(m)Gmj `a Yukmshjnkt< Thn gmj `a pukmshjnkt ms k`t rnvnkfn but tn rr`r. Gk nxnjpegry pukmshjnkt sh`ued bn fmvnk t` thn crmjmkges s` thgt thn `thnrs jgy en grk g enss`k ar`j hmj. Jgku stgtns< ―Ynkget ―Ynkgety y onnps thn pn`pen pn`pen ukdnr c`ktr`e.‚ t hn`ry `a pukmshjnkt mk j`dnrk tmjns. Crmtmcmsj< Thnrn ms g e`t `a crmtmcmsj `a thn dntnrrnkt thn`ry Nxcnssmvn hgrdknss `a pukmshjnkt tnkds t` dnangt mts `wk purp`sn by gr`usmkf thn syjpgthy `a thn pubemc t`wgrds th`sn wh` grn fmvnk crun e pukmshjnkts. Dntnrrnkt pukmshjnkt ms emoney t` hgrdnk thn crmjmkge mkstngd `a crngtmkf mk hmj thn angr `a egw. Yukmshjnkt e`sns mts h`rr`r `kcn thn c rmjmkge ms pukmshnd.

(MM)Yrnvnktmvn Thn`ry< Mk prnvnktmvn thn`ry, thn `aankdnr grn dmsgbend ar`j rnpngtmkf thn `aankcns by such pukmshjnkt such gs mjprms`kjnkt, dngth, nxmen ntc. Thms thn`ry d`sn k`t gct s` juch `k thn j`tmvn `a thn wr`kf-d`nr but dmsgbens hms physmcge p`wnr t` c`jjmt thn `aankcn. Yr`a. pgt`k stgtns< Thn prnvnktmvn thn`ry c`kcnktrgtns `k thn prms`knr but snnos t` prnvnkt hmj ar`j `aankdmkf gfgmk mk thn auturn. Nxgjpen< Gk nxgjpen `a prnvnktmvn pukmshjnkt ms thn cgkcneegtm`k `a thn drmvmkf emcnksns `a g pnrs`k. Crmtmcmsj< Thms thn`ry hgs bnnk crmtmcmznd `k a`ee`wmkf gspncts. Mt hgrdnks thn amrst `aankdnr by puttmkf hmj mk c`kstgkt gss`cmgtm`k wmth thn hgbmtuge `aankdnrs. Vhnk `aankdnr puts mk lgme, mt brnnds j`vn crmjn.

(MMM)Rna`rjgtmvn Thn`ry< Gcc`rdmkf t` thms thn`ry, thn `blnct ` blnct `a pukmshjnkt sh`ued bn thn rna`rj `a thn ` aankdnr. Nvnk mk hn c`jjmts g crmjn, hn d`sn k`t cngsn t` bn g hujgk bnmkf. Hn just bn nducgtnd gkd tgufht s`jn grt `a mkdustry-durmkf thn pnrm`d `a hms mjprms`kjnkt s` thgt hn jgy bn gben t` stgrt hms eman gfgmk gatnr hms rnengsn ar`j lgme. Yr`a. Lnkkmkfs Stgtnd< ―Yukmshjnkt k`t thn rnvnkfn but t` rn a`rj thn `aankdnr.‚

Crmtmcmsj< Thn vmnw `a Sgej`kd `k thn rna`rjgtm`k thn`ry t hgt ma crmjmkges grn t` bn snkt t` prms`k t` bn jngks a`rjnd mkt` f``d cmtmznks, prms`knr just bn turknd mkt` c`ja`rtgben dnvneemkf pegcn. Thn thn`ry `a rna`rjgtmvn pukmshjnkt ge`kn ms k`t suaamcmnkt gkd thnrn sh`ued bn g c`jpr`jmsn bntwnnk t hn dntnrrnkt thn`ry gkd thn rna`rjgtmvn thn`ry gkd thn dntnrrnkt thn`ry just hgvn thn egst w`rd. (MQ)Rntrmbutmvn Thn`ry< Mk prmjmtmvn tmjns, pukmshjnkt wgs jgmkey rntrmbutmvn. Thn pnrs`k wr`kfnd wgs gee`wnd t` hgvn hms rnvnkfn gfgmkst thn wr`kf-d`nr wr`kf-d`nr thn prmkcmpge `a ―gk nyn a`r gk nyn ‚g‚ t``th a`r g t``th‚ wgs rnc`fkmznd gkd a`ee`wnd. Thn pegt` wgs g supp`rtnr `a thn rntrmbutmvn thn`ry. Yr`a. ogkt Stgtnd< ―Ludmcmge ―Ludm cmge pukmshjnkt cgk knvnr snrvn jnrney gs g jngks t` aurthnr gk`thnr f``d, whnthnr a`r thn `aankdnr hmjsnea `r a`r s`cmnty, but just gewgys bn mkaemctnd `k hmj a`r thn s`en rngs`k thgt hn hgs

YYC

Ygfn 7>

c`jjmttnd g crmjn.‚ Crmtmcmsj< Crmtmcs p`mkts `ut t` pukmshjnkt mk mtsnea ms k`t g rnjndy a`r thn jmschmna c`jjmttnd by thn `aan kdnr. Mt jnrney gffrgfgtns thn jmschmna. Yukmshjnkt ms mtsnea ms gk nvme gkd cgk bn lustmamnd `key `k thn fr` ukd thgt mt ms f`mkf t` ymned bnttnr rnsuets.

(Q)Nxpmgtmvn Thn`ry< Thms thn`ry ms smjmegr t` thn mdng `a rntrmbutm`k. Nxpmgtm`k jngks thn suaanrmkf `r pukmshjnkt a`r gk `aankcn. T` suaanr pukmshjnkt ms t` pgy g dnbt dun t` thn egw thgt hgs bnnk vm`egtnd. Emeey Stgtnd< ―Thn wr`kf whnrnby hn hgs trgksfrnssnd thn egw `a rmfht, hgs mkcurrnd g dnbt. Lustmcn rnqumrns thgt thn dnbt bn pgmd, thgt thn wr`kf bn nxpmgtnd.‚

Crmtmcmsj
(QM)C`jpnksgt`ry Thn`ry< Gcc`rdmkf t` thms thn`ry, thn `blnct ` blnct `a pukmshjnkt just bn k`t jnrney t` prnvn kt aurthnr crmjns but ges` t` c`jpnksgtn thn vmctmj `a thn crmjn. Thn c`ktnktm`k ms thgt thn jgmksprmkf `a crmjmkgemty ms frnnd gkd ma thn `aankdnr ms jgdn t` rnturk thn smee-f`ttnk bnknamts `a thn crmjn, thn sprmkf `a crmjmkgemty w`ued dry up. Crmtmcmsj< Thms thn`ry hgs bnnk crmtmcmznd `k thn a`ee`wmkf p`mkts< Mt tnkds t` `vnr smjpey thn j`tmvns `a crmjn. Thn j`tmvns `a crmjn ms k`t gewgys nc`k`jmc. Nvnk mk cgsns `a `aankcns gctugtnd by nc`k`jmc j`tmvns thn nc`k`jmc p`smtm`k `a thn p``r `aankdnr jgy bn such thgt c`jpnksgtm`k jgy k`t bn gvgmegben. Ma thn `aankdnr ms g rmch pnrs`k thn pgyjnkt `a gky gj`ukt jgy bn k` pukmshjnkt a`r hmj.

(QMM)Dnkukcmgt`ry Thn`ry< Thms thn`ry nxgjmkns thn crmjn ar`j g j`rge p`mkt `a vmnw Qmnw `a E`rd Dnkkmkfs< Thn pukmshjnkt t` crmjmkge gdnqugtney rnaenct thn rnvuesm`k, hgtrnd gkd c`kdnksgtm`k just bn anet by g jgl`rmty `a c mtmznks.

(QMMM)^etmemtgrmgk Thn`ry< Thms thn`ry d`ns k`t hmfhemfht `r supp`rt gky pgrtmcuegr thn`r y, but ms `kn `a thn bmffnst thn`rmns a`r bgsms `a pukmtmvn jngsurn. Thny bnemnvn thgt pukmshjnkt ms gk mkstrujnkt a`r rnducmkf c rmjns t` jgttnr ar`j whgt gppr`gch thny grn gd`ptnd. Thnrn ms k` rnstrmctm`k t` whmch thn`ry by gppemnd, thn purp`sn ms t` gchmnvn f``d c`ksnqunkcns.

1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt g pnranct systnj `a crmjmkge lustmcn cgkk`t bn bgsnd `k gky `kn thn`ry `a pukmshjnkt. Nvnry hgs mts `wk jnrmts gkd nvnry naa`rt j ust bn jgdn t` tgon thn f``d f`` d p`mkts `a gee. Thn dntnrrnkt gspnct `a pukmshjnkt just k`t bn mfk`rnd, emonwmsn thn rna`rjgtmvn gspnct just bn fmvnk mts dun pegcn.

Trnspgss W. Nxpegmk crmjmkge trnspgss stgtmkf mt dmaanrnkt omkds. W. Dnamkn euromkf h`usn trnspgss gkd h`usn trnspgss. W. Dnamkn trnspgss whgt pukmshjnkt ms pr`vmdnd a`r thms `aankcns.

7. Mktr`ductm`k<

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Ygfn 71

Trnspgss ms gk ukegwaue mktnranrnkcn wmth `kn” s pnrs`k , pr`pnrty `r rmfhts. Gt c `jj`k egw, trnspgss wgs g ar`j `a gctm`k br`ufht t` rnc`vnr dgjgfns a`r gky mklury t` `kn” s pnrs`k `r rnegtm`kshmp wmth gk`thnr. Snctm`k 447 t` 4>1 `a Y.Y.C dnges wmth dmaanrnkt omkds `a trnspgss.

2.Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`k `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 447 gkd 466 a`r crmjmkge trnspgss Snctm`k 442 gkd 448 a`r h`usn trnspgss Snctm`k 443 gkd 4>3 a`r euromkf h`usn trnspgss.

3. Crmjmkge Trnspgss< (M)Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 447< ―Vh`nvnr nktnrs mkt` `r up`k pr`pnrty mk thn p`ssnssm`k `a gk`thnr wmth mktnkt t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn ` r t` mktmjmdgtn, mksuet `r gkk`y gky pnrs`k mk p`ssnssm`k `a such pr`pnrty `r hgvmkf egwaueey nktnrnd mkt` `r up`k such pr`pnrty ukegwaueey rnjgmks thnrn wmth mktnkt gs ga`rnsgmd, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt crmjmkge trnspgss.‚

(MM) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a snctm`k 447 . (m) Nktry mkt` Yr`pnrty mk Y`ssnssm`k `a Gk`thnr< Thnrn just bn nktry mkt` `r up`k pr`pnrty mk thn p`ssnssm`k `a gk`thnr. Nktry jgy bn gcc`jpemshnd nmthnr by physmcgeey snttmkf a``t pnrs`kgeey `r by s`jn `thn r jnth`d.

Yr`pnrty< Thn w`rd pr`pnrty mk thms snctm`k ms w mdn nk`ufh t` c`vnr j`vngben pr`pnrty mkt` `r up`k whmch mt ms p`ssmben a`r g pnrs`k t` nktnr `r up`k nktnrmkf rnjgmk, wmth mktnktm`k dnscrmbnd mk thn snctm`k.

Y`ssnssm`k `a Gk`thnr< Thn p`ssnssm`k just bn gctuge p`ssnssm`k s`jn pnrs`k `thnr thgk thn geenfnd trnspgssnr. Mt thn c`jpegmknd ms k`t mk gctuge p`ssnssm`k `a thn pr`pnrty thms `aankcn c gkk`t bn c`jjmttnd.

(mm)^kegwaue nktry `r ^kegwaueey Rnjgmkmkf Thnrn< Thn nktry jgy bn egwaue `r ukegwaue whnrn thn `rmfmkge nktry wgs egwaue m.n wmth`ut gky mktnktm`k t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn, but thn pnrs`k pnr s`k nktnrmkf rnjgmks thnrn wmth thn mktn kt spncmamnd mk thn snctm`k, hn c`jjmts crmjmkge trnspgss. (mmm)Mktnktm`k t` C`jjmt @aankcn, @aankcn, Mktmjmdgtn, Mksuet `r Gkk`y Ynrs`k mk Y`ssnssm`k< Crmjmkge trnspgss dnpnkds `k thn mktnktm`k thn `aankdnr gkd k`t up`k thn kgturn `a thn gct mktnktm`k just gewgys bn fgthnrnd ar`j thn cmrcujstgkcns `a ngch cgsn. C`jjmt gk @aankcn< Thnrn jgy bn mktnktm`k t` c`jjmt gk `aan kcn. Thn `aankcn rnanrrnd t` cgkk`t c gkk`t bn thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge trnspgss mtsnea, but just bn s`jn `thnr ` thnr `aankcn nmthnr ukdnr thn Y.Y.C `r ukdnr gky spncmge nkgctjnkt.

Mktmjmdgtn, Mksuet `r Gkk`y<

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Ygfn 76

Mktmjmdgtn jngks t` `vnr gwn `r ` r t` put mk angr by s`jn a`rcn `r thrngt `a vm`enkcn. Thn w `rd gkk`ygkcn just bn tgonk t` jngk gkk`ygkcn thgt w`ued f nknrgeey gkd rngs`kgbey gaanct gk `rdmkgry pnrs`k gkd k`t g pgrtmcuegr mkdmvmduge. Vhnrn thn mktnktm`k ms t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn `r mktmjgtn, mksuet `r gkk`y gky pnrs`k mk p`ssnssm`k mt w`ued gj`ukt t` crmjmkge trnspgss.

(MMM) @blnct @a Snc. 447< @blnct `a snctm`k 447 Y.Y.C ms t` jgmktgmk pngcn by pr`tnctmkf p`ssnssm`k mrrnspnctmvn `a tmten.(YED 7=6>SC>>1)

(MQ) Rmfht @a Yrmvgtn Dnankcn Gfgmkst Crmjmkge Trnspgss< Mk cgsn `a crmjmkge trnspgss, thn rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn c`ktmkuns s` e`kf gs thn trnspgss c`ktmkuns gkd ms c`ktr`eend by snctm`k == `a Y.Y.C Trnspgssnr `k pr`pnrty cgkk`t cegmj rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn `a hms pnrs`k ukenss hn amrst brmkfs t` gk nkd hms `wk gct `a trnspgss.(YED tr nspgss.(YED 7=83 SC 73>)

(Q) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 446< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts crmjmkge trnspgss shgee bn pukmshnd wmth< Mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tn rj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn j`kths `r Vmth amkn whmch jgy nxtnkd t` RS. 7>99, `r Vmth b`th

4. H`usn Trnspgss< (M) Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 442< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts crmjmkge trnspgss by nktnrmkf mkt` `r rnjgmkmkf mk gky bumedmkf tnkt `r vnssne usnd gs g hujgk dwneemkf `r gky bumedmkf usnd gs g pegcn a`r w`rshmp `r gs g pegcn a`r thn cust`dy `a pr`pnrty, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt h`usn trnspgss.

(MM) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a snctm`k 442 .

(m)Crmjmkge Trnspgss< H`usn trnspgss mk gk gffrgvgtnd ar`j `a crmjmkge trnspgss. Gee thn mkfrndmnkts `a crmjmkge trnspgss just bn prnsnkt t` c`kstmtutn thn t hn `aankcn `a h`usn trnspgss.

(mm)Nktry mkt` Bumedmkf, Tnkt `r Qnssne < Gcc`rdmkf t` thn nxpegkgtm`k `a snctm`k sn ctm`k 442, thn mktr`ductm`k `a gky pgrt `a thn trnspgss” s b`dy ms nktnrmkf suaamcmnkt t` c`kstmtutn h`usn trnspgss. Thn nktry just bn mk gky bumedmkf tnkt `r vnssne usnd gs g hujgk dwneemkf `r gky bumedmkf usnd gs g pegcn `a w`rshmp `r a`r thn cust` dy `a pr`pnrty. Vhgt ms bumedmkf just gewgys bn g qunstm`k `a dncrnn gkd c mrcujstgkcns, mts usuge gkd `rdmkgry jngkmkf ms gk nkce`surn `a brmco `r st`kn w`ro c`vnrnd by g r``a.

(MM) Sc`pn @a Snc. 442< Snctm`k 442 d`sn k`t c`ktnjpegtn t hn mktnkdnd `r thn pr`spnctmvn usn ` a thn bumedmkf. @key th`sn bumedmkfs agee wmthmk thn purvmnw `a thms snctm`k whmch hgvn bnnk put t` t hn usns spncmamnd mk thn snctm`k.

(MQ) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 448< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts h`usn trnspgss shgee bn pukmshnd wmth.

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Ygfn 78

Mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn yngr, `r Vmth amkn whmch jgy nxtnkd t` Rs. 3999. @r, Vmth b`th.

>. Euromkf H`usn Trnspgss< (M)Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 443< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts h`usn trnspgss hgvmkf tgonk prncgutm`k t` c`kcnge such h`usn trnspgss ar`j s`jn pnrs`k wh` hgs g rmfht t` nxceudn `r nlnct thn trnspgss ar`j thn bumedmkf, tnkt `r vnssne whmch ms thn sublnct `a thn trnspgss, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt euromkf h`usn-trnspgss.

(MM) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a snctm`k 443 . (m)H`usn-trnspgss< Thn euromkf h`usn-trnspgss ms gk gffrgvgtnd ar`j `a h`usn-trnspgss. S` t ` c`kstmtutn thms `aankcn, gee thn mkfrndmnkts `a snctm`k 442 knnd t` bn aueameend. (mm)Jgdn mk Surrnptmtm`us Jgkknr< Mk `rdnr t` c`kstmtutn thn t hn `aankcn `a euromkf h`usn-trnspgss, thn `aankdnr just hgvn tgonk prncgutm`ks t` c`kcnge such h`usn-trnspgss. (mmm)C`kcngejnkt Ar`j Ynrs`k Vh` hgs Rmfht t` Nxceudn< Thn c`kcngejnkt sh`ued bn ar`j such pnrs`k wh` hgs thn rmfht t` nxceudn `r nlnct thn trnspgssnr.

(MMM)Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 4>3< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts euromkf h`usn-trnspgss shgee bn pukmshnd wmth. (m)Mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj w hmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs gkd shgee ges` bn emgben t` amkn.

1.C`keusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy thgt trnspgss mk thn kgjn `a nvnry usurpgtm`k, h`wnvnr, semfht `a d`jmkm`k `vnr pr`pnrty, Snctm`k 447 dnamkns c rmjmkge trnspgss pukmshjnkt a`r whmch ms pr`vmdnd mk snctm`k 446. Thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge trnspgss jgy bn gffrgvgtnd by thn wgy mk whmch mt ms c`jjmttnd gkd by thn nkd a`r whmch mt ms c`jjmttnd. H`usn-trnspgss ms gk gffrgvgtnd ar`j `a crmjmkge trnspgss gkd whnk mt ms bnmkf c`jjmttnd mk g surrnptmtm`us jgkknr mt ms cgeend euromkf h`usn-trnspgss.

\mkg Gkd \mkg-Bne-Lgbrs W. dnamkcn \mkg-bme-lgbnr gkd stgtn thn pukmshjnkt pr`vmdnd a`r mt mk thn `aankcn `a \mkg `rdmkgkcn whgt pr``a ms knndnd t` mjp`sn hgdd mk such cgsn.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< \mkg jngks a`rkmcgtm`k `r gduetnry. Snxuge mktnrc`ursn k`t pnrjmttnd by Juhgjjgdgk Egw ms b`th w`rd \mkg gs dnamknd mk thn `rdmkcns c`vnrs b`th v`md gkd mrrnenfuegr jgrrmgfn. Q`md jgrrmgfn cgk agee wmthmk dnamkmtm`k `a \mkg emgben t` hgdd gkd gk mrrnfuegr jgrrmgfn cgk agee wmthmk dnamkmtm`k `a \mkg emgben t` Tgzmr.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a thn c`kcnr knd t`pmc. Snctm`k 4 t` 79 `a ` a thn `aankcn `a \mkg (Nka`rcnjnkt `a Hud``d) `rdmkgkcn QMM `a 7=6=.

3. @aankcn @a \mkg<

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Ygfn 7=

(M) Fnknrge Jngkmkf< Gcc`rdmkf t` hgkgams, \mkg jngks mktnrc`ursn wmth`ut jmeo(`wknrshmp) `r shubgt jmeo.

(MM)Jngkmkf ^/Snc 4< G jgk gkd g w`jgk grn sgmd t` c`jjmt \mkg, ma thny wmeeaueey hgvn snxuge mktnrc`ursn wmth`ut bnmkf vgemdey jgrrmnd t` ngch `thnr.‚

(MMM) Mkfrndmnkts @a @aankcn @a \mkg< A`ee`wmkf mkfrndmnkts just bn pr`vn mk `rdnr t` sncurn thn c`kvmctm`k `a gk gccusnd pnr s`k a`r thn `aankcn `a \mkg. (m)Bntwnnk @pp`smtn Snxns< Thnrn sh`ued bn g jgk gkd g w`jgk. Thms `aankcn ms k`t p`ssmben bntwnnk hujgk bnmkf bne`kfmkf t` thn sgjn snx `r bnmkf snxenss. (mm) K`t Qgemdey Jgrrmnd< Thnrn just k`t bn g vgemd jgrrmnd bntwnnk such jgk gkd g w`jgk. Thn nx prnssm`k vgemd jgrrmgfn wmee mjpey thn rnqumrnjnkts `a such jgrrmgfn gs rnqumrnd ukdnr Juhgjjgdgk Egw. (mmm)Snxuge Mktnrc`ursn< G jgk gkd g w`jgk sh`ued hgvn c`jjmttnd snxuge mktnrc`ursn w mth ngch `thnr. \mkg ms c`jpentn ma thnrn ms snxuge mktnrc`ursn wmth`ut vgemd jgrrmgfn (7=8= YCR E L868) Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k `a snctm`k 4 pnkntrgt m`k ms suaamcmnkt t` c`kstmtutn thn snxuge mktnrc`ursn. Ynkntrgtm`k jngks nktnrmkf `a thn jgen `rfgk mkt` thn vgfmkg a`r thn `aankcn `a \mkg.(7=8> YCRE L 779) (mv)Vmeeaueey< G jgk gkd g w`jgk just c`jjmt snxuge mktnrc`ursn wmeeaueey. Vmeeaueey smfkmay gk gct d`kn by dnsmfk wmth snt purp`sn. (YED 7=8>ASC 721) (MQ) \mkg ms emgben t` hgdd, ma mt ms c`jjmttnd by g jgk `r g w`jgk wh` ms. (m)Gk gduet, gkd gcc`rdmkf t` snctm`k 2(g) gduet jngks g pn rs`k wh` hgs gttgmknd. g. Ma jgen, nmfhtnnk yngrs `a gfn. b. Ma anjgen, smxtnnk yngrs `a gfn `r pubnrty. (mm)K`t Mksgkn (mmm)Vmth thn w`jgk `r jgk gs thn cgsn bn, t` wh`j hn `r shn ms k`t gkd d`sn k`t suspnct t` bn jgrrmnd.

(Q)Yukmshjnkt @a \mkg ^/Snc >(2)< Vh`nvnr ms fumety `a \mkg emgben t` hgdd shgee bn pukmshnd gs ukdnr. (m)Ma Jusgk< Ma hn `r shn ms g Juhsgk, bn st`kknd t` dngth gt g pubemc pegcn. (mm)Ma k`t Jusgk< Ma hn `r shn k`t g juhsgk, bn pukmshnd gt g pubemc pegcn whmt whmppmkf kujbnrmkf `kn hukdrnd strmpns. Jngkmkf `a Juhsgk< Gcc`rdmkf t` snctm`k2(g), Juhsgk jngks gk gduet Jusemj jgk `r w`jgk wh` ms k`t mksgkn gkd hgs hgd snxuge mktnrc`ursn wmth g Jusemj gduet, wh` gt thn tmjn hn `r shn hgd snxuge sn xuge mktnrc`ursn wmth hnr `r hmj wgs jgrrmnd t` hmj `r hnr gkd wgs k`t mksgkn. Mk `thnr w`rds Juhsgk jngks g jgrrmnd j nk `r w`jgk. C`kamrjgtm`k `a C`urt `a Gppnge<

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Ygfn 29

Yukmshjnkt `a hgdd shgee bn nxncutnd `key whnk mt ms c`kamrj by t hn c`urt `a gppnge.

4.@aankcn @a \mkg-Bme-Lgbr ^/Snc 1< G pnrs`k ms sgmd c`jjmt \mkg-bme-lgbr ma hn `r shn hgs snxuge mktnrc`ursn wmth g w`jgk `r jgk, gs thn cgsn jgy bn t` whnk hn `r shn ms k`t vgemdey jgrrmnd, ukdnr gky `a t hn a`ee`wmkf cmrcujstgkcns. m. Gfgmkst thn wmee `a thn vmctmj mm. Vmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a thn vmctmj mmm. Vmth thn c`ksnkt `a thn vmctmj whn k thn c`ksnkt hgs bnnk `btgmknd by puttmkf thn v mctmj mk angr `a dngth `r hurt. mv. Vmth thn c`ksnkt `a thn vmctmj, whnk thn c`ksnkt ms fmvnk ukdnr jmstgon bnemnvmkf thgt thn `aankdnr ms gk`thnr pnrs`k t` wh`j vmctmj ms vgemdey jgrrmnd gkd thn `aankdnr ok`ws thgt hn ms k`t vgemdey jgrrmnd t` thn vmctmj.

(M) \MKG-Bme-Lgbr Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc 1(2)< \mkg-bme-lgbnr ms emgben t` hgdd ma mt ms c`jjmttnd by g jgk `r w`jgk wh` ms. m. Gk gduet mm. K`t mksgkn mmm. Vmth g w`jgk `r jgk, gs t hn cgsn jgy bn, t` wh`j hn `r shn ms k`t gkd d`sn k`t suspnct t` bn jgrrmnd.

(MM)Yukmshjnkt @a \mkg-Bme-Lgbr ^/snc 1(3)< Vh`nvnr ms fumety `a \mkg-bme-lgbr emgben t` hgdd, shgee bn pukmshnd gs ukdnr. (m)Ma Juhsgk< Ma hn `r shn ms Jushgk bn st`kknd t` dngth gt g pubemc pegcn. (mm)Ma K`t Juhsgk< Ma hn `r shn ms k`t Juhsgk, bn pukmshnd wmth whmppmkf kujbnrmkf `kn hukdrnd strmpns gt g pubemc pegcn gkd wmth such `thnr pukmshjnkt mkceudmkf thn snktnkcn `a dngth gs thn c`urt jgy dnnj amt hgvmkf rnfgrd t` thn cmrcujstgkcns `a thn cgsn.

C`kamrjgtm`k `a C`urt @a Gppnge< Yukmshjnkt `a hgdd shgee bn nxncutnd `key whnk mt ms c`kamrj by t hn c`urt `a gppnge.

>. Yukmshjnkt @a \mkg @r \mkg-Bme-Lsbr Vhnrn C`kvmct Ms K`t Gduet ^/Snc 6 < Vh`nvnr, wh` ms k`t gk gduet, ms fumety `a \mkg `r \mkg-bme-lgbr bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy n xtnkd t` amvn yngrs `r wmth amkn ` r wmth b`th gkd jgy ges` bn gwgrdnd thn pukmshjnkt `a whmppmkf k`t nxcnndmkf thmrty strmpns gkd mk thn cgsn `a \mkg-bme-lgbr, ma thn `aankdnr ms k`t ukdnr thn gfn `a ` a 7> yngrs, thn pukmshjnkt `a whmppmkf just bn gwgrdnd.

1. Yr``a @a \mkg @r \mkg-Bme-Lgbr Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc 8< \mkg `r \mkg-bme-lgbr emgben t` hgdd shgee bn pr`vnd mk gky `kn `a thn a`ee`wmkf a`rjs. (M)c`kanssm`k< Thn gccusnd jgons bna`rn g c`urt `a c`jpntnkt lurmsdmctm`k g c`kanssm`k `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn.

(MM)By Nvmdnkcn @a Vmtknssns< Mt jgy bn pr`vnd by thn nvmdnkcn `a gt-engst a`ur wmtknssns, wh` fmvn nvmdnkcn gs nyn-wmtknssns `a thn gct `a pnkntrgtm`k.

m. Rnqumrnjnkts Rnfgrdmkf Vmtknssns<

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Ygfn 27

Vmtknssns just bn jgen Thny just bn gduet Thny just bn Jusemj but ma gccusnd ms k`k-Jusemj, thn nyn-wmtknssns jgy bn k`k-Jusemj. Thn c`urt just bn sgtmsamnd gb`ut thnj hgvmkf rnf grd t` thn rnqumrnjnkts `a tgzomygh-ge-shgh``d(j`dn `a mkqumry gd`ptnd by g c`urt t` sgt msay mtsnea gs t` thn crndmbmemty `a g wmtknss)thgt thny grn Truthaue Gbstgmk ar`j jgl`r smks

6. \mkg `r \mkg-Bme-Lgbr Emgben T` Tgzmr ^/Snc 79< Vhnk \mkg `r \mkg-bme-lgbr (m) ms k`t emgben t` hgdd `r (mm) k`t pr`vnd ukdnr snctm`k 8 `r thn pukmshjnkt `a Wgza emgben t` hgdd ms k`t gwgrdnd t` t hn c`jpegmkgkt, `r (mmm) a`r whmch hgdd jgy k`t bn nka`rcnd ukdnr thms `rdmkgkcn. Mt ms emgben t` tgzmr. (M)Yusmshjnkt @a \mkg Emgben T` Tgzmr< \mkg emgben t` tgzmr shgee bn pukmshnd wmth rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tn rj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk a`ur yngrs k`r j`rn thgk t hgk tnk yngrs gkd wmth whmppmkf kujbnrmkf thmrty strmpns gkd shgee ges` bn emgben t` amkn.

(MM)Yukmshjnkt @a \mkg-Bme-Lgbr Emgben T` Tgzmr< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts \mkg-bme-lgbr emgben t` tgzmr, shgee pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk a`urs yngrs k`r j`rn thgk twnkty amvn yngrs gkd shgee ges` bn gwgrdnd thn pukmshjnkt `a whmppmkf kujbnrmkf thmrty strmpns.

(m) Vhnk C`jjmttnd by Tw` `r J`rn Ynrs`k< Vhnk \kg-be-lgbr t` tgzmr ms c`jjmttnd by tw` `r j`rn pnrs`k mk aurthnrgkcn `a c`jj`k mktnktm`k `a gee, ngch `a such pnrs`k shgee bn pukmshnd wmth dngth.

8. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt whnk g jgk gkd g w`jgk wh` grn k`t vgemdey jgrrmnd t` ngch `thnr wmeeaueey c`jjmt snxuge mktnrc`ursn, thny shgee bn dnnjnd t` hgvn c`jjmttnd thn `aankcn `a \mkg. Mt ms g wmdnr tnrj gkd mkceudns b`th a`rkmcgtm`k gkd gduetnry gkd whnk mt ms c`jjmttnd ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns gkd whnk snc. 1, mt bnc`jns j`rn snrm`us `aankcn.

Thnat Emgben T` Hgdd W. Dnamkn thnat gkd nxpegmk whnk mt ms emgben t` hgdd0 Vhgt pr``a ms rnqumrnd a`r mt.

W. Dnamkn

thnat emgben t` hgdd. H`w mt ms pr`vnd.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Mk Msegjmc egw, thnat smfkmamns thn tgomkf gwgy thn pr`pnrty `a gk`thnr mk g sncrnt jgkknr gt g tmjn whnk such pr`pnrty ms gk cust`dy gkd thn vgeun ` a such ms k`t enss thgk thn prnscrmbnd prn scrmbnd kmsgb. Thn H`ey Wurgk mk Surg-Ge-Jgmdg pr`vmdns pukmshjnkt a`r such `aankcn gkd mt ms ges` jgdn pukmshgben ukdnr thn hud``d `rdmkgkcn.

2.Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks<

YYC

Ygfn 22

A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a ― Nka`rcnjnkt ` a Hud``d @rdmkgkcn QM `a 7=6=‚. Rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 4 t` = `a Nka`rcnjnkt `a Huddnd `rdmkgkcn QM `a 7==6.

3. Omkds @a Thnat< Thnrn grn tw` omkds `a thnat< (m) Thnat emgben t` Hgdd (mm) Thnat emgben t` Tgzmr

4. Thnat Emgben T` Hgdd< (M) Dnamkmtm`k Emgben ^/Snc >< Vh`nvnr, bnmkf gk gduet, surrnptmtm`usey c`jjmts, ar`j gky hmrz thnat `a pr`pnrty `a thn vgeun `a thn kmsgb `r j`rn, k`t bnmkf st`enk pr`pnrty ms sgmd t` c`jjmt thnat emgben t` hgdd‚.

