Pharmacognosy and Plant Chemistry

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PLANT CHEMISTRY 1. A glucosan yield unis on !yd"olysis. #!ile inulin is a $$$$$$  A. Fructosan %. He&osan C. Penosan D. Diosan E. All o' !ese  Inulin is a D-fructofuranose polymer whose residues are linked by β-2,1 bonds 

(. T!e usual sou"ce o' annins '"o) *lans is '"o) !e+ A. arks!"tems %. Seeds C. Roos D. R!i,o)es E. All o' !ese  #annins are usually locali$ed in speci%c plant parts such as lea&es, fruits, barks and stems.

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-. E!a E!ano noll and and ci" ci"ic ic acid acid a"e a"e *"od *"oduc uced ed y !e !e cell cellul ula" a" "es*i es*i"a "ai ion on o'  ca"o!yd"aes/ es*ecially A. 'lucose %. Suc"ose C. 0"ucose D. Ca!a"ic E. Lacose   'lucoes is the ma(or fuel in )lycolysis, *reb+s cycle and other important biochemical pathways. 

. %ecau %ecause se )ann )annio ioll is aso" aso"o oed ed '"o) '"o) !e GIT and and *a"e *a"ene ne"al "ally ly is no no )eaoli,ed/ !en i is used as+ A. Digesan . smotic Diuretic C. Acidulan D. Ca!a"ic E. La&ai2e  Aside from these properties, mannitol is also eliminated readily by )romerular %ltration. #hese ha&e led to the use of mannitol as a dia)nostic aid and as an osmotic diuretic. 

3. T!is gu) !as *seudo4*lasic *"o*e"y o enale oin)ens o !old !ei" s!a*e and s*"ead s *"ead "eadily. "eadily. A. 5a"aya . anthan C. Gua" D. Locus %ean E. Indian Gu)

6. T!e 'ollo7ing a"e gene"al se*s in !e *"e*a"aion o' !e c"ude d"ug 'o" co))e"cial )a"8e/ e&ce*+ A. Ha"2esing %. Ga"ling C. So"age and D"ying D. one of the abo&e #he )eneral steps in the preparation of crude dru)s include/ collection, har&estin), dryin), )arblin), packa)in), stora)e and preser&ation. 

9. T!e usual sou"ce o' :&ed oils+ A. 0lo7e" . "eeds C. Lea2es D. Se)s E. Roos;R!i,o)es <. T!is is used as an anidoe 'o" al8aloidal *oisoning+ A. Lacic Acid . #annic Acid C. Ta"a"ic Acid D. Pic"ic Acid E. Gallic Acid  #annic Acid is an astrin)ent and an alkaloidal precipitant 

=. T!e )os i)*o"an o' !e o*iu) al8aloids is+ A. He"oin %. Codeine 0. orphine D. Na"coine E. Pa*a2e"ine 1>. T!e "ed4colo"ed *"oduc 'o")ed 7!en annins a"e "eaed 7i! !yd"olyic agens is 8no7n as+ A. A)olonin %. Diosgenin 0. hlobaphenes D. Caec!in E. Leucocyanidin  3hen non-hydroly$able or condensed 

11. T!e )os 7idely used al8aloid is+ A. He"oin . 0odeine C. Mo"*!ine D. Na"coine E. Pa*a2e"ine

1(. Tannins !a2e !e ailiy o *"eci*iae $$$$$$$ 7!ic! is uili,ed in 2egeale anning 7!ic! con2e"s ani)al !ides o lea!e". A. 0as %. Ca"o!yd"aes C. Al8aloids D. roteins E. Glycosides  #annins precipitate proteins from solutions and can combine with proteins, renderin) them resistant to proteolytic en$ymes. 

1-. A)ong !e an!"a?uinone glycosides/ !is is no e)*loyed as ca!a"ic ecause i is oo i""iaing o use+ A. Aloe %. 0"angula C. R!uu" D. Senna 4. 0hrysarobin  #annins precipitate proteins from solutions and can combine with proteins, renderin) them resistant to proteolytic en$yme. 

