WBL WORLD BUSINESS LANGUAGES
BUSINESS ENGLISH 4 U UDŽBENIK ENGLESKOG POSLOVNOG POSLOVNOG JEZIKA ZA SAMOUKE SA IZRAĐENIM GRAMATIČKIM I JIZIČNIM VJEŽBAMA I OBJAŠNJENJIMA NA HRVATSKOM JEZIKU
ENGLESKO - HRVA H RVATSKA TSKA VERZIJA VERZI JA
CD 1 – 1
Unit 1 – First unit (1 st)
Jedinica 1 – Prva jedinica
MY COMPANY Characters: Miss
MOJA KOMPANIJA (TRGOVAČKO DRUŠTVO)
Towell (T), Miss Miss Townsend (TW)
Likovi: gđ ica ica
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My name is Peter Crawford. I am the owner of a large company in England. The name of my company is TRADE WINDS Ltd. It is a trading and manufacturing company which was founded by my grandfather many years ago. Its headquarters is in Brighton, in the south of England. Brighton is a famous seaside resort, some forty miles from London. Brighton is well connected with London by railway, motorway and a number of ordinary roads. Gatwick, one of London airports is 25 miles away and it serves as a gateway not only for London but also for the south of England. We usually use Gatwick when we travel overseas. It is always more convenient as the main London airport Heathrow, is often too crowded. The roads leading to this airport are often jammed. Another big problem is parking which is, by the way, quite expensive and not easily accessible. So, when we travel abroad, one of our associates drives us to the airport and picks us up again upon our arrival. arr ival. It is less costly and by far more convenient. To book our tickets and our hotel rooms we usually use the services of a small travel agency. This agency is called THE WINGS OF FREEDOM and its name somehow personifies its activities. Now we will witness a phone conversation between my secretary Miss Towell and an employee of the travel agency Miss Townsend. T: This is the Trade Winds head office in Brighton. May I speak with Miss Townsend, please? TW: Jane Townsend speaking. What can I do for you? T: Hello Jane, it’s nice to hear you again. My boss is planning a trip to Paris. P aris. As you know he often travels to Paris on business. He usually takes the Eurostar train from London to Paris. As a matter of fact, this time he would like to fly. He has picked the early morning plane leaving Gatwick at 7.45. Can you confirm two tickets for Mr. and Mrs Crawford for tomorrow, June 10th? He will pick up the tickets at the British Airways check – in counter at 7.00 o’clock tomorrow morning. Is it OK? TW: Let me check on the computer now. It’s OK. The seats have been just confirmed. I’ll send you the invoice today. Thanks for your order. If there’s anything else I could do for you, don’t hesitate to tell me. T: Yes, we’d like you to book a double room in the Grand Hotel where he usually stays when in Paris. As far as the return journey is concerned leave it open as Mr. Crawford hasn’t made up his mind yet how long he will be staying in Paris. TW: It’s perfectly all right. We’ll be in touch. Bye – bye for now. T: Thanks a lot. Bye – bye.
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Towell (T), gđ ica ica Townsend (TW)
Moje ime je Peter Crawford. Ja sam vlasnik velike kompanije u Engleskoj. Ime moje kompanije je TRADE WINDS Ltd. To je trgovačka i proizvodna kompanija koja je bila osnovana od mojega djeda prije mnogo godina. Njezino sjedište je u Brightonu, na jugu Engleske. Brighton je poznato obalno ljetovalište, nekih 40 milja (65 km) od Londona. Brighton je dobro povezan sa Londonom željeznicom, autocestom i određenim brojem običnih puteva. Gatwick, jedan od londonskih aerodroma je 25 milja udaljen i on služi kao ulazni aerodrom ne samo za London već i za jug Engleske. Mi obično koristimo Gatwick kada putujemo u inozemstvo. To je uvijek pogodnije jer je na glavnom londonskom aerodromu Heathrow često prevelika gužva. Putevi koji vode do tog aerodroma su često zakrčeni. Još jedan veliki problem je parkiranje koje uzgred u zgred budi rečeno prilično skupo i nije lako dostupno. Tako, kada mi putujemo u inozemstvo jedan od naših suradnika odveze nas do aerodroma i ponovno nas pokupi po našem dolasku. To je manje manje skupo i daleko pogodnije. Da rezerviramo naše karte i naše hotelske sobe mi obično koristimo usluge malene putničke agencije. Ta agencija se naziva: KRILA SLOBODE i njezino ime na neki na čin utjelovljuje njezine aktivnosti. Sada ćemo svjedočiti telefonskom razgovoru između moje sekretarice Miss Towell i službenice putničke agencije, Miss Townsend. T: Ovo je glavni ured TRADE WINDS-a u Brightonu. Mogu li govoriti sa Miss Townsend, molim? TW: Jane Townsend govori. Što mogu učiniti za Vas/tebe? T: Halo Jane, lijepo te je čuti ponovno. Moj šef planira put u Pariz. Kao što ti znaš on često putuje u Pariz poslovno. On obično uzima Eurostar vlak od Londona do Pariza. U stvari, ovaj puta on bi želio putovati avionom. On je izabrao rani jutarnji avion koji odlazi iz Gatwicka u 7.45. Možeš li ti potvrditi dvije karte za gospodina i gospođu Crawford za sutra, 10. lipnja? On će podići karte na British Airways pultu za prijave u 7 sati sutra ujutro. Je li to u redu? TW: Dozvoli mi da provjerim na kompjuteru sada. To je u redu. Sjedala su upravo potvrđena. Poslat ću ti račun (fakturu) još danas. Hvala na tvojoj narudžbi. Ako ima još nešto što bih mogla učiniti za tebe nemoj oklijevati da mi kažeš. T: Da, mi bismo željeli da nam rezerviraš dvokrevetnu sobu u Grand hotelu gdje on obično odsjeda kada je u Parizu. Što se tiče povratnog putovanja ostavi ga otvorenim jer gospodin Crawford još nije odlučio kako dugo će boraviti u Parizu. TW: To je savršeno u redu. Biti ćemo u kontaktu. Doviđenja za sada. T: Puno ti hvala. Doviđenja.
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PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI 1. trade winds – trgovački vjetrovi 2. trading and manufacturing – trgovanje i proizvodnja 3. which was founded – koja je bila osnovana 4. many years ago – prije mnogo godina 5. the headquarters – sjedište 6. seaside resort – morsko ljetovalište 7. well connected – dobro povezan(a) 8. by railway, motorway – željeznicom, autocestom autocestom 9. a number of – određeni broj 10. it is only 25 miles away – je samo 25 milja udaljen(a) 11. it serves – on (ona) služi 12. a gateway – ulazni punkt (točka) 13. when we travel overseas – kada mi putujemo preko mora 14. more convenient – pogodniji(a) 15. main London airport – glavni londonski aerodrom 16. too crowded – previše ispunjen 17. the roads leading to – putevi koji vode do 18. often jammed – često zakrčen 19. by 19. by the way – uzgred budi rečeno 20. quite expensive – prilično skupo 21. easily accessible – lako dostupan 22. we travel abroad – mi putujemo u inozemstvo 23. associate – suradnik 24. picks 24. picks up us again – pokupi nas ponovno 25. upon our arrival – po našem dolasku 26. less costly – manje skup(a) 27. by 27. by far – nadaleko 28. to book our tickets – rezervirati naše karte 29. the agency is called – agencija se naziva 30. somehow – nekako, na neki način 31. we will witness – mi ćemo svjedočiti (biti svjedoci) 32. head office – glavni ured 33. may I speak – mogu li razgovarati
34. what can I do for you – što ja mogu učiniti za Vas (tebe) 35. it’s nice to hear you – lijepo te je čuti 36. my boss is planning – moj šef planira 37. on business – poslovno 38. he usually takes – on obično uzima 39. the Eurostar train – vlak koji prolazi tunelom ispod Engleskog kanala 40. as a matter of fact – u stvari (kako stvari stvari stoje) 41. he would like to fly – on bi želio letjeti 42. he has picked out – on je izabrao 43. leaving Gatwick – koji napušta Gatwick (koji odlazi iz Gatwicka) 44. can you confirm – možeš li potvrditi 45. check-in counter – pult za prijem putnika 46. let me check – dozvoli mi da provjerim 47. the seats have been confirmed – sjedala su potvrđena 48. I’ll send you the invoice – ja ću ti poslati račun (fakturu) 49. still today – još danas 50. anything else – još nešto 51. that I could do for you – što bih ja mogla učiniti za Vas 52. don’t hesitate – nemoj oklijevati 53. we’d like (we would like) – mi bismo voljeli (željeli) 54. a double room – dvokrevetna soba a single room – jednokrevetna soba 55. he usually stays – on obično boravi (odsjeda) 56. when in Paris – kada je u Parizu 57. as far as I am concerned – što se mene tiče 58. the return journey – povratno putovanje 59. is concerned – se tiče 60. leave it open – ostavi to otvorenim 61. to make up one’s mind – odlučiti se 62. it’s perfectly all right – to je savršeno u redu 63. we’ll be in touch – biti ćemo u kontaktu
VOCABULARY company (´k mpəni) – društvo, kompanija trading (´treidiŋ) – trgovački was (w – bijaše by (bai) – od strane headquarters (hed´kw:tz) – sjedište, stožer forty (´f :ti) – četrdeset connected (k ə´nektid) ə´nektid) – povezan motorway (məutə´wei) – autocesta road (r ud) – cesta, put away (´wei) – udaljen also (:lsu) – također to travel (´træv l) – putovati convenient (k n´vinint) – pogodno as (æz) – kako, kao too (tu: ) – previše, suviše jammed (dæmd) – zakrčeni quite (kwait) – sasvim, posve accessible ( ´ksesibl) – dostupan associate (´sou ieit) – suradnik to drive (draiv) – voziti (autom)
name ( neim) – ime wind (wind) – vjetar manufacturing (mæni´fækt∫əriŋ) – proizvodnja year (jə:) – godina south (sauθ) – jug seaside (si:´said) – morska obala mile (mail) – milja with (wið) – s, sa number (´nmb) – broj airport (ε´p:t) – aerodrom, zračna luka to serve (s:v) – služiti usually (´juuli) – obično overseas (uv´si:z) – preko mora, inozemstvo main (mein) – glavni crowded (´krauwdid) – prepunjen, u gužvi expensive (iks´pensiv) – skup abroad (´br :d) – inozemstvo us (s) – nas by far (bai ´fa:) – na daleko service (´s:vis) – usluga
