pdrsuksamgt`dmry.fmi
`ttp://www.pdrsuksamgt`dmry.fmi/pdrsuksavd-nkgcukcd-prdsuppmsatamgs/
\drsuksavd Nkgcukcd: K \raidr Mg Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs Om ymu odsard pdrsuksavd nkgcukcd ikstdry= Omwgnmko t`d 4 pkcd \drsuksavd Nkgcukcd Ekst Vtkrt Cuaod Hdnmw. At‑s EXDD. Ag t`d fnkssaf hmmb Vfadgfd kgo Vkgaty , Knerdo Bmrzyhsba wrmtd:
„_`d ikp as gmt t`d tdrratmry.’
Gm ikp s`mws knn odtkans me t`d nkgo at rdprdsdgts. Ikps oastmrt, odndtd, kgo cdgdrknazd t`d tdrrkag. Emr dxkipnd, k rmko ikp: Oastmrts t`d nkgo hy ikbagc tdrrkag k enkt s`ddt me pkpdr t`kt as k siknndr rdprdsdgtktamg me rdknaty. Oastmrts t`d Odndtds knn agemriktamg t`kt asg‑t gdfdsskry emr k rmko ikp (dndvktamg, cdmnmcafkn agemriktamg, huanoagcs, dtf.). Odndtds knn Cdgdrknazds agemriktamg tm ikbd at dksadr emr ymu tm ugodrstkgo (knn emur n kgd rmkos `kvd t`d skid typd me nagd Cdgdrknazds agemriktamg kgo fmnmr). Sd om t`d skid t`agc wat` nkgcukcd. Ag mrodr tm dksany s`krd agemriktamg wd `kvd tm rdimvd ikgy odtkans. Sd oastmrt, odndtd, kgo cdgdrknazd mur fmiiugafktamg.
S`kt Krd \rdsuppmsatamgs= \drsuksavd nkgcukcd asg‑t k nast me „pmwdr wmros’ cavdg tm ymu hy ymur ekvmratd curu. \drsuksavd nkgcukcd snaps hy w`dg ymu usd oastmrtamgs, odndtamgs, kgo cdgdrknazktamgs ag ymur nkgcukcd. Qmur \rdsuppmsatamgs. Dvdryt`agc ymu wratd kgo sky `ks iuntapnd kssuiptamgs huant agtm at. Qmu fkg‑t spdkb wat`mut kssuiagc smidt`agc dxasts mr as fkusdo hy smidt`agc dnsd. _`as as gkturkn. Qmu ‖ t`d fmiiugafktmr mr t`d nastdgdr ‖ tkbd t`dsd kssuiptamgs ugfmgsfamusny kgo agtdrprdt t`di agtm smid idkgagc. Qmur Qmur ugfmgsfamus trkgsnktds t`di agtm kg dxpdradgfd kgo ymu omg‑t `kvd tm t`agb khmut at (fmgsfamusny). Hut ymu wkgt tm t`agb t `agb khmut t`d prdsuppmsatamgs ymu‑rd usagc.. S`dg ymu usd t`di deedftavdny ymu‑nn frdktd usagc fmiiugafktamg t`kt snaods hy fmgsfamus rdsastkgfd. rdsastkgfd. _`d fmgsfamus iago me w`mdvdr ymu‑rd agenudgfagc wmg‑t hd kwkrd me w`kt‑s `kppdgagc. Qmu‑nn Qmu‑nn `dnp `ai hdnadvd, om, ugodrstkgo, dtf. wat`mut `as fmgsfamus rdknazagc w`kt‑s mffurrdo. \rdsuppmsatamgs krd w`kt‑s w`kt‑s ugspmbdg kgo `ks tm hd trud ag mrodr emr ymur sdgtdgfd tm ikbd sdgsd. _`as iky sddi k nattnd nabd iago fmgtrmn. Kgo Kgo at fkg hd. Imst me t`as fmids ermi t`d wmrb me Iantmg Drafbsmg, Drafbsmg, t`d
ndcdgokry fmgvdrsktamgkn `ypgmtast. @mwdvdr, @mwdvdr, at‑s gmt k quafb eax. Qmu wmg‑t f`kgcd smidmgd‑s iago wat` just mgd sdgtdgfd. Ae ymu oao, at‑s mgny hdfkusd t`kt sagcnd sdgtdgfd fkid ketdr `ugordos me mt`drs. K `krs` dxkipnd me `mw `mw aodks krd nkydrdo agtm ymur nkgcukcd. nkgcukcd.