(MM) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmges `a thnat emgben t` hgdd. (m)Gduet @aankdnr< Thn `aankdnr just bn gk gduet pnrs`k. u/snc 2(g)< gduet jngks g pnrs`k wh` hgs gttgmknd thn gfn `a nmfhtnnk yngrs `a pubnrty. (mm)Surrnptmtm`usey C`jjmts< @aankcn `a thnat emgben t` hgdd just bn c`jjmttnd surrnptmtm`usey. Gcc`rdmkf t` Nxpegkgtm`k 2 `a snc. >, mt jngks thgt thn pnrs`k c`jjmttmkf t hn thnat c`jjmts mt bnemnvmkf thgt thn vmctmj `a thnat d`ns k`t ok`w `a hms gctm`k. C`ktmkugkcn `a Surrnptm`k< A`r surrnptmtm`us rnj`vge `a pr`pnrty, mt ms kncnssgry Ma mt ms dgy, tmjn surrnptm`k surrn ptm`k sh`ued c`ktmkun tmee thn c`jpentm`k `a thn `aankcn, gkd Ma mt ms kmfht, surrnptm`k knnd k`t c`ktmkun gatnr c`jjnkcnjnkt `a thn ` aankcn.

(mmm)Rnj`vge Ar`j Hmrz< Thn pr`pnrty just bn rnj`vnd ar`j gky hmrz. Jngkmkf `a Hmrz< Emtnrgeey hmnz jngks prncgutm`k gkd pr`tnctmk. ^/snc2(d)<―Hmrz ^/snc2(d)< ―Hmrz jngks gk grrgkfnjnkt jgdn a`r t hn cust`dy `a pr`pnrty.‚ Gcc`rdmkf t` Nxpegkgtm`k 7 `a snc. 2, mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt thn f``ds mk hmrz bn c`kamknd mk g bumedmkf `r g mk g e`cond h`usn. Frgzmkf cgtt en ukdnr thn cust`dy `a thn hnr dsjgk grn c`ksmdnrnd ukdnr hms hmrz. Ma gky `a thn cgtten ms st`enk, mt wmee bn dnnjnd t` bn g thnat ar`j hmrz.

(mv)Qgeun `a St`enk Yr`pnrty< Thn pr`pnrty just bn kmsgb gs egmd d`wk mk snc tm`k 1. ^/snc 1.Thn kmsgb a`r thnat emgben t` hgdd ms 4. 4>6 frgjs `a f`ed. Gcc`rdmkf t ` nxpegkgtm`k t` snctm`k 1, Ma thnat ms c`jjmttnd ar`j thn sgjn hmrzn mk j`rn thnk `kn trgksgctm`k t rgksgctm`k `r ar`j j`rn thgk `kn hmrz gkd thn vgeun `a st`enk pr`pnrty mk ngch cgsn ma thn enss thgk kmsgb, mt ms k`t emgben t` hgdd nvnk th`ufh thn vgeun `a thn pr`pnrtmns rnj`vnd n xcnnds thn kmsgb, ma c`eenctnd. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” nktnrs g h`usn snvnrge tmjns gkd rnj`vns ar`j thn h`usn `k ngc h `ccgsm`k pr`pnrty, thn vgeun `a

YYC

Ygfn 23

whmch d`ns k`t gj`ukt t` thn kmsgb. Such t hnat ms k`t emgben t` hgdd nvnk th`ufh thn v geun `a thn pr`pnrtmns rnj`vnd nxcnnds thn kmsgb, ma c`eenctnd. (v) K`t Bnmkf g St`enk Yr`pnrty< Mt just k`t bn g st`enk pr`pnrty m.n. just k`t bn gcqumrnd by jngks `a t hnat. Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 7 `a snctm`k >, st`enk pr`pnrty d`ns k`t mkceudn pr`pnrty whmch hgs bnnk crmjmkgeey jmsgppr`prmgtnd `r mk rnspnct `a whmch crmjmkge brngch `a trust hgs bnnk c`jjmttnd. (vm)Ok`wendfn `a Gccusnd< Gccusnd just bn gwgrn thgt t hgt thn pr`pnrty st`enk by hmj ms nmthnr nqumvgenkt `r nxcnndmkf emjmt `a kmsgb.

>.Yr``a @a Thnat Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc 6< Thn pr``a `a thnat emgben t` hgdd shgee bn mk `kn `a thn a`ee`wmkf a`rjs. (M)C`kanssm`k< Vhnrn thn gccusnd pengds fumety `a t hn c`jjmssm`k `a thnat emgben t` hgdd thnk hn shgee bn emgben t` hgdd. ―Fhuegj Hgbmb Qs. stgtn (7==4)‚ ―C`kanssm`k mk g thnat cgsn w`ued bn j gtnrmge `key ma jgdn bna`rn thn trmge c`urt.‚ (MM)By Nvmdnkcn @a Vmtknssns< Thnat emgben t` hgdd jgy bn pr`vnd by thn nvmdnkcn `a gt-engst tw` nyn wmtknssns. Cgsn Egw 2994 Y. cr. E. L 28> Mt wgs hned thgt gk gccusnd pnrs`k ms prnsujnd t` bn mkk`cnkt ukemt hms fumet ms pr`vnd. Vmtknssns just bn jgen Thny just bn Jusemj, but ma thn gccusnd mk k`k-Jusemj thn wmtknssns jgy bn k`k-Jusemj. Thny just bn gduet Thny just k`t bn thn vmctmj `a thn thnat Thn c`urt just bn sgtmsamnd gb`ut thnj hgvmkf rnfgrd t` thn rnqumrnjnkts `a tgzomyg-ge-shuh``d(mkqumry gd`ptnd by thn c`urt t` sgtmsay mtsnea t` thn crndmbmemty `a g wmtknss) thgt thny grn< Truthaue pnrs`ks, gkd Gbstgmk ar`j jgl`r smks

1.Thnat By J`rn Thgk @kn Ynrs`k ^/Snc 8< Vhnrn thnat emgben t` hgdd ms c`jjmttnd by j`rn thgk `kn pnrs`k gkd thn gffr nfgtn vgeun `a thn st`enk pr`pnrty ms such thgt, ma thn pr`pnrty ms dmvmdnd nqugeey gj`kf thnj, ngch `kn `a thnj fnts g shgrn whmch gj`ukts t` `r nxcnnds thn t hn kmsgb, thn hgdd shgee bn mjp`snd `k ngch `a thnj.

6. Yukmshjnkt A`r Thnat Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc =< H`wnvnr c`jjmts thnat emgben t` hgdd shgee bn pukmshnd wmth. (m)Gjputgtm`k `a hms rmfht hgkd ar`j thn l`mkt `a thn wrmst, ma mt ms c`jjmttnd a`r amrst tmjn. (mm) Gjputgtm`k `a hms enat a``t up t` thn g koen, ma mt ms c`jjmttnd a`r thn snc`kd tmjn. (mmm)Mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman, ma mt ms c`jjmttnd thmrd tmjn `r gky tmjn subsnqunkt thnrnt` . C`kamrjgtm`k by C`urt Gppnge< Yukmshjnkt `a hgdd shgee k`t bn nxcutnd ukenss mt ms c`kamrjnd by thn c`urt t` whmch gk gppnge g ppnge ar`j thn

YYC

Ygfn 24

`rdnr `a thn c`kvmctm`k emsn. Y`stp`knjnkt `a Hgdd. Hgdd shgee bn p`stp`knd ma thn guth`rmznd jndmcge `aamcnr ms `a thn `pmkm`k thgt thn gjputgtm`k `a hgkd `r a``t jgy cgusn thn dngth `a thn c`kvmct, uktme thn gpprnhnksm`k `a dngth c ngsns.

8. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thnat emgben t` hgdd wmee bn c`jjmttnd whnk pr`pnrty ms stngethmey tgonk gwgy ar`j thn cust`dy `a thgt pnrs`k `r g pnrs`k ukdnr wh`sn hmrz thn pr`pnrty wgs, gkd t hn vgeun `a thgt pr`pnrty wgs k`t enss thgk thn prnscrmbnd kmsgb. Crmjn `a thnat rnprnsnkt thn j`st snrm`us crmjn gfgmkst pr`pnrty gkd by snvnrmkf thn hgkd `a thn r`bbnr. Msegj fnts t` thn r``t `a nvme gkd pr`tncts s`cmnty ar`j thn dnstructm`k.

Thnat Gkd Crmjmkge Brngch @a Trust T rust Dnamkn gkd dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk thnat gkd crmjmkge brngch `a trust.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Thnat gkd crmjmkge brngth `a trust grn `aankcn gfgmkst pr`pnrty. Mk thnat, thn pr`pnrty ms tgonk `ut `a thn p`ssnssm`k `a gkthnr pnrs`k wmth`ut hms c`ksnkt whmen mk crmjmkge brngch `a t rust, mt ms thn jmsusn `r dmsp`sns `a pr`pnrty wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a rn ge `wknr.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf t hn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 368 gkd 36= a`r thnat Snctm`k 49> gkd 491 a`r crmjmkge brngch `a trust. 3. Thnat ^/Snc 368< Vh`nvnr, mktnkdmkf t` tgon dmsh`knstey gky j`vngben pr`pnrty `ut `a thn p`ssnssm`k `a gky pnrs`k wmth`ut thgt pnrs`k” s c`ksnkt, j`vns thgt pr` pnrty mk `rdnr t` such tgomkf, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt thnat.‚

(M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Thnat< Mk `rdnr t` c`kstmtutn c` kstmtutn thnat, a`ee`wmkf agct`rs grn nssnktmge. (m) Dmsh`knst Mktnktm`k< Thnrn just bn dmsh`knst mktnktm`k t` tgon pr`pnrty. Vhnrn thn cmrcujstgkcns sh`w thgt thn b`kgamdn cegmj `r rmfht, mt ms k`t thnat, (mm) J`vgben Yr`pnrty< Thn pr`pnrty just bn j`vngben t` c`kstmtutn thn `aankcn `a thnat. Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 7 t` snc 368, g thmkf s` e`kf gs mt ms gttgchnd t` thn ngrth ms k`t thn sublnct `a thnat but mt bnc`jns cgpgben `a bnmkf sublnct `a thnat gs s``k gs mt ms snvnrnd a`rj thn ngrth. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” cuts d`wk g trnn tr nn `k \”s fr`ukd wmth thn mktnktm`k `a dmsh`knstey tgomkf thn trnn `ut `a ‘\” s p`ssnssm`k wmth`ut hms c`ksnkt. Hnrn gs s``k gs ‘G” hgs snvnrn d thn trnn uk `rdnr t` t ` such tgomkf, hn hgs c`jjmttnd thnat. (mmm)Y`ssnssm`k `a @thnr pnrs`k< Thn pr`pnrty sh`ued bn mk p`ssnssm`k `a gk`thnr pnrs`k gkd mt sh`ued bn tgonk `ut `a hms p`ssnssm`k. Thnrn ms k`t thnat `a wmed w med gkmjges, bmrds `r amsh whmen gt egrfn, but thnrn ms g thnat `a tgjnd `a tgjnd gkmjges. (mv)J`vmkf `r Rnj`vge `a Yr`pnrty<

YYC

Ygfn 2>

Thnrn just bn s`jn rnj`vge `a thn pr`pnrty mk nxpegkgtm`k 3 `a Snc 368 , g pnrs`k ms sgmd t` cgusn g thmkf t` j`vn by rnj`vmkf gk `bstgcen whmch prnvn ktnd mt ar`j j`vmkf `r by snpgrgtmkf mt a`rj gky `thnr thmkfs gs wnee gs by gctugeey j`vmkf mt g. J`vmkf gk Gkmjge< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 4 9a Sn ctm`k 368, g pnrs`k wh` gky jngks cgusns gk gkmjge t` j`vn ms sgmd t` j`vn thgt gkmjge gkd t` j`vn nvnry thmkf whmch mk c`ksnqunkcn `a thn j`tm`k s` c gusnd, ms j`vnd by thgt gkmjge. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” puts g bgmt a`r d`fs mk hms p`conts gkd thus mkducns \” s d`f t` a`ee`w mt. Hnrn ma G” s mktnktm`k bn dmsh`knstey t` tgon thn d`f `ut `a \”s p`ssnssm`k wmth`ut hms c`ksnkt. Hn c`jjmttnd thnat gs s``k gs \” s d`f hgs bnfuk t` a`ee`w hmj. (v) Vmth`ut C`ksnkt `a Y`ssnssm`k < Thn thmkf just j`vnd wmth`ut c`ksnkt `a thn p`ssnss`r. Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k > `a snctm`k 368 thn c`ksnkt jgy bn nxprnss `r mjpemnd gkd jgy bn fmvnk nmthnr by thn pnrs`k mk p`ssnssm`k `r by gky pnrs`k hgvmkf a`r thgt purp`sn guth`rmty nmthnr nxprnss `r mjpemnd. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” g armnkd `a ‘\” ‘ \” f`ns t` thms embrgry mk thms gbsnkcn gkd tgons gwgy g b``o wmth`ut hms nxprnss c`ksnkt a`r thn purp`sn `a jnrney rngdmkf mt. Gkd wmth thn mktnktm`k `a mktnktm`k `a rnturkmkf mt Hnrn ma ‘G” mjprnssm`k ms thgt hn hgd \” \ ” s mjpemnd c`ksnkt t` usn ‘\” s b``o hn hgs k`t c`jjmttnd thnat.

(MM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 3=6< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts thnat shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th.

4. Crmjmkge Brngch @a Trust ^/Snc 49>< G pnrs`k c`jjmts crmjmkge brngch `a trust ma hn bnmkf mk gky jgkknr nktrustnd wmth pr`pnrty `r wmth jy d`jmkm`k `vnr pr`pnrty, dmsh`knstey jmsgppr`prmgtns `r c`kvnrts t` hms `wk usn thgt pr`pnrty ` r dmsh`knstey usns `r dmsp`sns `a thgt pr`pnrty mk vm`egtm`k `a gky dmrnctm`k `a egw prn scrmbmkf thn j`dn mk whmch such trust ms t` bn dmschgrfnd. @r `a jy enfge c`ktrgct, nxprnss `r mjpemnd whmch hn hgs jgdn t`uchmkf thn dmschgrfn `a such trust `r wmee auee suaanrs gky `thnr pnrs`k t` d` s`. Cgsn Egw SCJR 7=89 492 T` nstgbemst thn chgrfn `a crmjmkge brn gch `a trust thn pr`sncutm`k just pr`vn k`t ` key nktrustjnkt but ges` thgt thn gccusn dmsh`knstey jmsgppr`prmgtnd thn pr`pnrty. (M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Snctm`k 49>< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a cr mjmkge brngch `a trust. (m) Nktrustnd t` Ynrs`k Yr`pnrty< Nktrustjnkt ms gk nssnktmge nenjnkt `a thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge brngch `a trust. Mt jgy hgvn dmaanrnkt mjpemcgtm`k mk dmaanrnkt c`ktnxts. Mk mts j`st fnknrge smfkmamcgkcn , mt jngks hgkdmkf `vnr thn p`ssnssm`k a`r s`jn purp`sns. Nktrustjnkt `a pr`pnrty gkd agmeurn `a thn gccusnd t` gcc`ukt `a thn sgkn ms suaamcmnkt t` mkanr thgt thn gccusnd c`jjmttnd thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge brngch `a tr ust. (mmm)Dmsh`knstey Jmsgppr`prmgtm`k `r C`kvnrtmkf thgt Yr`pnrty< @aankcn `a crmjmkge brngch `a tr ust w`red k`t bn jgdn `ut whnk thnrn ms k` jgtnrmge t` substgktmvn geenfgtm`k `a dmsh`knst jmsgppr`prmgtm`k `r c`kvnrtm`k t` `kn” s `wk usn `a thgt pr`pnrey.

YYC

Ygfn 21

(mmm)Dmsh`knstey ^sn `r Dmsp`sge `a Yr`pnrty< G crmjmkge brngch `a trust jgy bn c`jjmttnd by g pnrs`k wh` dmsh`knstey usns dmsp`sns `a thgt pr`pnrty `r wmee auee suaanrs gky `thnr pnrs`k s` t` d` mk vm`egtm`k. g. @a gky dmrnctm`k `a egw prnscrmbmkf thn j`dn mk whmch such trust ms t` bn dmschgrfnd. b. @a gky enfge c`ktrgct jgdn t` uchmkf thn dmschgrfn `a such trust. Meeustrgtm`k < ‘G” bnmkf nxncut`r t` thn wmee `a g dncngsnd pnrs`k, dmsh`knstey dms`bnys thn egw whmch dmrncts hmj t` dmvmdn thn naancts gcc`rdmkf t` thn wmee gkd gppr`prmgtns thnj t` hms `wk usn.” G ‘ hgs c`jjmttnd brngch `a trust. (MM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 491< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts crmjmkge brngch `a trust shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a n mthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` snvnk yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th.

>. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Thnat Gkd Crmjmkge Brngch @a Trust< (M) J`dn @a Gcqumstm`k< Mk thnat, pr`pnrty ms gcqumrnd wmth`ut t hn c`ksnkt `a thn `wknr. Mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust pr`pnrty ms gcqumrnd wmth thn c`ksnkt `a thn `wknr . (MM)Gs T` Mktnktm`k< Mk thnat, thn dmsh`knst mktnktm`k t` tgon pr`pnrty nxmsts gt thn tmjn `a such tgomkf. Mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust, thgt mktnktm`k jgy gcqumrn subsnqunktey t` thn gcqumsmtm`k `a pr`pnrty. (MMM) Gs T` Y`ssnssm`k @a Yr`pnrty< Mk thnat, thnrn ms k` prm`r p`ssnssm`k `a pr`pnrty, thn `aankcn ms c`jpentnd gs s``k gs thn pr`pnrty ms dmsh`knstey tgonk gwgy. Mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust, thn `aankdnr prm`r t` thn `aankcn ms hmjsnea mk p`ssnssm`k `a thn pr`pnrty gkd thn `aankcn ms c`jpentnd whnk hn dmsh`knstey c`kvnrts thn sgjn t` hms `wk usn. (MQ) Kgturn @a Yr`pnrty< Mk thnat, thn pr`pnrty mkv`evnd ms g j`vngben pr`pnrty. Mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust, mt jgy bn gky pr`pnrty m. n . j`vngben `r mjj`vngben. (Q) Mk thnat, thnrn ms k`t rnegtm`k nxmsts bntwnnk thn `aankdnr gkd thn `wknr Mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust, thnr n ms sgjn s`rt, `a rnegtm`kshmp rn egtm`kshmp nxmsts bntwnnk thn `aankdnr gkd thn `wknr gkd thn pr`pnrty ms fmvnk `k trust ` r rncnmvnd `k `kn ‘ s bnhgea. (QM) Thn pukmshjnkt a`r thnat ms thrnn y ngrs mjprms`kjnkt `r amkn `r b`th. Thn pukmshjnkt a`r crmjmkge brngth `a trust ms mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` snvnk yngrs `r amkn `r b`th.

1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn. M cgk sgy thgt thn `aankcn `a crmjmkge brngch `a trust ms gomk t` thnat but dmaanrs a`rj mt mk mjp`rtgkt rnspncts. B`th thnsn `aankcns grn gfgmkst pr`pnrty but mk crmjmkge brngch `a trust thn rn just bn nktrustjnkt `a pr`pnrty whmch ms k`t thn nenjnkt `a thnat.

Substgktmvn Gkd Yr`cndurge Egw W. Nxpegmk thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk substgktmvn egw gkd egw `a pr`cndurn.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< Stgtutn egw ms nmthnr substgktmvn `r pr`cndurge. Substgktmvn egw c`kanrs thn rmfhts gkd pr`cndurge ms thn

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j`dn by whmch g enfge rmfht ms nka`rcnd. Thn dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk substgktmvn gkd pr`cndurge egw ms drgwk by ngch enfge systnj ge`kf thn emkns `a nxpndmnkcy gkd k`t mk thn sgjn pegcn a`r gee purp`sns. Thn dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk thnsn tw` ms vnry mjp`rtgkt gs nvnry egwynr hgs t` fnt mk t`uch wmth thnj mk hms dgmey r`utmkn. 2. Egw @a Yr`cndurn< (M)Dnamkmtm`k (m)Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd< ―Thn egw `a pr`cndurn jgy bn dnamknd gs thgt brgkch `a egw w hmch f`vnrks thn pr`cnss `a emtmfgtm`k. Mt ms thn egw `a gctm`ks gkd mkceudns gee enfge pr`cnn dmkfs whnthnr cmvme `r crmjmkge. Crmtmcmsj< Sgej`kd hgs mfk`rnd thgt enss spnctgcuegr gkd ukgttrgctmvn smdn ` a pr`cndurge egw, whmch f`ns ukdnr thn kgjn `a ‚C`kvnygkcmkf‚ such gs drgwmkf sgen dnnds, pgrtknrshmp dnn ds, chnqusn gkd `thnr bmees `a nxchgkfn. (MM)Nenjnkts @a Yrcndurge Egw< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nenjnkts `a ludmcmge pr`cndurn `r pr`cndurge egw. (m) Sujj`ks< Thms ms fmvn gk `pp`rtukmty t` gee thn pgrtmns mktnrnstnd, t` prnsnkt thnjsnevns bna`rn thn c`urt gkd jgomkf thn cgsn hngrd. (mm)Yengdmkfs< Yengdmkfs brmkf t` emfht thn jgttnrs mk-mssun bntwnnk thn pgrtmns. Mk cmvme egw, mt c`ksmsts `a pegmkt, wrmttnk stgtnjnkt gkd rnpemcgtm`k. Mk crmjmkge egw, mt mkceudns c`jpegmkts gkd wrmttnk stgtnjnkt. (mmm)Yr``a< Yr``a ms thn pr`cnss by whmch thn pgrtmns suppey thn c`urt wmth thn dgtg kncnssgry a`r thn dncmsm`k `a thn cgsn. (mv)Ludfnjnkt< G ludfnjnkt ms thn dncmsm`k `a thn c`urt. Mt jgy bn mk thn a`rj `a dncrnn `r `rdnr. (v)Nxncutm`k< Mt ms thn usn `a ` a thn physmcge a`rcn `a thn stgtn mk nka`rcmkf thn ludfnjnkt whnk v`euktgry subjmssm`k t` mt ms wmthhned. 3. Substgktmvn Egw< m. Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd< substgktmvn egw rnegtns k`t t` thn pr`cnss `a emtmfgtm`k but t` mts purp`sn gkd sublnct-jgttnr. 4. Dmstmkctm`k Bntwnnk Sub-Stgktmvn Gkd Yr`cndurge Egw< (M)Gcc`rdmkf t` H`eegkd< Substgktmvn egw dntnrjmkns rmfht gkd pr`cndurge egw dntnrjmkns rnjndmns. Crmtmcmsj< Sgej`kd crmtcmzsns thms vmnw `k tw` fr`ukds. Thn wh`en egw `a rnjndmns d`sn k`t bne`kf t` pr`cndurn gs g rmfht r mfht t` rnc`vnr dgjgfns ms g rnjndmge rmfht, but mt bne`kfs t` substgktmvn egw gkd k`t t` thn egw `a pr`cndurn.

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Ygfn 28

Gcc`rdmkf t` H`egkd, thnrn cgk bn k` rmfhts mk thn rngej `a pr`cndurn. But thn egw `a pr`cndurn ges` crngtns rmfhts. G rmfht `a ` a gppnge ms b`th g jgttnr `a substgkcn gkd pr`cndurn. (mm)Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd< Thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk substgktmvn egw gkd pr`cndurge egw ms `kn `a a`rj gkd k`t `a substgkcn. G ruen bne`kfmkf t` `kn cegss jgy, by g chgkfn a`rj, pgss `vnr mkt` thn `thnr wmth`ut jgtnrmgeey gaanctmkf thn prgctmcge mssun. Hn rnanrs t` thrnn cegssns `a such cgsns. Nqumvgenkcy `a Nxceusmvn Nvmdnktmge Agct< Gk nxceusmvn nvmdnktmge agct ms prgctmcgeey nqumvgenkt t` g c `kstmtunkt nenjnkt mk thn tmten `a thn rmfht t` bn pr`vnd. Thn ruen `a nvmdnkcn ms thgt g c`ktrgct cgk bn pr`vnd `key by g wrmtmkf. Thms c`rrnsp`kds t` g ruen `a substgktmvn egw thgt g c`ktrgct ms v`md ukenss mt ms rnducnd t` w rmtmkf. Mk `kn cgsn, thn wrmtmkf w rmtmkf ms thn nxceusmvn nvmdnkcn `a tmten. Mk `thnr cgsns thn wrmtmkf ms g pgrt `a thn tmten mtsnea. Nqumvgenkcy `a Nxceusmvn Nvmdnktmge Agct T` Agct Yr`vnd< G c`kceusmvn nvmdnktmge agct ms nqumvgenkt t` gkd tnkds t` t gon thn pegcn `a thn pgct pr`vnd by mt. Yr`cndurge egw sgys thgt thn chmed ukdnr thn gfn `a 8 cgkk`t hgvn g crmjmkge mktnktm`k gkd substgktmvn egw nxnjpts such g chmed ar`j pukmshjnkt. Nqumvgenkcy `a Emjmtgtm`k `a Gctm`ks t` Yrnscrmptm`k `a Rmfht< Thn emjmtgtm`k `a gctm`ks ms thn pr`cndurge nqumvgenkt `a t hn prnscrmptm`k `a rmfhts. Thn enfge pr`cndurn dnstr`ys thn b`kd bntwnnk rmfht gkd r njndy gkd substgktmvn egw dnstr`ys thn rmfht mtsnea.

>. @thnr Dmstmkctm`ks Bntwnnk Substgktmvn Gkd Yr`cndurge Egw< (M)Gs T` Yurp`sn< Substgktmvn egw ms c`kcnrknd wmth thn nkds whmch thn gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn snnos. Yr`cndurge egw dnges wmth thn jngks gkd mkstrujnkts by w hmch th`sn nkds cgk bn gchmnvnd. (MM)Rnfuegtm`k< Substgktmvn egw dntnrjmkns thn c`kduct gkd rnegtm`k `a emtmfgkts mk rnspnct `a thn jgttnrs emtmfgtnd. Yr`cndurge egw rnfuegtns thn c`kduct gkd rnegtm`ks `a c`urts gkd emtmfgkts mk rnspnct `a t hn emtmfgtm`k mtsnea. (MMM)Sublnct Jgttnr< Substgktmvn egw rnfuegtns thn gaagmrs c`ktr`eend by ludmcmge pr`cnndmkfs. Yr`cndurge egw rnfuegtns thn c`kduct `a gaagmrs mk thn ludmcmge thn c`kduct `a gaagmrs mk thn ludmcmge pr`cnndmkfs. (MQ)Gs T` Agcts C`kstmtutn G Vr`kf< Vr `kf< Vhgt agct c`kstmtutn g wr`kf ms dntnrjmknd by substgktmvn egw. Vhgt agcts c`kstmtutn pr``a `a g wr`kf ms g qunstm`k `a pr`cndurn. (Q)Kgturn< Substgktmvn egw dnges wmth thn nkds whmch thn gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a l ustmcn snnos. Yr`cndurge egw dnges wmth thn jngks gkd mkstrujnkts by w hmch thn gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn gchmnvn. (QM)Gs T` C`kknctm`k<

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Ygfn 2=

Substgktmvn egw ms rnegtnd gkd c`kknctnd wmth pubemc gt egrfn. Yr`cndurge egw ms c`kknctnd wmth thn pgrtmns bna`rn thn c`urt. (QMM)Gs T` Gb`emtm`k @a Yukmshjnkt< Thn gb`emtm`k `a cgpmtge pukmshjnkt ms gk getnrgtm`k `a thn substgktmvn egw. Thn gb`emtm`k `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r dnbt ms jnrney gk getnrgt m`k mk thn egw `a pr`cndurn gs thn mjprms`kjnkt a`r dnbt ms jnrney gk mkstrujnkt t` n ka`rcn pgyjnkt. (QMMM)Sc`pn< Substgktmvn egw rnegtns t` jgttnrs `utsmdn thn c`urt. Yr`cndurge egw dnges wmth jgttnrs mksmdn c`urts. (MX)Gppngrgkcn< Substgktmvn egw pr`vmdns substgkcn `a egw mk thn shgpn `a stgtutn. Yr`cndurge egw ms thn egw `a gctm`ks jngkmkfs by gctm`ks. (X)Brgkch @a Egw< Yr`cndurge egw ms thgt brgkch `a thn egw whmch f`vnrks thn pr`cnss `a emtmfgtm`k. Gee thn rnsmdun ms substgktmvn egw. (XM) Suprnjgcy< Substgktmvn egw ms suprnjn mk kgturn. Yr`cndurge egw ms sub`rdmkgtn mk kgturn. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn substgktmvn egw whmch dnamkns `ur rmfhts gkd dutmns ms, `a c`ursn mjp`rtgkt t` gee `a us, but ukenss thn gdlnctmvn egw `a pr`cndurn ms g w `romkf jgchmkn, c`kstgktey trgksegtmkf thnsn `bemfgtm`ks mk tnrjs `a c`urt `rdnrs gkd gctuge nxncutm`k, thn substgktmvn egw jmfht gs wnee k`t nxmst. Strmct Emgbmemty W. Dmscuss thn egw rnegtmkf t` strmct emgbmemty whmch nxceudns jnksrng mk crmjmkge cgsn. W. H`w d`ns emgbmemty gccurn wmth`ut dnaguet . W. Mfk`rgkcn `a egw ms k` nxcusn0 nxc usn0 Dmscuss wmth rnanrnkcn t` jmstgon `a egw gkd jmstgon `a agct. 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Thn emgbmemty ms thn uetmjgtn purp`sn `a thn egw bncgusn thn wr`kf-d`nr just jgon up `r suaanr a`r hn hgs gerngdy agmend mk d`mkf whgt hn `ufht t` hgvn d`kn g jgk jgy bn pukmshnd a`r wr`kf d`kn, n vnk ma hn hgs k` fumety jmkd `r gt aguet. Thnsn gr n wr`kfs `a strmct emgbmemty. 2. Strmct Emgbmemty< Vr`kfs whmch d` k`t rnqumrn nmthnr wr`kfaue mktnkt `r knfemfnkcn grn ok`w gs thn wr`kfs `a strmct emgbmemty. Mk such cgsns, g pnrs`k mk pukmshnd a`r c`jjmttmkf wr`kfs nvnk ma hn hgs k` fumety jmkd. 3. Rnenvgkt A`r Strmct Emgbmemty< Strmct emgbmemty ms mjp`snd chmnaey whnrn mt wmee bn hgrd t` pr`vn by nvmdnkcn thn mktnktm`k `r knfemfnkcn `a thn `aankdnr. 4. Strmct Emgbmemty Mk Stgtut`ry C`ktnxt< Thn prnsnkcn mk `r gbsnkcn ar`j thn dnamkmtm`k `a thn `aankcn, `a thn w`rd ―Ok`wmkfey‚ `r g smjmegr w`rd rnqumrn jnksrng ms `a frngt frn gt mjp`rtgkcn but k`t c`kceusmvn. ―Swnnt vs pgrseny (7=69)‚