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trade (treid) – trgovina, trgovački Ltd – limited (´li:mitid) – ograničen which (wit∫) – koja/i founded ( ´faundid) – osnovana ago (ə´gəu) – prije famous (´feiməs) – poznat resort (ri´z:t) – ljetovalište from (fr m) – od railway (´reilwei) – željeznica ordinary (´:dinəri) – obični, redovni only (´unli) – samo gateway (´geitwei) – ulazna točka to use (ju:z) – koristiti always (´:lweiz) – uvijek more (m:) – više often (´f n) – često leading (´li:diŋ) – koji vode another (´nð) – još jedan, drugi by the way (bai ð wei) – uzgred budi rečeno to pick up (pik´ p) – pokupiti less (les) – manji to book (buk) – rezervirati
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again (´gen) – ponovno costly (´k stli) – skupo ticket (´tikit) – karta travel (´trævl) – putovanje wings (wiŋz) – krila to personify (p:´snifai) – personificirati to witness (´witns) – svjedočiti between (bi´twi:n) – između head office (hed´ofis) – glavni ured can I (k n´ai) – mogu li ja to plan (plæn) – planirati business (´biznis) – posao matter (´mæt) – predmet to like (laik) – voljeti early (´:li) – rani check – in (t ek´in) – prijava seat (si:t) – sjedalo to send (send) / sent (sent) / sent (sent) –poslati today (tu´dei) – danas could (kud) – mogao, mogao bih return (ri´t:n) – povratak to concern (k n´s:n) – ticati se yet (jet) – još perfectly (´pf ktli) – savršeno upon (´pn) – na
small (sm:l) – malen/a agency (´eidnsi) – agencija freedom (´fri:dm) – sloboda activity (æk´tiviti) – aktivnost phone (f un) – telefon, telefonski secretary (´sekr tri) – tajnica may I (mei´ai) – mogu li ja, smijem li ja to hear (hi) / heard (h:d) / heard (h:d) – čuti trip (trip) – putovanje to take (teik) / took (tuk) / taken (teikn) – uzeti to fly (flai) – letjeti plane (plein) – avion counter (´kau nt) – pult, šank just (dst) – upravo invoice (´invis) – račun, faktura order (´:d) – narudžba, naredba to hesitate (´heziteit) – oklijevati to stay (stei) – boraviti, odsjesti journey (´d:ni) – putovanje double room (d bl ´ru:m) – dvokrevetna soba to make (meik) /made (meid) / made (meid) – načiniti how (hau) – kako
our (au) – naš called (k :ld) – nazvan somehow (´smhau) – nekako now (nau) – sada conversation (k nv´sei n) – razgovor employee ( im´pli:) – službenik to speak (spi:k) – govoriti boss (bs) – šef to know (nu) – znati / knew (nju), known (nun) train (trein) – vlak fact (fækt) – činjenica time (taim) – vrijeme to pick – (pik) – izabrati, pokupiti to confirm (k n´f :m) – potvrditi to check (t ek) – provjeriti confirmed (k n´f :md) – potvrđen a lot (´lt) – puno, mnogo anything else (æni´iŋ els) – još nešto to tell (tel) / told (tuld) / told (t uld) – reći mind (maind) – pamet, um long (lŋ) – dugo touch (t t) – dodir, kontakt arrival (´raivl) – dolazak all right (:l´rait) – u redu
GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA PLURAL OF NOUNS – MNOŽINA IMENICA 1. Osnovno pravilo za tvorbu množine je da dodajemo slovo s na oblik imenice u jednini. Primjeri: wind – winds – (vjetar, vjetrovi) year – years – (godina, godine) road – roads – (cesta, ceste) airport – airports – (zračna luka, zračne luke) 2. Imenice koje završavaju na - y dobivaju u množini nastavak - es ali tako da se y mijenja u i. To vrijedi za imenice koje ispred - y imaju suglasnik. Primjeri: activity (´æktiviti) – activities (´æktivitiz) – (aktivnost, aktivnosti) agency (´əidənsi) – agencies agencies (´əidənsi:z) – (agencija, agencije) Ako imamo imenice koje završavaju na - y ali ispred -y imaju samoglasnik dodajemo - s kao i kod ostalih imena. Primjeri: boy – dječak – boys – dječaci toy – igračka – toys – igračke 3.
Imenice koje završavaju na -sh, -ss, -dge, -tch, -to, dobivaju nastavak -es u množini. Primjeri: tomato (tə´matəu) – rajčica – tomatoes (tə´ma:təuz) – rajčice potato (pə´teitəu) – krumpir – potatoes (pteitəuz) – krumpiri brush (br ) – četka – brushes (´br iz) – četke (´biznis) – posao – business businesses (´biznisis) – poslovi t) – sat – watches tiz) – satovi watch (w watches (´w bridge (brid) – most – bridges (´bridiz) – mostovi
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4. Neke imenice imaju nepravilne množine. Takve Takve primjere moramo memorirati. child (t aild) – dijete – children (´t ildr n) – djeca man (mæn) – muškarac – men (men) – muškarci woman (´wumn) – žena – women (´wimin) – žene tooth (tu) – zub – teeth (ti) – zubi foot (fut) – stopalo – feet (fi:t) – stopala mouse (maus) – miš – mice (mais) – miševi 5. Imenice koje završavaju na –f ili ili –fe mijenjaju u množini –f u u –ve te se dodaje –s. Primjeri: thief (i:f) – lopov – thieves (i:vz) – lopovi wife (waif) – supruga – wives (waivz) – supruge elf) – polica – shelves ( elvz) – police shelf ( 6. Neke imenice imaju isti oblik za jedninu jedninu i množinu. Primjeri: sheep – ovca – sheep – ovce fish – riba – fish – ribe 7. Neke imenice su uvijek u jednini. jednini. Primjer: information (inf ´mei n) – informacija (ne može se reći a lot of informations – to je krivo) ali se može reći several pieces of information – nekoliko informacija 8. Neke imenice su uvijek u množini. množini. Primjeri: jeans (di:nz) – traperice trousers (´trauzs) – hlače :ts)– kratke hlačice shorts ( news (nju:z) – vijesti (Here is the news – glagol se stavlja u jedninu)
Međutim, ipak se može kazati: a pair of jeans – par traperica a pair of shorts – par kratkih hlačica a pair of trousers – par hlača WORD ORDER – RED RIJEČI Red riječi u rečenicama je prema određenim pravilima koja se moraju poštivati. 1. Najuobičajeniji je red riječi kako slijedi: slijedi: Primjer 1 Subjekt – glagol – objekt I read a book – Ja čitam knjigu 2. Ako imamo priložne oznake one se stavljaju prema sljedećem pravilu: 1. manner (´mæn) – način – priložna oznaka načina 2. place (pleis) – mjesto – priložna oznaka mjesta 3. time (taim) – vrijeme) – priložna oznaka vremena Primjer 2 I gladly read a book in my room in the evening. Ja rado čitam knjigu u mojoj sobi navečer. 3. Obzirom da imamo dvije dvije vrste priložnih oznaka oznaka vremena, priložne oznake određenog vremena (in the morning, at 2 o´ clock - ujutro, u 2 sata) i priložne oznake neodređenog vremena (usually, often, seldom – obično, često, rijetko) moramo paziti gdje ih stavljamo u rečenici. 3.1 Priložne oznake određenog vremena moraju stajati ili na početku ili na kraju rečenice. Primjer: In the morning I read a book ili I read a book in the morning.
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3.2 Priložne oznake neodređenog vremena moraju stajati ispred glavnog glagola. Primjer: I often read a book in the evening. – Ja često čitam knjigu navečer. n avečer. I do not often read a book in the evening. – Ja ne čitam često knjigu navečer. Ak o je u rečenici složeno glagolsko vrijeme npr. futur, present perfect itd., prilog neodređenog vremena se stavlja ispred glavnog glagola. Primjer: I will often read a book in the evening. – Ja ću često čitati knjigu navečer. n avečer. He has never driven a bus. – On nije nikad vozio autobus. I have often read a book in the evening. – Ja sam često čitao knjigu navečer. Iznimka od gornjeg pravila 3.2 je glagol TO BE – biti i modalni glagoli CAN, MUST, MAY. U rečenicama s tim glagolima prilozi neodređenog vremena stavljaju se iza tih glagola. Primjeri: I am often at home in the evening. – Ja sam često kod kuće uvečer. I can always help them. – Ja mogu uvijek pomoći njima. She may usually stay at home in the morning. – Ona može obično ostati kod kuće ujutro. He must sometimes go out at night. – On mora katkad izaći noću.
CD 1 – 2 EXERCISES - VJEŽBE I.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS – ODGOVORITE NA OVA PITANJA
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What is the name of the owner? The name of the owner is Mr. Crawford. What company is TRADE WINDS? TRADE WINDS is a trading and manufacturin manufacturingg company. Who founded the company? Mr. Crawford’s grandfather founded the company many years ago. Where is their headquarters? Their headquarters is in Brighton. Where is Brighton? Brighton is in the south of England. How is it connected with London? It is connected with London by railway, motorway and by ordinary roads. How far away is Gatwick? Gatwick is about 25 miles away. What is Gatwick? Gatwick is one of London airports and a gateway to the south of England. What is the name of the main London airport? The name of the main London airport is Heathrow. What is a big problem of Heathrow? A big problem is that it is often too crowded, the roads leading to it are jammed and it is difficult and expensive to find parking there. How do they travel to Gatwick? One of their associates takes them in a company car to the airport and picks them up upon their arrival. Whose services do they usually use? They usually use the services of a small travel agency. What is this agency called? This agency is called THE WINGS of FREEDOM. What conversation will we witness? We will witness a phone conversation between their secretary and an employee of the travel agency.
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Kako se zove vlasnik?
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Kakva kompanija je TRADE WINDS?
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Tko je osnovao kompaniju?
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Gdje je njihov stožer?
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Gdje je Brighton?
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Kako je povezan sa Londonom?
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Koliko je udaljen Gatwick?
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Što je Gatwick?
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Kako se zove glavni londonski aerodrom?
10. Koji je veliki problem Heathrowa? 11. Kako oni putuju do Gatwicka? 12. Čije usluge oni obično koriste? 13. Kako se zove ta agencija? 14. Kakvom razgovoru ćemo mi svjedočiti?