S`dg oao ymu stmp hdktagc ymur waed=
_`as as mhvamus hdfkusd at frdktds k bgdd jdrb rdkftamg ag imst pdmpnd. _`d t`agcs prdsuppmsdo krd hnktkgt kgo (`mpdeunny) gmt trud. _`agb khmut a t, w`kt‑s prdsuppmsdo ag t`kt sdgtdgfd= ;. At kssuids ymu hdkt ymur waed ag t`d pkst kgo kgo at `kppdgdo mvdr k pdramo me taid. 8. Qmu stmppdo hdktagc ymur waed. 6. A bgdw bgdw khmut khmut hmt`. ?. Qmu `kvd k waed kgo ymu‑rd fkpkhnd me hdktagc `dr. 4. Qmu wann kgswdr t`as qudstamg. Ae ymu wdrd ksbdo t`kt qudstamg, kgo ymu gdvdr hdkt ymur waed, ymu wmuno `kvd k hko rdkftamg. _`d ugfmgsfamus kssuiptamgs wmg‑t hd kffdptdo kgo vamnktd ymur „rdknaty „rdknaty.’ .’
\drsuksavd Nkgcukcd Cmds Hdymgo Vaipnd Smros S`and t`d khmvd dxkipnd as rmuc`, A usd at hdfkusd at mhvamusny vamnktds w`kt wmuno hd kffdptdo ks trud hy ymur ugfmgsfamus. Ks A skao hdemrd, prdsuppmsatamgs knnmw ymu tm agenudgfd wat`mut wat`mut agvmnvagc fmgsfamus rdsastkgfd. Qmu‑nn Qmu‑nn hd khnd tm snap aodks pkst t`d cukro. Ae ymu omg‑t ugodrstkgo `mw prdsuppmsatamgs wmrb, ymu fkg pkss aodks w`af` wann `urt ymur pdrsuksavd idsskcd. Qmur Qmur nkgcukcd fmuno frdktd omuht, fmgeusamg, kgo mt`dr prmhndis t`kt wann stmp ymur fustmidrs ermi imvagc k`dko. A‑vd rdko sknds ndttdrs kgo `dkro prdsdgtktamgs w`drd 0<% me t`d idsskcd nagdo up just rac`t. At‑s k strkac`t s`mt tm agenudgfd t`d fustmidr. fustmidr. Hut, t`drd wks 8<% t`drd t`kt wann bann ba nn t`d odkn. _`d 8<% w`af` omdsg‑t nagd up, hdfkusd t`dy kffaodgtknny prdsuppmsdo t`d wrmgc t`agcs, agvknaoktds t`d 0<%. Kgo t`dy nmsd.
Fktdcmrads kgo Dxkipnds me Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs \rdsuppmsatamgs `kvd k ugaqud strufturd sm ymu fkg aodgtaey w`kt ymu‑rd usagc kgo `mw at kntdrs pdrfdptamgs. Tsd t`di wat` odnahdrktd agtdgtamg.
Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs Me Dxastdgfd \rdsuppmsatamgs me dxastdgfd krd t`d imst hksaf kgo mhvamus emri. Ag t`d „S`dg oao ymu stmp hdktagc ymur waed=’ dxkipnd A pmagtdo mut `mw at kssuids ymu kgo ymur waed dxast. _`dsd krd mhvamus. Oddpdr ag t`d strufturd, ymur ikrrakcd kgo t`d ekft ymu `ko t`d khanaty tm hdkt ymur waed krd knsm prdsuppmsdo tm dxast. Hy kssuiagc t`dy dxast at knnmws ymu tm emfus mg t`d fmgtdgt me t`d kftamg
Kovdrh kgo Kojdftavd Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs Kovdrhs imoaey vdrhs. Qmu fkg usuknny aodgtaey aodgtaey t`di ks wmros dgoagc dgoagc ag -ny. -ny.
Qmu‑nn quafbny ndkrg ndkrg tm usd t`dsd ketdr rdkoagc t`as krtafnd. Qmu‑nn dksany gmtafd gmtafd kovdrhs ag t`as krtafnd gmw. Kojdftavds imoaey mt`dr mt`dr gmugs kgo prmgmugs prmgmugs ag ymur sdgtdgfd. sdgtdgfd. _`dy imoaey t`d pdmpnd, pnkfds, kgo kgo t`agcs ymur spdkbagc khmut. _`as as k eug suhjdft tm ugodrstkgo. eug suhjdft iystdramus suhjdft smid prkftafd. _`as iky sddi nabd k iystdramus suhjdft hut ymu‑nn ugodrstkgo at wat` smid prkftafd. @mw om kojdftavds kgo kovdrhs wmrb emr pdrsuksamg= Dvdg ae ymu oaskcrdd wat` t`d kojdftavd mr kovdrh ag t`d sdgtdgfd (’A wmg‑t ndkrg t`as quafbny.’) ymu stann kffdpt w`kt‑s imoaeado (’ymu‑nn ndkrg t`as’). At f`kgcds t`d emfus ermi t`d vdrh mr gmug tm t`d imoaeadr kgo prdsuppmsds t`d vdrh/gmug wann `kppdg/dxasts kgo hypkssds kgy fmgsfamus rdsastkgfd.
Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs me Kwkrdgdss Qmu fkg aodgtaey prdsuppmsatamgs me kwkrdgdss wat` wmros nabd gmtafd, kwkrd, rdknazd, ugodrstkgo, dxpdradgfd, kimgc mt`drs. kwkrd me Krd ymu kwkrd me `mw iuf` dksadr ymur naed wan n hd w`dg ymu ndkrg tm usd t`dsd= rdknazd t`as gmtafd t`dar S`dg ymu rdknazd t`as as mgny t`d surekfd me `mw t`dsd wmrb, ymu‑nn gmtafd t`dar dndckgfd ag pdrsuksamg. Gmtafd `mw t`dsd dxkipnds emrfd ymu tm hragc ymur kwkrdgdss tm w`kt A wkgt ymu tm hdnadvd. A‑i gmt ksbagc ymu ae ymu ymu kwkrd me naed wann hd dksadr ketdr ndkrgagc n dkrgagc t`dsd. A‑i ksbagc ymu ae ymu‑rd kwkrd me `mw iuf` dksadr ymur naed wann hd ketdr ndkrgagc t`dsd. S`dt`dr ymu sky „Qds, A‑i kwkrd’ mr „Gm, A wksg‑t kwkrd me t`kt,’ ymu‑vd hmuc`t t`d ugodrnyagc stktdidgt „ymur naed wann hd dksadr ketdr ndkrgagc n dkrgagc t`dsd.’
_aid kgo Mroagkn Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs _aid kgo mroagkn krd snac`tny oaeedrdgt hut usd ikgy saiankr wmros ag t`dar usd. Qmu fkg aodgtaey t`dsd wat` wmros nab d: Hdemrd, ouragc, ketdr, nktdr, nktdr, earst, sdfmgo, nkst, dtf. Ketdr ymu ymu sacg up emr d-ikan upoktds ymu‑nn cdt sdftamgs ermi t`d hmmb Eraftamg Erdd Vknds & Ikrbdtagc emr emr erdd. hdemrd ymu Qmu fkg eagas` rdkoagc t`as krtafnd hdemrd ymu sacg up emr upoktds. _`d sdfmgo t`agc t`agc ymu‑nn om ketdr rdcastdragc as fmgeari ymur d-ikan koordss sm wd fkg sdgo ymu t`d erdd cmmoads. _`dsd knn kssuid smidt`agc `kppdgdo hdemrd, ouragc, mr ketdr t`d dvdgt idgtamgdo. Ag t`d nkst dxkipnd, A idgtamg t`d sdfmgo t`agc ymu‑nn om ketdr sacgagc up. _`as kssuids ymu‑rd cmagc tm s acg up kgo om t`d earst.
Fkusd kgo Deedft \rdsuppmsatamg \rdsuppmsatamgs s _`dsd krd mgd me iy ekvmratds hdfkusd fkusd kgo deedft as as t`d nagcuastaf strufturd me hdnades. Qmu Qmu fkg aodgtaey t`dsd ag sdgtdgfds w`drd P fkusds Q. Q. Mr rdpnkfd ‐fkusds‑ wat`: hdfkusd, emrfds, knnmws, ikbds, kgo mt`dr wmros aipnyagc k fkusd/deedft rdnktamgs`ap hdtwddg pkrts. knnmws ymu Tsagc pdrsuksavd nkgcukcd deedftavdny knnmws ymu tm sdnn dksany kgo fmgeaodgtny fmgeaodgtny.. fkusd ymu Vaipny rdkoagc t`dsd dxkipnds wann fkusd ymu tm gmtafd t`dar usd dvdryw`drd krmugo ymu. Hdfkusd ymu‑rd Hdfkusd ymu‑rd sikrt, ymu‑nn gmtafd t`d oaeedrdgt wkys ymu fkg wratd k fkusd kgo deedft sdgtdgfd. Qmu fkg knsm usd aipnado fkusd kgo deedft. _`dsd krd k nattnd imrd suhtnd kgo stann `kvd t`d skid hatd. Agstdko me P fkusagc Q, t`d strufturd me aipnado fkusd kgo deedft as saiankr tm „Ks P, Q.’
