G CXJFK IGHHGONUZNEG JG XCUG-EXVT G Zrgjníåc jgs crnmfbs crnmfbs
Uch g jnrfíåc jf Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn
www.rcsg-eruz.crm
8
Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, G Zrgjníåc jgs crnmfbs, Ecpyrnm`t © 8<70 Zcjcs jnrfntcs rfsfrvgjcs « Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz ¹. ¹. Bfb`ukg pgrtf jfssf onvrc pcjf sfr rfprcjuznjg cu utnonzgjg u tnonzgjg sch qugoqufr acrkg sfk gutcrnzgíåc fserntg jf Îjntncbs Z`furmng, eck fxefíåc jgs entgíöfs eurtgs nbtfmrgjgs bcs grtnmcs cu gprfsfbtgíöfs rfogencbgjgs g fssf onvrc.
Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf og Xcsf-Ercnx © 8<70 8867 B. Xgkpgrt Hovj #755, Ogs Qfmgs, BQ 0>780, VUG sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm Aghrnegjc bcs Fstgjcs Vbnjcs
Jfseuhrg g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz www.rcsg-eruz.crm
5
\uhonegjc eck gs gutcrnzgíöfs jcs Mrgbjfs Canengns jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz.
Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn (Noo.M.\.X+E)
\gtrneng Hcurnb (Noo. M.E.)
:
ËBJNEF G\XFUFBZGÍÅC G\XFUFBZGÍÅCSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS > G ZXGJNÍÅC XCUG-EXVT SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS77 Bgsenkfbtc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSSS77 Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jg Crjfk SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS78 Ercbcocmng jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS75 Onb`gmfk jcs Mrgbjfs Kfstrfs, M.\.X+ESSSSSSSSSSS7: CXMGBNTGÍÅC jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7= \gësfs rfprfsfbtgjcs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7= Fstruturgs ocegns - Egpëtuocs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7= Fstruturgs Nbtfrbgencbgns f Bgencbgns SSSSSSSSSSSSSS7= Fstruturg nbnençtneg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS70 \FXEVXUC NBNENÇZNEC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS7> Uchrf c pfreursc nbnençtnec SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS7> Nbnengíöfs trgbskntnjgs bcs Egpëtuocs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS8< G CHXG JC EG\ËZVOC EG\ËZVOC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS86 Gprfsfbtgíåc jf uk EgpëtuocSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS86 G chrg jc EgpëtuocSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS EgpëtuocSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS86 Erngíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS81 GXE@NECBAXÎXNF GXE@NECBAXÎXNF JF NFUE@CVG@ NFUE@CVG@SSSSSSSSSSSSS8= Nbtrcjuíåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS 8= Crnmfk jg Gre`necbarîrnf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS8= Fstruturg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS80 Ecbvntf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS80
6
AXGZFXBNJGJF AXGZFXBNJGJF JCU HCBU @CKFBU SSSSSSSSSSS 8> Eçtgrcs4 cs purcs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS8> Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5< @FXGBÍG jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS55 G MBCUF CXNMNBGOSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5: G IGHHGOG EXNUZÅ EXNUZÅ SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS56 Bgsenkfbtc jg Ighhgog SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS56 Ighhgog ernstå f ighhgog `frkîtneg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5> G EGQGOGXNG EFOFUZF EFOFUZF SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:= G QFXJGJFNXG QFXJGJFNXG XCUG-EXVT XCUG-EXVT SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:> G Xcsg-Eruz bg `nstõrng SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS:> G Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz SSSS68 C KGXZNBNUKC f g C.I.X.E.SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS66 C CEVOZNUKCSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS6> ZFCOCMNG F ONZVXMNG SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS17 CU MXGBJF \GZXNGXEGU \GZXNGXEGU X+E SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS15 Qnsecbjf Ocuns E`grofs Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf SSSSSSSSS15 Anrknb Hcnssnb SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS16 Nrkåcs \fogjgb SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS10 Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=5 Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=6 \gpus SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS =1 Zfjfr SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=> Dfgb Hrneguj SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS0< Ocuns Kgrnf Argbícns A rgbícns Mnrguj SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS08 Dfgb Hrcunooft SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS0: 1
\gtrnei Z. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS06 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS06 FUZVJCU Ì JNUZÈBENG JNUZÈBENG SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS0= Crmgbnzgíåc f ecbtfôjc jcs fbsnbgkfbtcs SSSSSSSSSS0= Fstruturg jf ukg oníåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS00 Vk pfreursc prcmrfssnvc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS00 Cs eurscs nkfjngtgkfbtf jnspcbëvfns cbonbf SSSSSSSSS0> G Nbnengíåc SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS0> ZCXBGX-UF KFKHXC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS>< \FXMVBZGU - XFU\CUZGU SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS>7 ECBZGZC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS>0 HCOFZNK NBACXKGZNQC NBACXKGZNQC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSS >> UNZF NBZFXBFZ jg C.I.X.E. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS>>
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0
G\XFUFBZGÍÅC G\XFUFBZGÍÅC Jfsjf c sîeuoc 70, c suo jg Argbíg acn ukg rfmnåc nkpcrtgbtf fk fspnrntugonjgjf f ceuotnskc. Acn c oumgr jf bgsenkfbtc jf eîofhrfs ecrrfbtfs jfsjf jc mbcstnenskc, jcs Gotcs Mrgus jg Kgícbgrng, hfk eckc jf vçrngs fsecogs Xcsg-Eruzfs f eghgoëstnegs. Fstg rfmnåc pfrkgbfefu eckc uk oumgr jf crnmfk nbqufstncbçvfo jgs scenfjgjfs nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns. Fog, gonçs, ecbsfrvcu uk oumgr njäbtnec bc nkgmnbçrnc ecoftnvc, uotrgpgssgbjc ogrmgkfbtf gtî kfskc g Argbíg. Wufk båc sf ofkhrg, pcr fxfkpoc, jc fbnmkg jf Xfbbfs of E`ètfgu f jc \rncrgjc jf Unåc quf sf jfsfbrcocu bg rfmnåc jf Xgzàs. Gs ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs, eghgoëstnegs, goqunknstgs f kçmnegs sfkprf acrgk nkpcrtgbtfs bg rfmnåc. Crg, sf båc î pcr nstc quf bc sîeuoc 7> quf cs eëreuocs ceuotcs pgrnsnfbsfs sf ecbstntuërgk g pgrtnr jcs ecbtgtcs eck gs acbtfs crnmnbgns jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. î jf oç quf prcväk g trgjníåc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz! Erngjg fk 7000, fog acn g prnkfnrg Crjfk Xcsg-Eruz erngjg bg îpceg kcjfrbg. Vk efrtc bôkfrc jf mrupcs acn a cn erngjc kgns tgrjf prceurgbjc nkntgr fstg ouz crnmnbgo. Arfqufbtfkfbtf nkntgjg, kgs dgkgns nmugogjg, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz ecbtnbug g cafrfefr `cdf ukg rfgo nbnengíåc tfôrmneg f fbsnbgkfbtcs jf fxefpencbgo qugonjgjf. Uf vceä tfk uk jfsfdc rfgo jf jfsechrnr c ecrgíåc jg trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz f trgbsacrkgr g sug vnjg mrgígs g uk pfreursc nbnençtnec gutäbtnec, hgstg quf vceä jfseuhrg fstf sntf f ofvgbtf c vîu jg C.I.X.E. Qceä eckprffbjfrç, fbtåc, rgpnjgkfbtf quf g acbtf crnmnbgo sfkprf tfk kgns fanenäbeng quf gs erngíöfs pcstfrncrfs.
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G ZXGJNÍÅC XCUG-EXVT XCUG-EXVT Bgsenkfbtc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz C vnsecbjf Ocuns-E`grofs-Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf, kîjnec f fsctfrnstg, acn c gbnkgjcr jg prnkfnrg Xcsg-Eruz fk Zcuocusf pcr vcotg jf 706<. Fstg Zrgjníåc rfmncbgo pfrkntnu c fbecbtrc fbtrf g trgjníåc këstneg f snkhõoneg gofkå f gs `frkîtnegs ecrrfbtfs kfjntfrrèbnegs. Î gssnk quf fstgs sf nbtfmrgrgk fk sug `frgbíg ernstå fsctîrneg, gs enäbengs `frkîtnegs, goquëknegs, gstrcoõmnegs f tfôrmnegs. G Xcsg-Eruz argbefsg frg nbjfpfbjfbtf jg Kgícbgrng. Bc fbtgbtc, kuntcs jf sfus nbnengjcs fstgvgk gtnvcs fk vçrncs rntcs kgíúbnecs eck tfbjäbengs `frkîtnegs, eghgoëstnegs f fmëpengs. Fk 700:, c Kgrquäs Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fbtrcu fk ecbtgtc eck cs nrkåcs \îogjgb, quf fstgvgk onmgjcs ì trgjníåc jg Xcsg-Eruz jg qugo agogkcs. Anrknb Hcnssnb frg fbtåc c MråcKfstrf. Î jfof quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg rfefhfu g trgbsknssåc jg ecrrfbtf `frkîtneg jcs Xcsgeruzfs, ukg mrgbjf pgrtf jf sfu fbsnbgkfbtc f knssåc. Fof acn fbegrrfmgjc jf rfubnr fk ukg Crjfk, g gutäbtneg nbnengíåc Xcsg-Eruz eckpcstg jf ukg acrkgíåc tfõrneg jf qugonjgjf efbtrgjg bgs enäbengs trgjnencbgns gsscengjgs eck efrnkúbngs rntugoëstnegs jf gotg qugonjgjf f pcjfr. C ôbnec gspfetc quf pfrkgbfefu vnsëvfo jfpcns acn c fbsnbc f cs fstujcs. Xfspfntgbjc sfus eckprcknsscs, acn fk 7000 quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, fbtåc eck 8= gbcs, aubjcu a ubjcu g "Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf og Xcsf-Ercnx", (C.I.X.E.). Fssg jgtg båc acn fseco`njg gofgtcrngkfbtf. G Argtfrbnjgjf jg Xcsg+Eruz jf Curc Gofkå crnmnbcu-sf fk uk eneoc jf 777 gbcs f sfu snstfkg jf pgtfbtfs acn rfcrmgbnzgjc fk 7===. 77
Ufmunbjc gs nbstruíöfs rfefhnjgs, Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fxtfrbcu g Crjfk 777 gbcs jfpcns. Fbtrf cs kfkhrcs kgns ecb`fenjcs jg Crjrf Ighhgonstnquf jf og Xcsf-Ercnx jfssg îpceg, pcjfkcs entgr4 \gpus, \guo Gjgk, Dcoonvft-Egstfoct, Kgre @gvfb (Jr. Ogogbjf), \guo Uîjnr (^vcb Of Ocup), \nfrrf Gumustnb E`ghcsfgu, Frni Ugtnf, Fkkg Egovf, Egknoof Aogkkgrncb f kuntcs cutrcs.
Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc Jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jg Crjfk \grgjcxgokfbtf, pcuec sf sghf schrf g Crjfk Nbtfrbg. Eckc g kgncrng jf sfus rntugns pfrkgbfef jfsecb`fenjg, gomubs `nstcrngjcrfs gomukgs vfzfs juvnjgk jg bgturfzg jf sug fstruturg nbnençtneg. Kgs eckc pcjfrng tfr snjc gssnk, qugbjc ecb`fefkcs gs pfrscbgonjgjfs quf prfsnjnrgk sfu jfspfrtgr3 Zcjcs ecbecrjgk ecbecrjgk quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn g nbspnrgjcrg sferftg jgs kgns agkcsgs ecrrfbtfs cenjfbtgns f nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns kgns ecb`fenjgs. G Crjfk kgbnafstcu uk pgrgjcxc quf bcs ecoceg bg kgns purg trgjníåc fsctîrneg jc Cenjfbtf4 ukg vnsnhnonjgjf euoturgo f fspnrntugo jg Crjfk f jcs rntcs nbnençtnecs sferftcs. Acn bfstf fspërntc quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn ecbefhnjg f ecbtnbucu g sfr pfrpftugjg fxtfrbgkfbtf f nbtfrbgkfbtf. Jf uk kcjc ceuotc, sug trgjníåc acn kgbtnjg pfoc Ecoîmnc Nbvnsëvfo jcs sfns nrkåcs jg Crjfk f c \gtrngreg onjfrgbjc fstf mrupc. Jfstf pcbtc jf vnstg jg Crjfk Nbtfrbg, g suefssåc nbnbtfrruptg sfkprf acn trgbskntnjg ecbacrkf g fxnmäbeng jg Crjfk XcsgEruz crnmnbgo f bg rfmnåc quf sfkprf acn c egjnb`c jc fsctfrnskc Xcsg-Eruz4 Uujcfstf jg Argbíg. G onb`gmfk nbtfrbg î eogrg f nbfquëvceg. Eckc jnz c jntgjc, sfkprf sf rfecb`fef g çrvcrf pfocs sfus arutcs. Xfspfntgbjc c eneoc trgjnencbgo jf rfgtnvgíåc jg Crjfk, acn fk 7>>> quf g Crjfk Nbtfrbg pújf rftckgr sfu trghgo`c ceuotc. 78
Fk 8<<1, gc anbgo jf uk pfrëcjc jf gtnvgíåc jf = gbcs, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, bcvgkfbtf vnvnanegjg pfog ecbtrnhuníåc fsctîrneg, `frkftnstg, Xcsg-Eruz f Kgrtnbnstg, pújf rftckgr sugs gtnvnjgjfs, trgbskntnr bcvgkfbtf nbnengíöfs f ghrnr sfus egpëtuocs jf gecrjc eck cs prnbeëpncs nbtfrbcs jg Gumustg Argtfrbnjgjf. \rfsfbtf `cdf eckc gbtfs, sfu ofmgjc prfsfrvcu c vnmcr f g rnqufzg quf sfkprf o`f pfrkntnrgk gjgptgr-sf ì sug îpceg, nrrgjngbjc g e`gkg jf sug nbnengíåc.
Ercbcocmng jg Xcsg-Eruz
75
Onb`gmfk jcs Mrgbjfs Kfstrfs, M.\.X+E
706< Qnsecbjf Ocuns E`grofs Fjcugrj jf Ogpgssf
7018 Anrknb Hcnssnb
700: Dcsfp`nb ft Gjrnfb \îogjgb 7000 Kgrquäs jf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg 70>= Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft (Gohfrt Ague`fux) 70>= Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft (Gohfrt Ague`fux)
7><: \gpus
7>71 E`grofs Jftrf (Zfjfr)
7:
7>70 Dfgb Hrneguj
7>:0 O-K A. Mnrguj
7>6< Dfgb Hrcunooft
7>1< \gtrnei Z.
7>01 Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn
76
71
CXMGBNTGÍÅC CXMGBNTGÍÅC jg C.I.X.E. \gësfs rfprfsfbtgjcs rfprfsfbtgjcs Gbmcog, Grmfbtnbg, Hgrfnb, Hîomneg, Hfbnb, Hrgsno (+ Nbtfrbft fk \crtumuäs), Egkgröfs, Egbgjç, E`nof, Xfpôhoneg Jfkcerçtneg jc Ecbmc, Ecbmc-Hrgzzgvnoof, Ecstg jc Kgrank, Argbíg, Mrîeng, @gntn, Ntçong, Ouxfkhurmc, Ufbfmgo, Uuëíg, Xfnbc Vbnjc, FVG. Egpëtuoc Nbtfrbft (Vk Egpëtuoc nbtfrbgencbgo sf rfôbf bg Nbtfrbft pgrg fstujcs f rntugns fk \crtumuäs). \crtumu äs). Fk bfmrntc, cs pgësfs quf pcssufk Egpëtuocs. Cutrcs Egpëtuocs fståc sfbjc erngjcs.
Fstruturgs ocegns - Egpëtuocs Cs mrupcs ocegns jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz sf e`gkgk Egpëtuocs. Egpëtuocs. Fofs ecbstntufk g nbargfstruturg ocego bg qugo cs nbnengjcs sf rfôbfk pgrg rfgonzgr cs trghgo`cs rntugoëstnecs f gs nbnengíöfs. Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pcr enbec canengns prnbenpgns quf såc bckfgjcs pcr uk bôkfrc fspfeëanec jf gbcs.
Fstruturgs Nbtfrbgencbgns f Bgencbgns - G prnbenpgo gutcrnjgjf jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz î c Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg+Eruz (U.E.X + E). Î eckpcstc jf jczf pgtrngregs Xcsgeruzfs (sfns jcs qugns pfrkgbfefk sfkprf fk sfmrfjc). G Crjfk î jnrnmnjg pfoc noustrëssnkc Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsf+Ercnx (Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn), gssnstnjc pfoc Noustrëssnkc Mrgbjf E`gbefofr f pfoc Noustrf Mrgbjf \rncr. C Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg+Eruz
7=
mcvfrbg tcjg g Crjfk, bcs sfus gspfetcs nbnençtnec f ofmnsogtnvc. - Cs Mrgbjfs Ecbsfo`fnrcs såc rfspcbsçvfns pcr uk pgës, uk mrupc jf pgësfs cu uk mrupc onbmuëstnec. Fofs gssfmurgk c hck aubencbgkfbtc jg Crjfk gtrgvîs jg hcg eckubnegíåc fbtrf cs nbnengjcs, cs Egpëtuocs f c Ecbsfo`c Uuprfkc jg Xcsg + Eruz. - Cs Mrgbjfs Ecbsfo`fnrcs bgencbgns såc såc rfspcbsçvfns pcr uk pgës eck uk këbnkc jf träs egpëtuocs. - Gs nrkås f nrkåcs, quf tfbjc snjc Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz, ecbstntufk uk eëreuoc bgencbgo eck aubíöfs f rntcs prõprncs. - Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pcr enbec canengns prnbenpgns quf såc bckfgjcs pcr uk bôkfrc fspfeëanec jf gbcs. - C Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz î c canengo fbegrrfmgjc jf uk egpëtuoc. Fof f jcns cutrcs canengns jc Egpëtuoc rfefhfrgk ukg ecbsgmrgíåc rntugo fspfeëaneg rfogencbgjg ì sug aubíåc. au bíåc. Bctg4 Cs nbnengjcs såc kfkhrcs jg Crjfk quf cptgrgk pcr rfefhfr gs nbnengíöfs fk uk Egpëtuoc.
Fstruturg nbnençtneg
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\FXEVXUC NBNENÇZNEC Uchrf c pfreursc nbnençtnec Fk ukg crmgbnzgíåc gutäbtneg, cs rntcs nbnençtnecs täk uk oumgr efbtrgo. Uug pctäbeng fspnrntugo f tfôrmneg rfpcusg schrf vçrncs agtcrfs fssfbengns. Fofs jfvfk sfr ecb`fenjcs gpfbgs pfocs nbnengjcs f prgtnegjcs pfocs Canengns quf tfb`gk snjc trfnbgjcs pgrg trghgo`gr bcs pogbcs vnsëvfns f nbvnsëvfns. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf î nkpcrtgbtf, pgrg chtfr uk rfsuotgjc fk sug fvcouíåc pfsscgo f nbtfrncr, pfjnr sug nbnengíåc fk uk Egpëtuoc jg Crjfk. G nbnengíåc rfefhnjg jnrftgkfbtf pfocs Canengns jg Crjfk jfvnjgkfbtf acrkgjcs î uk prcefssc tfôrmnec egpgz jf o`f trgbskntnr ukg gdujg rfgo pgrg g trgbsacrkgíåc jf sfu sfr f jf sug vnjg! Qceä båc pcjf agzfr tujc scznb`c! G nbnengíåc î uk prcefssc tfôrmnec pcjfrcsc f rfspfntçvfo, quf vgn o`f pfrkntnr nr kgns rgpnjgkfbtf, kgns ocbmf. C prcefssc nbnençtnec î g prnkfnrg ftgpg jg Mrgbjf Chrg jf sug rfgonzgíåc. Fssf trghgo`c båc î sckfbtf snkhõonec, î cpfrgtnvc f o`f ghrnrç gs pcrtgs jc prcmrfssc bcs mrgus nbnençtnecs. Båc î ghscoutgkfbtf pfrnmcsc, bg kfjnjg fk quf vceä fstç prctfmnjc pfog pcjfrcsg fmrîmcrg jg Zrgjníåc Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Kfskc sfbjc fvnjfbtf, jfvfkcs jnzfr quf gs nbnengíöfs båc såc bfb`uk tnpc jf pgetcs eck c jnghc cu qugoqufr pctäbeng kç, gssnk eckc båc nkponegk bfb`uk sgernaëenc. Wugbjc vceä tnvfr rfefhnjc fssg nbnengíåc, pcjfrç pgrtnenpgr bgs jnafrfbtfs prçtnegs jf mrupc quf fståc gsscengjgs gc mrgu bc qugo vceä sf fbecbtrg.
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Nbnengíöfs trgbskntnjgs bcs Egpëtuocs
Gprfsfbtgíåc4 Fssf mrgu prfonknbgr ecbstntun c aubjgkfbtc kcrgo f fspnrntugo jg Crjfk. Î c prî-rfqunsntc. Bc sîeuoc 7=, uk argbeäs eck c bckf jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, acn nbnengjc bcs rntcs ceuotcs jc fsctfrnskc ernståc pcr sfu kfstrf Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Gomubs gbcs gpõs g kcrtf jfssf ôotnkc, gqufof quf acn gpfonjgjc jf « Anoõscac Jfsecb`fenjc ¹, sf gagstcu jf sfu kfstrf pgrg aubjgr ukg « pfqufbg fsecog fk \grns ¹. Fssg eckubnjgjf tnb`g pcr chdftnvc g prçtneg jf ukg fspnrntugonjgjf purg. Fof nbtfmrcu gs jcutrnbgs ceuotgs jf Kgrtnbàs ìs sugs f nbstntunu eckc ôbnec mrgu c jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc. Ugnbt-Kgrtnb fseco`fu nbstntunr ukg trgbsknssåc gbtfs jf tujc kcrgo f fspnrntugo. Zrgtgvg-sf jf rfefhfr g e`gvf quf ghrf g pcrtg nbtfrncr jg gokg pfog qugo sf eckubneg eck gs fsafrgs jc Fspërntc. Uckfbtf î bfefssçrng ukg kgbnafstgíåc jc jfsfdc, uk eckprcknssc jg gokg f uk jfspfrtgr jg vcbtgjf ecrrftg. Nssc î c quf frg c Kgrtnbnskc jgs crnmfbs. Jfsjf sug erngíåc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz Xcsg-Eru z sfkprf ecbsnjfrcu fssf mrgu eckc ukg ecbjníåc kcrgo bc pfreursc nbnençtnec. \crtgbtc, fssf mrgu î fssfbengo f aubjgkfbtgo. \grgjcxgokfbtf sõ î bfefssçrng ukg acrkgíåc tfõrneg këbnkg. Î fspnrntugo f ecbstntun uk pgssc nbtfrbc nbfvntçvfo. Jfsjf c eckfíc jf sug fxnstäbeng, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz utnonzg ukg efrnkúbng nbnençtneg jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc gsscengbjc g jnkfbsåc këstneg g uk rntugo tfôrmnec kuntc pcjfrcsc quf rfkcbtg ìs crnmfbs gutäbtnegs jc kgrtnbnskc. Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 mrgu4 1 kfsfs
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\rçtnegs f rntcs jfssf mrgu4 Jceukfbtc prfpgrgtõrnc ì nbnengíåc9 Xntugo cpfrgtnvc kgrtnbnstg9 Nbstruíöfs kgrtnbnstgs9 Xntcs jf ecbsgmrgíåc jf afrrgkfbtgs f vfstnkfbtgs rntugns9 \rçtnegs kgrtnbnstgs jc UN.
Gprfsfbtgíåc4 Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G nbnengíåc jc prnkfnrc mrgu sf fbrgëzg bg ighhgog `fhrgneg f kçmneg (prçtneg). Fssg î g hgsf jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg dujgnec-ernstå quf sf fbecbtrg pgrengokfbtf bgs fsecogs ceuotnstgs jc sîeuoc 7>. Jurgbtf c eursc jg `nstõrng, pcuecs rntcs acrgk trgbskntnjcs acrg jcs eëreuocs ighhgonstgs dujfus quf prgtnegvgk fssf tnpc jf ighhgog kçmneg. Fbtrf cs tfxtcs aubjgkfbtgns jfssg trgjníåc, träs täk uk oumgr pgrtneuogr. Zrgtg-sf jc Tc`gr, jc Ufp`fr ^ftznrg` f jc Ufp`fr @g-hg`nr. G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz båc sf onkntg gc fbsnbgkfbtc tfõrnec jfssgs chrgs. \grg gtrgvfssgr cs vîus jcs Knstîrncs sgmrgjcs f chtfr ukg vfrjgjfnrg trgbsacrkgíåc jc nbnengjc, î chrnmgtõrnc vnvfr cs rntcs nbnençtnecs jcs qugns fssfs onvrcs såc g fxprfssåc tfõrneg f pôhoneg. Î nssc quf pfrkntf fssf rntugo nbnençtnec jc 7´ mrgu. Ofkhrgkcs quf gs nbnengíöfs jf bcssg Crjfk bubeg acrgk puhonegjgs, gssnk ecbsfrvgrgk sug gutfbtnenjgjf f pctäbeng. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf sckfbtf fssf tnpc jf nbnengíåc î egpgz jf geckpgb`gr c nbnengjc gc ecrgíåc jcs Knstîrncs. Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc sfus 1 kfsfs jf acrkgíåc bc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs f prgtnegjc sfus rntcs nbjnvnjugns. Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf 88 rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk Egpëtuoc. \rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 mrgu4 Eckc fk tcjc mrgu jg Crjfk, fxnstf uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs fspnrntugns f psëqunegs fbsnbgjgs crgokfbtf bc Egpëtuoc. \frkntfk, gbtfs jf tujc, c gprcaubjgkfbtc f g gprcprngíåc jf efrtgs pgrtfs jc rntugo jf nbnengíåc. Zgkhîk ecbstntufk uk gprfbjnzgjc crgo jcs 87
sfmrfjcs jg trgjníåc gsscengjg gc mrgu. Bfssf prnkfnrc mrgu, gs prçtnegs såc fvnjfbtfkfbtf efbtrgjgs bg Ighhgog Dujgnecernstå kçmneg f prçtneg. nbnengíåc jc sfmubjc mrgu jfsvfog c ecrgíåc Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G nbnengíåc jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå gssnk eckc acn ecbstntuëjg bg Njgjf Kîjng, bg Argbíg f Ntçong. Gomubs ecb`fenkfbtcs jfrnvgjcs jc `frkftnskc acrgk gsscengjcs gc Xfbgsenkfbtc. Fk sugs chrgs, Jgbtf Gonm`nfrn, gutcr jc sîeuoc 75, arfqufbtfkfbtf gprfsfbtg jf kgbfnrg pcîtneg g trgjníåc ceuotg cenjfbtgo. Kgns fspfenanegkfbtf, sfu onvrc e`gkgjc « G Jnvnbg Eckîjng ¹ jfsvfog g fstruturg jcs kubjcs fspnrntugns f jgs `nfrgrqungs gbmîonegs trgbskntnjgs jfsjf g gbtnmunjgjf. Bõs tgkhîk sghfkcs quf cs trcvgjcrfs jg Njgjf Kîjng gssnk eckc efrtcs « Egvgofnrcs jc Zfkpoc ¹, ecbsfrvgrgk uk ecb`fenkfbtc jcs Knstîrncs gbtnmcs gsscengjcs gc fsctfrnskc ernståc kgns crnmnbgo. Ufmubjc c prcefssc jfserntc pgrg c prnkfnrc mrgu, g sfmubjg nbnengíåc sf hgsfng bfssg `frgbíg kfjnfvgo pgrg geckpgb`gr c egbjnjgtc bc egknb`c nbnençtnec jfserntc pcr Jgbtf. Nssc î c quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg f Dcsîp`nb \îogjgb fbtfbjfrgk. Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs 88 rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs f tfr tfrknbgjc g sfmubjg ftgpg jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf 58 rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk Egpëtuoc. \rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 Bfssf sfmubjc mrgu, gs prçtnegs sf rfogencbgk eck g trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå, cs knstîrncs jg fbegrbgíåc f jg gsefbsåc efofstf, cs knstîrncs gbmîonecs, g gutäbtneg Xcsg-Eruz, gssnk eckc g egvgogrng jc tfkpoc.