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Ygfn 39

―Vhnrn thn snctm`k `a thn Gct nxprnssey rnqumrn jnksrng, a`r nxgjpen bncgusn thny c`ktgmk thn w`rd ―Ok`wmkfey‚ ms k`t mtsnea suaamcmnkt t` lustmay g dncmsm`k thgt g snctm`k whmch ms smenkt gs t` jnksrng, crngtns gk gbs`eutn `aankcn.‚ >. Strmct Emgbmemty Mk Cmvme Cgsns< Jnksrng ms fnknrgeey mrrnenvgkt mk cmvme pr`cnndmkfs gs thn `blnct ms t` c`jpnksgtn thn pegmktmaa a`r hms e`ss gkd k`t pukmsh thn dnankdgkt, s` thn ruen `a strmct emgbmemty ms fnknrgeey gppemnd cmvme cgsns. (M)Nxcnptm`ks< Mk cnrtgmk cmvme gctm`ks, thn `blnc t `a thn egw ms t` pukmsh thn dnankdgkt gkd strmct emgbmemty ms k`t mjp`snd n.f jgemcm`us pr`sncutm`k, knfemfnkcn ntc. 1. Strmct Emgbmemty Mk Crmjmkge Cgsns< Fnknrgeey mk crmjmkge cgsns, thnrn ms k` crmjmkge emgbmemty ukenss jnksrng ms prnsnkt gkd strmct emgbmemty ms k`t mjp`snd. (M)Nxcnptm`k< A`ee`wmkf grn nxcnptm`k gt c`jj`k egw t` thn ruen rnqumrmkf jnksrng `r w hnrn ruen `a strmct emgbmemty ms mjp`snd. (m)Yubemc Kumsgkcn< Mk thn pubemc kumsgkcn gky njpe`ynr jmfht bn hned emgben a`r thn gct `a hms n jpe`ynr nvnk th`ufh hn hmjsnea dmd k`t ok`w mt hgd tgonk pegcn. (mm)Crmjmkge Embne< Mk crmjmkge embne g knwspgpnrs pr`prmnt`r ms emgben a`r embnes pukmshnd by hms njpe`ynrs. (mmm)C`ktnjpt `a C`urt< Mk crmjmkge c`ktnjpt `a c`urt mktnktm`k `r knf emfnkcn knnd bn pr`vnd. (mv)@utrgfmkf Yubemc Dncnkcy< Thms `aankcn rnqumrn g pr``a `a c`kduct ` a `bscnkn kgturn, gs t` rnsuet mk gk `utrgfn t` pubemc dncnkcy. 6. Amrst Cgsn @k Strmct St rmct Emgbmemty< Thn cgsn whmch hgs bnnk sgmd t` bn thn amrst t` mjp`sn strmct emgbmemty ms V``dr`w. ―Cgsn `a V``dr`w(7841)‚ Agcts< Dnankdgkt wgs a`ukd fumety `a hgvmkf mk hms p`ssnssm`k gduetnrgtnd t`bgcc`, geth`ufh hn dmd k`t ok`w mt wgs gduetnrgtnd. Hned< Dnankdgkt wgs hned emgben nvnk ma thn gduetnrgt m`k wgs dmsc`vnrgben `key by g kmcn chnjmcge gkgeysms.‚ 8. Emgbmemty Ms Strmct K`t Gbs`eutn< Thn emgbmemty ms strmct but k`t gbs`eutn mk `aankcns `a st rmct emgbmemty. Thnrn ms k`t rngs`k why gee `thn r dnankcns sh`ued k`t bn gvgmegben gs thny grn mk thn cgsn `a `aankcns rnqumrmkf auee jnksrng. Nvnk whnk dgkfnr`us drmvmkf wgs gk `aankcn `a strmct emgbmemty mt wgs hned t` bn g dnankcn, ma dnankdgkt wgs mk stgtn `a gut`jgtmsj whnk hn dr`vn thn vnhmcen s` mksgkmty, kncnssmty, durnss `r c`nrcm`k sh`ued bn gvgmegben nqugeey `k g chgrfn `a `aankcn `a strmct emgbmemty gs mk thn cgsn `a gky `thnr `aankcn. =. Cgtgf`rmns @a wr`kfs @a Strmct Emgbmemty< Thn j`st mjp`rtgkt wr`kfs `a strmct emgbmemty agee mkt` thrnn cgtgf`rmns. (M)Jmstgon @a Egw<

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Ygfn 37

Gbs`eutn rnsp`ksmbmemty mk thn cgsn `a g jmstgonk `a egw ms bgsnd `k thn a`ee`wmkf jgxmj. ―Mfk`rgktmg lurms nkjmknj nxcusgt.‚ (Mfk`rgkcn `a egw ms k`t nxcusn) Nvnk ma g pnrs`k c`jjmts gk `aankcn `k gcc`ukt `a g jmstgon `a egw, thgt ms k` nxcusn mk thn nyn `a egw. Hn ms emgben t` bn pukmshnd geth`ufh hn hgd k` fumety jmkd gt thn tmjn `a c`jjmttmkf thn `aankcn. (m)Rngs`ks a`r Jmstgon `a Egw ms K`t C`ksmdnrnd Gs Dnankcn< g. Egw ms thn njb`dmjnkt `a c`jj`k snksn gkd kgturge lustmcn gkd hnkcn just bn `bnynd. b. Egw b`th cgk bn sh`ued bn emjmtnd mk nxt nkt. c. Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd, thn egw ms mk enfge thn`ry dnamkmtn gkd ok`wgben, mt ms thn duty `a nvnry jgk t` ok`w thgt pgrt `a mt whmch c` kcnrks hmj, thnrna`rn mkk`cnkt gkd mknvmtgben mfk`rgkcn `a egw ms mjp`ssmben. d. Gcc`rdmkf t` Gustmk, ma mfk`rgkcn `a egw wn rn g fr`ukd `a nxnjptm`k thn t hn gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn w`ued bn grrnstnd. A`r mk gej`st nvnry cgsn, mfk`rgkcn `a egw w`ued bn geenfnd. (mm)Nxcnptm`ks< Thnrn grn cnrtgmk nxcnptm`ks t` thn fnknrge ruen thgt thn mfk`rgkcn `a egw ms k` nxcusn. Mfk`rgkcn `a spncmge egw ms nxc usgben. K` pnrs`k cgk bn hned fumety a`r thn vm`egtm`k `a thn a`rnmfk egw `a gky c`uktry. Mt ges` d`sn k`t gppey t` thn t hn ruens `a nqumty gs dnvne`pnd mk Nkfegkd. (MM)Jmstgon @a Agct< Gbs`eutn rnsp`ksmbmemty `a jmstgon `a agct cgk bn dmsussnd ukdnr thn a`ee`wmkf hngds. (m)Jmstgon `a Agct mk Crmjmkge Cgsns< Mk crmjmkge cgsns, jmstgon `a agct ms g f``d dnankcn gfgmkst strmct emgbmemty. Ma g pnr s`k d`sn s`jnthmkf ukdnr g jmstgon wmth`ut mktnkdmkf t` d` whmch hn gctugeey d`sn, hn ms k`t crmjmkgeey emgben a`r hms gctm`k. Nxgjpen< G p`emcn c`kstgben f`ns t` grrnst ‘X” t` bn ”X” but grrnst ‘]” THMKOMKF ‘y” t` bn ‘X” hn ms k`t fumety `a gky crmjn. (mm)Jmstgon `a agct mk Cmvme Cgsns< Mk thn cgsn `a cmvme egw, g jmstgon `a agct mkv`evns emgbmemty. Gcc`rdmkf t` Sgej`kd< ―Mt ms thn fnknrge prmkcmpge `a egw thgt hn wh` mktnktm`kgeey `r snjm-mktnktm`kgeey snjm-mktnktm`kgeey mktnranrns wmth thn pnrs`k, pr`pnrty, rnputgtm`k `r `thnr rmfhtaue mktnrnst s `a gk`thnr, d`ns gs hms pnrme‚ (MMM)Mknvmtgben Gccmdnkt< Mknvmtgben gccmdnkt ms thgt, whmch gv`mdgkcn rnqumrns g dnfrnn `a cgrn nxcnndmkf nx cnndmkf thn stgkdgrd dnjgkdnd by egw. Mt ms c`jj`key rnfgrdnd gs g fr`ukd `a nxnjptm`k ar`j emgbmemty mk cmvme gkd crmjmkge cgsns. Thnrn ms k` mktnktm`k bncgusn thn c`ksnqunkcns grn k`t dnsmrnd mk thn cgsn `a gk gccmdnkt. (m)Nxcnptm`k< Thnrn ms `kn mjp`rtgkt nxcnptm`k t` thn gb`vn ruen mk cmvme egw. Thnrn grn cgsns mk whmch thn egw pr`vmdns thgt g jgk shgee gt hms pnrme gkd shgee tgon hms chgkcn ma gk gccmdnkt hgppnks. ―Ryegkds vs Aentchnr‚ ―Mt wgs hned thgt ma g pnrs`k pnrs`k brmkfs `r gccujuegtns `k hms egkd gkythmkf whmch ma nscgpns gkd cgusns

YYC

Ygfn 32

dgjgfn t` hms knmfhb`urs hn ms rn sp`ksmben, h`wnvnr cgrnaue hn jgy hgvn tgonk t` prnvnkt dgjgfn.‚ 79. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt egw mjp`sns strmct emgbmemty j`stey `k cgsns mk whmch hmfh stgkdgrd `a c grn ms rnqumrnd emon a``d, drufs ntc t` sgvn pn`pen ar`j thn knfemfnkt gcts `a `thnrs. Thn frngtnr thn dnfrnn `a s`cmge dgkfnr, thn j`rn emoney ms t hn `aankcn t` bn mktnrprntnd gs `kn strmct emgbmemty.

Snea-Dnankcn W. Vhgt ms rmfht `a prmvgtn Dnagkcn0 Dn agkcn0 Vhnk mt nxtnkds t` cgusmkf dngth `a  gk`thnr.  gk`thnr. W. whgt grn Rnstrmctm`k mjp`snd up`k thn usn `a a`rcn mk snea dnankcn . W. Vhgt grn thn rnstrmctm`ks r nstrmctm`ks mjp`snd up`k thn usn `a a`rcn mk snea dnankcn ukdnr Y.Y.C. W. Vhgt ms rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn0 Vhgt grn emjmtgtm`k mjp`snd `k thn usn `a a`rcn `a thms rmfht. Nxpegmk aueey.

7. Mktr`ductm`k< ^kdnr Ygomstgk pnkge c`dn nvnry `kn hgs rmfht t` dnankd hms pr`pnrty h`k`ur gkd hmjsnea. Snea dnanksn ms g aukdgjnktge rmfht mt ms pr`vmdnd by nvnry rnemfm`k. Egw, c`kstmtutm`k gkd nthmcs. Rmfht `a snea dnanksn cgk dnankd ges` bn nxnrcmsnd nvnk by g strgkfnr t` dnankd thn pnrs`k `r pr`pnrty `a gk`thnr. Thn rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn ms rnstrmctnd t` k`t mkaemctmkf j`rn hgrj thgk mt ms kncnssgry t` mkaemct a`r thn purp`sn `a dnankcn.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks<  Snc. =1, =6, ==, 799, 797, 792 Y.Y.C 3. Jngkmkf @a Snea Dnankcn< C`kcmsn @xa`rd Dmctm`kgry< G dnankcn `a ` knsnea, `kn, s rmfht `r p`smtm`k.

4. Dnamkmtm`k @a Snea Dnagkcn< Begco Egw Dmctm`kgry< ― Thn usn `a a`rcn t` pr`tnct `kns snea, `kns agjmey `r `kns pr`pnrty ar`j g rnge `r thrngtnknd gttgco.

>. Omkd Snea Dnankcn< (m) Rmfht `a snea dnankcn `a b`dy. (mm) Rmfht `a snea dnankcn `a pr`pnrty.ss

1. Rmfht @a Yrmvgtn Dnagkcn Gfgmkst Thn Ynrs`k @a ^ks`ukd Jmkd, Ntc. ^kdnr gk gct, whmch w`ued `thnrwmsn bn g cnrtgmk `aankcn, ms k`t thgt `ankcn, by rngs`k `a thn y`uth, thn wgkt `a jgturmty `a ukdnr stgkdmkf, thn uks`ukdknss `a jmkd `r thn mkt`xmcgtm`k `a thn pnrs`k d`mkf thgt gct, `r by rngs`k `a jmsc`kcnptm`k `k pgrt `a thgt pnrs`k, nvn ry pnrs`k hgs rmfht `a prmvgtn dnagkcn gfgmkst thgt gct whmch hn w`ued hgvn ma thn gct wnrn thn `aankcn.

6.Gcts Gfgmkst Vhmch Thnrn Ms K` Rmfht @a Yrmvgtn Dnagkcn ^/S-==< (m) Thnrn ms k` rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn gfgmkst gk gct whmch d`sn k`t rngs`kgbey cgusn thn gpprnhnksm`k `a dngth `r frmnv`us hurt, ma d`kn, `r gttnjptnd t` bn d`kn by g pubemc snrvgkt gctmkf mk f``d agmth ukdnr c`jjgkd `a hms `aamcn, th`ufh thgt gct jgy k`t bn strmctey lustmamgben by egw. (mm)Thnrn ms k` rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn gfgmkst gk gct whmch d`sn k`t rngs`kgbey cgusn thn gpprnhnksm`k `a dngth `r frmnv`us hurt, ma d`kn, `r gttnjptnd t` bn d`kn, by thn dmrnctm`k `a thn pubemc snrvgkt gctmkf mk f``d agmth ukdnr thn c`e`r `a hms `aamcn thr`ufh thgt dmrnctm`k jgy k`t bn strmctey lustmamgben by egw. (mmm)Thnrn ms k` dnankcn mk cgsns mk whmch t hnrn ms tmjn t` rnc`ursn t` thn pr`tnctm`k `a pubemc guth`rmtmns. (mv)Thnrn rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn ms k` c gsn nxtnkds t` thn mkaemctmkf `a j`rn hgrj thgk mt ms kncnssgry t` mkaemct a`r thn purp`sn `a dnankcn.

YYC

Ygfn 33

8. Vhnk Thn Rmfht @a Yrmvgtn Dnagkcn @a Thn B`dy Nxtnkds T` Cgusmkf Dngth ^/S 799 < Mt nxtnkds t` v`euktgry cgusmkf `a dngth `a gky `thnr hgrj t` thn gssgmegkt, ma thn `aankcn bn gky `a thn a`ee`wmkf dnscrmptm`k. (m)Such gs gssguet gs rngs`kgbey cgusns thn gpprnhnksm`k `a dngth. (mm)Such gs gssguet gs rngs`kgbey cgsns thn gpprnhnksm`k `a frmnv`us hurt. (mmm)Gk gssguet t` c`jjmt rgpn. (mv)Gk gssguet wmth thn mktnktm`k `a frgtmaymkf ukkgturge Eust. (v)Gk gssguet wmth mktnktm`k `a omdkgppmkf `r gbductmkf. (vm)Gk gssguet a`r wr`kfaue c`kamknjnkt ukdnr thn cmrcujstgkcns whmch pr`vmdn rngs`kgben gpprnhnksm`k thgt rnc`ursn t` rngddrnss shgee k`t bn p`ssmben. Cgsn Egw 2994 ]ER EGH 2329(b) Mt wgs hned thgt snc 799 bnmkf sublnct t` snc ==, gkd cgk k`t bn rngd mk ms`egtm`k ar`j == YYC.

=. C`jjnkcnjnkt Gkd C`ktmkugkcn @a Thn Rmfht @a Yrmvgtn Dnankcn @a B`dy S.792< Thn rmfht `a prmvgtn dnankcn `a b`dy c`jjnkcn gs s``k gs g rngs`kgben gpprnhnksm`k `a dgkfnr t` thn b`dy grmsns ar`j gk gttnjpt `r thn rngt t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn th`ufh thn `aankcn, jgy k`t hgvn bnnk c`jjmttnd gkd mt c`ktmkuns gs e`kf gs such gpprnhnksm`k `a dgkfnr t` thn b`dy c`ktmkuns.

79.C`kdtm`ks A`r Nxnrcmsmkf Rmfht @a Snea Dnankcn< A`ee`wmkf c`kdmtm`k just bn aueameend mk `rdnr t` nxnrcmsn thn rmfht `a snea dnankcn. (m)Thn gccusnd just bn arnn ar`j aguet mk brmkfmkf gb`ut thn nkc`uktnr. (mm)Thnrn just bn prnsnkt mjpnkdmkf pnrmge t` eman `r frngt b`dmey hgrj nmthnr rnge `r s` gppgrnkt gs t` crngtn h`knst bnemna `a gk nxmstmkf kncnssmty. (mmm)Thnrn just bn k`t sgan `r rn gs`kgben j`dn `a nscgben by rntrngt. (mv) Thnrn just hgvn bnnk g kncn ssmty a`r eman tgomkf.

77. Budnk @a Yr``a< Thn burd`k `a pr`vmkf ms `k dnankcn. Cgsn Egw 2992 SCJR 742> MT wgs hned thgt whnk g spncmamc peng `a snea dnankcn ms rgmsnd, thn `kus t` pr`vn thn sgjn egy up`k thn pgrty cegmjmkf thn sgjn. 72.C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn mt cgk bn sgmd thgt, snea dnankcn ms g bnst dnankcn. Thn rmfht `a snea dnankcn ms bgsnd ` k thn egw `a kncnssmty `a snea prnsnrvgtm`k. Thms rmfht w`ued grmsn `key whnrn dgkfnr t` g pnrs`k `r pr`pnrty ms mjjmknkt gkd w`ued rnjgmk gvgmegben gs e`kf gs such dgkfnr nxmst.

R`bbnry Gkd Dgc`mty W. Dnamkn gkd nxpegmk R`bbnry, Dgc`mty gkd nxt`rtm`k.(2997)(2997S)(2994/G)(299>/S) W. Dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk R`bbnry gkd Dgc`mty whgt Yukmshjnkt grn Yr`vmdnd a`r thnsn `aankcns.(7==>) W. Dmscuss aueey thn Yr`vmsm`ks ukdnr Y.Y.C rnegtmkf t` thn `aankcn ` a r`bbnry gkd dgc`mty nxpegmkmkf thn dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk tw`. (2994/S)(299>/G)(2991/G) W. Nxpegmk r`bbnry gkd Dgc`mty wmth pgrtmcuegr rnanrnkcn t` dmaanrnkcns bntwnnk b`th. (2996/G)

7. Mktr`ductm`k< R`bbnry ms g spncmge gkd gffrgvgtnd ar`j `a nmthnr thnat `r nxt`rtm`k gkd jngks ane`km`us tgomkf ar`j thn pnrs`k `a gk`thnr `r mk hms prnsnkcn gfgmkst hms wgee, by vm`enkcn `r puttmkf hmj mk angr, gkd mt

YYC

Ygfn 34

bnc`jns dgc`mty whnk mt ms c`jjmttnd by amvn `r j`rn pnrs`k c`-l`mktey.

2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`k< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`k `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 3=9 gkd 3=2 a`r R`bbnry. Snctm`k 3=7 gkd 3=> a`r Dgc`mty.

3. R`bbnry ^/Snc 3=9< Mk gee r`bbnry, thnrn ms nmthnr thnat `r nxt`rtm`k. (M) Vhnk Thnat Gj`ukts T` R`bbnry< Vhnrn r`bbnry gs gk gffrgvgtnd ar`j `a thnat ms geenfnd, a`ee`wmkf thmkfs hgs t` bn pr`vnd. (m) Thnat< Yr``a `a thnat ms nssnktmge a`r c`kvmctmkf g pnrs`k a`r r`bbnry.

Jngkmkf `a Thnat u/snc 368< Vh`nvnr mktnkdmkf t` tgon dmsh`knstey gky j`vngben pr`pnrty `ut `a thn p`ssnssm`k `a gky pnrs`k wmth`ut thgt pnrs`k” s c`ksnkt, j`vns thgt pr` pnrty mk `rdnr t` such tgomkf, mk sgmd mk sgmd t` c`jjmt thnat.

Mkfrndmnkts `a Thnat< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a thnat. g)Dmsh`knst mktnktm`k t` tgon pr`pnrty. b)Yr`pnrty just bn j`vngben c) Thgt sh`ued bn mk p`ssnssm`k `a gk`thnr pnrs`k d)Thnrn just bn rnj`vge `r j`vmkf `a thgt pr`pnrty n) Vmth`ut c`ksnkt `a thn `wknr. (mm) Dngth, Hurt `r Vr`kfaue Rnstrgmkt< Gccusnd sh`ued mk `rdnr t` c`jjmt thnat, nmthnr cgusns `r gttnjpts t` cgusn gky pnrs`k”s dngth `r hurt hmj `r put hmj ukdnr g wr`kfaue rn strgmkt.

Jngkmkf `a Vr`kfaue Rnstrgmkt< ― Mt mjpemns mjpemns gk `bstructm`k s` gs t` prnvnkt g pnrs`k ar`j pr`cnndmkf mk gky dmrnctm`k whnrn hn hgs rmfht t` pr`cnnd.‚ (mmm)Angr `a Dngth, Hurt `r Vr`kfaue Rnstr gmkt< Thnrn jgy bn a`r ` mkstgkt dngth `r `a mkstgkt hurt `r `a mkstgkt wr`kfaue t` thn vmctmj t` gchmnvn thn gkd spncmamnd mk snctm`k 3=9. (mv) A`r thn Spncmamnd mk Snc. 3=9< Thn usn `a vm`enkcn wmee k`t c`kvnrt t hn `aankcn `a thnat mkt` r`bbnry t hn vm`enkcn hn bn c`jjmttnd a`r `kn `a thn nkds spncmamnd mk snc. 3=9 Qmz t` c`jjmttmkf `a thnat cgrrymkf gwgy `r gttnjptmkf t` cgrry gwgy pr`pnrty `btgmknd by thnat. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘ G” h`eds ‘\” d`wk gkd arguduenktey tgons \”s ce`thns wmth`ut \”s c`ksnkt. Hnrn ‘ G” hgs c`jjmttnd thnat gkd mk `rdnr t` thn c`jjmttmkf c `jjmttmkf `a thgt thnat, hgs v`euktgrmey cgusnd wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt rnstrgmkt t` ‘\”. ‘G” hgs thnrna`rn c`jjmttnd r`bbnry.

YYC

Ygfn 3>

(MM) Vhnk Nxt`rtm`k Gj`ukts T` R`bbnry< Vhnrn r`bbnry gs gk gffrgvgtnd a`rj `a nxt`rtm`k ms geenfnd, a`ee`wmkf thmkfs hgs t` bn pr`vnd. (m) Nxt`rtm`k< G pr``a `a nxt`rtm`k ms nssnktmge a`r c `kvmctmkf g pnrs`k a`r r`bbnry. G. Jngkmkf `a Nxt`rtm`k u/snc 383< Vh`nvnr mktnktm`kgeey puts gky pnrs`k mk angr `a gky mklury t` thgt pnrs`k `r t` gky `thnr gkd thnrnby dmsh`knstey mkducns thn pnrs`k s` put mk angr t` dnemvnr t` gky pnrs`k gky pr`pnrty `r vgeugben sncu rmty `r gkythmkf smkfnd `r sngend whmch jgy bn c`kvnrtnd mkt` g vgeugben sncurmty, c`jjmts nxt`rtm`k. (mm)Angr `a Mkstgkt Dngth, Hurt `r Vr`kfaue Rnstrgmkt< Thnrn just bn nxt`rtm`k by puttmkf t hn pnrs`k mk angr `a mkstgkt dngth `r `a mkstgkt hurt `r `a mkstgkt wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt t` thgt pnrs`k `r t` s`jn `thnr pnrs`k gkd thny by d`mkf s`, mkducns thn pnrs`k s` put mk angr thnk gkd thnrn t` dnemvnr up thn thmkf nxt`rtnd. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” `blnct pr`pnrty ar`j ‘\” by sgymkf ―]`ur chmed ms mk thn hgkds `a jy fgkf gkd wmee bn put t` dngth ukenss y`u snkd us tnk th`usgkd Rs.‚ Thms ms nxt`rtm`k pukmshgben gs such but mt ms k`t r`bbnry, ukenss ‘\” ms put mk angr `a thn mkstgkt dngth `a hms chmed. (mmm)Yrnsnkcn `a pnrs`k put mk angr< Mt ms kncnssgry thgt thn nxt`rtm`k just bn c`jjmttnd by thn `aankdnr mk thn prnsnkcn `a thn pnrs`k put mk angr gkd c`jjmts thn nxt`rtm`k nxt` rtm`k by puttmkf thgt pnrs`k mk angr `a mkstgkt dngth, hurt `r wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt. Thn `aankdnr ms sgmd t` bn prnsnkt ma hn ms suaamcmnktey kngr t` put t hn `thnr pnrs`k mk angr `a mkstgkt dngth, hurt `r wr`kfaue r`bbnry. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” jnnts ‘\” `k thn hmfh r`gd, sh`ws g pmst`e gkd dnjgkds \” s pursn. ‘\” mk c`ksnqunkcn surrnkdnrs hms pursn hnrn ‘G” hgs nxt`rtnd thn pursn ar`j ‘\” by puttmkf hmj mk angr `a mkstgkt hurt gkd bnmkf gt thn tmjn `a c`jjmttmkf thn nxt`rtnd mk hms prnsnkcn ‘G” hgs thnrna`rn c`jjmttnd r`bbnry. (MMM)Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 3=2< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts r`bbnry shgee bn pukmshnd wmth rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk thrnn yngrs k`r j`rn thgk tnk yngrs gkd shnee ges` bn emgben t` amkn gkd ma thn r`bbnry bn c`jjmttnd `k thn hmfhwgy thn mjprms`kjnkt jgy bn nxtn kdnd t` a`urtnnk yngrs. Cgsn Eg 299> TER 728 Mt wgs hned thgt thn `aankcn `a r`bbnry th`ufh k`t c`jp`ukgben but c`jpr`jmsn gewgys c`ksmdnrnd gs rndnnjmkf angturn. Gk gccusnd cgk bn gcqumttnd `k thn bgsms `a C`jpr`jmsn bntwnnk thn pgrtmns. 4.Dgc`mty< Vhnk amvn `r j`rn pnrs`ks c`-l`mktey c`jjmt `r gttnjpt t` c`jjmt g r`bbnry `r whnrn thn wh`en kujbnr `a pnrs`ks c`-l`mktey c`jjmttnd `r gttnjptmkf t` c `jjmt g r`bbnry gkd pnrs`ks prnsnkt gkd gmdmkf such c`jjmssm`k `r gttnjpt, gj`ukt t` amvn `r j`rn, n vnry pnrs`k s` c`jjmttmkf, gttnjptmkf `r gmdmkf ms sgmd t` c`jjmt dgc`mty. (M)Mkfrndmnkts @a Dgc`mty< (m)Amvn `r J`rn Ynrs`ks< ^kdnr thms snctm`k, thn kujbnr `a pnrs`ks c`jjmttmkf r`bbnry just bn amvn `r j`rn. V hnrn thn

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Ygfn 31

nvmdnkcn sh`wnd thgt thnrn wnrn smx r`bbnrs but gt thn trmge thrnn wnrn gcqumttnd, mt wgs hned thgt thn c`kvmctm`k ukdnr thms snctm`k ms k`t sustgmkgben. (mm)C`jjmttmkf `r Gttnjptmkf t` C`jjmt r`bbnry< R`bbnry bnc`jns dgc`mty whnk mt ms c`jjmttnd by amvn `r j`rn pnrs`ks. Nvnk gk gttnjptnd r`bbnry by amvn `r j`rn pnrs`ks gj`ukts t` gk `aan kcn `a dgc`mty gkd thn agct thgt thn dgc`mts agmend t` rnj`vn gky b``ty ms mrrnenvgkt. (mmm)C`-l`mktey C`jjmttmkf< Thnrn sh`ued bn c`-l`mktey c`jjmttmkf `a `aankcn `a dgc`mty w`rd c`-l`mktey usnd mk snctm`k 3=7 Y.Y.C jngks l`mktey.(7==> JED 766=) (MM)Yr``a @a Dgc`mty< G dnc`mty bnfmks gs s``k gs thnrn ms gk gttnjpt t` c`jjmt r`bbnry. Mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt thn a`rcn `r jnkgcn sh`ued bn dmspegynd by gky `vnrt gct gkd mt jgy bn mjpemnd mk thn c`kduct `a thn j`b. (MMM)Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 3=>< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts dgc`mty shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman `r whmch rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk a`ur yngrs k`r j`rn thnk yngrs, gkd shnee ges` bn emgben t` amkn. (m)Lurmsdmctm`k `a C`urt @aankcn u/snc 3=>, bnmkf trmgben by thn c`urt `a snssm`k, jgfmstrgtn snc tm`k 39 hgd k` lurmsdmctm`k t` tgon c`fkmzgkcn `a thn sgjn.(7==>YrEl 787=) >.Dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk R`bbnry Gkd Dgc`mty< (M)Kujbnr @a Ynrs`ks< Mk R`bbnry thn kujbnr `a pnrs` ks grn enss thgk amvn. Mt jgy bn c`jjmttnd by g smkfen pnrs`k. Mk dgc`mty, thn kujbnr `a pnrs`ks grn amvn `r j`rn. (MM)Snrm`usknss< R`bbnry ms enss snrm`us mk kgturn. Dgc`mty ms j`rn snrm`us `aankcn thgk r`bbnry bncgusn `a thn tnrr`r cgusnd c gusnd by thn prnsnkcn kujbnr `a `aankdnrs. (MMM)Y`smtm`k @a Gbntt`rs< Mk R`bbnry, thn gbntt`rs grn emgben mkdnpnkdnktey. Mk dgc`mty gbntt`rs wh` grn prnsnkt gkd gmdmkf whnk thn crmjn ms c`jjmttnd grn c`uktnd mk thn kujbnr. (MQ)Lurmsdmctm`k @a C`urt< R`bbnry jgy bn trmgben by thn meegqg jgfmstrgtn. Dgc`mty shgee bn trmgben by thn c` urt `a snssm`k. (Q)Yukmshjnkt< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts r`bbnry shgee bn pukmshnd wmth rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk thrnn yngrs, k`r j`rn j `rn thgk tnk yngrs gkd shgee ges` bn emgben t` amkn C`urt whmen c`kvmctmkf g pnrs`k u/snc 3 =>, Y.Y.C, cgk nmthnr snktnkcn hmj t` mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman `r t` rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt whmch cgkk`t bn thgk a`rn yngrs ` r j`rn thgk tnk yngrs mk gddmtm`k t` amkn(7==3 SCJR 79>8) (QM)Y`smtm`k Mk Hmfhwgy< Ma r`bbnry ms c`jjmttnd `k thn hmfhwgy, thn mjprms`kjnkt jgy bn nxtnkdnd t` a`urtnnk yngrs. Thn agct thgt thn Dgc`mty ms c`jjmttnd `k thn hmfhwgy, d`ns k`t chgkfn thn p`smtm`k `r pukmshjnkt. 1.C`kceusm`k<

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T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn dnamkmtm`k `a r`bbnry c`ktnjpegtns thgt gk gccusnd sh`ued ar`j vnry bnfmkkmkf hgvn thn mktnktm`k t` dnprmvn gk`thnr pnrs`k ` a thn pr`pnrty gkd t` gchmnvn thgt nkd, nmthnr hurt ms cgusnd `r g pnrs`k pn rs`k ms pegcnd. ^kdnr wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt, `r mt just bn gctugeey a`ukd thgt vmctmj wgs put mk angr `a mkstgkt dngth, hurt `r wr`kfaue c`kamknjnkt whnk thn sgjn `aankcn ms c `jjmttnd by amvn `r j`rn snrm`us mk kgturn. Rm`tmkf Gkd Gaargy W. Dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk rm`tmkf gkd gaargy Vhgt Yukmshjnkt ms Yr`vmdnd a`r thms `aankcn.(7==>) 7.Mktr`ductm`k< Chgptnr QMMM `a Y.Y.C dnges wmth thn `aankcns gfgmkst pubemc pngcn. Mt jgy bn dmsturbnd nvnk by smkfen pnrs`k but whnk mt ms dmsturbnd by j`rn thnk `kn pnrs`k? thn tr`uben bnc`jns jgfkmamnd gkd dnsn rvns spncmge trngtjnkt. B`th rm`tmkf gkd gaargy grn `aankcns gfgmkst pubemc pngcn but dmaanr mk thnmr jgfkmtudn gkd sc`pn. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< a`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 741 gkd 746 a`r rm`tmkf Snctm`k 7>= gkd 719 a`r gaargy 3. Rm`tmkf< (M) Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 74=< Vhnknvnr a`rcn `r vm`enkcn ms usnd by gk ukegwaue gssnjbey `r by gky jnjbnr thnrn`a mk pr`sncutm`k `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a such gssnjbey ms fumety `a thn `aankcn `a rm`tmkf. (MM) Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf. (m) ^sn `a A`rcn `r Qm`enkcn< Thnrn just bn usn `a a`rcn `r vm`enkcn by gk ukegwaue gssnjbey `r gky jnjbnr thnrn `a t` c`kstmtutn gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf. Mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt thn a`rcn `r vm`enkcn sh`ued bn dmrnctnd gfgmkst gky pgrtmcuegr pnrs`k `r `blnct. (mm)By ^kegwaue Gssnjbey `r Gky Jnjbnr< Thn a`rcn `r vm`enkcn just bn usn by gk ukegwaue gssnjbey `r gky jnjbnr `a mt, s` t` c`kstmtutn gk `aankcn `a rm`tmkf gee thn mkfrndmnkts `a snc . 747 knnd t` bn aueameend. (mm) Mk Yr`sncutm`k `a C`jj`k @blnct< Such a`rcn `r vm`enkcn sh`ued hgvn bnnk usnd mk pr`sncutm`k `a thn c`jj`k `blnct `a such gssnjbey. (MMM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 46< Vh`nvnr ms fumety `a rm`tmkf, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. (MQ) pukmshjnkt Vhnrn Rm`tmkf Grjnd Vmth Dngdey Vngp`k ^/Snc 748< H`wnvnr ms fumety `a rm`tmkf bnmkf grjnd wmth dngdey wngp`k `r wmth gkythmkf whmch usnd gs g wngp`k, `aankcn, ms emoney t` cgusn dngth shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. G pnrs`k cgkk`t bn a`ukd fumety ukdnr thms snctm`k ukenss hn gctugeey hgs g dgkfnr`us wngp`k mk hms hgkds. (YED 7=87 Sc281) 4. Gaargy<

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(M) Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 7>=< Vhnk 2 `r j`rn pnrs`ks by amfhtmkf mk g pubemc pegcn dmsturb thn pubemc pngcn, thny grn sgmd t` c`jjmt gk gaargy. (MM) Mkfrndmnkts< (m) Tw` `r J`rn Ynrs`k< Gk gaargy rnqumrns tw` smdns amfhtmkf. Cgsn Egw YED 7=>= EGH M9M8 Mt wgs hned thgt `k thn `aankcn `a gaargy thnrn just bn t` `r j`rn pnrs`k. Ygssmvn subjmssm`k by `kn pgrty t` g bngtmkf by thn t hn `thnr ms k`t gaargy. (mm) Yubemc Yegcn< Amfhtmkf just bn gt pubemc pegcn. G pubemc pegcn ms `kn whnrn thn pubemc f`, `k jgttnr, Vhnthnr thny hgvn g rmfht t` f` `r k`t. (mmm) Dmsturbgkcn `a Yubemc Yngcn< Mt ms nssnktmge thgt thnrn just bn g dmsturbgkcn `a thn pubemc pngcn m.n gssguet `r brngth `a thn pngcn. Jnrn qugrneemkf ms k`t suaamcmnkt t` gttrgct snctm`k 7>=. (MMM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 719< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts gk gaargy shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn j`kth `r wmth amkn whmch w hmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn hukdrnd Rs. Vmth b`th. >. Dmstmkctm`k Bntwnnk Rm`tmkf Gkd Gaargy< (M) Yegcn Rm`tmkf cgk bn c`jjmttnd gt gky pegcn whnt hnr prmvgtn `r pubemc. Gaargy cgk bn c`jjmttnd gt `key Yubemc pegcn. (MM) Kujbnr @a Ynrs`k< Rm`tmkf rnqumrns amvn-`r j`rn pnrs`ks. Gaargy rnqumrns tw` `r j`rn pnrs`ks. (MMM) Emgbmemty< Mk rm`t nvnry jnjbnr `a gk ukegwaue gssnjbey ms pukmshgben geth`ufh s`jn `a thnj jgy k`t hgvn pnrs`kgeey usnd a`rcn `r vm`enkcn. Mk gaargy ` key th`sn gctugeey nkfgfnd grn emgben. (MQ) @blnct< Mk rm`tmkf thn `blnct t` usn a`rcn `r vm`enkcn just bn `kn jnktm`knd mk snc. 747. Mk gaargy, thn `blnct ms t` dmsturb thn pubemc pngcn. (Q) Yukmshjnkt< Mk rm`t, pukmshjnkt gwgrdnd ms mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` t w` yngrs `r whmch amkn `r wmth b`th. Thn pukmshjnkt a`r gaargy ms mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn j`kth ` r wmth amkn whmch jgy nxtnkd t` RS. 799 `r wmth b`th. (QM) Gs T` Nkhgkcnjnkt @a Yukmshjnkt< Nkhgkcnd pukmshjnkt ms pr`vmdnd a`r rm`tmkf ma g pnrs`k ms grjnd wmth g dngdey wngp`k u/snc 748. A`r gaargy k` such pr`vmsm`k ms prnsnkt. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn egw tgons spncmge jngsurn t` rnstrgmk r nstrgmk gcts mkv`evmkf brngch `a pngcn gkd pukmsh th`sn gcts gs such. Rm`tmkf gkd gaargy b`th dnamkns `aankcn mkv`evmkf dmsturbgkcn mk spngcn.

