Ocultamiento de Superficies

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Ihztcj}ggi÷h Kawza mn bcbmhzc kmbcw aptmhjijc gcbc gchwzt}it y ptcymgzat cdlmzcw ztijibmhwichanmw. pmtc wimbptm wm umh zcjaw naw patzmw jmn cdlmzc( Mwzc ja a h}mwztcw jid}lcw }ha gimtza ganijaj jm ztahwpatmhgia( Naw eio}taw q}m wm cdzimhmh jm mwza ectba tmgidmh mn hcbdtm jm bcjmncw anábdtigcw ya q}m w÷nc ptmwmhzah ncw gchzcthcw jm cdlmzcw w}p}mwzabmhzm w÷nijcw( Ncw

cdlmzcw gcbpnmlcw wm p}mjmh gchumtzit tápijabmhzm mh }h mhtmjc jm wmobmhzcw y g}tuaw wih wmhzijc( Mw jieâgin ijmhzieigat q}m nâhmaw pmtzmhmgmh pmtzmhmgmh a na patzm etchzan jm cdlmzc y g}anmw mwzáh wiz}ajaw jmztáw(

Czta gchwijmtagi÷h a zcbat mh g}mhza g}ahjc q}mtmbcw ncotat }ha wib}nagi÷h jm gatágzmt tman mw q}m mh mn b}hjc tman }h cdlmzc p}mjm cdwzag}ni|at na uiw}ani|agi÷h jm cztc cdlmzc. mw jmgit. ncw cdlmzcw p}mjmh ihzmtpchmtwm. cg}nzahjc na uiwi÷h jm cztcw(

Mn ptcdnmba omhmtan gchwiwzm mh kagmt q}m ncw cdlmzcw wm u}mnuah cpagcw mh mn b}hjc jm ncw otáeigcw ztijibmhwichanmw y a mwzc wm nm jmhcbiha mnibihagi÷h jm w}pmteigimw cg}nzaw( cg}nzaw (

Mwzm ptcdnmba hc mw zah wmhginnc gcbc gadtâa pmhwat mh }h ptihgipic( Jm kmgkc. mw mn báw gcbpnmlc mh zétbihcw jm ptcotabagi÷h( Nc q}m na haz}tanm|a kagm gch eaginijaj +y }ha otah gahzijaj jm ptcgmwabimhzc patanmnc) jmdmbcw kagmtnc hcwcztcw gch }h hübmtc mnmuajc jm gáng}ncw( M{iwzmh uatiaw wcn}gichmw pata mn ptcdnmba jm naw w}pmteigimw y nâhmaw cg}nzaw(

Mh mwzm apatzajc umtmbcw naw zéghigaw pata mnibihat aq}mnnaw nâhmaw. g}tuaw c w}pmteigimw q}m mwzatâah cg}nzaw mh }ha mwgmha y awâ a}bmhzat mn tmaniwbc jm éwza. mw jmgit. umtmbcw jiemtmhzmw anoctizbcw q}m p}mjmh wcn}gichat mwzm ptcdnmba y jmzmtbihat q}é g}tuaw c w}pmteigimw p}mjmh wmt cdwmtuajaw jmwjm }h p}hzc jm uiwza jajc y g}anmw hc(     7    a    h    i    o     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Gchgmpzc jm Gckmtmhgia 

Pcjmbcw jmeihit na gckmtmhgia gcbc mn otajc mh mn g}an naw patzmw jm }h mhzcthc b}mwztah

wibiniz}jmw ncganmw( Mwza ptcpimjaj wm p}mjm aptcumgkat pata a}bmhzat na meigimhgia jm ncw anoctizbcw ya q}m pmtbizm akcttat gáng}ncw g}ahjc naw ptcpimjajmw jm }h cdlmzc uatâah w}aumbmhzm( Wm kah ijmhzieigajc jiwzihzaw gnawmw jm gckmtmhgia<



Gckmtmhgia jm cdlmzc( Wi }h cdlmzc mwzá gcbpnmzabmhzm wmpatajc jm cztc. hc mw hmgmwatic

gcbpatat w}w gcbpchmhzmw +gataw. atiwzaw((() mhztm wâ pata gcbptcdat wi wm wcnapah(

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Gckmtmhgia jm atiwza( Na uiwidinijaj c hc jm }ha atiwza gabdia w÷nc wi wm gt}|a gch }h cdlmzc

uiwidnm(

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Gckmtmhgia jm atiwza ibpnâgiza( Hc mw hmgmwatic gang}nat zcjcw ncw p}hzcw jm na tmgza q}m wm

ectba g}ahjc jcw pnahcw wm gt}|ah. wcnc wch hmgmwaticw jcw(

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Gckmtmhgia jm nâhma jm dattijc +wgah"nihm)( Ncw cdlmzcw jmeihijcw mh mn mwpagic jmdmh wmt

nnmuajcw a na pahzanna mh ectba jm pâ{mnmw +wgah"gchumtwich). mwzc wm kagm pct bmjic jm nâhmaw q}m dattmh na ibaomh +Wgah"nihm)( P}mw dimh. na gckmtmhgia tmwijm mh mn kmgkc jm q}m na uatiagi÷h jm }ha nâhma a czta mw pmq}mña. nc g}an wm p}mjm zmhmt mh g}mhza pata wibpnieigat naw gcbp}zagichmw(

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Gckmtmhgia jm gata( Naw ptcpimjajmw jm naw gataw jm ncw cdlmzcw uatâah w}aumbmhzm. nc q}m

pmtbizm kagmt ncw gáng}ncw jm bcjc ihgtmbmhzan wih zmhmt q}m kagmt mwe}mt|cw ihhmgmwaticw( ihhmgmwaticw(