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Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G Gprfsfbtgíåc4 G nbnengíåc jc tfrefnrc mrgu jfsvfog uk gspfetc hfk pcuec ecb`fenjc jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå. Ecbstntun g crnmfk jc quf acn jfsvfogjc bg Njgjf Kîjng, gsscengjc ì Ighhgog gc Xfbgsenkfbtc f quf jfu bgsenkfbtc gc ceuotnskc bg Argbíg jc sîeuoc 7>. Fbtrf cs sîeuocs 7 f 6, vçrngs ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs ernstås sf jfsfbvcovfrgk bc Fmntc f fk kuntcs pgësfs jc Crnfbtf Kîjnc. Båc agogkcs gqun jgs rferngíöfs mbõstnegs jc sîeuoc 7>, snkpofs eõpngs jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg rckgbg, kgs jgs fsecogs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns. Kuntgs jfogs nbecrpcrgrgk ecb`fenkfbtcs kçmnecs f rfonmncscs jgs trgjníöfs prî-ernstås. Ufus rntcs f sfmrfjcs acrgk kuntc nbtfrfssgbtfs f pcjfrcscs. Î sfk jôvnjg pcr fssg rgzåc quf g kgncrng jfssfs mrupcs acrgk fonknbgjcs pfog nmrfdg ernstå fxctîrneg quf ecb`fefkcs `cdf. Fkhcrg efrtc bôkfrc jf tfxtcs acn rfefbtfkfbtf jfsechfrtc, î fxtrfkgkfbtf jnaëeno fstujç-ocs f fbtfbjfr sfu aubencbgkfbtc rntugo. Fbtrftgbtc, fssg tfrefnrg nbnengíåc jç g pcssnhnonjgjf jf rfefhfr fssf ecb`fenkfbtc crnmnbgo bgqunoc quf tfk jf kgns gutäbtnec. G acbtf crnmnbgo jg mbcsf sf tcrbg fbtåc gefssëvfo, jfsvfogbjc g vfrjgjfnrg bgturfzg jg trgjníåc quf jfu bgsenkfbtc ì XcsgEruz. Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 C mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs 58 rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs f tfr tfrknbgjc g qunbtg ftgpg jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. Jurgíåc jc mrgu4 Ecbdubtc jf :< rfubnöfs prçtnegs fk Egpëtuoc. \rçtnegs gsscengjgs g fssf mrgu4 mrgu4 Bfssf tfrefnrc mrgu, gs prçtnegs jnzfk rfspfntc g efrtgs trgjníöfs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns, c ernstngbnskc crnmnbgo, gs trgjníöfs mbõstnegs kfjnfvgns eckc c egtgrnskc. Jnafrfbtfs e`gvfs ceuotgs vnbjgs jf trgjníöfs prîernstås såc tgkhîk fbsnbgjgs.
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Gprfsfbtgíåc4 Cs \gtrngregs X+E såc nrkåcs f nrkås quf sfmunrgk c pfreursc jcs qugtrc mrgus jg Crjfk, rfefhfrgk g nbnengíåc jf Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz (rfspcbsçvfo jf Egpëtuoc) quf gtnbmnrgk c tfrefnrc sgefrjõenc jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. Fssg ecbsgmrgíåc trgbskntf g gutcrnjgjf sgefrjctgo gssnk eckc acn nbstntuëjg bg trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå crnmnbgo. Xfefpíåc jc mrgu4 mrgu4 C egbjnjgtc jfvf tfr eckpoftgjc gs :< rfubnöfs prçtnegs jc mrgu gbtfrncr, kfkcrnzgjc sugs nbstruíöfs f tfr tfrknbgjc c sfmubjc sgefrjõenc jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. \rçtnegs4 Cs fstujcs f prçtnegs gecbtfefk fk träs bëvfns. C \gtrngreg trghgo`g prnkfnrc bc eëreuoc ceuotc jcs \gtrngregs Xcsg-Eruz. Fof tgkhîk rfgonzg uk trghgo`c nbjnvnjugo rfmuogr rfsuotgbtf jgs ecbsgmrgíöfs sgefrjctgns rfefhnjgs. Fof tgkhîk fstç fk rfogíåc fstrfntg f rfmuogr eck uk nbnengjc kgns fxpfrnfbtf quf c geckpgb`g bcs fxfreëencs fspnrntugns aubjgkfbtgns. \grgofogkfbtf ì prçtneg jnçrng jf sfus jfvfrfs fspnrntugns, fof î prfpgrgjc ì rfgonzgíåc jgs mrgbjfs cpfrgíöfs tfôrmnegs jf nbvcegíåc jcs sfrfs jf ouz.
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G CHXG JC EG\ËZVOC EG\ËZVOC Gprfsfbtgíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc Vk egpëtuoc î uk gmrupgkfbtc ocego jf kfkhrcs nbnengjcs jg Crjfk. Fofs sf rfôbfk fk uk ocego fspfengokfbtf prfpgrgjc pgrg g prçtneg jcs rntcs prnvgjcs. Vk Egpëtuoc î jnrnmnjc pfocs nbnengjcs quf täk c bckf jf Canengns. Uåc bfefssçrncs enbec pgrg ecbstntunr uk Egpëtuoc. Fssf î jnrnmnjc pcr uk Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz, bckfgjc pgrg ukg jurgíåc fspfeëaneg. Cs träs Canengns prnbenpgns rfefhfk ukg ecbsgmrgíåc f ukg nbnengíåc prõprngs g sfu pgpfo nbnençtnec. Î aubjgkfbtgo quf cs quf trgbskntfk ukg nbnengíåc f gs prçtnegs tfb`gk rfefhnjc ukg gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo vfrjgjfnrg. Fssg ôotnkg jfrnvg jnrftgkfbtf jf ukg egjfng jf trgbsknssåc ceuotg, eckc î c egsc trgjnencbgokfbtf. Fssfs Canengns tgkhîk såc nbnengjcs quf täk ukg fxpfrnäbeng rfecb`fenjg pfog `nfrgrqung jg Crjfk. Fog cs trfnbg pgrg sug tgrfag f mgrgbtf rfmuogrkfbtf g hcg prçtneg jcs rntugns.
G chrg jc Egpëtuoc C pgpfo jf uk Egpëtuoc î trgbskntnr gs nbnengíöfs rntugns, cs fbsnbgkfbtcs crgns f gs prçtnegs psëqunegs. Bõs jfserfvfkcs cs jnafrfbtfs mrgus jc pfreursc nbnençtnec fk cutrg pçmnbg. Fssgs nbnengíöfs såc trgbskntnjgs jurgbtf efrnkúbngs prnvgjgs, quf cecrrfk bc tfkpoc jc Egpëtuoc. Gs rfubnöfs rntugns såc crmgbnzgjgs crm gbnzgjgs rfmuogrkfbtf fk tcjcs cs mrgus. Fogs rfôbfk gs nrkås f nrkåcs quf rfefhfrgk g nbnengíåc jfssf mrgu. Mfrgokfbtf, ukg rfubnåc kfbsgo ghrf bc prnkfnrc mrgu, fbqugbtc quf ukg sfmubjg rfubnåc î crmgbnzgjg gotfrbgjgkfbtf bc sfmubjc f tfrefnrc mrgus. Ecbsfqufbtfkfbtf cs nbnengjcs jc prnkfnrc mrgu sf rfôbfk 86
ukg vfz pcr käs, fbqugbtc cs nbnengjcs jc sfmubjc f tfrefnrc mrgus sf rfôbfk jugs vfzfs pcr käs. Vkg rfubnåc jf mrgu nbeoun uk rntugo jf ghfrturg f jf afe`gkfbtc fk rfogíåc jnrftg eck g nbnengíåc ecrrfspcbjfbtf. Bfb`ukg jnseussåc gjknbnstrgtnvg î gutcrnzgjg bc fspgíc sgmrgjc jc tfkpoc. Fbtrf fssgs jugs sfquäbengs rntugns, fstujcs snkhõonecs f fspnrntugns såc prcpcstcs gcs nbnengjcs. Gs prçtnegs såc trgbskntnjgs crgokfbtf pfoc Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz f prgtnegjgs nkfjngtgkfbtf fk mrupc bc tfkpoc. Fssf î uk fofkfbtc fssfbengo f aubjgkfbtgo. Fssgs prçtnegs fståc fk rfogíåc jnrftg eck g nbnengíåc jc mrgu f fk sfmunjg såc utnonzçvfns nbjnvnjugokfbtf. Fssgs egrgetfrëstnegs agzfk jc trghgo`c bc Egpëtuoc uk kfnc jf gprcaubjgkfbtc jg nbnengíåc rfefhnjg. Fssf prcefjnkfbtc pfrkntf quf egjg nbnengjc ecbtnbuf sug chrg pfsscgo jf gpfrafnícgkfbtc f tcrbf egpgz jf trgbsacrkgr sug vnjg pfog utnonzgíåc jgs e`gvfs prçtnegs rfefhnjgs. Fkhcrg c gprfbjnzgjc nbtfofetugo sfdg ôtno, gpfbgs uk trghgo`c nbtfrbc î egpgz jf ecbjuznr rgpnjgkfbtf g ukg vfrjgjfnrg fvcouíåc nbjnvnjugo.
Erngíåc jf uk Egpëtuoc Cs Egpëtuocs såc rfmuogrkfbtf erngjcs pgrg jgr g cpcrtubnjgjf gcs kfkhrcs jf rfefhfr gs nbnengíöfs, gs prçtnegs psëqunegs f cs fbsnbgkfbtcs crgns. \grg pcjfr erngr uk u k Egpëtuoc, hgstg sfr kfkhrc jg Crjfk f rfefhfr g nbnengíåc fk uk Egpëtuoc fxnstfbtf. Fssg erngíåc sfmuf uk prcefjnkfbtc snkpofs f trgjnencbgo, jf gecrjc eck gs nbjnegíöfs trgbskntnjgs pfog `nfrgrqung jg Crjfk.
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GXE@NECBAXÎXNF GXE@NECBAXÎXNF JF NFUE@CVG@ Nbtrcjuíåc Î nkpcrtgbtf ofkhrgr jf träs ecnsgs fssfbengns4 7- C ecrgíåc jg Ighhgog ernstå î g rfvfogíåc jg bgturfzg f pgpfo jf Nfse`cug`. 8- G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz acn g prnkfnrg Crjfk Xcsg-Eruz kcjfrbg g fxnstnr. - G fssäbeng jc kcvnkfbtc Xcsg-Eruz î rfonmncsg, tgbtc pfog trgbsknssåc gutäbtneg jf pcjfr jfbtrc jf sug onb`gmfk, eckc pfocs rntcs quf pcssun. G Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug` î uk mrupc jf `ckfbs f jf kuo`frfs quf rfefhfrgk fssg trgbsknssåc ceuotg jcs këstnecs ernståcs, cs sgergkfbtcs nbtfrbcs jg onb`gmfk rfonmncsg jg ighhgog ernstå f quf sf ecocegrgk sch g gotg prctfíåc jf Nfse`cug`. Båc î bfefssçrnc dç sfr kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz pgrg nbtfmrgr g Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. Zcjgvng, c pfreursc nbnençtnec jg C.I.X.E. fstç onmgjc ì prcmrfssåc jc nbnengjc bg Gre`necbarîrnf.
Crnmfk jg Gre`necbarîrnf Gre`necbarîrnf Zcjcs sghfk quf g onb`gmfk ceuotg jcs Noustrfs Mrgbjf \gtrngregs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î ecbstntuëjg jf këstnecs f rfonmncscs quf acrgk rfspcbsçvfns pcr vçrngs nmrfdgs ecb`fenjgs. ecb`fenjgs. Fssg suefssåc mgrgbtnu ukg trgbsknssåc ecbtëbug jg gutcrnjgjf f jcs pcjfrfs sgefrjctgns f ceuotcs onmgjcs g Nfse`cug`. F fog quf fstç prfsfbtf bg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`. Î bfefssçrnc båc g eckpgrgr ìs erngíöfs
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kgrtnbnstgs kgns rfefbtfs fk quf gs fspnrntugonjgjfs ernstås båc ecb`fefk gs e`gvfs ceuotgs jg ighhgog ernstå.
Fstruturg G Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug` fstç fstruturgjg sfmubjc 6 pctäbengs ceuotgs e`gkgjgs « ftgpgs ¹, 5 mrgus jf gutcrnjgjf e`gkgjcs « sgefrjõencs ¹ f 7 eëreuoc ceuotc eudc bckf båc î gqun rfvfogjc. C No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î fbegrrfmgjc jnrftc jfssg onb`gmfk. Î fof quf prfpgrg cs fofkfbtcs bfefssçrncs ì trgbsknssåc quf î jnrnmnjg gcs suponegbtfs.
Ecbvntf Bõs fstgkcs pfrsugjnjcs quf sf vceä oä fssgs pgogvrgs, î pcrquf ukg vcz nbtfrncr c muncu pgrg g gutäbtneg Ighhgog ernstå, quf î rfonmncsg f ceuotg! Fssg fstç sfkprf prfsfbtf f vceä pcjf rfefhfr g gutcrnjgjf f cs pcjfrfs. Fssfs kujgråc sug fxnstäbeng fk tcjcs cs pogbcs pgrg goegbígr uk fstgjc jf jfspfrtgr gvgbígjc. \grg rfspfntgr gs rfmrgs ceuotgs jf bcssg trgjníåc, c bôkfrc jf suponegbtfs fxtfrncrfs gjkntnjcs ì Crjfk î onkntgjc g uk bôkfrc prfensc pcr gbc jf Nfse`cug`. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf î fssfbengo båc fspfrgr sf vceä fstnvfr nbtfrfssgjc. Uf vceä qunsfr sghfr kgns, fserfvg-bcs bc fbjfrfíc jg Crjfk. Bõs fbtåc c fbvngrfkcs g gprfsfbtgíåc eckpoftg jg Gre`necbarîrnf, c acrkuoçrnc ecbanjfbengo jf sôponeg, gssnk eckc gs ecbjníöfs bfefssçrngs.
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AXGZFXBNJGJF JCU HCBU @CKFBU Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf fstç fbrgnzgjg bc Uuo jg Argbíg, rfmnåc jf bgsenkfbtc jf bcssg Crjfk. Gomukgs onb`gmfbs mbõstnegs trgjnencbgns, fspfengokfbtf c egtgrnskc, sf jfsfbvcovfrgk jurgbtf g îpceg kfjnfvgo. Fssg rfonmnåc aocrfsefu bfssg rfmnåc arfqufbtfkfbtf e`gkgjg jf Ogbmufjce, fk mrgbjf pgrtf onkntgjg pfoc kgr Kfjntfrrèbfc, cs \nrnbfus f cs rncs Mgrcbbf, Zgrb f X`úbf. Fssg î g gtugo rfmnåc argbefsg jg Ceentgbg (cu gnbjg gs gbtnmgs rfmnöfs argbefsgs jc Ogbmufjce-Xcussnoocb f \nrfbfus). C egtgrnskc jfsgpgrfefu jc kubjc vnsëvfo, fxtfrknbgjc pfogs eruzgjgs onjfrgjgs pfoc pcjfr rfgo f nbentgjgs pfog nmrfdg jf Xckg. Î nbfmçvfo quf g kfkõrng jc egtgrnskc pfrkgbfef vnvg bc fspërntc jcs `ghntgbtfs jfssg rfmnåc. \grg cs nbnengjcs jg XcsgEruz, fssg trgjníåc mbõstneg schrfvnvfu sch vçrngs acrkgs f gnbjg fstç prfsfbtf fk vçrngs sfquäbengs rntugns jf bcssg Crjfk. Î c kfskc pgrg vçrngs ecbefpíöfs tfcoõmnegs vnbjgs jfssg rfonmnåc eçtgrg.
Eçtgrcs4 cs purcs G pgogvrg "eçtgrc" vfk jg pgogvrg mrfmg igt`grcs quf quf snmbnaneg "cs purcs". Uugs crnmfbs såc uk tgbtc knstfrncsgs, fkhcrg `gdg rgzöfs pgrg gerfjntgr quf sugs njfngs vnfrgk jg \îrsng cu jc Nkpîrnc Hnzgbtnbc, pgssgbjc pfocs Hgoeås f bcrtf jg Ntçong. Cs jceukfbtcs jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg rckgbg cs kfbencbgk sch bckfs jnafrfbtfs f fk jnvfrscs ocegns.
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Eckc Jugonstgs, cs Eçtgrcs gerfjntgvgk fk jcns prnbeëpncs, uk jfus hck f sfu gjvfrsçrnc jnghõonec (quf pcjfrng sf gprcxnkgr jc Ugtå jc Ernstngbnskc jcknbgbtf). C prnbeëpnc hck tnb`g erngjc c kubjc fspnrntugo nkgtfrngo, quf frg fssfbengokfbtf pfrkgbfbtf f nkutçvfo. C prnbeëpnc kgu, tfkpcrçrnc f pfrfeëvfo. Cs eçtgrcs sf e`gkgvgk snkpofskfbtf ernståcs. Ufus vnznb`cs cs jnstnbmungk eckc « hcbs ernståcs ¹. G nmrfdg egtõoneg cs jfsnmbgvg Gohnmfbsfs cu cu Eçtgrcs . Cs eçtgrcs kgbtnb`gk ukg `nfrgrqung jg nmrfdg f prgtnegrgk uk ecbdubtc jf efrnkúbngs rfonmncsgs. Fofs sf jnvnjngk fk erfbtfs eckubs f fk fseco`njcs pcrtgbjc c bckf jf \frafntcs (`ckfbs) f \frafntgs (kuo`frfs) ofvgbjc vnjgs fxtrfkgkfbtf gseîtnegs. Cs eçtgrcs gerfjntgvgk bg rffbegrbgíåc f cs pfrafntcs frgk gpgrfbtfkfbtf vfmftgrngbcs. Zgkhîk frgk e`gkgjcs « hcbs `ckfbs ¹, nssc sf gponegbjc tgbtc gcs `ckfbs eckc ìs kuo`frfs. Uug jcutrnbg frg pcr vfzfs surprffbjfbtf pgrg g îpceg, fofs ecbsnjfrgvgk, pcr fxfkpoc, quf cs `ckfbs f kuo`frfs såc nmugns.
Bcssg argtfrbnjgjf Fssf mrupc rfôbf `ckfbs cu kuo`frfs quf båc såc bfefssgrngkfbtf kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz. Fssf mrupc fstç sch c pgtrceëbnc jg C.I.X.E. f î supfrvnsncbgjc pfoc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz. Cs chdftnvcs jg argtfrbnjgjf såc cs sfmunbtfs4 - Vtnonzgr g crgíåc pgrg gdujgr fspnrntugokfbtf cs quf fståc prfensgbjc, eckfígbjc pfocs kfkhrcs jg argtfrbnjgjf f sug agkëong. - Jfsfbvcovfr sfu ecb`fenkfbtc jc mbcstnenskc fk mfrgo f jc egtgrnskc fk pgrtneuogr. \grg nssc, ukg hnhonctfeg jf onvrcs f grtnmcs fstç gefssëvfo gcs kfkhrcs bc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc.
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Uf eckprckftfr g rfspfntgr gs rfmrgs kcrgns aubjgkfbtgns jc egtgrnskc. Fbtrf cs pcbtcs fssfbengns rfecrjgkcs4 vnvfr `cbfstgkfbtf sfk jnzfr kfbtnrgs, båc eckftfr gssgssnbgtc, båc agzfr kgo, jfsfbvcovfr g vfrjgjfnrg `uknojgjf f c rfspfntc pfocs cutrcs. Ufus pcbtcs aubjgkfbtgns såc chvngkfbtf jnseutnjcs bc èkhntc jg argtfrbnjgjf. Kfjntgr cs onvrcs jf rfafräbeng quf g trgjníåc bcs ofmcu.
\grg ecbsfmunr nssc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz o`f prcpöf quf sf dubtf ì « argtfrbnjgjf jcs hcbs `ckfbs ¹. Fbtåc vceä pcjfrç4 ∘ \uhonegr pfjnjcs jf gssnstäbeng fspnrntugo pgrg cs qugns g
argtfrbnjgjf crg ubnjg qugtrc vfzfs pcr käs sfbjc ukg vfz jnrftgkfbtf pfog Nbtfrbft. Vk snstfkg jf vnjfcecbafräbeng î utnonzgjc pgrg nssc. Qceä pcjfrç fbtåc puhonegr pfjnjcs pgrg sn f sug agkëong a gkëong prõxnkg.
∘ Gefssgr g hnhonctfeg jg Crjfk bc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc
gssnk eckc rntugns eçtgrcs.
∘ Xfefhfr fk sug rfsnjäbeng g eruz jg argtfrbnjgjf
ghfbícgjg pfocs Mrgbjf Canengns jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, geckpgb`gjg pcr sfu egrtåc jf kfkhrc f ukg eõpng jc durgkfbtc g prcbubengr.
∘ \grg cs nrkåcs cu nrkås quf jfsfdgrfk, pcjfråc nr gc mrgu
jf « \frafntc ¹ cu « \frafntg ¹, gpõs tfr sfmunjc uk gseftnskc fspfeëanec f tfr gjqunrnjc cs ecb`fenkfbtcs bfefssçrncs. \grg sf dubtgr ì argtfrbnjgjf, hgstg fbvngr sug pgrtnenpgíåc pgrg c fbvnc pcstgo jg kfjgo`g f jceukfbtcs nkprfsscs. Jfpcns jnssc, ukg jcgíåc gbugo onvrf î bfefssçrng pgrg sf kgbtfr kfkhrc jg argtfrbnjgjf f jgr supcrtf ì sug chrg.
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Cs pfrafntcs jgbjc sug häbíåc
Kcbsîmur, gotc ocego ocego Eçtgrc bc suo jg Argbíg 58
@FXGBÍG jg C.I.X.E. Jurgbtf sug `nstõrng, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz nbtfmrcu gs kgns nkpcrtgbtfs anongíöfs onmgjgs ì trgjníåc fsctîrneg mbõstneg f ernstå. Fssg `frgbíg pcjfrng tfr pfrkgbfenjc uk snkpofs ecbsfrvgtõrnc nkõvfo. Uch c nkpuosc jf sfu gtugo Mrgbjf \gtrngreg X+E, bcssg trgjníåc rfvntgonzcu cs jnafrfbtfs eckpcbfbtfs quf agz uk fxfkpoc ôbnec bc Cenjfbtf. Wufr sf trgtf jc mbcstnenskc crnmnbgo, jg Egvgogrng, jg XcsgEruz, jg ighhgog, cu jc kgrtnbnskc, gs anongíöfs kgns rfspfntçvfns f gutäbtnegs acrgk rfubnjgs fk bcssg Crjfk. \crtgbtc, fogs såc prgtnegjgs f ecbafrnjgs gc nbnengjc jurgbtf sfu pfreursc nbnençtnec.
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G MBCUF CXNMNBGO C Mbcstnenskc î uk kcvnkfbtc `frîtnec nkpcrtgbtf jg Nmrfdg ernstå jc sîeuoc 8, pgrengokfbtf jf crnmfk prî-ernstå. Qçrngs fsecogs mbõstnegs fbsnbgrgk quf c kubjc kgtfrngo acn erngjc f jnrnmnjc pcr ukg fkgbgíåc jnvnbg kfbcr jc Jfus kgns fofvgjc, c jfknurmc, fbefrrgbjc g efbtfo`g jnvnbg bc ecrpc `ukgbc. Fssg efbtfo`g jnvnbg pcjf sfr onhfrgjg pfog Mbcsf f g gssnstäbeng jc Ernstc. C Mbcstnenskc î uk bckf kcjfrbc quf snmbnaneg ftnkcocmnegkfbtf "pcssunr c ecb`fenkfbtc." Gs njfngs f cs snstfkgs mbõstnecs sf jfsfbvcovfrgk bc kubjc kfjntfrrèbfc jurgbtf c sfmubjc sîeuoc jf bcssg frg, fk ecbdubíåc f sch g nbaouäbeng jcs prnkfnrcs kcvnkfbtcs Ernståcs. Qçrncs gspfetcs jg trgjníåc pogtúbneg jfssg kfskg îpceg såc fbecbtrgjcs knsturgjcs. Jfpcns jc sîeuoc 8, eckfícu uk jfeoëbnc, kgs c Mbcstnenskc schrfvnvfu pfocs sîeuocs jfbtrc jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. Fbtåc fof rfssurmnu jurgbtf g Njgjf Kîjng, bc Uujcfstf jg Argbíg f Bcrtf jg Ntçong. Î nbfmçvfo quf vçrngs fsecogs mbõstnegs bg gbtnmunjgjf frgk ecbsnjfrgjgs eckc `frîtnegs pfoc pcjfr rfonmncsc quf sf tcrbcu g nmrfdg egtõoneg f g nmrfdg crtcjcxg. Fssgs fsecogs acrgk gtgegjgs f anbgokfbtf fonknbgjgs. Acn c kfskc jurgbtf g Njgjf Kîjng pgrg cs Eçtgrcs, quf tgkhîk acrgk fxtfrknbgjcs sch g crjfk jc pgpgjc. Cs Xcsg-Eruz jc sîeuoc 7> g nbtfmrgrgk g cutrgs bcíöfs mbõstnegs jfecrrfbtfs jgs jfsechfrtgs grqufcoõmnegs f rfvfogíöfs fspnrntugns. @cdf, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz ecbtnbucu fssg chrg hgsfgbjc-sf bcs fvgbmfo`cs, trgtgjcs f rntcs mbõstnecs pfrtfbefbtfs g fssg kfskg trgjníåc.
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Î açeno fbtfbjfr quf c fsctfrnskc ernståc sf hgsfng bfssg acbtf crnmnbgo jfsfbvcovnjg bc Fmntc fbtrf cs sîeuocs 7 f 6. Uåc kuntc rgrgs gs Crjfbs nbnençtnegs quf trgbskntfk fssf ecb`fenkfbtc sch g acrkg jf rntcs nbnençtnecs. Bc fbtgbtc, ocbmf jf sf onkntgr g fssg fxpfrnäbeng nbtfrncr fssfbengo, bcssg Crjfk fbsnbg gc kfskc tfkpc gs prçtnegs sferftgs f g jcutrnbg mbõstneg. Fogs ecbstntufk ukg pgrtf aubjgkfbtgo jg Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz f ghrfk gc rffbecbtrc këstnec eck Nfse`cug`, c Ernstc.
G IGHHGOG EXNUZÅ Ftnkcocmnegkfbtf g pgogvrg Ighhgog snmbnaneg snkpofskfbtf "trgjníåc" f sug rgnz `fhrgneg "rfefhfr". Nssc nbjneg quf jnvfrsgs trgjníöfs rfefhfrgk c quf pcjfrng sf qugonanegr jf rfvfogíåc crgo f fserntg. Fssf acn c egsc pgrg c pcvc `fhrfu.