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15. Who is planning a business trip to Paris? Mr. Crawford is planning a business trip to Paris. 16. How does he usually travel to Paris? He usually takes the Eurostar train which runs through the tunnel below the English Channel. C hannel. 17. How will he travel this time? This time he will travel by plane. 18. What time does the plane leave Gatwick? It is an early morning plane and it leaves Gatwick at 7.45. 19. Where will he pick up the tickets? He will pick up the tickets at the check – in counter of British Airways. 20. What do we need if we want to to travel safely? We need to have our seats confirmed. 21. What will Miss Townsend send today? She will send the invoice today. 22. What other booking did she make? She booked a double room at the Grand hotel in Paris. 23. Do you travel a lot? Yes, I travel quite a lot, mostly abroad. 24. Who takes care of your trips? My secretary takes care of my trips.
15. Tko planira poslovni put u Pariz? 16. Kako on obično putuje do Pariza? 17. Kako će on putovati ovaj put? 18. Kada avion napušta Gatwick? 19. Gdje će on pokupiti karte? 20. Što mi trebamo ako želimo putovati sigurno? 21. Što će gospođica Townsend poslati danas? 22. Koju drugu rezervaciju je ona napravila? 23. Da li Vi putujete puno? 24. Tko se brine o Vašim putovanjima?
II. PUT INTO THE CORRECT WORD ORDER THESE SENTENCES – STAVITE U PRAVILAN RED RIJEČI OVE REČENICE: 1. To Paris travels she usually by plane. 2. He always is tired in the evening. 3. Sometimes they clothes buy in London in Oxford Street. 4. You always can help us when a lot of work we have. 5. Who likes usually to go by train on business trips? 6. You seldom are ready to go on foot to school. 7. She regularly must pay the invoices 7 days after. 8. Where we can get the information we need will? 9. They every day park their car in the car park. 10. We laugh usually a lot when in the evening we watch this programme.
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RJEŠENJA I PRIJEVOD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
She usually travels to Paris by plane. He is always tired in the evening. They sometimes buy clothes in Oxford Street in London. You can always help us when we have a lot of work. Who usually likes to go on business trips by train? You are seldom ready to go to school school on foot. She must regularly pay the invoices after 7 days. Where can we get the information we will need? Every day they park their car in the car park. They park their car in the car park every day. 10. We usually laugh a lot when we watch this programme in the evening.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Ona obično putuje u Pariz avionom. On je uvijek umoran uvečer Oni ponekad kupuju odjeću u Oxford ulici u Londonu Vi nam uvijek možete pomoći kada mi imamo puno posla. Tko obično voli ići na poslovna putovanja vlakom? Ti si rijetko spreman spreman ići u školu pješice. Ona mora redovno plaćati račune nakon 7 dana. Gdje možemo dobiti informacije koje ćemo trebati? Svaki dan oni parkiraju svoj auto na parkiralištu.
10. Mi se obično jako smijemo kada gledamo ovaj o vaj program navečer.
OBJAŠNJENJA: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
USUALLY je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i stavlja se ispred glagola. ALWAYS je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i stavlja se iza glagola TO BE. SOMETIMES je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi ispred glagola. ALWAYS je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza modalnog glagola CAN. SELDOM je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza glagola TO BE. REGULARLY je priloška oznaka neodređenog vremena i dolazi iza modalnog glagola MUST. Upitni oblik modalnog glagola CAN tvori se inverzijom. EVERY DAY je priloška oznaka određenog vremena i stavlja se na početak ili kraj rečenice. USUALLY dolazi ispred glagola, a IN THE EVENING na kraj rečenice.
III. PUT THE UNDERLINED WORDS INTO THE PLURAL AND CHANGE THE SENTENCE APPROPRIATELY – STAVITE U MNOŽINU MNOŽINU POTCRTANE RIJEČI I PROMIJENITE REČENICE KAKO TREBA 1. A woman has the same rights as a man. Žena ima ista prava kao i muškarac. 2. A train between these two towns runs twice a day. Vlak između ova dva grada vozi dvaput dnevno. 3. A sheep in a European country is not a rare domestic animal. Ovca u europskoj zemlji nije rijetka domaća životinja. 4. That activity is not very popular. Ta aktivnost nije veoma popularna. 5. My child is a very good student . Moje dijete je veoma dobar student. 6. I have a bad tooth. Ja imam pokvaren zub. 7. He has a pain in his left foot. Boli ga lijevo stopalo. – On ima bol u lijevom stopalu.
Women have the same rights as men. Trains between these two towns run twice a day. Sheep in European countries are not rare domestic animals. Those activities are not very popular. Our children are very good students. We have bad teeth. They have pains in their left feet.
DODATNA OBJAŠNJENJA I. A ili an je množine pa se u takvim rečenicama izostavlja. izostavlja. an je neodređeni član i nema množine II. Množina od THAT je THOSE, množina od THIS je THESE. III. Pridjevi imaju isti oblik za jedninu i množinu npr. rare, popular. IV. Množina WOMAN je nepravilna i glasi WOMEN, a od MAN je MEN. V. SHEEP ima isti oblik u jednini i množini. VI. Množina od CHILD je CHILDREN, od TOOTH je TEETH. VII. Množina od HIS, HER, ITS je THEIR.
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CD 1 - 3 PHRASES INCLUDING THE VERB – TO GET (IZRAZI KOJI UKLJUČUJU GLAGOL – TO GET) TO GET – dobiti, primiti Glagol TO GET se često koristi u kombinaciji s prijedlozima pr ijedlozima to get up – ustati I get up at 7:00 a.m. – Ja ustajem u 7 ujutro. to get down – spustiti, skinuti He got down her suitcase from the rack. – On je skinuo njezin kofer s prtljažnika. to get in to – stići, prispijeći When do we get in to Victoria station? – Kada stižemo na kolodvor Victoria? to get through – proći (kroz) They must first get through the customs. – Oni moraju prvo proći kroz carinu. to get over – završiti He will get over with his homework in 30 minutes. – On će završiti svoju zadaću za 30 minuta. to get on – ući (na vlak, autobus), napredovati We get on the train in 10 minutes. – Mi ulazimo u vlak za 10 minuta. How are you getting on? – Kako ti ide? Kako Vi napredujete? – sići (s vlak a, a, autobusa) to get off – We will get off at the next bus stop. – Sići ćemo na sljedećej autobusnoj stanici.
to get out – izaći Get out of my house! – Izađi iz moje kuće! to get over – preći preko nečega, prebroditi It was hard for her to get over her husband’s death. – Bilo joj je teško prebroditi smrt muža. to get into – ući Get into the car immediately. – Uđi u auto smjesta. to get to – prihvatiti se (nekog posla) We are ready to get to serious work. – Mi smo spremni da se prihvatimo ozbiljnog posla. to have got – imati, trebati She has got to study every day. – Ona treba studirati svaki dan. to get along – uspijevati, slagati se How are you getting along with your boss? – Kako se slažeš sa svojim šefom?
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CD 1 – 13 Unit 5 – Fifth unit (5 th)
Jedinica 5 – Peta jedinica
MARKETING AND SALES STRATEGY 1
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Like any serious and global company we have always relied very much on marketing and sales strategy. These two activities have been the backbone of successful and profitable operations not only in the United Kingdom but all over the world. We established our marketing department in our main office years ago. Then little by little we adapted our marketing strategy to specific conditions worldwide simultaneously as we grew into a global player conquering foreign markets. Our overseas subsidiaries have adopted the main principles of this strategy and they have been controlling their position thanks to their strength and a constant support of our headquarters. Coordination, correct decision making and a full range of right measures at the right time have been the crucial moves of our management. A constant follow up and feed back by both our own staff and our foreign partners have secured us smooth operations in all foreign markets. With all these prerequisites it is much easier now to run our firm on a daily, monthly and annual basis. The financial data and sales figures pouring in enable our analysts to find out the real situation. In case something unpleasant turns up we are ready to react promptly and take the right measures to rectify the situation. Before we launch a new product we carefully do the market research, analyse the prices and the competition and take all the necessary steps. We reconsider possible objections of our people on the spot and never rush into a market without being reassured that we have made the right decision. The connections of our representatives with the local authorities and even the government officials are some guarantee of a successful investment. The natives, working with our foreign subsidiaries are a valuable source of all kinds of information. They know best what suits their domestic markets, the taste of their countrymen and can even suggest the right name of a product. The packaging material must not hurt the feelings f eelings of potential buyers. The choice of colours and motives must correspond with the living habits of a particular nation. Finally, we have to be aware of what segment of the market we want to reach. If it is an expensive product, aimed to reach high-end market it cannot be offered at the same time to a low-end market under the same brand. Branding has become highly appreciated by end – users. Very often a product is sold because it has a global appeal. A brand is worth a fortune nowadays, provided it is widespread and recognised especially by the young. We are not going to mention these famous brands but I hope you know what we mean. Our R&D department which stands for research and development has been an inevitable part of our overall activities. It must not be neglected as it is a passport to constant revenue and earnings and consequently profits which assure our worldwide leading edge.
