UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
A STUDY OF PARKING PROBLEMS IN MUAR TOWN CASE STUDY: STREET ON MUAR TOWN (JALAN SALLEH)
ABDUL AZIM BIN ABDUL MALEK SEPTEMBER 2011-JANUARY 2012
DEPARTMENT OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA
A STUDY OF PARKING PROBLEMS IN MUAR TOWN CASE STUDY: STREET ON MUAR TOWN (JALAN SALLEH)
A project prepared to fullfill part of requirements for the awards of Bachelor In Estate Management (Hons.)
ABDUL AZIM BIN ABDUL MALEK 2009776295 SEMESTER DECEMBER 2009 – DECEMBER 2011
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STUDENT’S DECLARATION
Academic Project Title:
A STUDY OF PARKING PROBLEMS IN MUAR TOWN CASE STUDY: STREET ON MUAR TOWN (JALAN SALLEH)
I declare that this report is the result of my own research, unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work.
In the event that my report be found to violate the conditions mentioned above, I voluntarily waive the right of conferment of degree and agree be subjected to the disciplinary rules and regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Signature
:
……………………………………………….
Student’s Name
:
Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malek
Date
:
……………………………………………….
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SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION
Academic Project Title:
A STUDY OF PARKING PROBLEMS IN MUAR TOWN CASE STUDY: STREET ON MUAR TOWN (JALAN SALLEH)
I admit that I had read this report and from my opinion it has fulfill the requirements and qualified for the purpose of conferment of Degree of Bachelor of Estate Management (Hons.)
Signature
:
……………………………………………….
Supervisor’s Name
:
Pn Hjh. Noraliza binti Basrah
Date
:
……………………………………………….
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In this given opportunity, I would like to give my highest appreciation to Allah almighty that blessed me the power and guts to complete this Academic Project (PA) in successful way. There are times of obstacles that depressed me to deliver the final product. But I have managed in the end, thanks to Allah. I praised Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, and his companions for this valuable esperiences.
Special thanks to my beloved supervisor, Puan Hjh Noraliza Bte Basrah, lecturer in Dept. of Estate Management, UiTM Shah Alam, for the advice, guidance, encouragement, and also cooperation that has been given to me, in the completion of this research.
Credit also to the following people; i.
Town Planning Department, Majlis Perbandaran Muar, Johor.
ii.
Mrs. Normah Binti Kechut, Deputy Planner Officer, MPM.
iii.
The public of Muar.
To my beloved parent, siblings, and friends and to all that involved in the research, I sincerely will always remember you in my heart.
Thank you very much,
Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malek Ba. (Hons) Estate Management , UiTM Shah Alam.
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ABSTRACT
Parking facility can be considered as part of planning requirement that can affect development scheme as a whole. The increases of population, paralel with the increasing of road users lead to parking concerns, especialy in Muar Johor. Insuffiecient car park and congested traffic occured in that area, and the study keen to conduct a research to identify the factors that contribute to the problem. The scope of parking problem is narrowed to Jalan Salleh as the main road in Muar town. The author will investigate the parking management system at Muar town from planning, organising and controlling point of view. The demand for property in Muar is increasing, but with problems of lack of parking space and congested area can change property buyers decision. There are several factors that contribute to parking problem in Muar area, and public behavior and the poor management at Majlis Perbandaran Muar are two major concerns that the study will focus on. Based on structured interviews, survey and observation, it is hope that this study can come out with a good solution to help fix the situation before it become worst in the future.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLES