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Jm ectba wibinat a mwza ünziba wm jmeihmh cztcw zipcw jm gckmtmhgia gcbc na jm átma y na jm

ptce}hjijaj(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Gnawieigagich jm ncw anoctizbcw jm Cg}nzabimhzc Naw zéghigaw y anoctizbcw jm cg}nzabimhzc wm p}mjmh jiuijit mh jcw ot}pcw wmoüh mn mhecq}m q}m wm nm jé< 

PTMGIWICH A NA IBAOMH +ibaom"ptmgiwich)< Jmzmtbihat g}an jm ncw „h‒ cdlmzcw mh na ibaomh mw mn uiwidnm mh gaja pi{mn( Mwzc w}pchm }h mwe}mt|c gcbp}zagichan ptcpctgichan a p,h6 jchjm p tmptmwmhza tmptmwmhza mn mn hübmtc jm pâ{mnmw(

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PTMGIWICH AN CDLMZC +cdlmgz"ptmgiwich)< +cdlmgz"ptmgiwich)<

gcbpatat jitmgzabmhzm ncw cdlmzcw

mnibihahjc naw patzmw hc uiwidnmw( Jm mwzm bcjc mn mwe}mt|c gcbp}zagichan mw ptcpctgichan a h4( A}hq}m patmgm bmhct q}m mh mn gawc ahzmtict +kadiz}anbmhzm h mw bmhct q}m p). ncw anoctizbcw wch báw jieâginmw jm ibpnmbmhzat(

Czta jiemtmhgia mhztm abdaw aptc{ibagichmw tmwijm mh mn kmgkc jm q}m ncw anoctizbcw jm ptmgiwi÷h a na ibaomh wch mlmg}zajcw jitmgzabmhzm a na tmwcn}gi÷h jmn jiwpcwiziuc jm wanija +pahzanna. ibptmwcta. mzg(). bimhztaw q}m mh ncw cztcw wm tmani|a mn gáng}nc jm bcjc ihjmpmhjimhzm. pmtc mw hmgmwatic }h pawc pcwzmtict jm „ztaj}ggi÷h‒ a na tmwcn}gi÷h jmwmaja(

Jmdmbcw añajit q}m mwza jiuiwi÷h jm ncw anoctizbcw hc mw m{gn}ymhzm. ya q}m m{iwzmh     =    a anoctizbcw q}m gcbdihah gáng}ncw jm abdcw ot}pcw(

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

   h    i    o     á     P

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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PTMGIWICH A NA IBAOMH Wm tmani|ah mh mn wiwzmba jm gcctjmhajaw jm na ibaomh( Wm jmzmtbiha g}an jm ncw „h‒ cdlmzcw mw uiwidnm mh gaja }hc jm ncw „p‒ pâ{mnmw jm na ibaomh(

Anoctizbc PATA +gaja pâ{mn jm na ibaomh) v Jmzmtbihat mn cdlmzc báw gmtgahc an cdwmtuajct q}m mw aztaumwajc pct mn tayc ptcymgzct a ztauéw jmn pâ{mn6 Jid}lat mn pâ{mn gch mn gcnct aptcpiajc6 r

Wm cdwmtua q}m gcbpata zcjcw ncw cdlmzcw gch gaja pâ{mn. w} gcbpnmlijaj mw C+h,p) Mwzm anoctizbc jmpmhjm jmn jiwpcwiziuc }zini|ajc y mn zabañc jm na umhzaha( An gabdiat na gahzijaj jm pâ{mnmw wm jmdmh tmkagmt ncw gáng}ncw(

Anoctizbcw< \ D}eemt. _athcgf. Wgah"Nihm . Dagf"Eagm G}nniho

Ncw anoctizbcw jm ptmgiwi÷h jm ibaomh wm kigimtch k igimtch pata wiwzmbaw otáeigcw jm dattijc(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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PTMGIWICH AN CDLMZC Tmani|ah mn ptcgmwc jm gáng}nc mh mn wiwzmba jm gcctjmhajaw jmn cdlmzc( Wm gcbpata jitmgzabmhzm gaja cdlmzc gch mn tmwzc jm ncw mnmbmhzcw. mnibihahjc cdlmzcw mhzmtcw. zabdiéh patzmw hc uiwidnmw jmn cdlmzc(

Anoctizbc PATA +gaja cdlmzc jm na mwgmha) v Jmzmtbihat aq}mnnaw patzmw jmn cdlmzc g}ya uiwza hc mwza cdwzt}ija pct< mn biwbc cdlmzc6 cztc cdlmzc6 Jid}lat mwaw patzmw gch mn gcnct aptcpiajc6 r

Umbcw q}m gaja cdlmzc wm gcbpata gch mn tmwzc. w} gcbpnmlijaj mw C+h 4)( Hc wm gchwijmta na tmwcn}gi÷h jm na pahzanna pata ncw gáng}ncw 28 mn jid}lc mh pahzanna mw mn ünzibc ü nzibc pawc( Anoctizbcw< anoctizbc jmn Pihzct. Anoctizbc }zini|ahjc mn Átdcn DWP

Ncw anoctizbcw jm ptmgiwi÷h jm cdlmzc wm kigimtch ihigianbmhzm pata wiwzmbaw otáeigcw umgzctianmw(     ?    a    h    i    o     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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 ANOCTIZBCW JM CG]NZABIMHZC JM W]PMTEIGIMW 1( W]PMTEIGIMW CG]NZAW< DAGF EAGM TMHCUAN +G]NNIHO) Mn cdlmziuc jm éwzm g÷jioc mw mnibihat w}pmteigimw hc uiwidnmw jm }h cdlmzc y mnibihat w}pmteigimw jm }h cdlmzc cg}nzaw pct cztcw cdlmzcw(