MARKETING I STRATEGIJA PRODAJE 1
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Kao i bilo koja ozbiljna i globalna kompanija i mi smo se uvijek oslanjali veoma mnogo na marketing i strategiju prodaje. Te dvije aktivnosti su kičma uspješnih i profitabilnih poslovanja ne samo u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu već svuda širom svijeta. Mi smo osnovali naš marketinški odjel u našem glavnom uredu prije nekoliko godina. Zatim, malo malo po malo mi smo prilagodili našu marketing strategiju posebnim uvjetima širom svijeta istovremeno kako smo izrasli u globalnog igrača osvajajući strana tržišta. Naše inozemne podružnice prihvatile su glavne principe te strategije i one kontroliraju svoje pozicije zahvaljujući svojoj snazi i stalnoj podršci našeg stožera. Koordinacija, ispravno donošenje odluka i cjeloviti raspon ispravnih mjera u pravo vrijeme su bili (i još su) bitni potezi našeg menadžmenta. Stalno praćenje i povratne informacije i od našeg vlastitog osoblja i naših stranih partnera osiguravaju nam glatka (bez teškoća) poslovanja na svim stranim tržištima. Sa svim tim preduvjetima mnogo je lakše sada voditi našu tvrtku na dnevnoj, mjesečnoj i godišnjoj osnovi. Financijski podatci i brojke o prodaji koje se slijevaju, omogućavaju našim analitičarima da otkriju stvarnu situaciju. U slučaju da se nešto neugodno pojavi mi smo spremni da reagiramo neposredno (smjesta) i poduzmemo ispravne mjere da ispravimo tu situaciju. Prije nego što lansiramo novi proizvod mi pažljivo obavimo tržišno ispitivanje, analiziramo cijene i konkurenciju i učinimo sve potrebne korake. Mi opetovano razmotrimo moguće prigovore naših ljudi na licu mjesta i nikada ne žurimo na neko tržište bez da smo se uvjerili da smo učinili pravu odluku. Veze naših predstavnika s lokalnim vlastima i čak s vladinim službenicima su neka garancija uspješne investicije. Domaći radnici koji su kod naših stranih podružnica su vrijedan izvor svih vrsti informacija. Oni najbolje znaju što odgovara njihovim tržištima, ukus svojih zemljaka, i čak i mogu predložiti pravo ime nekog proizvoda. Materijal za pakovanje ne smije povrijediti osjećaje potencijalnih kupaca. Izbor boja i motiva mora odgovarati s životnim navikama određene zemlje. Konačno, moramo biti svjesni koji segment tržišta mi želimo doseći. Ako je to neki skupi proizvod, s kojim se cilja doprijeti do najskupljeg dijela tržišta, on se ne može nuditi pod istom tržišnom markom. Branding (stvaranje tržišne marke) postalo je visoko cijenjeno od strane krajnjih korisnika. Veoma često proizvod se p rodaje jer je dostigao globalnu privlačnost. Brand (tržišna marka) vrijedi bogatstvo u današnje vrijeme pod uvjetom da je široko rasprostranjen i priznat pogotovo od mladih. Ne namjeravamo spominjati te poznate brandove, ali se nadam da Vi znate na što mislimo. Naš R&D odjel što znači istraživanje i razvoj je neizostavan dio naše sveukupne aktivnosti. On ne smije biti zanemaren jer on je putovnica konstantnom prihodu, zaradi i posljedično profitima posljedično profitima koji osiguravaju našu vodeću ulogu širom svijeta.
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PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI 1. like any – nalik na bilo koju 2. global company – globalna kompanija 3. to rely on – pouzdavati se, oslanjati se 4. the backbone of successful – kičma uspješnog 5. operations – poslovanje 6. all over the world – širom svijeta 7. we established – mi smo osnovali, uspostavili 8. years ago – godinama prije 9. little by little – malo, pomalo 10. worldwide – po svijetu 11. simultaneously – istovremeno 12. conquering – osvajajući 13. foreign markets – strana tržišta 14. overseas subsidiary – prekomorska podružnica 15. main principles – glavni principi 16. they have been controlling – oni kontroliraju 17. thanks to – zahvaljujući 18. constant support – stalna podrška 19. headquarters – uprava, glavi štab, stožer 20. decision making – donošenje odluka 21. full range – puna paleta, puni raspon 22. at the right time – u pravo vrijeme 23. crucial moves – bitni potezi 24. follow up – praćenje 25. feed back – povratna informacija 26. by both – od oba, obadva 27. own staff – vlastito osoblje 28. foreign partners – strani partneri 29. have secured us – osigurali su nama 30. smooth operations – glatko poslovanje (bez problema) 31. daily – dnevni 32. monthly – mjesečni 33. annual – godišnji 34. financial data – financijski podatci 35. sales figures – brojke o prodaji 36. pouring in – koje se slijevaju u 37. to enable – omogućiti 38. analyst – analitičar 39. to find out – pronaći, saznati 40. in case – u slučaju da 41. something unpleasant – nešto neugodno 42. to turn up – pojaviti se 43. to be ready – biti spreman 44. to react promptly – reagirati smjesta (neposredno) 45. to take right measures – poduzeti prave mjere 46. to rectify – ispraviti 47. before we launch – prije nego što mi lansiramo 48. to do market research – uraditi istraživanje tržišta 49. to analyse – analizirati 50. competition – konkurencija, natjecanje 51. necessary steps – potrebne korake
52. to reconsider – ponovno razmotriti 53. possible objections – mogući prigovori 54. people on the spot – ljudi na licu mjesta 55. to rush – brzati, jurnuti 56. without being reassured – bez da smo uvjereni 57. to make a decision – donijeti odluku 58. connection – veza 59. local authority – lokalna vlast 60. even – čak 61. government officials – vladini službenici 62. some guarantee – neka garancija 63. successful investment – uspješna investicija 64. natives – domaći ljudi 65. with our foreign subsidiaries – kod naših stranih podružnica 66. a valuable source – vrijedan izvor 67. of all kinds – svih vrsta 68. to suit their markets – da odgovara njihovim tržištima 69. can even suggest – mogu čak predlagati 70. must not hurt – ne smije povrijediti 71. potential buyers – potencijalni kupci 72. choice of colours – izbor boja 73. living habits – životne navike 74. of a particular nation – određene zemlje 75. to be aware – biti svjestan 76. segment of the market – tržišni segment 77. aimed to reach – cilj je doseći 78. high-end market – skupi (vrhunski) dio tržišta 79. it cannot be offered – ne može se ponuditi 80. low-end market – niski (jeftini) dio tržišta 81. under the same brand – pod istim brandom 82. highly appreciated – visoko cijenjen 83. end-user – krajnji korisnik 84. is sold – prodaje se 85. global appeal – svjetska privlačnost 86. to be worth – biti vrijedan (u novcu) 87. nowadays – u današnje vrijeme 88. provided – pod uvjetom 89. widespread – širom rasprostranjen 90. recognised – priznat 91. the young – mladi 92. what we mean – ono što mi mislimo 93. R&D (research and development) – istraživanje i razvoj 94. to stand for – stajati za (značiti) 95. inevitable – nezaobilazan, neizostavan 96. to be neglected – biti zanemaren 97. revenue – prihod (od prodaje) 98. earnings – zarada 99. consequently – posljedično 100. leading edge – predvodnik napretka, vodeća uloga
VOCABULARY marketing (´ma:k tiŋ) – marketing global (´glubl) – globalni, svjetski activity (æk´tiviti) – aktivnost profitable (pr ´fit bl) – koji donosi profit kingdom (´kiŋdm) – kraljevstvo
sales (seilz) – prodaja to rely (ri´lai) – osloniti se, pouzdati se backbone (bæk´bun) – kičma operations ( p´rei nz) – poslovanje to establish (i´stæbli ) – osnovati, ustanoviti
like (laik) – nalik, kao strategy (stræ´tdi) – strategija of (v) – od (koga ili čega) united (ju´naitid) – ujedinjen/a/o department (di´pa:tmnt) – odjel then (ðen) – tada
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years (j:z) – godine specific (´spesifik) – posebni constant (´k nstnt) – stalan by (bai) – od own (un) – vlastiti simultaneously (si´multeinjsli) – istovremeno principle (´prinsipl) – princip strength (streŋ) – snaga coordination (k :dinei n) – koordinacija making (´meikiŋ) – izrada, pravljenje measure (´me:) – mjera management (´mændment) – upravljanje research (ri´s:t ) – istraživanje competition (k m´peti n) – konkurencija, natjecanje easier (´i:zi) – lakši annual (´ænjul) – godišnji/a to pour in (p:) – slijevati se to find out (faind´aut) – pronaći, saznati case (keis) – slučaj an official ( ´fi l) – službenik natives (´neitiviz) – domaći ljudi kind (kaind) – vrsta countrymen (´k ntrimen) – zemljaci material (mæ´tiril) – materijal potential (´pten l) – mogući correspond (k r ´spnd) – odgovarati particular (p´tikjul) – određena aware (´wε) – svjestan spot (spt) – mjesto reassured (ri´ :d) – uvjeren authorities (:´ritiz) – vlasti government (g´vment) – vlada low-end (´luend) – krajnji, najniži branding (brændiŋ) – stvaranje tržišne marke sold (suld) – prodan fortune (´f :t n) – bogatstvo recognised (´rik gnaizd) – priznat young (jŋ) – mladi/a development (di´vel pmnt) – razvoj neglected (n´glektid) – zanemaren to reach (ri:t ) – doseći high-end (´haiend) – krajnji , najviši earnings (´:niŋgz) – zarada
little (litl) – malo condition (k n´di n) – uvjet follow up (´f lu p) – praćenje both (bu) – oba, obadva to secure (s´kju) – osigurati grew (gru:) – prošlo vrijeme od ˝to grow˝ player (plei) – igrač to control (k n´tr ul) – kontrolirati constant (´k nstnt) – stalan correct (k ´rekt) – ispravan full (ful) – potpun crucial (´kru: l ) – bitan promptly (´pr mtli) – neposredno, odmah to analyse (æn´laiz) – analizirati necessary (´nes sri) – potrebni to reconsider (ri´k nsid) – ponovno razmotriti basis (´beisiz) – osnova to enable (i´neibl) – omogućiti real (ri:l) – stvarna unpleasant (n´pleznt) – neugodno guarantee (ge´r nti) – garancija valuable (´vælju bl) – vrijedan to suit (sju:t) – odgovarati to suggest (s´dest) – predložiti to hurt (h:t) – povrijediti, raniti buyer (´b j) – kupac living (´liviŋ) – životni nation (´nei n) – zemlja, nacija objection ( b´dek n) – prigovor to rush (r ) – juriti, žuriti representative (repr ´zenttiv) – predstavnik offered (´f :d) – ponuđen under (´nd) – pod to become (bi´k m) – postati appreciated (´pri ietid) – cijenjen appeal (´pi:l) – privlačnost provided (pr ´vaidid) – pod uvjetom especially (i´spe li) – pogotovo famous (´feims) – poznati inevitable (i´nevit bl) – neizostavan passport (pa:s´p:t) – putovnica expensive (ik´spensiv) – skup edge (ed) – rub profit (´pr fit) – profit
to adapt (´dæpt) – prilagoditi, prihvatiti worldwide (wld´waid) – širom svijeta feed back (fi:d ´bæk ) – povratna informacija smooth (smu:) – gladak, bez teškoća to grow/grew/grown – rasti to conquer (´k nk ) – osvojiti thanks (æŋks) – zahvaljujući support (s´p:t) – podrška decision (di´sin) – odluka range (´reind) – raspon move (mu:v) – potez to rectify (´rekti:fai) – ispraviti to launch (l:nt ) – lansirati price (prajs) – cijena step (step) – korak prerequisites (pri´rekwizits) – preduvjeti monthly (´mnli) – mjesečni/a data (´deit) – podatci analyst (´ænlist) – analitičar situation (sitju´ei n) – situacija to react (ri´ækt) – reagirati investment (in´vestment) – investicija source (s:s) – izvor taste (teist) – ukus packaging (´pæk diŋ) – ambalažni feeling (´fi:liŋ) – osjećaj colour (´k l) – boja habit (´hæbit) – navika finally (´fainli) – napokon, konačno people (pi:pl) – ljudi, narod being (´bi:ŋ) – bivanje to need (ni:d) – trebati even (i:vn) – čak same (seim) – isti, isto brand (brænd) – tržišna marka highly (´haili) – visoko end-user (end´juz:) – krajnji korisnik worth (w:) – vrijedan widespread (waid´spred) – široko rasprostranjen to mean (mi:n) – misliti part (pa:t) – dio to want (wnt) – željeti aimed (´eimd) – sa ciljem revenue (´revnju) – prihod (od prodaje) to assure (´ u) – osigurati
GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA PAST TENSE I PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Gramatički dio ove nastavne jedinice posvetili smo razlici između PAST TENSE i PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. TENSE. Već smo prije naveli osnovna pravila. Da ih ponovimo! su se dogodile u prošlosti te se navodi navodi kada se to dogodilo. PAST TENSE se upotrebljava za radnje koje su Primjeri iz teksta (za PAST TENSE): We established our marketing department years ago. (Mi smo ustanovili naš marketinški odjel godinama prije/prije mnogo godina.) Then we adapted our strategy to specific conditions. (Tada smo prilagodili našu strategiju na specifične uvjete.)