PAGE
Title pages
i
Student’s Declaration
ii
Supervisor’s Declaration
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table of Contents
vi
List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xii
List of Symbol/ Abbreviation
xv
List of Appendixes
xvi
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
1
1.2.1 Public Behavior
2
1.2.2 People behavior
2
1.2.3 Inadequate Space to Provide Parking
2
1.3
Purpose of Study
2
1.4
Objective of Study
2
1.5
Scope and Limitation of Study
3
1.6
Significance of Study
4
1.7
Methodology
5
1.8
Chapter Arrangement
8
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1
Introduction
10
2.2
Definition of Parking
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2.3
Parking Facilities
11
2.4
Mode of Parking
12
2.4.1 Parallel Parking
13
2.4.2 Perpendicular Parking
13
2.4.3 Angle Parking
13
2.5
Fringe Parking
14
2.6
Policy for Parking
15
2.7
Parking Pricing
16
2.8
Parking Demands
18
2.9
Causes of Congestion 2.9.1 Road Layout
19
2.9.2 Lack Parking Space
19
2.9.3 Staggered Work Hours
20
2.9.4 Parking Behavior
20
2.6
Effects of Park and Ride on Urban Traffic
21
2.7
Effects of Resident Parking on Urban Traffic
22
2.8
Availability of parking and attractiveness of city centres
22
2.9
Revenue and revenue allocation
23
2.10
Conclusion Perception of parking problems
24
CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY 3.1
Introduction
25
3.2
Background of Muar
25
3.3
Parking Management (Majlis Perbandaran Muar)
27
3.4
Road Congestion 3.4.1 Jalan Salleh
31
3.4.2 Jalan Abdullah
31
3.4.3 Jalan Majidi
31
3.4.4 Jalan Meriam
33
3.4.5 Jalan Peteri
33
3.4.6 Jalan Maharani
33
3.5
Case Study
34
3.6
Cause of Congestion in Muar 3.6.1 Limited Parking Space
39
3.6.2 Peak Hours
39
3.6.3 Building Development
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3.6.4 Road Size
40
3.6.5 Urban Planning and Design
40
3.6.6 Traffic Management
40
3.7
The Faulty by Public in Muar Town
41
3.8
Conclusion
43
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1
Introduction
35
4.2
Result and Findings 4.2.1 Public Particulars
44
4.2.2 Public Level of Satisfaction
49
4.2.3 Parking Management
103
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1
Introduction
114
5.2
Findings
129
5.3
Constraints and Limitations
130
5.4
Recommendation
130
5.5
Conclusion
133
BIBLIOGRAPHYS
135
APPENDIXES
140
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LIST OF TABLES
No. of Table
Title
Page
3.1
List of Perish in Muar town
26
3.2
List of Management
31
3.3
Parking Guidelines
38
4.1
Gender of Respondents
45
4.2
Race of Respondents
46
4.3
Marital Status
47
4.4
Occupation
48
4.5
Parallel Parking
49
4.6
Perpendicular Parking
50
4.7
Angle Parking
51
4.8
On-street Parking (along Jalan Salleh)
52
4.9
Gazetted Parking Area
53
4.10
Yellow Base Line (along bus station to Astaka Mall)
54
4.11
Double Parking (street along Jalan Salleh)
55
4.12
Saving Time
56
4.13
Cheapest Parking Fee
57
4.14
Necessary for Errand
58
4.15
Safe from Robber
59
4.16
Safe to Avoid Accident
60
4.17
Safe to Avoid Penalty
61
4.18
Saving Time
62
4.19
Cheapest Parking Fee
63
4.20
Necessary for Errand
64
4.21
Safe from Robber
65
4.22
Safe to Avoid Accident
66
4.23
Safe to Avoid Penalty
67
4.24
Parking Ticket is Expensive
68
4.25
Difficult to Get Parking Ticket
69
4.26
Saving Petrol Vehicle Cost
70
4.27
Need Not Pay Parking Fee
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4.28
Once Time
72
4.29
Two Times
73
4.30
Three Times
74
4.31
More Than Three Times
75
4.32
Less an Hour
76
4.33
An Hour
77
4.34
Two Hours
78
4.35
More Than Two Hours
79
4.36
Buy Personal Necessities
80
4.37
Buy Bus Ticket
81
4.38
Get Food
82
4.39
Visit the Temple
83
4.40
Visit the Doctor
84
4.41
8.00 a.m.
85
4.42
12.00 p.m.
86
4.43
2.00 p.m.
87
4.44
5.00 p.m.