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Ygfn 3=

Wmsgs Gkd Dmygt W. Dnamkn gkd W. Dnamkn Dmygt. H`w ms mt vgeund gkd pgmd gkd h`w ms mt dmsbursnd.(2993)(2993Gkkuge)(2992)(7===Gkkuge)(7== dmsbursnd.(2993)(2993Gkkuge)(2992)( 7===Gkkuge)(7== 4) W. Dnamkn gkd dmstmkfumsh bntwnnk Wgsms gkd Dmygt.(7===)(7=== Gkkuge) 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Nvnry crmjn mkv`evns nmthnr Hgq``q Geegh `r Hgq``q-ue-mebgd `r b`th. Thn `aankcns rnegtmkf Wmsgs gkd dmygt grn `aankcns gfgmkst mkdmvmduges gaanctmkf hujgk b`dy gkd grn hgq``q-ge-mebgd. Thn H`ey Wurgk thnrna`rn fmvns rmfht t` vmctmj `r hms wgme t` nxgct Wmsgs `r cegmj Dmygt. Chgptnr XQM `a Y.Y.C rnegtns t` `aankcns, whmch dnscrmbns pukmshjnkt `a Wgsms gkd Dmygt. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 2==, 392, 394, 391, 396, 334, 331, 336-G, a`r Wgsms Snctm`k 2==(n), 392, 371, 37=, 329, 322, 323, 339, 337, a`r Dmygt. 3. Rnenvgkt Gygts @a H`ey Wurgk< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt Gygst `a H`ey Wurgk rnfgrdmkf thn t`pmc `a Wmsgs gkd Dmygt. (m) Surgh Gebgqgrnh Gygts 768, 76=, gkd 7= 4. (mm) Surch Ge-ksmgh Gygst 2=, =2, gkd =3 (mmm) Surgh Gejgmdgh Gygts 32, 33, gkd 4> (mv) Surgh Gemkgj Gygt 7>7 (v) Surgh Geaurqgk Gygt 18 (vm) Surgh Bgkm Msrnge Gygts 37 gkd 32 4. Wmsgs< (M) Jngkmkf @a Wmsgs< (m) Emtnrge Jngkmkf< Thn tnrj Wgsms ms emtnrgeey dnrmvnd ar`j ―Ge ―Ge--Wgsgs‚ whmch jngks t` a`ee`w mk s`jn `kns a``t-stnps. a``t -stnps. (mm) Enfge Jnkmkf< Wgsms smfkmamns `r jngks t` shnd be``d mk rnpntmtm`k `r rn trmbutm`k. Mt ms t` gwgrd gk nqumtgben pukmshjnkt t` thn `aankdnr a`r gk mktnktm`kge crmjn `a h`jmcmdn `r a`r snvnrmkf gky `rfgk `a thn b`dy `r mklurmkf mt. (mmm) Jngkmkf ^/snc 26=(o)< ―Wgsms jngks pukmshjnkt by cgusmkf smjmegr hurt gt thn sgjn pgrt `a thn b`dy `a thn c`kvmct gs hn hgs cgusnd t` thn vmctmj `r by cgusmkf hms dngth ma hn hgs c`jjmttnd qgte-m-gjd mk nxnrc msn `a thn rmfht `a thn t hn vmctmj `r g wgem.‚ (MM) Bgsmc Yrmkcmpge @a Wgsms< Thn bgsmc prmkcmpge `a qgsms ms smjmegrmty. Ma smjmegrmty `a mklury ms k`t p`ssmben qgsms jgy k`t bn nka`rcnd. (MMM)Rmfht @a Wgsms< Wgsms ms thn rmfht `a wgem `a vmct mj `r thn vmctmj gkd ms nxncutnd nxn cutnd by thn stgtn. Gcc`rdmkf t` Snc. 39>< Mk cgsn `a qgte, thn wgem shgee bn Thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj, gcc`rdmkf t ` thn pnrs`kge egw, gkd

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Ygfn 49

Thn F`vnrkjnkt ma thnrn ms k` hnmr. (MQ) Wgsms Gs Yukmshjnkt A`r Dmaanrnkt @aankcns ^kdnr Y.Y.C< A`ee`wmkf `aankcns, pukmshjnkt `a qgsms ms pr`vmdnd ukdnr Y.Y.C (G) Wgte-m-Gjd< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgte-m-Gjd shgee bn pukmshnd wmth dngth gs qgsms u/snc 392 ma pr``a mk nmthnr `a thn a`rjs jnktm`knd mk snc. 394 ms gvgmegben vmz. C`kanssm`k by gk gccusnd By nvmdnkcn gs pr`vmdnd mk Grtmcen 76 `a W.S.@, 7=84. (m) Wgte-m-Gjd K`t Emgben t` Wgsms< Wgte-m-Gjd shgee k`t bn emgben t` Wgsms mk thn a`ee`wmkf cgsns. Vhnk gk `aankdnr ms jmk`r `r mksgkn Vhnk gk `aankdnr cgusns dngth `a hms chmed `r frgkdchmed h`w e`w s` nvnr. Vhnk gky wgem `a thn vmctmj ms g dmrnct dnscnkdgkt h`w e`w s` nvnr `a thn `aankdnr. (mm) Cgsns Vhnrn Wgsms a`r Wgte-m-Gjd k`t Nka`rcnd ^/Sn c 396< Wgsms a`r Wgte-m-Gjd shgee k`t bn nka`rcnd mk thn a`ee`wmkf cgsns. Vhnk thn `aankcn dmns bna`rn thn nka`rcnjnkt `a qgsms. Vhnk gky wgem v`euktgrmey gkd wmth`ut durnss wgmvns `r c`jp`ukd thn rmfht `a Wgsms u/snc 39= gkd 379 rnspnctmvney. Vhnk thn rmfht `a Wmsgs dnv`evns `k thn `aankdnr gs g rnsuet `r thn t hn dngth `a thn wgem `a thn vmctmj `r `k thn pnrs`k wh` hgs k` rmfht ` a qmsgs gfgmkst thn `aankdnr. B. Hurt Cgsns< Wmsgs shgee ges` bn nka`rcnd mk s`jn hurt c gsns, gkd thn prmkcmpen `a nka`rcnjnkt gkd nvmdnkcn wmee bn sgjn gs mt ms mk qgte cgsns. c gsns. Mk hurt cgsns, Wmsgs shgee bn nka`rcnd ukdnr a`ee`wmkf pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C. Snctm`k 334 Snctm`k 331 Snctm`k 336-G(mm) (Q) Thn`ry @a Wmsgs< Thn bgsmc thn`ry `a Wmsgs ms rntrmbutmvn rntr mbutmvn m-n gk nys a`r gk nys. g t``th a`r g t``th ntc. >. Deygt< (M) Jngkmkf< (m) Enfge Jngkmkf< ― Dmygt jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k frgktnd t` thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj by thn `aankdnr.‚ (mm) Jngkmkf ^/snc 2==(n)<

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Ygfn 47

―Dmygt jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k spncmamnd mk snctm`k 323 pgygben t` thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj.‚ (MM) Bgsmc Yrmkcmpge @a Dmygt< Dmygt ms g c`jpnksgtm`k a`r hujgk eman. Mk thn dnamkmtm`k u/snc 323 thn w`rds ―hnmrs `a v mctmj‚ hgvn bnnk usnd gkd k`t thn w`rds ― thn vmctmj `r hms hnmrs‚. Thms jngks thgt Dmygt ms g c`jpnksgtm`k pgygben `key mk cgsns `a Wgte, gkd k`t mk cgsns `a hurt. (MMM) Rmfht @a Dmygt< Dmygt ms g rmfht `a thn wgem `a thn vmctmj gkd nxncutnd by t hn stgtn. (MQ) Dmygt Gs Yukmshjnkt A`r Dmaanrnkt @aankcns ^kdnr Y.Y.C< A`r a`ee`wmkf `aankcns, pukmshjnkt `a Dmygt mk thn a`ee`wmkf cgsns. Vhnrn `aankdnr fumety `a Wgte-m-Gjd ms k`t emgben t` Wmsgs , `r Vhnrn Wmsgs ms k`t nka`rcngben, `r Vhnrn `kn `a thn snvnrge Vgems d`ns k`t Vgmvn rmfht `a Wmsgs gkd mk such cgsn w`ued bn nktmtend t` hms shgrn `a Dmygt.(KER 7==3 crmjmkge 293) (mm)Wgte Shmbh Gjd< Wgte Shmb-Gjd ms emgben t` thn pgyjnkt `a dmygt u/snc 371. (mmm)Wgte-m-Ohgtg< Wgte-m-Ohgtg ms ges` emgben t` thn pgyjnkt `a dmygt u/snc 37= gkd 329. (mv)Wgte-bms-Sgbgb< Wgte-bms-Sgbgb ms ges` emgben t` thn pgyjnkt `a dmygt u/snc 322. (v) Thn`ry @a Dmygt< Thn bgsmc thn`ry `a Dmygt ms thn c`jpnksgtm`k gkd pr`vmdn rnemna t` thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj. (QM) Qgeun @a Dmygt ^/Snc 323< Thn vgeun `a dmygt shgee bn amx by thn c`urt, onnpmkf mk vmnw thn a`ee`wmkf p`mkts. m. Mklukctm`ks `a Msegj gs egmd d`wk mk H`ey Wurgk gkd Sukkgh. Thn vgeun ms k`t amxnd mk thn H`ey Wurgk gkd mt ms k`t stgtmc. Mt ms sgmd thgt Hgzrgt ^jnr Agr``q (R.G) nkhgkcnd thn vgeun `a Dmygt amxnd durmkf thn emantmjn `a H`ey Yr`phnt (Y.B.^.H) mm. Amkgkcmge p`smtm`k `a thn c`kvmct, gkd mmm. Amkgkcmge Y`smtm`k `a thn vmctmj. G. Emjmt `a Dmygt J`kny< Thn dmygt j`kny j`kny amxnd by thn c`urt , shgee k`t bn enss thgk thn vg eun `a thn thmrty th`usgkd, smx hukdrnd gkd thmrty frgjs, `a smevnr. Cgsn Egw 7=== JED 2267 Mt wgs hned thgt c`urt c` urt cgk nkhgkcn gj`ukt `a Dmygt, but cgk k`t r nducn thn vgeun amxnd mk gcc`rdgkcn wmth thn h`ey Wurgk gkd Sukkgh. Qgeun `a Smevnr< Thn andnrge F`vt, shgee by k`tmamcgtm`k mk thn `aamcmge Fgznttn dncegrn thn vgeun `a smevnr `k thn amrst `a Luey ngch yngr `r `k such dgtn gs mt jgy dnnj amt , whmch shgee bn thn vgeun pgygben durmkf g amkgkcmge yngrs. (QMM)Dmsbursnjnkt @a Dmygt ^/Snc 339<

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Ygfn 42

Thn dmygt shgee bn dmsbursnd gj`kf thn hnmrs `a t hn vmctmj gcc`rdmkf t` thnmr rnspnctmvn shgrns mk mkhnrmtgkcn (m)Vhnrn Gky Hnmr A`rf`ns hms Shgrn< Vhnrn gky hnmr `a thn vmctmj a`rf`ns hms shgrn, thn dmygt shgee k`t bn rnc`vnrnd t` thn nxtnkt nxtn kt `a hms shgrn. (QMMM) Ygyjnkt @a Dmygt ^/snc 337< (m)J`dn `a Ygyjnkt< g. Mk eujpsuj, `r b. Mk mkstgeejnkts sprngd `vnr g pnrm`d `a t hrnn yngrs ar`j thn dgtn `a thn amkge ludfjnkt. (mm)Agmeurn t` Ygy Dmygt by C`kvmct< Vhnrn g c`kvmct agmes t` pgy dmygt `r gky pgrt thnrn`a wmthmk thn pnrm`d `a thrnn yngrs. Hn jgy bn onpt mk lgme l gme t` snrvn smjpen mjprms`kjnkt uktme thn dmygt ms pgmd auee, `r Jgy bn rnengsnd bgme ma hn aurkmshns sncurmty nqumvgenkt t` thn gj`ukt `a dmygt, t` thn sgtmsagctm`k `a thn c`urt. Ynrm`d `a Mjprms`kjnkt mk Cgsn `a Dnaguet< Knmthnr thn pr`vmsm`k `a snc. 337Y.Y.C pr`vmdn gky dnamkmtn pnrm`d `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r dnaguet mk pgyjnkt `a dmygt, k`r thn c`urt hgs thn p`wnrs t` amx such pnrm`d. Jgttnr wgs thnrn a`rn, rnanrrnd t` thn egw-jgomkf guth`rmty t` c`ksmdnr thms gspnct.(7==8 YC r EL 7687) 1. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Wmsgs Gkd Dmygt< (M)Yrmkcmpen< Yukmshjnkt `a Wmsgs ms bgsnd `k thn prmkcmpge `a rntgemgtm`k. Yukmshjnkt `a Dmygt ms bgsnd `k thn prmkcmpen `a c`jpnksgtm`k. (MM) Gppemcgbmemty< Yukmshjnkt `a Wmsgs ms gppemcgben `k cgsns `a Wgte gkd hurt. Yukmshjnkt `a Dmygt ms gppemcgben `key mk cgsns `a Wgte. (MMM) Gs T` Dnjgkd< Wmsgs ms thn rmfht `a thn vmctmj vmc tmj `r thn wgem `a thn vmctmj gkd j gy bn dnjgkdnd by nmthnr `a t hnj. Dmygt ms thn rmfht `a thn t hn wgem `a thn vmctmj gkd mt jgy bn dnjgkdnd by thnj ge`kn. (MQ)Naanct @a Vgmvnr @a Rmfht< Vhnk gky wgem `a thn vmctmj wgmvns hms rmfht `a qmsgs, mt shgee k`t bn nka`rcnd gfgmkst c`kvmct. Vgmvmkf `a rmfht `a dmygt by gky `a thn wgem `a thn vmctmj d`ns k`t gaanct thn rmfht `a `thnrs. (Q) Gppemcgbmemty @k Dmaanrnkt Omkds @a Wgte< Wmsgs ms gppemcgben `key t` thn Wget-m-Gjd. Dmygt ms gppemcgben `k Wgte-m-gjd, Wgte-Shmbh-gjd, Wgtge Ohgtg, Wgtge-bms-Sgbgb. 6. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn `aankcns rnegtmkf t` Wmsgs gkd Dmygt grn `aankcns rnegtmkf t` Hgq``q-ueMbgd. Wmsgs gkd Dmygt wmee bn thn rmfht `a wgem `a thn vmctmj gkd grn nxn cutnd by thn stgtn. W whgt grn dmaanrnkt omkds `a Wgte gkd thnmr pukmshjnkts0 Vhnk ms mt emgben t` W Dnamkn gkd aueey nxpegmk thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk qgte-m-ohgtg gkd qgte-dms-sgbgb. Mktr`ductm`k<

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Ygfn 43

Gcc`rdmkf t` Msegjmc egw, thnrn grn omkd `a qute. Vhmch hgvn bnnk mkceudnd mk Y.Y.C. Thn w`rd ― Wqte‚ smjpey jngks thn ukegwaue omeemkf `a g hujgk bnmkf. Mt ms nqumvgenkt t` cuepgben h`jmcmdn cuepgben h`jmcmdn nmthnr gj`ukts t` jurdnr m-n-qgte-e-Gjd `r d`sn k`t gj`ukt t` jurdnr gs dnamknd mk snctm`k 37>, 378, gkd 32 7 Y.Y.C. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`w grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C nfgrdmkf thn c `kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 392 t` 322 Y.Y.C. Dnamkmtm`k @a Wgte ^/Snc. 2==(L< ―Wgte jngks cgusmkf dngth `a pnrs`k.‚ Omkds @a Wgte< A`ee`wmkf grn thn dmaanrnkt omkds `a Wgte. (M) Wgte-e-GJD (MM) Wgte shmbh-m-Gnd (MMM) Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 3=> (MQ) Wgte- Bms- Sgbgb (M) Wget-e-GJD< Dnamkmtm`k u/snc 399< Vh`nvnr wmth thn mktnktm`k `a c gusmkf dngth `r wmth thn mktnktm`k `a cgusmkf b`dmey mklury t` g pnrs`k by d`mkf gk gct whmch mk thn `rdmkgry c` ursn `a kgturn ms emoney t` cgusn dngth ` r wmth thn ok`wendfn thgt hms gct ms s` mjjmknktey dgkfnr`us thgt just mk gee pr`bgbmemty cgusn dngth cgusns thn dngth `a such pnrs`k, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt qgte-m- gjd. B. Mkfrndmnkts @a Snc. 399< A`ee`wmkf grn thn mkfrndmnkts `a Snc. 399. (m) Mktnktm`k< T` c`kstmtutn thn `aankcn `a Wgte- e-Gjd thnrn just bn mktnktm`k t` cgusn dngth `r t` cgusn b`dmey mklury, `k thn pnrt `a thn `aankdnr whnrn thn gccusnd hgd thn mktnktm`k t` cgusn such b`dmey mklury gs hn oknw t` bn emoney t` cgusn c gusn thn vmctmj, s dngth `r ma hn oknw thgt hms gct wgs s` mjjmknktey dgkfnr`us thgt mt just mk gee pr`bgbmemty cgusn dngth hn w`ued bn fumety `a Wgte-m-gjd. (mm) D`mkf `a Gct< Mktnktm`k just bn gcc`jpgkmnd wmth d`mkf `a gk gct whmch mk thn `rdmkgry c`ursn `a kgturn ms emoney t` cgusn dngth `r whmch ms s` mjjmknktey dgkfnr`us thgt mt just mk gee pr`bgbmemty cgusn dngth. Thn phrgsn ― Mjjmknktey dgkfnr`us‚ dnges wmth cgsns whnrn gk gct mk d`sn wmth`ut gky mktnktm`k t` omee but wmth such uttnr dmsrnfgrd `a c`ksnqunkcns thgt thnrn ms mjputgben ok`wendfn thgt dngth ms gk n xtrnjney c`ktmkfnkcy. Meeustrgtm`k< G” sh``ts ‘\” wmth thn mktnktm`k `a omeemkf hmj .”G” c`jjmts thn `aankcn `a Wgte-m-gjd. Wgte-m-gjd. (mmm)Cgusmkf `a Dngth< T` c`kstmtutn Wgte-m-gjd. Thn gct just rnsuet mk cgsmkf `a dngth `a gk`thnr pnrs`k. Gccusnd cgk c`jn wmthmk thn jmschmna `a thms snctm`k `key ma dngth ms dmrnct rnsuet `a thn mklury mkaemctnd by thn gccusnd. (YED7=61 Sc 366) C. Dntnrjmkmkf Agct`rs< A`ee`wmkf agct`rs jgy bn tgonk mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k by thn c`urt t` dntnrjmkn whnthnr thn gccusnd mk fumety `a qgte-m-gjd `r k`t.

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Ygfn 44

Jgkknr `a cgusmkf thn mklurmns gs dnamknd by t hn pr`sncutm`k wmtknssns. Thn kgturn `a thn mklurmns cgusnd. Thn pgrt `a thn b`dy whnrn thny wnrn cgusnd. Thn wngp`k usnd by thn gccusnd mk thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn. Thn c`kduct `a thn gccusnd. D. Yr``a `a Wgte-M-GJD< Yr`sncutm`k hgs t` nstgbemsh mts cgsn gfgmkst thn gccusnd bny`kd rngs`kgben d`ubt gkd nvnry d`ubt ms t` bn rns`evnd mk ag v`ur `a thn gccusnd.(2==4 SC JR 7174) N. Yukmshjnkt u/snc 392< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgte-M gjd shgee bn pukmshnd wmth< Dngth gs qmsgs. Dngth `r mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman gs tg zmr hgvmkf rnfgrd t` thn agcts gkd c mrcujstgkcns `a thn cgsn, ma thn pr``a mk nmthnr `a thn a`rjs spnc mamnd mk snctm`k 394 ms k`t gvgmegben, `r Cgsn egw Y.E.D 7==4 S.S 264 Snc. 392 `a Ygomstgk pnkge c`dn t hnrna`rn, mtsnea c`ktnjpegtns pegmkey cengrey g cgtnf `ry `a cgsns whmch grn wmthmk thn dnamkmtm`k `a Wgte-M Gjd but a`r whmch thn pukmshjnkt cgk, ukdnr thn Msegjmc Egw, bn `kn `thnr thgk dngth `r eman mjprms`kjnkt. Gk t` whgt grn thn cgsns ageemkf ukdnr c7usn © `a 392, thn, egw jgonr hgs enat mt t` c`urts t` dncmdn `k g cgsn t` cgsn bgsms Mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` twnkty-amvn yngrs, whnrn gcc`rdmkf t` thn mklukctm`ks `a Msegj thn pukmshjnkt `a qmsgs ms k`t gppemcgben. A. Y``a `a Wgte-m-Gjd Emgben t` Wmsgs u/snc 394< Yr``a `a Wgte-m-gjd shgee bn mk gky `a thn a`ee`wmkf a``rkms. (m) C`kanssm`k (mm) Nvmdnkcn pr`vmdnd by grtmcen 76 W.S.@, 7=84. (m) C`kanssm`k< Gccusnd just jgons bna`rn g c`urt c`jpntnkt t` try thn `aankcn ` aankcn g v`euktgry gkd trun c`kanssm`k `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn. g. Jngkmkf `a C`kanssm`k< ―mt ms k`t dnamknd mk Y.Y.C. Kgrygkswgjm vs njpnr`r (gmr 7=3=)< ―G‚ c`kanssm`k ms g stgtnjnkt jgdn by gk gccusnd whmch just nmthnr gdjmt mk tnrjs t hn `aankcn `r gt gky rgtn substgktmgeey gee agct whmch c`kstmtutn thn th n `aankcn.‚ b. Bna`rn C`jpntnkt C`urt< C`kanssm`k just bn jgdn bna`rn g c`urt c`jpntnkt t` try thn `aankcn. Nxt rg ludmcmge c`kanssm`k ms

YYC

Ygfn 4>

nxceudnd a`rj thn gjbmt `a pr``a `a Wgtm -M gjd emgben t` qmsgs, by snc. 349 Y.Y.C. c. Trun gkd Q`euktgrmey< Thn tnst `a gdjmssmbmemty `a c`kanssm`k mts v`euktgrmknss, thn qunstm`k gs t` whnthnr g c`kanssm`k wgs v`euktgry bnmkf g qunstm`k `a agct, hgd t` bn dntnrjmkn onnpmkf mk vmnw thn agcts gkd cmrcujstgkcns `a ngch cgsn grn hgrd gkd agst ruen `a fnknrge gppemcgtm`k c`ued bn egmd d`wk (2993YCREL7272) (mm) Nvmdnkcn Yr`vmdnd mk Grtmcen 76 `a W.S@ 7=84) Wgte-m-gjd emgben t` Wmsgs jgy bn pr`vnd by thn nvmdnkcn gs pr`vmdnd mk Grtmcen 76 `a W.S.@,7=84. (MM) Wgte ShMbh-e GJD< G. Dnamkmtm`k u/sn 37>< Vh`nvnr wmth mktnkt t` cgusn hgr j t` thn b`dy `r jmkd `a gky pnrs`k, cgusns thn dngth `a thgt `r `a gky `thnr pnrsn by jngks `a g wngp`k `r gk gct whmch w hmch mk thn `rdmkgry c`ursn (kgturn ms k`t emoney t` cgusn dngth, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt qgte Shmbhm – Shmbhm –MM gjd . B. Meeustrgtm`k ‘G” mk `rdnr t` cgusn hurt strmons ‘\” wmth g stmco c st`kn whmch mk thn `rdmkgry ` rdmkgry c`ursn `a kgturn ms k`t emoney t` cgusn dngth. ‘\” dmns gs g rnsuet `a such hurt. ‘G” shgee bn fumety `a qgte shmbh –M –M gjd. C. Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkt `a snn.37>. (m) Cgusmkf dngth `a hujgk bnmkfs (mm) Mktnktm`k wgs t` cgusn hgrj t` b`dy `r jmkd. (mmm) Dngth just bn cgusnd by jngks `a g wngp`k `r g gct. (mv) Vhmch mk `rdmkgry cgusn `a kgturn ms k`t emoney t` cgusn dngth. D. Yukmshjnkt u/snc 371< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgte - shmbh – shmbh –MM gjd bn emgben t` dmygt gkd j gy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` a`urtnnk yngrs gs tgzmr. (m) Jngkmkf `a Dmygt u/snc 2==(n)< Dmygt jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k spncmamnd mk snctm`k 323 pgygben t` thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj. Vhmch ms k`t enss thgk thn vgeun `a thmrty th`usgkd, smx hukdrnd gkd thmrty frgjs `a smevnr. (MMM)Wgte – (MMM)Wgte  –MM ohgtg Damkmtm`k u/snc 378< Vh`nvnr wmth`ut gky mktnktm`k t` cgusn dngth ` a `r hgrj t` g pnrs`k cgusn dngth `a such pnrs`k nmthnr by jmstgon `a gct `r by jmstgon `a agct. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” gmjs gt g dnnr dnn r hut jmssns thn tgrfnt gkd Omee O mee ‘\” wh` ms stgkdmkf by ‘G” ms fumety `a Wgte m- Ohgtg. A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc 378. (m) Cgusmkf dngth `a g hujgk bnmkf. (mm) ^kmktnktm`kgeey (mmm) By jmstgon `a agct, `r (mv) By jmstgon `a gct. Yukmshjnkt<

YYC

Ygfn 41

(m) ^/snc 37= Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgte-M ohgtg shgee bn emgben dmygt gkd whnrn mt wgs c`jjmttnd by gky rgsh knfemfnkt gct thn `aankdnr jgy mk gddmtm`k t` dmygt ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` amvn yngrs gs tgzmr. (mm) ^/snc 329< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgte – qgte –M-ohgtg M-ohgtg by rgsh `r knfemfnkt drmvmkf shgee mk gddmtm`k t` dmygt by pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tnk yngrs. g. Sc`pn< V`rd drmvmkf mk mts gppemcgtm`k u/snc 329 ms emjmtnd t` g pnrs`k `r pnrs`k `k r`gd gkd k`t t` gkmjges `k thn r`gd. Mklury `r dngth dn gth `a `ccupgkts `r pgssnkfnrs `a g drmvnk vnhmcen wmee k`t bn c`vnrnd by jmschmna `a snc. 329 Y.Y.C(7==>JMED 766>) (MQ)Wgte- Bes-Sgbgb< Dnamkmtm`k ^/snc 327< Vh`nvnr wmth`ut gky mktnktm`k t` cgusn dngth ` a `r hgrj t` gky pnrs`k d`sn gky ukegwaue gct whmch bnc`jn g cgsn a`r thn dngth `a gk`thnr pnrs`k, ms sgmd t` c`jjmt qgte- bms-sgbgb. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” ukegwaueey dmfs g pmt mk thn th`r`ufhagrn, but wmth`ut gky mktnktm`k t` cgusn thn dngth `a `r hgrj t` gky pnrs`k. ‘B” whmen pgssmkf a`rj thnrn agees mk mt gkd ms omeend ‘G” hgs c`jjmttnd qgteqgte- bms- sgbgb. Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc. 32 7. (m) Cgusmkf dngth `a g hujgk bnmkf (mm) ^kmktnktm`kgeey (mmm) By d`mkf `a gk ukegwaue gct (mv) Thgt ukegwaue gct bnc`jns t hn cgusn `a thn dngth Yukmshjnkt u/snc 322< Vh`nvnr c`jjmts qgey-bms-sgbsb shgee bn emgben t` dmygt. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Wgte-e-ohgtg Gkd Wgtge- Bms- Sgbgb< (m) Gs T` Jmstgon< Wgte-m-ohgtg ms c`jjmttnd dun t` s`jn jmstgon whmch ms nmthnr `a agct `r gct. Wgte- bms – bms – sgbgb  sgbgb ms wh`eey ukmktnktm`kge gkd whmth gky jmstgon. (MM)Cgusn @a Dngth< Mk Wgte-m-ohgtg, cgusn `a thn dngth ms thn dmrnct gct `a thn `aankdnr. Mk Wgte-bms-sgbsb, cgusn `a thn dngth ms s`jn gk`thnr ukegnaue mktnrvnkmkf gct. (MMM) Gffrgvgtmkf Yukmshnjnkt< Yukmshjnkt `a qgte-M – qgte-M –ohgtg ohgtg ms thn pgyjnkt `a dmygt but ma mt ms c`jjmttnd by gky rgsh `a knfemfnkt gct thn `aankdnr jgy. Mk gddmtm`k t` dmygt ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt. Wgte-m-bms-sgbgb ms pukmshgben `key wmth dmtygt