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Nastavlja se sa iznošenjem iznošenjem određene misli i iz sadržaja se se vidi da se to događalo u prošlosti. prošlosti. Primjer iz teksta (za PRESENT PERFECT TENSE): We have always relied on marketing and sales strategy. (Mi smo se uvijek pouzdavali /i još se pouzdajemo/ na marketing i strategiju prodaje.) – ˝always˝ traži Prezent Perfect – pravilo III. PRESENT PERFECT se upotrebljava, kao što je navedeno u UNIT 4 u sljedećim situacijama: I. Radnju koja je upravo završila. II. Radnju koja je završila u prošlosti ali se ne navodi kada – posljedice te radnje još se osjećaju. osjećaju. III. Uz priložne oznake koje uključuju sadašnje vrijeme. Our overseas subsidiaries have adapted the main principles of this strategy. (Naše prekomorske podružnice su prihvatile glavne principe ove strategije.) – pravilo II. Branding has become highly appreciated by end-users. (Stvaranje tržišne marke je postalo visoko cijenjeno od strane krajnjih korisnika.) – pravilo II. Da pokušamo rezimirati: Ako se navodi kada se nešto dogodilo u prošlosti p rošlosti MORA se upotrijebiti PAST TENSE. Ako se ne navodi kada se nešto dogodilo, ili uz priložne oznake koje uključuju sadašnji trenutak, sadašnje vrijeme (pravilo III) upotrijebite PRESENT PERFECT (ili SIMPLE ili CONTINUOUS). Navedena pravila se prvenstveno prvenstveno odnose na britanski engleski. U američkom engleskom primjene navedenih pravila nisu tako striktne.
CD 1 – 14 EXERCISES - VJEŽBE I. 1.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS – ODGOVORITE NA OVA PITANJA
What have we always relied on? We have always relied on marketing and sales strategy. 2. What have these two activities been? These two activities have been the backbone of successful and profitable operations in the UK and all over the world. 3. When did we establish our marketing department? We established our marketing department years ago. 4. What did we do little by little? Little by little we adapted our marketing strategy to specific conditions worldwide. 5. What have our overseas subsidiaries adopted? Our overseas subsidiaries have adopted the main principles of this strategy. 6. How have they been controlling their position? They have been controlling their position thanks to their strength and a constant support of our headquarters. 7. What have been the crucial moves of our management? Co-ordination, correct decision making and a full range of right measures at the right time have been the crucial moves of our management. 8. What has secured us smooth operations in all foreign markets? A constant follow up and feed back by both our own staff and our foreign partners have secured us smooth operations in all foreign markets. 9. What is much easier with all these prerequisites? It is much easier to run our firm on daily, monthly and annual basis. 10. What enables our analysts analysts to find out the real situation? The financial data and sales figures enable our analysts to find out the real situation. 11. What can we do in case something unpleasant turns up? up? In case something unpleasant turns up we can take the right measures to rectify the situation.
1.
Na što smo se uvijek oslanjali?
2.
Što su te dvije aktivnosti?
3.
Kada smo ustanovili naš marketinški odjel?
4.
Što smo mi učinili malo po malo?
5.
Što su naše prekomorske podružnice prihvatile?
6.
Kako one kontroliraju svoje pozicije?
7.
Što su bitni potezi našeg menadžmenta?
8.
Što nam je osiguralo glatko poslovanje na svim stranim tržištima?
9.
Što je mnogo lakše sa svim tim preduvjetima?
10.
Što omogućava našim analitičarima da sa znaju stvarnu situaciju?
11.
Što možemo mi uraditi u slučaju da se nešto neugodno pojavi?
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12. What do we do before we launch launch a new product? Before we launch a new product we carefully do the market research, analyse the prices and the competition and do all the necessary steps. 13. What do we reconsider? We reconsider possible objections of our people on the spot and never rush into a market without being reassured that we have made the right decision. 14. What is some guarantee of a successful investment? The connections of our representatives with the local authorities and even the government officials are some guarantee of a successful investment. 15. Who is a valuable source of all kinds of information? information? The natives working with our foreign subsidiaries are a valuable source of all kinds of information. 16. What do they know best? They know best what suits their domestic markets as well as the taste of their countrymen. countrymen. 17. What can they suggest? They can even suggest the right name of a product. 18. What mustn’t hurt feelings of potential buyers? The packaging material must not hurt the feelings of potential buyers. 19. What do we have to be aware of? We have to be aware of what segment of the market we want to reach. 20. What are the the two two opposite opposite segments segments of the market? The two opposite segments of the market are the high-end market and the low-end market. 21. What has become highly appreciated by end-users? Branding has become highly appreciated a ppreciated by end-users. 22. Which are some of the world famous brands? Coke, Nike, Adidas, Lacoste, Nokia, Sony are some of the most famous brands. 23. What does R&D stand for? R&D stands for research and development. 24. What does this department contribute to? This department contributes to constant revenue, earnings and consequently consequently a steady (stalnom) profit.
12.
Što mi učinimo prije lansiranja novog proizvoda?
13.
Što mi opetovano razmotrimo?
14.
Što je određena garancija uspješne investicije?
15. Tko je vrijedan izvor svih vrsta informacija? 16.
Što oni znaju najbolje?
17.
Što oni mogu predložiti (sugerirati)?
18.
Što ne smije povrijediti osjećaje potencijalnog kupca?
19.
Čega moramo biti svjesni?
20.
Koja su dva suprotna segmenta tržišta?
21. 22.
Što je postalo visoko cijenjeno od krajnjih korisnika? Koje su najpoznatije svjetske marke?
23.
Što znači R&D?
24.
Čemu taj odjel doprinosi?
Po završetku vježbanja prekrijte lijevu stranu (engleski tekst) i prevedite pitanja s hrvatskog na engleski
II. PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO EITHER PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST TENSE (STAVITE GLAGOLE U ZAGRADAMA U PRESENT PERFECT ili PAST TENSE): 1. We …………… …………… (to come) here to stay. – Mi smo došli ovdje da ostanemo. We have come here to stay. (pravilo II) 2. They …………… (to come) here two days ago. – Oni su došli ovdje prije dva dana. They came here two days ago. 3. This strategy …………… (to be) adopted last year. – Ova strategija je bila prihvaćena pr ihvaćena prošle godine. This strategy was adopted last year. 4. Who …………... just …………… (to arrive) at school? – Tko je upravo stigao u školu? Who has just arrived at school? (pravilo II) 5. She …………... (to make) a correct correct decision last month. – Ona je ispravno odlučila prošli mjesec. She made a correct decision last month. 6. Last year our company …………… (to invest) a lot of money. – Prošle godine naša kompanija je investirala puno novaca. Last year our company invested a lot of money. 7. Our company …………… …………… (to invest) a lot of money recently. – Naša kompanija je investirala mnogo novaca nedavno. (pravilo III) Our company has invested a lot of o f money recently. 8. My friends …………… …………… (to find out) the truth about his death – Moji prijatelji su saznali istinu o njegovoj smrti. My friends have found out the truth about his death. (ne precizira se kada se to dogodilo)
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9. …………… …………… (to launch) this product? – Kada su oni lansirali ovaj proizvod? When did they launch this product? 10. …………… they …………… (to launch) this product? – Jesu li oni lansirali ovaj proizvod? Have they launched this product?
III. PUT THE SENTENCES FROM THE PREVIOUS EXERCISE INTO THE INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS (STAVITE REČENICE IZ PRETHODNE VJEŽBE U UPITNE I NIJEČNE OBLIKE): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Have we come here to stay? – We haven’t come here to stay. Did they come here two days ago? – They didn’t come here two days ago. Was this strategy adopted last year? – This strategy wasn’t adopted last year. Who has just arrived at school? – Nobody has just arrived at school. Did she make a correct decision? – She didn’t make a correct decision. Did our company invest a lot of money? – Our company didn’t invest a lot of money. Has our company invested a lot of money recently? – Our company hasn’t invested a lot of money recently. Have my friends found out the truth about his death? – My friend’s haven’t found out the truth about his death. Did they launch this product last week? – They didn't launch this product last week. Have they launched this product? – They haven’t launched this product.
IV. TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES FROM EXERCISE II FROM CROATIAN BACK INTO ENGLISH (PREVEDITE REČENICE IZ II. VJEŽBE S HRVATSKOG NA ENGLESKI).