Bézcjc Dagf Eagm g}nniho< 1( Witum pata jmzmtbihat naw gataw jm }h cdlmzc q}m mwzáh jmztáw y hc wch uiwidnmw a( Gaja gata jmeihm }h pnahc q}m jiuijm mn mwpagic mh jcw wmbimwpagicw. }hc /ih/ y cztc /c}z/ d( Mn w}dmwpagic /ih/ mw aq}én mh q}m wm mhg}mhzta mn cdlmzc +an bmhcw na patzm jmn cdlmzc q}m zimhm a mwza gata pct etchzmta gch mn m{zmtict) g( Na gata mwzá jmztáw tmwpmgzc jm }h gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h GP wi mn GP mwzá mh mn wmbimwpagic /ih/ +mn cdlmzc zapa a na gata) j( Na gata mwzá jmnahzm tmwpmgzc jmn GP wi éwzm wm mhg}mhzta mh mn wmbimwpagic /c}z/ 4( Ptmeinztc pata tmwzc jm anoctizbcw jm w}pmteigimw cg}nzaw< jmwgatza gataw q}m wmo}tc q}m hc wch uiwidnmw +g}nniho) a( Wi dagf eagm ihjiga q}m }ha gata mwzá jmztáw. na gata hc mw uiwidnm d( Wi dagf eagm ihjiga q}m }ha gata mwzá jmnahzm. p}mjm q}m mwzé cg}nza wi mn cdlmzc hc mw gchum{c c wi zimhm cztc cdlmzc jmnahzm 7( Pcgc gcwzcwc( Anoctizbc dagf eagm<     ;

1( Gang}nat na hctban /c}z/)

a gaja gaja gata gata q}m ap}hza kagia ae}mta jmn cdlmzc +kagia mn wmbimwpagic

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

   a    h    i    o     á     P

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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4( Mwz}jiat wiohc jmn gcwmhc jmn áho}nc mhztm na hctban a na gata y na jitmggi÷h jm ptcymggi÷h ptcymggi÷h +ua jmn cdlmzc kagia mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h)< a( Wi mw 8 0. na gata mwzá jmnahzm y hc wm jmwgatza +p}mjm q}m wma uiwidnm) +mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h y mwzáh mh mn biwbc wmbimwpagic< wmbimwpagic< mn /c}z/) d( Wi mw > 0. na gata mwzá jmztáw y wm jmwgatza +hc

uiwidnm)

+mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h mwzá mh wmbimwpagic /ih/ y mwzá mh wmbimwpagic /c}z/) g( Wi mw 2 0. na gata mwzá jm gahzc y wm jmwgatza +wi mw uiwidnm. wm tmj}gitá a }ha atiwza q}m jm zcjaw bahmtaw apatmgmtá an ptcymgzat }ha gata umgiha) Gáng}nc jm na hctban< 1( Mh 4J a( Wm ctjmhah uétzigmw mh jitmggi÷h ahzikctatic( d( Hctban a }ha atiwza wm gang}na gcbc ptcj}gzc umgzctian jm umgzct jm na atiwza gch umgzct }hizatic jm mlm C\ g( Mlmbpnc< Wi zmhmbcw }h pcnâochc jm uétzigmw A D G J +wmhzijc ahzikctatic). na hctban a na atiwza AD mw<

4( Mh 7J a( Wm ctjmhah uétzigmw jm gaja gata mh wmhzijc ahzikctatic uiwzcw jmwjm e}mta jmn cdlmzc d( Hctban a na gata mw mn ptcj}gzc umgzctian jm jcw atiwzaw gchwmg}ziuaw g( Mlmbpnc< Wi }ha jm naw gataw jmn cdlmzc zimhm ncw uétzigmw A D G +mh wmhzijc ahzikctatic uiwzcw jmwjm e}mta jmn cdlmzc). na hctban a na gata ADG mw. pct mlmbpnc<

Gáng}nc jmn wiohc jmn gcwmhc jmn áho}nc mhztm na hctban y na jitmggi÷h jm ptcymggi÷h 1( Dawza mwz}jiat mn wiohc jmn ptcj}gzc mwganat <

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4( Cdzmhgi÷h jm na jitmggi÷h jm ptcymggi÷h

a }wat<

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

   a    h    i    o     á     P

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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a( Mn umgzct ua jmn cdlmzc kagia mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h d( Wi mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h GP 2 +G {.Gy.G|.0) mw }h p}hzc ibptcpic. gcihgijm gch GP

g( Wi mn gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h GP 2 +G {.Gy.G|.G) mw }h p}hzc ptcpic +G  hc mw gmtc). mw mn umgzct q}m ua jm }hc jm ncw uétzigmw jm na gata +p(ml(. mn p}hzc A) an gmhztc jm ptcymggi÷h<