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Ygfn 46

MQ)Naanct @a Rgsh @r Knfemfnkt< Ma Wgte-m-ohgtg ms c`jjmttnd by rgsh `r kn femfnkt drmvmkf thn pukmshjnkt ms thn pgyjnkt `a Dmyt wmth mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tnk yngrs. Naanct `a drmvmkf ms k`t pr`vmdnd a`r qgte-bms-sgbgb. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn. M cgk sgy, thgt qgte ms thn cgusmkf `a dngth `a gk`thnr pnrs`k. Mt jgy bn mktnktm`kge ukmktnktm`kge. Thnrn grn dmaanrnkt typns `a qgte pr`vmdnd ukdnr Y.Y.C. qgte w hmch gj`uktnd t` jurdnr ms cgeend qgte-m-gjd whmen thn qget whmch d`sn k`t gj`uktnd t` jurdnr ms cgeend qgte shmbh-gjd, qgte-mohgtg gkd Wgtge-bms-sgdgd- Jnksrng ms gk nssnktmge mkfrndmnkt `a qgte-M- ohgtg gkd qgte-m-shmebh-gjd whmen mk thn rnjgmkmkf tw` cgsns j nks- rng cgkk`t c`ktnjpegtnd. Yrmkcmpen @a Qmcgrm`us Emgbmemty W Vrmtn g dntgme k`tn `k prmkcmpen vmcgrm`us emgbmemty. 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Thn emgbmemty ms thn uetmjgtn purp`sn `a thn egw bncgusn thn wr`kf d`sn just jgon up `r suaanr a`r hn hgs gerngdy agmend mk d`mkf whgt hn `ufht t` hgvn d`kn. Gs g fnknrge ruen, jgk ms gkswnrgben a`r hms `wk gcts but mk cnrtgmk cgsns, hn ms emgben a`r thn gcts `a ` a `thnr gkd thnsn grn thn cgsns `a vmcgrm`us emgbmemty. 2. Jngkmkf @a  Qmcgrm`us  Qmcgrm`us Emgbmemty< Mt ms g smtugtm`k mk whmch g pnrs`k snrvns mkstngd `a s`jn`kn nesn `r s`jnthmkf nesn . 3. Qmcgrm`us Emgbmemty Mk Crmjmkge Cgsns< Qmcgrm`us emgbmemty ms k`t c`jj`k mk crmjmkge egw. Gs g fnknrge ruen, g pnrs`k cgkk`t bn pukmshnd a`r g crmjn c`jjmttnd by gk`thnr thms ruen ms sublnct t` cnrtgmk nxcnptm`ks. (M) Nxcnptm`ks< Gt c`jj`k egw, thnrn wnrn `key tw` nxcnptm`k. (m) Yubemc Kumsgkcn< Mk pubemc kumsgkcn, gky njpe`ynr jmfht hn hned emgben a`r thn gct `a hms njpe`ynn, nvnk t h`ufht hn hmjsnea dmd k`t ok`w, mt hgd tgonk pegcn. (mm) Crmjmkge Embne< Mk crmjmkge embne, g knwspgpnr pr`prmnt`r wgs emgben a`r embnes pubemshnd by hms njpe`ynns wmth`ut , hms guth`rmty `r c`ksnkt. @thnr Nxcnptm`ks ^kdnr Stgtutn< By stgtutn thnrn grn jgky `aankcns, whmch rnc`kfmsnd ruen `a vmcgrm`us emgbmemty snctm`k 34 gkd 74= ` a Y.Y.C njb`dmns thn ruen vmcgrm`us emgbmemty a`r crmjns, whmch hned pnrs`ks emgben a`r t hn gcts `a `thnrs. 4. Qmcgrm`us Emgbmemty Mk Cmvme Cgsns< Cmvme egw rnc`fkmzns thn prmkcmpen `a vmcgrm`us emgbmemty. Cmvme egw rnc`fkmzns vmcgrm`us emgbmemty mk tw` cgsns. (M) Jgstnr ‘ s Emgbmemty A`r Thn Gcts @a Thn Snrvgkt< Thn jgstnrs bnc`jn emgben a`r thn gcts `a thnmr snrvgkts ma thny hgd dnenfgtnd thnj p`wnrs t` d` cnrtgmk thmkfs. (MM) Rnsp`ksmbmemty @a Emvmkf Ynrs`ks A`r Thn Gcts @a Thn Dncngsnd< Thn rmfht `a thn mklurnd pgrt t` rncnmvn rndrnss c`ktmkuns gfgmkst thn rnprnsnktgtmvns `a thn dngd. >. Grmsnjnkt @a Qmcgrm`us Emgbmemty<

YYC

Ygfn 48

Thn emgbmemty `a `thnr jgy grmsn by< (m) Subsnqunkt rgtmamcgtm`k `r prnvm`us guth`rmty. (mm) Gbntjnkt (mmm) Rnegtm`kshmp (M) Emgbmemty By Rgtmamcgtm`k< G pnrs`k ms emgben a`r thn gct `a gk`thnr pnrs`k., ma thgt `thnr pnrs`k hgs c`jjmttnd thgt gct wmth thn prnvm`us guth`rmty `a such pnrs`k `r such pnrs`k hgs subsnqunktey rgtmamnd thn gct `a thgt `thnr pnrs`k. C`kdmtm`ks< A`ee`wmkf c`kdmtm`ks just bn sgtmsamnd t` h`ed g pnrs`k emgben a`r thn gct `a gk`thnr `k thn fr`ukd `a rgtmamcgtm`k. g. @key such gcts bmkds thn prmkcmpge whgt ms d`kn `k hms bnhgea. b. Thn pnrs`k rgtmaymkf thn gct just hgvn ok`wendfn `a t`rtu`us chgrgctnr `a thn gct. c. Meenfge gkd v`md cgkk`t bn rgtmamnd. (MM) Emgbmemty By Rnegtm`kshmp< Rn egtm`kshmp< Emgbmemty by gbntjnkt ms thgt g pnrs`k wh` gbnts t` c`jjmt thn t`rt, ms rnsp`ksmben a`r thgt gct. (MMM) Emgbmemty a`r thn gcts `a `thnr jgy bn grmsn `ut `a nxmstmkf spncmge rnegtm`kshmp bntwnnk thnj. g. Jgstnr gkd Snrvgkt< G jgstnr ms rnsp`ksmben t` nvnk such wr`kf `a thn snrvgkt gs mt c`jjmttnd mk thn c`ursn `a njpe`yjnkt, snrvmcn `r busmknss, th`ufh k` nxprnss c`jjgkd bn pr`vnd. Thms ms bgsnd `k thn jgxmj. b. Yrmkcmpge gkd Gfnkt< G prmkcmpge ms emgben t` thmrd pnrs`k a`r t`r tu`us gct `a hms snrvgkts, mt ms wgs d`kn mk t hn sc`pn `a hms gfnkcy, geth`ufh thn prmkcmpge dmd k`t guth`rmzn mt. c. C`jpgky gkd Dmrnct`r< G c`jpgky ms emgben t` thmrd pnrs`k a`r t`rts grmsmkf a`rj d`mkf `a cnrtgmk mktrg vmrns gc t by mts dmrnct`rs. d. Amrj gkd Ygrtknr< G amrj ms emgben a`r t`rts c`jjmttnd by g pgrtknr mk thn `rdmkgry c`ursn `a thn busmknss `a thn amrj. n. Fugrdmgk gkd Vgrd< Fugrdmgks grn k`t pnrs`kgeey emgben a`r t`rts c`jjmttnd by jmk`rs ukdnr thnmr chgrfn. But fugrdmkf cgk sun a`r pnrs`k mklurmns t` jmk`rs ukdnr t hnmr chgrfn `k thnmr bnhgea. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt k`rjgeey gkd kgturgeey thn pnrs`k wh` ms emgben a`r g wr`kf ms hn wh` d`kn mt. ]nt b`th gkcmnkt gkd j`dnrk egw gdjmt mkstgkcn `a vmcgrm`us emgbmemty, mk whmch `kn jgk ms jgdn gkswnrgben a`r thn gcts `a gk`thnr.s Jngsurnjnkt @a Crmjmkge Emgbmemty W H`w crmjmkge emgbmemty ms jngsurnd t` dntnrjmkn gppr`prmgtn pukmshjnkt . W Vhgt nenjnkts grn tgonk t gonk mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k mk dntnrjmkmkf thn gppr`prmgtn pukmshjnkt. Mktr`ductm`k< Thn rnsp`ksmbmemty `r emgbmemty ms thn uetmjgtn purp`sn `a thn egw bncgusn thn wr`kf-d`nr just jgon up `r suaanr a`r hn hgs gerngdy gern gdy agmend mk d`mkf whgt hn `ufht t` hgvn d`kn. M t ms thn uetmjgtuj `a thn egw gkd hgs mts s`urcn mk thn suprnj n wmee `a thn stgtn. Mt grmsns a`rj g wr`kf `r thn brngch `a g duty. Dnamkmtm`k @a Emgbmemty<

YYC

Ygfn 4=

(M) Gcc`rdmkf T` Sgek`kd<―Emgbmemty Sgek`kd<―Emgbmemty `r rnsp`ksmbmemty ms thn b`kd `a kncnssmty thgt nxmsts bntwnnk thn wr`kf-d`nr gkd thn rnjndy `a thn wr`kf. (MM) Gcc`rdmkf T` Jgroby< ―Thn w`rd emgbmemty ms usnd t` dnscrmbn thn c`kdmtm`k `a g pn rs`k wh` hgs g duty duty t` pnra`rj. ― Cgsn Egw 299> ]ER 642 Mt wgs hned thgt suprnjn `blnct `blnc t wmth thn c`urt ms gewgys t` gdjmkmstnr nvnk hgkdnd lustmcn t` pgrtmns mk g crmjmkge cgsn wmth`ut uk-rngs`kgbey engrkmkf mk agv`ur `a thn pgrty k`r dnprmvmkf thn `thnr pgrty `a mts dun rmfht t` `aanr dnankcn. dnankcn . C`urt just onnp thn scgen lustmcn nvnk t` b`th smdns gkd c`kduct `a t hn pr`cnndmkf just vmsmbey t` rnaenctmvn `a mts c engk gkd uk-bmgsnd jmkd mk nvnry snksn. Omkds @a Emgbmemty< A`ee`wmkf grn thn dmaanrnkt omkds `a emgbmemty. (m) Cmvme emgbmemty (mm) Crmjmkge emgbmemty (mmm) Rnjndmge Emgbmemty (mv) Qmcgrm`us emgbmemty (v) Strmct emgbmemty Crmjmkge Emgbmemty< Crmjmkge emgbmemty ms thn emgbmemty t` bn pukmshnd mk g crmjmkge pr`cnndmkf. Thn rndrnss a`r c rmjmkge emgbmemty mk ms thn a`rj t` pukmshjnkt whmch jgy bn mk thn a`rj `a mjprms`kjnkt, amkn `r dngth. (M) C`kdmtm`ks @a Crmjmkge Emgbmemty< Thnrn just bn tw` c`kdmtm`k bna`rn amxmkf crmjmkge emgbmemty (m) Gctus rnus (mm) Jnks rng (m) Gctus Rnus< Thn amrst c`kdmtm`k ms thn gctus `r prn scrmbnd gct Sgej`kd cgees mt thn physmcge `r jgtnrmge c`kdmtm`k `a emgbmemty. Ma thnrn ms k` gct thnrn cgk-bn k` pukmshjnkt. Lustmcn Brygk Stgtnd< ―Thn th`ufht `a g jgk cgkk`t bn t rmnd, a`r thn dnvme mtsnea ok`wnth k`t thn th`ufht `a g jgk.‚ Nxgjpen< G jgk tgon gk ujbrneeg a`rj g stgkd gt hms ceub wmth mktnkt t` stnge mt ,but amkds mt ms `wk, hn hgs c`jjmttnd k` `aankcn. (mm) Jnks Rng< Thn snc`kd c`kdmtm`k `a crmjmkge emgbmemty ms jnksrng `r fumety jmkd. Gk gct ms pukmshgben `key ma mt ms d`kn mktnktm`kgeey `r knfemfnktey Mktnktm`k gkd knfemfnkcn grn thn getnrkgtmvn a`rjs mk whmch jnks rng cgk nxhmbmt mtsnea. Ma g wr`kfaue gct ms d`kn mktnktm`kgeey, pnkge gctm`k wmee snrvn gs g dntnrrnkt a`r thn auturn. Ma mt ms d`n knfemfnkcn knf emfnkcn `r cgrnenssey, pukmshjnkt wmee jgon thn `aankdnr j`rn vmfmegkt mk auturn. Vhnrn thn egw prnsujns thgt thnrn cgk bn k` wmee gt gee, pnkge pn kge emgbmemty cgk bn mjp`snd, n. f. chmedrnk ukdnr thn gfn `a snvnk gkd mksgkn pnrs`k grn rnfgrdnrd by egw gs mkcgpgben `a hgvmkf jnks rng. (MM) Jngsurnjnkt @a Crmjmkge Emgbmemty< Gcc`rdmkf t` Sge`jkd, a`ee`wmkf nenjnkts sh`ued bn tgon mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k mk dntnrjmkmkf thn jngsurn `a crmjmkge emgbmemty. (m) J`tmvn (mm) Jgfkmtudn `a thn `aankcn (mmm) Chgrgctnr `a thn `aankdnr

YYC

Ygfn >9

(m) J`tmvn< Gs rnfgrds j`tmvn `a `aankcn, thn frngtnr thn tnjptgtm`k t` c`jjmt thn crmjn, thn frngtnr sh`ued bn thn pukmshjnkt. Thn `blnct `a pukmshjnkt ms t` supprnss sth`sn j`tmvn whmch egdn t` crmjns. Thn str`kfnr thnsn j`tmvns grn , thn snvnrn just bn thn pukmshjnkt mk thn cgsn. Ma thn pr`amt t` bn fgmknd a`rj thn gct ms frngt, thn pukmshjnkt sh`ued ges` bn snvnrn pr`p`rtm`kgtney. (mm) Jgfkmtudn `a thn @aankcn< Thn snc`kd ruen a`r thn jngsurnjnkt ` a crmjmkge emgbmemty ms thn jgfkmtudn `a thn `aankcn thn f rngtnr thn jgfkmtudn `a thn `aankcn, thn frngtnr sh`ued bn mts pukmshjnkt. Thn frngtnr thn jmschmna `a gky `aankcn, thn frngtnr ms thn pukmshjnkt whmch mt ms pr`amtgben t` mkaemct wmth thn h`pn `a prnvnktmkf mt. Ma thn pukmshjnkt d`sn k`t vgry wmth thn jgfkmtudn `a thn `aankcn, thnrn wmee bn tnjptgtm`k t` c`jjmt `aankcn `a vnry snrm`us kgturn gs pukmshjnkt ms thn sgjn mk d`th cgsns. Ma pukmshjnkt a`r burfegry gkd jurdnr wnrn t` bn thn sgjn, thn burfegr w`ued k`t st`p gt g enssnr crmjn. (mmm) Chgrgctnr `a thn @aankdnr< Thn chgrgctnr `a thn `aankdnr ` aankdnr sh`ued ges` bn tgonk mkt` c`ksmdnrgtm`k whmch dntnrjmkmkf thn jngsurn `a crmjmkge emgbmemty. Thn w`rsn thn chgrgctnr `r dmsp`smtm`k `a thn `aankdnr, thn j`rn snrm`us sh`ued bn thn pukmshjnkt. Thn egw mjp`sns up`k hgbmtuge `aankdnr pnkgetmns whmch bngr k` rnegtm`k t` thnj jgfkmtudn `a thn `aankcn. Thn j`st dnfrgdnd cr mjmkges grn sgmd t` nxhmbmt mksnksmbmemty nvnk t` physmcge pgmk, jgky jurdnrnrs `a w`rst typn sh`w Mkdmaanrnkcn t` dngth mtsnea. S` mt ms dnsmrgben t` pukmsh j`rn snvnrney thn j`rn c`rrupt. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt Mk c`ksmdnrmkf thn jngsurn `a crmjmkge emgbmemty, thn dntnrrn kt purp`sn `a thn crmjmkge egw sh`ued bn fmvnk nxceusmvn gttnktm`k. Thn pnranct egw ms thgt mk whmch thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnnk thn f``d gkd thn nvme ms gt g jgxmjuj mk agv`ur `a thn f``d gkd t hn ruens gs t` thn jngsurns `a ` a crmjmkge emgbmemty grn thn ruens a`r thn gttgmkjnkt `a thms jgxmjuj. W. Vhgt grn dmaanrnkt omkds `a pukmshjnkts pr`vmdnd ukdnr Y.Y.C. W. Vhgt grn vgrm`us omkds `a pukmshjnkt ukdnr thn pr`vmsm`ks Y.Y.C.0 Vhgt pukmshjnkt mk dnaguet `a pgyjnkt `a amkn cgk bn gwgr dnd0 Mktr`ductm`k< Yukmshjnkt ms thn suaanrmkf mk pnrs`k `r pr`pnrty mkaemctnd by s`cmnty `k thn `aankdnr wh` hgs bnnk gdludfnd fumety `a crmjn ukdnr thn egw. Thn jgmk `blnct `a gwgrdmkf pukmshjnkts a`r `aanksn ms t` crngtn such gk gtj`sphnrn whmch rnstrgmk r nstrgmk pn`pen d`mkf such `aankcns. Snctm`k >3 `a Y.Y.C dnamkns snvnrge typns `a pukmshjnkts a`r dmaanrnkt `aankcns. Dnamkmtm`k `a pukmshjnkt< Begco” s Egw dmctm`kgry ―Gky amkn, pnkgety pnkgety `r c`kamknjnkt mkaemctnd up`k g pnrs`k by thn guth`rmty `a thn egw gkd thn Ludfnjnkt gkd snktnkcn `a g c`urt, s`jn crmjn `r `aankcn c`jjmttnd by hmj `r hms `jmssm`k `a g duty nkl`mknd by egw‚

YYC

Ygfn >7

Rnenvkt pr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf c `kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k >3 `a Y.Y.C. Yurp`sn `a pukmshjnkt Thn purp`sn `a pukmshjnkt ms thn prnvnktm`k `a Y.Y.C `aankcns . Omkds `a pukmshjnkt u/snc >3< Thn pukmshjnkts t` whmch `aankdnrs grn emgben ukdnr thn pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C grn gs ukdnr. 7- Wmsgs 2- Dmygt 3- Grsh 4- Dgjgk >- Tgzmr 1- Dngth 66- Mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman 8- Mjprms`kjnkt whmch kgjney (m) Rmf`r`us m-n wmth hgrd egb`ur (mm)Smjpen =- A`ranmturn `a pr`pnrty

79- Amkn

(M)Wmsgs< Wmsgs jngks ― T` c`py thn `thnr‚ `r t` a`ee`w thn a`ee`w thn pgrt a`ee`wnd by thn `thnr. Thn bgsmc prmkcmpen `a Wmsgs ms smjmegrmty. Ma smjmegrmty `a mklury ms k`t p`ssmben- qmsgs jgy k`t bn nka`rcnd. (m) Dnamkmtm`k u/SNC 2== (O)< ―Wmsgs jngks pukmshjnkt by cgusmkf smjmegr hurt gt thn sgjn pgrt `a thn b`dy `a thn thn c`kvmct gs hn hgs cgusnd t` thn vmctmj `r by cgusmkf hms dngth, ma hn hgs c`jjmttnd qgte-m-gjd mk nxnr cmsn thn rmfht `a thn vmctmj `r g wgem (mm) Nxnctm`k `a Wmsgs Thnrn grn a`ur cgsns mk whmch qmsgs ms k`t gppemcgben `k thn `aankdnr. Dngth `a `aankdnr< Vhnrn thn `aankdnr dmns bna`rn thn nka`rcnjnkt `a Wmsgs. Vgmvnr by wgem< Vhnrn rmfht `a qmsgs ms wgmvnd by gky wgem. C. Rmfht `a Wmsgs dnv`evns `k `aankdnr< Vhnk thn rmfht `a Wmsgs dnv`evns `k thn `aankdnr gs rnsuet `a thn dngth ` a thn Vgem `a thn vmctmj. Vgem hgs k` rmfht `a Wmsgs< Vhnrn rmfht `a Wmsgs dnv`evns `k thn pnrs`k wh` hgs k` rmfht `a qmsgs gfgmkst thn `aankdnr n .f thn s`k cgkk`t nka`rcn qmsgs gfgmkst hms agyhnr. (ee) Dmygt< Dmygt jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k pgygben `key mk cgsns Wgte gkd k`t mk cgsns `a hurt. Mt ms pgygben `key mk cgsns whnrn cgsns gk `aankdnr `aan kdnr fumety `a qgten – qgten –MM –  – gjd  gjd ms k`t emben t` qmsgs `r whn rn ms k`t nka`rcngben. (m) Dnamkmtm`k u/snc 2== (n)< mygt jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k spncmamnd mk snctm`k 323 pgygben t` t hn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj.‚ vmctmj.‚ (mm) Qgeun `a Dmygt u/sng 323< Thn c`urt shgee sublnct t` thn mklukctm`ks `a Msegj gs egmd d`wk mk thn H`ey Wurgk gkd sukkgh, gkd onnpmkf mk vmnw thn amkgkcmge p`smtm`k `a thn c`kvmct gkd thn hnmrs `a thn vmctmj, amx thn vgeun ` a dmygt whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk thn vgeun `a thmrty th`usgkd smx hukdrnd gkd thmrty frgjs smevnr. (MMM)GRSH< Grsh ms thn omkd `a c`jpnksgtm`k pgygben gt thn cgusmkf `a hurt. (m) Dnamkmtm`k u/snc2== (b)<

YYC

Ygfn >2

― Grsh jngks thn c`jpnksgtm`k spncmamnd mk Y.Y.C t` bn pgmd t` thn vmctmj vmctmj `r thn hnmrs.< (mm) Qgeun `a Grsh< Thn vgeun `a Grch wmee bn gssnssnd gt cnrtgmk pnrcnktgfn mkdmcgtnd vgrm`us pr`vmsm`ks `a thn vgeun `a dmygt u/snc 323 Y.Y.C. (MMM) J`dn `a pgyjnkt< Thn Grsh wmee bn pgygben mk eujpsuk `r mk mkstgejnkts sprngdmkf `vnr thrnn yngrs ar`j thn dgtn `a amkge  ludfnjnkt (mmm) Agmeurn t` pgy Grsh? Mk cgsn `a dnaguet, thn `aankdnr jgy bn onpt mk lgme t` sn rvn thn smjpen mjprms`kjnkt uktme Grsh ms pgmd mk auee. Mt jgy bn gwgrdnd mk thn a`ee`wmkf snctm`k. Snctm`k 334 Y.Y.C. Snctm`k 336 Y.Y.C. (mv) Dgjgk< Thn w`rd Dgjgk ms gctugeey Dhjgk. Mt jngks c`jpnksgtm`k whmch ms dntnrjmknd by t hn c`urt. (m) Dnamkmtm`k u/snc 2== (d)< ―Dgjgk kgjns thn c`jpnksgtm`k dntnrjmknd by cgusmkf hurt k`t emgben t` grsh.‚ (mm) Qgeun `a Dgjgk< Thn vgeun `a dgjgk wmee bn dntnrjmknd by thn c`urt, Onnpmkf mk vmnw< Thn nxpnksns mkcurrnd `k thn tr ngtjnkt `a thn vmctmj. E`ss `r dmsgbmemty cgusnd mk thn aukctm`kmkf `r p`wnr `a gky `rfgk. Thn gkfumsh suaanrnd by thn vmctmj. (v) TG\MR< (M) Dnamkmtm`k u/snc 2== (7)< ―Tgmr jngks pukmshjnkt `thnr thgk Wmsgs, Dmygt, grsh `r Dgjgk.‚ (mmm) Yukmshjnkt `a Tgzmr< Tgzmr jgy bn mkaemctnd by mjp`smtm`k `a amkn, mjprms`kjnkt ntc. mt ms t hn pukmshjnkt whmch ms enat t` thn dmscrntm`k `a thn ludfn `r c`urt. (mv) Dngth< Dngth ms thn cgpmtge pukmshjnkt thgt jgy bn gwgr dnd a`r cnrtgmk `aankcns ukdnr Y.Y.C. Such gs< (m) Vgfmkf wgr gfgmkst Ygomstgk u/sng 727 Y.Y.C. (mm) Jurdnr u/snc 392, Y.Y.C. (mmm) Hmlgcomkf u/snc 493- B, Y.Y.C. ntc . (Qmm) Mjprms`kjnkt a`r Eman< Snktnkcn `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman jngks, a`r rnjgmkmkf gs spgk `a kgturge eman `a c`kvmct, whmch ms gccnptnd gs bnmkf `a 2> yngrs durgtm`k. (YED 7=18 EGH. 7) A`ee`wmkf grn s`jn `a thn `aanksn, whnrn mt jgy bn mkaemctnd, gs pukmshjnkt. (m) Sndmtm`k u/snc 724-G Y.Y.C. (mm) C`uktnranmtmkf Ygomstgk c`mk u/sng 232 Y.Y.C. (mmm) Yukmshjnkt a`r jurdnr u/snc 392Y/Y/C

YYC

Ygfn >3

(QMMM) mjprms`kjnkt< Mjprms`kjnkt jngks c`kamknjnkt `a c`kvmct wmthmk cnrtgmk prnscrmbnd emjmts. Thn jgxmjuj pnrm`d `a mjprms`kjnkt thgt cgk bn gwgrdnd a`r gk `aankcn ms a`urtnnk yngrs u/snc >> Y.Y.C gkd thn sh`rtnst tnrj pr`vmdnd a`r gk `aankcn twnkty a`ur h`urs u/ snc >79 Y.Y.C. (M) Omkd `a mjprms`kjnkt< Rmf`r`us

Smjpen

Rmf`r`us < Mk thn cgsn `a rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt, thn `aankdnr ms put t` egb`ur such gs dmffmkf ngrth, drgwmkf wgtnr ntc. Smjeen< Mk thn cgsn `a smjpey mjprms`kjnkt thn `aankdnr ms c`kamkn d t` lgme gkd ms k`t put t` gky omkd `a w`ro. (mx) a`ranmturn `a pr`pnrty < A`ranmturn `a spncmamc pr`pnrty jgy bn gwgrdnd gs pukmshjnkt mk thn a`ee`wmkf snctm`k, (m) snctm`k 721 Y.Y.C (MM) Snctm`k 726. Y.Y.C (mmm) snctm`k 71=, .Y.Y.C (x) Amkn< Amkn ms thn pukmshjnkt whmch jgy bn gwgrdnd mk s`jn `aankcns ge`kf wmth thn mjprms`kjnkt. Amkn ms thn `key pukmshjnkt pr`vmdnd a`r mk snctm`k. 736, 7>4, 7>>, 7>1, 767-F, 767-H, 767- 7.268, 283, gkd 2=9, Y.Y.C Snktnkcn `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r k`k-pgyjnkt `a amkn u/snc 14< Mk nvnry cgsn whnrn whnr n snktnkcn `a amkn ms gwgrdnd whnthnr mt ms ge`kf wmth mjprms`kjnkt `r wmth`ut mjprms`kjnkt, thn c`urt jgy dmrnct thgt mk dnaguet `a pgyjnkt `a thn amkn, thn `aankdnr shgee suaanr mjprms`kjnkt a`r g cnrtgmk tnrj, w hmch shgee bn mk nxcnss `a gky `thnr mjprms`kjnkt t` whmch bn jgy hgvn bnnk snktnkcnd `r t` whmch w hmch hn jgy bn emgben ukdnr g c`jjutgtm`k `a g snktnkcn. (M) Snktnkcn `a mjprms`kjnkt k`t t` ruk c`kcurrnktey< G snktnkcns `a mjprms`kjnkt mk dnaguet `a amkn hgs t` bn snrvnd `ut snpgrgtney. Thgt snktnkcn cgkk`t ruk C@C^RRNKTE wmth gky `thnr snktnkcn. Emjmt `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r k`k-pgyjnkt `a amkn u/snc 1>< Ma thn `aankcn ms pukmshgben wmth mjprms`kjnkt gs wnee gs amkn thn tnrj shgee k`t nxcnnd ` kn a`urth `a thn `a mjprms`kjnkt whmch ms thn jgxmjuj amkds a`r thn `aankcn. Emkmt `a mjprms`kjnkt a`r k`k- pgyjnkt `a amkn u/snc 16< Ma thn `aankcn ms pukmshgben wmth amkn `key, thn mjprms`kjnkt whmch thn c`urt mjp`sns mk dnaguet `a pgyjnkt `a amkn shgee bn smjpen gkd tnrj shgee k`t nxcnnd thn a`ee`wmkf scgen. Gj`ukt `a amkn Tnrj `a mjprms`kjnkt mk dnaguet `a pgyjnkt `a amkn. m. K`t nxcnndmkf K`t nxcnndmkf 2 j`kths Rs. >9/. (mm)K`t nxcnndmkfRs.799/. K`t nxcnndmkf 4 j`kths (mmm)mk gky `thnr cgsn K`t nxcnndmkf 1 j`kths

YYC

Ygfn >4

C`kceusm`k T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt mt ms bgsmc `a crmjmkge lustmcn thgt wr`kf d`sn sh`ued bn pukmshnd. T` aueame thms gmj snctm`k >3 `a Y.Y.C pr`vmdnd dmaanrnkt omkds `a pukmshjnkt bgsnd `k dmaanrnkt thn`rmns vmz dntnrrnkt, Rntrmbutmvn, rna`rjgtmvn c`jpnksgt`ry, prnvnktmvn ntc gpgrt thnsn pukmshjnkts thn pukmshjnkt `a whmppmkf. Gddnd by whmppmkf gct jgy ges` bn gwgrdnd gkd luvnkmen `aankdnrs, snktnkcnd t` mjprms`kjnkt jgy bn snktnkcnd t ` gkd dntgmknd mk g rna`rjgt`ry sch``e a`r g pnrm`d `a 3 t` 6 yngrs. Omdkgppmkf Gkd Gbductm`k W. Dnamkn gkd dmaanrnktmgtn bntwnnk Omdkgppmkf gkd gbductm`k. (2992)(2997),(2999),(7===) 7. mktr`ductm`k< ^kdnr thn Y.Y.C, Omdkgppmkf hgs bnnk dncegrnd g substgktmvn `aankcn. Mt ms `a tw` omkds gkd omdkgppmkf ar`j fugrdmgkshmp ms c`jpentnd gs s``k gs thn jmk`r ms gct ugeey tgonk `ut `a thn cust`dy `a hms `r hnr fugrdmgk whmen thn snctm`k 312 `a Y .Y.C fmvns g dnamkmtm`k `a gbductm`k whmch `ccurs mk s`jn `a thn pnkge pr`vmsm`k whmch a`ee`w. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c `kcnrknd. Snctm`k 319,317 gkd 313 a`r Omdkgppmkf Snctm`k 312 a`r gbductm`k 3. Omdkgppmkf< Thn emtnrge jngkmkf `a Omdkgppmkf ms chmed stngemkf. 4. Omkds @a Omdkgppmkf ^/Snc 3>=< Omdkgppmkf ms a tw` omkds (m) Omdkgppmkf ar`j Ygomstgk (mm) Omdkgppmkf ar`j egwaue fugrdmgkshmp (M) Omdkgppmkf Ar`j Ygomstgk ^/Snc 319< Vh`nvnr c`kvnys gky pnrs`k bny`kd thn emjmts `a Ygomstgk wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a thgt pnrs`k `r `a s`jn pnrs`k `r `a s`jn pnrs`k enf geey guth`rmznd t` c`ksnkt `k bnhgea `a thgt pnrs`k ms sgmd t` Omdkgp thgt pnrs`k ar`j Ygomstgk. Sc`pn< Thn `aankcn `a Omdkgppmkf `ut `a Ygomstgk jgy bn c`jjmttnd mk rnspnct `a jmk`rs gs wnee gs fr`wk fr `wk up pnrs`ks. Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc 319. (m) C`kvnymkf `a gky pnrs`k< Thnrn just bn c`kvnymkf `a gky pnrs`k bny`kd thn emjmts `a Ygomstgk, ar`j Ygomstgk. (mm)Vmth`ut C`ksnkt< Such c`kvnymkf just bn wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt ` a thgt pnrs`k `r `a s`jn pnrs`k, enfgeey guth`rmznd t` c`ksnkt `k bnhgea `a thgt pnrs`k.