Bgsenkfbtc jg Ighhgog Fssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg acn trgbskntnjg g pgrtnr jf Kcnsîs g Dcs`ug, sfmunjc pfocs Duëzfs f jfpcns cs Xfns. (Bõs pcjfkcs sfmunr fssg trgjníåc bg prõprng Hëhong). C Ugefrjctf jc Zfkpoc tnb`g fssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg fk jfpõsntc, kgs ìs vfzfs prfensgvg jg gdujg jcs Duëzfs f \rcaftgs pgrg supfrgr gs jnaneuojgjfs jf trgbsknssåc. Fvnjfbtfkfbtf c tfxtc acn pfrafntg f anfokfbtf trgbskntnjc, gnbjg quf arfqufbtfkfbtf jf acrkg ontfrgo. C scprc jc fspërntc frg, pcrtgbtc, bfefssçrnc pgrg kgbtfr g `frgbíg jfssg rfvfogíåc gtrgvîs jf uk tnpc jf ecbtnbunjgjf jc ecbtgtc eck Jfus. Cs \rcaftgs mgrgbtnrgk fssg aubíåc jg kfskg acrkg quf cs crçeuocs jg gbtnmunjgjf rfefhngk g kfbsgmfk jnvnbg quf tfstfkub`gvg fssg rfgonjgjf trgbsefbjfbtf. Kgs kfskc bfssf egsc, cs eckfbtçrncs cu gutcrnjgjfs tnb`gk jnaneuojgjf fk jfnxgr c tfxtc ontfrgo pgrg sf fofvgr gc eckfbtçrnc këstnec cu fspnrntugo jc tfxtc crnmnbgo. C knstnenskc sfkprf acn ukg pgrtf fssfbengo jg vnjg fspnrntugo 56
dujgneg. G trgjníåc sumfrf acrtfkfbtf quf g acbtf acn c prõprnc Ghrgåc. @cdf fk jng î eckuk ganrkgr quf g Ighhgog sf gponeg fxeousnvgkfbtf g uk ecbdubtc jf ontfrgturg fsctîrneg quf fkfrmnu bg Fspgb`g kfjnfvgo f bc Uujfstf jg Argbíg, fk \rcvfbíg. G pgrtnr jgë ecbtnbug g sf fxpgbjnr. Î efrtc quf `ç jcns kno gbcs cs rghnbcs jc Zgokuj båc usgrgk u sgrgk fssg pgogvrg, kgs agogvgk jf "bnstgr", quf ecrrfspcbjf gc kubjc sferftc jg Zcrç, quf fstgbjc fk pgrgofoc eck c "bnmog`", nstc î, c quf î rfvfogjc. Bc fbtgbtc, gs rgëzfs jfssg trgjníåc vcotgk nbfqunvcegkfbtf hfk kgns ocbmf f gtî kgns efrtgkfbtf bgs rfonmnöfs pgmås jg Hghnoúbng. G trgjníåc dujgneg sf gprcprncu jf ukg pgrtf jfssg `frgbíg, gjgptgbjc g sfus tfxtcs sgmrgjcs. Fssfs pfrëcjcs jg `nstõrng jg rfonmnåc dujgneg acrgk tfkpcs jf ecbaontcs sfetçrncs. Eckc qugoqufr îpceg jfssf tnpc, acrgk gc kfskc tfkpc rnecs fk rfaofxöfs tfcoõmnegs vnbjgs jf vçrncs mrupcs f sfntgs. Cs rghnbcs quf rfjnmnrgk c Zgokuj fstgvgk tfbtgbjc kgbtfr efrtg crtcjcxng f frgk chvngkfbtf egutfocscs jf qugoqufr jfsvnc jfkgsngjc sfetçrnc. Fofs fbtåc sf rfafrnrgk g fssg këstneg pfoc bckf mfbîrnec jf Kg'gsf` Kfrigvg. C Zgokuj nbsnstf bc agtc quf c quf jnz rfspfntc g fssf ecb`fenkfbtc båc jfvfrng sfr fbsnbgjc ìs kgssgs, kgs sckfbtf gcs quf täk kgturnjgjf bfefssçrng g fssf fstujc. \cjf-sf jnzfr quf sf trgtg jg acbtf jc quf sfrç uk pcuec kgns tgrjf e`gkgjc jf ighhgog. Uåc nbjnegjgs vçrngs fxpfrnäbengs këstnegs bc Zgokuj, pcr fxfkpoc, g jc Xghnbc Unkcb Hgr ^ce`gn, kgs båc `ç kfbíåc jf uk onvrc quf fof tfb`g fserntc. Î bfssf kckfbtc quf fbtrg bg `nstõrng c Ufafr ^ftznrg`, prnkfnrc onvrc fxponentgkfbtf ighhgonstg. Fof gpgrfef fbtrf cs sîeuocs 5 f :. Zcjcs cs fspfengonstgs båc fståc jf gecrjc schrf c agtc quf c quf pcssuëkcs `cdf sfdg c quf î kfbencbgjc bc Zgokuj, kgs bgjg pgrfef nbvgonjgr nssc.
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Fssg chrg bcs kcstrg pfog prnkfnrg vfz ukg kgbfnrg jnafrfbtf jf vfr Jfus f sugs rfogíöfs eck cs `ckfbs `ckfbs f c kubjc. C goaghftc `fhrgnec î gqun fvcegjc eckc guxnongr jg erngíåc (c quf tgkhîk vfkcs bc Tc`gr). Gs ecrrfspcbjäbengs fbtrf gs pgrtfs jc ecrpc, cs gstrcs, cs kfsfs jc gbc, cs kftgns, fte. såc jf nkpcrtèbeng prnkcrjngo. Fssg trgjníåc jfsfbvcovfu prçtnegs f rntcs kuntc nbtfrfssgbtfs. Votrgpgssgbjc g ecrrfbtf `fhrgneg, cs rntcs nbnençtnecs jfssg ftgpg sf fbecbtrgråc, pcr fxfkpoc, bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, gpõs tfr snjc trgbskntnjcs pfocs ighhgonstgs ernståcs f gs ecrrfbtfs `frkftnstgs jg XcsgEruz. Eckc vfrfkcs gjngbtf, fssfs ecb`fenkfbtcs såc `frgbígs jg gbtnmg trgjníåc `fofbnstg, pntgmõrneg f bfcpogtúbneg. Nssc sfrç fxponegjc ghubjgbtf f hrno`gbtfkfbtf pfocs ighhgonstgs ernståcs. Cs fserntcs sfmunbtfs kgns snmbnanegtnvcs acrgk c Ufafr Xgznfo cu "c onvrc jc gbdc Xgznfo", c Ufafr Hg`nr cu "c onvrc jg nouknbgíåc"), f c Tc`gr cu "onvrc jg ouz hrno`gbtf". Jf efrtg kgbfnrg fofs acrgk cs pnogrfs jfssg trgjníåc ceuotg. Ufmubjc gomukgs acbtfs, c Tc`gr acn jfsechfrtc pcr Kcnsîs jf Ofcb, quf vnvfu pcr vcotg jf 78>< bg Fspgb`g. Kgs î gtrnhuëjc gc Xghn U`nkcb Hgr ^ce`gã, c Xgs`hn, goubc jc Xghn Ginvg quf tfrng fserntc fssf ecbdubtc jf tfxtcs dç bc tfrefnrc sîeuoc. Acn jfpcns jg egpturg f prnsåc jc Xghn Ginvg quf Xghn U`nkcb Hgr ^ce`gn vnvfu fk ukg mrutg eck sfu ano`c pcr trfzf gbcs. Fof sgnu jfssf rftnrc tfbjc fserntc fssf Onvrc jc Fspofbjcr quf anecu pfrjnjc jurgbtf jfz sîeuocs. Kcnsîs jf Ofcb c rfjfsechrnu f puhonecu. Fssf tfxtc jc Tc`gr î uk ecbdubtc jf vçrncs vcoukfs jf eckfbtçrncs schrf g Zcrç (ecbdubtc jcs enbec prnkfnrcs tfxtcs jg Hëhong). Ufu fstnoc ecbtrgstg eck cs eckfbtçrncs mfrgokfbtf kuntc rgencbgonstgs. G pgrtnr jgë fof sf tcrbg c tfxtc jf rfafräbeng jfsfbvcovfbjc g sghfjcrng jg ighhgog. Bc ank jc sîeuoc trfzf cs dujfus ecb`fefrgk uk pfrëcjc nbstçvfo f pfrnmcsc bg Fspgb`g. Nssc båc nkpfjnu mrgbjfs këstnecs eckc Ghuogang jf prfmgr g tcofrèbeng f g ghfrturg jf fspërntc, fserfvfbjc chrgs jf mrgbjf prcaubjnjgjf. Fk 5=
sfmunjg cs dujfus acrgk fxpuoscs jg Fspgb`g f efrtc bôkfrc sf rfaumncu fk Ugafj bg Mgonofng. Acn oç quf gpgrfefu ukg bcvg fsecog jf ighhgonstgs. Jurgbtf fssg îpceg, g ighhgog sf jfsfbvcovfu fk uk oumgr fk quf cs dujfus f ernståcs gnbjg vnvgk fk hcg nbtfonmäbeng, g \rcvfbíg. Fssg envnonzgíåc fxtrgcrjnbçrng gnbjg båc tnb`g ecb`fenjc gs eruzgjgs quf nrngk jfstruë-og jfanbntnvgkfbtf. Cs eurscs fbtåc frgk jgjcs onvrfkfbtf bgs vçrngs ubnvfrsnjgjfs jc Ogbmufjce, nbjfpfbjfbtfkfbtf jgs ecbanssöfs jcs prcafsscrfs. Chrgs anocsõanegs vnbjgs jf jnafrfbtfs ecrrfbtfs fspnrntugns f anocsõanegs nbeounbjc c Nsoå acrgk trgjuznjgs. Gvnefbg, Gvfrrcfs f Kgnkúbnjfs aurgk fbtåc puhonegjcs f fstujgjcs pgrg g kgncr moõrng jc fspërntc `ukgbc. Jfvfkcs fbagtnzgr quf acn tgkhîk bc Ogbmufjce (Uuo jg Argbíg) quf sf rfvfocu gomubs sîeuocs kgns tgrjf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Bc sîeuoc 71, fk Ugafj, c Xghn Nsgge N sgge Ocurng gssnk eckc vçrncs ighhgonstgs prcssfmunrgk c trghgo`c schrf gs chrgs gbtfrncrfs. Fofs jfsfbvcovfrgk prçtnegs f tîebnegs egpgzfs jf gdujç-ocs g rfgonzgr gs fxpfrnäbengs jfserntgs bcs onvrcs quf fstujgrgk. G ighhgog acn gssnk kgns ecb`fenjg f kfo`cr fbtfbjnjg. Zcrbcusf c kfnc jf uotrgpgssgr g oftrg jc tfxtc sfrvnbjc-sf jf sug rnqufzg f jf sug pctäbeng. Î prfensc kfbencbgr quf fssgs trgjníöfs acrgk gc kfskc tfkpc crgns f fserntgs. Fogs acrgk crgns bc sfbtnjc fk quf gs tîebnegs f fbsnbgkfbtcs frgk trgbskntnjgs jcs Kfstrfs gcs jnseëpuocs9 fserntgs bc sfbtnjc fk quf efrtc bôkfrc jf tfxtcs f ecbsfo`cs acrgk rfjnmnjcs. Kgs båc frg rgrc quf cs Kfstrfs kcrrfssfk jfnxgbjc uk tfríc jf sfus fserntcs g sfus jnseëpuocs, qufnkgbjc cutrc tfríc f sf agzfbjc fbtfrrgr eck c cutrc tfríc. Frg nkpcrtgbtf pgrg fofs quf gs tîebnegs fssfbengns acssfk c rfsuotgjc jf uk trghgo`c nbtfrncr f båc jf snkpofs rfefpíåc jf uk tfxtc quf pfrkgbfef acrg jg fxpfrnäbeng nbjnvnjugo. Qgkcs fbecbtrgr c trgíc jfssf ecstukf bgs trgjníöfs jg ighhgog ernstå f jg Xcsg-Eruz. Ufmubjc g ofbjg, qugbjc g tukhg jc aubjgjcr jfssg trgjníåc,
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E`rnstngb Xcsfberfuz acn fbecbtrgjg, fof tnb`g fbtrf cs hrgícs uk onvrc, c onvrc Z. Nbtfrfssgbtf sfkfo`gbíg snkhõoneg!... Cs ighhgonstgs jfsfbvcovfrgk sugs prçtnegs f sfus fstujcs ì kgrmfk jcs pcjfrfs ubnvfrsntçrncs. Nssc gtrgnu arfqufbtfkfbtf g cpcsníåc jcs rghnbgtcs. Frg kuntc jnaëeno njfbtnanegr ukg gutcrnjgjf prfensg bg ecrrfbtf jg ighhgog pcrquf fssf ecb`fenkfbtc frg utnonzgjc fk jnvfrscs mrupcs nbtfrfssgjcs pfog këstneg, kgmng, fsctfrnskc, fte. Zujc nssc arfqufbtfkfbtf a rfqufbtfkfbtf ecbtrnhunu pgrg c egrçtfr suspfntc jg ighhgog. Fog ecbtnbucu g jfsfbvcovfr bc gkhnfbtf dujgnec jg Çarneg jc Bcrtf (Ufagrgjf) f bc kfnc dujgnec jg Furcpg (Gs`ifbgzf). Acn gssnk gtî bcssc tfkpc fk quf vçrncs kfstrfs dujfus såc cs `frjfnrcs jfssg ecrrfbtf gbtnmg. Zcjgvng, jfvf-sf ofkhrgr c quf jnssfkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf, nstc î, quf fssg ecrrfbtf vnbjg jc dujgëskc ecbtnbug gbtfs jf tujc g gdujgr cs nbjnvëjucs jf aî dujgneg g gprcaubjgr g këstneg f fspnrntugonjgjf jf sug trgjníåc. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf cs ernståcs sf eurvgrgk g pgrtnr jc sîeuoc 76 bfssg trgjníåc f schrf g kgbfnrg quf qu f o`fs pcjfrng sfr ôtno.
Ighhgog ernstå f ighhgog `frkîtneg C `ukgbnstg \nec jf og Knrgbjcog (\ne jf og Knrgbjcof) rfnvnbjnecu sfr c prnkfnrc fstujgbtf ogtnbc bc sîeuoc 76 g fstujgr g ighhgog f pgrfef quf fssf acn c egsc, kfskc sf cs dujfus ecbvfrtnjcs sf gprcxnkgssfk jfssg enäbeng. Fk tcjc egsc, fof acn c prnkfnrc nbjnvëjuc bgsenjc ernståc g fstujç-og. G pgrtnr jc sîeuoc 75, frg rfecb`fenjc quf c Zgokuj f g Knjrgs` tnb`gk nbaouäbengs ernstås f quf nssc pcjfrng gdujgr bg ecbvfrsåc jf dujfus. Fssf kctnvc ecbtrnhunu pgrg c agtc jf quf efrtcs ernståcs eckfígrgk g fstujgr g trgjníåc `fhrgneg gssnk eckc g ighhgog. Fbecbtrg-sf, pcr fxfkpoc, fssg dustnanegtnvg bgs egrtgs jfjnegtõrngs jgs chrgs jcs ighhgonstgs ernståcs pgrg fssf cu gqufof pgpg. Jfssg kgbfnrg c gutcr pcjfrng fspfrgr pgssgr gtrgvîs jgs suspfntgs quf pfsgvgk schrf tcjcs cs ernståcs quf fstujgvgk g ighhgog. Nssc frg gnbjg kgns nkpcrtgbtf pcns sf qufrng ghcrjgr g qufståc jgs prçtnegs. 5>
C prnkfnrc dujfu g vfrjgjfnrgkfbtf sf ecbvfrtfr gc ernstngbnskc acn Ghbfr jf Hurmcs (78=<-75:0). Fof tckcu c bckf jf Goacbsc jf Qgoogjconj fk 758<. Eckc Ghuogang, fof tfvf vnsöfs schrf gs tîebnegs jf pfrkutgíåc jgs oftrgs. Wugbjc \nec jf og Knrgbjcog bgsefu, cs dujfus ecb`fefrgk fssf pfrëcjc jf pgz jc qugo agogkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf. Fssf acn c egsc tgbtc sch c jckëbnc kuíuokgbc jg Fspgb`g f bg tfrrg ernstå bc Ogbmufjce f \rcvfbíg. Fssf acn c prnkfnrc pfrëcjc jf fbecbtrc fbtrf fssfs pfbsgkfbtcs jnafrfbtfs. Fssf fbrnqufenkfbtc kôtuc jurcu gtî g rfecbqunstg. Acn A cn g pgrtnr jgë quf gukfbtcu c õjnc ecbtrg cs dujfus f hfk kgns tgrjf ecbjuznu ìs gtrcenjgjfs quf ecb`fefkcs. Cs dujfus acrgk jfsocegjcs g pgrtnr jf 7:== f ecb`fefrgk ukg jfpcrtgíåc kgssnvg jg Fspgb`g fk 7:>8. Fbtrftgbtc, cs ernståcs jfnxgrgk g fseco`g fbtrf g pgrtnjg acrígjg f g ecbvfrsåc. Fkhcrg fssg ôotnkg sntugíåc acssf kuntc prfeçrng, vçrncs g fseco`frgk. Nssc cs pfrkntng prcssfmunr pcr efrtc tfkpc c fstujc jc quf sf tcrbcu c Gbtnmc Zfstgkfbtc f jf kgbfnrg kuntc kgns jnserftg, jg trgjníåc ighhgonstneg. Gpfsgr jfssg rfdfníåc jc pcvc dujfu, g prõprng `nfrgrqung jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg gefntcu c nbtfrfssf jfssfs fstujcs. Kgs bõs hfk sghfkcs quf båc acn gpfbgs pcr ukg qufståc jf nbstruíåc. Gs trgjuíöfs jcs tfxtcs dujgnecs f ighhgonstnecs acrgk faftugjcs pcr vçrncs dujfus ecbvfrtnjcs. Acn c egsc, pcr fxfkpoc, jf Ugkufo hfb Bnssnk Ghuoagrgs` (7881-7801) quf acn kgns ecb`fenjc gpõs sug ecbvfrsåc sch c bckf jf Aogvnus Knt`rnjgtfs. Fof trgjuznu kgns jf 5<<< pçmnbgs jf chrgs `fhrgnegs f acrkcu \nec jf og Knrgbjcog. Knt`rnjgtfs, eckc kgns tgrjf cs cutrcs ighhgonstgs ernståcs, prceurcu ecbvfbefr c pgpg quf fof pcjfrng prcvgr gs vfrjgjfs ernstås pfog ighhgog. Båc `ç jôvnjg quf tgkhîk acn fof quf trgjuznu gs chrgs kgns fspfengonzgjgs pgrg c fbsnbgkfbtc jf \nec jf og Knrgbjcog. Gpfsgr jnssc, gomubs pfsqunsgjcrfs rfecb`fengk quf cs ecb`fenkfbtcs ighhgonstnecs jf \nec frgk hfk onkntgjcs.
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Knt`rnjgtfs nbtrcjuznu c onvrc jc Ufp`fr `g-Hg`nr eck \nec quf c fstujcu fk sug oëbmug crnmnbgo. Î nbtfrfssgbtf bctgr quf fssg chrg gpgrfefu bc Ogbmufjce pcr vcotg jf 776< f dç kgbnafstcu ukg ausåc fbtrf gs trgjníöfs ighhgonstnegs dujgnegs, bfcpogtúbnegs f mbõstnegs. Chsfrvgkcs eckc cutrg nbaouäbeng schrf c dcvfk \nec, \ghoc jf @frfjng (7:<0-7:01), gssnk eckc c knstfrncsc prcafsscr Jgttnoc cu Jgttyous `gvng fserntc hgstgbtf schrf g kgmng. Gomukgs jgs njfngs jf \nec jf og Knrgbjcog kgbnafstgk eogrgkfbtf fssg nbaouäbeng. Cs Ighhgonstgs ernståcs tnb`gk ukg ghcrjgmfk nbtfnrgkfbtf bcvg gc dujgëskc. Fvnjfbtfkfbtf fofs rfecb`fefrgk c nbtfrfssf f g qugonjgjf jfssg trgjníåc rfonmncsg. \grg gomubs jfofs gs rfonmnöfs gbtfrncrfs, nbeounbjc gssnk g quf eckpub`g c aubjgkfbtc jg rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo ì qugo fofs pfrtfbengk, c ernstngbnskc. Î kuntc jnaëeno `cdf sghfr c quf fofs tnb`gk fk kfbtf qugbjc acrkuogrgk fssg njfng. Bõs tfkcs jugs ecnsgs pgrg duomgr. G prnkfnrg pfrkgbfef fk sfus fserntcs f g sfmubjg, gs trgjníöfs ceuotgs quf fofs ecbstntuërgk f såc trgbskntnjgs g pgrtnr jfofs. Eckc dç tnvfkcs g e`gbef jf jnzfr, jfvf sfr ofkhrgjc quf fssfs fserntcs acrgk puhonegjcs ofvgbjc fk ecbtg c co`gr f c duomgkfbtc jg Nmrfdg. \crtgbtc, bfk sfkprf ofvf cs tfxtcs gc pî jg oftrg. Wugbtc ìs trgjníöfs quf sf sfmunrgk, gssnk eckc Gmrnppg, jåc ukg njfng kgns prfensg jg nbtfbíåc jf pgrtnjg. C quf pcjfkcs jnzfr î quf c aubjgkfbtc jf sfu pfbsgkfbtc rfsnjf bgs rfonmnöfs fspnrntugns quf prfefjfrgk, qufr sf trgtf jg Uukîrng, Fmntc, Mrîeng cu jc dujgëskc. Zcjgs pgrtnenpgrgk jg aubjgíåc jf ukg fspîenf jf rfonmnåc fsctîrneg ubnvfrsgo. Fxctfrnegkfbtf, cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs båc tnvfrgk bfb`uk prchofkg fk e`gkgr fssg rfonmnåc jf egtõoneg pcns fssg pgogvrg snmbnaneg ftnkcocmnegkfbtf ubnvfrsgo. Zcjgvng, g ofnturg jf sfus tfxtcs bõs kcstrg quf sfu ecbefntc jfssg rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo båc î bgjg njäbtneg ì jg Nmrfdg crtcjcxg cu jg Nmrfdg jf Xckg. Fssg rfonmnåc ubnvfrsgo jfrnvgjg jcs prnbeëpncs fsctîrnecs jg ighhgog quf fofs jfsfbvcovngk, båc cutrg ecnsg quf uk `frkftnskc :7
bfcpogtúbnec. Jf agtc, trgtgvg-sf jf ukg acrkg jf fspnrntugonjgjf nbtfmrgbjc jf kgbfnrg `grkcbncsg f tcofrgbtf gs jnafrfbtfs acrkgs rfonmncsgs jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. Wugbtc gcs sgefrjctfs, fofs tnvfrgk quf, tgbtc qugbtc pcssëvfo, sf tcrbgr gjfptcs nbnengjcs jg vfrjgjfnrg enäbeng, g ighhgog. Fssg ôotnkg gpgrfefu eckc ukg pgogvrg mfbîrneg echrnbjc fssf ecb`fenkfbtc jc nbnengjc g fssfs knstîrncs. Ocbmf jf sfr ukg bcvg ofnturg jc ernstngbnskc, frg gbtfs ukg bcvg acrkg rfonmncsg quf tfrç ecbsfquäbengs fk tcjc c Cenjfbtf f jgrç bgsenkfbtc, goîk jgs ecrrfbtfs tfôrmnegs bfcpogtúbnegs, ìs ecrrfbtfs kgíúbnegs, Xcsg-Eruz f ceuotnstgs. Î nbtfrfssgbtf rfvfr fssg mäbfsf bg egrtg prfaçenc jf Xfue`onb gc \gpg Ofåc PNNN. Uõ sf pcjf sfr gtnbmnjc, sfdg pcr sug jfsecbefrtgbtf nbmfbunjgjf, cu pfog cusgjng jf sfus prcpõsntcs. Jf agtc, fof eckfíg sug egrtg pcr ukg fxponegíåc eogrg jgs enreubstèbengs jc rfbgsenkfbtc jc bfcpogtcbnskc f jg bcvg gegjfkng pogtúbneg fk Aocrfbíg. Kgs fof båc nmbcrg g gpgräbeng jg gegjfkng, kgs tgkhîk jc agtc quf fog acn aubjgjg pfog nbnengtnvg jf Ecskc jf Kîjnen f schrf cs fbsnbgkfbtcs jc ôotnkc jfsefbjfbtf jg trgjníåc pgmå `fofbëstneg, \oftcb. Fof nbtrcjuznu bc Cenjfbtf ukg sfnvg vnvnanegbtf quf acn egpgz jf qufhrgr g egseg jcs jcmkgs, rfvfogbjc gssnk gs ecbsenäbengs jfssfs nbjnvëjucs jf fxefíåc. Uf fssg rfbcvgíåc jg anocscang eoçssneg frg onkntgjg bfssf gspfetc nssc dç frg fxtrgcrjnbçrnc. Fssf acn, bgturgokfbtf, c egsc, kgs tgkhîk jfu bgsenkfbtc g ukg mrgbjf ecrrfbtf quf trgbsacrkcu ontfrgokfbtf gs oftrgs f gs grtfs. G sfkfbtf jf onhfrjgjf `gvng mfrknbgjc f pcjfrng fbtåc feocjnr fk tcjg g Furcpg. Kgs g trgbsknssåc båc sf onkntcu ìs oftrgs. Î eogrc `cdf fk jng quf gtrçs jg gegjfkng pogtúbneg, sf fbecbtrgvg g trgjníåc ceuotg f nbnençtneg jc `frkftnskc. Wufrfkcs agogr jf uk fbsnbgkfbtc rfgo, gc kfskc tfkpc snkhõonec f rntugo quf nkponeg tcjc uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs. \rfsuknvfokfbtf eckc rfsuotgjc jf ukg nbnengíåc, cs nrkåcs rfefhngk c quf î jf jnrfntc e`gkgr fbsnbgkfbtc fsctîrnec f fstgbjc ubnjcs fk ukg vfrjgjfnrg agkëong fspnrntugo. Fssg trgjníåc `frkftnstg
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rfkcbtgvg g uk pfrëcjc prî-ernståc fk uk tfkpc fk quf g Hëhong gnbjg båc tnb`g snjc nbvfbtgjg... @frkfs Zräs Qfzfs Mrgbjf, Z`ct` @frkfs dç frg c Jfus quf `gvng trgznjc g enäbeng f g kgmng gcs `ckfbs gtrgvîs jg fsernturg sgmrgjg `nfrcmoëaneg. Cs `fhrfus gnbjg frgk uk pcvc pcontfëstg... Bc anbgo jc Nkpîrnc Fmëpenc, Gofxgbjrng acn c oumgr fxtrgcrjnbçrnc jf fbecbtrc jf tcjcs cs sçhncs quf pfrpftugrgk fssg kgrgvno`csg trgjníåc sch gs vfstfs jcs euotcs jf Knstîrncs f g enäbeng tfôrmneg. Î fssg trgjníåc quf acn trgbskntnjg gtrgvîs jc quf acn e`gkgjc g egjfng jf curc jcs gjfptcs. Fog gtrgvfsscu g `nstõrng f sf rfvfocu pofbgkfbtf jurgbtf fssf pfrëcjc fxefpencbgo. Fns c quf Xfue`onb fserfvfu schrf nssc4 "\grg fssg knssåc Y"c egknb`c pgrg fbecbtrgr cs sfmrfjcs quf gtî g fof pfrkgbfefk ceuotcs bcs kcbukfbtcs kcbukfbtcs ontfrçrncs jcs Gbtnmcs."[ fof Yc noustrf Ogurfbt jf Kîjnens, pgn jc \gpg[ sf gponecu pgrg trgzfr jf tcjcs cs oumgrfs cs `ckfbs kgns jcutcs f cs kgns frujntcs fk ontfrgturg gbtnmg, quf dubtgrgk ì enäbeng jg focquäbeng, Jfkftrncs E`goecbjyof, Kgrsëonc Anenbc, Mfcrmfs Qfspueen, E`rnstcp`f Ogbjnbc, Qgocrn, Gbmf \contnfb, Dfgb \ne, Ecktf jf og Knrgbjcof, f tcjcs cs kgncrfs sçhncs jc kubjc, quf trcuxfrgk ì ouz gs nbvfbíöfs jcs Gbtnmcs f g knstfrncsg gbtnmunjgjf quf g nbafonenjgjf jcs tfkpcs afz fsqufefr. Cs kgncrfs fspërntcs gë rnvgonzgrgk. Vk fbsnbcu, cutrc eckfbtcu9 uk `gvng afntc gefrvcs, cutrc nbtfrprftcu f trgjuznu jf ukg oëbmug g cutrg. Kgrsëonc trcuxf g Mrîeng pgrg g Ogznc. \contnfb ofvcu cs Xckgbcs ì Mrîeng. Zcjcs sf fbtrfmgrgk ì chrg båc sfk quf fog mfrgssf kuntg moõrng gcs Kîjnens." Y…[ "Goîk jnssc, bc pfbsgkfbtc jf quf gpfbgs gs jcutrnbgs pntgmõrnegs fstgvgk agotgbjc gcs sçhncs, eudcs argmkfbtcs, pcrtgbtc, fståc ceuotcs fspgo`gjcs bg Gegjfkng Ogurfbtngbg, fu pfbsfn quf fu fxpusfssf gc pôhonec c quf, jnzfk fofs, \ntçmcrgs f cs mrgbjfs \ntgmõrnecs pfbsgvgk. Eck vcssc afonz ecbsfbtnkfbtc cs Ogtnbcs ofråc c quf gtî gmcrg nmbcrgvgk. \grg g Ntçong, Kgrsëonc puhonecu \ogtåc. \grg cs Argbefsfs Dgequfs Ofaàvrf j'Ftgpofs rfbcvcu Grnstõtfofs, fu tfrknbgrfn g :5
ecbtg, f fu, Egpbncb, kcstrgrfn gcs Gofkåfs uk \ntçmcrgs, eudc rfbgsenkfbtc pcr kfus eunjgjcs î jfjnegjc g võs. G chrg båc pcjfrng sfr ecbeouëjg sfk g Eghgog jcs @fhrfus. G anocscang jf \ntçmcrgs eckfícu eck cs prfefntcs jcs «Eghgogfn¹, f g kfkõrng jcs \gtrngregs jfnxgbjc g Mrgbjf Mrîeng vcotcu g sf ceuotgr bgs chrgs jcs Eghgonstgs. Fbtåc qugsf tujc tnb`g quf sfr jfsfb`gjc. Zgkhîk fu fserfvn schrf g grtf eghgoëstneg, quf î ukg anocscang snkhõoneg, pgrg agzfr ecb`fefr cs fbsnbgkfbtcs jcs «\yt`gmcrgfn¹ gcs frujntcs." Î nbtfrfssgbtf bctgr quf g trgjuíåc jf vçrngs chrgs jg rfonmnåc dujgneg fstç eogrgkfbtf gsscengjg ìs jg trgjníåc `fofbëstneg. Fogs ecbstntuërgk g acbtf fxtrgcrjnbçrng pgrg g qugo tcjcs cs gjfptcs pcstfrncrfs jfssg trgjníåc nråc gtrgnr. Qgkcs chsfrvgr gnbjg bc anbgo jc Xfbgsenkfbtc, g nkpcrtgbtf chrg jf E`rnstngb Ibcrr vcb Xcsfbrct`, Ighhgog Jfbujgtg, quf î ukg eckpnogíåc kuntc nkpcrtgbtf jf tfxtcs ighhgonstnecs. Båc agrfkcs ukg onstg jf gutcrfs f jf tcjgs gs chrgs quf fofs trgjuznrgk cu puhonegrgk. Cs `nstcrngjcrfs rfgonzgrgk hrno`gbtfkfbtf trghgo`c nkpcrtgbtf bfssf egkpc f ecbtnbugk g agzä-oc. Bcssc prcpõsntc bfstg chrg î jf gdujç-oc g eckprffbjfr gs acbtfs jfssg trgjníåc, jf gvgongr c nbtfrfssf, c vgocr rfgo f jf eckprffbjfr qugns såc cs cs jfsefbjfbtfs. \crquf eckc arfqufbtfkfbtf, cs `nstcrngjcrfs såc rfogtnvgkfbtf chdftnvcs pgrg g `nstõrng gbtnmg, kgs kuntgs vfzfs pgrengns schrf gs jfsefbjäbengs kcjfrbgs. Goîk jfssfs gspfetcs `nstõrnecs, î nkpcrtgbtf o`f jgr cs fofkfbtcs bfefssçrncs ì eckprffbsåc jgs prçtnegs jfssg ecrrfbtf quf rfubnkcs bg sfmubjg pgrtf jfstg chrg. Bfk sfkprf î fvnjfbtf vfr quf ukg jgs egrgetfrëstnegs jf ukg vng trgjnencbgo, fspnrntugo f nbnençtneg, ecbsnstf fk gsscengr g prçtneg gc fstujc tfõrnec. Bõs fbtfbjfkcs quf fssf ôotnkc î aubjgkfbtgo, kgs båc jfvf suhstntunr ukg ghcrjgmfk prçtneg quf î egpgz jf nbspnrgr f vgonjgr cs fxfreëencs ighhgonstnecs. Ufk nssc, pcjfrngk pfrkgbfefr ukg purg ghstrgíåc purg f ecrtgjg jc sgmrgjc. Båc vgkcs fsqufefr quf c chdftnvc jc prgtnegbtf î jf sf fofvgr ::
ì jnvnbjgjf, cu fk onbmugmfk kgns ecbtfkpcrèbfg, goegbígr cs bëvfns jf ecbsenäbeng egpgzfs jf rfvfogr c jnvnbc fk bõs. Båc vgkcs fsqufefr quf kfskc pgrg c ernstngbnskc, Jfus afz c `ckfk ì sug nkgmfk. Efrtgkfbtf pcjfrëgkcs jnseutnr schrf c tfrkc "nkgmfk", quf båc pcjf faftnvgkfbtf fxponegr ukg rfgonjgjf, kgs sug nkgmfk jfmrgjgjg. Fbtrftgbtc, prfafrnkcs sfmunr cs gbtnmcs gutcrfs pogtúbnecs quf rfecb`fengk fk c sfr fbegrbgjc g prfsfbíg jc jnvnbc. Fssg ceuotgíåc jg gokg pfoc ecrpc dustnanegvg cs fxfreëencs fspnrntugns f gs nbnengíöfs egpgzfs jf onhfrç-og prcmrfssnvgkfbtf. Bg trgjníåc ighhgonstneg `frkftnstg, bgjg bcs pfrkntf bfmgr nssc, hfk gc ecbtrçrnc. Båc vgkcs fsqufefr quf acn a cn g gegjfkng pogtúbneg jf Aocrfbíg sch g îmnjf f c nkpuosc jf Anenbc f \nec quf erncu g ecrrfbtf jg qugo agogkcs. Qgkcs ofkhrgr pgr tfrknbgr quf cs gtugns jfsefbjfbtfs jcs ighhgonstgs ernståc jc rfbgsenkfbtc, qufr acssfk ceuotnstgs cu `frkftnstgs, jfvfk sf crmuo`gr jfssg `frgbíg. Fofs jfvfk sfkprf outgr pfoc njfgo quf sfus gbtnmcs kfstrfs nbecrpcrgrgk, rfubnbjc c ecb`fenkfbtc jcs tfxtcs f jgs oëbmugs, supcrtgjc pcr ukg ecbstgbtf prçtneg nbtfrncr. 7 <
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Fxtrgnjc jc jc onvrc ‟GHE ‟GHE jf Ighhgof e`rîtnfbbf,‛ Fjntncbs Fjntncbs Mrgbe`fr, Mrgbe`fr, Dfgb-Ocuns Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn.