88
4.45
Designated Area
89
4.46
Medan Selera Bentayan
90
4.47
Astaka Mall
91
4.48
Street Parking
92
4.49
Inadequate Parking
93
4.50
High Volume Vehicles
94
4.51
Traffic Management
95
4.52
Absence of Traffic Light
96
4.53
Narrow Road Size
97
4.54
Poor Parking Signage
98
4.55
Difficult to Find Parking Ticket
99
4.56
Price Ticket is Too Expensive
100
4.57
Decrease Faults on Parking
101
4.58
Decrease Traffic Jam
102
4.59
Parking Meters
103
4.60
Automatic Ticket Parking Machine
104
4.61
Parking Signage
105
4.62
Parking Pricing
106
4.63
Road Size
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4.64
Parking Safety
108
4.65
Parking Facilities
109
4.66
Parking Signage
110
4.67
Yellow Base Line
111
4.68
Double Parking
112
4.69
Obstructive Parking
113
5.1
Most Public Appealing on Parking Modes
115
5.2
Most Public Convenient Parking
116
5.3
Most Public Reasons to Park On-street Parking
117
5.4
Most Public Reasons to Park on Gazetted Area
118
5.5
Most Public Reason for Illegal Parking
119
5.6
Public Usually Make Turns to Find Parking
120
5.7
Public Usually Spend Time to Park Vehicle
121
5.8
Most Public Reason to Park at the Designated Area
122
5.9
The Time of the Day Public Usually Park on Jalan Salleh
122
5.10
Level of Satisfaction Parking Facilities on Jalan Salleh
123
5.11
Public Perception on Reasons of Congestion
124
5.12
Reasons Public Not Use Parking Ticket
125
5.13
Effects of Summons
125
5.14
Public Perception on Enhancement Parking Management
126
5.15
Public Perception on Parking Management System
127
5.16
Public Perception on Summon by Majlis Perbandaran Muar
128
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LIST OF FIGURES
No. of Figure
Title
Page
1.1
The Flow Chart of Research Methodology
6
3.1
Map of Muar District
26
3.2
Front View of Majlis Perbandaran Muar
27
3.3
Organisation Structure Majlis Perbandaran Muar
30
3.4
Road Congestion in Muar Town
31
3.5
Parallel Parking
34
3.6
Angle Parking
34
3.7
Jetty Park
35
3.8
Fishing Center
36
3.9
Public Parking
36
3.10
Bus Station
37
3.11
Medan Selera Bentayan
37
3.12
Astaka Mall
38
3.13
Park on Yellow Baseline
41
3.14
Park on Obstructive or Bar Line
41
3.15
Double parking on street parking
42
3.16
Late Give Signal
42
4.1
Gender of Respondents
45
4.2
Race of Respondents
46
4.3
Marital Status
47
4.4
Occupation
48
4.5
Parallel Parking
49
4.6
Perpendicular Parking
50
4.7
Angle Parking
51
4.8
On-street Parking (along Jalan Salleh)
52
4.9
Gazetted Parking Area
53
4.10
Yellow Base Line (along bus station to Astaka Mall)
54
4.11
Double Parking (street along Jalan Salleh)
55
4.12
Saving Time
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4.13
Cheapest Parking Fee
57
4.14
Necessary for Errand
58
4.15
Safe from Robber
59
4.16
Safe to Avoid Accident
60
4.17
Safe to Avoid Penalty
61
4.18
Saving Time
62
4.19
Cheapest Parking Fee
63
4.20
Necessary for Errand
64
4.21
Safe from Robber
65
4.22
Safe to Avoid Accident
66
4.23
Safe to Avoid Penalty
67
4.24
Parking Ticket is Expensive
68
4.25
Difficult to Get Parking Ticket
69
4.26
Saving Petrol Vehicle Cost
70
4.27
Need Not Pay Parking Fee
71
4.28
Once Time
72
4.29
Two Times
73
4.30
Three Times
74
4.31
More Than Three Times
75
4.32
Less an Hour
76
4.33
An Hour
77
4.34
Two Hours
78
4.35
More Than Two Hours
79
4.36
Buy Personal Necessities
80
4.37
Buy Bus Ticket
81
4.38
Get Food
82
4.39
Visit the Temple
83
4.40
Visit the Doctor
84
4.41
8.00 a.m.