1-. A)ong !e an!"a?uinone glycosides/ !is is no e)*loyed as ca!a"ic ecause i is oo i""iaing o use+ A. Aloe %. 0"angula C. R!ua" D. Senna 4. 0hrysarobin  0hrysarobin is used as keratolytic a)ent and in the treatment of  psoriasis, trichophytosis, and chronic ec$ema. 

1. E!iodi,ed oil is an iodine addiion *"oduc o' e!yl ese" o' !e 'ay acid o'+ A. Co"n %. Peanu C. Al)ond D. Soyean 4. oppy "eed 13. T!e al8aloid *"esen in Rau7ol:a is+ A. E)eine . 5eserpine C. P!ysosig)ine D. Mo"*!ine E. Sco*ola)ine 5auwol%a is the dried root of Rauvolfa serpentina 67inne8 entham e9 *ur$ 6Fam. Apocynaceae8 

16. T!e al8aloid 'o")ed y !e aceylaion o' )o"*!ine is+ A. :eroin %. Codeine C. Mo"*!ine D. Cocaine E. Pa*a2e"ine  :eroin is diacetylmorphine 

19. One o' !e 'ollo7ing does no elong o !e g"ou*@ !e 2olaile oils *"esen in ic8Bs 2a*o"u+ A. Men!ol %. Ca)*!o" C. T!y)ol D. 4u)enol E. Cineole enthol, camphor, thymol, and cineole or eucalyptol are all contained in the non-prescription product, ;ick+s &aporub. 4u)enol is a dental anal)esic. 

1<. T!is al8aloid is e)*loyed in o*!!al)ology o "ea glauco)a+ A. 4serine %. Rese"*ine C. E)eine D. Mo"*!ine E. S"yc!nine  hysosti)mine or serine is a re&ersible inhibitor of cholinesterases . In the eye, this action leads to miosis, contraction of cilillary muscle and a decrease in intraocular pressure. It is therefore used to treat )laucoma. 

1=. One o' !e 'ollo7ing is no a )edicinal alsa)+ A. So"a& %. %en,oin C. Sy"a& D. Tolu 4. ethyl "alicilate  "tora9, en$oin, Aloe, "tyra9 6)reek name for stora98, and #olu are used in the preparation of 0ompound en$oin #incture. 

(>. I' Indian He)* is cannais/@ !en lac8 Indian !e)* is+ A. Con2alla"ia %. Podo*!yllu) C. %en,oin D. Apocynum E. Red S?uill  Apocynum is also black Indian hemp, do)bane , or 0anadian hemp. 5ef. 

(1. T!e al8aloid in !e 'o") o' sy"u* is used in !e "ea)en o' d"ug o2e"dose in ce"ain *oisonings A. Hyd"aes . Ipecac C. uinine D. E"goa)ine E. Mo"*!ine ((. T!e *"oduc 'o")ed y !e acion o' ni"ic acid on "eci:ed u"*enine oil in !e *"esen o' alco!ol is+ A. Cineole %. Eugenol 0. #erpinol D. %o"noel E. Linalool  #erpinol is also known as terpin hydrate. 

(-. T!e *"inci*al cinc!ona al8aloid e)*loyed !e"a*euically as ani4*"oo,al d"ug A.
(. T!e )ain !e"a*euic use o' )e!o&salen/ a lacone glycoside+ A. Ani4coagulan %. A*!"odisiac C. An!el)inic D. 5epi)mentation etho9salen is a psoralen used to facilitate repi)mentation in idiopathic &itili)o and psoriasis. 