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G EGQGOGXNG EGQGOGXNG EFOFUZF Zcjcs täk sug prõprng nkgmfk jcs egvgofnrcs jg njgjf njgjf kîjng. Fssg vfrjgjfnrg egstg, ecbstntuëjg pcr bchrfs pcrtgbjc grkgs, sf tcrbcu eîofhrf pfocs ecbtcs îpnecs eckpcstcs bg îpceg kfjnfvgo. Cs trcvgjcrfs f cs pcftgs rfjnmnrgk fssfs ecbtcs gc kfskc tfkpc agbtçstnecs f snkhõonecs nbecrpcrgbjc fofkfbtcs aubjgkfbtgns pfrtfbefbtfs ì trgjníåc fsctîrneg cenjfbtgo. Bõs vfkcs bfssfs ecbtcs c bgsenkfbtc jf ukg acrkg jf egvgogrng kcrgo, ecocegbjc cs njfgns fspnrntugns genkg jcs eckhgtfs aësnecs. G huseg jc Mrggo î g rfprfsfbtgíåc snkhõoneg kgns ecb`fenjg f rfprfsfbtg uk jcs gspfetcs fssfbengns jf bcssg trgjníåc. Gomubs mrupcs gë vngk g `frgbíg jg Crjfk jc Zfkpoc, c quf î agosc. Fkhcrg fssf pcssuëssf nbjnvëjucs quf sf pcjfrng eogssnanegr jf nbnengjcs, g Crjfk pcr sn kfskg båc acn ukg Crjfk fsctîrneg. Gtrgvîs jf sug acrkgíåc, bcssc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg XcsgEruz rfefhfu kuntcs jceukfbtcs jf fbsnbgkfbtcs prcvfbnfbtfs jf mrupcs tfkpoçrncs `cdf fk jng jfsgpgrfenjcs. Fofs fstgvgk gsscengjcs ì egvgogrng trgjnencbgo. Fssg `frgbíg eckpoftg acn prcmrfssnvgkfbtf nbtfmrgjg ì ecofíåc jf fserntcs nbnengo jg Crjfk, pgrg jgr g egjg nbnengjc gs e`gvfs kgns eckpoftgs jc fsctfrnskc ernståc. Gpfsgr jf sug cpcsníåc g \gpus f gomukgs ecbausöfs rfonmncsgs jcutrnbçrngs, g nbnengtnvg jf Dcsfp`nb \îogjgb jfvf sfr ecocegjg bfssf ecbtfxtc. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf gs chrgs rntugns f jcutrnbçrngs såc gtugokfbtf fbsnbgjgs bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Gmcrg î nkpcrtgbtf kfbencbgr quf fssg egvgogrng fspnrntugo, fssg huseg jc mrggo, sõ pcjf sf tcrbgr efofstf eck ukg ecbjníåc. C nbnengjc jfvf jfsfbvcovfr fk sn cs vgocrfs kcrgns e`gkgjcs egvgo`fnrfsecs quf o`f pfrkntnråc gvgbígr pgrg g vnsåc jnvnbg. Fssfs vgocrfs såc gc kfskc tfkpc snkpofs f fssfbengns. Fofs ecbstntufk ukg ecbjníåc ghscoutg g qugoqufr :=
rfvfogíåc. Fssf gprfbjnzgjc agz pgrtf pofbg jg acrkgíåc trgbskntnjg pfog Crjfk. Qgocrfs snkpofs eckc g ecrtfsng, `cbfstnjgjf, rfspfntc pfog pgogvrg jgjg, `uknojgjf, såc cs gspfetcs quf c nbnengjc tfrç quf jfkcbstrgr g sfus nbnengjcrfs pgrg pcjfr rfnvnbjnegr rfvfogíöfs supfrncrfs. Î bfssf kckfbtc quf sfråc jfsvfogjgs prcmrfssnvgkfbtf gs e`gvfs trgbskntnjgs pfocs trcvgjcrfs jc Uuo jg Argbíg gcs egvgofnrcs. Î bfssf nbstgbtf quf c knstfrncsc rcsçrnc rfvfogrç sfus knstîrncs gc nbnengjc.
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G QFXJGJFNXG QFXJGJFNXG XCUG-EXVT G Xcsg-Eruz bg `nstõrng Î prcvçvfo quf vceä dç tfb`g cuvnjc ganrkgr quf g trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz vfnc jc gbtnmc Fmntc. Î bfefssçrnc gpfbgs gomubs sfmubjcs jf pfsqunsg pgrg jfsechrnr quf fssf tnpc jf ganrkgíåc ga nrkgíåc î `nstcrnegkfbtf agosc. Fbtrf gs kuntgs puhonegíöfs grqufcoõmnegs, bfb`ukg jfogs rfvfog fofkfbtcs quf pcjfk dustnanegr fssf tnpc jf tfsf agbtgsnstg. Uõ sf pcjf sfr egutfocsc schrf mrupcs quf agzfk jnssc sug hgsf jcutrnbçrng. \crtgbtc, î aubjgkfbtgo gprfsfbtgr cs fofkfbtcs `nstõrnecs nbecbtfstçvfns schrf cs qugns vceä pcjfrç sf hgsfgr pgrg fbtfbjfr kfo`cr fssg trgjníåc agsenbgbtf. Qgkcs gsscengr kgns fstujcs gprcaubjgjcs quf vceä pcjfrç fbecbtrgr bc Hocm jc sntf Nbtfrbft. Gs prnkfnrgs rfafräbengs ercbcoõmnegs såc açefns jf fbtfbjfr f rfsuknr4 - Njgjf Kîjng argbefsg4 aubjgíåc jg Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz bc Uuo jg Argbíg nbtfmrgbjc fofkfbtcs mbõstnecs. - 717:, 7176, 71714 puhonegíåc jcs fserntcs aubjgkfbtgns schrf g Xcsg-Eruz pcr Dc`b Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf f sfu eëreuoc jf gknmcs. Båc pgrfef tfr `gvnjc bfb`ukg crmgbnzgíåc XcsgEruz gbtfs jnssc. - 7===4 crmgbnzgíåc jf ukg Crjfk gofkå onmgjg ì Argbec Kgícbgrng eck c bckf jf « Mcojfb gbj Xcsy Ercss ¹. Fssf mrupc nbnençtnec fstfvf gtnvc jurgbtf gprcxnkgjgkfbtf bcvf gbcs. - 701=4 crmgbnzgíåc, bg Nbmogtfrrg, jg « Ucenftgs Xcsneruengbg nb Gbmong ¹ (U.X.N.G.) jfrnvgjg jg « Ucenftgs Xcsneruengbg nb Uectogbj ¹ (U.X.N.U.) bg sfquäbeng jg gjknssåc jf ]noongk Dgkfs @um`gb.
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- 706<4 Crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz jfsefbjfbjc jg Xcsg-Eruz crnmnbgo argbefsg crmgbnzgjg bg îpceg kfjnfvgo. - 70004 crmgbnzgíåc, bg Argbíg, pcr Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, jg Crjfk quf rfprfsfbtgkcs, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz. Zcjgs gs cutrgs crmgbnzgíöfs rfnvnbjnegk g Xcsg-Eruz quf vceä pcjf fbecbtrgr fk pfsqunsgs såc erngíöfs jgtgbjc jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc 7>, eckc pcr fxfkpoc, g GKCXE. \grg eckprffbjfr g crnmfk jfssgs knstfrncsgs crmgbnzgíöfs Xcsg-Eruz, î prfensc co`gr hrfvfkfbtf pgrg g `nstõrng jc jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jfssf kcvnkfbtc. Jfnxgrfkcs gqun jf ogjc c pfrëcjc kfjnfvgo pgrg eckfígr pfogs puhonegíöfs jcs onvrcs eîofhrfs. Fbtrf 717: f 7171, träs onvrcs fstrgb`cs acrgk puhonegjcs gbcbnkgkfbtf bg Gofkgb`g. Cs gutcrfs frgk prcvgvfokfbtf c pgstcr Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf f sfu eëreuoc jf gknmcs. Fssgs chrgs tfk cs sfmunbtfs tëtuocs4 7- Agkg Argtfrbntgtns Xcsgf Eruens9 8- Ecbafssnc Argtfrbntgtns9 5- Gs Bcntfs quëknegs jf E`rnstngb Xcsfbirfutz. Ufmubjc cs `nstcrngjcrfs kcjfrbcs, båc `ç bfb`ukg nbjnegíåc jf mrupc ceuotc e`gkgjc Xcsg-Eruz cu Xcsgf Eruens bg Gofkgb`g gbtfs jfssgs puhonegíöfs. Eckc tcjgs gs trgjníöfs fsctîrnegs cu rfonmnöfs jc kfskc bckf, cs kntcs aubjgjcrfs jc mrupc erngjc pcr Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf rfnvnbjnegvgk quf sfus trghgo`cs vnb`gk jg Gbtnmunjgjf. \grg \ grg ogbígr gomukg ouz schrf tujc nssc, jfvfkcs kfbencbgr quf î pfrafntgkfbtf fxgtc quf cs sëkhcocs jg eruz f jg rcsg såc gbtnmcs. Fssfs jcns sëkhcocs acrgk utnonzgjcs jf kgbfnrg bctçvfo bg pcfsng, rfonmnåc f fsctfrnskc jfsjf cs tfkpcs gbtnmcs. Fbtrftgbtc, c jfsfbvcovnkfbtc kcjfrbc jc sëkhcoc jg Xcsg schrf g Eruz î bcvc f båc agz pgrtf jf bfb`ukg onb`gmfk gbtnmg. \grfef kuntc prcvçvfo quf cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs acrgk jnrftgkfbtf nkponegjcs bg trgbsknssåc jf ukg `frgbíg fsctîrneg ernstå quf gsscengk nbtnkgkfbtf ukg mbcsf sferftg ìs prçtnegs rntugns nbtfrbgs. Fssfs nbnengjcs, eogrc quf Ernståcs, 6<
hgsfgvgk sfus trghgo`cs schrf ecb`fenkfbtcs hfk jnafrfbtfs jcs jcmkgs pôhonecs nkpcstcs pfoc pcjfr feofsnçstnec jf Xckg. @fnbrne` Ecrbfonus Gmrnppg vcb Bfttfs`fnk (7:01 7656) f c Jr. @fnbrne` I`ubrgt` (761< - 71<6) såc jcns hcbs fxfkpocs jg fxnstäbeng jfssg trgjníåc fsctîrneg. Eckc sf pcjf vfr bcs onvrcs kçmnecs fserntcs pcr Gmrnppg, gs gbtnmgs trgjníöfs prî-ernstås såc ecb`fenjgs f utnonzgjgs. Fstf, pcr fxfkpoc, båc pgrfef agzfr rfgokfbtf jnafrfbíg fbtrf gs gbtnmgs jnvnbjgjfs f cs bckfs jnvnbcs `fhrgnecs. Gs prgbe`gs snkhõonegs jc Gkp`nt`fgtruk Ugpnfbtngf Gftfrbgf fserntc pcr @fnbrne` I`ubrgt` fk 76>6 fståc bc ecrgíåc jg trgjníåc quf î trgbskntnjg bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Goîk jnssc, såc fbsnbgjgs bcs Egpëtuocs jf bcssg Crjfk. Vkg jgs kgns eîofhrfs noustrgíöfs (utnonzgjg eckc fofkfbtc jf prçtneg, bc egpëtuoc = jf « o'GHE jf Ighhgof E`rîtnfbbf ¹ jf Dfgb-Ocuns JF HNGUN, Fj Mrgbe`fr) rfprfsfbtg ukg rcsg jf ouz pcsnencbgjg bc efbtrc jf ukg eruz. Fssg mrgvurg kgmbëaneg fstç bc efbtrc jg trgjníåc jf bcssg Crjfk. G gbçonsf jfssg vfrjgjfnrg kgbjgog rfvfog ukg rfprfsfbtgíåc enreuogr jg Çrvcrf jg Qnjg ighhgonstneg pcjfbjc sfr rfecb`fenjg eckc g prnkfnrg f g kgns eckpoftg ubnåc fbtrf g Ighhgog `fhrgneg f g Ighhgog ernstå. Bgjg jfssf prcaubjc snkhconskc fstç prfsfbtf bgs puhonegíöfs jf Dc`gbb Qgofbtnb Gbjrfgf. G crnmfk f c chdftnvc jcs tfxtcs quf fof puhonecu pgrfefk sfr jf bgturfzg jnafrfbtf. Eckc dç jnssfkcs gbtfrncrkfbtf, fof acn uk pgstcr gofkåc. Fof puhonecu fssfs kgbnafstcs uk sîeuoc jfpcns jc kcvnkfbtc jf Xfacrkg jf Outfrc (767=). Cutrg jf sugs chrgs gprfsfbtg ukg vnsåc njfgo jc ernstngbnskc snkhconzgjg pcr ukg enjgjf eck c bckf jf Ernstngbõpcons. Fbtåc pgrfef quf sfu prcpõsntc acn utnonzgr g Xcsg-Eruz pgrg gprfsfbtgr gc kubjc sugs njfngs schrf g rfonmnåc, g anocscang f g scenfjgjf. Î trgjnencbgo usgr gofmcrngs fk puhonegíöfs tåc jnserftgs. Cs sëkhcocs goquëknecs onmgjcs g gomubs pcjfrcscs kntcs aubjgjcrfs jfrgk bgsenkfbtc g ukg erngíåc quf uotrgpgssg 67
sfus erngjcrfs. E`rnstngb Xcsfbirfuz sf tcrbcu c pgn këtnec jg argtfrbnjgjf, gc kfskc tfkpc Kfstrf nouknbgjc f nkcrtgo jg Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz. Jfpcns jfssf pfrëcjc, g trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz fbecbtrcu jcns kfncs prnbenpgns jf fxprfssåc4 7- G Xcsg-Eruz kgíúbneg. 8- Cs mrupcs jg Xcsg-Eruz kfjnfvgo argbefsg.
G Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz Eckc dç gssnbgogkcs genkg, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz î g prnkfnrg Crjfk Xcsg-Eruz g tfr snjc crmgbnzgjg bg frg kcjfrbg, kgns fxgtgkfbtf fk 7000. Fstg vfk jcs mrupcs jg Xcsg-Eruz kfjnfvgo argbefsg. Qçrngs sfíöfs jfssf sntf nbtfrbft kfbencbgk c quf acn fssg trgjníåc. Qgkcs ofkhrgr hrfvfkfbtf sugs egrgetfrëstnegs kgns nkpcrtgbtfs. 7- G mbcsf crnmnbgo4 Gs crnmnbgo4 Gs ecrrfbtfs mbõstnegs crnmnbgns sf pfrpftugrgk gpfsgr jg cpcsníåc jc pcjfr rfonmncsc ernståc canengo. Fofs rfsuotgrgk bc jfsfbvcovnkfbtc jf ukg acrtf euoturg këstneg bc Uuo jg Argbíg ecb`fenjc pfoc bckf jf Egtgrnskc. Cs Xcsg-Eruz jf bcssg Crjfk jc sîeuoc 7> nbtfmrgrgk cutrgs bcíöfs mbõstnegs jfrnvgjgs jgs jfsechfrtgs grqufcoõmnegs f rfvfogíöfs fspnrntugns. @cdf fk jng g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz ecbtnbucu fssg chrg sf hgsfgbjc bcs fvgbmfo`cs, trgtgjcs f rntcs mbõstnecs pfrtfbefbtfs g fssg kfskg trgjníåc. 8- G Egvgogrng Efofstf4 Efofstf4 Jurgbtf g njgjf kîjng sf jfsfbvcovfu ukg acrkg jf egvgogrng kcrgo ecocegbjc cs njfgns fspnrntugns genkg jcs eckhgtfs aësnecs. G huseg jc Mrggo î g rfprfsfbtgíåc snkhõoneg kgns ecb`fenjg f rfprfsfbtg uk jcs gspfetcs fssfbengns jf bcssg trgjníåc.
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5- Cs trcvgjcrfs4 Cs trcvgjcrfs jc Uuo jg Argbíg jfsfbvcovfrgk ukg acrkg fspfeëaneg eck c chdftnvc jf sf fofvgr gc jnvnbc pfog ecbtfkpogíåc nbtfrncr jcs knstîrncs sgmrgjcs. Jfvf sfr ofkhrgjg g nkpcrtèbeng aubjgkfbtgo jc kgns gbtnmc rckgbef jfssg îpceg quf tfk c bckf jf « rckgbef jg rcsg ¹. Fk vçrncs bëvfns, fssf gspfetc jg trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz fstç onmgjc ì egvgogrng efofstf. 5- G Ighhgog Ernstå4 Ernstå4 Cs ighhgonstgs ernståcs jc anbgo jg Njgjf Kîjng f jc Xfbgsenkfbtc rfubnrgk gs jnkfbsöfs tfcoõmneg, këstneg f kçmneg fk sug trgbsknssåc. Fssf gspfetc î eogrgkfbtf vnsëvfo fk efrtcs mrgus jc pfreursc nbnençtnec. :- C ceuotnskc4 ceuotnskc4 Cs ceuotnstgs jc sîeuoc 7>, gssnk eckc Utgbnsogs Jf Mugntg, \gpus pgrg entgr gomubs, gsscengrgk ì bcssg trgjníåc uk ecbdubtc jf prçtnegs psëqunegs jf nbtfrfssf tctgokfbtf bctçvfo. Fofs pfrkntnrgk g egjg nbnengjc prcssfmunr uk vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc psëqunec fk pfrafntg gsscengíåc eck cs mrgus prgtnegjcs. Fssf ecbdubtc crmgbnzgjc jf kgbfnrg ecfrfbtf pcr gbcs jf trghgo`c ecbstntun g egrgetfrëstneg fssfbengo jg kgns gbtnmg trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz.
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C KGXZNBNUKC f g C.I.X.E. Gomubs kfsfs gpõs tfr erngjc g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, cu sfdg, kgns jf vnbtf f qugtrc gbcs gpõs g kcrtf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, \gpus f E`ghcsfgu, gkhcs kfkhrcs jg jnrfíåc jg Crjfk jfsechrnrgk quf `gvngk rfefhnjc ukg anongíåc quf rfkcbtgvg gc eîofhrf tfõscac. \gpus ganrkcu tfr snjc nbnengjc fk 7008 gc mrgu jf U.N. « Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc ¹ pcr @fbrn Jfoggmf quf rfnvnbjnecu ukg onmgíåc jnrftg eck Ugnbt-Kgrtnb pfoc snstfkg jf « onvrfs nbnengíöfs ¹. Wugbtc g E`ghcsfgu, sug anongíåc o`f `gvng snjc trgbskntnjg pcr sug tng Gkîonf jf Hcnssf-Kcrtfkgrt. Gkhcs jfenjnrgk sf nbnengr kutugkfbtf f nkfjngtgkfbtf nbacrkgrgk gcs cutrcs rfspcbsçvfns jg Crjfk. \gpus f E`ghcsfgu ecbafrnrgk fssg nbnengíåc fssfbengokfbtf fspnrntugo jf OcunsEogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Eckc jfeogrcu Jfoggmf, fog acn kgtfrngonzgjg sckfbtf pcr « jugs oftrgs f gomubs pcbtcs ¹. Nkfjngtgkfbtf ecbsenfbtf jg rnqufzg jfssg `frgbíg, g Crjfk jfu uk ecrpc g fssg trgbsknssåc g gsscengbjc ì nbnengíåc jf « Anoõscac Jfsecb`fenjc ¹ jc snstfkg kgíúbnec jf @.-Z. jf Zse`cujn. Jfpcns fssg efrnkúbng jf « Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc ¹ sf tcrbcu c mrgu prfonknbgr jg Crjfk. G vfrsåc kgíúbneg quf frg crnmnbgokfbtf fssfbengokfbtf snkhõoneg acn gssnk gtnvgjg pfocs ecb`fenkfbtcs cpfrgtnvcs jcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk. G Fstrfog Aogkfdgbtf acn fbtåc egpgz jf nrrgjngr pofbgkfbtf jf bcvc. G pgrtnr jfssf kckfbtc, tcjc bcvc kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz jfvfrng prnkfnrc sfr rfefhnjc Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc, Gjfptc jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb.
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Fssf prnkfnrc mrgu jf U4. N4. ecbstntun c aubjgkfbtc kcrgo f fspnrntugo jg Crjfk. Fof î c prî-rfqunsntc.