CD 1 – 15 PHRASES WITH THE VERB TO BE – IZRAZI S GLAGOLOM TO BE TO BE – biti Glagol TO BE se često koristi u kombinaciji s prijedlozima: to be over – zavšiti Our class was over at 3:00 o’clock. – Naš sat (nastava) je završio u 3 sata. biti kod kuće (u uredu) to be in – biti Father is not in. He is still in his office. – Otac nije kod kuće. On je još u svom uredu. to be out – biti izvan kuće (vani) Where is Mary? She is out with her boyfriend. – Gdje je Mary? Ona je vani sa svojim dečkom. to be on – Biti na programu(TV, kino) What is at the Cinestar tonight? – Što se prikazuje u Cinestaru večeras? – otići to be off – We are off. See you tomorrow. – Mi odlazimo. Vidimo se sutra.
to be up to – biti spreman (na nešto), smjerati What are they up to? – Što oni smjeraju? to be down – pokvaren, neispravan The computer system is down. – Računalni sistem se pokvario. to be after something – pokušati nešto dobiti posao. She is after your job. – Ona pokušava dobiti tvoj posao.
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CD 2 – 7 Unit 12 – Twelfth unit (12 th)
Jedinica 12 – Dvanaesta jedinica
THE STOCK EXCHANGE 1
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Profit rules all over the world. Sell, sell, sell is the must of any company, firm, corporation, holding. They sell groceries, commodities, services, all kinds of merchandise. But there is a special institution which sells all kinds of securities like shares in Britain or stocks in the USA, bonds, derivatives, futures and some other financial papers. The Stock Exchange is the heart of the economic life of any country with a free economy. It is the market-place where companies offer their shares in order to raise funds for enlarging their business, their assets and consequently to increase their profits. How is it done? Can we knock at the Stock Exchange door and purchase one hundred shares of say Nike or Coke? No, it is not that simple. In order to trade on the Stock Exchange we must have a broker. A broker is a financial expert with a license to buy and sell securities on the Stock Exchange. To obtain such a license he or she has to take some professional exams. After passing these exams a person gets a license to operate in this line of business. So, when you decide to try your luck, to invest some money in securities you look for a broker or a brokerage company that will represent you in your transactions. If you think that you know the market and that you do not need any professional piece of advice you can make your own choice. You can invest in companies that you consider profitable and wait to see whether your pick was the right one. These purchased shares give you the right to dividends if the company makes a profit at the end of a fiscal year. If the value of these shares rises you can sell them and make some money. Or, in the worst case you can lose some money if you choose a wrong company, the one which makes a loss instead of a profit. Trading at the Stock Exchange can be more secure if you invest in bonds. Bonds are securities which bring you a fixed interest at the time of maturity, that is the time when these bonds can be cashed. Bonds are more secure because the state guarantees their value and their yield. No one guarantees that you will make a profit if you deal in shares. The biggest Stock Exchanges are in the capitals of the leading world powers, Tokyo, Frankfurt, London, New York. Every day they issue indexes which indicate how a given state is running its economy. If the index is stable or rising it reflects an efficient economy, low unemployment and a bright bright future. In the opposite case the situation is bad, unemployment is rising and the future looks dismal. Bonds and shares are not the only securities traded on stock exchanges. Nowadays there are derivatives, futures and some other papers. There are some institutions which control the operations and regularity of stock exchange proceedings. Central depository agencies keep track of all transactions and the owners of stocks are recorded in their computer system.
BURZA 1
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Profit vlada svuda po svijetu. Prodati, prodati, prodati je imperativ bilo koje kompanije, tvrtke, korporacije, holdinga. Oni prodaju prehrambene artikle, robu, usluge, sve vrsti robe. Ali postoji posebna institucija koja prodaje sve vrste vrijednosnica (vrijednosnih papira) kao što su dionice u Britaniji ili akcije u SAD-u, obveznice, derivativi, buduće vrijednosti i neke druge novčane papire. Burza je srce gospodarskog života bilo koje zemljes slobodnim privređivanjem. To je tržnica gdje kompanije nude svoje dionice sa ciljem prikupljanja fondova (sredstava) za proširenje svojeg poslovanja, svoje imovine i posljedično povećanja svojih profita. Kako se to čini? Možemo li mi pokucati na vrata burze i kupiti recimo sto dionica Nike-a ili Coca Cole? No, to nije tako jednostavno. Da biste trgovali na burzi mi moramo imati brokera (posrednika). Broker je financijski stručnjak sa licencom kupnje i prodaje vrijednosnica na burzi. Za pribavljanje takve licence on ili ona treba polagati neke stručne ispite. Nakon prolaženja (što prođu) tih ispita osoba dobiva licencu za poslovanje u tom području biznisa. Tako, kada Vi odlučite iskušati Vašu sreću, investirati nešto novca u vrijednosnice Vi potražite nekog brokera ili brokersku kompaniju koja će Vas predstavljati u Vašim transakcijama. Ako Vi mislite da poznajete tržište i da Vi ne trebate neki stručni savjet Vi možete sami izabrati. Vi možete investirati u kompanije koje Vi smatrate profitabilnima i čekati da vidite da li je Vaš izbor bio ispravan. Te kupljene dionice daju Vam pravo na dividende ako kompanija ostvari profit na kraju fiskalne godine. Ako vrijednost tih dionica poraste Vi ih možete prodati i zaraditi nešto novaca. Ili u najgorem slučaju Vi možete izgubiti nešto novaca ako izaberete krivu kompaniju, onu koja napravi gubitak umjesto profita. Trgovanje na burzi može biti sigurnije ako Vi investirate u obveznice. Obveznice su vrijednosnice koje donose određenu kamatu u vrijeme dospijeća, to jest u vrijeme kada se te obveznice mogu naplatiti. Obveznice su sigurnije jer država garantira njihovu vrijednost i njihov prinos. Nitko Vam ne garantira da ćete steći profit ako poslujete dionicama. Najveće burze su u glavnim gradovima vodećih svjetskih sila, Tokia, Frankfurta, Londona, New Yorka. Svaki dan one izdaju indekse koji pokazuju kako određena država vodi svoje gospodarstvo. Ako je indeks stabilan ili raste on odražava učinkovito privređivanje, nisku nezaposlenost i sjajnu budućnost. U suprotnom slučaju situacija je loša, nezaposlenost raste i budućnost izgleda mračno. Obveznice i dionice nisu jedine vrijednosnice kojima se trguje na burzama. U današnje vrijeme postoje derivativi, buduće vrijednosti dionica i neki drugi vrijednosni vrijednosni papiri. Postoje neke institucije koje kontroliraju poslovanje i regularnost burzovnih procedura. Centralna (Središnja)
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SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission controls the regularity and prosecutes maldoings like inside information which is the most frequent breach of law. 60 Insiders are people who are well informed about potential mergers and other financial transactions. They are bound by law not to disclose these secrets and if they do, they are prosecuted.
depozitarna agencija prati sve transakcije i vlasnici dionica su upisani u njihov kompjuterski sistem. SEC – Burzovna komisija kontrolira regularnost i sudski goni prekršaje kao što je davanje unutarnjih informacija 60 koje je najčešće kršenje zakona. „Insaideri“ su osobe koje su dobro informirane o mogućim spojanima i ostalim financijskim transakcijama. Oni su vezani zakonom da ne otkr ivaju ivaju te tajne i ako to oni učine sudski su gonjeni.
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS – FRAZE I IZRAZI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
all over the world – svuda po svijetu it is the must – to je imperativ any firm – bilo koja tvrtka all kinds of merchandise – sve vrste robe securities like shares – vrijednosnice kao što su dionice securities – vrijednosni papiri derivatives – posebni oblici vrijednosnih papira futures – posebni vrijednosni papiri koji se naplaćuju naplaćuju u budućnosti 9. the heart of any – srce bilo kojeg 10. free economy – slobodno privređivanje 11. market-place – tržnica, mjesto prodaje 12. in order to – da bi 13. to raise – prikupiti, podići 14. funds – fondovi, novčana sredstva 15. for enlarging – za proširenje 16. consequently – ono što slijedi, posljedično 17. it is done – to je učinjeno 18. to knock at – pokucati na 19. let’s say – recimo 20. that simple – tako jednostavno 21. to trade – trgovati 22. to buy – kupiti 23. to purchase – nabaviti 24. to acquire – steći 25. a licence to buy – dopuštenje za kupovanje 26. to take an exam – polagati ispit 27. to pass an exam – položiti ispit 28. such a licence – takvu dozvolu 29. he has to – on treba 30. to try one’s luck – probati svoju sreću 31. to invest in – uložiti u 32. a line of business – vrsta biznisa 33. you look for – ti potražiš 34. to represent you – predstavljati Vas 35. you don’t need – Vi ne trebate 36. professional advice – stručni savjet 37. make your own choice – načiniti vlastiti izbor 38. you consider profitable – ti smatraš unosnim 39. whether – da li 40. these purchased shares – te nabavljene dionice 41. rights to dividends – prava na dividende
42. to make profit – steći profit 43. fiscal year – financijska (fiskalna) godina 44. to make money – zaraditi novac 45. in the worst case – u najgorem slučaju 46. to lose money – izgubiti novac 47. bad/worse/the worst – loš/lošiji/najlošiji 48. if you chose – ako bi ti izabrao 49. a wrong company – krivu kompaniju 50. to make a loss – steći gubitak 51. instead of – umjesto 52. trading at – trgovanje na 53. interest – kamate 54. time of maturity – vrijeme dospijeća 55. can be cashed – mogu biti naplaćene 56. yield – prinos, dobit 57. to deal in – poslovati sa (predmet poslovanja) 58. to deal with – poslovati sa (osobom, tvrtkom) 59. leading world powers – vodeće svjetske sile 60. to issue indexes – izdavati indekse 61. how to run – kako voditi 62. to reflect – odražavati 63. efficient economy – učinkovito privređivanje 64. low unemployment – niska nezaposlenost 65. bright future – sjajna budućnost 66. opposite case – suprotan slučaj 67. to look dismal – izgleda ti mračno 68. traded – s kojime se trguje 69. operations – poslovanje 70. proceedings – principi, pravila postupanja 71. Central Depositary Agency – Središnja depozitarna agencija 72. to keep track – pratiti 73. to be recorded – biti upisan 74. Securities and Exchange Commision – Burzovna komisija 75. to prosecute – sudski goniti 76. maldoings – nepravilnosti 77. inside information – povjerljiva informacija 78. breach of law – kršenje zakona 79. potential mergers – mogućim spajanjima 80. to be bound by law – zakonom su vezani 81. to disclose – objaviti, otkriti 82. they are prosecuted – sudski su gonjeni