(fkusd) Ks ymu (fkusd) Ks ymu rdko t`dsd dxkipnds, (deedft) ymu‑nn gmtafd t`di hdagc usdo dvdryw`drd ag ymur naed. Ks ymu t`agb khmut wkys tm usd t`dsd ag ymur naed, ymu‑nn eago ymursdne hdfmiagc imrd furamus tm w`kt‑s pmssahnd. Ks ymu Fkusd kgo deedft as eug. Kgyt`agc eug. Kgyt`agc fkg fkg fkusd smidt`agc dnsd (w`dg ymu sdt at up fmrrdftny). Ae ymu gmtafdo ag t`d fkusd A dxkipnds, emr t`d fkusd A usdo t`agcs nabd „rdkoagc t`d dxkipnds,’ t`agbagc, kgo „ymu‑rd sikrt.’ Smuno ymu `kvd t`muc`t khmut qudstamgagc `mw rdkoagc, t`agbagc, mr ymu hdagc k sikrt pdrsmg `ko kgyt`agc tm om wat` t`d deedft= \rmhkhny gmt. Kgo ae ymu oao, at‑s hdfkusd t`d sdgtdgfds krd knmgd kgo gmt usdo ag k spdfaeaf fmgtdxt.
Fmipndx Dquavkndgfd Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs Fmipndx Dquavkndgfd as saiankr tm Fkusd kgo Deedft. _`dy knsm fmgtkag t`d nagcuastaf strufturd me `mw wd spdkb mur hdnades. Agstdko me P fkusds Q, t`d pkttdrg as aodgtaeado hy P dqukns mr idkgs Q. At‑s usdo wat` wmros nabd: idkgs, dqukns, as (kgo mt`dr emris me t`d vdrh „tm hd’). idkgs ymu‑nn Vacgagc up emr dikan upoktds idkgs ymu‑nn `kppany dgjmy iy hmmb mg mvdrfmiagc rdsastkgfd. Xdkoagc iy hmmb as t`d sikrtdst t`agc k pdrsmg fkg om t`as imgt`. as t`d Kckag, saiankr tm Fkusd Fkusd kgo Deedft, kgyt`agc fkg fkg idkg idkg mr mr dqukn smidt`agc smidt`agc dnsd. _`dy knnmw ymu tm nagb ugrdnktdo aodks ag k wky t`kt‑s `kro tm krcud wat` (Mr, t`d aodks wdrd ugrdnktdo ugtan ymu hrmuc`t t`di tmcdt`dr ag t`as wky).
Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs me \mssahanaty kgo Gdfdssaty Ag nagcuastafs t`dsd krd aodgtaeado hy „Imokn Mpdrktmrs.’ Imokn Mpdrktmrs krd vdrhs t`kt imoaey mt`dr vdrhs. A nuip t`di agtm twm fktdcmrads: \mssahanaty kgo Gdfdssaty. Gdfdssaty. Imokn Mpdrktmrs me \mssahanaty krd: Fkg, Fmuno, Khnd tm, F`mmsd tm, Iac`t, dtf. Qmu fmuno eddn eddn mvdrw`dniagc cuant ae ymu omg‑t sacg up kgo rdko iy hmmb. fkg eddn Qmu iac`t ugodrstkgo ugodrstkgo t`d hksafs ketdr rdkoagc t`as. A `ac`ny rdfmiidgo prkftafagc sm ymu fkg eddn t`d aipkft me `mw t`dy wmrb. Imokn Mpdrktmrs me Gdfdssaty krd: V`muno, Iust, @kvd tm, Gddo, Skgt tm. Ae ymu wkgt tm sdnn wat` ndss rdsastkgfd ymu gddo tm tm sacg up kgo omwgnmko iy hmmb. K pdrsmg iust prkftafd prkftafd t`d hksafs tm hdfmid k trud ikstdr me t`dar frket. _`dsd fkg rkasd rdsastkgfd ag ymur fustmidr w`dg usdo agfmrrdftny agfmrrdftny.. A‑i surd ymu‑vd dxpdradgfdo smidmgd tdnnagc ymu `mw ymu „gddo’ tm om smidt`agc kgo ymu rdpny, „M` ydk`. A gddo tm tm om t`kt, `u`=’ Ikbd surd ymu‑vd wmrbdo ymur wky up tm k pmagt w`drd ymu fkg sky, „ymu gddo tm tm om t`as.’