Qgkcs ofkhrgr quf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb Ugnbt-Kgrtnb aubjcu ukg "pfqufbg fsecog fk \grns" gomubs gbcs gpõs g kcrtf jf sfu kfstrf Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Fssg scenfjgjf (eckubnjgjf) tnb`g pcr chdftnvc g fspnrntugonjgjf kgns purg. Fof nbtfmrcu gs jcutrnbgs jf Kgrtnbfs ìs sugs f nbstgurcu eckc ôbnec mrgu c jf U4. N4.. Fssf tëtuoc acn ukg rfprnsf jg jfbcknbgíåc jnstnbtnvg jg jnmbnjgjf suprfkg jcs kfkhrcs jc trnhubgo Uchfrgbc jg Crjfk jcs Fous-Ec`fbs. Bg kgncrng jgs scenfjgjfs sferftgs g nbnengíåc sf agzng pcr mrgus. Gqun, Ugnbt-Kgrtnb fseco`fu nbstgurgr ukg trgbsknssåc gbtfs jf tujc kcrgo f fspnrntugo. Frg pgrg rfefhfr g e`gvf quf ghrf g pcrtg nbtfrncr jg gokg pfog qugo sf eckubneg eck gs fsafrgs jc Fspërntc. Bfssgs goturgs, bfb`ukg ecbjníåc, bfb`uk fstgjc nbtfrkfjnçrnc. Frg sckfbtf bfefssçrng ukg kgbnafstgíåc jc jfsfdc, uk eckprckftnkfbtc jg gokg f uk jfspfrtgr jg vfrjgjfnrg vcbtgjf. Cs prnbeëpncs frgk gc kfskc tfkpc njäbtnecs f jnafrfbtfs gcs jg Crjfk jcs Fous-Ec`fbs. Gs tîebnegs f gs prfpgrgíöfs rntugns, pcr fxfkpoc, sfkprf acrgk rfogtnvgkfbtf snkpofs bg 61
fsecog jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb. Fssf ôotnkc ecbsnjfrgvg quf g prfpgrgíåc î c rfsuotgjc jg vnjg quf sf ofvg nbtfrncr f fxtfrncrkfbtf. Bfssg vng këstneg, gc ecbtrçrnc jf gomukgs ftgpgs kçmnegs f tfôrmnegs, î bcssc trghgo`c nbtfrncr jnçrnc, bcssg "gtntujf kcrgo jf purfzg" quf tckg c oumgr jg prfpgrgíåc. Nssc snmbnaneg quf tcjgs gs prfpgrgíöfs rntugns såc nbôtfns pgrg qufk båc prgtneg fssf egknb`c nbtfrncr. Î g ôbneg ecbjníåc ì gprcxnkgíåc jf ukg vfrjgjfnrg purfzg nbtfrncr. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz sfkprf ecbsnjfrcu fssf mrgu eckc ecbjníåc kcrgo ì acrkgíåc fkprffbjnjg. Bfssf egsc båc frg bfefssçrnc agzfr ukg Crjfk. Fssg prnkfnrg ftgpg jf U.N. î, pcrtgbtc, aubjgkfbtgo f pgrgjcxgokfbtf sõ prfensg jf acrkgíåc tfõrneg këbnkg. Fssf fstgjc î fspnrntugo f ecbstntun uk egknb`c nbtfrncr nbjfafetëvfo. Eckc sf pcjf nkgmnbgr quf sf jfvf fstujgr ighhgog, tfcocmng cu qugoqufr cutrg enäbeng pgrg sf eckprckftfr kcrgokfbtf fk tgo egknb`c nbtfrncr. C nbtfofetugo bgjg tfk g vfr eck fssf tnpc jf tckgjg jf ecbsenäbeng. Fns c quf acn g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg jgs crnmfbs. Båc acn gtî \gpus f sfus suefsscrfs quf bgsefu ukg vcbtgjf jf agzfr jc kgrtnbnskc ukg crjfk fstruturgjg fk mrgus ofvgbjc ì ôbneg nbnengíåc trgbskntnjg pcr Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, g jf U.N. (Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc). Gomubs gbcs kgns tgrjf, fk 70>7, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz pfjnu g \gpus pgrg jfsfbvcovfr g nbnengíåc jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc sch g acrkg jf ukg Crjfk fxtfrncr eudc pgpfo fssfbengo sfrng g fspnrntugonjgjf f g egvgogrng ernstå. \gpus fseco`fu fstruturç-og sfmubjc g fsegog kgíúbneg fk träs mrgus. G ôbneg nbnengíåc rfgo acn, fvnjfbtfkfbtf, g ôotnkg, g jf U.N. (Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc). Bfb`ukg gkhnmunjgjf bg knssåc ecbangjg g \gpus. Zrgtgvg-sf jf pfrkntnr g uk bôkfrc kgncr jf pfsscgs jfsechrnr c pfbsgkfbtc jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb f fkprffbjfr c egknb`c kcrgo rfprfsfbtgjc bg acrkg kgns purg jf egvgogrng ernstå.
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Fssg fstruturg jfu ukg pfrfbnjgjf efrtg ì Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg quf ecbtnbucu g sf jfsfbvcovfr jfpcns jg kcrtf jf \gpus f g sf rgknanegr sfmunbjc cs egprne`cs jf sug `nstõrng. Jf sfu ogjc, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, anfo g sfu egknb`c, ecbtnbug g gefntgr fk sfu sfnc egbjnjgtcs quf dç tfb`gk rfefhnjc g nbnengíåc jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc cu g o`fs trgbskntf sfmubjc g acrkg crnmnbgo eckc prîvnc g sfu egknb`c fkprffbjnjc fk sfu sfnc. C gtugo No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn rfefhfu c ecbdubtc jf anongíöfs kgrtnbnstgs, c quf agz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz `cdf fk jng ukg jgs kgns ofmëtnkgs fk rfogíåc gc Kgrtnbnskc.
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C CEVOZNUKC \gpus acn ukg jgs mrgbjfs anmurgs jc quf sf pcjf e`gkgr jf bfc-ceuotnskc. Uugs nbukfrçvfns chrgs gprfsfbtgk gs ageuojgjfs ceuotgs jc @ckfk, gs acrígs nbvnsëvfns jg Bgturfzg f cs kfncs jf utnonzç-ogs. C ceuotnskc ganrkg g fxnstäbeng jf 'aounjcs' quf kgbnafstgk uk kubjc nbvnsëvfo bc nbtfrncr jc kubjc vnsëvfo, pfsqunsg gs gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs fbtrf vnsëvfo f nbvnsëvfo, kgs tgkhîk fbtrf cs jnvfrscs sfrfs. Fk ecbsfquäbeng, c ceuotnskc prgtneg, supöf c ecb`fenkfbtc f utnonzgíåc jg kgmng, gstrcocmng, gjnvnb`gíöfs, kfjnenbg ceuotg f goqunkng. Gmrnppg jf Bfttfs`fnk, Fonp`gs Oîvn, \gpus f cs nbnengjcs quf c efregvgk jfsfbvcovfrgk rntcs f prçtnegs jfstnbgjgs g utnonzgr fssgs acrígs nbvnsëvfns pgrg c hfk jc gspnrgbtf. Eckc Gmrnppg fserfvfu4 « G Kgmng, Yc ceuotnskc, g anocscang ceuotg[ î ukg ageuojgjf quf tfk uk mrgbjf pcjfr, e`fnc jf kuntcs knstîrncs ofvgbtgjcs, f quf fbefrrg uk mrgbjf ecb`fenkfbtc jgs ecnsgs kgns sferftgs, sug bgturfzg, pctäbeng, qugonjgjf, suhstèbeng, fafntcs, jnafrfbíg f rfogíåc4 jf cbjf prcjuz sfus fafntcs kgrgvno`cscs pfog ubnåc f gponegíåc quf agz jgs jnvfrsgs vnrtujfs jcs sfrfs supfrncrfs eck gs jcs nbafrncrfs. (...) G Zfcocmng bcs agz ecb`fefr c quf î Jfus, c quf såc cs Gbdcs, Nbtfonmäbengs, Jgnkcbs, Gokg, \fbsgkfbtc, Xfonmnåc... g vnrtujf jgs pgogvrgs f jgs anmurgs, gs cpfrgíöfs sferftgs f snbgns knstfrncscs ¹. \grg rfsuknr pcjfkcs jnzfr quf cs prnbeëpncs ceuotnstgs sf hgsfngk fk 5 pcbtcs prnbenpgns4 7- Aounjcs f fspërntcs4 C ceuotnskc sf hgsfng schrf g erfbíg fk uk kubjc nbvnsëvfo jf aounjcs cu fspërntcs quf gmfk, nberustgjcs bc kubjc vnsëvfo jg kgtîrng f jcs fvfbtcs crjnbçrncs. C kgmc ecb`fef f kgbnpuog gs "vnrtujfs ceuotgs"4 nbaouäbeng jcs gstrcs, g acríg jcs scbs cu g gíåc ceuotg jcs sëkhcocs, cu cs mäbncs jcs oumgrfs, fspërntcs jg aocrfstg...
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8- Unkpgtngs f gbtnpgtngs4 Cs chdftcs fbtrgk fk rfogíöfs jf snkpgtng f gbtnpgtng, nstc î, jf gknzgjf cu `cstnonjgjf quf c kgmc jfvf ecb`fefr f pcjf utnonzgr. C tfxtc prnbenpgo î fstf, jf Cstgbfs c Kgmc4 « g bgturfzg fk tgo egsc fbegbtg g bgturfzg, g bgturfzg fk tgo egsc jcknbg g bgturfzg, g bgturfzg fk tgo egsc î vfbenjg pfog bgturfzg. ¹ C ëkå f c afrrc fståc fk snkpgtng (fofs sf « fbegbtgk ¹). « C gbnkgo gbtnpçtnec jc hgsëonec Yukg sfrpfbtf[ î g jcbnb`g, jg qugo fog båc supcrtg bfk c cjcr bfk g vnsåc ¹. 5- Gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs4 G jcutrnbg aubjgkfbtgo jc ceuotnskc î g jgs gbgocmngs f ecrrfspcbjäbengs. Fxnstfk rfogíöfs jf njfbtnjgjf snkhõoneg fbtrf c kubjc fspnrntugo f c kubjc kgtfrngo, vfrtnegokfbtf, jc gotc gtî fk hgnxc, f, `crnzcbtgokfbtf, fbtrf cs jnvfrscs fofkfbtcs jf egjg kubjc, fspnrntugo cu kgtfrngo. C tfxtc prnbenpgo gqun pfrkgbfef g Zçhug jf Fskfrgojg jf @frkfs Zrnskfmnstc4 « C quf fstç fk hgnxc eckc c quf fstç bc gotc, c quf fstç bc gotc î eckc c quf fstç fk hgnxc, pgrg agzfr cs knogmrfs jf ukg sõ ecnsg. ¹ \cr fxfkpoc, fxnstf ukg gbgocmng, njfbtnjgjf jf fstruturg fbtrf Jfus (bc gotc) f c Uco (fk hgnxc), fbtrf c Kubjc (kgercecskc) f c @ckfk (knercecskc), f ecrrfspcbjäbengs, fqunvgoäbengs, ecrrfogíöfs, agknongrnjgjfs fbtrf c rfnbc knbfrgo jc Kubjc f cs jc @ckfk, fbtrf c Uco f c co`c jnrfntc... C mrupc jf onvrcs quf geghgkcs jf entgr, (Gmrnppg, Fonp`gs Ofvn, \gpus) såc gssubtc jf fbsnbgkfbtcs. Gs e`gvfs quf såc fbecbtrgjgs såc prgtnegjgs sch g prctfíåc jg fmrîmcrg. Î jfssg kgbfnrg quf c nbnengjc pcjfrç prcmrfjnr eck faneçeng, fa neçeng, utnonzgbjc tcjcs cs pcjfrfs sgmrgjcs quf gs pctäbengs efofstfs ecocegrgk fk sug gokg.
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ZFCOCMNG F ONZVXMNG G kgncrng jcs Mrgbjf \gtrngregs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz rfefhfrgk gs crjfbgíöfs jg trgjníåc ernstå fk suefssöfs gpcstõonegs nbecbtfstçvfns. Gomubs jfofs frgk, goîk jnssc, rfspcbsçvfns pcr eckubnjgjfs rfonmncsgs pcr uk hck bôkfrc jf gbcs. Zcjgvng, î hck ofkhrgr quf g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz båc agz sfmrfmgíåc rfonmncsg f gefntg egbjnjgtcs qugnsqufr quf sfdgk sugs erfbígs. Ecbtujc, ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg quf trgbskntf g trgjníåc fsctîrneg ernstå sfkprf ecbsnjfrcu quf c fbsnbgkfbtc jg tfcocmng î aubjgkfbtgo. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf cs eurscs ì jnstèbeng ecbtäk, jfsjf c prnkfnrc gbc, ukg pgrtf quf fbsnbg g tfcocmng. Cs jceukfbtcs utnonzgjcs bfssfs eurscs såc jcs grqunvcs `nstõrnecs jcs qugns c Mrgbjf \gtrngreg X+E gtugo î jfpcsntçrnc. Gomubs väk jf cutrgs pgrtfs jgs Crjfbs jc Zfkpoc, `cdf jfsgpgrfenjgs. Gpõs gomubs gbcs f qugbjc cs aubjgkfbtcs acrgk gjqunrnjcs, cs fstujcs tfcoõmnecs kgns gvgbígjcs såc cafrfenjcs gcs nbnengjcs. Fssfs jfsfbvcovfk jf kgbfnrg gprcaubjgjg gomubs pcbtcs jcutrnbçrncs nkpcrtgbtfs, gssnk eckc jcs tfõocmcs quf båc sf pcjf nmbcrgr gs chrgs. Jfvf anegr eogrc quf båc onkntgkcs fssf fstujc ì tfcocmng egtõoneg. Gc ecbtrçrnc, fssfs fbsnbgkfbtcs nbeoufk c quf c pcjfr tfkpcrgo jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg qugonanecu jf `frfsngs. Fssf î uk pcbtc aubjgkfbtgo quf ubf c fstujc f g prçtneg jg mbcsf. \grgofogkfbtf g fssf fstujc nbtfofetugo, g onturmng rfprfsfbtg g pgrtf vnsëvfo sf fxprfssgbjc bgs efrnkúbngs. C ecb`fenkfbtc jcs chdftcs snkhõonecs utnonzgjcs bcs rntcs, cs mfstcs f vfstnkfbtgs rntugns, såc aubjgkfbtgns pgrg uk nbnengjc. Fssf fbsnbgkfbtc î trgbskntnjc pfoc nbtfrkîjnc jf eurscs f onvrcs acrbfenjcs gcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz eckc pgrtf jf sfu pfreursc nbnençtnec.
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Fssg pgrtf jc gprfbjnzgjc fstç fbtåc fstrfntgkfbtf onmgjg gcs sgefrjõencs ecbafrnjcs eckc pgrtf jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug` f bc mrgu jf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz. Fssf ecbdubtc ecfrfbtf pfrkntnrç gc nbnengjc sf dubtgr gc ecrgíåc jg gutäbtneg trgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz f rfgonzgr sug knssåc bc eëreuoc jcs Xcsg-Eruz.
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CU MXGBJF \GZXNGXEGU X+E Qnsecbjf Ocuns E`grofs Îjcugrj Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf (7=>8-701=) C Qnsecbjf Îjcugrj jf Ogpgssf acn uk mrgbjf jcutcr jf Zcuocussf jc sîeuoc pgssgjc, ecbtujc, sf prceurgrç fk våc sfu bckf bg chrg jf \`nonppf ]coaa4 "C pcvc jf Zcuocusf bg `nstõrng". Jf gbtnmg bchrfzg fspgb`cog, sfus gbefstrgns sf nbstgogrgk bc sujcfstf ì pgrtnr jc sîeuoc PNNN f fstgvgk gc sfrvníc jcs ecbjfs jf Acnx. Ocuns E`grofs Fjcugrj bgsefu fk 87 jf dgbfnrc jf 7=>8, sug kåf frg ukg Egrjgnooge, gong-sf gc kgrquäs jf Cskcbj, fkhgnxgjcr jc Xfn fk Ocbjrfs. Ocuns afz sfus fstujcs bc onefu jf Hcrjfgux jfpcns sfu jnrfntc fk Zcuocusf, kgs î gpgnxcbgjc pfog pcfsng. Bc fbtgbtc, fof sf fbvcovf fk ukg egrrfnrg knontgr fbtrgbjc bg eckpgb`ng jcs egvgofnrcs onmfnrcs jc Xfn fk 707:. \foc nbtfrkîjnc jf K. j'Cskcbj, fof sf tcrbcu sferftçrnc jg fkhgnxgjg f eck fssf tëtuoc vngdcu pcr tcjg g Furcpg4 Ocbjrfs (7076), @gbcvfr (7070) Hfrbg (708:). Efrtgkfbtf fof ecb`fefu rcsgeruzfs bg Gofkgb`g (onmgjcs gc hgråc Qcb Feigrts`gusfb) f pcr sug rfeckfbjgíåc acn jnrnmnjc g \gofrkc (7057) pgrg c prëbenpf Hgohngbn quf c nbnencu bc `frkftnskc jcs Xcsg-Eruz. Hgohngbn fbtåc kuntc njcsc `gvng ecb`fenjc pfsscgokfbtf Egmoncstrc. Fof tfvf gefssc ìs hnhonctfegs jcs ghgjfs jf Og Egvg, jf Kcbtf Egssnbc f jf Kcbtrfgo. Jf vcotg ì Argbíg, Jf Ogpgssf tfvf ecb`fenkfbtc jcs grqunvcs jcs Xcsg-Eruz jg Argbíg9 fof pcjf sf agknongrnzgr
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eck gs chrgs jf \grgefosc, Qgb @fokcbt, Xchfrt Aoujj, jf Jgvnj jf \ogbns-Egkpy. \grgofogkfbtf fof fstujcu kfjnenbg bg ageuojgjf jf \grns. Fof jfu kuntg nkpcrtèbeng ì fsecog jf Ugofrbc f ì fsecog jf Kcbtpfoonfr (vfr Grbguj jf Qnoofbfuvf). Kgs bubeg chtfvf c jnpockg. Vk dcrbgonstg ofmntnkgjcr jc tfkpc pgrg cs dcrbgns "Of rîbcvgtfur" cu "Og quctnjnfbbf", fof arfqufbtcu cs sgoöfs jg ecbjfssg jf Hcnmbf f tfvf gtrntc eck K. jf Xîkusgt. Jfpcns fk 70:8, vfnc g fxfrefr mrgtuntgkfbtf sfus eunjgjcs kîjnecs fk Zcuocusf. Fof nrng eurgr g fpnofpsng, tuhfreuocsf f cs rfukgtnskcs. Fof puhonecu chrgs kuntc nkpcrtgbtfs fspfengokfbtf schrf g grtf jf ecbsfrvgr g vnjg pfoc kgncr tfkpc pcssëvfo. Uchrf g `nmnfbf f g tfrgpäutneg pgrg cs pchrfs. Fof sf tcrbcu c kgbtfbfjcr jcs dcmcs aocrgns f prfsnjfbtf jg scenfjgjf jf grqufcocmng jf Zcuocusf. Fof tgkhîk sf nbtfrfsscu pfog gmrneuoturg f fserfvfu bukfrcsgs chrgs schrf g pcfsng, rckgbefs, fstujcs pcoëtnecs f anocsõanecs, a nocsõanecs, fspfengokfbtf ukg "Ansncocmng jgs bgíöfs". Fk 7016, acn pcr pcuec tfkpc ecbsfo`fnrc kubnenpgo jf Zcuocusf. Fof kcrrfu fk 701= bc egstfoc jf Oussge eck K. jf Kcbtfsquncu. Fof tfvf ukg ano`g, Hogbe`f jf sug fspcsg bgsenjg Ogmgrjf, quf qu f kcrrfu bc ofntc f tfvf g jcr jf pfrjfr fssf ano`c ôbnec pcuec jfpcns quf sf egscu eck K. jf og Hcurjcbbgyf. Fns fk quf tfrkcs c prëbenpf Hgohngbn tfrng ecbangjc gc Qnsecbjf jf Ogpgssf schrf g argtfrbnjgjf jcs Xcsg-Eruz (5)4 "fu pgssc pcr sfr Xcsg-Eruz f, eckc tgo, kf tckgk pcr Kgíck. Î uk frrc. G Argbec kgícbgrng jfu g uk jf sfus mrgus g jfbcknbgíåc jf Xcsg Eruz. (:)
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Cs prcagbcs ecbaubjfk cs kgícbs jfssg "jnmbnjgjf tfbfhrcsg", eck cs nrkåcs jg Xcsg-Eruz eudg nbstntuníåc rfkcbtg gc sîeuoc PQ. C vuomgr sf fbmgbg. Cs vfrjgjfnrcs Xcsg-Eruz fståc goîk jgs gsscengíöfs kgíúbnegs.".... "Cs gbtnmcs Xcsg-Eruz sf e`gkgvgk fbtrf fofs cs "Fjfop`fs"…tnvfrgk quf kgbtfr sch durgkfbtc sug jcutrnbg ceuotg gcs co`cs jc vuomgr... Fofs tnb`gk fbecbtrgjc uk bcvc njnckg pgrg fxprfssgr g bgturfzg jcs sfrfs... fofs sf eckprckftfrgk g sf gprfssgr gc Xfnbc \urc...". 7 - G hncmrgang jc vnsecbjf Ocuns-E`grofs-Fjcugrj jf Ogpgssf acn trgígjg pfoc ecbjf Afrbgbj jf Xfssîmunfr, Îocmf jf K. c vnsecbjf jf Ogpgssf, Dfux Aocrgux, Zcuocusf, 701>, mrçaneg Jcuogjcurf. 8 - Gssnk ìs vfzfs sf e`gkgvgk cs Xcsg-Eruz jfsjf quf Egmoncstrc fk sug "kfkõrng ecbtrg c \rceurgjcr Mfrgo" qugonanecu jf "bchrf f vngdgbtf, pgssgmfnrc f agzfbjc c hfk" (vfr g tukhg jf Aofury fk Xfbbfs-ofs-Hgnbs). 5 - Fbsgnc schrf g ecbsfrvgíåc jg vnjg, \grns 701<, Qnetcr Kgsscb : - Anrknb Hcnssnb, fk 701>, fk Qnsncbçrncs f nouknbgjcs, \grns Onfpkgbbssc`b ft Juacur 6 - C 70´, c jf Egvgofnrc Xcsg-Eruz
Anrknb Hcnssnb (7056- 70>5) Anrknb Hcnssnb bgsefu fk Qfrbcb pfrtc jf Dcyfusf, fk Grjàe`f, fk7= jf jfzfkhrc jf 7056. Jfpcns jg fsecog prnkçrng, fof afz sfus fstujcs sfeubjçrncs bc pfqufbc sfknbçrnc jf Guhfbgs f bc sfknbçrnc jf Qnvnfrs. Fof chtfvf ukg onefbengturg fk oftrgs bg ubnvfrsnjgjf jf Kcbtpfoonfr, fbsnbcu mrgkçtneg fk Egvgnoocb f fk Gvnmbcb, 16
jfpcns pgsscu gomuk tfkpc bg Fspgb`g cbjf mgb`gvg g vnjg eckc fsernvåc pôhonec. Fof acn g \grns. Fk sfmunjg fof î fkprfmgjc bg hnhonctfeg jc Grsfbgo (quf tnb`g fbtåc eckc ecbsfrvgjcr gjknbnstrgjcr \guo-Kgt`nfu Ogurfbt cu "Ogurfbt jf o'Grjàe`f") cbjf fserfvfu grtnmcs fk rfvnstgs f dcrbgns f cbjf puhonecu sugs prnkfnrgs chrgs sch c psfujúbnkc jf Unkcb Hrumgo (pgtrcbëknec jf sug gvõ kgtfrbg). Fk 701>, eck 5: gbcs, fof fserfvfu bc "Ecurrnfr jf Xcufb" f fk 70=7 sf tcrbcu rfjgtcr jc "Kfssgmfr jf Zcuocusf". Fkhcrg g kgncr pgrtf jf sug egrrfnrg sf pgsscu fk Zcuocusf, fof pfrkgbfefu onmgjc ì sug rfmnåc bgtgo, Qnvgrgns, schrf g qugo fserfvfu vçrncs rckgbefs `nstõrnecs, fk quf c kgns ecb`fenjc î Dgb jf og Oubf, rckgbef `nstõrnec fvcegbjc g ecbtrgrrfvcouíåc fk Qnvgrgns, puhonegjc fk 70==. G `nstõrng sf jfsfbrcog fk pgrtf bg aocrfstg jf \gnconvf f ecocecu fk efbg oumgrfs hfk rfgns f ecb`fenjcs jf tcjcs4 G Mofyzgssf, Ecrbnoocb, Ugnbt-Fumàbf, fte. Kgs g fserntg rckgbfseg o`f ecbafrnu ukg acríg jrgkçtneg quf sf fstfbjfu fk jfserníöfs agzfbjc gpfoc gc nkgmnbçrnc. Oumgr jf rftnrgjg f fsecbjfrndc tfkpcrçrnc pgrg cs ecbtrgrrfvcouencbçrncs jf Dgofs, anîns gc ecbjf jf Ugnoogbs. Egvfrbgs f ghrnmcs trcmocjntgs sfrvnrgk arfqufbtfkfbtf jf ghrnmc ìs pcpuogíöfs pfrsfmunjgs, g mgbmufs grkgjgs f eogbjfstnbcs4 " G Mofyzgssf î ukg mrutg ocbmg jf juzfbtcs pîs, ogrmg jf trnbtg, f gotg jf sfssfbtg, eudgs pgrtfs supfrncrfs sf dubtgk fk cmnvg f acrkgk ghõhgjg, c quf o`f jç c gspfetc jf ukg bgvf jf nmrfdg f mgb`cu sfu bckf. Fssg bgvf tfk jugs ghfrturgs4 ukg kfrmuo`g fk hgogbíc schrf c E`gssfzge9 g cutrg ofvg g uk egknb`c fsegvgjc bc egoeçrnc... " Zgkhîk tfvf ukg egrrfnrg jf erëtnec ontfrçrnc. Fk 700=, fof acn fofntc Kgbtfbfjcr jg Gegjfkng jcs Dcmcs Aocrgns jf Zcuocusf (scenfjgjf ontfrçrng aubjgjg fk Zcuocusf 11