85
4.42
12.00 p.m.
86
4.43
2.00 p.m.
87
4.44
5.00 p.m.
88
4.45
Designated Area
89
4.46
Medan Selera Bentayan
90
4.47
Astaka Mall
91
4.48
Street Parking
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4.49
Inadequate Parking
93
4.50
High Volume Vehicles
94
4.51
Traffic Management
95
4.52
Absence of Traffic Light
96
4.53
Narrow Road Size
97
4.54
Poor Parking Signage
98
4.55
Difficult to Find Parking Ticket
99
4.56
Price Ticket is Too Expensive
100
4.57
Decrease Faults on Parking
101
4.58
Decrease Traffic Jam
102
4.59
Parking Meters
103
4.60
Automatic Ticket Parking Machine
104
4.61
Parking Signage
105
4.62
Parking Pricing
106
4.63
Road Size
107
4.64
Parking Safety
108
4.65
Parking Facilities
109
4.66
Parking Signage
110
4.67
Yellow Base Line
111
4.68
Double Parking
112
4.69
Obstructive Parking
113
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LISTS OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS
Symbol
Meaning of Symbol
AP
Academic Project
MPM
Majlis Perbandaran Muar
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendixes
Topics
Page
A
Map of Muar Streets
140
B
Questionnaire
141
C
Parking Guidelines by Majlis Perbandaran Muar
149
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CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.1
Introduction
This chapter discusses the introduction to the study. It represents the overview of the study and briefly explains the background, the aim, problem statement, formulating the study methodology, the outline of the report, and the limitation and scope of the study.
Basically, any building development and construction must consider space for parking lot. People need proper car parks to be provided to them inside or outside the building. If the parking area is not in the development consideration, then the project can be considered as a failure.
Parking requirement is one of the important things in Town and Country Planning Act terms and rules as it is important in order to avoid the congestion in urban areas. The demand for parking space increases by year. Because of the business of automobile is so good, and it is a norm to see one family owns more than 2 cars, our road cannot handle the amount of road users nowadays. As the result, the traffic is congested and parking areas are not sufficed. 1.2
Problem Statements
As the number of cars increases, with no initiatives and alternatives to combat the current scenario, many problems arise especially to the limited number of parking lot. This can give a significant effect, especially to commercial property. The study aims to see the effect of inadequate parking space at Jalan Salleh Street, Muar. With the
1
help from Mrs. Hjh Normah Bte Kechut, the Deputy Planning Officer in Majlis Perbandaran Muar (MPM), the study will identify the cause to the problem and how to reduce it as there is an increase of population and car users in the Muar city. 1.2.1
Public Behavior
Parking issues come from the public behavior itself. The public come to the city and simply park their vehicle anywhere and everywhere they like. They refuse to park in the parking facility provided by the local authority. 1.2.2
Parking Layout Design cannot be changed
The old planning layout for parking area was design over past 100 years ago, and there is a problem to change or alter the layout. Some owners of the old building in Muar town are reluctant to enhance their building by providing space for car park. They must build new building that can provide car park, based on the parking guideline enforce by the MPM. 1.2.3
Inadequate Space to Provide Parking Facility
Muar town does not have enough space to provide more parking facilities for the people. Majority of vacant land in Muar town owns by the MPM. They always wanted to develop commercial buildings, regardless the parking problems, because of the profit they can get. 1.3
Purpose of Study
The main purpose of this research is to investigate and understand the parking management system applied at Muar town, from the perspective of planning, organizing and controlling.