(3. Sodiu) )o""!uae is !e sodiu) sal o' !e 'ay acid o'+ A. S!a"8 %. #!ale C. Co7 D. Pig 4. 0od  0od li&er oil iss from the fresh li&er of Gadus morrhua 7inne 6Fam. 'adidae8 

(6. Pa"ego"ic is also 8no7n as+ A. o*iu) incu"e %. do2e"Bs *o7de" 0. camphorated opium tincture

D. Laudanu) E. None o' !ese  are)oric is classed as antiperistallic.

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(9. Men!ol is !e aci2e consiuen *"esen in+ A. Cinna)on %. Co"iande" 0. eppermint D. Ci"onella E. S*ea")in   enthol is usually prepared from =apanese peppermint 6 Mentha arvenis Linne8. 

(<. Le)on oil !a !as a $$$ odo" )us no e used o" dis*ensed+ A. Rancid %. Resini:ed C. Calci:ed D. #erebinthinate E. 0oul   7emon oil that has a terebinthinate odor indicates decomposed terpenes or added turpentine oil. 

(=. T!ese a"e li*ids )eaolies 'o")ed in !e ody o' ani)als'"o) unsau"aed 'ay acids o' !e die+ A. Ca"naua %. %aye""y C. Co*aia %alsa) D. rosta)landin E. Lanolin ->. Me"cu"ic Iodide/ Poassiu) Iodide and 7ae" a"e !e co)*osiion o'+ A. ayer+s 5ea)ent %. D"agendo"Bs Reagen C. #agne"Bs Reagen D. All o' !ese E. Non o' !ese -1. Classi:ed as an alco!ol glycoside+ A. "alicin %. Genisin C. Can!a"idin D. Enadin -(. T!ese a"e !e anigenic susances ca*ale o' sensii,ing !e ody in suc! a 7ay !a unusual "es*onses occu" in !y*e"ensi2e indi2iduals+ A. Aniodies . Aller)ens C. Alle"gy

D. All o' !ese E. None o' !ese --. T!is es is use o dee")ine !e *"esence o' *"oein and in2ol2e !e "eacion o' !e en,ene nucleus in !e *"oein )olecules yielding a dee* yello7 ** as a *osii2e "esul. A. %iu"e Tes %. Nin!yd"in Tes 0. anthroproteic #est D. MillonBs Tes E. None o' !ese anthroproteic #est for tyrosine and phenylaniline in&ol&es the reaction of the ben$ene nucleus of thiese aromatic amino acids. 

-. T!is is a solid 2egeale oil A. Coconu Oil %. Peanu Oil 0. #heobroma D. Cod Li2e" Oil E. Al)ond Oil  #heobroma oil or cocoa butter is the fat obtained from the roasted seeds of Theobroma cacao. 

-3. T!e colo"ing )ae" in *lans A. 0la2ones %. An!"a?uinones C. A*igenin D. lant i)ments E. None o' !ese  49amples of plant pi)ments are/ chlorophylls 6)reen8> carotenoid, ?a&ones, and anthones 6yellow8> anthocyanin 6red8> anthocyan deri&ati&es 6blue8> and fuco9anthin 6brown8. 

-6. I is a li?uid ani)al 'a A. Coconu Oil %. Peanu Oil C. T!eo"o)a D. 0od 7i&er il E. Al)ond Oil  0od li&er oil is from the fresh li&er of Gadus morrhua 7inne 

-9. %lue4lac8 colo" )ay indicae !e *"esence o' A. Condensed annins . :ydrolysable tannins C. Sa*onin D. All o' !ese E. None o' !ese

-<. T!e *a!ologic *"oduc o' s*e") 7!ale is A. Co*aia . Amber)ris C. %aye""y D. Ca"naua E. Teae""y  Amber)ris is an e9ample of a base used in perfumery. 

-=. T!e e"*enes 'ound in 2olaile oils/ as 7ell as o!e" *lan *"oducs/ li8e se"oids/ ca"oenoids/ a)y"ins and "ue" a"e colleci2ely 8no7n as+ A. Isoprenoids %. no&ygenaed Te"*enes C. Ses?uie"*ene D. All o' !ese E. None o' !ese >. T!is "e'e"s o !e e2aluaion y )eans o' !e o"gans o' sense includes )ac"osco*ic a**ea"ance o' d"ugs A. Mic"osco*ic . r)anoleptic C. Mac"osco*ic D. All o' !ese E. None o' !ese 1. T!e *"ocess o' "e)o2ing suFcien )oisu"e o ensu"e good 8ee*ing ?ualiies+ A. Ha"2esing . Dryin) C. Collecion D. Ga"ling E. None o' !ese Dryin) is also done to pre&ent moldin) the action of en$ymes, the action of bacteria and other chemical chan)es. 