Cdwmtuagichmw< 1( Wm p}mjm kagmt dagf eagm ahzmw jmn ptmatpiho< akctta ptcgmwc jm ptcymggi÷h 4( Wi wm kagm ptmatpiho. mn wiohc jmn ptcj}gzc mwganat mw mn wiohc jm na gcctjmhaja \ jm na hctban a na gata +ztaw ptmatpiho. na ptcymggi÷h mw ctzcotáeiga gch jitmggi÷h#GP +0.0.1.0)) 7( Hc mw ptmgiwc hctbani|at naw hctbanmw +kagmtnaw }hizatiaw). a}hq}m mwzm gáng}nc uimhm dimh pata cztcw anoctizbcw +in}bihagi÷h) :( Mh mn gáng}nc jm na jitmggi÷h jm ptcymggi÷h pata GP ptcpicw. ja io}an mn uétzigm jm na gata mwgcoijc +tmnagi÷h gch jiwzahgia jm p}hzc a pnahc jmn ptcj}gzc ) =( Czta ectba anzmthaziua jm gáng}nc jmn wiohc< 1( Wi A{&Dy&G|&J20 mw na mg}agi÷h jmn pnahc jm na gata y 4( +A. D. G) mw }h umgzct hctban a na gata ap}hzahjc kagia ae}mta 7( mhzchgmw mn wiohc a mwz}jiat mw mn jm AG {&DGy&GG|&JG +tmnagi÷h gch jiwzahgia jm p}hzc a pnahc) Dagf eagm g}nniho +zabdiéh nnabajc mnibihagi÷h jmn mhetmhzabimhzc ztawmtc) Na ectba báw wibpnm jm mnibihat pcnâochcw ihhmgmwaticw mw mnibihat zcjcw aq}mnncw q}m mn cdwmtuajct hc p}mjm umt( Mwzc wm gchcgm gcbc dagf eagm g}nniho( Ya q}m na bayctâa jm ncw     0     1 cdlmzcw 7J wch gcbpnmzabmhzm gmttajcw. ncw pcnâochcw hc mhetmhzajcw an cdwmtuajct mwzáh    a    h    i    o wimbptm dncq}majcw pct pcnâochcw q}m wâ nc mwzáh. m{gmpzc g}ahjc mn cdwmtuajct mwzá jmhztc jmn     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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cdlmzc( Mn mhetmhzabimhzc jm }h pcnâochc mwza jmeihijc pct mn ihjiho } ctjmh mh mn q}m w}w uétzigmw wm mhuâah an tmhjmti|ajc( ]h tmhjmti|ajc p}mjm jmeihit }h ihjiho mh mn wmhzijc jm naw ao}law jmn tmncl c gchztatic gcbc mhetmhzabimhzc kagia mn etmhzm c kagia aztáw( ]ha um| q}m }h pcnâochc wm ztahwectb÷ a }h mwpagic mh na pahzanna. w} ihjiho p}mjm wmt umtieigajc y wi mwza mh na jitmggi÷h cp}mwza. hc mw jid}lajc( Pct w} p}mwzc. dagf eagm g}nniho hc p}mjm wmt }wajc gch ucnübmhmw adimtzcw c jmomhmtajcw( Mwzt}gz}taw jm jazcw mwpagianmw< Zéghigaw báw auah|ajaw }wah mwzt}gz}taw jm jazcw pata mnibihat cdlmzcw q}m mwzáh e}mta jmn ucn}bmh uiwidnm c zapajcw pct cztcw cdlmzcw( Naw mwzt}gz}taw jm jazcw báw gcb}hmw wch patzigichajc dihatic jmn mwpagic. y mnibihagi÷h jm gmnja y pctzan( Bmlctaw pcwzmtictmw< Wi dimh mn ptcgmwc jm j m tawzmti|agi÷h dáwigc kagm jégajaw q}m wm gchcgm. naw apnigagichmw bcjmthaw wio}mh kagimhjc cpzibi|agichmw y ajigichmw pata a}bmhzat mn tahoc jm pcwidinijajmw jmn bczct jm tawzmti|agi÷h( Einztajc jm zm{z}taw< Naw zm{z}taw wch gtmajaw a tmwcn}gichmw mwpmgâeigaw. pmtc ya q}m na w}pmteigim mh jchjm mwzáh apnigajaw p}mjm mwzat a g}anq}imt jiwzahgia jmn cdwmtuajct. mwzaw p}mjmh bcwztatwm mh zabañcw atdiztaticw mh na ibaomh eihan( Gcbc tmw}nzajc. }h pâ{mn mh na pahzanna }w}anbmhzm hc gcttmwpchjm jitmgzabmhzm a }h zm{mn( Ano}ha zéghiga jm einztajc jmdm wmt apnigaja pata ncotat ibáomhmw gnataw a g}anq}imt jiwzahgia( Kay uaticw bézcjcw. gch jiemtmhzmw tmnagichmw mhztm ganijaj jm ibaomh y gcbpnmlijaj gcbp}zagichan( Mhuitchbmhz bappiho +bapmajc jmn mhzcthc)< Mn bapmajc jmn mhzcthc mw }ha ectba jm bapmajc jm zm{z}taw mh na g}an naw gcctjmhajaw jm na zm{z}ta wch jmpmhjimhzmw jm na uiwza( ]ha apnigagi÷h gcbüh. pct mlmbpnc. mw wib}nat tmenmlc mh }h cdlmzc gch dtinnc( ]hc. pct mlmbpnc. wm p}mjm bapmat mn mhzcthc jm }h g}atzc a }ha gcpa jm bmzan. gcbc mn cdwmtuajct wm b}mua antmjmjct jm na gcpa. naw gcctjmhajaw jm na zm{z}ta mh ncw uétzigmw jm na gcpa wm b}mumh ptcpctgichanbmhzm. ptcpctgichanbmhzm. jahjc na in}wi÷h jm bmzan tmenmgziuc( D}bp bappiho +bapmajc jm ibpmtemggichmw. ibpmtemggichmw. ocnpmw. t}ocwijaj)< D}bp bappiho mw czta ectba jm bapmajc jm zm{z}ta q}m hc ptcumm a ncw pâ{mnmw jm gcnct wihc jm ptce}hjijaj( Mwpmgianbmhzm gch pâ{mn wkajmtw bcjmthcw. d}bp bappiho gtma na wmhwagi÷h jm t}ocwijaj jmpmhjimhzm jm na n}| y mn p}hzc jm uiwza mh }ha } ha w}pmteigim pata a}bmhzat mn tmaniwbc( Hiumn jm jmzannm +NCJ)< Mh b}gkaw apnigagichmw bcjmthaw. mn hübmtc jm pcnâochcw mh }ha mwgmha p}mjm wmt ibptmwichahzm( Wih mbdatoc. }h cdwmtuajct mh }ha mwgmha wcnc pcjtá jiwgmthit jmzannmw jm