2
1.4
Objective
The objectives of the study are as follows:
a) To identify parking guidelines enforced by Local Authority at Muar. b) To identify the cause of parking problems in Muar town. c) To recommend solutions to overcome the congestion and limited parking space in Muar town. 1.5
Scope of Study
The study is limited to scope and limitation, in order to receive a clear result from the analysis. The scope of the study will focus on:
1) The parking problem in Muar central town. The issues are the congestion and traffic problems. The author tries to investigate and analyze a way to overcome the problem. The current management system for parking is not working successfully because of the congestion.
2) To achieve the aim of this study, that is to investigate the system and process of managing parking lot. Then followed by some conclusions and recommendations to the topic.
3) This study depends very much on primary and secondary data. Therefore, the nature of this study is more of a critical review on property management, and to investigate the system and process of managing parking space.
3
1.5.1 Limitation
The study has a number of limitations. There is limited amount of information available, particularly that relates to Malaysian experience in planning. There is not much information or published research and article on this topic.
There might be some new and current information on the topic, which is kept by the private or government agencies. Unfortunately the information is treated as confidential and thus cannot be released to public. So, it is impracticable to obtain first hand information. The study is carry out based on general survey, geographical remoteness of the study area, coupled with constraints of time and finance. So, this study has to be prepared within these limitations.
1.6 Significance of Study
There are some significant gains that can be achieved through the study. The importances on this study are:-
1. The results of the finding can be used to make guidelines and references for parking management at Jalan Salleh, Muar in terms of planning, organizing and controlling for future benefits. 2. The study also can identify and improve the weakness on the management of parking, giving the alternative ways and recommendations. 3. The study can be used as a guideline and reference to any interested individual or body, for the purpose of parking management in established urban area.
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1.7
Methodology
Chart 1.1:
The Flow Chart of Research Methodology
Problem Statement Identification Stage One
Objectives Determination Stage Two
Data Collection
Primary Data •
Secondary Data
Interview and questionnaire toward the public especially for Muar town people. A. Public parking habit. B. Opinion or perception regarding the parking space
•
• •
Information from relevant authorities such as Majlis Perbandaran Muar. Document planning standard. References from article, website, journal, newspaper and magazines. Stage Three
Data processing and analysis Stage Four
Recommendation and Conclusion Amendments and writing up of the chapter for final submission
Stage Five
5
1.7.1
Description of Methodology
In performing the research study, the methodology applied should be suitable in order to ensure that information and data obtained will be accurate and informative. Methodology applied will assist the study to be on the right track. The following is the description of the methodology of the study:
a.
Problem Statement Identification
Firstly, before determination of objective, problem statements from the certain newspaper which are the current issues related to the topic has been identified. b.
Objectives Determination
Objectives will define the purpose of the study and give guideline in carrying out the research. c.
Data Collection
There are two methods that can be used by the researcher to collect data, which are primary and secondary data. It is useful to ensure that the data are up to date and reliable. i.
Primary Data
The primary data is first hand information from the survey and distribution of questionnaires. The survey and questionnaires will be given to the sample of population. This kind of data usually obtained from a sample, which is group of individuals who are involved as respondent who provide the information, facts or opinion in a research.
6
Sampling is an approach of identifying the source of data. Besides, the sample is randomly selected from the latest citizens list provided for the research objectives. ii.
Secondary Data
Generally the secondary data are the theoretical part of the study or research. In this study, the secondary data are obtained from relevant authorities such as local authority, newspaper, internet, and previous articles and study. d.
Data Analysis
The process to analyze the data can be executed after the process of gathering data and information. The data that obtained from survey, questionnaires and secondary data will be analyzed. The information will be presented in the form of chart, graph and tabulated tables in order to ensure a clear presentation and better understanding of the gathered information. The analyzing process can clarify the problems. Then, come to decision and way to overcome the problems. e.
Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion
The analyzed data will clarify and explain the research findings. A suitable recommendation will be formulated based on the result and findings. Then, findings and recommendations will be taken into consideration in producing a conclusion for the research.
The study was conducted using two methods:
i.
A literature review, which was conducted using various sources of data, such as a books, newspapers and articles to obtain general information on the parking space, parking concepts, property 7