YYC

Ygfn >>

Jngkmkf `a C`ksnkt< C`ksnkt jngks gs gctmvn wmee mk thn j mkd `a g pnrs`k t` pnrjmt thn d`mkf `a t hn gct c`jpegmknd `a gkd ok`wendfn `a whgt ms t` bn d`kn, `r `a thn kgturn `a thn gct thgt ms bnmkf d`kn. (MM)Omdkgppmkf Ar`j Egwaue Fugrdmgkshmp ^/Snc. 317< Vh`nvnr tgons `r nktmcns gky jmk`r ukdnr a`urtnnk yngrs `a gfn ma g jgen `r ukdnr smxtnnk yngrs `a gfn ma g anjgen `r gky pnrs`k pn rs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd, `ut `a thn onnpmkf `a thn egwaue f ugrdmgk `a such jmk`r `r pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd, wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a such fugrdmgk ms sgmd t` omdkgp such jmk`r ` r pnrs`k ar`j egwaue fugrdmgkshmp. Mkfrndmnkts< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc. 31 7. (m)Tgomkf `r Nktmcmkf< Thnrn just bn tgomkf `r nktmcmkf gwgy g jmk`r `r g pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd. Thn w`rd tgomkf jngks t` cgpturmkf. Tgomkf ukdnr thms snctm`k d`ns k`t jngk jnrn physmcge tgomkf but ges` mkceudns c`kstructmvn p`ssnssm`k `a fugrdmgk n.f. jnntmkf gt gk gpp`mktnd pegcn `utsmdn. Nktmcmkf ms gk gct `a thn gccusnd by whmch thn pnrs`k Omdkgppnd ms mkducnd `a hms `wk gcc`r d t` f` t` uks`ukd jmkd. (mm)Jmk`r `r Ynrs`k `a ^ks`ukd Jmkd< Thn `aankcn ukdnr thms snctm`k jgy bn c`jjmttnd mk rnspnct `a nmthnr g jmk`r `r g pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd. Gfn `a Jmk`r< Such jmk`r just bn ukdnr a`urtnnk yngrs `a gfn, ma g jgen `r ukdnr smxtnnk yngrs `a gfn, ma g anjgen. (mmm)Onnpmkf @ut `a Egwaue Fugrdmgkshmp< Thn tgomkf `r nktmcmkf just bn `ut `a thn onnpmkf `a thn egwaue fugrdmkf `a such j mk`r pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd. Thn w`rd onnpmkf mjpemns knmthnr gpprnhnksm`k k`r dntnktm`k but rgthnr jgmktnkgkcn, pr`tnctm`k gkd c`ktr`e. g. Egwaue Fugrdmgk< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k t` snctm`k 317 Y .Y.C, thn w`rds egwaue fugrdmkf mkceudn gky pnrs`k egwaueey nktrustnd wmth thn cgrn `r ` r cust`dy `a such jmk`r `thnr pnrs`k thn n xpegkgtm`k ms mktnkdnd t` nxtnkd thn pr`tnctm`k fmvnk t` pgrnkts, gky pnrs`k egwaueey nktrustnd wmth thn cgrn `r cust`dy `a such jmk`r `r `thnr pnrs`k. Thn nxprnssm`k ―Egwaueey nktrustnd‚ smfkmamns thgt thn t hn cgrn gkd cust`dy `a g jmk`r sh`ued hgvn gr msnk mk s`jn egwaue jgkknr. Cgsn Egw 2997 Y.C.R. E.L. 37 Mt wgs hned thgt agthnr `a chmed kgturn Fugrdm`k ge`kf wmth thn j`thnr cgk knvnr bn gscrmbnd `r gttrmbutnd thn `aankcn `a Omdkgppmkf `a hms `wk chmed. (mv)Vmth`ut c`ksnkt `a Fugrdmgk< Thn tgomkf `r nktmcmkf just bn wmth`ut thn c`ksnkt `a fugrdmgk. Thn c`ksnkt `a jmk`r `r pnr s`k `a

YYC

Ygfn >1

uks`ukd jmkd ms mjjgtnrmge. B.Meesutrgtm`k< ‘G” nktmcnd ―B” g jmk`r fmre t` c`jn `ut `a thn t hn h`usn gkd smt mk thn cgr wmth hmj, s` s` thgt hn jmfht drmvn gwgy wmth hnr. Thn `aankcn `a Omdkgppmkf wgs c`jpentn whnk ”B” dr`vn gwgy wmth hnr. Nxcnptm`k< Thms snctm`k d`ns k`t nxtnkd t` thn gct `a gky pnrs`k wh` mk f``d agmth bnemnvns hmjsnea< (m)t` bn `a gk meenfmtmjgtn chmed `r (mm)T` bn nktmtend t` thn egwaue cust`dy `a such c hmed ukenss such gct ms c`jjmttnd a`r gk mjj`rge `r ukegwaue purp`sn. @blnct @a Snc. 317< Snc. 317 hgs tw` a`ed `blncts (m) T` pr`tnct chmedrnk `a tnkdnr gfn ar`j bnmkf gbductnd `r snducnd a`r mjpr`pnr purp`sns, (mm) T` pr`tnct thn rmfhts `a pgrn kts gkd fugrdmgks hgvmkf thn egwaue chgrfn `r cust`dy `a j mk`rs `r mksgkn pnrs`ks. >. Yukmshjnkt ^/Snc 313< Vh`nvnr omdkgps gky pnrs`ks ar`j Ygomstgk `r ar`j egwaue fugrdmgkshmp, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tn rj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` snvnk yngrs gkd shgee ges` bn emgben t` amkn. 1.Gbductm`k< (M) Dnamkmtm`k ^/Snc 312< Vh`nvnr by a`rcn c`jpnes `r by gky dncnmtaue jngks mkducns gky pnrs`k t` f` ar`j gky pegcn, ms sgmd t` gbduct thgt pnrs`k. (MM) Mkfrndmnkts< (m) A`rcnaue C`jpuesm`k `r Mkducnjnkt< Thnrn just bn a`rcnaue c`jpuesm`k `r mkducnjnkt by dncnmtaue jngks t` gky pnrs`k. A`rcn jngks thn gctuge a`rcn gkd k`t thn sh`w `a a`rcn. (mm) T` F` Ar`j @kn Yegcn t` Gk`thnr< Thn `blnct `a such c`jpuesm`k `r mkducnjnkt just bn thn f`mkf `a g pnrs`k ar`j gky pegcn. Mt ms g c`ktmkumkf `aankcn, gkd g fmre ms bnmkf gbductnd k`t `key whnk shn ms amrst tgonk ar`j gky pubemc pegcn but ges` whnk shn ms rnj`vnd ar`j `kn pegcn t` gk`thnr. (MMM) Sc`pn< Snctm`k 312 jnrney fmvns g dnamkmtm`k `a thn w`rd gbductm`k whmch `ccurs mk s`jn `a t hn pnkge pr`vmsm`k whmch anee`w. Mt ms gk guxmemgry gct, k`t pukmshgben by mtsnea. 6. Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Omdkgppmkf O mdkgppmkf Gkd Gbductm`k< (M) Jngks ^snd< Mk omdkgppmkf thn jmk`r ms smjpey tgonk gwgy. Thn jngks usnd jgy bn mkk`cnkt. Mk gbductm`k a`rcn, c`jpuesm`k `r dncnmtaue jngks grn usnd. (MM) Sc`pn< Omdkgppmkf ms c`jjmttnd `key mk rnspnct `a g jmk`r `r pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmkd `r ma mt ms ar`j Ygomstgk, `a pnrs`k `a gky gfn. Gbductm`k ms c`jjmttnd mk rnspnct `a gky pnrs`k `a gky gfn.< (MMM)Omkds<

YYC

Ygfn >6

Omdkgppmkf ms `a tw` omkds vmz omdkgppmkf ar`j fugrdmgkshmp gkd omdkgppmkf ar`j Ygomstgk. (MQ)Naanct @a C`ksnkt< Mk omdkgppmkf ar`j fugrdmgkshmp c`ksnkt `a g pnrs`k tgonk `r n ktmcnd ms mjjgtnrmge. Mk pnrs`k rnj`vnd, c`kd`kns gbductm`k. (Q)Yegcn< Mk omdkgppmkf ar`j Ygomstgk, thn pegcn t` whmch thn vmctmj ms tgonk just bn `utsmdn thn emjmts `a Ygomstgk. Mk gbductm`k, thn pegcn ms k`t mjp`rtgkt. (QM)Gs T` Fugrdmgk< Mk omdkgppmkf ar`j fugrdmgkshmp g chmed wmthnr fugrdmgk cgkk`t bn omdkgppmkf.s Gbductm`k hgs rnanrnkcn nxceusmvney t` thn pnr s`k gbductnd. (QMM)Mktnkt< Mk omdkgppmkf, thn mktnkt `a thn `aankdnr ms wh`eey mrrnenvgkt Mk gbductm`k, mktnktm`k ms thn j`st mjp`rtgkt agct`r. (QMMM)C`ktmkunknss< Omdkgppmkf ar`j fugrdmgkshmp ms k`t g c`ktmkumkf `aankcn gkd mt ms c`jpentn gs s``k gs t hn jmk`r ms rnj`vnd ar`j thn cust`dy `a hms `r hnr fugrdmgk. Gbductm`k ms g c`ktmkumkf `aankcn gkd g pnrs`k ms gbductnd b`th w hnk hn ms amrst tgonk ar`j gky pegcn gkd ges` whnk hn ms rnj`vnd ar`j `kn pegcn t` gk`thnr. (MX)Kgturn< Omdkgppmkf ms g substgktmvn `aankcn. Gbductm`k k`t pukmshjnkt by mtsnea ukenss gcc`jpgkmnd wmth s`jn crmjmkge mktnkt. 8.C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt omdkgppmkf ms gk `aankcn mrrnspnctmvn `a gky mktnkt wmth w hmch mt ms c`jjmttnd. Mt ms g substgktmvn `aankcn gkd jgdn pukmshgben gs such whmen thn gbductm`k ms jnrney gk guxmemgry gct, k`t pukmshgben by mtsnea, but jgdn crmjmkge `key whnk mt ms d`kn wmth crmjmkge mktnktm`ks. hurt W. whgt grn thn omkds gkd pukmshjnkt `a hurt pr`vmdnd ukdnr Y.Y.C 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Hurt ms hgrj cgusnd t` hujgk b`dy `thnr thgk dngth. Mk Y.Y.C, hujgk b`dy hgs bnnk dmvmdnd mkt` vgrm`us snctm`k gkd onnpmkf mk vmnw th`sn vgrm`us snctm`k, amvn omkds `a hurt hgvn bnnk stgtnd mk snctm`k 332.Y.Y.C gkd ges` pr`vmdns pukmshjnkt a`r hurt Mk `thnr vgrm`us pr`vmsm`ks. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`k< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C. rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcn rknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 332 t` 336 Y.Y.C. 3. Dnamkmtm`k @a Hurt ^/Snc 332(M)< ―wh`nvnr ―wh`nv nr cgusns pgmk, hgrj, dmsngsn mkamrjmty `r mklury t` gky pnrs`k `r mjpgmrs, dmsgben `r @r dmsjnjbnrs gky `rfgk `a thn b`dy `r pgrt thnrn`a gky pnrs`k wmth`ut cgsmkf hms dngth, ms sgmd t` cgusn hurt.‚ 4. Omkds @a Hurt ^/Snc 332(2)<

YYC

Ygfn >8

A`ee`wmkf grn thn omkds `a hurt. (m) 7tega-^dn (mm) 7tega – 7tega –mm- Sgeghmygt-7-^dw (mmm) Shgllgh (mv) Lurh (v) Gee omkds `a `thnr hurt (M) 7tega-M-^dw< (m) Emtngre Jngkmkf< Thn w`rd 7tega jngks t` dnstr`y gkd ^dw jngks emjb `r `rfgk. (mm) Jngkmkf ^/snc 333< Vh`nvnr dmsjnjbnrs, gjputgtns snvnrs gky emjb `r `rfgk `a thn b`dy `a gk`thnr pnrs`k ms sgmd t` cgusn 7tga-m-udw. (mmm) Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 334< Vh`nvnr by d`mkf gky gct wmth t hn mktnktm`k `a thnrnby cgusmkf hurt t` gky pnrs`k ` r wmth thn ok`wendfn thgt hn ms emoney t` cgusn hurt t` gky pnrs`k cgusns 7yega-m-udw `a gky pnrs`k shgee bn pukmshnd wmth< g. Wmsgs mk c`ksuetgtm`k wmth thn guth`rmznd jndmcge `aamcnr, thgt ms thn c`urt wmee rnqumrn thn guth`rmznd jndmcge t` gppngr gs g wmtknss t` fmvn `pmkm`k, mk vmnw prmkcmpens `a nqugemty. Meeustrgtm`k< Gk `aankdnr mkaemcts be`w wmth sw`rd rnsuetmkf gjputgtm`k `a `kn- a`urth `a enat a`rngrj. Thn pukmshjnkt `a qmsgs wmee bn nxncutgben `key ma thn guth`rmznd jndmcge `aamcnr gk `pmkm`k thn smjmegr rnsuet c`ued p`ssmben bn gchmnvnd wmth`ut gky gddmtm`kge dgjgfn t` thn `aankdnr. b. Grsh ma thn qmsgs ms k`t nxnc utgben gkd ms jgkdgt`ry up`k thn c`urt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nx tnkd t` tnk yngrs G TG\MR gkd mt ms dmscrntm`kgry wmth thn c`urt. (MM) 7tega-m-shgeghmygt-7-udw 7tega-m-shgeghmygt-7-udw<< (m) Jngkmkf ^/snc 33>< 7tega – 7tega  –mm- sgeghmygt-7-udw jngks dnstr`ymkf `r pnrjgknktey mjpgmrmkf thn aukctm`kmkf p`wnr `r cgpgcmty `a g pnrs`k `r cgsmkf pnrjgknkt dmsamfurnjnkt `a s`jn `rfgk. (mm) Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 331< Thn pukmshjnkt a`r 7tgea – 7tgea  –m-Sgeghmygt-7-udw m-Sgeghmygt-7-udw ms thn sgjn gs pr`vmdnd a`r 7tega-m-udw ms snc 334. (MMM) SHGLLGH< (m) Emtnrge Jgnkmkf< Mt ms gk Grgbmc w`rd whmch jngks mklurmns `k hgrd `r agcn. (mm) Jngkmkf ^/snc 336
c. Shgllgh-m-Hgshmjgh

d. Shgllgh-m-Jukgqqmegh n. Shgllgh-m-Gjjgh Shgllgh-m-Gjjgh a. Shgllgh-m-Dgjmfhgh g. Shgllgh-m-ohgamagh < Mt jngks hurt by gky wngp`k `k hngd `r agcn wmth`ut nxp`smkf b`kn ` a thn vmctmj. Yukmshjnkt cgusmkf mt , shgee bn emgben t` dgjgk , whmch ms jgkdgt`ry gkd ms t` bn amkds by c`urt mk mts

YYC

Ygfn >=

dmscrntm`k gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs gs Tgzmr. b. Shgllgh-m-Judmhgh< Mt jngks smjpen hurt by gky wngp`k `k hngd `r agcn whnrn th`ufht b`kn ms nxp`snd but `k argcturn ms cgusnd. Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 336-G(mm)< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf mt shgee bn pukmshnd wmth qmsgs gatnr c`ksuetgtm`k wmth thn gkth`rmznd jn dmcge `aamcnr gkd ma mt k`t nxncutgben, thn c`kvmct shgee bn emgben t` Grsh whmch shgee bn amvn pnrs`k `a vgeun `a Dmygt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tngj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` amvn yngrs gs tgzmr. c. Shgllgh-m-hgshmjgd Mt ms frmnv`us hurt by gky wngp`k `k hngd `r agcn, rnsuetmkf mk argcturn `a b`kn `a thn vmctmj wmth`ut dmse`cgtm`k mt. Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 336-G(mmm)< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf mt shgee bn emgben t` G rsh whmch shgee bn tnk pnrcnkt `a t hn dmygt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tngj whmch jgy n xtnkd t` tnk yngrs gs Tgzmr. d. Shgllgh-m-Jukgqqmegh< Mt ms frnvm`us hurt by gky wngp`k ` k hngd `r agcn, rnsuetmkf mk argcturn gkd dmse`cgtm`k `a b`kn `a vmctmj. Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 336-G(mv)< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf mt shgee bn emgben `r gr sh whmch shgee bn 7>% `a thn dmygt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tn rj whmch jgy nxtnrt` tnk yngrs gs Tgzmr. n. Shgllgh-m-Gjjgh< Mt ms frnvm`us hurt by gky wngp`k cgusmkf argcturn `a thn shgee `a thn vmctmj, w hnrn thn w`ukd t`uchns thn jnjbrgkn `a thn brgmk. Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 336-G(v)< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf ms shgee bn emgben t` Gr sh whmch shgee bn `kn-hgea `a thn dmygt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tngj whmch jgy n xtnkd t` a`urtnnk yngrs gs tgzmr. Yukmshjnkt ^/snc 336-G (vm)< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf mt shgee emgben t` grsh whmch shgee `kn-hgea `a dmygt gkd jgy ges` pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` a`urtnnk yngrs gs tgzmr. (MQ) Lurh< Emtnrge Jngkmkf< Thn w`rd lurh ms dnrmvnd a`rj t hn w`rd Lgrr`h whmch jngks mklury. Jngkmkf ^/snc 336-B(7)< Lurh jngks mklury `k gky pgrt `a t hn b`dy `a g pnrs`k, `thnr thgk t hn hngd `r agcn, whmch engvns g j gro `a thn, w`ukd whnthnr tnjp`rgry `r pnrjgknkt. G. Omkds `a Lurh ^/snc 336-B(2)< (m) Lgmagh (mm) Fhgyr-Lgmagh (m) Lgmagh^/snc 336-C< Vh`nvnr cgusns lurh mk whmch thn mklury nxtnkds t` thn cgvmty `a t hn truko, ms sgmd t` cgusn lgmagh. Cgsn Egw

YYC

Ygfn 19

YED 7==8 EGH 84 B`dy cgvmty jngks g pgrt `a b`dy ukdnr whmch vmtge `rfgks grn e`cgtnd gkd ma gk mklury pnkntrgtns mkt` thn b`dy cgvmty gkd thnk nxtnrs thn pnrt `a thn b`dy whnrn whnr n mk vmtge `rfgk grn e`cgtnd, e`kney thnk thgt cgk bn trngtnd gs Lgmagh gkd pukmshjnkt cgk bn gwgrdnd gcc`rdmkfey. Yukmshjnkt a`r Lgmagh ^/snc 336-D< Thn pnrs`k cgusmkf mt, wmth thn mktnktm`k `r ok`wendfn `a hurt t` g hurt t` g pnrs`k, shgee bn emgben t` grsh whmch shgee bn `kn-thmrd `a thn dmygt gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy n xtnkd t` tnk yngrs gs tgzmr. Omkds `a Chgyr- Lgmagh< A`ee`wmkf grn thn omkds `a Fhgyr-lgmagh. 7. Dgjmygh< Mt ms mklury mk whmch thn somk ms rupturd gkd benssmkf `ccurs. 2. Bgdmygh< Mt ms g mklury by cuttmkf c uttmkf `r mkcmsmkf thn aensh wmth`ut nxp`smkf thn b`kn. 3. Jutgeghmjg< Mt ms g mklury by egcnrgtmkf thn aensh. 4. Judmhgh< Mt ms mklury bn nxp`smkf thn t hn b`kn. >. Jugkgqqmegh< Mt ms g mklury by argcturmkf gkd dmse`cgtm`k thn b`kn. Yukmshjnkt `a Fhgyr-Lgmah u/snc 336-A< Ma g pnrs`k wmth thn mktnktm`k `r ok`wendfn `a cgusmkf hurt cgusns gky `a Fhyr-l gmagh mklurmns shgee bn pukmshnd gs ukdnr. g. Yukmshjnkt a`r Dgjmygh< b. Hn shgee bn emben t` dgjgk gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn yngr gs tgzmr. c. pukmshjnkt a`r Bgdmgh gkd Jutgeghmjgh< Hn shgee bn emgben t` dgjgk gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thnrn yngrs gs tgzmr. B. pukmshjnkt a`r Judmhgh gkd Hgshmjgh< Hn shgee bn emgben t` dgjgk gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` amvn yngrs gs tgzmr. d. Yukmshjnkt a`r Jukgqqmegh< Hn shgee bn emgben t` dgjgk gkd jgy ges` bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` snvnk gs tgzmr. (Q)@thnr Hurt< G hurt whmch ms k`t c`vnrnd by gky `a thn a`ur cegusns fmvn gb`vn, gkd whmch n kdgkfnrs eman `r cgusns thn suaanrnr t` rnjgmk snrvnr sn rvnr b`dmey pgmk a`r 29 dgy `r j`rn `r rnkdnr hmj ukgben t` a`ee`w thn `rdmkgry pursumts a`r 29 dgys `r j`rn, ms c`vnrnd by dgjgk gkd jgy bn mjprms`knd up t` snvn k yngrs, gkd ma mt ms k`t `a omkd jnktm`knd hnrn bna`rn thn pukmshjnkt shgee bn mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs `r wmth dgjgk `r b`th. >.C@KCE^M@K<

YYC

Ygfn 17

T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn pukmshjnkts `a hurt hgs bnnk pr`vmdnd by `rdmkgkcn mk gcc`rdgkcn w mth thn mklukctm`k `a Msegj gkd ngch `aankcn ms dnscrmbnd nxpemcmtey gkd thn pukmshjnkt `a Grs/Dgjgkk hgs bnnk jgdn gs substgktmvn `aankcn. hgrghgb W. Nxpegmk Hgrgbgh emgben t` hgdd0 Vhgt pr``a ms knndnd t` pr`vn thms `aankc n (7==3). 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Hgrggbgh ms gk gffrgvgtnd a`rj `a thnat. J`rn `r enss mt ms syk`kyj`us t` r`bbnry, whmch c`ktgmks thn nenjnkt `a nmthnr thnat `r nxt`rtm`k. Thms `aankcn rnqumrnd t` bn pr`vnd mk thn sgjn jgkknr gs thn `aankcn `a thnat emgben t` hgdd dnscrmbnd mk snctm`k 6, 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf t hn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 7> t` 29 `a Nka`rcnjnkt `a Hud``d rnfgrdmkf thn QM `a 7=6=. 3. dnamkmtm`k @a Hgrggbgh ^/Snc 7>< Vhnk g pnrs`k grjnd `r k`t grjnd jgon g sh`w `a a`rcn a`r tgomkf gwgy thn pr`pnrty `a gk`thnr gkd gttgco hmj `r cgusn wr`kfaue rnst rgmkt `r put hmj mk angr `a dngth `r hurt. Such pnrs`k c`jjmts thn `aankcn `a hgrggbgh. (M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Hgrssbgh< (m) Mt jgy bn c`jjmttnd by `kn ` kn `r j`rn pnrs`k. (mm) Thnrn just bn sh`wmkf `a a`rcn a`r thn purp`sn `a tgomkf gwgy thn t hn pr`pnrty `a gk`thnr. (mmm) Thnrn just bn s`jn gttgco by thn `aankdnr, `r cgusn wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt `r put mk angr `a dngth `r hurt. (MM) Yr``a @a Hgrbbgh ^/Snc 71< Thn pr`vmsm`ks `a snctm`k `a snctm`k 6, shgee ges` gppey a`r t hn pr``a `a hgrggbgh whmch ms gs ukdnr. G. C`kanssm`k Bna`rn thn C`urt< Vhnrn gccusnd pengds fumety `a hgrggbgh emgben t` hgdd, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth hgdd. B. By Nvmdnkcn `a Vmtknssns< Hgrggbgh emgben t` hgdd jgy t` pr`vnd by thn nv mdnkcn `a gt – gt – engst  engst tw` nyn – nyn – wmtknssns.  wmtknssns. (m) Rnqumrnjnkts Rnfgrdmkf Vmtknssns< g. Vmtknssns just bn jgen. b. Thny just bn Jusemj, but ma thn gccusnd ms k`k – k`k – Jusemj  Jusemj thn nyn – nyn – Vmtknssns  Vmtknssns jgy k`k – k`k – Jusemjs.  Jusemjs. c. Thny just bn gduet. Nvmdnkcn `a jmk`r wmtknssns grn k`t gccnptgben. d. Thny just k`t bn thn vmctmj ` a hgrssbgh. n. Thn c`urt just bn sgtmsamnd gb`ut t hnj hgvmkf rnfgrd t` thn rnqumrnjnkts `a tgzomygge-shgh``d (mkqumry gd`ptnd by thn c`urt t` sgtmsay mtsnea t` t hn crndmbmemty `a g wmtknss) thgt thny grn. Truthaue pnrs`ks, gkd Gbstgmk ar`j jgl`r smks. 4. pukmshjnkt @a Hgrggbgh ^/Snc 76< Vh`nvnr bnmkf gk gduet ms fumety `a hgrggbgh, shgee bn emgben t` a`ee`wmkf pukmshjnkts. (m) Vhnrn knmthnr gky jurdnr hgs bnnk c`jjmttnd k`r gky pr`pnrty hgs bnnk t gonk gwgy, hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth.

YYC

Ygfn 12

g. Vhmppmkf k`t nxcnndmkf thmrty strmpns b. Rmf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch shgee k`t bn enss thgk 3 yngrs gkd mt wmee c` ktmkun uktme thn c`urt ms sgtmsamnd `a hms bnmkf smkcnrney pnkmtnkt gkd c. Yukmshjnkt a`r cgusmkf such hurt mk gcc`rdgkcn wmth such `thnr egw, whmch ms gppemcgben gt thn tmjn. (mmm)whnrn k` jurdnr hgs bnnk c`jjmttnd but thn pr`pnrty `a thn prnscrmbnd kmsgb hgs bnn tgonk gwgy, hn shgee, hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth. Gjputgtm`k `a hms rmfht hgkd a`rj thn wrmst gkd ` a hms enat a``t a`rj thn gkoen gkd m a thn hgkd `r thn rmfht a``t `a thn `aankdnr ms jmssmkf `r ms nktmrney uksnrvmcngben thn pukmshjnkt `a gjputgtm`k shgee k`t bn nka`rcnd gkd pukmshjnkt wmee bn thn r mf`r`us mjprms`kjnkt whmch jgy nxtnkd t` 74 yngrs wmth whmppmkf k`t nxcnndmkf 39 strmpns. (mv) Vhnrn jurdnr hgs bnnk c`jjmttnd hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth. g. Dngth mjp`snd gs hgdd. G. C`kamrjgtm`k `a C`urt `a Gppnge ^/snc 76 (>)< Yukmshjnkt `a gjputgtm`k `r dngth shgee k`t bn nxncutnd mt ms c`kamrjnd by thn c`urt gppnge. >. cgsns Mk Vhmch Yukmshjnkt @a Gjputgtm`k @r Dngth K`t Mjp`snd ^/Snc 78< Yukmshjnkt `a Gjputgtm`k `r dngth shgee k`t bn mjp`snd mk thn a`ee`wmkf cgsns. m. Vhnk vmctmj gkd `aankdnr grn rnegtnd t` ngch `thnr gs g. Sp`usns b. Gscnkdgkts ,Ygtnrkge `r Jgtnrkge c. Br`thnrs `r smstnrs `a agthnr gkd j`thnr d. Br`thnr `r smstnrs `r thnmr chmedrnk n. Dnscnkdgkts., pgtnrkge `r jgtnrkge mm. Vhnk funst c`jjmts hgrrgbgh a`rj thn h`usn `a hms h`st. mmm. Vhnk snrvgkt `r njpe`ynn c`jjmts hgrggbgh a`rj thn hmrz `a hms jgstnr `r njpe`ynn. mv. Vhnk thn pr`pnrty ms wmed frgss, amsh bmrd, d`f pmf mkt`xmcgkt jusmcge mkstrujnkt `r pnrmshgben a``dstuaa. v. Vhnk thn `aankdnr hgs g shgrn mk pr`pnrty, thn vgeun `a whmch gatnr dnductm`k `a hms shgrn ms enss thgk thn kmsgb vm. Vhnk crndmt`r stnges hms dnbt`r” s dnbt`r” s pr`pnrty, thn vgeun `a whmch gatnr dnductm`k `a hms shgrn ms enss thgk thn kmsgb. vmm. Vhnk thn `aankdnr hgs c`jjmttnd hgrgggbgh ukdnr morgh `r mztrgr. 1. pukmshjnkt A`r Hgrggbgh Emgben T` Tgzmr ^/Snc 29< Vhnk thn hgrggbgh ms k`t emgben t` hgdd, t hn hgrrgbgh bn sgjn bn emgben tgmzr gkd thn pukmshjnkt w`ued bn s`jn gs `a dgc`mty rgbbnry `r nxt`rtm`k gs pr`vmdnd mk Y.Y.C. 6. HGRGGBG GKD DGC@MT]< THN TNRJ Hgrggbg ms wmdn nk`ufh t` mkceudn thn `aankcn `a dnc`cmty gs pr`vmdnd mk Ygomstgk pnkge c`dn. Mk hgrggbg mk dnc`mty thn kujbnr `a pnrs`k grn jnktm`knd. 8. C`kceusm`k< T` C`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt hgbgggh ms gk `aankcn ukdnr thn Msegjmc egw. Thms tnrj ms `atnk usnd mk pegcn `a r`bbnry but mt snnj t` bn j`rn wmdnr thgk thn tnrj r`bbnry wn jgy sgy thgt thn hgrggbgh `ccupmns

YYC

Ygfn 13

g jmdden pegcn bntwnnk thn `aankcn `a r`bbnry, dgc`mty gkd nxt`rtm`k. Gkd thn pukmshjnkt `a mt ms pr`vmdnd u/snc 76 `a thn c`kcnrkn d `rdmkgkcn. W. Dnamkn Crmjn0 Vhgt grn mts nssnktmge nenjnkts. W dmscuss jgks Rng gkd Gctus Rng gs nssnktmges `a crmjn. W Dnamkn crmjn gkd dmscuss mk dntgme , Jnks Rng, gkd Gctus Rnus, gs nenjn kts `a crmjn. 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Fnknrge spngomkf, thn egw mk fnknrge ms g prnsnrvgtmvn mkstmkct @A thn mkdmvmduge gkd `a thn rgcn. Thn prmjgry aukctm`k `a crmjmkge egw ms thn prnsnrvgtm`k `a eman gkd pr`tnctm`k `a s`cmnty. G crmjn jgy bn sgmd t` bn gk gct whmch gky fmvns s`cmnty c`ksmdnrs t` bn suaamcmnktey mklurm`us t` lustmay mjp`smkf pukmshjnkt `k thn wr`kfd`nr gkd prnscrmbmkf g spnc mge pr`cndurn a`r dngemkf wmth mt. Thnrn grn s`jn nssnktmge nenjnkts t` c`kstmtutn g crmjn. 2. Dnamkmtm`k @a Crmjn< A`ee`wmkf grn thn dmaanrnkt dnamkmtm`ks `a crmjn. (M) Gcc`rdmkf T` Begcost`kn<―Gk Begcost`kn<―Gk gct c`jjmttnr `r `jmttnd mk vm`egtm`k `a pubemc egw a`rbmddmkf `r c`jjgkdmkf mt.‚ 3. Hmst`rmcge Bgco Fr`ukd Crmjn ms mknvmtgben mk hujgk s`cmnty. Mt ms mktnfrge pgrt `a gky hujgk s`cmnty. Mt ms gs `ed gs hujgk s`cmnty mtsnea. 4. chgrgctnrmstmcs @a Crmjn< A`ee`wmkf grn dmaanrnkt chgrgctnrmstmcs `a crmjn< (m) Mt ms g hgrj br`ufht gb`ut by hujgk c`kduct whmch thn s`vnrnmfk p`wnr mk thn stgtn dnsmrns t` prnvnkt. (mm) Mt ms gfgmkst thn pubemc `rdnr gkd j`rge. (mmm) Mt ms gk gct, whmch ms gfgmkst pnkge egws nkgctnd by stgtutn. (mv) Mt ms thn thrngt `a ` a pukmshjnkt thgt ms snenctnd gj`kf thn jngsurn `a prnvnktm`k. (v) Yr`cnndmkf `a spncmge omkd grn njpe`ynd t` dnc mdn whnthnr thn pnrs`k gccusnd dmd mk-agct cgusn thn hgrj. >. Nssnktmge Nenjnkts @a Crmjn< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge nenjnkts `a c rmjn< (m) Hujgk bnmkf (mm) Jnks Rng (mmm) Gctun Rnus

(mv) Mklury

(M) Hujgk Bnmkf< Thn amrst nssnktmge nenjnkt `a crmjn cr mjn rnqumrns thgt thn gct just bn c`jjmttnd by g hujgk bnmkf. Mk gkcmnkt tmjns, pukmshjnkts wnrn mkaemctnd `k gkmjges ges` a`r mklury d`kn by thnj, but k`w thms prgctmcn ms gbgkd`knd s` t` c`kstmtutn g crmjn. Thnrn just bn g hujgk bnmkf wh`. (m) Just bn ukdnr enfge `bemfgtm`k t` gct mk g pgrtmcuegr jgkknr gkd, (mm) Sh`ued bn amt sublnct a`r gwgrd `a gppr`prmgtn pukmshjnkt. (MM) Jnks Rng< Thn snc`kd nssnktmge `a crmjn ms jnks rng (fumety jmkd). Thnrn cgk bn k` crmjn `a gky kgturn wmth gk nvme jmkd. Jnks rng ms thn crmjmkge stgtn `a j mkd `a thn gccusnd. (m) ^sn @a Jnksrng mk Dmaanrnkt Sn ksns< Gcc`rdmkf t` Onkky, thn tngj jnksrng hgs bnnk usnd by thn c`urt mk tw` dmaanrnkt snksns.