(. Sou"ce o' a"uin/ a *!enol conaining glycoside+ A. %uc87!ea %. C!ec8e"e""y 0. ear erry D. D"agon'"ui  Arbutin is found in u&a-ursi or bearberry, which is the dried leaf of   Arctostophylos uva-ursi 67inne8 "pren)el. 

-. T!e )os 7idely occu""ing se"ol A. Siose"ol . 0holesterol C. E"gose"ol D. All o' !ese

E. None o' !ese . T!e *"inci*al se"ol in 'ungi A. C!olese"ol . 4r)osterol C. %4siose"ol D. All o' !ese E. None o' !ese 3. In !e eneu"age )e!od/ !e 'ay *"oduc i)*"egnaed 7i! !e o"al odo" is called+ A. Asolues %. Te"*enes C. Conc"ees D. ormade 6. Li)onene !as !e con:gu"aion+ A. three double bonds and no cycle %. 7o doule onds and one cycle C. one doule ond and 7o cycles D. !"ee cycles 9. Asca"idol/ a 2olaile oil consiuen oained '"o) !e c!eno*odiu) oil is a;an+ A. 9ide %. 0u"an De"i2ai2e C. Alco!ol D. P!enol <. In gene"al/ al8aloids )ay e ideni:ed y+ A. S*eci:c Roaion %. Soluiliy in a"ious Sol2ens C. Colo" "eacion 7i! s*eci:ed "eagens D. All of the abo&e =. T!is does no *osses na"coic *"o*e"ies and is !e"e'o"e so)ei)es called ana"coine A. oscapine %. Hyd"ocodone C. Pa*a2e"ine HCl D. Hyd"o)o"*!one E. None o' !ese 3>. I is a ue"ine si)ulaing '"acion and i is "elai2ely '"ee '"o) acion on o!e" s)oo! )uscle A. Iio"i& . 9ytocin

C. Sodiu) De&"o!y"o&ine D. aso*"essin E. None o' !ese  9ytocin or @  hypophamine

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31. T!is "egulaes !e !"es!old 'o" "eso"*ion o' 7ae" y !e e*i!eliu) o'  !e "enal uules A. Lio"i& %. O&yocin C. Sodiu) De&"o!y"o&ine D. ;asopressin E. None o' !ese 3(. T!ese a"e "esinous )i&u"es !a conain cinna)ic acid/ en,oic acid/ o" o! o" ese"s o' !ese acids+ A. alsams %. Resins C. None o' !ese D. Rosins E. Resenes 3-. A )i&u"e o' *"oein4digesing and )il8 cloing en,y)es oained '"o) !e uice o' *inea**le *lan A. C!y)o"y*sin . romeilain C. Lacase D. Suilains E. None o' !ese 3. T!e lue colo" o' !e oil o' c!a)o)ile/ an in!e"en *"o*e"y o' !e oil 7!en '"es!ly disilled/ is due o+ A. C!a)a,ulene %. C13H1< 0. A and  D. None o' !e ao2e 33. T!e 'ollo7ing e)*loys e&*"essions as a )e!od o' 2olaile oil e&"acion e&ce*+ A. S*onge P"ocess %. Ecuelle Me!od C. Mac!ine *"ocess D. 4n?eura)e 36. In *e"colaion/ 7i! 2olaile sol2ens as a )e!od o' 2olaile oil e&"acion/ !e 2olaile sol2en is "e)o2ed y 2acuu) disillaion and !e "esuling *"oduc is 8no7n as+ A. Asolues

%. Te"*enes 0. 0oncretes D. Po)ade