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VOCABULARY stock (stk) – dionica, akcija to rule (ru:l) – vladati, upravljati to sell (sel) – prodati company (´k mpni) – kompanija stock (stk) – dionica (A.E) corporation (k :rp´rei n) – korporacija service (´svi:s) – usluga merchandise (´m tndaiz) – roba institution (insti´tju: n) – institucija to offer (´f :) – nuditi to raise (reiz) – prikupiti enlarging (in´la:diŋ) – proširenje consequently (k ns´kwentli) – posljedično at (æt) – na, kod hundred (´hndr d) – sto Coke (k uk) – Coca Cola to trade (treid) – trgovati share ( ε) – dionica, akcija (B.E.) bond (bnd) – obveznica futures (´fju:t z) – vrijednosni papiri koji se obračunavaju u budućnosti papers (´peip:z) – papiri economic (ik ´nmik) – gospodarski with (wi) – s, sa to issue (´isju:) – izdavati given (givn) – dana, određena rising (´raiziŋ) – u porastu unemployment (an´implimnt) – nezaposlenost dismal (´dizml) – mračan, taman to control (k ´ntr ul) – kontrolirati proceeding (pr ´si:diŋ) – procedura expert (eks´p:t) – stručnjak to obtain ( b´tein) – steći, dobiti professional (pr ´fe nl) – stručni person (´p:sn) – osoba line (lain) – crta, linija, red defined (di´faind) – određen, definiran cashed (kæ t) – naplaćene depositary (di´pzitri) – depozitarni/a track (træk) – trag, podatak commission (k ´mi n) – komisija inside (´insaid) – unutarnji, povjerljiv potential (p´ten l) – moguć secret (´sikri:t) – tajna capital (´kæpitl) – glavni grad
exchange (iks´t eind) – burza, razmjena all over (:l´uv) – svuda must (mst) – nešto što se mora ( imperativ) holding (´huldiŋ) – holding commodities (´k mditiz) – razna roba all kinds (:l´kaindz) – sve vrste there is (ε´riz) – postoji which (wit ) – koji/a/e their (ε) – njihove, svoje funds (f ndz) – fondovi, sredstva business (´biznis) – posao, biznis how (hau) – kako can I (kæn) ? – mogu li ja? door (d:) – vrata say (sei) – recimo that (æt) – tako securities (se´kju:ritiz) – vrijednosnice Britain (britn) – Britanija derivatives (de´rivtivz) – derivativi, izvedenice, posebni oblik vrijednosnih papira financial (fai´næn l) – financijski life (laif) – život free (fri:) – slobodni index (indeks) – indeks, popis to run (r n) – voditi, trčati efficient (e´fi nt) – učinkovit bright (brait) – sjajan opposite (´pzit) – suprotan nowadays (nau´deiz) – u današnje vrijeme central (´sentr l) – središnji/a license (´laisns) – licenca, dozvola such (s t) – takvu, takav exam (ig´zæm) – ispit to get (get) – dobiti to decide (di´said) – odlučiti interest (´intrest) – kamata state (steit) – država agency (´eidnsi) – agencija owner (´un) – vlasnik to prosecute (´pr sjkju:t) – sudski goniti breach (bri:t ) – kršenje bound (baund) – vezan yield (ji:ld) – dobit, prinos leading (´li:diŋ) – vodeći
profit (´pr fit) – profit world (w:ld) – svijet, svjetski any (´æni) – bilo koji/a firm (f :m) – tvrtka groceries (´gr usri:z) – svakodnevni prehrambeni artikli special (´spe l) – poseban, specijalna marketplace (ma:kit´pleis) – tržnica in order (in´:d) – sa svrhom, da bi for (f :) – za assets (´æsets) – imovina done (dn) – učinjeno to knock (nk) – pokucati to purchase (p:t s) – nabaviti, kupiti Nike (naik, naiki) – Nike simple (simpl) – jednostavno like (laik) – kao U.S.A. (ju:es´ei) – The United States of America some (sm) – neki other (´) – ostali heart (ha:t) – srce country (´k ntri) – zemlja economy (i´k nmi) – gospodarstvo to indicate (´indikeit) – označiti stable (steibl) – stabilan low (lu) – nizak future (´fjut ) – budućnost bad (bæd) – loš, zao futures (fju:t z) – buduće transakcije regularity (´regjulæriti ) – regularnost broker (´br uk ) – broker, posrednik to buy (bai) – kupiti to take (teik) – uzeti after (´a:ft:) – nakon, poslije to operate (´preit) – poslovati to bring (briŋ) – donijeti maturity (mæ´tjuriti) – dospjelost, dozrelost to keep (ki:p) – držati, voditi to record (ri´k :d) – snimiti, zabilježiti maldoing (´mælduiŋ) – prekršaj law (l:) – zakon to disclose (dis´kl u:z) – otkriti, objaviti to deal (di:l) – poslovati power (pau) – sila, snaga
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GRAMMAR - GRAMATIKA MODAL VERB CAN Već smo u prethodnoj nastavnoj jedinici objasnili što su to MODAL VERBS. Obradili smo glagol MUST i naučili da je infinitiv od MUST – TO HAVE TO. Infinitiv od glagola CAN je TO BE ABLE – biti sposoban za. Od glagola TO BE znamo napraviti sva glagolska vremena. Ponovit ćemo sva ta vremena. Modalni glagoli imaju samo SIMPLE oblik pa nam taj zadatak nije tako težak. CAN ima samo Present i Past Tense i ti oblici su kako slijedi:
POTVRDNI OBLIK I can you can he can she can it can we can you can they can
PRESENT UPITNI OBLIK can I? can you? can he? can she? can it? can we? can you? can they?
POTVRDNI OBLIK I could (kud) you could he could she could it could we could you could they could
UPITNI OBLIK could I? could you? could he? could she? could it? could we? could you? could they?
PAST
NIJEČNI OBLIK I cannot (can’t) you cannot (can’t) he cannot (can’t) she cannot (can’t) it cannot (can’t) we cannot (can’t) you cannot (can’t) they cannot (can’t) NIJEČNI OBLIK I could not (couldn’t) you could not (couldn’t) he could not (couldn’t) she could not (couldn’t) it could not (couldn’t) we could not (couldn’t) you could not (couldn’t) they could not (couldn’t)
Ostala vremena su: PRESENT PERFECT: I have been able to… – ja sam mogao PAST PERFECT: I had been able to… – ja bijah mogao ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE: I am going to be able to… – ja ću moći FUTURE: I will be able to… – ja ću moći CONDITIONAL: I would be able to… – ja bih mogao
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES – STUPNJEVANJE PRIDJEVA Osnovno pravilo za komparaciju (stupnjevanje) pridjeva je pravilo koje kaže:
KOMPARATIV (COMPARATIVE) (COMPARATIVE) pridjeva se tvori tako da se jednosložnom pridjevu dodaje nastavak - ER. Primjeri: strong – stronger (jak – jači) tall – taller (visok – viši) weak – weaker (slab – slabiji) Višesložni pridjevi tvore komparativ koristeći MORE (više) ispred pridjeva. Primjeri: beautiful – more beautiful (lijep – ljepši) expensive – more expensive (skup – skuplji) important – more important (važan – važniji) Iza kompar ativa ativa dolazi riječ THAN (æn) – nego, od. SUPERLATIV (SUPERLATIVE) (SUPERLATIVE) pridjeva se tvori tako da se jednosložnom pridjevu dodaje nastavak –EST a ispred pridjeva se stavlja određeni član. Primjeri: strong – the strongest (jak – najjači) tall – the tallest (visok – najviši) weak – the weakest (slab – najslabiji) Višesložni pridjevi tvore superlativ koristeći MOST (najviše) ispred pridjeva uz određeni član. Primjeri: beautiful – the most beautiful (lijep – najljepši) expensive – the most expensive (skup – najskuplji) important – the most important (važan – najvažniji)
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Pored gore navedenih pravila moramo vas upoznati s određenim brojem pridjeva koji imaju nepravilnu komparaciju. Ti pridjevi su sljedeći: POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE good (gud) – dobar the best (best) – najbolji better (´bet) – bolji bad (bæd) – loš worse (w:s) – lošiji the worst (w:st) – najlošiji little (litl) – malen less (les) – manji the least (li:st) – najmanji many (´mæni) – mnogo more (m:) – više the most (must) – najviše much (m t) – mnogo more (m:) – više the most (must) – najviše late (leit) – kasan the latest (´leitist) – najkasniji, najnoviji later (´leit) – kasniji late (leit) – kasan the last (la:st) – posljednji latter (´læt) – drugi od dva /suprotni izraz je former (´f :m) – prvi od dvojice far (fa:) – dalek farther (fa:) – dalji the farthest (fa:ist) – najdalji further (f :) – dalji the furthest (f :ist) – najdalji
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS – STUPNJEVANJE PRILOGA I prilozi se mogu s tupnjevati. Prilozi su riječi koje se dodaju glagolima da odrede kako i kada se vrši radnja. Primjeri: On čita brzo. – He reads fast. Ona čisti dobro. – She cleans well. Razlika u komparaciji pridjeva i priloga je u tome što prilozi u superlativu nemaju određen član – THE. Primjeri: He reads well. – On čita dobro. She reads better. – Ona čita bolje. We read best. – Mi čitamo najbolje.
CD 2 – 8 EXERCISES - VJEŽBE I. ASK AND ANSWER 1.
What rules all over the world? 1. Što vlada svuda po svijetu? Profit rules all over the world. 2. What is the must of any company? 2. Što je imperativ bilo koje kompanije? To sell is the must of any company. 3. Name what they sell? 3. Imenuj ono što oni prodaju? They sell groceries, commodities, services, all kinds of merchandise. 4. What do you call the institution which sells shares and bonds? 4. Kako se naziva institucija koja prodaje dionice i obveznice? The Stock Exchange is the institution which sells shares and bonds. 5. Why do companies offer their shares? 5. Zašto kompanije nude svoje obveznice? Companies offer their shares in order to raise funds for enlarging their business. 6. Can we simply simply knock at the door of a Stock Exchange to to buy shares or 6. Možemo li mi jednostavno pokucati na vrata bonds? burze i kupiti dionice ili obveznice? No, we cannot knock at the door of any such institution to buy shares or bonds. 7. What can we do though? 7. Što ipak možemo učiniti? We can get a broker and do business under his guidance. 8. How can one become a broker? 8. Kako se postaje broker? In order to become a broker you have to pass several exams. 9. What does a license entitle him or her to do? 9. Što licenca omogućava njemu ili njoj? A license entitles him or her to buy and sell securities. 10. In what case can you make your own choice choice what securities you can 10. U kojem slučaju Vi možete sami izabrati koje buy? vrijednosnice Vi možete kupiti? In case that you think you know the market well, you can make your own choice what to buy.