YYC

Ygfn 14

g. T` d`k`tn thn gccusnd pnrs`k ‘ s gttmtudn `a jmkd t` whgt hn wgs d`mkf, a`rj whmch cgk bn dncmdnd thn qunstm`k whnthnr hms c`kduct wgs `r wgs k`t v`euktgry, gkd b. T` dnk`tn thn gccusnd pnrs`k a`rnsmfht `a thn c`ksnqunkcns `a whgt hn wgs d`mkf. (mm) A`rj `a Jnksrng< Thn a`rj whmch jnksrng gssujns wmee dnpnkd `k thn pr`vmsm`ks `a thn pgrtmcuegr enfge systnj. Crmjmkge emgbmemty jgy rnqumrn thn wr`kfaue gct t` bn d`kn mktnktm`kgeey `r wmth s`jn wr`kfaue purp`sn mk jmkd `r wmth rncoenssey (c`kscm`us rmso tgomkf) gkd mk ngch cgsn thn jnktge gttmtudn `a thn d``r ms such t` jgon pukmshjnkt naanctmvn. (mmm) Jnksrng mk Y.Y.C< Mk Y.Y.C, jnks rng hgs bnnk gppemnd mk tw` dmaanrnkt wgys< (m) Thn nxprnssm`ks arguduenktey, dmsh`knstey. Q`euktgrmey gkd mktnktm`kgeey ntc usnd mk dnamkmtm`ks mkdmcgtn thn crmjmkge mktnkt. (mm) G snpgrgtn chgptnr `k fnknrge fnknr ge nxcnptm`ks prnscrmbns cmrcujstgkcns whnrn gbsnkcn `a crmjmkge mktnkt jgy bn prnsujnd. Thms ms thn knfgtmvn jnth`d `a gppeymkf jnksrng. (mv)Nxcnptm`k t` Jnksrng< g. Vr`kfs `a Strmct Emgbmemty< Vr`kfs `a strmct emgbmemty grn wr`kfs w hmch grn, nxcnptm`k t` thn ruen `a jngs rng gkd mk such cgsns, jnksrng ms k`t rnqumrnd t` bn pr`vnd. b. Vr`kfs Nxceudnd by Stgtutn< Jnksrng jgy bn nxceudnd a`r cnrtgmk cnr tgmk `aankcns, a`rj g stgtutn by kncn ssgry mjpemcgtm`ks gkd mt cgk bn d`kn `key whnrn mt ms gbs`eutney cengr thgt thn mjpenjnktgtm`k `a thn `blnct `a thn stgtutn w`ued `thnrwmsn bn dnangtnd. (MMM) Gctusrnus< Thn thmrd nssnktmge `a crmjn ms gct us rnus, `r prnscrmbnd gct Sgej`kd cgees mt thn physmcge `r jgtnrmge c`kdmtm`k `a emgbmemty. Ma thnrn ms k`t gct, thnrn cgk bn k` pukmshjnkt. (m) Jngkmkf `a Gctus Rnus< Gcc`rdmkf t` p``a Onkky< ―Such rnsuet `a hujgk c`kduct gs thn egw snnos t` prnvnkt.‚ (mm) Gctus Rnus Mktnrnstnd mk C`kduct< @aankcn cgk bn dnsmfkgtnd mkt` tw` typns< (m) Rnsuet crmjns (mm) C`kduct crmjns Gctun rnus ms mktnrnstnd mk c`kduct gkd juch j`rn `atnk thn gctus rnus rnqumrns pr``a `a gk gct `r gk `jmssm`k (c`kduct) a`r nxgjpen g dnnd jgk wmth g okman mk hms bgco ms k`t thn gctus rnus `a thn jurdnr. Mt ms puttmkf thn okman mk thn bgco thnrnby cgusmkf thn dngth whmch ms thn gctus rnus. (mmm) C`jp`knkts `a Gctus Rnus< Thn gctus rnus ms c`kstmtutnd by thn nvnkt gkd k`t by thn gctmvmty whmch cgusnd thn nvnkt. G dnnd jgy c`ksmst `a hgrj gkd dnstructm`k `a pr`pnrty gkd nvnk thn eman, but ms k`t g crmjn ukenss mt ms enfgeey pr`hmbmtnd by egw. (mv) C`jp`knkts `a Gctus Rnus< A`ee`wmkf grn thn c`jp`knkts `a gctus Rn us. g. Thn c`kduct whmch ms thn cn ktrge angturn `a thn crmjn. b. Thn surr`ukdmkf cmrcujstgkcns c. Thn c`ksnqunkcns (v) C`kduct Just bn Vmeend<

YYC

Ygfn 1>

Ma thn gctus rnus rn us `a thn crmjn mkceudns gk gct, mt just bn pr`vnd thgt dnankdgkt dmd thgt gct v`euktgrmey. Nxcnptm`k< Vhnrn thn gct wgs d`kn whmen mk stgtn `a mkt`xmcgtm`k snea mkducnd by tgomkf gec`h`e `r g durf. Thn dnankdgkt ms emgben. (mv)cgusgtm`k< Vhnk thn dnamkmtm`k `a gk gctus rnus rn qumrns thn `ccurrnkcn `a cnrtgmk cnr tgmk c`ksnqunkcns, mt ms kncnssgry t` pr`vn thgt mt wgs thn c`kduct `a thn gccusnd whmch cgusn th`sn c`ksnqunkcns t` `ccur. A`r nxgjpen mk jurdnr mt ms kncnssgry t` pr`vn thgt thn gct `a thn gccusnd cgusnd thn dngth, ma thn dngth cgjn gb`ut s`eney th`ufht s`jn `thnr cgusn, thgk thn crmjn ms k`t c`jjmttnd nvnk th`ufht gee thn ` thnr nenjnkts `a thn gctus rnus gkd jngks rng rng prnsnkt. ―Cgsn `a whmch (7=79)‚ ―Dnankdgkt put p`tgssmuj cygkmdn mkt` g drmko wmth mktnkt t` jurdnr hms j`thnr , but jndmcge nvmdnkcn sh`wnd thgt shn dmnd k`t p`ms`k but `a hngrt agmeurn. Geth`ufh thn c`ksnqunkcns whmch . dnankdgkt mktnkdnd `ccurrnd, hn dmd k`t cgusn mt t` `ccur gkd thnrn wgs k` gctus rnus `a jurdnr gkd hn wgs gcqumttnd `a jurdnr.‚ (vm)C`jpentm`k `a Gctus Rnus< Thn gutcs rnus `a gk `aankcn ms c`jpentn mk thn a`ee`wmkf cmrcujstgkcn. g. Vhnrn thn Ygrtmcmpgtm`k ms Dmrnct< Vhnrn gk gccusnd hmjsnea c`jjmts thn gct gkd brmkfs gb`ut thn rnsuets hmjsnea n. f whnrn G sh``ts gt B gkd brmkf gb`ut B”s dngth. b. Vhnrn thn Ygrtmcmpgtm`k ms Mkdmrnct< Gcts rnus ms c`jjmttnd whnrn G nkrgfns gk mkk`cnkt pnrs`k B gkd c`jjmts `aankcn th`ufht B a`r nxgjpen whnrn G puts p`ms`k mkt` thn c up `a tng whmch hn ok`ws w`ued bn `aanrnd by B t` C gkd thus omees C mkdmrnctey whnrn c tgons thn tng k`t ok`w t` B. c. Vhnrn Gk`thnr Ynrs`k hgs Mktnrvnknd< Vhnrn g thmrd pnrs`k hgs mktnrvnknd mk thn gct `a thn gccusnd gkd ma thn rnsuet ms dun t` thn mktnrvnktm`k, thn gccusnd ms k`t rn sp`ksmben smkn thn rnsuet `r hgrj ms k`t c`ksnqunkcn `a whgt thn prms`knr dmd. ―R Qs Hmet`k (7=38)‚ ―mt wgs hned thgt thn dngth dn gth wgs k`t thn gct `a thn gccusnd but `a thn pnrs`k wh` snt thn nkfmkn mk j`tm`k gatnr thn gccusnd hgd f`kn gwgy.‚ (MQ) Mklury< Thn a`urth nssnktmge rnqumrnjnkt mk crmjn mk mklury t` gk`thnr pnrs`k `r t` s`cmnty gt egrfn. Gcc`rdmkf t` snctm`k 44Y.Y.C, thn w`rd mklury dnk`tns gky hgrj whgtnvnr meenfgeey cgusnd t` gky pnrs`k mk b`dy, jmkd rnputgtm`k `r pr`pnrty. Mt ms vnry wmdn c`kk`tgtm`k gkd mkceudns gee mklurmns cgusnd by t`rtu`us gct. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt crmjn ms gk gct `a `jmssm`k `r c`jjmssm`k. Fnknrgeey mt ms vm`egtm`k `a nvnry j`rge ruen nstgbemshnd by rnemfm`us usgfn `r c`dn ` a j`rgemty rnc`fkmznd by pn`pen t` c`kstmtutn g crmjn, s`jn nssnktmge nenjnkts just bn thnrn gkd ma gky `kn `a th`sn nenjnkts jmssmkf, mt w`ued k`t bn g crmjn.

YYC

Ygfn 11

W. Dnamkn Drmkomkf Vhnk mt ms emgben t` Tgzmr ukdnr thn pr`hmbmtm`k `rdmkgkcn 7==6. 7.Mktr`ductm`k< Mt ms g c`ksujptm`k `a mkt`xmcgtmkf emqu`r, whgtnvnr thn qugktmty c`ksujnd, whmch s dnscrmbnd gs shrub (drmkomkf) gkd jgdn pukmshgben ukdnr Msegjmc egw. Thn pr`hmbmtm`k(Nka`rcnjnkt `a Hgdd) `rdnr Mv `a 7=6=. Dnamkns drmkomkf gkd prnscrmbns vgrm`us pnkgetmns a`r mt. 2.Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 1 t` 77 `a ` a thn pr`hmbmtm`k (Nka`rcnjnkt `a Hgdd)`rdnr `a 7==6. 3.Drmkomkf ^/Snc 1< Vh`nvnr mktnktm`kgeey gkd wmth`ut Morgh `r Eztmrgr t gons gk mkt`xmcgkt by gky jngks, shgee bn fumety `a drmkomkf. (M)Nssnktmges< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc. 1 (m)Mktnktm`k< G pnrs`k jgy bn fumety `a drmkomkf `key, ma hn tgons gk mkt`xmcgtm`k mktnktm`kgeey. (mm)Vmth`ut Morgh `r Mztmrgr< Mkt`xmcgtm`k just bn wmth`ut gky morgh `r mztmrgr. Jngkmkf `a Morgh< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k `a snc. 1, Morgh jngks puttmkf gky pnrs`k mk angr `a mklury t` thn pnrs`k. Yr`pnrty `r h`k`ur `a thgt `r gky `thnr pnrs`k. Jngkmkf `a Mztmrgr< Mztmrgr jngks g smtugtm`k mk whmch g pnrs`k ms mk gpprnhnksm`k `a dngth dun t` nxtrnjn hukfnr `r thmrsty `r snrm`us meeknss. 4.Omkds @a Drmkomkf ^/Snc 6< Thnrn grn tw` emgben t` Hgdd. (m) Drmkomkf emgben emgben t` Hgdd. (mm) Drmkomkf emgben t` Tgzmr. >. Drmkomkf Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc 8< Ma gk gduet Jusemj tgons gk mkt`xmcgtmkf emqu`r by j`uth hn shgee bn fumety `a drmkomkf emgben t` hgdd. (M)Nxpegkgtm`k< (m) Gduet u/snc 2(g)< Gduet jngks g pnrs`k wh` hgs gttgmknd thn gfn `a nmfhtnnk yngrs `a pubnrty. (mm)Mkt`xmcgtmkf Emqu`r ^/snc2(f)< Mkt`xmcgtmkf emqu`r mkceudns t`ddy spmrmts `a wmkn, bnnr gkd gee emqumds c`ksmstmkf `a `r c`ktgmkmkf gec`h`e k`rjgeey usnd a`r purp`sns `a mkt`xmcgtm`k but d`sn k`t mkceudn g s`emd mkt`xmcgtm`k nvnk ma emqunamnd. (MM)Yukmshjnkt< Vh`nvnr fumety `a drmkomkf emgben t` hgdd shgee bn pukmshnd wmth whmppmkf kujbnrmkf nmfhty strmpns. 1. Yr``a @a Drmkomkf Emgben T` Hgdd ^/Snc =< Drmkomkf emgben t` hgdd shgee bn pr`vnd mk gky `kn `a thn a`ee`wmkf a`rjs. (M)C`kanssm`k< Thn gccusnd jgons bna`rn g c`urt `a c`jpntnkt lurmsdmctm`k g c`kanssm`k `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn. (MM)By Nvmdnkcn @a Vmtknssns< Drmkomkf jgy ges` bn pr`vnd by thn n vmdnkcn `a gt-engst tw` wmtknssns. (m) Rnqumrnjnkts Rnfgrdmkf Vmtknssns<

YYC

Ygfn 16

Vmtknssns just bn jgen (b) Thny just bn Jusemj (c) Thny just bn gduet Thn c`urt just bn sgtmsamnd gb`ut thnj hgvmkf rnf grd t` thn rnqumrnjnkts `a tgzomyg-ge-shgh``d(J`dns `a Mkqumry gd`ptnd by g c`urt t` sgtmsay mtsnea gs t` thn crndmbmemty `a g wmtknss)thgt thny grn Truthaue pnrs`k gkd Gbstgmk ar`j jgl`r smks 6. Drmkomkf Emgben T` Tgzmr ^/Snc 77< Drmkomkf emgben t` tgzmr pukmshgben wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` thrnn yngrs `r wmth whmppmkf k`t nxcnndmkf thmrty strmpns `r wmth b`th. (M)Ynrs`ks Emgben T` Tgzmr< (m) Jusemj< G Jusemj jgy bn fumety `a drmkomkf emgben t` Tgzmr, ma a`ee`wmkf c`kdmtm`ks grn aueameend, g. Drmkomkf k`t emgben t` hgdd u/snc 8 `r a`r whmch pr``a mk nmthnr `a thn a`rjs jnktm`knd mk snctm`k = m.n c`kanssm`k gkd nvmdnkcn `a tw` gduet jgen Jusemj wmtknssns, ms k`t gvgmegben. b. Thn c`urt ms sgtmsamnd thgt thn n vmdnkcn `k thn rnc`rd. (mm)K`k-Jusemj Cmtmznk @a Ygomstgk< G k`k-Jusemj cmtmznk `a Ygomstgk wh` ms fumety `a drmkomkf, shgee bn emgben t` t gzmr. Nxcnptm`k< Hn wmee k`t bn fumety `a drmkomkf ma hn tgons mt gs g pgrt `a g cnrnj`ky prnscrmbnd by hms rnemfm`k. rn emfm`k. (mmm)K`k-Jusemj< G k`k-Jusemj wh` ms k`t g cmtmznk `a Ygomstgk shgee bn emgben t` tgzmr, ma hn ms fymety `a drmkomkf gt pubemc pegcn. 8. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M sgy , thgt t hgt thn drmkomkf ms jgdn pukmshgben by thn `rdmkgkcn, b`th gs emgben t` hgdd gs wnee gs tgzmr. Snctm`k 8 prnscrmbns prnscr mbns pukmshjnkt a`r drmkomkf emgben t` tgzmr. W Dnamkn Hgdd gkd Tgzmr whgt ms dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk thnsn tw`0 (2999) (7==6) W Dnamkn Hgdd gkd Tgzmg. Dmscuss thn `aankcns pukmshgben by Hgdd. (2994/S) (299>/G) Mktr`ductm`k< Vhnk cnrtgmk pubemc rmfhts grn v m`egtnd thn wr`kf ms cgeend jggsmgt thgt ms, cr mjn `r `aankcn gkd mt fmvns rmsn t` cnrtgmk substmtut`ry pubemc rmfhts mk thn a`rj `a uqg” bgt pukmshjnkts vmz< Hgdd gkd Hgdd gkd Tgzmr. Thn dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk Hgdd gkd Tgzmr ms `a aukdgjnktge gkd c`kcnrks thn d`ctrmkn `a Hgdd mtsnea. Typns @a Yukmshjnkt< Yukmshjnkts grn dmvmdnd mkt` tw` typns< (m) Hgdd (mm) Tgzmr Hgdd< (M) Jngkmkf @a Hgdd< (M) Emtnrge Jngkmkf< Thn w`rd Hgdd emtnrgeey jngks prnvnktm`k, jn gsurn, emjmt.

YYC

Ygfn 18

(mmm) Enfge Jngkmkf< ―Hgdd Jngks g pukmshjnkt whmch ms amxnd gkd nkl`mknd gs thn rmfht `a Geegh.‚ (MM) @rmfmk @a HGDD Yukmshjnkt< Hgdd usnd t` bn prnvgenkt mk Grgbmg gt thn tmjn `a thn pr`juefgtm`k `a Msegj, gkd thn Juhgjjgdgk egw egmd d`wk c`kdmtm`ks `a g strmkfnkt kgturn ukdnr whmch such pukmshjnkts jgy bn mkaemctnd. @blnct @a Yukmshjnkt Mk Msegj< Cgsn Egw 7=== JED 24>9 Mt wgs hned thgt `blnct `a pukmshjnkt ms rna`rjgtm`k `a c`kvmcts gkd k`t t` pnkgemzn thnj v nkfngkcn Tgzmr< (M) Jngkmkf @a Tgzmr< Tgzmr emtnrgeey jngks dmsfrgcmkf thn c rmjmkge a`r hms shgjnaue c`kduct. (mm) Enfge JNGKMKF< ―pukmshjnkt thgt grn gt thn dmscrntm`k `a thn ludfn whnk thn `aankcn ms rnegtnd t` g prmvgtn mklury grn cgeend Tgzmr.‚ Dmaanrnkcn Bntwnnk Hgdd Gkd Tgzmr< Thnrn ms k`t mkdmcgtm`k ms Sukkgh gb`ut thn dmaanrnkcn bntwnn k Hgdd gkd Tgzmr. Mt w`ued bn `pnk t` enfmsegturn t` gdd t` thn cgtnf`rmns c gtnf`rmns `a Hgdd gkd ges` nkhgkcn thn pukmshjnkt amxnd by thn q urgk gkd thn Sukkgh onnpmkf mk vmnw, thn cmrcujstgkcns gkd rnqumrnjnkts `a gk gfn, th`ufht thn pukmshjnkts s` amkds cgkk`t bn rnducnd (YED 7=83 ASC 2>>) a`ee`wmkf grn s`jn p`mkts `a dmstmkctm`k bntwnnk Hgdd gkd Tgzmr. (M) Gs T` @blnct< Thn `blnct `a Hgdd ms prnvnktm`k `a g crmjn by a`ee`wmkf thn prmkcmpen `a rntgemgtm`k gkd onnps nvnr y`kn mk thn emjmts prnscrmbnd by Geegh. T` `blnct `a Tgzmr ms rna`rjgtm`k rn a`rjgtm`k gkd c`rrnctm`k `a thn `aankdnr. (MM) Yr`cndurn< Thn pr`cndurn `a trmge mk Hgdd ms c`jpemcgtnd. Thn pr`cndurn `a trgme mk Tgzmr ms smjpen gs gcc`rdmkf t` sgjn lurmsts l udfn cgk nvnk rnkdnr ludfnjnkt `k thn bgsms `a hms `wk ok`wendfn. (MMM) Gs T` Rmfht< Qm`egtm`k `a rmfhts `a Geegh fmvns rmsn t` hgdd pukmshjnkts. Qm`egtm`k `a rmfhts `a mkdmvmduge fmvns rmsn t` hudud pukmshjnkts. (MQ) C`jjutmkf @a Snktnkcn< Thn pnkgemty `a Hgdd cgkk`t bn c`jjutnd. Thn pnkgemty `a Tgzmr cgk bn c`jjutnd (Q) Ygrd`k @a Snktnkcn< Ygrd`k cgkk`t bn frgktnd mk Hudud cgsns. Ygrd`k jgy bn frgktnd mk Tgzmr cgsn s. (QM) @pnrgtm`k @a Jmstgon< D`ubt `r jmstgon hgs thn naanct `a wgmvmkf thn pnkgety `a hgdd. D`ubt `r jmstgon hgs naanct mk Tgzmr.

YYC

Ygfn 1=

(QMM) Ruen @a Nvmdnkcn< Nvmdnkcn `a w`jnk ms k`t gdjmssmben mk hudud cgsns. Thn nvmdnkcn `a w`jnk ms gdjmssmben mk Tgmzr cgsns, but thn kmsgb `a `kn jgk gkd tw` w`jnk hgs t` bn jgmktgmknd. (QMMM) Stgkdgrd @a Nvmdkncn< Mk Hudud, thn stgkdgrd `a nvmdnkcn ms vnry hmfh gs t` thn kujbnr gkd qugemamcgtm`k `a wmtknssns gkd thn c`kdmtm`ks ukdnr whmch hgdd jgy bn mjp`snd gkd gky d`ubt w`ued bn suaamcmnkt t` prnvnkt thn mjp`smtm`k `a hgdd. Mk Tgzmr, thn stgkdgrd `a nvmdnkcn ms k`t s` hmfh. (MX) Jnktm`k @a @aankcns< S`jn lurmsts emst snvnk hgdd `aankcns. (m) \mkn (mm) (mm) Sgrmqgh (mmm) Hmrgbgh Hmrgbgh (mv) Wgdha Wgdha (v) Shrub (vm) Rmddhg Rmddhg (vmm) Bgfhy Bgfhy Tgzmr `aankcns hgs k`t bn jnktm`knd nxc eusmvney gkd thny grn mkkujnrgben. (X) Dmscrntm`k< Mk Hudud crmjns, thn ludfn cgkk`t c gkk`t nxnrcmsn hms dmscrntm`k. Mk Tgzur. Ludfn `r hngd `a thn stgtn jgy nxnrcmsn dmscrntm`k. (XM) Rnpegcnjnkt< Hgdd pukmshjnkts cgk bn dngth wmth ukdnr Tgmzr. Mk Tgzmr thn pukmshjnkt `a Hudud cgkk`t bn nka`rcnd. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn pukmshjnkts `a Hgdd gkd Tgzmr ms g pgrt `a M segjmc egw. Hgdd wgs prnvgenkt mk Grgbmg bna`rn thn pr`juefgtm`k `a Msegj gkd mt ms prm`r t` thn c`kcnpt `a pukmshjnkt gs Tgzmr. Mk Ygomstgk t`dgy Tgzmr gkd Smygsgh grn b`th c mgssmamnd ukdnr thn hngdmkf `a Tgmzr. Vhmen thn egw `a Hudud ms nka`rcnd th`ufht thn pr`hmbmtm`k `a Hgdd `rdnr (K`. 4), 7=6= Hkdud `rdmkgkcn QM 7=6= (`aankcns gfgmkst pr`pnrty) gkd \mkn `rdmkgkcn (nka`rcnjnkt `a hgdd) QMM7=6= . Dnagjgtm`k W Dnamkn dnagjgtm`k whgt grn thn nxcnptm`k t` thn chgrfn `a dnagjgtm`k0 Dmscuss. (2992) (2997) (7==6) W Dnamkn dnagjgtm`k whgt grn thn dnankcns gvgmegben t` g chgrfn `a dnagjgtm`k. (2997) (2999) (7==3) (2994/S) W Vhgt ms dnagjgtm`k0 Nxpegmk aueey vgrm`us nxcnptm`k t` thn c hgkfn `a dnagjgtm`k. (299>/G) 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Thn nssnkcn `a thn `aankcn `aan kcn `a dnagjgtm`k c`ksmsts mk mts tnkdnkcy t` cgusn thgt dnscrmptm`k `a pgmk whmch ms anet by g pnrs`k wh` ok`w o k`w hmjsnea t` bn thn `blnct `a thn ukagv`urgben snktmjnkts `a hms anee`w crngturn, gkd th`sn mkc`kvnkmnkcns t` whmch g pnrs`k, wh` ms thn `blnct `a such ukagv`urgben snktmjnkts, ms nxp`snd. Chgptnr XXM `a Y.Y.C rnegtns t` `a dnagjgtm`k. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf t hn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 4== t` >92 `a Y.Y.C 3. Dnagjgtm`k ^/Snc 4==<

YYC

Ygfn 69

Vh`nvnr by w`ros, smfks `r by vmsmben rnprnsnktgtm`ks jgons `r pubemshns gky mjputgtm`k c`kcnrkmkf gky pnrs`k mktnkdmkf t` hgrj `r ok`wmkf `r hgvmkf rngs`k t` bnemnvn thgt such mjputgtm`k wmee hgrj thn rnputgtm`k `a such pnrs`k, ms sgmd t` dnagjn t hgt pnrs`k. (M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Snc. 4==< Thn `aankcn `a dnagjgtm`k c`ksmsts `a a`ee`wmkf nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts. (m) Jgomkf `r Yubemshmkf gky Mj putgtm`k< Thnrn just bn jgomkf `r pubemshmkf `a gky mjputgtm`k c`kcnrkmkf gky pnrs`k, thgt ms, c`jjukmcgtnd t` s`jn pnrs`k `thnr thgk thn pnrs`k pn rs`k t` wh`j mt ms gddrnssnd, n. f . dmctgtmkf g enttnr t` g cenro ms pubemcgtm`k. Mt ms mjjgtnrmge whnthnr thn mjputgtm`k ms c`kvnynd `bemquney `r mkdmrnctey `r by wgy `a qunstm`k, nxcegjgtm`k `r by mr`ky. (mm) C`kcnrkmkf Gky Ynrs`k< Thn w`rds just c`ktgmk gk mjputgtm`k c`kcnrkmkf s`jn pgrtmcuegr pnrs`k `r pnrs`ks wh`sn mdnktmty cgk bn nstgbemshnd. (mmm) J`dn `a Such Mjputgtm`k< Such mjputgtm`k just hgvn bnnk jgdn by n mthnr `a a`ee`wmkf j`dns. g. V`rds< Such mjputgtm`k jgy by jngd by w`rds nmthnr sp`onk `r mktnkdnd t` bn rngd. b. By Smfks `r Qmsmben Rnprnsnktgtm`k< Mjputgtm`k jgy bn jgdn `r vmsmben rnprnsnktgtm`ks. Thn w`rds ―Qmsmben rn prnsnktgtm`ks‚ wmee Mkceudn nvnry p`ssmben a`rj `a dnagjgtm`k whmch mkfnkumty cgk dnvmsn. A`r mkstgkcn, g stgtutn, chgeo jgros `k g wgee, smfks `r pmcturns j gy c`kstmtutn g mjputgtm`k. (mv) Mktnktm`k, Ok`wendfn `r Bnemna t` Hgrj thn Rnputgtm`k< Mt ms k`t kncnssgry t` pr`vn thgt thn c`jpegmkgkt gctugeey suaanrnd dmrnctey a`rj thn scgkdge`us mjputgtm`k geenfnd, mt ms suaamcmnkt t` sh`w thgt thn gccusnd mktnkdnd t` hgrj, `r hgd rngs`k t` bnemnvn thgt thn mjputgtm`k jgdn by hmj w`ued hgrj thn rnputgtm`k `a thn c`jpegmkgkt. Cgsn Egw Y.E.D 2997 OGR77> Mt wgs hned thgt Jnksrng `r mktnktm`k ms nssnktmge cenjnkt `a thn `aankcn `a Dn agjgtm`k. g. Jngkmkf `a Hgrj< By hgrj ms jngkt Mjputgtm`k `k g jgk”s chgrgctnr jgdn gkd nxprnssnd t` `thnr s` gs t` e`wnr hmj mk thnmr nstmjgtm`k. (MM) Vhgt Gj`ukts T` Dnagjgtm`k< Nxpegkgtm`k gppnkdnd t` snc. 44= egy d`wk thgt thn a`ee`wmkf jgy gj`ukt t` dnagjgtm`k. (m) Mjputgtm`k t` Dngd Ynrs`k< Mt jgy gj`ukt t` dnagjgtm`k t` Mjputn gkythmkf t` g dncngsnd pnrs`k w`ued hgrj thn rn putgtm`k `a thgt pnrs`k ma emvmkf, gkd ms mktnkdnd t` bn hurtaue t` thn annemkfs `a hms `r `thnr kngr rnegtmvns. G pr`sncutm`k jgy bn jgmktgmknd a`r dnagjgtm`k `a g dncn gsnd pnrs`k, but k` sumt a`r dgjgfns wmee emn. (mm) Mjputgtm`k C`kcnrkmkf C`jpgky ntc< Mt jgy gj`ukt t` dnagjgtm`k t` jgon gk mjputgtm`k c`kcnrkmkf g c`jpgky `r gk gss`cmgtm`k `r c`eenctm`k `a pnrs`ks gs such. (mmm) Getnrkgtmvn `r mr`kmcge Mjputgtm`k<

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Ygfn 67

Gk mjputgtm`k mk thn a`rj `a gk getnrgtmvn `r nxprnssnd mr`kmcgeey jgy gj`ukt t` dnagjgtm`k. Thny nvnk w`rds `a prgmsn jgy bn usnd mk g dnagjgtm`k snksn. But mk such cgsns, thn c`jpegmkgkt `r pegmktmaa hgs t` pr`vn thgt thn w`rds hgvn k`t bnnk ukdnrst``d mk thnmr prmjgry snksn but mk thnmr dmaanrnkt gkd dnagjgtm`k snksn. 4. Nxcnptm`ks @r Dnankcns T` @aankcns @a Dnagjgtm`k< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nxcnptm`k `r dnankcns t` thn `aankcn `a dnagjgtm`k. (M) Mjputgtm`k @a Truth Vhmch Yubemc F``d Rnqumrns T` Bn Jgdn< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` mjputn gkythmkf whmch ms tr un c`kcnrkmkf gky pnrs`k, ma mt a`r thn pubemc gkd thgt hn mjputgtm`k sh`ued bn jgdn `r pubemshnd. But thn prmvmenfn d`sn k`t lustmay pubemcgtm`k mk nxcnss `a thn purp`sn `r `blnct whmch fmvns rmsn t` mt. (MM) Yubemc C`kduct @a Yubemc Snrvgkts< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` nxprnss ms f``d agmth gky `pmkm`k whgtnvnr rnspnctmkf thn c`kduct `a g pubemc snrvgkt mk thn dmschgrfn `a thn pubemc aukctm`ks `r rnspnctmkf hms chgrgctnr, s` a`r gs hms chgrgctnr gppngrs mk thgt c`kduct. Mt ms bnc gusn nvnry sublnct hgs g rmfht t` c`jjnkt `k th`sn gcts `a pubemc jnk whmch c`kcnrk hmj gs g sublncts `a thn rngej. (MMM) C`kduct @a Gky YNRS@K T`uchmkf Gkt Yubemc Wunstm`k< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` nxprnss mk f``d agmth gky `pmkm`k rnspnctmkf thn c`kduct `a gky pnr s`k t`uchmkf gky pubemc qunstm`k gkd rnspnctmkf hms chgrgctnr s` agr gs hms chgrgctnr gppngrs mk thgt c`kduct. (MQ) pubemcgtm`k @a Rnp`rts @a Yr`cnndmkfs @a C`urts< mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` pubemsh g substgktmgeey trun rnp`rt `a thn pr`cnnd mkf mkf `a g c`urt lustmcn `r `a thn rnsuet `a gky such pr`cnndmkfs. But thn rns`rt `a ludmcmge pr`cnndmkf cgkk`t bn pubemshnd t` thn c`urt hgs pr`hmbmtnd thn pubemcgtm`k `a gky such pr`cnndmkf `r whnrn thn sublnct jgttnr `a thn trmge ms `bscnkn. (Q) Jnrmts @a Cgsn @r C`kduct C` kduct @a Vmtknssns Ntc.< Thn gdjmkmstrgtm`k `a lustmcn ms g jgttnr ` a ukmvnrsge mktnrnst t` thn wh`en pubemc. Thn ludfjnkt `a thn c`urt, thn vnrdmct `a thn lury. Thn c`kduct `a pgrtmns gkd `a w mtknss jgy gee jgdn sublnct `a arnn c`jjnkt. But thn crmtmcmsj sh`ued bn jgdn mk f``d agmth. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” sgys ‘”M thmko t hmko ―\” nvmdnkcn k thgt trmge ms s` c`ktrgdmct`r y thgt hn just bn stupmd `r dmsh`knst,‚ ‘G” ms wmthmk thms nxcnptm`k ma hn sgys mk f``d agmth. (QM) Jnrmts @a Yubemc Ynra`rjgkcn< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` nxprnss mk f``d agmth gky `pmkm`k rnspnctmkf thn jnrmts `a gky pn ra`rjgkcn whmch mts gk`thnr hgs subjmttnd t` thn ludfjnkt l udfjnkt `a thn pubemc `r rnspnctmkf thn c hgrgctnr `a thn guth`r s` agr gs hms chgrgctnr gppngrs mk such pnr a`rjgkcn gkd k` aurthnr. G pnra`rjgkcn jgy bn subjmttnd nxprnssey `r mjpemndey by thn guth`r. Mk `thnr w` rds, gee omkds `a pnra`rjgkcns mk pubemc jgy crmtmcmznd pr`vmdnd thn c`jjnkts grn jgdn ms f``d agmth gkd agmr. Meeustrgtm`k< Gk gct`r `r g smkfnr wh` gppngrs `k g pubemc stgfn, subjmts hms gctm`k `r smkfmkf t` thn ludfjnkt `a thn pubemc. (QMM) Nksurn Ygssnd Mk F``d Agmth B y pnrs`k Hgvmkf Egwaue Guth`rmty @vnr Gk`thnr< Thn nxcnptm`k gee`ws g pnrs`k ukdnr wh`sn guth`rmty `t hnrs hgvn bnnk pegcnd, nmthnr by thnmr `wk c`ksnkt `r by thn egw, t` cnksurn thnj ms f``d agmth, s` agr gs rnfgrds thn jgttnr t` whmch thgt guth`rmty

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Ygfn 62

rnegtns. Meeustrgtm`k< G hngd `a g dnpgrtjnkt cnksurmkf mk f``d agmth th`sn wh` grn ukdnr thnsn `rdnrs. (QMMM) Gccusgtm`k Yrnanrrnd Mk F``d Agmth T` Guth`rmsnd Ynrs`k< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` prnanr mk f``d agmth gk gccusgtm`k gfgmkst gky pnrs`k t` gky `a t h`sn wh` hgvn egwaue guth`rmty `vnr thgt pnrs`k wmth rnspnct t` sublnct- jgttnr `a gccusgtm`k. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” mk f``d agmth gccusns ‘\” bna`rn g jgfmstrgtn hn ms wmthmk w mthmk thms nxcnptm`k. (MX) Mjputgtm`k By YNRS@K A`r Yr`tnctm`k @a Hms @thnrs” s Mktnrnsts< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k t` jgon gk mjputgtm`k `k thn chgrgctnr `a gk`thnr ma mt jgdn mk f``d agmth a`r thn pr`tnctm`k `a thn mktnrnst `a thn pnrs`k jgomkf mt, `r `a gky `t hnr pnrs`k `r a`r pubemc f``d. Thn ruen `a pubemc p`emcy `k whmch mt ms bgsnd ms thgt h`knst trgksgctm`k `a busmknss gkd `a s`cmge mktnrc`ursn wmee `thnrwmsn bn dnprmvnd `a pr`tnc tm`k whmch thny sh`ued nkl`y. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” g sh`ponnpnr sgys t` ‘B” hms jgkfnr ―snee k`thmkf t` ‘\” ukenss hn pgys y`u rngdy j`kny a`r M hgvn k` `pmkm`k `a hms h`knsty ‘G” ms wmthmk thms nxcnptm`k. (X) Cgutm`k Mktnkdnd A`r F``d @a Ynrs`k @r A`r Yubemc F``d< Mt ms k`t dnagjgtm`k whnrn g pnrs`k fmvns cgutm`k mk f``d agmth t` gk`thnr a`r thn f``d `a thgt `thnr, `r `a s`jn pnrs`k mk wh`j thgt `thnr ms mktnrnstnd `r a`r pubemc f``d. Nxgjpen Thms nxcnptm`k a`r mkstgkcn wmee gppey whnrn `kn jgk wgrks gk`thnr gfgmkst njpe`ymkf g thmrd pnrs`k mk hms snrvmcn, sgymkf thgt hn ms g dmsh`knst pnrs`k. (7=6= SCJY >4>) >. Yukmshjnkt A`r Dnagjgtm`k ^/Snc >99< Vh`nvnr dnagjns gk`thnr shgee bn pukmshnd wmth smjpen mjprms`kjnkt a`r g t nrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` tw` yngrs `r wmth amkn `r ` r wmth b`th. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt ukdnr thn pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C, dnagjgtm`k hgs bnnk jgdn gk `aankcn wmth`ut gky rnanrnkcn t` mts tnkdnkcy t` cgusn gcts `a meenfge vm`enkcn. Mjputgtm`k jgdn mk rnspnct `a gky pnrs`k gj`ukt t` dnagjgtm`k a`r thn purp`sns `a snc. 4== Y.Y.C , `key ma such grn pubemshnd gkd thn pnrs`k pubemshmkf thn sgjn mktnkds t` hgrj `r hgs rn gs`ks t` bnemnvn thgt such mjputgtm`k wmee hgrj thn rnputgtm`ks `a thn pnrs`k mk rnspnct `a wh`j thn mjputgtm`k grn pubemshnd. W. Mk whgt cgsns c`ksnkt, c`jpuesm`k c`j puesm`k `r kncnssmty jgy bn g suaamcmnkt dnankcn gfgmkst g chgrfn `a crmjn. 7. Mktr`ductm`k< Chgptnr MQ Y.Y.C dnges wmth nxcnptm`k t ` crmjmkge emgbmemty mk fnknrge. Thnrn grn cgsns whnrn thn c`ksnkt, c`jpuesm`k `r kncnssmty jgy `pnrgtn gs g dnan kcn t` g crmjmkge whnk thn cgsn c gsn whnk thn cgsn `a gk gccusnd c`jns mkt` thnsn snctm`ks, hn cgk tgon thn bnknamt `a mt. 2. Rnenvgkt Yr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc. Snctm`k 87 a`r kncnssmty Snctm`k =4 a`r c`jpuesm`k Snctm`k 86 t` =7 a`r c`ksnkts.