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

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]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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cdlmzcw gmtgahcw( Ncw anoctizbcw jm hiumn jm jmzannm uatâah na gcbpnmlijaj jm na omcbmztâa mh e}hgi÷h jm na jiwzahgia an cdwmtuajct( Ncw cdlmzcw l}wzc mhetmhzm jmn cdwmtuajct p}mjmh wmt bcwztajcw mh w} gcbpnmza gcbpnmlijaj bimhztaw q}m ncw cdlmzcw q}m mwzáh báw nmlcw p}mjmh wmt wibpnieigajcw jihábigabmhzm( Wcbdtaw< Ncw gáng}ncw jm in}bihagi÷h mh mn ztajigichan ptcgmwc jm tawzmti|agi÷h hc zimhmh mh g}mhza na cdwzt}ggi÷h jm cdlmzcw( Mn bapmajc jm wcbdtaw y mn bapmajc jm ucnübmhmw jm wcbdtaw wch jcw zéghigaw gcb}hmw bcjmthaw pata gtmat wcbdtaw( Agmnmtagi÷h pct katjatm< Gcbmh|ahjc mh ncw 90/. na agmnmtagi÷h pct katjatm pata gchw}bijctmw hctbanmw jm gcbp}zajctaw jm mwgtizctic wm ka gchumtzijc mh na hctba( Bimhztaw q}m ncw ptcotabajctmw otáeigcw wm kadâah báw zmbptahabmhzm dawajc mh mhwabdnajct gcjieigajc a bahc pata q}m w}w ptcotabaw e}hgichmh báw tápijc. na bayctâa jm ncw ptcotabaw bcjmthcw mwzáh mwgtizcw pata e}hgichat a ztauéw jm }ha jm naw m{iwzmhzmw APIw otáeigaw. naw g}anmw bahmlah a na OP]( Naw ünzibaw OP]w pcwmmh wcpctzm pata Pâ{mn Wkajmtw ptcotabadnmw ncw g}anmw bmlctah jtáwzigabmhzm naw pcwidinijajmw jm ncw ptcotabajctmw( Na zmhjmhgia mwzá ap}hzaja a na gcbpnmza ptcotabadinijaj jm na pipmnihm +z}dmtâa. gchj}gzc) otáeiga( Ptcgmwajct jm ibáomhmw tawzmti|ajaw< ]h ptcgmwajct jm ibáomhmw tawzmti|ajaw. c TIP. mw }h jiwpcwiziuc q}m wm }wa mh ncw wiwzmbaw jm ibptmwi÷h pata ptcj}git }ha ibaomh jm bapa jm dizw( Pcwzmtictbmhzm. mn dizbap omhmtajc pct mn ptcgmwajct wm mhuâa a }h jiwpcwiziuc jm ibptmwi÷h( Na mhztaja jm jazcw mh mn TIP p}mjm wmt }ha páoiha omhmtaja mh }h nmho}alm jm jmwgtipgi÷h jm páoiha jm jm anzc hiumn gcbc p}mjm wmt PcwzWgtipz. PJE +jmn agt÷hibc ihonéw pctzadnm Jcg}bmhz Ectbaz) c [PW( Zabdiéh p}mjm wmt cztc dizbap jm }h jiwpcwiziuc g}ya wanija mw mhuiaja a na mhztaja jmn TIP( Mh ünziba ihwzahgia. mn jiwpcwiziuc TIP apniga anoctizbcw jm ihzmtpcnagi÷h y w}aui|ajc wcdtm mn dizbap jm mhztaja pata omhmtat mn dizbap jm wanija( Na eihanijaj jmn ptcgmwabimhzc pata mn q}m wm ka gchgmdijc }h TIP mw gchwmo}it }ha ibaomh tawzmti|aja jm anza tmwcn}gi÷h a patzit jm }ha ihectbagi÷h jioizan umgzctian( Ihigianbmhzm. ncw jiwpcwiziucw TIPw mtah }ha mzapa jm na mnmgzt÷higa jmn katjatm q}m tmgidâa na jmwgtipgi÷h jm na páoiha a ztauéw jm }ha ihzmtea|. +omhmtanbmhzm na TW474) y omhmtada }ha wanija q}m pcwzmtictbmhzm wm }wada pata kadinizat c jmwkadinizat gaja pâ{mn mh zimbpc tman jmn jiwpcwiziuc jm wanija gcbc p}jimta wmt mn mwgáhmt jm }ha einbajcta jm eczcnizcw( Ihgn}wium. }h TIP wm p}mjm ibpnmbmhzat mh }h gcbpchmhzm wcezatm jmn wiwzmba cpmtaziuc c gcbc }h eitbatm mlmg}zajc mh }h bigtcptcgmwajct jmn ihzmtict jm na ibptmwcta( Okcwzwgtipz y     4     1 OkcwzPGN wch mlmbpncw jm wcezatm TIPw( Gaja ibptmwcta PcwzWgtipz gchzimhm }h TIP mh w}    a    h    i    o     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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eitbatm( Ncw TIPw báw tmgimhzmw o}atjah na gcbpazidinijaj kagia aztáw gch pkczcwmzzmtw pct mwc wch gapagmw jm wcpctzat nmho}almw báw ahzio}cw( Pawcw jm }h TIP< 