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11. What rights do these these purchased purchased shares give to to you? you? These purchased shares give to you the rights to dividends if the company makes a profit at the end of a fiscal year. 12. When can you make some extra profit? You can make some extra profit if you sell the shares of these companies whose value is rising. 13. What can happen if you you choose choose a wrong wrong company? company? If you choose a wrong company you can lose your money. 14. When can trading be more secure? Trading can be more secure if you invest in bonds. 15. What kind of securities are bonds? Bonds are securities which bring you the fixed interest at the time of maturity. 16. What does this term ˝maturity˝ mean? Maturity is the period of time defined in advance when the bonds can be cashed. 17. Who guarantees the value and the yield yield of bonds? The state guarantees the value and the yield of bonds. 18. Where are the biggest Stock Exchanges? The biggest Stock Exchanges are in Tokyo, Frankfurt, London, New York, the capitals of the leading world economic powers. 19. What do these Stock Exchanges issue every day? They issue indexes which indicate how these countries are running their economies. 20. What does a rising or or a stable index indicate? A rising or a stable index indicates efficient economy. 21. What about an opposite case? An opposite case indicates high unemployment and a bad situation and a dismal future. 22. Are there any other securities? Yes, nowadays there are some other securities like derivatives and futures. 23. Who controls the operations and regularity of Stock Exchange Exchange proceedings? SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission controls the operations and regularity of financial proceedings. 24. What do you call the body which keeps the track of all the transactions? transactions? CDA – Central Depositary Agency keeps track and registers all the transactions. 25. Is inside trading allowed in this activity? No, inside trading is not allowed in this activity and any breach of law is prosecuted.
11.
Koja prava Vam daju te kupljene dionice?
12.
Kada se može ostvariti nešto dodatnog prihoda?
13. 14.
Što se može dogoditi ako ako izabereš izabereš krivu kompaniju? Kada trgovanje može biti sigurnije?
15.
Koja vrsta vrijednosnica su obveznice?
16.
Što znači taj termin “dospijeće”?
17.
Tko garantira vrijednost i prinos obveznica?
18.
Gdje su najveće burze?
19.
Što te burze izdaju svaki dan?
20.
Što rastući ili stabilni indeks označava?
21.
A što je sa suprotnim slučajem?
22.
Ima li nekih drugih vrijednosnica?
23.
Tko kontrolira poslovanje poslovanje i regularnost postupaka na burzi?
24.
Kako se zove tijelo koje registrira (prati) sve transakcije?
25.
Da li je trgovanje uz poznavanje unutarnje situacije dovoljno u toj aktivnosti?
II. PUT THE FOLLOWING PHRASES INTO PRESENT PERFECT, PAST, PAST PERFECT, ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE, FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TRANSLATION 1. We can speak English. PRESENT PERFECT – Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski. 1. We have been able to speak English. PAST – Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski. 2. We could speak English. PAST PERFECT – Mi smo mogli govoriti engleski. 3. We had been able to speak English. ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE 4. We are going to be able to speak English. – Mi ćemo moći govoriti engleski. FUTURE – Mi ćemo moći govoriti engleski. 5. We will be able to speak English. CONDITIONAL – Mi bismo mogli govoriti engleski. 6. We would be able to speak English. 2. She can help me. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PAST PERFECT ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE FUTURE CONDITIONAL
1. She has been able to help me. 2. She could help me. 3. She had been able to help me. 4. She is going to be able to help me. 5. She will be able to help me. 6. She would be able to help me.
– Ona je mogla pomoći meni. – Ona mi je mogla pomoći. – Ona mi je mogla pomoći. – Ona će moći pomoći meni. – Ona će moći pomoći meni. – Ona bi mogla pomoći meni.
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3. They cannot fight any more. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PAST PERFECT ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE FUTURE CONDITIONAL
4. You can pay in cash. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PAST PERFECT ˝GOING TO˝ FUTURE FUTURE CONDITIONAL
1. They haven’t been able to fight any more. 2. They could not fight anymore. 3. They had not been able to fight any more. 4. They are not going going to be able to fight any more. 5. They will not be able to fight any more. 6. They would not be able to fight any more. 1. You have been able to pay in cash. 2. You could pay in cash. 3. You had been able to pay in cash. 4. You are going to be able to pay in cash. 5. You will be able to pay in cash. 6. You would be able to pay in cash.
– Oni se ne mogu više boriti. – Oni se nisu mogli više boriti. – Oni se nisu mogli više boriti. – Oni se nisu mogli više boriti. – Oni se neće moći više boriti. – Oni se neće moći više boriti. – Oni se ne bi mogli više boriti. – Ti možeš platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti si mogao platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti si mogao platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti si bio mogao platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti ćeš moći platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti ćeš moći platiti u gotovom novcu. – Ti bi mogao platiti u gotovom novcu.
III. TURN THE ABOVE SENTENCES INTO THE INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS (Prebaci gornje rečenice u upitni i niječni oblik): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Have we been able to speak English? – We haven’t been able to speak English. Could we speak English? – We could not speak English. Had we been able to speak English? – We had not been able to speak English. Are we going to be able to speak English? – We are not going be able to speak English. Will we be able to speak English? – We will not be able to speak English. Would we be able to speak English? – We would not be able to speak English.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Has she been able to help me? – She hasn’t been able to help me. Could she help me? – She could not help me. Had she been able to help me? – She had not been able to help me. Is she going to be able to help me? – She is not going to be able to help me. Will she be able to help me? – She will not be able to help me. Would she be able to help me? – She would not be able to help me.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Have they been able to fight any more? – They haven’t been able to fight f ight any more. Could they fight any more? – They could not fight any more. Had they been able to fight any more? – They had not been able to fight any more. Are they going to be able to fight any more? They are not going to be able to fight any more. Will they be able to fight any more? – They will not be able to fight any more. Would they be able to fight any more? – They would not be able to fight any more.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Have you been able to pay in cash? – You haven’t been able to pay in cash. Could you pay in cash? – You could not pay in cash. Had you been able to pay in cash? – You had not been able to pay in cash. Are you going to be able to pay in cash? – You are not going to be able to pay in cash. Will you be able to pay in cash? – You will not no t be able to pay in cash. Would you be able to pay in cash? – You would not be able to pay in cash.
IV. PUT IN THE COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE AS REQUIRED: 1. John is ……………………. (hard-working) than Peter. (more hard-working) (John je marljiviji od Petra.) 2. George is ……………………. (good) of all the students. (the best) (George je najbolji od svih studenata.) 3. Which of these pictures is ……………………. (beautiful)? (the most beautiful ) (Koja od ovih slika je najljepša?)
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4. This is ……………………. (exciting) film I have ever seen. (the most exciting ) Ovo je najuzbudljiviji film koji sam ikada vidio. 5. The Himalayas are ……………………. (high) than the Alps. (higher) (Himalaje su više od Alpa.) 6. He has bought ……………………. (expensive) gifts he has ever had. (the most expensive ) (On je kupio najskuplje poklone koje je ikada imao.) 7. Are you ……………………. (happy) now than you you were ……………………. (late) year? year? (happier) (last) (Jesi li ti sretniji sada nego što si bio prošle godine?) 8. We can walk ……………………. (far) than you. (farther ) (Mi možemo hodati dalje od vas.) 9. What is ……………………. (last) fashion in Paris? (the latest) (Koja je najnovija moda u Parizu?) 10. We came from London ……………………. ……………………. (late) month. (last) (Došli smo iz Londona prošli mjesec.) 11. Peter and Paul Paul are good students. The former studies medicine and the ……………………. (late) law. (the latter) (Peter i Paul su dobri studenti. Prvi studira medicinu a drugi pravo.) 12. What was the title of his ……………………. (late) (late) book? He died ……………………. (late) month. (last) (last) (Što je bio naslov njegove posljednje knjige? On je umro prošli mjesec.) 13. I am so tired. I can’t keep my eyes eyes open any ……………………. ……………………. (long). (longer) (Ja sam tako umoran. N e mogu držati moje oči otvorene išta duže.) 14. This was the ……………………. (high) point we reached reached when we were climbing in the Alps. Alps. (highest) (To je bila najviša točka koju smo dosegnuli kada smo se penjali u Alpama.) 15. Today he was ……………………. (bad) than yesterday. (worse) Danas je bio lošije od jučer.) 16. This is ……………………. (precious) (precious) ring I have ever had. (the most precious) (Ovo je najdragocjeniji prsten koji sam ikada imao.) 17. This bike is ……………………. (expensive) (expensive) than mine. mine. (more expensive) (Ovaj bicikl je skuplji od mojeg.) 18. This is ……………………. ……………………. (far) part of our country. (the fartherst) (Ovo je najudaljeniji dio naše zemlje.)
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CD 2 – 9 PHRASES WITH THE VERB TO SEE – IZRAZI S GLAGOLOM TO SEE TO SEE (si:) – vidjeti, shvatiti I see what you mean. – Shvaćam što ti time misliš. Come to see us this summer. – Dođite nas posjetiti ovo ljeto. They took us to the airport to see us off. – Odveli su nas na aerodrome da nas otprate. I will see you to your y our seats. – Otpr atit atit ću vas do vaših mjesta. Who is the person she is seeing? – Tko je osoba s kojom se ona viđa? We will have to see over the whole office. – Morat ćemo pregledati cijeli ured. See you later/around! – Vidimo se kasnije/ovdje! Be seeing you! – Vidimo se, d oviđenja! To see is to believe. – Vidjeti je vjerovati. I wonder what she sees in this footballer. – Pitam se što ona vidi u tom nogometašu. Let me see! – Da razmislim! This movie is not worth seeing. – Ovaj film nije vrijedan gledanja.
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