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Ygfn 63

3. Kncnssmty Gs G Dnankcn T` Crmjmkge @aankcn ^/Snc 87< (M) Jngkmkf @a Kncnssmty< Kncnssmty jgy bn dnamknd dnamknd gs ukdnr ―Kncnssmty jngks ukgv`mdgben cmrcujstgkcns `r smtugtm`ks crmtmcge mk kgturn engvmkf k` ch`mcn mk gctm`k.‚ (MM)Kncnssmty Gs G Dnankcn ^/Snc 87< Vhnrn gk gct ms d`kn v`euktgrmey, but mk f``d agmth gkd wmth`ut gky crmjmkge mktnktm`k t` cgusn hgrj a`r thn purp`sn `a prnvnktmkf `r gv`mdmkf `thnr hgrj t` pnrs`k `r pr`pnrty, mt wmee bn k`t gk `aankcn. (MMM) Mkfrndmnkts @a Snc. 87< (m)K` Mktnktm`k t` Cgusn Hgrj< Mk `rdnr t` fnt thn bnknamt `a snc, 87, 8 7, thn gct c`jpegmknd `a just bn d`kn wmth`ut gky crmjmkge mktnktm`k t` cgusn hgrj. Mt ms k`t `a thn d`ctrmkns `a crmjmkge lurmsprudnkcn thgt k` crmjn ms c`jjmttnd ukenss mt ms wmth g crmjmkge mktnktm`k. Thms d`ctrmkn ms mkceudnd mk snc 87 `a Y.Y.C. (mm) Gct D`kn Mk F``d Agmth< Thn gct just bn d`kn mk f``d agmth mk `rdnr `r prnvnkt ` r gv`md hgrj t` thn pnrs`k `r pr`pnrty. (mmm) T` G v`md Hgrj t` Ynrs`k `r Y r`pnrty< Gk gct whmch w`ued `thnrwmsn bn g crmjn jgy mk s`jn cgsns bn nxcusnd ma thn pnrs`k gccusnd cgk sh`w thgt mt wgs d`kn `key mk `rdnr t` gv`md c`ksnqunkcns whmch c`ued k`t `thnrwmsn bn gv`mdnd gkd whmch jgy mkaemctnd up`k hmj `r up`k `thnrs mknvmtgben gkd mrrnpgrgben gkd mrrnpgrgben nvme. (mv)Meeustrgtm`k< iGi mk g frngt amrn, puees d`wk h`usn mk `rdnr t` prnvnkt thn c`kamfurgtm`k ar`j sprngdmkf mk f``d agmth `a sgvmkf hujgk eman `r pr`pnrty. iGi ms k`t fumety `a thn `aankcn. 4. C`ksnkt Gs G Dnankcn T` G Crmjmkge @aankcn< (M) Jngkmkf @a C`ksnkt< Thn w`rd c`ksnkt hgs k`t bnnk dn amkn by Y.Y.C .S` mt jgy bn dnamkn mk g fnknrge wgy. ―C`ksnkt jngks gk gctmvn gctmvn wmee mk thn jmkd `a g pnrs`k t` pnrjmt thn d`mkf `a thn gct c`jpegmknd `a gkd ok`wendfn `a whgt ms t` bn d`kn `r `a thn kgturn `a thn t hn gct thgt ms bnmkf d`kn, ms n ssnktmge t` g c`ksnkt t` gct‚. (MM) C`ksnkt ^/Snc =9< Snctm`k =9 `a Y.Y.C sgys whgt ms k`t c`ksnkt gkd thus ruks mk knfgtmvn tnrj s. Gcc`rdmkf t` mt g c`ksnkt ms k`t g c`ksnkt mktnkdnd by thms c`dn,ma mt ms fmvnk. (m) By g pnrs`k ukdnr angr `a mklury, `r by g pnrs`k ukdnr jmsc`kcnptm`k `a agct gkd thn pnrs`k `btgmkmkf thn c`ksnkt ok`ws `r hgs rngs`k t` bnemnvn thgt thn c`ksnkt wgs fmvmkf mk c`ksnqunkcn `a such angr `r jmsc`kcnptm`k. @r (mm) By g pnrs`k `a uks`ukd jmknd `r wh` M s mkt`xmcgtnd gkd wh` ms ukgben t` ukdnrstgkd thn kgturn gkd c`ksnqunkcn `a thgt t` whmch hn fmvns hms c`ksnkt, `r (mmm) By g pnrs`k ukdnr twnevn yngr s `a gfn. (MMM)Cgsns Vhnrn C`ksnkt Lustmamcgtm`k A`r Gk @aankcn< (m)Gct d`kn by c`ksnkt u/snc 86< G pnrs`k wh` cgusns mklury t` gk`thnr pnrs`k gb`vn nmfhtnnk yngrs `a gfn, wh` hgs fmvnk hms c`ksnkt t` suaanr thn hgrj, by d`mkf gk gct whmch ms k`t ok`wmkf by thn d``r t` bn emoney t` cgusn dngth `r frnvm`us hurt, d`ns k`t c`jjmt gk `aankcn.

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Ygfn 64

Bgsms `a snc.86< Snc.86 ms bgsnd `k thn a`ee`wmkf jgxmj. ―v`enktm k`k amt mklurmg.‚ (hn wh` c`ksnkts suaanrs k` mklury) Sc`pn `a snc.86< Snc. 86 d`ns k`t pnrjmt g jgk t` fmvn hms c`ksnkt t` gkythmkf mktnkdnd `r ok`ws t` bn emoney t` c gusn hms `wk dngth `r frnvm`us hurt. @rdmkgrmey fgjns such gs b`xmkf, a``tbgee grn pr`tnctnd by thms snctm`k. (mm) Gct D`kn mk F``d Agmth a`r Y nrs`k”s Bnknamt u/snc 88< K`thmkf, whmch ms k`t mktnkdnd t` cgusn dngth, ms gk `aankcn by rngs`k `a gky hgrj whmch mt jgy cgusn `r bn mktnkdnd by thn d`nr t` cgusn `r bn ok`wk by thn d`nr t` bn emoney t` cgusn, t` gky pnrs`k a`r wh`sn bnknamt mt ms d`kn mk f``d agmth gkd wh` hgs fmvnk g c`ksnkt, whnthnr nx prnss `r mjpemnd, t` suaanr thgt hgrj `r t` tgon thn rmso `a thgt hgrj. Sc`pn `a snc.88< ^kdnr snc. 88, g pnrs`k ar`j wh`sn bnknamt g thmkf ms d`kn jgy c`ksnkt thgt gk`thnr shgee d` thgt thmkf nvnk ma mt cgusn hgrj t` hmj. ^kdnr mt gky hgrj nxcnpt dngth jgy bn mkaemctnd. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” g surfn`k ok`wmkf thgt g pgrtmcuegr `pnrgtm`k ms emoney t` cgusn dngth `a ‘\” gkd mktnkdmkf mk f``d agmth \” s bnknamt, pnra`rjs thgt `pnrgtm`k `k \” s c`ksnkt ‘G” hgs c`jjmttnd k` `aankcn. (mv) Gct D`kn mk F``d Agmth a`r Bnknamt `a Chmed `r Mksgkn Ynrs`k by C`ksnkt ` a Fugrdmgk u/snc 8=< K`thmkf, whmch ms d`kn mk f``d agmth a`r thn bnkn amt `a g pnrs`k ukdnr twnevn yngrs `a gfn `r `a uks`ukd jmkd by `r by thn c`ksnkt `a thn fugrdmgk, ms gk `aankcn by rn gs`k `a gky hgrj whmch mt jgy cgusn `r bn mktnkdnd by thn d`nr t` cgusn c gusn `r bn ok`wk by thn d`nr t` by emoney t cgusn t` thgt t hgt pnrs`k. C`kdmtm`ks< T` gttrgct snc. 8=, a`ee`wmkf c`kdmtm`ks knnd t` bn aueameend. Thn gct wgs d`kn a`r thn t hn bnknamt `a chmed `r eukgtmc Mt wgs d`kn mk f``d agmth by `r by thn c`ksnkt `a fugrdmgk. Nxcnptm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nxcnptm`ks t` snc.8=. Mt shgee k`t nxtnkd t` thn t hn mktnktm`kge cgusmkf `a dngth `r t` thn gttnjptmkf t` cgusn dngth. Mt shgee k`t nxtnkd t` thn t hn d`mkf `a gkythmkf whmch thn d`nr ok`ws t` bn emoney t` cgusn dngth, a`r gky purp`sn `thnr thgk thn prnvnktmkf `a dngth `r frnvm`us dmsngsn `r mkamrjmty. Mt shgee k`t nxtnkd t` thn t hn v`euktgry cgusmkf `a frnvm`us hurt, ukenss mt bn a`r thn purp`sn `a prnvnktmkf dngth `r thn curmkf `a gky frnvm`us dmsngsn `r mkamrjmty. Mt shgee k`t nxtnkd t` thn gbntjnkt `a gky `aankcn.

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Ygfn 6>

(mv)Nxcnptm`ks Vhnrn C`ksnkt wmee k`t Lustmay gs Dnankcn u/snc =7< Snctm`k =7 sgys thgt c`ksnkt u/snc 86, 88 gkd 8= wmee `key c`kd`kn thn gc t cgusmkf hgrj t` thn t hn pnrs`k fmvmkf thn c`ksnkt whmch wmee `thnrwmsn bn gk `aankcn. Gcts whmch grn `aankcns mkdnpnkdnktey `a gky hgrj whmch thny jgy cgusn wmee k`t bn c`vnrnd by such whmch thny jgy cgusn wmee k`t bn c`vnrnd by such c`ksnkt. N.f. Cgusmkf jmscgrrmgfn, pubemc kumsgkcn, `aankcns gfgmkst pubemc sganty, j`rges ntc. >. C`jpuesm`k Gs G Dnankcn T` Crmjmkge @aankcn ^/ Snc =4< Snctm`k =4 pr`vmdns nxcnptm`k a`r ` aankcns c`jjmttnd by g pnrs`k wh` d`sn gky gct nxcnpt jurdnr gkd `aankcns gfgmkst thn stgtn pukmshgben wmth dngth, ukdnr angr `a mkstgkt dngth, but angr `a hurt `r nvnk `a frnvm`us hurt ms k`t g suaamcmnkt lustmamcgtm`k. Nvnk angr `a auturn dngth ms k`t suaamcmnkt a`r gvgmemkf thn pr`tnctm`k pr`vmdnd by thms snctm`k. (M) Mkfrndmnkts @a Snctm`k =4< A`ee`wmkf grn thn nssnktmge mkfrndmnkts `a snc.=4 (m) Thn gct hgs bnnk d`kn ukdnr c`jpuesm`k. (mm) Thn jurdnr `r `aankcn gfgmkst thn stgtn pukmshgben wmth dngth sh`ued hgvn k`t bnnk c`jjmttnd. (mmm) Thn d`nr `a thn gct dmd k`t v`euktgrmey put hmjsnea mk thn smtugtm`k. (mv) Thn angr ukdnr whmch hn dmd thn gct wgs k`t sh`rt `a mkstgkt dngth. 1. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt thn c`ksnkt, c`jpuesm`k `r kncnssmty jgy `pnrgtn gs g dnankcn t` g crmjmkge `aankcn gkd thn burdnk wmee emn up`k thn gccusnd t` pr`vn thnsn cmrcujstgkcns `r nxcnptm`ks ukdnr Grtmcen 727 `a W.S.@, 7=84, gkd thn c`urt shgee prnsujn thn gbsnkcn `a cmrcujstgkcns brmkmkf thn cgsn wmthmk gky `a thn nxcnptm`ks. gbntjnkt W. Dnamkn gbntjnkt. Vhgt grn mts dmaanrnkt omkds gkd pukmshjnkts pr`vmdnd ukdnr Y.Y.C W. Dnamkn gbntjnkt0 Vhgt pukmshjnkts hgs bnnk pr`vmdnd a`r mt. W. Dnamkn gbntjnkt gkd gbntt`r whgt pukmshjnkts ms pr`vmdnd ma thn gct gbnttnd ms c`jjmttnd mk c`ksnqunkcn `a gbntjnkt. W. Dnamkn gbntjnkt gkd dmscuss thn emgbmemty `a g gbntt`r mk dmaanrnkt cmrcujstgkcns. Mktr`ductm`k< Gbntjnkt ms gk mkstmfgtm`k t` g pnrs`k t` d` gk gct mk g cnrtgmk cnr tgmk wgy `r gmd s`jn `thnr pnrs`k mk d`mkf gk gct whmch mk gk `aankcn. Gbntjnkt cgk bn c`jjmttnd `key whnk thnr n ms p`smtmvn nvmdnkcn `a nmthnr mkstmfgtm`k `r c`kspmrgcy `r mktnktm`kge gmd. Gt Nkfemsh c`jj`k egw mt ms c`jjmttnd by thn prmkcmpge mk thn 2kd dnfrnn. 2. Dnamkmtm`k `a gbntjnkt< (m)Begco s egw Dmctm`kgry<< T` nkc`urgfn, mkcmtn `r snt gk`thnr t` c`jjmt g crmjn.< c rmjn.< (mm) cgsn egw Dnamkmtm`k < Juthgjjge Qg Jgruthgthge< (7=87) < Gbntjnkt ms g prnpgrgt`ry gct gc t gkd c`kk`tns gctmvn c`jpemcmty `k thn pgrt `a thn gbntt`r gt g p`mkt `a tmjn prm`r t` thn gctuge gct uge c`jjmssm`k `a thn `aankcn. (mmm) Dnamkmtm`k u/sng 796 Y.Y.C
YYC

Ygfn 61

thgt thmkf, `r Thmrdey mktnktm`kgeey gmds, by gk gct `r meenfge `jmssm`k, thn d`mkf `a thgt thmkf. 3.Rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks< A`ee`wmkf grn thn rnenvgkt pr`vmsm`ks `a Y.Y.C rnfgrdmkf thn c`kcnrknd t`pmc Snctm`k 796 t` 729Y.Y.C 4.Nssnktmges `a gbntjnkt< (m) Thnrn just bn gk gbntt`r (mm)Hn just gbnt (mmm) Thn gbntjnkt just bn gk `aankcn >.J`dns t` c`kstmtutn gbntjnkt u/snc796< Thnrn grn thrnn j`dns t` c`kstmtutn gk gbntjnkt. (m) By mkstmfgtm`k (mm) (mm) By c`kspmrgcy (mmm) By Gmemkf (M) Gbntjnkt by mkstmfgtm`k< Thn w`rd mkstmfgtn jngks t` f`gd `r urfn a`rwgrd. Mkstmfgtm`k sh`ws s`jn s`rt `a gdvmcn a`r thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk gct, whmch ma d`sn w`ued bn gk `aankcn. Gdvmcn cgk bnc`jn mkstmfgtm`k `key ma mt ms a`ukd thgt mt wgs jngkt gctmvney t` suffnst `r stmjuegtn thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk `aankcn. (m) Jmsrnprnsnktgtm`k `r c`kcngejnkt gs gbntjnkt< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 7 `a snc796 ,g pnrs`k wh` by wmeeaue jmsrnprnsnktgtm`k `r by wmeeaue c`kcngejnkt `a gk jgtnrmge agct whmch hn ms b`ukd t` dmsce`sn v`euktgrmey cgusns `r pr`curns `r gttnjpts t` cgusn `r pr`curns g thmkf t` bn d`sn, ms sgmd t` mkstmfgtn t hn d`mkf `a thgt `a thgt thmkf. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” ok`ws thgt ‘B” ms k`t ‘c thnrn ms wgrrgkt a`r thn grrnst `a ‘c”. Hn rnprnsnkts thn `aamcns nxncutmkf thn wgrrgkt thgt ‘B” ms ‘C”. gkd thnrnby cgusns thn `aamcnr t` grrnst ‘B” thn `aamcnr ms fumety `a wr`kfaue rnstrgmkt but ‘G” ms fumety `a gbntjnkt. (MM) Gbntjnkt by c`kspmrgcy< (m) Dnamkmtm`k `a c`kspmrgcy u/snc 729-G Y.Y.C< Vhnk tw` `r j`rn pnrs`ks gfrnn t` d` `r cgusn t` bn d`kn< (7) Gk meenfge gct, `r (2) Gk Gct whmch ms k`t meenfge by meenfge jngks, such gk gfrnnjnkt ms dnsmfkgtnd g crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy. Cgsn Egw 7==8 Y.C r. E. L 7481 Mt wgs hned thgt t` c`kstmtutn crmjmkge c`kspmrgcy thnrn just bn gfrnnjnkt `a tw` `r j`rn pnrs`k t` d` gk gct whmch ms meenfge `r whmch ms t` bn d`kn by meenfge jngks (mm) C`kspmrgcy gj`ukt t` gbntjnkt< C`kspmrgcy cgk `key gj`ukt t` gbntjnkt ma gk gct `r meenfge `jmssm`k tgons pegcn mk pursugkcn `a thn c`kspmrgcy< (mmm) C`kcnrt wmth pnrs`k gbnttnd k`t kncnssgry< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k > t` snc 798, c`kcnrt `a gbntt`r wmth thn pnrs`k gbnttnd ms k`t kncnssgry. Mt ms suaamcmnkt ma hn nkfgfns mk thn c `kspmrgcy mk pursugkcn `a whmch thn `aankcn ms c`jjmttnd. (MMM) Gbntjnkt by gmd< Ma g pnrs`k l`mks gk`thnr mk thn c`jjmssm`k `a g crmjn by whmch hn ms bnknamt gkd whmch mt w`ued k`t bn p`ssmben t` c`jjmt but a`r hms gmd, hn ms fumety `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn crmjn `a gbntjnkt. Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 2 `a snc 796, g pnrs`k gbnts by gmdmkf, whnk by gky gct d`kn nmthnr prm`r t` `r gt thn tmjn `a thn c`jjmssm`k `a thn gct, hn mktnkds t` agcmemtgtn gkd d`sn mk agct agcmemtgtn thn c`jjmssm`k thnrn`a,

YYC

Ygfn 66

Meeustrgtm`k< G vmeegfn jgfmstrgtn wh` wgs prnsnkt whmen cnrtgmk p`emcn c`kstgben wnrn wr`kfaueey bngtmkf thn pnrs`k, gkd wh` k`t st`p thn crmjmkge gct bnmkf c`jjmttnd mk hms prnsnkcn hn gbnttnd w mthmk thn jngkmkf `a thms snctm`k. 1. Gbntt`r u/snc. 798< G pnrs`k gbnts gk `aankcn wh` gbnts nmthnr thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk `aankcn `r t hn c`jjmssm`k `a gk gct whmch bn gk `aankcn, ma c`jjmttn d by g pnrs`k cgpgben by egw `a c`jjmttmkf gk `aankcn wmth thn sgjn mktnktm`k `r ok`wendfn gs thgt `a thn gbntt`r< (M) Gbntt`r jgy bn mkk`cnkt gs prmkcmpge< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 7 `a snc. 798, g pnrs`k cgk bn hned f umety gs gbntt`r, th`ufht gs g prmkcmpge hn `jmssm`k `a gk gct t` g pubemc snrvgkt by prmvgtn pnrs`k. (MM) Gct gbnttnd knnd k`t t`j bn c`jjmttnd< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 2 `a snctm`k 798 , t` c`kstmtutn thn `aankcn `a gbntjnkt, mt ms k`t kncnssgry thgt thn gct gbnttnd sh`ued bn c`jjmttnd `r thgt thn naanct rnqumsmtn r nqumsmtn t` c`kstmtutn thn `aankcn sh`ued bn cg usnd. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” mkstmfgtns ‘B” t` jurdnr ‘c”. B rnausns t` d` s` ‘G” ms fumety gbnttmkf ‘B” t` c`jjmt jurdnr. (MMM) Cgpgcmty `a pnrs`k gbnttnd< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 3 `a snc 798 thn pnrs`k gbnttnd knnd k`t hgvn gky fumety mktnktm`k mk c`jjmttmkf thn gct, k`r sh`ued hn bn kncnssgrmey cgpgben by egw `a c`jjmttmkf gk `aankcn, thus g chmed `r g eukgtmc wh` grn supp`snd by egw mkcgpgben t` c`jjmt gk `aankcn jgy bn gbntt nd by gk`thnr pnrs`k wh` ms cgpgben egw t` c`jjmt gk ` aankcn wmth fumety mktnktm`k gkd thn gbntt`r ms fumety. Vhnthnr t hn gct ms gctugeey c`jjmttnd `r k`t. (Mv) Gbntjnkt `a gk gbntjnkt< Gcc`rdmkf t` nxpegkgtm`k 4 `a snc. 798, whnk thn gbntjnkt `a gk `aankcn ms gk `aankcn, thn gbntjnkt `a such gbntjnkt ms ges` gk `aankcn. Meeustrgtm`k< ‘G” mkstmfgtns ”B” t` mkstmfgtn ‘C” t` jurdnr \. ‘B” gcc`rdmkfey mkstmfgtns ‘C” t` jurdnr ‘\” gkd ‘C” jurdnr, ‘\” Gee grn emgben ‘C” ms a`r jurdnr, ‘B” a`r gbnttmkf jurdnr gkd ‘G” a`r gbnttmkf thn gbntjnkt `a jurdnr. 6. Yukmshjnkts `a gbntjnkt< (M) Vhnrn k` pukmshjnkt ms pr`vmdnd a`r gbntjnkt u/snc 79=< Ma k` nxprnss pr`vmsm`k mk thn c`dn a`r thn pukmshjnkt `a g pgrtmcuegr gbntjnkt ms jgdn gkd t hn gct gbnttnd ms c`jjmttnd mk c`ksnqunkcn `a thn gbntjnkt. Thn gbntt`r shgee bn gwgrdnd thn sgjn pukmshjnkt prnscrmbnd a`r thn `aankcn gkd thn gbntt`r `a gk `aankcn rnanrrnd t` mk chgptnr XQM shgee bn emgben t` pukmshjnkt `a Tgzmr spncmamnd a`r such `aankcn mkceudmkf dngth nxcnpt mk cgsn `a Morgh – Morgh –mm- Tgj. (MM) Vhnrn `aankcn c`jjmttnd wmth dmaanrnkt mktnktm`k `a gbntt`r u/snc779< Vhnrn `aankcn ms c`jjmttnd wmth dmaanrnkt mktnktm`k `r ok`wendfn ar`j thgt `a gbntt`r, thn pukmshjnkt gwgrdnd t` thn gbntt`r wmee bn thn sgjn gs pr`vmdnd a`r thn `aankcn `a whmch hn gbnttnd, gkd wmee `k `thnr. (MQ) Gct d`kn ms. Dmaanrnkt ar`j `kn gbnttnd u/snc 777< Vhnk gk gct ms gbnttnd gkd g dmaanrnkt gct ms b`kn, thn gbntt`r ms emgben a`r thn gct d`kn mk thn sgjn jgkknr gkd t` thn sgjn nxtnkt gs ma hn hgd dmrnctey gbnttnd mt. But mt ms kncnssgry thgt thn gct d`kn wgs

YYC

Ygfn 68

g pr`bgben c`ksnqunkcn `a thn gbntjnkt. (Mv) Vhnrn dmaanrnkt naanct cgusn ar`j gct gbnttnd u/snc 773< Vhnrn thn gct d`kn ms thn sgjn gs thn gct gbnttnd but mts naanct thgk thn gbntt`r ms emgben a`r thn naanct cgusnd pr`vmdnd hn ok`w thgt thn gct gbnttnd wgs emoney t` cgusn thgt naanct . (v) Yrnsnkcn `a gbntt`r whnk `aankcn ms c`jjmttnd u/snc . 774< Ma gbntt`r ms a`ukd prnsnkt gt thn scnkn whnk `aankcn wgs c`jjmttnd, hn shgee bn pukmshgben mk thn sgjn jgkknr gs ma hn hmjsnea hgs c`jjmttnd thn `aankcn. (Q) Gbntjnkt `a `aankcn pukmshgben wmth dngth `r mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman, ma `aankcn k`t c`jjmttnd u/snc. 77>< Ma gbntjnkt ms a`r k`t `aankcn pukmshgben wmth dngth `r mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman gkd k` nxprnss pr`vmsm`k a`r mts pukmshjnkt ms jgdn, thn gbntt`r shgee bn pukmshnd gs ukdnr. (m) Ma `aankcn ms k`t c`jjmttnd. 6yngrs gkd amk (mm) Ma gct d`kn cgusn hurt t` gky pnrs`k 74yngrs gkd amkn (QM) Gbntjnkt `a `aankcn pukmshgben wmth mjprms`kjnkt ma `aankcn k`t c`jjmtt nd u/snc 771< Ma gbntjnkt ms thn a`r thn `aankcn pukmshgben wmth mjprms`kjnkt gkd k` nxprnss pr`vmsm`k a`r mts pukmshjnkt ms jgdn, thn shgee bn pukmshnd gs ukdnr. (m) Ma `aankcn ms k`t c`jjmttnd M jprms`kjnkt `a gky dnscrmptm`k pr`vmdnd A`r thgt `aankcn a`r g tnrj whmch jgy Nxtnkd t` `kn- a`urth pgrt `a thn e`kfnst Tnrj pr`vmdnd a`r thgt `aankcn. @r wmth amkn @r wmth b`th (mm) Ma gbntt`r ms pubemc snrvgkt Mjprms`kjnkt `a gky dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj Vhmch jgy n xtnkd t` `kn hgea `a thn e`kfnst Tnrj pr`vmdnd a`r thgt `aankcn. @r wmth amkn @r wmth b`th (QMMM)Gbnttmkf c`jjmssm`k `a `aankcn by thn pubemc `r by j`rn thnk 79 pnrs`k u/snc776< Vh`nvnr gbnts thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk `aankcn by thn pubemc fnknrgeey `r by gky kujbnr `r cegss `a pnrs`k nxcnndmkf tnk, shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt `a nmthnr dnscrmptm`k a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` 3 yngrs `r wmth amkn `r wmth b`th. (MX)C`kcngejnkt `a dnsmfk t` c`jjmt `aankcn< Snctm`k 778 t` 729 pnkgemzn thn c`kcngejnkt `a dnsmfk t` c`jjmt thn `aankcn mk thn a`ee`wmkf jgkknr. (m) @aankcn Yukmshgben Vmth Dngth `r Mjprms`kjnkt a`r Eman u/snc 778< Ma `aankcn ms pukmshgben wmth dngth `r mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman gkd t hn sgjn ms G, C`jjmttnd Mjprms`kjnkt thgt jgy nxtnkd t` 6 yngrs gkd amkn B, K`t c`jjmttnd Mjprms`kjnkt thgt jgy nx tnkd t` 3 yngrs gkd amkn (mm) @aankcn c`jjmttnd by pubemc snrvgkt u/snc 77=< Ma g pubemc snrvgkt mktnkdmkf t` agcmemtgtn `r ok`wmkf mt t` bn emoney thgt hn wmee thnrnby agcmemtgtn thn c`jjmssm`k `a gk `aankcn whmch mt ms hms duty gs such pubemc snrvgkt t` prnvnkt, thn pukmshjnkt shgee bn Ma `aankcn ms c`jjmttnd, hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn hgea `a thn e`kfnst tnrj pr`vmdnd a`r t hn `aankcn `r wmth amkn `r b`th gkd ma mt ms pukmshgben wmth dngth `r mjprms`kjnkt a`r eman, thn pukmshjnkt jgy nxtnkd t` 79 yngrs. Ma `aankcn ms k`t c`jjmttnd, hn shgee bn pukmshnd wmth mjprms`kjnkt a`r g tnrj whmch jgy nxtnkd t` `kn-a`urth pgrt `a thn e`kfnst tnrj pr`vmdnd a`r thn `aankcn `r wmth amkn `r b`th. (mmm)@aankcn Yukmshgben Vmth Mjprms`kjnkt ^/snc 729< Ma `aankcn ms pukmshgben wmth mjprms`kjnkt `key gkd thn `aankcn ms

YYC

Ygfn 6=

g. C`jjmttnd. Mjprms`kjnkt thgt jgky nxtnkd t` `kn a`urth pr`vmdn a`r thn `aankcn Vmth `r wmth`ut amkn b. K`t c`jjmttnd Mjprms`kjnkt thgt jgy nxtnkd t` `kn nmfht `a thn e`kfnst tnrj t nrj Yr`vmdnd a`r thn `aankcn wmth `r wmth`ut amkn. 8. C`kceusm`k< T` c`kceudn, M cgk sgy, thgt gbntjnkt ms g substgktmvn `aankcn. Thn `aankcn `a gbntjnkt ms p`ssmben th`ufht thn `aankcn gbnttnd ms k`t c`jjmttnd. Mt ms g Crmjn gpgrt `r g dmstmkct `aankcn k`t g jnrn jmk`r `aankcn.

YYC

Ygfn 89