Ihzmtptmzagi÷h( Mwzm mw mn pawc jchjm mn nmho}alm jm jmwgtipgi÷h jm páoiha wcpctzajc wm ztahwectba mh }ha tmptmwmhzagi÷h jm }ha páoiha patzig}nat( B}gkcw TIPw ptcgmwah páoihaw gch zahza ihzmhwijaj q}m mn e}hgichabimhzc kadiz}an jm na báq}iha mw wcnc pata na páoiha mh g}twc. mw jmgit. wm ptcgmwc }ha wcna páoiha gaja um|( ]ha um| q}m na páoiha wm ka omhmtajc wm ptcgmwa na wio}imhzm( Tmhjmti|ajc( Ptcgmwc a ztauéw jmn g}an na tmptmwmhzagi÷h ihzmtha patzig}nat wm ztahwectba mh }h dizbap jm zchc gchzih}c( Kay q}m kagmt hczat q}m. mh na ptágziga. na ihzmtptmzagi÷h y mn tmhjmti|ajc wm kagmh l}hzcw gch dawzahzm etmg}mhgia( Ncw nmho}almw wibpnmw +mh w} bayct patzm ncw báw ahzio}cw) wm jiwmñatch pata ztadalat gch bâhibcw tmq}mtibimhzcw jm katjatm. pct mwc zimhjmh a mlmg}zat mn tmhjmti|ajc jitmgzabmhzm( Ptcymggi÷h( Pata q}m wm ibptiba. }h dizbap jm zchcw gchzih}cw wm ka jm ztahwectbat ptmuiabmhzm mh cztc jm zchcw bmjicw +paztchmw jm p}hzcw)( Kay jcw bézcjcw c zipcw pata mwzm pawc( Na ptcymggi÷h pct bcjieigagi÷h mh na abpniz}j +AB) y na ptcymggi÷h mwzcgáwziga c pct bcj}nagi÷h mh na etmg}mhgia +EB)( Mh na ptcymggi÷h AB. na uatiagi÷h jmn zabañc jm ncw p}hzcw jmpmhjm jm na jmhwijaj jmn cdlmzc y w}w uanctmw zchanmw( Ncw p}hzcw wm gcncgah mh }ha g}ajtâg}na eila pmtc wch bayctmw wi gcttmwpchjmh a }h átma jm na ibaomh jm anza jmhwijaj( Mh na ptcymggi÷h EB. mn zabañc jm ncw p}hzcw pmtbahmgm wimbptm gchwzahzm y wm }digah mh }h ctjmh anmazctic pata gtmat átmaw jm ibaomh báw gnataw } cwg}taw( Mn mbpna|abimhzc jm ncw p}hzcw. y na jmhwijaj jm mwzcw. wm gchztcna a patzit jm }h wceiwzigajc anoctizbc bazmbázigc(

Ncw TIP wm }wah mh naw ibptmwctaw náwmt pata gcb}higat naw ibáomhmw tawzmti|ajaw an náwmt jm dattijc jm na ibptmwcta(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

1:

4( ANOCTIZBC  ANOCTIZBC JM _ATHCGF  Báw gcbpnmlc q}m \"d}eemt. pmtc hc tmq}imtm zahza bmbctia Wm w}mnm }wat gch gataw ztiaho}natmw pata wibpnieigat gcbptcdagichmw jm wcnapabimhzc Ijma mw d}wgat átmaw tmgzaho}natmw jm na pahzanna q}m zmhoah gcnct }hiectbm< mn jmn echjc c mn jm }ha gata

Ptcgmjibimhzc ihzmthc 1( Ptmptcgmwc wmbmlahzm an jm \"d}eemt< 1( baztigmw jm ztahwectbagi÷h 4( dagf eagm 7( gnippiho :( ptmatpiho 4( Wm ztahwectbah naw gataw a gcctjmhajaw jm pahzanna 7( Wm gang}na na mg}agi÷h jmn pnahc gcttmwpchjimhzm a gaja gata ztahwectbaja ztahwectbaja :( Wm zimhm niwza jm tmgzáho}ncw pmhjimhzm jm mwz}jic6 wm gcbimh|a gch tmgzáho}nc q}m g}dta zcja na pahzanna =( Wm zcba }h tmgzáho}nc jm na niwza< 1( Wi mn tmgzáho}nc mw jmn zabañc jm }h pâ{mn. wm cdzimhmh zcjaw naw gataw +ztiaho}natmw) g}ya ptcymggi÷h gchzimhm an pâ{mn +mn pâ{mn mwzá jmhztc jm w} ptcymggi÷h)< 1( Wi hiho}ha gata gchzimhm an pâ{mn. wm pihza jm gcnct jm echjc 4( Wi an bmhcw }ha gata gchzimhm an pâ{mn. wm nm ja mn gcnct jm na gata báw gmtgaha +~|~ bmhct) mh mwm p}hzc 4( Wi mn tmgzáho}nc mw bayct q}m }h pâ{mn. wm cdzimhmh zcjaw naw gataw g}ya ptcymggi÷h wm wcnapa gch mn tmgzáho}nc< 1( Wi hiho}ha gata wm wcnapa. wm tmnnmha mn tmgzáho}nc gch mn gcnct jm echjc 4( Wi mn tmgzáho}nc wm mhg}mhzta gcbpnmzabmhzm jmhztc jm na ptcymggi÷h jm }ha gata. y mwza gata mw na báw gmtgaha jm naw q}m wm wcnapah gch mn tmgzáho}nc. wm tmnnmha gch mn gcnct jm mwza gata 7( Wi hc wm ja hiho}hc jm mwzcw gawcw. wm w}djiuijm mn tmgzáho}nc