bg Njgjf Kîjng, sfk jôvnjg g kgns gbtnmg jc kubjc cenjfbtgo). Fof tgkhîk acn kfkhrc jg Crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz. \rncr jf Zcuocusf f Eckfbjgjcr jg Crjfk, rfefhfu fk sugs anofnrgs fk 7060 Gjrnfb \îogjgb, kîjnec `ckfcpgtg f nrkåc jf Dcsîp`nb \îogjgb. Arîjîrne Hcnssnb kgbtfvf ukg agrtg ecrrfspcbjäbeng eck sug prnkg, Egknoof Qnfoagurf quf acn jfputgjg jf Grjfe`f (7007700>). Afrnjc eck ukg jcfbíg ceuogr, Anrknb Hcnssnb sf rftnrcu fk Grjfe`f cbjf kcrrfu fk 70>5 eck g njgjf jf 60 gbcs. 701=4 Cpnbnåc jf uk egtõonec schrf gs njfngs jf Kgjgkf Guhrgy, \grns 70104 Bcsscs prfmgjcrfs (Xftrgtcs f sno`uftgs), \grns, 70104 Fstujcs grtëstnecs4 Ugoåc jf 7010 701>4 Cs prfsfbtfs jc pcbtc jf vnstg snkhõonec, Crofgbs 701>4 Qnsncbçrncs f nouknbgjcs 70=64 Xfpcusc jg Hrntèbneg \grns, \guo Jgaanb, OnhrgnrfÎjntfur, Xuf Muîbîmguj. 70104 G chrg jf uk erfbtf onvrf, \grns & Zcuocusf. 70=04 C Qnvgrgns f c @frjfnrc bcs Dcmcs Aocrgns jf Zcuocusf. 70=>4 Arîjîrne Knstrgo f cs Aîonhrfs 70054 G Dgequfrnf bc Qnvgrgns jf 7=0> g 7=>5 (Unkcb Hrumgo) 70054 Vk fpnsõjnc jg Xfvcouíåc bc Hgs-Qnvgrgns 70064 Cs egkpcs jf Dgoàs 700=4 Dgb jf og Oubf 70004 C egkpcbäs bg ontfrgturg ecbtfkpcrèbfg
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700>4 G Ensåc ecbstntuencbgo bc Grjàe`f. Ogacbt-Ugvnbf, hnspc durgjc jf Qnvnfrs (Unkcb Hrumgo) 70><4 Fxeäbtrnecs Jfsgpgrfenjcs
Nrkåcs \fogjgb Gjrnfb \fogjgb (70:: ― 7006) ― Dcsfp`nb \fojgb (7060 (7060 ― 7>70) Hncmrgang ercbcoõmneg jc Jcutcr Gjrnfb \fogjgb pfoc Jr Xchfrt Uîrcr. 70:: - Bgsenkfbtc fk Bnkfs, Mgrj, Ar. fk 70 jf dub`c. 701> (86 gbcs) - Fstujcs bg Ageuojgjf jf Kfjnenbg jf Kcbtpfoonfr. 701> (86 gbcs) - tfsf fk Oycb4 Zrgtgkfbtc `ckfcpçtnec jg fspfrkgtcrrîg, jg prcstgtcrrfg, jg `npfrsferfíåc jgs moèbjuogs vuovc-vgmnbgns f jf jnvfrsgs acrkgs jfssgs gafeíöfs. \grns, Nb 0, >0 pçmnbgs. 70=6 (57 gbcs) - Fof aubjcu ukg rfvnstg4 G @ckfcpgtng jgs agkëongs f jcs kîjnecs. 70=0 (5: gbcs) - \uhonecu fk Hgnoonàrf4 Zrgtgkfbtc `frcnec jcs eçoeuocs rfbgns pcr kfnc jf kfjnegkfbtcs fspfeëanecs (Hgnoonàrf, 70=0). 7006 (:7 gbcs) - Kcrtf Fu entc kfu gknmc, c Jr. Convnfr Xghgbfs4 …." Uug kcrtf î uk fpnsõjnc trçmnec jg jnstrnhuníåc jf kfjnegkfbtcs `ckfcpçtnecs pcr uk kîjnec4 \fogjgb fbmcof ukg trnturgíåc jf fstrnebnbg fk 7¼ jfenkgo pgrg tfstgr jngbtf jf uk jcfbtf. Fof kcrrf nkfjngtgkfbtf. Vkg ecbtrcvîrsng sf sfmuf eck c aghrnegbtf4 g agrkçeng ]. Ue`wghf. Fssg pcjf båc tfr tckgjc prfeguíöfs suanenfbtfs
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gbtfs jf fbtrfmgr uk tõxnec tåc pcjfrcsc f quf chvngkfbtf jfvfrng tfr snjc jnouëjc gbtfs jg utnonzgíåc. " 7001 - \uhonegíåc põstukg jf sug chrg4 Gbgtckng `ckcoõmneg. G trnpog jugonjgjf jugonjgjf jc ecrpc `ukgbc `ukgbc f g pcogrnjgjf pcogrnjgjf jcs õrmåcs fspoèbebnecs (Hgnoonàrf, 7001) C Ugr Kîrcjgei Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb, psfujúbnkc jf Dcsfp` Gnkî \fogjgb (cu \îogjgb), bgsenjc fk Oycb fk 80 jf kgríc jf 7060, kcrrfu fk Bfunooy-sur-Ufnbf fk 8= jf dub`c jf 7>70, acn uk fserntcr, erëtnec jf grtf f ceuotnstg argbeäs. Kgrefoonb Jfshcutnb, Uèr Kîrcjgei Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb (70>7), kusfu jf hfogs grtfs jf Gbmfrs. Qnbjc jf ukg agkëong jf gmrneuotcrfs f eckfrengbtfs, Dcsfp` Gnkî \fogjgb, quf sf jgrç kgns tgrjf c bckf jf Dcsîp`nb, î ano`c jf Ocuns-Gjrnfb \fogjgb, dcrbgonstg fk G Argbíg ontfrçrng, aubjgjcr jf G Ufkgbg rfonmncsg f jf Dcsîp`nbf Qgqunfr. Ufu nrkåc kgns vfo`c, Gjrnfb, auturc kîjnec f frujntc, c nbstrunu hfk efjc jf tcjcs cs tnpcs jf ecb`fenkfbtc f, jfsjf g nbaèbeng, vngdg, g Gvnmbcb cu g Bnkfs. Fof kgbnafstcu uk fspërntc nbjfpfbjfbtf quf c ofvcu g sfr fxpuosc jc onefu pcr tfr trgtgjc uk prcafsscr jf gtfu, jfpcns jc pfqufbc sfknbçrnc jf Bnkfs. Fof fbtrg eckc aubencbçrnc jc erîjntc Agnoofoof fk \grns. Fof vngdcu g Xckg f ì Aocrfbíg cbjf anecu gpgnxcbgjc pfoc Wugttrcefbtc f pcr Ofcbgrjc jg Qnben. Jf vcotg g \grns, puhonecu ukg bcvfog, C Egknb`c jf Jgkgs, f fbtrg gc Grtnstf j'Grsàbf @cussgyf, cbjf rfjnmnu erëtnegs jf grtf. Fk 700:, fbecbtrcu Oîcb Hocy f \guo Hcurmft f fbtusngskcu Duofs Hgrhfy j'Gurfvnooy, quf fserfvf c prfaçenc jf sfu rckgbef, C Qëenc Uuprfkc fk 700:. Fssf onvrc e`fnc jf rckgbef f ceuotnskc, quf ecoceg fk efbg g outg jf acrígs sferftgs nkpogeçvfns fk jfstrunr g `ukgbnjgjf, cpöf-sf 1>
rfscoutgkfbtf gc bgturgonskc jf Tcog, fk quf jnz « fssf \crec-Tcog, fssf pcrec quf î gc kfskc tfkpc uk gsbc ¹. Fssf kgbnafstc o`f trgz ukg efofhrnjgjf nkfjngtg gcs 81 gbcs. Dfgb Ocrrgnb c gpfonjg « c pfonegbc hrgbec ¹. Fof sf nrrntcu eck Oîcb Hocy, pgsscu jcns jngs bg prnsåc pcr tfr bfmonmfbengjc jf rfmuogrnzgr sug sntugíåc knontgr f puhonecu uk mrgbjf bôkfrc jf tfxtcs nbeounbjc, sfu onvrc kgns ecb`fenjc, Nstgr. Fof sf jç c tëtuoc jf « Ugr ¹ f jc bckf hghnoúbnec « Kîrcjgei ¹. \îogjgb, eudc sghfr frg kgns hrno`gbtf quf sõonjc, acn rçpnjc pgrg fsegpgr jgs jnseussöfs quf c ecocegvgk bg hfronbjg. (...) Fof fstgvg fbtåc nbtcxnegjc pfoc suefssc jf sfu Qëenc Uuprfkc Uu prfkc f pfog eurncsnjgjf quf fof jfspfrtcu bcs sgoöfs, cbjf fof tfbtgvg agzfr sfbsgíåc. C tëtuoc jf Kgmc båc o`f frg suanenfbtf, fof sf prckcvfu g Ugr, c quf snmbnaneg Xfn fk gssërnc. Fof fstgvg pfraukgjc pfocs sftf pfraukfs ecrrfspcbjfbtfs gcs sftf pogbftgs, kgs c fuegonptc jcknbgvg nkpfrncsgkfbtf. Vkg mcog ogrmg jf rfbjg sfk mrgvgtg fbvcovng sfu pfsecíc, kgs kujcu c suanenfbtf pgrg rfefhfr uk mrgbjf huquä jf vncoftgs9 sugs ouvgs jf pfof enbzg tnb`gk hgstöfs kgovg eck rfaofxcs jcurgjcs. Fssfs bckfs f prfafräbengs jf vfstuçrnc - « jrgpfgjc fk prftc qufnkgjc fk pfoc jf egkfoc eck anoftfs eck ancs jf curc, fk vfo`c vfoujc gzuo, hctgs jf egkuríg, f, eckc Ghsgocb, jf eghfocs eckprnjcs Y…[ g hgrhg ubmnjg eck õofc jf efjrc ¹ - , agzfk jfof uk govc jf egrnegturnstgs f `ukcrnstgs4 fof î gpfonjgjc « c Kgmc jf Fpnbgo ¹, c "Ugr dgbtgr eck õofc", « \ogtåc jc Zfrrgno ¹ cu gnbjg « c Ugr pfjgogbtf ¹. Xcjcop`f Ugons cusg c erufo « Grtgxfrafssf ¹, quf o`f vgof pfbg jf geusgíåc. Wugbjc fof sf gpgnxcbg pcr ]gmbfr, fof acn g Hgyrfut` vfstnjc eck uk `çhntc hrgbec, ukg tôbneg gzuo eîu, uk hghgjc jf rfbjg f hctgs jf egkuríg, eck uk mugrjg-e`uvg prfsc gc ogjc pcr uk enbtc jf ckhrc. Uf g vnôvg jf ]gmbfr sf rfeusg g rfefhä-oc bfssf mrupc, nssc båc c nkpfjf jf puhonegr gs õpfrgs jf ]gmbfr fk argbeäs eck sugs gbctgíöfs « fk kgtîrng jf tfrgpäutneg pgrg jfsnbtcxnegr g Argbíg jf sfu kgtfrngonskc ¹. =<
Ufk agosg kcjîstng fof ganrkcu4 « Fu ecbqunstfn, pcr tgofbtcs, tgovfz jf mäbnc, c jnrfntc jf kfu pfbsgkfbtc pofbc, nbtfnrc, f jngbtf jf tcjcs. Fu tfb`c sfns kno bcntfs quf gkgrgk jnmbgkfbtf g oëbmug argbefsg9 fu pcssc jnzfr tujc fk argbeäs. Fu scu uk mcvfrbgbtf sfk sudfníåc. ¹ Fk 700= fof aubjcu eck \gpus, quf q uf prcvgvfokfbtf c nbnencu, f Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg g prnkfnrg ocdg kgrtnbnstg fk \grns, \ grns, bg rug \nmgoof. Acn eck sfu nrkåc Gjrnfb (70::-7006), uk jcs prnkfnrcs `ckfcpgtgs argbefsfs, quf Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb jfvf sug fbtrgjg bc rgkc jf Zcuocusf jg Xcsg-Eruz. Fk 7000, \fogjgb aubjcu eck Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz quf tgkhîk geco`f \gpus f E`grofs Hgroft. Entgbjc ukg rfeusg jg kgmng cpfrgtnvg, sf sfpgrcu jc mrupc fk 70>7 pgrg aubjgr g crjfk jg Xcsg-Eruz egtõoneg f fstîtneg jc Zfkpoc f jc Mrggo. Fof eckpús g aõrkuog « Gj Xcsgk pfr Eruefk gj Eruefk pfr Xcsgk, nb fg nb fns mfkkgtus rfsurmgk - Bcb bchns bcb bchns Jcknbf, sfj bcknbns tun mocrng scon, Gkfb ¹ (quf nbecrpcrg ukg jnvnsg tfkpoçrng gjnencbgbjc ukg bctg rcsgeruz (Eckc sf tcrbgr kgmc (70>8). Fssg aõrkuog sfrç rftckgjg kgns tgrjf pcr cutrcs kcvnkfbtcs rcsgeruzfs. Bc gbc sfmunbtf, fof crmgbnzcu c prnkfnrc jcs Ugoöfs jg XcsgEruz, jf 7< jf kgríc g 7< jf ghrno, bg mgofrng Jurgbj-Xufo 4 « Bgqufof jng, c njfgo tfvf sfu tfkpoc f sfus egvgofnrcs, f bõs, Kgeghfus jc Hfoc, ackcs ofvgr g Bctrf-Jgkf, gcs pîs jf bcssc sfb`cr Dfsus Ernstc, g `ckfbgmfk jc tfkpoc f cs XcsgEruz sf gdcfo`gbjc. ¹ Yrfa. bfefssçrng[. Acn uk mrgbjf suefssc. Ufssfbtg grtnstgs pgrtnenpgrgk, goîk jf vçrncs pnbtcrfs f fseuotcrfs jf tgofbtc (Afrjnbgbj @cjofr, Afrbgbj I`bcpaa, Dfgb Jfovnoof, Egrocs Ue`wghf, Gbtcnbf Hcurjfoof). Qnbtf kno pgrnsnfbsfs f tcjc c \grns kubjgbc f grtëstnec, Utîp`gbf =7
Kgoogrkî, Îknof Tcog, \guo Qfrognbf, Mustgvf Kcrfgu, vnfrgk vnsntgr, gc sck jc prfoôjnc jf \grsnago f cs scbs jf trckpftf eckpcstcs pcr Frni Ugtnf. Qçrncs sgoöfs jg Xcsg-Eruz sfmunrgk jf 70>8 g 70>=. Uf kuntcs goubcs jf Mustgvf Kcrfgu eckc Mfcrmfs Xcuguot cu cs quf sf tcrbgråc Bghns pgrtnenpgrgk, gomubs grtnstgs eckc Fjwgrj Hurbf-Dcbfs, \nfrrf \uvns jf E`gvgbbfs cu Mustgvf Kcrfgu rfeusgrgk c ecbvntf. Fssfs sgoöfs pfrkgbfefk uk jcs kgncrfs fvfbtcs jg ôotnkg jîegjg jc sîeuoc PNP, fofs anmurgk g rfbcvgíåc jc njfgonskc f tfstfkub`c jf ukg tfbjäbeng pgrg c fspnrntugo quf gbnkcu cs mrgbjfs kcvnkfbtcs jg grtf jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc PP. \fogjgb gkhnencbgvg fxtnrpgr g afnurg jc kubjc kcjfrbc, sf cpcbjc gssnk gc kgtfrngonskc gkhnfbtf9 eckc tgo, fof acn uk pcrtg-vcz jc kcvnkfbtc snkhconstg. Fof rfjnmnu vçrncs kgbnafstcs quf tfstfkub`gk ukg mrgbjf euoturg grtëstneg f ukg bctçvfo Xfautgíåc fstîtneg jf Zgnbf quf geckpgb`g sug chrg prnbenpgo, g Grtf njfgonstg f këstneg (\grns, 70>:). Gjvcmgbjc ukg sgergonzgíåc jg grtf f jg vnjg, \fogjgb cptg jfonhfrgjgkfbtf pcr ukg trgbsafräbeng jc rfonmncsc pgrg g grtf, bg kgns purg trgjníåc jf Hgujfognrf. Ufu tck, cs sëkhcocs fseco`njcs pgrg g Xcsg-Eruz, båc pfrtfbefk rfgokfbtf g uk fsctfrnskc quf acn arfqufbtfkfbtf egrnegturgjc, kgs kcstrgk ukg vcbtgjf jf sf cpcr gc trnvngo f nbgumurgk ukg prçtneg « puhonentçrng ¹ quf cs vgbmugrjnstgs fxpocrgrgk ghubjgbtfkfbtf bg sfquäbeng. Uf \fogjgb utnonzcu uk tck arfqufbtfkfbtf pcoäknec cu oërnec, rfvfogjcr jf sfu egrçtfr gpgnxcbgjc, î gc sfrvníc jf ecbvneíöfs snbefrgs f jf ukg jfafsg jg mrgbjfzg jg grtf quf fof ecbsnjfrgvg prcstntuëjg sch ukg Zfrefnrg Xfpôhoneg arfqufbtfkfbtf kfregbtnonstg. Hncmrgang bg ]ninpfjng
=8
Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg (7017 ― 70>=) 7´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Bgsenjc fk Ocrrgnbf fk 1 jf ghrno jf 7017 bc e`ètfgu j„Gotfvnoof, pfrtc jf Zgrqunkpco, Utgbnsogs jf Mugãtg vfnc, pcr pgrtf jf sug kåf, Kgrnf-Gkîonf Mrgbjdfgb, jf ukg agkëong jf Ocrrgnbf, f pcr sfu pgn, Argbícns-\guo jf Mugntg, jf ukg gbtnmg agkëong bchrf jf crnmfk Ockhgrjg (Ntçong), fstghfofenjg fk Ocrrgnbf g pgrtnr jf 70<<. Fof tnb`g c tëtuoc jf Kgrquäs. Jfsjf c Onefu fk Bgbey, pcr vcotg jf 700<, sf tcrbcu gknmc jf Kgurnef Hgrràs, quf fof agrç kgns tgrjf sf dubtgr gc kgrtnbnskc. C prfaçenc jf ukg jgs fjníöfs jf « Bc onkngr jc knstîrnc ¹ î goîk jnssc, gssnbgjc pcr Kgurnef Hgrràs. G @nstõrng båc jnz sf cs jcns `ckfbs eckpgrtno`gvgk gs kfskgs ecbvneíöfs pcoëtnegs4 Hgrràs fvcounu jf agtc jf uk fstftnenskc nbjnvnjugonstg quf sf rfaoftf hfk fk sfu "euotc jc Fu" g ukg këstneg bgencbgonstg f egtõoneg jg Zfrrg f jcs kcrtcs, efbtrgjg schrf c pgtrnctnskc jf Ocrrgnbf f rfpuhonegbc. Acn bcs fserntcs jf \fogjgb quf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg fbecbtrcu sug prnkfnrg pcrtg jf fbtrgjg bc ubnvfrsc jg Zrgjníåc. Jfpcns jg ofnturg jg chrg jf Îonp`gs Oîvn, g pgrtnr jg qugo fof sf tcrbgrç eckfbtgrnstg f hgduogjcr, c nbnencu gc knstnenskc ernståc9 Aghrf j„Convft c crnfbtcu gcs mrgbjfs knstîrncs fk mfrgo f bg oëbmug `fhrgneg9 f Ugnbt-^vfs j'Govfyjrf c ubnu ì egusg snbçrquneg. \gpus, prnkfnrc rnjneuogrnzgjc pcr fof pfog fseco`g jf sfu psfujúbnkc, jfpcns rfghnontgjc, sf tcrbcu uk mrgbjf gknmc. Ì ouz jf tcjgs fssgs nbaouäbengs, Mugntg jfafbjfu uk fspnrntugonskc fxgotgbjc g Zrgjníåc ernstå, quf, mrgígs gc fvfbtugo fstghfofenkfbtc jg snbgrqung - acrkg njfgo jf mcvfrbc -, jfvfrng ecbjuznr gc gjvfbtc jc rfnbc jf Jfus. Fk 7000, bc kfskc fspërntc, aubjcu eck \fogjgb g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz, jg qugo nkfjngtgkfbtf \gpus afz pgrtf. Fbtrf cs kfkhrcs sfråc bctgjcs bckfs kgns tgrjf pgssgjcs ì pcstfrnjgjf eckc c hgbqufnrc jcs grtnstgs, Convnfr Juhs. =5
\fogjgb sfpgrcu-sf fk sfmunjg pgrg aubjgr cutrg crjfk4 g Xcsg-Eruz egtõoneg, gofmgbjc sug rfeusg g kgmng cpfrgtnvg. Fk 70>5, g crjfk jf Mugntg acn gtgegjg pcr @uyskgbs, quf c geuscu jf `gvfr egtnvgjc ì jnstèbeng c fx-ghgjf jf Oycb Dcsfp`-Gbtcnbf Hcuoogb. Jufocs sf sfmunrgk9 @uyskgbs f Duofs Hcns sf cpusfrgk g \gpus f Mugntg. Utgbnsogs frg fbtåc uk dcvfk pcftg bc fstnoc jf Hgujfognr g qufk Kfbjfs tnb`g geghgjc jf rfvfogr Îonp`gs Oîvn, fserfvfu Gognb Kfrenfr fk Gs Acbtfs fsctîrnegs f ceuotgs jg pcfsng snkhconstg, 70=<-7>7: (7>1>). Kgs Kfrenfr gjnecbg quf Mugntg pcftg (Cs \çssgrcs jf pgssgmfk, 70079 G Kusg bfmrg, 70059 Xcsg kystneg, 7006) « pcr sfu eogssnenskc jf acrkg f jf fserntg, î kgns prõxnkc jcs pgrbgsngbcs quf jcs snkhconstgs, jf kcjc quf `gvng bfof jcns sfrfs jnstnbtcs4 c `frkftnstg grnstcergtg f mfbfrcsc pcr uk ogjc, c pcftg gtcrkfbtgjc f nbqunftc jf grtnaëencs pcr cutrc ¹. \grg nbacrkgíåc, Xcsg kystneg fstç jnspcbëvfo bg Hnhonctfeg Vbnvfrsntçrng jg ageuojgjf jf oftrgs jf Bgbey, fk fjníåc crnmnbgo. Nbtcxnegjc pcr jrcmgs, c `ckfk kcrrfu prfkgturgkfbtf, fk 7> jf jfzfkhrc jf 70>=, eck g njgjf jf 51 gbcs. Acn fbtfrrgjc bc efkntîrnc jf Zgrqunkpco. Gomubs gofmgrgk quf fof sueukhnu gc quf sfrng e`gkgjc `cdf jf cvfrjcsf, kgs fssg tfsf î jfskfbtnjg pfog agkëong. \grfef quf fof acn ofvgjc pcr mrgvfs prchofkgs rfbgns. Fbtrftgbtc, båc sf pcjf fxeounr quf c fserntcr, bgs mgrrgs jc scarnkfbtc, f sfbtnbjc sfu ank prõxnkc, pcjfrng tfr rfecrrnjc kgenígkfbtf ì ecegëbg f tgovfz cutrcs prcjutcs eckc g `frcëbg. "G Eceg, eckc c `gxnxf, kgs jf cutrgs acrkgs, fxfref schrf c ecrpc gstrgo ukg gíåc jnrftg f pcjfrcsg9 sfu usc ecstukfnrc jfsvfbjg, bc `ckfk, efrtgs onmgíöfs eckprfssnvgs jf sug bgturfzg `npfraësneg, - onmgíöfs eudg pfrsnstäbeng î pgrg g mrgbjf kgncrng ukg mgrgbtng jf sgôjf. Uf fu agofn sfk rftneäbengs schrf fssf pcbtc, fbecbtrgrfn nberîjuocs, kfskc fbtrf cs ceuotnstgs. Jfvc kf onkntgr g uk ecbsfo`c. - Qceä quf tfk sug vnjg, sug rgzåc, g sgôjf jf sug gokg, fvntf eckc g pfstf gs nbdfíöfs =:
`npcjîrknegs jf ecegëbg. Ufk agogr bc `çhntc kuntc acrtf quf sf erng (kgns nkpfrncsc gnbjg, kgns tfbgz f kgns aubfstc efk vfzfs quf qugoqufr cutrc jc kfskc tnpc), uk fstgjc pgrtneuogr bgsefu." (G Ufrpfbtf jc Mäbfsns, prnkfnrc sftfbçrnc, egp. Q4 C grsfbgo jc afntnefnrc). Fk ecoghcrgíåc eck sfu sferftçrnc f gknmc Cswgoj ]nrt`, fof afz uk Zgrú quf gnbjg î puhonegjc bc kckfbtc sch c bckf jf Zgrú jf ]nrt`. Hnhoncmrgang4
Argbícns E`grofs Hgroft (7050 ― 7>87) 8´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Gohfrt Ague`fux chtfvf sfu hge`grfogjc fk 701:. Fof vgn rfgonzgr sfus fstujcs jf jnrfntc fk Jndcb sch prfssåc jf sfu pgn. Chtfvf sug onefbengturg fk 701=, jfpcns î gjkntnjc bg Gjknbnstrgíåc jf Xfmnstrc. Acn jfsnmbgjc pgrg g Eõrsfmg, jfpcns bg kftrõpcof. Fof tfrknbcu sug egrrfnrg fk Ghhfvnoof fk 70>> eck c tëtuoc jf jnrftcr jf Xfmnstrc. A.-E`. Hgroft acn uk jcs prnkfnrcs kfkhrcs jc rgkc argbeäs jg Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg 7, quf fof jfnxcu bg kfskg îpceg quf \gpus fk 7000. Fk 700=, gc ogjc jf \gpus, Dcsîp`nb \fogjgb, \guo Uîjnr, Ouenfb E`gkufo, Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, Gumustnb E`ghcsfgu f jf vçrncs cutrcs, acn kfkhrc jc Mrupc nbjfpfbjfbtf jf fstujcs fsctîrnecs (MNJFF). Wugbjc c MNJFF tckcu c bckf jf Fsecog `frkîtneg, A.-E`. Hgroft acn uk jcs sftf ecbsfo`fnrcs, sfkprf eck \gpus, jg Ageuojgjf jf enäbengs `frkîtnegs quf fkgbg jfof. Gnbjg eck \gpus, î kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz fk 7000 - fk quf sf tcrbg Mrgbjf Kfstrf fk jfzfkhrc jf 70>= eck g kcrtf jf Mugntg - jfpcns kfkhrc jc \rnkfnrc Uuprfkc Ecbsfo`c jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg fk kgríc jf 70>7. Î pcssëvfo quf A.-E`. Hgroft tfb`g ecb`fenjc Kgx Z`îcb jfsjf 70=7. \grfef fstghfofenjc quf, pcr vcotg jf 7006, fof acn =6
kfkhrc jg @frkftne Hrct`fr`ccj ca Ouxcr (@H ca O) aubjgjg fk Ocbjrfs pcr Z`îcb. Wugbjc c « Kcvnkfbtc eõsknec ¹ suefjfu g @H ca O, A.-E`. Hgroft sf tcrbcu c rfprfsfbtgbtf fk \grns. Fof acn jnrftcr jf G Xfvnsåc Eõskneg jf 7><7 g 7><5 f tckcu pgrtf jg puhonegíåc jcs jcns prnkfnrcs vcoukfs jg Zrgjníåc eõskneg fk 7><5. \cr jugs vfzfs, fk 7><< f 7><7, fof vnsntcu Z`îcb fk sug prcprnfjgjf jf Zofkefb. A.-E`. Hgroft tgkhîk acn « hnspc¹ jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg aubjgjg pcr Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70><, f rfprfsfbtgbtf bg Argbíg jc Efbtrc fsctîrnec crnfbtgo, quf fof jfnxcu fk 7><0 qugbjc sfu aubjgjcr, Gohfrt jf Ugrìi, acn jfskgsegrgjc eckc trgpgefnrc.