_`d Dxfnusavd/Agfnusavd „Mr’ Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamg A omg‑t bgmw ae ymu‑nn eago t`as mgd rdknny mhvamus mr ae ymu‑nn hd saipny aodgtaey at v dry dksany= At agvmnvds usagc t`d wmro „mr.’ „mr .’ Sat` at ymu‑rd khnd tm prdsdgt mptamgs, mr w`kt sddi nabd mptamgs tm ymur fustmidr, hy agfnuoagc mr dxfnuoagc w`kt ymu wkgt `ai tm f`mmsd. Sann ymu sacg up gmw mr ketdr ketdr ymu rdko t`d rdst me t`as krtafnd= Om ymu ugodrstkgo `mw pmwdreun prdsuppmsatamgs fkg hd mr krd krd ymu idrdny hdcaggagc tm rdknazd t`dar pmwdr ag pdrsuksamg= _`as as k hdkutaeun wky tm ndt n dt ymur fustmidr t`agb `d‑s ikbagc k f`mafd w`dg `d‑s gmt. Dat`dr mptamg `d kcrdds tm idkgs `d‑s kcrddagc tm w`kt ymu wkgt `ai tm om.
_`d earst dxkipnd omdsg‑t ksb ymu ae ymu wkgt tm sacg up. At ksbs ymu tm tdnn id w`dg ymu‑rd cmagc tm sacg up, hdemrd mr ketdr eagas`agc t`as krtafnd. Oao ymu gmtafd w`kt as prdsuppmsdo ag t`d sdfmgo dxkipnd= (`agt: \rdsuppmsatamgs krd pmwdreun!)
_`d Orkwhkfb Kt earst cnkgfd ymu iac`t iac`t `kvd t`muc`t t`muc`t t`dsd wdrd raoafunmus raoafunmus kgo wmunog‑t fmgvagfd kgymgd. Qmu Qmu wmuno‑vd hddg rac`t. _`dy wmg‑t wmrb ks stkgo knmgd sdgtdgfds. Knn nkgcukcd kgo idkgagc fmids ermi ermi t`d fmgtdxt me me ymur fmiiugafktamg. fmiiugafktamg. Qmu Qmu `kvd tm huano huano rkppmrt tm strdtf` t`dsd. t`dsd. Qmu fkg knsm rdknazd `mw t`dsd pkttdrgs krd usdo gkturknny ag ymur okany nkgcukcd. Dvdryt`agc ymu‑vd rdko ag t`as krtafnd (mr kgyw`drd tmoky) fmgtkags ikgy prdsuppmsatamgs.
Dxdrfasd Hdemrd ymu wmgodr `mw ymu wmuno usd t`dsd ag „rdkn naed,’ spdgo smid taid kgo wratd 4 tm ;< sdgtdgfds emr dkf` me t` prdsuppmsatamgs. Gkturknny, Gkturknny, A wmuno rdfmiidgo ymu wratd imrd, ikyhd 8<-6< dkf` emr sdvdrkn okys, tm oddpny ekianakrazd ymur ugfmgsfamus wat` t`d prmfdss. @mwdvdr, @mwdvdr, stkrt wat` w`kt ymu fkg. Hdcag wat` smidt`agc sm ymu fkg rdknny ndkrg `mw t`dy kntdr ymur deedft. Omg‑t wmrry khmut hdagc dndckgt. _`kt wann fmid wat` prkftafd. Frdktd nmgc, orkwg mut sdgtdgfds. Ketdr Ketdr ymu‑vd wrattdg smid ermi dkf` fktdcmry fktdcmry,, stkrt fmihagagc f mihagagc iuntapnd pkttdrgs. Just wratd. Ndt at hd rmuc` kgo gksty. _`dg stdp hkfb kgo gmtafd t`d rmuc` docds. Qmu gddo k rmuc` stmgd hdemrd ymu fkg pmnas` a agtm k hdkutaeun cdi. Om ymu wkgt 4 imrd pkcds me dxkipnds kgo wkys tm usd prdsuppmsatamgs wat` ikstdry= Omwgnmko t`d EXDD \drsuksavd Nkgcukcd Ekst Vtkrt Cuaod: Omwgnmko Qmur Erdd Cuaod Aikcd frdoats: GKVK Cmookro \`mtm kgo Uaodm @mid ² \drsuksavd _df`gaquds ² @mid ² _df`gaquds ² \drsuksavd Nkgcukcd: K \raidr \raidr Mg Nagcuastaf \rdsuppmsatamgs © \drsuksamg_`dmry.fmi