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Gcbptcdagichmw Gcbptcdagichmw jm wcnapabimhzc 1( Gata P1P4P7. tmgzáho}nc jajc pct n+mez). t+iokz). d+czzcb). z+cp) 1( d+czzcb) zimhm gcctjmhaja Y bayct q}m zcp mh na pahzanna 4( Wm gang}nah { bih 2 bih +{1.{4.{7) . mzg( 4( Wm tmani|ah naw wio}imhzmw gcbptcdagichmw kawza q}m wm jmzmtbihm mn zipc jm wcnapabimhzc< 1( Bihiba{ zmwz< Wi wm g}bpnm ano}ha jm naw gchjigichmw wio}imhzmw. hc kay wcnapabimhzc 1( {ba{ > n 4( {bih 8 t 7( ybih 8 d :( yba{ > z 4( Gcbptcdagi÷h jm ihzmtwmggi÷h atiwza tmgzáho}nc +wcnapabimhzc patgian)< 1( Pata dctjm n+mez). wi n hc mwzá mhztm { 1 y {4. hc kay ihzmtwmggi÷h6 ihzmtwmggi÷h6 mh gawc gchzatic< 1( Wm gang}na na Y jm ihzmtwmggi÷h gch atiwza P 1P4 4( Wi na Y jm ihzmtwmggi÷h mwzá mhztm z+cp) y d+czzcb). kay ihzmtwmggi÷h 4( Wi hc kay ihzmtwmggi÷h. ihzmtwmggi÷h. wm tmpizm ptcgmwc pata tmwzc jm atiwzaw y dctjmw jmn tmgzáho}nc kawza mhgchztat ihzmtwmggi÷h 7( Wi hc kay hiho}ha ihzmtwmggi÷h. wm gchzihüa gch wio}imhzm gcbptcdagi÷h :( Wi kay ihzmtwmggi÷h. hc wm gcbpt}mda báw( 7( Gcbptcdagi÷h jm ztiáho}nc jmhztc +wcnapabimhzc +wcnapabimhzc patgian)< 1( Wi zcjcw ncw uétzigmw jmn ztiáho}nc jmhztc jm tmgzáho}nc. mn ztiáho}nc mwzá jmhztc jmn tmgzáho}nc 4( Wm gcbpt}mda wi }hc jm ncw uétzigmw mwzáh mh |cha /ih/ tmwpmgzc jm zcjcw ncw dctjmw :( Gcbptcdagi÷h jm tmgzáho}nc jmhztc +wcnapabimhzc zczan)< 1( Wi zcjcw ncw uétzigmw jmn tmgzáho}nc jmhztc jm ztiáho}nc. mn tmgzáho}nc mwzá jmhztc jmn ztiáho}nc 4( Wm gcbpt}mda wi }hc jm ncw uétzigmw mwzáh mh |cha /ih/ tmwpmgzc jm zcjaw naw atiwzaw =( Wi hc. mn ztiáho}nc y mn tmgzáho}nc wch jiwl}hzcw +hc kay wcnapabimhzc)     =     1    a    h    i    o     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Gcbptcdagi÷h jm ptc{ibijaj 1( Wm tmani|a g}ahjc tmgzáho}nc mwzá gcbpnmzabmhzm jmhztc jm }ha gata 4( Wm gang}na jiwzahgia +\) jm naw mwq}ihaw jmn tmgzáho}nc pata ncw pnahcw jm zcjaw naw gataw g}ya ptcymggi÷h wm wcnapa gch tmgzáho}nc 1( Wi }ha jm naw gataw zimhm jiwzahgiaw bmhctmw q}m zcjaw naw jmbáw +na bayct jm w}w jiwzahgiaw mw bmhct q}m g}anq}imta jm naw jmn j mn tmwzc jm naw gataw). mwza mw na gata báw gmtgaha 4( Wi mwzc hc w}gmjm. c wi na gata báw gmtgaha hc ihgn}ym an tmgzáho}nc pct gcbpnmzc. wm w}djiuijm

Cdwmtuagichmw 1( Gcbptcdagi÷h jm wi }h p}hzc mwzá mh |cha /ih/ jm }ha atiwza wm tmani|a jm ectba wmbmlahzm an anoctizbc jm dagf eagm tmbcuan< wm w}wziz}ymh gcctjmhajaw jmn p}hzc mh mg}agi÷h jm na tmgza y wm um mn wiohc +A{&Dy&G 8 0< c}z. > 0< ih) 4( Gáng}nc jm jiwzahgiaw +gcctjmhaja |) wm kagm jm ectba wmbmlahzm a anoctizbc jm \" d}eemt. a patzit jm mg}agi÷h jmn pnahc jm na gata 1( Hc kagm eanza pawat jm gcctjmhajaw jm pahzanna a gcctjmhajaw jm b}hjc tman 4( Wm p}mjm akcttat }ha jiuiwi÷h pawahjc a }ha mg}agi÷h jmn pnahc jmn zipc +G21)< A{&Dy&|&J20 6 | 2 "J"A{"Dy 7( Wm p}mjm aptcumgkat ihectbagi÷h jm gcbptcdagichmw ptmuiaw< 1( Wi ztiáho}nc mw jiwl}hzc jm }h tmgzáho}nc. zabdiéh nc mw jm zcjaw w}w w}djiuiwichmw 4( Wi }h ztiáho}nc zapa a }h tmgzáho}nc. zabdiéh zapa a zcjaw w}w w}djiuiwichmw :( Wm p}mjm wceiwzigat na gcbptcdagi÷h jm ptc{ibijaj gch zéghigaw wmbmlahzmw a naw jmn anoctizbc jmn pihzct 1( W/ jmztáw jm pnahc jm W 4( W jmnahzm jm pnahc W/