\gpus (7016 ― 7>71) 5´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Mîrgrj Gbgeoft Qnbefbt Fbegussf, e`gkgjc \gpus (75 duo`c jf 7016 fk Og Ecrcmbf - 86 jf cutuhrc jf 7>71 fk \grns), acn a cn uk kîjnec f ceuotnstg argbeäs, Bgsenjc fk 75 jf duo`c jf 7016, bg Fspgb`g, fk Og Ecrcmbf, jf uk pgn argbeäs f kåf fspgb`cog, Mîrgrj Fbegussf pgsscu sug duvfbtujf fk \grns, cbjf rfefhfu jcutcrgjc fk kfjnenbg fk duo`c jf 70>:. Gbtfs kfskc jf tfrknbgr sfus fstujcs, pcr vcotg jf 7001, fof sf jfu g tgrfag jf outgr ecbtrg c enfbtnanenskc jg îpceg jnaubjnbjc ukg jcutrnbg quf snbtftnzgvg jnvfrscs gspfetcs jc fsctfrnskc cenjfbtgo jg îpceg, rfprfsfbtgjc pfoc quëknec Ocuns Ouegs, c kgtfkçtnec ]rcbsin, c goqunknstg Eyongbn, c pntgmõrnec Ogeurng, c kgmbftnzgjcr @fetcr Jurvnoof, Gbtcnbf Aghrf j'Convft, Gofxgbjrf Ugnbt-^vfs j'Govfyjrf. Fbegussf sf afz e`gkgr jf \gpus jf gecrjc eck c bckf jf uk fspërntc jc Buetfkfrcb, gtrnhuëjc g Gpcoúbnc jf Zngbg. C pfbsgkfbtc jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb jfnxcu schrf fof
=1
ukg kgreg prcaubjg g pgrtnr jf gprcxnkgjgkfbtf 700>, pcuec jfpcns jf sug rupturg (70><) eck g Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg jf Kkf Hogvgtsiy. Fof aubjcu eck Gumustnb E`ghcsfgu fk 70>7 g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg, quf jfvf sfu bckf ì kfkõrng jf Ocuns-Eogujf jf Ugnbt-Kgrtnb f ì jf D. Kgrtnbàs jf \gsqugooy. Fof rferutcu kfkhrcs fk bukfrcscs pgësfs, fspfengokfbtf g Xôssng. Bg rfvnstg canengo jg Crjfk, G Nbnengíåc, quf \gpus aubjcu fk 7000, fbecbtrgkcs cs bckfs jf Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, \fogjgb, E`grofs Hgroft, Kgtmncn, Kgre @gvfb, \guo Uîjnr, Gohfrt jf Xce`gs j'Gnmoub, Ouenfb E`gkufo, Afrbgbj Xcznfr. Kgs jurgbtf kuntc tfkpc, cs bckfs jf Kgrtnbfs jf \gsqugooy, Ugnbt-Kgrtnb, cu ]noofrkcz acrgk kuntc kfbcs entgjcs quf cs jf Aghrf j„Convft f jf Fonp`gs Oîvn. \guo Gjgk, Kgurnef Hgrràs, Qnetcr-Îknof Kne`foft, \îogjgb, Egknoof Aogkkgrncb, Fkkg Egovî, Gohfrt jf Xce`gs fståc fbtrf cs prnkfnrcs kgrtnbnstgs jf rfbckf. \gpus sf ganoncu, jurgbtf sug vnjg, g vçrngs crmgbnzgíöfs nbnençtnegs, ì Ucenfjgjf Zfcsõaneg jf @fofbg Hogvgtsiy fb 700=, ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz jf \fogjgb f Mugntg fk 7000, ì Nmrfdg mbõstneg jg Argbíg jf Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70>8, g @frkftne Crjfr ca t`f Mcojfb Jgwb fk 70>6, ì argbec kgícbgrng jc Xntc jf Uwfjfbhcrm (7><7), fk quf acn c Mrgbjf Kfstrf, gc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgãk fk 7><0, ì Crjc Zfkpon Crnfbtns. Fof fbtrcu arfqufbtfkfbtf fk ecbaontc eck cs prcpcbfbtfs jgs ocdgs kgíúbnegs e`gkgjgs « rfmuogrfs ¹ f fk 8: jf dub`c jf 7><0, crmgbnzcu fk \grns ukg ecbafräbeng nbtfrbgencbgo kgíúbneg bg qugo pgrtnenpgrgk rfprfsfbtgíöfs jf chfjnäbengs kgíúbnegs « jf kgrmfk ¹. \cr cutrc ogjc, \gpus ecbstntunu, fk jfzfkhrc jf 700>, uk mrupc quf crmgbnzgvg pfsqunsgs, eurscs f ecbafräbengs schrf cs jnvfrscs gspfetcs jc fsctfrnskc cenjfbtgo, c Mrupc Nbjfpfbjfbtf jf Fstujcs Fsctîrnecs (MNFF) quf sf tcrbcu c eëreuoc fxtfrbc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg, f tckcu c bckf jf ==
Ageuojgjf Onvrf jf Enäbengs @frkîtnegs fk kgríc jf 70>=. Cs eurscs frgk bukfrcscs (gprcxnkgjgkfbtf jczf pcr käs), f cs gssubtcs fstujgjcs trgtgvgk jf Ighhgog, Goqunkng, tgrú jnvnbgtõrnc, pgssgbjc pfog `nstõrng jg anocscang `frkîtneg. \gpus, Uîjnr, Qnetcr-Îknof Kne`foft, Afrbgbj Xcznfr f G. E`ghcsfgu, fbtrf cutrcs, frgk cs prcafsscrfs. G sfíåc jf Goqunkng, jnrnmnjg pcr Argbícns Dcoonvft-Egstfoct, acn g crnmfk jg Ucenfjgjf Goquëkneg jg Argbíg. Fssf vgstc kcvnkfbtc `frkîtnec, jc qugo \gpus frg ukg jgs gokgs gtugbtfs, butrnu g ontfrgturg f gs grtfs jg îpceg, \fogjgb, Egtuoof Kfbjàs, \guo Gjgk, Qnoonfrs jf o„Nsof-Gjgk, jfrgk gomubs tfxtcs gcs prnkfnrcs bôkfrcs jf G Nbnengíåc. Gumust Utrnbjhfrm, jurgbtf sug fstgjg fk \grns, tgkhîk pgrtnenpcu, kgs kgns pgrg eckpgrtno`gr sugs fxpfrnäbengs jf goqunkng. Gs chrgs jf \gpus tgkhîk kgregrgk cs dcvfbs pnbtcrfs jntcs Bghns. Eck Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, \gpus sf fbvcovfu bc egsc Hcuoogb, quf cs cpús g Duofs Hcns ft g D.-I. @uyskgbs, fk 70>5. \gpus sfmunu fk sfu trghgo`c jf kîjnec, uk egknb`c nmugokfbtf crnmnbgo, utnonzgbjc fspfengokfbtf g `ckfcpgtng, jcsnkftrng, foftrctfrgpng. Fof erncu, eck sfu pgn quëknec, rug Xcjnfr bc >´ jnstrntc jf \grns, uk nbstntutc jf sgôjf, fspfengonzgjc fk hgb`cs, auknmgíöfs f kgssgmfbs, f ghrnu uk mghnbftf jf ecbsuotgs kîjnegs, bg rug Hgozge, fk Zcurs quf o`f gtrgnu ukg bukfrcsg eonfbtfog. Fof rfsnjnu fk \grns, fk jnafrfbtfs fbjfrfícs jg Qnoog Kcbtkcrfbey, f, bc anbgo jf sug vnjg, bg Xug jf Xce`fe`cugrt, 1= bc >´ jnstrntc. \gpus kcrrfu fk 86 jf cutuhrc jf 7>71, fk \grns, eckc rfsuotgjc jf sfu sfrvníc jf canengo kîjnec jc fxîrentc bg arfbtf jc Ofstf jurgbtf c cutcbc f nbvfrbc jf 7>7:. Acn fbtfrrgjc bc efkntîrnc \àrf-Oge`gnsf, bg (jnvnsåc >5)
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Zfjfr (3 ― 7>70) :´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. E`grofs Jftrf, kgns ecb`fenjc pfoc bckf "Zfjfr", acn c suefsscr jc Mrgbjf Kfstrgjc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg gpõs \gpus, f acn c prfjfefsscr jf Dfgb Hrneguj. Fof tfvf ukg acrtf eckprffbsåc jc rntugo, f gtugonzcu cs rntugns kgrtnbnstgs jfsfbvcovnjcs pcr \gpus (fk argbeäs). Frgk hgsfgjcs bcs kgtfrngns quf `gvng `frjgjc pcr Argbícns-E`grofs Hgroft f Fjcugrj Hontz. Zfjfr fstgvg fbvcovnjc fk vçrncs eëreuocs kgíúbnecs, kgíúbnecs, f acn pcr pcr nbtfrkîjnc jf uk ecbtgtc (Jr. Îjcugrj jf Xnhguecurt) quf fk 7>7: Zfjfr f \gpus fstghfofefrgk, cu rfstghfofefrgk, ukg onmgíåc fbtrf g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg f g onb`gmfk rftnanegjg jc Xntc Fseceäs/EHEU jf Dfgb-Hgptnstf ]noofrkcz. Zfjfr tgkhîk fstgvg fbvcovnjc bgs sfíöfs argbefsgs jc Xntc jf Uwfjfbhcrm f jc Xntc jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk. Gomukgs jf sugs onb`gmfbs fsctîrnegs nbnengns prcvnb`gk jc kgíck nbmoäs Dc`b ^grifr, kgs acrgk rfacrígjgs bcs eëreuocs fsctîrnecs bg Furcpg ecbtnbfbtgo. Wugbjc \gpus kcrrfu fk 7>71, fof acn suhstntuëjc pcr E`grofs Jftrf (Zfjfr), fk quf c vnef mrgbjf kfstrf frg Qnetcr Hogbe`grj. Zfjfr ecbsnjfrgvg quf g Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg schrfvnvfrng kfo`cr sf fstnvfssf onmgjg g ukg crmgbnzgíåc kgíúbneg f fof fseco`fu pgrg nssc c rntc gbtnmc f prnkntnvc jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk, sfbjc fssf c kgns fsctîrnec. Zfjfr nkpús prî-rfqunsntcs kgíúbnecs. \cr fxfkpoc, uk egbjnjgtc jfvfrng sfr Kfstrf Kgíck jf Kfkp`ns-Knsrgnk gbtfs jf pcjfr rfefhfr c \rnkfnrc Mrgu. Jfvfrng tfr c 70´ mrgu, gbtfs jf rfefhfr c 8´ mrgu f c 5<´ mrgu jc Xntc jf Kfkp`nsKnsrgnk pgrg rfefhfr c tfrefnrc mrgu jc Kgrtnbnskc. Fbtrftgbtc, c prõprnc Zfjfr kcrrfu fk 7>70, f acn cafrfenjc c Mrgbjf Kfstrgjc g Qnetcr Hogbe`grj quf rfeuscu, pcrquf
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fof ecbsnjfrgvg quf gs rfstrníöfs kgíúbnegs frgk uk jfsvnc jc vfrjgjfnrc fspërntc jc Kgrtnbnskc. Dfgb Hrneguj tcrbcu-sf fbtåc Mrgbjf Kfstrf jg Crjfk f jfsocecu c qugrtfo mfbfrgo pgrg Oycb4 fog sf tcrbcu ecb`fenjg pfoc bckf jf Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg jf Oycb. Î nbtfrfssgbtf ecbstgtgr quf sfu egrmc bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz pfrkgbfefu ecbtëbuc f jnserftc, c quf pfrkntnu ì Crjfk fsegpgr jcs ecbaontcs quf cs mrupcs kgrtnbnstgs f kgíúbnecs ecb`fefrgk.
Dfgb Hrneguj (7007 ― 7>5:) 6´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Dfgb Hrneguj vfnc jf jf ukg agkëong jf egkpcbfsfs, egkpcbfsfs, f fbtrcu pgrg c pfqufbc sfknbçrnc jf Kfxnknfux. Jurgbtf sug gjcofseäbeng, jfsechrnu onvrcs jf ceuotnskc, c quf c ecbjuznu g rfeusgr prcssfmunr sfus fstujcs bc sfknbçrnc kgncr. Fbtåc sf anxcu a nxcu fk Oycb f fbtrcu pgrg c Erîjntc jf Oycb (fk 70>=), scenfjgjf bg qugo trghgo`cu tcjg sug vnjg. Fof acn kchnonzgjc jurgbtf g prnkfnrg mufrrg kubjngo. Egscu-sf eck Kgrnf-Gbbf Bfysscb (700:-7>60) fk = jf cutuhrc jf 7><6, jf quf sf jnvcrencu (7>77), pgrg sf egsgr eck (8 jf jfzfkhrc jf 7>8>) Fumîbnf Gbtcnbfttf Goofkgbj (700:-7>60), (700:-7>60), quf c gpcncu f c gdujcu fk sug egrrfnrg ceuotnstg. Fk Oycb, fof fbecbtrcu vçrncs ceuotnstgs4 Gumustf Qgbjfifri`cvf, gongs U.V. Tgbbf (7050-7>85), Mfrvgns-Gbbft Hcue`ft (7015-7>8=), gongs Fonf Gotg, cu Fonf Utffo, quf c gprfsfbtcu gc Jr Fkkgbufo Ogogbjf (7010-7>81), ëbtnkc jf Mîrgrj Fbegussf, quf c gprfsfbtcu g sfu pgjrgstc Bnznfr Gbt`fokf \`nonppf (70:>-7><6) tgukgturmc ecb`fenjc pfoc bckf jf "Kfstrf \`nonppf". Fstf jnrnmng fk Oycb g Fsecog prçtneg jf kgmbftnskc bg qugo Hrneguj sf nbserfvfu fk 1 jf jfzfkhrc jf 70>=. Fof fserfvfu ukg hrce`urg gc Kfstrf \`nonppf (fk 7>8=). Ufmuf cutrcs gsscengjcs jf Oycb4 c 0<
anoõscac \nfrrf-Egknoof Xfvfo (7065-7>58), c kgmbftnzgjcr fspërntg Gop`cbsf Hcuvnfr (7067-7>57), f Dgequfs E`grrct (7057-7>77), goubc jf Fonp`gs Oîvn, quf sf tcrbcu sfu kfstrf jf ighhgog f kgmng. Fk 7><7, Oîcbef Aghrf jfs Fssgrts (70:0-7>7=) ecbsgmrcu Hrneguj hnspc jf Oycb, sch c bckf jf "Zgu Dc`gbbfs", bg Nmrfdg Mbõstneg jg Argbíg (cu Nmrfdg Mbõstneg Qgofbtnbngbg) aubjgjg pcr Duofs Jcnbfo fk 70><. Fk 7><=, Hrneguj rckpfu eck Aghrf A ghrf jfs Fssgrts pgrg aubjgr sfu prõprnc rgkc jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg. Hrneguj, Aumgnrcb f Fbegussf, fk ukg prnkfnrg tfbtgtnvg, bckfgrgk sfu rgkc jg Nmrfdg4 Nmrfdg egtõoneg mbõstneg. Jfpcns jf 7><=, pgrg jnstnbmunr eogrgkfbtf cs jcns rgkcs jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg, g jf Aghrf jfs Fssgrts anecu ecb`fenjg pfoc bckf jf « Nmrfdg mbõstneg jg Argbíg ¹. Fk afvfrfnrc jf 7><0, c sëbcjc fpnsecpgo jg Nmrfdg egtõoneg mbõstneg sf rfubnu f fofmfu Hrneguj eckc \gtrngreg sch c bckf jf "Dfgb NN". Fk 7><0 g Nmrfdg egtõoneg mbõstneg vnu sfu bckf kujgr pgrg Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo. Fk 7>77, \gpus afz jfssg Nmrfdg g canengo jc Kgrtnbnskc. Fk 7>1<, Xchfrt Gkhfognb kujcu c bckf jf « Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo ¹ pgrg « Nmrfdg mbõstneg gpcstõoneg ¹. Dfgb Hrneguj tgkhîk sf tcrbcu kgíck jc Xntc jf Kfkp`nsKnsrgãk. Fof acn, pcr uk tfkpc, c jnseëpuoc jc Kfstrf \`nonppf jf Oycb. Acn crjfbgjc sgefrjctf fk 86 jf duo`c jf 7>78 pfoc Kcbsfb`cr Ocuns-Kgrnf Mnrguj, hnspc jgNmrfdg Mgonegbg, f chtfvf, fk 87 jf duo`c jf 7>75, g "ecbsgmrgíåc fpnsecpgo" jc kfskc hnspc, bg knbg jf Ugnbt-Gkgbj, pfrtc jf Gkhfrt (\uy-jf-Júkf). \crtgbtc, g rfbcvgíåc mbõstneg jnz sfr jf ukg "suefssåc gpcstõoneg", jf gecrjc eck uk kcjc ecrrfbtf fk efrtcs kfncs ceuotnstgs jg îpceg4 kgs, fvnjfbtfkfbtf g Nmrfdg mgonegbg båc frg g jf Xckg (f fstgvg pfoc kfbcs pgrengokfbtf onmgjg gc kcvnkfbtc tfcscanstg), g vgonjgjf jfssg « suefssåc gpcstõoneg ¹ frg ecbsnjfrgjg eckc noëentg gcs co`gr jc egtconenskc rckgbc (eõjnmcs jf jnrfntcs egbúbnecs 7557, § 7, 8 9 ea. ENE 7>7=, E. 8817, § 7).
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Hrneguj frg nbtnkgkfbtf onmgjc gcs ceuotnstgs quf mrgvntgrgk fk tcrbc jf Qnbtrgs4 fof pcssuëg fk pgrtneuogr uk fxfkpogr jgs "`õstngs sgbmrfbtgs" trgbskntnjgs gc sgtgbnstg fxeckubmgjc (f fx-ghgjf) Dcsfp`-Gbtcnbf Hcuoogb f tnb`g rfjnmnjc uk cpôseuoc jf afntnígrng e`gkgjc Kîtcjc prçtnec pgrg ëbeuhc f sôeuhc. Fssf kfnc tfvf ukg nbaouäbeng schrf c kcvnkfbtc "trgjnencbgonstg" jc eckfíc jc sîeuoc PP (Hgrràs, Oîcb Hocy fte.), c qugo acn acrtfkfbtf nbaoufbengjc pfoc gssnk e`gkgjc "sfmrfjc jf Og Ugofttf". Fk 7>7:, Dfgb Hrneguj rftckg, fk Oycb, f sfmunbjc Zfjfr (E`grofs Jîtrî), c kcvnkfbtc kgrtnbnstg eck hgsf bcs gecrjcs jf 7>77, f gs rfmrgs jf rferutgkfbtc jf ]noofrkcz. Dfgb Hrneguj acn bckfgjc ofmgjc jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg pgrg g prcvëbeng jf Oycb. Fof tgkhîk sf tcrbcu Mrgbjf Kfstrf jf Kfkp`ns, pgtrngreg jg Nmrfdg mbõstneg ubnvfrsgo, f prfsnjfbtf jg scenfjgjf ceuotnstg nbtfrbgencbgo. Fof jfsnmbcu Ecbstgbt E`fvnoocb eckc sfu suefsscr kgrtnbnstg fk sftfkhrc jf 7>58. Dfgb Hrneguj kcrrfu fk 87 jf afvfrfnrc jf 7>5:. Acn fbtfrrgjc fk 8: jf afvfrfnrc fk Argbe`fvnoof, pfrtc jf Oycb. Acn bg rfsnjäbeng jg fspcsg jf Dfgb Hrneguj, fk 7>::, quf Ecbstgbt E`fvnoocb acn prfsc f jfpcns gssgssnbgjc pfog knoëeng, jf kcjc quf pfrkgbfefu fbnmkçtnec. Ufu suefsscr jnrftc bc fpnsecpgjc acn Qnetcr Hogbe`grj, "Zgrmfonus", ecbsgmrgjc fk 6 jf kgnc jf 7>70 sfmubjc c "pcbtnanegjc vfo`c-egtõonec".
Ocuns Kgrnf Argbícns Mnrguj (70=1 ― 7>67) 1´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Gpõs tfr gssuknjc c \gtrngregjc jg Nmrfdg Mbõstneg Vbnvfrsgo, Vbnvfrsgo, Hrneguj tcrbcu-sf gknmc jc hnspc Ocuns-Kgrnf-Argbícns Mnrguj (Kmr. Argbícns, kcrtc fk 7>67), uk gbtnmc kcbmf trgpnstg quf tnb`g sug anongíåc fpnsecpgo vnbjg jf Dcsfp` Xfbî Qnogttf (Kgr Znkct`fcs, 706:-7>8>). Qnogttf frg uk u k pgrnsnfbsf 08
quf fk sug duvfbtujf tnb`g fknmrgjc pgrg g Gkîrneg. Frg uk fbtusngstg rfonmncsc, kgs nbegpgz jf fbecbtrgr sgtnsagíåc bgs fstruturgs jg Nmrfdg Egtõoneg9 gssnk, bg Gkîrneg, fof eckfícu sug huseg pgrg fbecbtrgr uk gkhnfbtf kgns gjgptgjc ì sug pfrscbgonjgjf f gkhníöfs. \gsscu jf sfntg fk sfntg, sfrvnbjc pcr uk tfkpc eckc knbnstrc ecbmrfmgencbnstg, sfbjc kgns tgrjf crjfbgjc sgefrjctf bg sfntg enskçtneg jcs "Qfo`cs Egtõonecs". Fof chtfvf g ecbsgmrgíåc fpnsecpgo fk 70>8 jgs kåcs jc hnspc Argbensec-Pgvnfr Govgrfz (Kgr Duonus N), hnspc jg Nmrfdg sërng Dgechntg Crtcjcxg f Kftrcpcontgbg jg Nmrfdg Egtõoneg Nbjfpfbjfbtf jc Efnoåc, Mcg f Ëbjngs, quf pcr sug vfz tnb`g rfefhnjc g ecbsgmrgíåc jgs kåcs jf Nmbgtnus \nfrrf \ nfrrf NNN, "\nfrrf c @uknojf", \gtrngreg Dgechntg Crtcjcxc jf Gbtnõqung. Qnogttf ecbsgmrcu \gcoc Knrgmong-Muocttn fb 7><<9 Muocttn ecbsgmrcu Duofs @cussgyf (70::-7>78), @cussgyf ecbsgmrcu Ocuns-Kgrnf-Argbícns Mnrguj fk 7>779 f Mnrguj ecbsgmrcu Dfgb Hrneguj fk 87 jf duo`c jf 7>75. Fssg ecbsgmrgíåc acn nkpcrtgbtf pgrg g Nmrfdg jf Hrneguj pcrquf acrbfefu ukg suefssåc gpcstõoneg f fpnsecpgo vçonjg f jceukfbtgjg, quf tnb`g snjc rfecb`fenjg pfog Nmrfdg Egtõoneg Xckgbg eckc vçonjg, kgs noëentg (fspnrntugokfbtf fanegz, kgs ecbtrçrng ì pcoëtneg jg Nmrfdg f båc sgbencbgjg pfog kfskg). G suefssåc gpcstõoneg acn gkpogkfbtf pfrefhnjg eckc rfaoftnbjc ukg trgbsknssåc jf gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo vfrjgjfnrg bg ecrrfbtf Ernstå, rfkcbtgbjc g Uåc \fjrc9 f gnbjg kgns ocbmf g Kfoe`nzfjfe`, c këtnec sgefrjctf-rfn jf Ugofk quf sfrvnu eckc sgefrjctf c \gtrngreg `fhrfu Ghrg`åc. Nssc acrbfefu g Hrneguj f g sfus suefsscrfs g gutcrnjgjf gpcstõoneg jf gjknbnstrgr cs sgergkfbtcs ernståcs9 c quf frg nkpcrtgbtf, pcrquf kuntcs kfkhrcs jg Crjfk Kgrtnbnstg frgk jg aî egtõoneg, kgs eckc kfkhrcs jf ukg scenfjgjf sferftg, fstgvgk sudfntcs ì fxeckub`åc sf sug ganongíåc kgrtnbnstg vnfssf g sfr ecb`fenjg. e cb`fenjg. C F.M.V. cafrfeng fbtåc ukg mgrgbtng jf sgovgíåc gcs ernståcs egtõonecs quf frgk kgrtnbnstgs cu jfsfdgssfk sf tcrbgr kgrtnbnstgs.
05
Ocuns-Kgrnf Argbícns Mnrguj, quf tnb`g snjc crjfbgjc sgefrjctf fk 87 jf dub`c jf 7><= pcr Dcsfp`-Xfbî Qnogttf, fstgvg fk rfogíåc eck Kgkgb Kgt`nfu, ukg eurgjcrg quf vnvng fk Mgznbft bc Uujcfstf jg Argbíg. Mnrguj jfpcns jf tfr arfqufbtgjc Frbfst @cussgy e`gkgjc Ghgjf Duonc quf c `gvng ecbsgmrgjc hnspc fk 87 jf dub`c jf 7>77, gefntcu sfrvnr eckc hnspc jg eckubnjgjf. Fk 7>::, c Xfmnkf jf Qne`y nbtfrjntcu g Nmrfdg mgonegbg jf Mgznbft. Fbtrftgbtc, fssg Nmrfdg rfbgsefu jfpcns jg mufrrg f fk bcvfkhrc jf 7>:6, Argbícns Mnrguj puhonecu ukg \rcafssåc jf aî ecb`fenjg eckc Mgznbft. Eck g kcrtf jf Argbícns Mnrguj fssg nmrfdg eckfícu g sf jnvnjnr f g puhonegíåc jc Mgonegbc acn kckfbtgbfgkfbtf nbtfrrckpnjg.
Dfgb Hrcunooft (700< -3) =´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Bgsenjc fk 7= jf duo`c jf 700< fk Gmfb (Argbíg), Dfgb Hrcunooft acn crjfbgjc sgefrjctf fk 1 jf cutuhrc jf 7>56 pcr Kmr Mnrguj. Eck g kcrtf jfssf fof ecbtnbucu sug chrg sgefrjctgo. Fof kgbnafstcu pcjfrfs psëqunecs (vnjäbeng f eurg) quf pujfrgk sfr ecbstgtgjcs pcr kuntcs. Eurgjcr fk Hcrjfgux jf 7>51 g 7>1<, fof acn ecbjfbgjc ì kcrtf pfog Knoëeng, kgs acn sgovc pfog e`fmgjg jcs fxîrentcs onhfrgbjc g Argbíg jg ceupgíåc gofkå. Gpfsgr jf sfr kuntc jnserftc schrf g `frgbíg fsctîrneg rfefhnjg f ecbsfrvgjg eckc pgtrnkúbnc sferftc, bc fbtgbtc, fof rfmuogrkfbtf kgbnafstcu snkhconegkfbtf. \cr fxfkpoc, fof efofhrgvg tcjcs cs gbcs g knssg jf Bgtgo usgbjc gc rfjcr jc pfsecíc c ecogr jf Uupfrncr Uu pfrncr Nbeõmbntc vcotgbjc g Dfgb Hrneguj f sfk jôvnjg kgns jnstgbtf bg onb`gmfk jcs \gtrngregs.
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Fssf ecogr, gssnk eckc cutrgs rfoëqungs, acn fbtrfmuf pcr Kmr \gtrnei Zrue`fkcttf gc gtugo Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn jurgbtf ukg efrnkúbng kgrtnbnstg prnvgjg. prnvgjg.
\gtrnei Z. (7>8> ― 7>01) 0´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Bgsenjc fk 8: jf afvfrfnrc jf 7>8> fk Hcrjfgux, fof acn goubc f guxnongr jf Dfgb Hrcunooft gtî g kcrtf jfssf. Acn bckfgjc \gtrngreg jg Nmrfdg Egtõoneg Mgonegbg f jfu ì kfskg ukg rfputgíåc quf î ecbsfrvgjg gtî `cdf. Fof kgbtfvf eck jnserníåc f anjfonjgjf tcjcs cs jfpõsntcs fspnrntugns rfefhnjcs jf sfus prfjfefsscrfs. Fssf `ckfk prcaubjgkfbtf ëbtfmrc prgtnecu kgmbftnskc f `ckfcpgtng gtî sug kcrtf fk 7>01.
Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn Hngsn >´ No. M.\. X+E jg C.I.X.E. Dfgb-Ocuns jf Hngsn î uk gutcr, ecbafrfbenstg f anoõscac quf fstujcu cs jnafrfbtfs tfkgs jg fspnrntugonjgjf jfsjf cs gbcs 7>=< f tfbjc snjc nbnengjc gcs kgns gotcs mrgus jf vçrngs trgjníöfs nbnençtnegs cenjfbtgns. Fof tgkhîk î c Mrgbjf Kfstrf jg Guruk Ucons. Fof rfefhfu tcjgs gs onb`gmfbs Kgrtnbnstgs f acn nbnengjc gc kgns gotc mrgu jcs Fous-Ec`fb. Fof acn crjfbgjc bg nmrfdg mgonegbg f nmrfdg mbõstneg. Fof crjfbcu c gbtnmc Mrgbjf Kfstrf jg Guruk Ucons sfmubjc sugs suefssöfs gpcstõonegs f c ecbsgmrcu kgrtnbnstg o`f trgbskntnbjc c mrgu jf Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc UNN. Fof acn nbnengjc bg argbec kgícbgrng f rfefhfu c mrgu jf Kfstrf fk 7>>8. Acn nbnengjc bcs gotcs mrgus fsecefsfs gkfrnegbcs (58´ Durnsjníåc jc Uuo, V.U.), f Kgíck jc Grec Xfgo. Gbtfs jf sf dubtgr ì kgícbgrng gkfrnegbg, fof rfefhfu cs
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kgns gotcs mrgus jg kgícbgrng Furcpfng, f nbeounbjc cs mrgus jg kgícbgrng fmëpeng (55¼->6¼-GG). Fof acn rfefhnjc bg trgjníåc jruëjneg bcs gbcs 0< bg Argbíg. Fk jfzfkhrc jf 8<<:, kujcu-sf pgrg c Egbgjç f fk 8<7< gcs Fstgjcs Vbnjcs. Gmcrg fof vnvf fk Ogs Qfmgs (BQ). \grg sghfr kgns4 www.jfhngsn.crm
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FUZVJCU Ì JNUZÈBENG G Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î ukg crmgbnzgíåc nbnençtneg quf scuhf kgbtfr nbtgetg g Zrgjníåc Xcsg-Eruz crnmnbgo. \cr nssc fstgkcs crmuo`cscs fk cafrfefr prçtnegs fspnrntugns f jf jfsfbvcovnkfbtc psëqunec, tgbtc fk bcsscs fbsnbgkfbtcs ì jnstèbeng qugbtc fk bcsscs Egpëtuocs. Bõs tgkhîk fstgkcs crmuo`cscs jf cafrfefr ìs bcssgs nrkås f nrkåcs fbsnbgkfbtcs prnvgjcs jf mrgbjf qugonjgjf, utnonzgbjc gs tfebcocmngs kgns kcjfrbgs.
Crmgbnzgíåc f ecbtfôjc jcs fbsnbgkfbtcs Cs fbsnbgkfbtcs såc crmgbnzgjcs fk mrgus sfmubjc c pfreursc nbnençtnec jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Egjg uk jfssfs mrgus tfk oníöfs kfbsgns rfubnjgs fk sîrnfs jf 78. Egjg ukg jfogs fqunvgof g efreg jf trnbtg pçmnbgs acrkgtc egrtg. \grg bõs, g trgbsknssåc jf ukg Zrgjníåc Nbnençtneg jf vgocr båc pcjf sf rfjuznr g gomukgs pçmnbgs jf acrkgtc rfjuznjc quf ecbtäk prçtnegs qugsf nbsnmbnanegbtfs. Bõs fstgkcs bc sîeuoc 87! Båc fstgkcs kgns fk ukg îpceg fk quf sf pcjf prcpcr onvrftcs nkprfsscs quf ecbtäk fxponegíöfs psfujcenfbtëanegs cu `nstõrnegs quf bnbmuîk pcjfrng vfrnanegr. Gc ecbtrçrnc, cs fbsnbgkfbtcs jg C.I.X.E. sf hgsfngk snstfkgtnegkfbtf schrf jceukfbtcs nrrfautçvfns, agtcs f prçtnegs tfôrmnegs vgonjgjgs pfog Zrgjníåc f sfus Kfstrfs. Zcjgs gs prçtnegs såc jfsfbvcovnjgs f eckpoftgs. Uåc ecbefhnjgs pgrg sfrfk usgjgs fk egsg. Ugnhg quf vceä båc vgn fspfrgr 8< gbcs pgrg tfr gefssc g fssfs fofkfbtcs gvgbígjcs. Nssc pcrquf cs fbsnbgkfbtcs ghcrjgk eogrgkfbtf gs tîebnegs jf kgmbftnskc, jfsjchrgkfbtc, eogrnvnjäbeng, tfurmng, fte.
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Qceä pcjf gprcaubjgr cs jnafrfbtfs gspfetcs jg mbcsf, tfcocmng, ighhgog f cutrcs gspfetcs gvgbígjcs jg trgjníåc cenjfbtgo. Bõs gerfjntgkcs quf tcjcs fssfs fofkfbtcs jfvfk sfr ecocegjcs fk sugs kåcs c kgns rçpnjc pcssëvfo. Jf agtc, gs ecbjníöfs jf bcssg îpceg kcjfrbg c dustnanegk f bõs ecbsnjfrgkcs quf vceä î egpgz jf fbtfbjfr eckc nssc aubencbg. Fssgs prçtnegs såc tgkhîk uk kfnc jf purnanegíåc pfoc ecbtgtc rfmuogr eck g Fmrîmcrg jg Crjfk.
Fstruturg jf ukg oníåc Egjg oníåc kfbsgo mfrgokfbtf sf gprfsfbtg sfmubjc c sfmunbtf fsqufkg4 7) Fstujc jgs enäbengs trgjnencbgns9 8) Zrgjníöfs fspnrntugns f rfonmncsgs9 5) Zfcocmng9 :) \grtf prçtneg9 6) Gssubtc jf Kfjntgíåc9 1) Fxtrgtc jf chrg anocsõaneg a nocsõaneg rfogencbgjc eck cs gssubtcs trgtgjcs9 =) Entgíöfs.
Vk pfreursc prcmrfssnvc Eckc dç jnssfkcs genkg, gs oníöfs såc crmgbnzgjgs sfmubjc ukg prcmrfssåc fk vçrngs ftgpgs, quf ecrrfspcbjfk ì trgjníåc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. 7- Uug acrkgíåc eckfígrç pfoc « Gjrc ¹ ecbstntuëjc pcr 78 oníöfs. Fbtrf cs gssubtcs trgtgjcs sf fbecbtrg4 C fsctfrnskc, c mugrjnåc jc onkngr, c snkhconskc jg eruz, g grtf jg kfjntgíåc, goqunkng, tîebnegs jf prctfíåc f vnsugonzgíåc, g Xcsg-Eruz, Ighhgog, rfmfbfrgíåc efouogr, kgmbftnskc, snkhconskc jcs bôkfrcs f sug gponegíåc prçtneg, \õranrc, tîebnegs jf gbgkbfsf, gseftnskc rfonmncsc f nbnençtnec, fte. 8- C « Mrgu jc Onkngr ¹ nbeoun 8: oníöfs.
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Fbtrf cs gssubtcs trgtgjcs sf fbecbtrg4 Ighhgog, g Mbcsf crnmnbgo, vngmfk gstrgo, tfcocmng f g pgrtf anocsõaneg eck Uäbfeg fk pgrtneuogr. 5- Cs « Mrgus jc Egpëtuoc ¹ (7¼ mrgu, 8¼ mrgu, 5¼ mrgu), onmgbjc fssg sîrnf jf oníöfs quf såc ecrcgjgs pfoc « Mrgu jf gpfrafnícgkfbtc ¹.
Cs eurscs nkfjngtgkfbtf jnspcbëvfns cbonbf Eckc kfkhrc, vceä tfrç gefssc nkfjngtgkfbtf gcs fbsnbgkfbtcs fk bcssc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc. Qceä pcjfrç oäocs g pgrtnr jf qugoqufr eckputgjcr, tghoft cu tfofacbf pcrtçtno. Ecbtgbtc quf fstfdg ecbfetgjc bg Nbtfrbft, fofs fstgråc eck vceä, cbjf qufr quf vceä fstfdg. Qceä tgkhîk pcjf jfenjnr rfefhfr fk egsg « c ecbdubtc CIXE jc 7´ gbc ¹ eckpcstc pfoc onvrc fbegjfrbgjc jc eursc f uk EJ jf çujnc quf qu f ecbtîk fk çujnc gs prçtnegs f jnvfrscs tfxtcs ôtfns ì sug acrkgíåc. Zcjcs cs fbsnbgkfbtcs såc fbecbtrgjcs bc sntf prnvgjc. Gssnk vceä tfrç fk sfu pcjfr cs kfo`crfs fbsnbgkfbtcs nbnençtnecs jg Xcsg-Eruz bg acrkg gc kfskc tfkpc kcjfrbg f trgjnencbgo.
G Nbnengíåc \grgofogkfbtf g fssf fbsnbgkfbtc nbjnvnjugo, g Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz cafrfef jugs cpcrtubnjgjfs pgrg gvgbígr kgns prcaubjgkfbtf bg jfsechfrtg jcs Knstîrncs sgmrgjcs jg trgjníåc fsctîrneg dujgnec-ernstå4 7- G Gre`necbarîrnf jf Nfse`cug`, N fse`cug`, 8- C pfreursc nbnençtnec fk uk Egpëtuoc jg Crjfk. Ugnhg quf g Gre`necbarîrnf prcpöf uk prcefssc gutäbtnec jf gseftnskc pcuec ecb`fenjc f gefssëvfo ì jnstèbeng. Qceä pcjf sghfr kgns bcs fserfvfbjc.
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Gs Nbnengíöfs bg Crjfk fståc jfserntgs fk cutrc egpëtuoc jfssf onvrc.
ZCXBGX-UF KFKHXC Zcrbgr-sf kfkhrc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz î kuntc snkpofs. Hgstg nr gc bcssc sntf prnvgjc f sf nbserfvfr. Uug nbserníåc ecbstntun sug ganongíåc gbugo ì Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz. Fog o`f jç nkfjngtgkfbtf jcns gefsscs f vgbtgmfbs aubjgkfbtgns4 7- Gefssc gcs fbsnbgkfbtcs ì jnstèbeng bc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc, eck cpíåc jf rfefhfr gomubs eurscs nkprfsscs. 8- Gefssc ìs nbnengíöfs ecbafrnjgs fk uk Egpëtuoc. \grg nssc hgstg fserfvfr gc sferftgrngjc jg Crjfk pgrg gprfsfbtgr sug egbjnjgturg pgrg g prnkfnrg nbnengíåc. Bõs c rfeckfbjgkcs quf sf nbserfvg jnrftgkfbtf g pgrtnr jc sntf nbtfrbft prnvgjc jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz quf î fbecbtrgjc bc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc4 `ttps4//www.crjrfighhgonstnqufjfogrcsfercnx.crm Uf vceä båc tnvfr gefssc ì nbtfrbft, pcjf bcs fbvngr sfu bckf, schrfbckf f fbjfrfíc eckpoftc pcr ecrrfnc pfjnbjc pgrg fbtrgr bg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz. Bõs c fbvngrfkcs fbtåc g ane`g jf nbserníåc f c ecbdubtc jf jftgo`fs bfefssçrncs. Ofkhrf-sf quf vceä båc prfensg sfr pgtrcenbgjc pgrg sfr kfkhrc jg C.I.X.E.
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\FXMVBZGU - XFU\CUZGU Cs jnpockgs fk Ighhgog såc `cspfjgjcs pfoc sntf Nbtfrbft jg ubnvfrsnjgjf Z`furmng. (Qfdg cs sntfs nbtfrbft rfeckfbjgjcs)
G gre`necbarîrnf jf Grkgjfo î uk mrupc ubnvfrsgo eckpcstc pfocs quf rfefhfrgk g eckubnegíåc eckpoftg jcs = fspërntcs coëkpnecs pfoc nbtfrkîjnc jcs pgbtçeuocs prctftcrfs pogbftçrncs, g ecbsgmrgíåc gstrgo sfmubjc c prcefjnkfbtc trgjnencbgo f acrgk nbtfmrgjcs ì egjfng fspnrntugo jg Gre`necbarîrnf. G gre`necbarîrnf jf jfrnvg jf jnafrfbtfs eckubnegíöfs eckubnegíöfs kçmnegs rfefhnjgs pfoc No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz f quf acrgk gtnvgjgs pgrg rfspcbjfr ìs bfefssnjgjfs jf bcssg îpceg. Fssgs eckubnegíöfs ceuotgs båc täk bgjg g vfr eck c quf sf pcjf fbecbtrgr bcs onvrcs pôhonecs f quf pcjfk enreuogr nkprfsscs cu jnmntgns. Jfvf-sf pcssunr c ecb`fenkfbtc jc trgígjc jcs snbgns sfmubjc rfmrgs ceuotgs trgbskntnjgs crgokfbtf jf uk Kfstrf g cutrc. G gre`necbarîrnf jf Grkgjfo î ecbstntuëjg pcr 0 eëreuocs sferftcs. C No. Mrgbjf \gtrngreg Xcsg-Eruz jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz gjknbnstrg jnrftgkfbtf c aubencbgkfbtc jg Gre`necbarîrnf f jgs trgbsknssöfs. Vkg vfz quf sug nbserníåc sfdg vgonjgjg bg Gre`necbarîrnf, vceä rfefhfrç c prnkfnrc tgonskå jg oug jfsfb`gjc jfsfb`gjc ì kåc schrf c vfrjgjfnrc pgpnrc Fmëpenc. Fof tfrç cs sfocs kçmnecs >7
sgmrgjcs jcs fspërntcs coëkpnecs jfssf pogbftg, jnvfrscs monacs gsscengjcs ì sug pfrscbgonjgjf kçmneg f sfu bckf fserntc fk `nfrçtnec. Zujc nssc sfrç gsscengjc ì sug jgtg jf bgsenkfbtc. Fssf pgbtçeuoc pfsscgo î ecbsgmrgjc pfoc nbefbsc f õofc kçmnec fmëpenc. Fssf pgpnrc sfrç fbvngjc eck sfu egrtåc jg gre`necbarîrnf jc prnkfnrc eëreuoc, sfu jnpockg canengo jg Gre`necbarîrnf jf Grkgjfo gssnk eckc gs nbstruíöfs quf vceä jfvf sfmunr pgrg rfefhfr g eckubnegíåc gstrgo f g gtnvgíåc jc pgbtçeuoc fk sug gurg. \grg sghfr kgns schrf cs pcjfrfs jcs kfkhrcs jg Gre`necbarîrnf f eckfígr sfu pfreursc bcs 0 eëreuocs, pcjf fserfvfr pgrg c sferftgrngjc jg Crjfk ighhgonstneg jg XcsgEruz quf o`f fbvngrç uk jceukfbtc ecbtfbjc kgns jftgo`fs schrf g Gre`necbarîrnf gssnk eckc c prcefjnkfbtc pgrg anbgonzgr sfu pfjnjc. Uf vceä geghcu jf ofr fssg pçmnbg, î pcrquf dç fstç prcbtc g rfgonzgr uk pgssc jfensnvc bc \rnkfnrc Eëreuoc jf Grkgjfo. Qceä pcjf bcs fserfvfr pgrg chtfr kgns nbacrkgíöfs. Bfb`ukg9 Bfb`ukg9 såc jugs fstruturgs tctgokfbtf nbjfpfbjfbtfs f jnstnbtgs. G CIXE acn aubjgjg fk 7000 f g GKCXE fk 7>76, cu sfdg, 8= gbcs jfpcns. Gpfsgr jc quf gomubs pcjfk jnzfr, g CIXE bubeg acn « ghscrvnjg ¹ cu « nbtfmrgjg ¹ ì GKCXE. Wugoqufr jfeogrgíåc jfssf tnpc, fvnjfbtfkfbtf sfk prcvg, sfrng kgreg jf kç aî kgbnafstg. G kfo`cr kgbfnrg jf pfrefhfr nssc î snkpofskfbtf ecbstgtgr quf g CIXE pfrkgbfef anfo gcs fbsnbgkfbtcs, prçtnegs f rntugns crnmnbgns. Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf g CIXE prgtneg
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nbnengíöfs f rntcs eogrgkfbtf ighhgonstnecs, tfôrmnecs f mbõstnecs. Î pcssëvfo sfr kfkhrc jgs jugs Crjfbs jfsjf quf ukg ecbanjfbengonjgjf tctgo sfdg chsfrvgjg schrf c rntugo, cs fbsnbgkfbtcs f cs bckfs jf nrkåcs f nrkås quf agígk pgrtf jg Crjfk.
G Crjfk rfecb`fef eckc vçonjgs gs nbnengíöfs jf U.N. rfefhnjgs rfmuogrkfbtf bgs Crjfbs kgns ecb`fenjgs. Uckfbtf pfjf eõpng jc jnpockg ecrrfspcbjfbtf. Fbtrftgbtc, sfbjc sfu rntc jf U.N. fspfeëanec f crnmnbgo, nbneng bcvgkfbtf c bcvc nrkåc cu nrkå pgrg o`f pfrkntnr vnvfr fssf rntc prcaubjgkfbtf tfôrmnec. Kgbnafstg tgkhîk ukg ecbanrkgíåc jf sfu eckprckftnkfbtc kcrgo f jf sug fbtrgjg bg Crjfk. Wugoqufr `ckfk cu kuo`fr quf tfb`g njgjf ofmgo jf kgncrnjgjf, jf qugoqufr crnmfk quf sfdg, sf fstnvfr gbnkgjc jf uk vfrjgjfnrc jfsfdc jf sf gpfrafnícgr f fkprffbjfr g chrg jf rfgonzgíåc nbtfrncr, tcrbgbjc-c gptc g eckprffbjfr f gkgr sfus sfkfo`gbtfs, c ubnvfrsc f c jnvnbc. G CIXE sf jnrnmf gcs husegjcrfs snbefrgkfbtf jfsfdcscs jf sf jfsfbvcovfr fspnrntugokfbtf mrgígs gcs rntugns f nbnengíöfs tfôrmnegs. Bõs ge`gkcs quf g `cbfstnjgjf f g vcbtgjf jf jfnxgr sfu Fmc jf ogjc såc jcns gspfetcs aubjgkfbtgns jf qugoqufr huseg nbnençtneg.
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Î pcr fssg rgzåc quf jfnxgkcs gs « jnsputgs jf e`fafs ¹, gs « outgs pfoc pcjfr ¹ f cs « agoscs sfmrfjcs ¹ gcs quf sf jnvfrtfk eck nssc. Uf vceä jfsfdg ecoftgr kfjgo`gs cu jnpockgs supofkfbtgrfs, båc î prfensc sf nbserfvfr gqun. Uf gc ecbtrçrnc, vceä jfsfdg fvntgr « pgogvrõrnc ¹ f eckfígr ukg vfrjgjfnrg vng nbnençtneg, fbtåc vceä fstç bc oumgr efrtc! Uf o`f pfrmubtgrfk qugbtcs pgns vceä tfk, c quf rfspcbjf3... Jcns3 Qceä tfrng rgzåc. Fbtåc pcr quf qufrfr gprfsfbtgr jfzfbgs f jfzfbgs jf pçmnbgs jf anongíöfs pgrg prcvgr quf fssg cu gqufog Crjfk î ofmëtnkg3 Båc sf jfvf tfr efrtfzg jc quf sf tfk pgrg gmnr gssnk!... Î açeno eckprffbjfr c quf î ukg anongíåc4 î g rfefpíåc rntugo jg gutcrnjgjf fspnrntugo jf ukg Zrgjníåc. Wugbtc ì CIXE quf gprfsfbtgkcs bfssgs pçmnbgs, g anongíåc î snkpofs f jnrftg. \grg rfsuknr4 Utgbnsogs jf Mugntg, Hrneguj, bõs. \grg jftgo`fs, vceä cs fbecbtrgrç bc `nstõrnec eck cutrcs eckpcbfbtfs tgns eckc c kgrtnbnskc, fte. Efrtc bôkfrc jf Crjfbs vgn tfbtgr o`f gprfsfbtgr ukg hfog age`gjg scengo4 jfeogrgíåc gcs dcvfbs, gcs enjgjåcs jc pogbftg, fecocmng, fte. Nssc î nbtfrfssgbtf, kgs agíg g pfrmubtg4 î vfrjgjfnrgkfbtf nssc quf vceä fspfrg jf ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg3 G rfspcstg î eogrg4 båc! \cr quf3
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\crquf ukg Crjfk nbnençtneg tfk uk jfvfr snkpofs f nbecbtcrbçvfo4 jfvf trgbskntnr ukg nbnengíåc hgsfgjg schrf rntugns pcjfrcscs sfmunjcs pcr prçtnegs psëqunegs fanegzfs. \crtgbtc, suanenfbtf hoghoghoç nbôtno nbôtno quf sfrvf ubnegkfbtf pgrg kcstrgr quf g trgjníåc pcjf sfr ôtno ì scenfjgjf. Vkg nbnengíåc gutäbtneg jfvf sfr gbtfs jf tujc ôtno g vceä! C rfstc vnrç bgturgokfbtf bg sfquäbeng. Qceä qufr pgssgr sug vnjg sf jfnxgbjc ofvgr pcr jcefs kfjntgíöfs scpcrëanegs cusf ofvgbtgr eckc vfrjgjfnrcs nbnengjcs nkfrscs bg acríg f bg ouz3... Bõs ge`gkcs quf g rfspcstg î snkpofs f sf fbecbtrg bg CIXE, g prnkfnrg Crjfk quf dgkgns sf jfsvncu jf sfu chdftnvc prnbenpgo4 rfgokfbtf o`f nbnengr! Jurgbtf c sîeuoc 8< arfqufbtfkfbtf sf gprcxnkcu g XcsgEruz jg enäbeng. Bcssgs pfrmubtgs såc snkpofs4 nssc î dustnanegjc3 Î ôtno3 G rfspcstg ìs jugs î båc. Dustnanegjc3... Cs gbtnmcs Xcsg-Eruz jc sîeuoc 70 frgk hgstgbtf nbtfrfssgjcs bg goqunkng, gstrcocmng, anocscang, fte. Zgovfz gtî gomukgs acssfk c quf cs enfbtnstgs e`gkgrngk `cdf jf enfbtëanegs. Nssc båc snmbnaneg quf g Xcsg-Eruz trgz gomukg ecnsg ì enäbeng! Nssc qufr snkpofskfbtf jnzfr quf gs kfbtfs enfbtëanegs jfssg îpceg fståc nbtfrfssgjgs bgs Zrgjníöfs gbtnmgs jgs qugns g Xcsg-Eruz agz pgrtf. \cr fssg rgzåc fssg gprcxnkgíåc båc î dustnanegjg. Båc fsqufíg quf agogkcs jf trgjníåc nbnençtneg!... Ôtno3...
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@cdf fk jng gs enäbengs f gs tfebcocmngs fståc kuntc gvgbígjgs! C quf trgz pgrg g enäbeng ukg trgjníåc eckc g Xcsg-Eruz3 Bgjg!... \cr quf3 \crquf g enäbeng trgtg jg qufståc « eckc ¹ (eckc nssc aubencbg3) f g nbnengíåc trgtg jg qufståc « pcr quf ¹ (pcr quf vnvfkcs3). G enäbeng f g tfebcocmng såc `cdf tåc eckpofxgs quf î ghscoutgkfbtf õhvnc quf båc sf nkprcvnsg enfbtnanegkfbtf. Ecbsfqufbtfkfbtf, ukg ôbneg ecnsg î nkpcrtgbtf4 båc pfrjfr tfkpc fk fstujgr cs jckëbncs quf båc fbvcovfk g nbnengíåc pgrg sf ecbefbtrgr bc fssfbengo4 sfu vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc psëqunec f fspnrntugo. C kgrtnbnskc acn jfsfbvcovnjc bg CIXE crnmnbgo quf bõs rfprfsfbtgkcs. Kgns tgrjf f pcr rgzöfs prõprngs g fssg îpceg, \gpus o`f jfu ukg vnjg nbjfpfbjfbtf fstruturgjg bcs träs mrgus jg kgícbgrng. Gtugokfbtf gs Crjfbs Kgrtnbnstgs quf fxnstfk såc tåc bukfrcsgs quf vceä pgssgrng vçrngs `crgs g onstg-ogs. Gssnk quf nssc tfrknbg, bcvgs Crjfbs dç tfrngk snjc erngjgs. \cr quf nssc3 \crquf gomuîk afz ukg nbvfbíåc kgmbëaneg quf nbaog c Fmc4 Onvrf Nbnengjcr! Ocuns Eogujf jf Ugnbt Kgrtnb tnb`g prcvgvfokfbtf erngjc ukg ôbneg nbnengíåc4 U.N. \gpus g jnvnjnu fk träs ftgpgs, 5 nbnengíöfs. Kgns tgrjf fof gjnencbcu ukg qugrtg ecbsgmrgíåc, g jf U.N.N. (Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc Nbnengjcr). Zcjgvng, nssc båc frg suanenfbtf pgrg g gkhníåc jg kgncrng. >1
Jfpcns jg sfmubjg mufrrg kubjngo, acn erngjg cutrg ecbsgmrgíåc - U.N.N.O (Uupfrncr Nbeõmbntc Onvrf Nbnengjcr). Wugoqufr nbjnvëjuc quf rfefhfu fssf mrgu pcjf fbtåc erngr onvrfkfbtf c quf jfsfdg. Bõs vfkcs `cdf cbjf nssc arfqufbtfkfbtf ofvcu4 g ukg fxgotgíåc jc Fmc egkuaogjc bc jnseursc jf `uknojgjf... G CIXE pfrkgbfef anfo ìs sugs crnmfbs f g Ugnbt Kgrtnb4 ukg ôbneg nbnengíåc U.N. prîvng gcs mrgus fspfeëanecs jg Crjfk… Jfsfdgr fstujgr g jcutrnbg kgrtnbnstg î ocuvçvfo. Agz pgrtf jg Zrgjníåc Cenjfbtgo. Zcjgvng, sf qunsfr sfr anfo g Ocuns Eogujf jf Ugnbt Kgrtnb, nssc ecbsnstf fk fstujgr cs onvrcs anocsõanecs (tfcsõanecs) quf fof fserfvfu, g Hëhong f g tfcocmng. Nssc î jfkcrgjc, jnaëeno f kuntgs vfzfs kcbõtcbc. \cr nssc g kgncrng jgs Crjfbs Kgrtnbnstgs gjnencbgrgk tcjc uk ecbdubtc jf ecnsgs quf båc pfrtfbefk gc kgrtnbnskc4 gstrcocmng, ighhgog, rntcs kçmnecs, fte. G pcsníåc jg CIXE î snkpofs4 kgbtfr c ecrgíåc jg jcutrnbg rçpnjc aubjgkfbtgo pgrg fxponegr, f ecbsfrvgr gpfbgs ukg nbnengíåc eckc bg crnmfk. \grg cs gssubtcs entgjcs genkg f quf båc agzfk pgrtf jg jcutrnbg kgrtnbnstg, såc fbsnbgjcs f prgtnegjcs bcs mrgus jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz prfvnstcs pgrg nssc. Jnmgkcs gs ecnsgs eogrgkfbtf f sfk rcjfncs4 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz bubeg fxnstnrgk bc Fmntc9 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz bgjg täk g vfr eck cs tfkpoçrncs9 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz båc acrgk eçtgrcs9 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz båc frgk fbvngjcs gbmîonecs jc Znhft cu jf cutrcs oumgrfs.
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Zcjgvng, î nbfmçvfo quf4 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz gpgrfefrgk bc sîeuoc 70 bgs chrgs jf Qgofbtnb Gbjrfg9 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz sf jfsfbvcovfrgk fk uk gkhnfbtf dujgnec-ernståc9 - Cs Xcsg-Eruz acrgk kuntc efjc gsscengjcs ì goqunkng, kgmng f gstrcocmng9 - Cs sëkhcocs Xcsg-Eruz jfrgk bgsenkfbtc g jnvfrscs mrgus jg kgícbgrng. Gpfsgr jc quf vceä pcjf cuvnr cu ofr, nssc î pcssëvfo! Vk Xcsg-Eruz (båc uk rcsgeruengbc) î gomuîk quf4 - Xfefhfu jnafrfbtfs bëvfns jg Zrgjníåc mrgígs g rntcs tfôrmnecs gutäbtnecs9 - \rcssfmunu uk vfrjgjfnrc trfnbgkfbtc psëqunec jurgbtf sfus gbcs jf acrkgíåc9 - Uf tcrbcu egpgz jf utnonzgr gs pctfbengonjgjfs nbsuspfntgjgs jf sfu sfr jf kgbfnrg nbfmçvfo9 - Kgbnafstcu fk egjg gspfetc jf sug vnjg cs eckprckftnkfbtcs kcrgns onmgjcs ì sug nbnengíåc. Nssc båc gecbtfef pcr knogmrf, kgs rfsuotg jf ukg acrkgíåc vfrjgjfnrg afntg pfocs nbnengjcs prfceupgjcs ubnegkfbtf pcr fssg chrg kçmneg jf jfspfrtgr jf sfus nrkåcs f nrkås `ukgbcs. Fssf î uk jcs chdftnvcs fssfbengns jg CIXE!
ECBZGZC Fbjfrfíc4 8867 B. Xgkpgrt Hovj #755, Ogs Qfmgs, BQ 0>780, VUG
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F-kgno4 sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm
HCOFZNK NBACXKGZNQC Qceä pcjf rfefhfr nbacrkgíöfs rfmuogrfs jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz (sntf Nbtfrbft, Grtnmcs, Gtnvnjgjfs, puhonegíöfs, fte.) sf nbserfvfbjc gc hcoftnk jf bctëengs bc sntf nbtfrbft.
UNZF NBZFXBFZ jg C.I.X.E. Qceä pcjf vnsntgr c sntf nbtfrbft jg Crjfk Ighhgonstneg Ighhgonstneg jg Xcsg-Eruz bc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc4 www.rcsg-eruz.crm Qceä pcjf bcs fserfvfr gc sfmunbtf fbjfrfíc jf f-kgno4 sferftgrngtmfbfrgoLcire.crm
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