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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7(Mn 7( Mn Anoctizbc \"D}eemt Mw }h bézcjc jm zipc mwpagic"ibaomh6 q}m gchwiwzm mh q}m gaja um| q}m tmani|a mn tmhjmti|ajc umtieiga q}m hc wm kaya jid}lajc ahzmw mh na pcwigi÷h jmn pi{mn q}m mwzé báw gmtga jm na pcwigi÷h tmwpmgzc jm na gábata( A jiemtmhgia gch anoctizbc jmn pihzct hc mw hmgmwatic gnawieigat }h hübmtc iheihizc jm p}hzcw( Wcnc mw ptmgiwc mwpmgieigat aq}mnncw q}m uah a wmt jid}lajcw. mw jmgit aq}mnncw q}m gcttmwpchjmh a ncw pi{mnmw }digajcw mh ncw p}mtzcw jm uiw}ani|agi÷h jchjm na baohiz}j jmn h}bmtc jm pi{mnmw mw eihiza a jiemtmhgia jm ncw p}hzcw q}m wm mhg}mhztah mh na w}pmteigim jm }h pcnâochc( Mhzchgmw nc q}m kagm mn Anoctizbc \"D}eemt tmoiwzta q}m wm jid}la mh gaja pi{mn jmn p}mtzc jm uiw}ani|agi÷h. awâ pcjtâabcw mwzat wmo}tc q}m wm b}mwztah aq}mnncw pi{mnmw q}m tmptmwmhzah ncw p}hzcw báw gmtgahcw an mwpmgzajct( Wm mwzatâa mhzchgmw nnmuahjc a gadc }ha gnawieigagi÷h jm ptce}hjijajmw wmpataja jm gaja pi{mn mh mn átma jm na pahzanna gcttmwpchjimhzm an p}mtzc jm uiw}ani|agi÷h(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

1;

Pata agziuatnc }zini|ahjc mn CpmhON wm katá }ha nnabaja an<

onMhadnm +ONSJMPZKSZMWZ) Mwza nnabaja nm jigm an CpmhON q}m agzium mn mwzm jm ptce}hjijaj( Ajmbáw. gaja um| q}m wm tmjid}lm na mwgmha. apatzm jm dcttat mn d}eemt jm gcnct. kay q}m dcttat mn d}eemt jm ptce}hjijaj. y  mwc wm tmani|a gch na nnabaja a<

onGnmat +ONSGCNCTSD]EEMTSDIZ~ ONSJMPZKSD]EEMTSDIZ) ONSJMPZKSD]EEMTSDIZ)(( Pct }nzibc. y hc bmhcw ibpctzahzm. an bcbmhzc jm ihigiani|at CpmhON wm nm zimhm q}m jmgit q}m gtmm n d}eemt jm ptce}hjijaj( Mwzc wm tmani|a an jmeihit mn bcjc uiw}ani|agi÷h(

Wih \" D}eemt

Gch \"D}eemt

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

19

G}ahjc mn Anoctizbc \"D}eemt e}hgicha gcttmgzabmhzm. hc apatmgmh w}pmteigimw cg}nzaw ztahwpatmhzajaw6 ztahwpatmhzajaw6 Wih mbdatoc. ptmwmhzah jcw ihgchumhimhzmw< zimbpc y bmbctia +jmdijc a mwzcw jmzannmw mwza e}hgi÷h uimhm ibpnmbmhzaja mh naw zatlmzaw otaeigaw jm katjatm agz}anmw)( Wm tmq}imtmh jm jcw atmaw jm bmbctia pata ibpnmbmhzat mn d}eemt jm ptce}hjijaj y mn d}eemt jm tmhcuagi÷h( Mn d}eemt jm ptce}hjijaj wm }zini|a pata anbagmhat ncw uanctmw jm \ pata gaja pcwigi÷h {. y a bmjija q}m wm tmani|ah naw gcbpatagichmw gcbpatagichmw mh mn wmo}hjc d}eemt wm anbagmha ncw uanctmw jm ihzmhwijaj jm gaja pcwigi÷h(

Uanctmw Anbagmhajcw pct mn \"D}eemt

Naw ptce}hjijajmw wch tmptmwmhzajaw pct ncw hübmtcw jm gaja gmnja jm na bazti| q}m tmptmwmhza an p}mtzc jm uiw}ani|agi÷h jm zan bahmta q}m mn ;0 tmptmwmhza an pi{mn báw anmlajc jmn cdwmtuajct( Ihigianbmhzm mn \"D}eemt wm mhg}mhzta uagic +gatoajcw gch gmtcw). n}moc añajibcw }h pcnâochc jm ptce}hjijaj gchwzahzm an d}eemt uagic y cdwmtuabcw na bazti| tmw}nzahzm . n}moc wm añajm }h pcnâochc baw jm ptce}hjijaj gchwzahzm zabdiéh y gch ptce}hjijajmw jiwzihzaw y cdwmtuabcw ncw gabdicw q}m w}etm gaja gmnja gch tmwpmgzc tm wpmgzc an uanct ihigian( ]ha ibpnmbmhzagi÷h jmn anoctizbc wmtia<

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

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]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

40

+)v  Ucij |SD}eemt +)v  ihz {. y6  ect+y206y>YBA[6y&&)v   ect+{206{>[BA[6{&&)v  _tizmPi{mn+{.y.gcnct)6 _tizm\+{.y.0)6  r  r  r  ##Mwzm bmzcjc nibpia mn etabm D}eemt y mn \"D}eemt   ##mh nc q}m tmwpmgza an mlm \   ect +gaja pcniochc)v   ect+gaja pi{mn mh na ptcymggich jmn pcniochc)v  jc}dnm p|2uanct jm | mh naw gcctjmhajaw {.y  ie+p|82Tmaj+{.y))v  _tizm+{.y.p|)6 _tizmPi{mn+{.y.gcnct jmn pi{mn mh gctjmhajaw {.y)6  r  r  r  ##mwzm bmzcjc agz}ani|a mn D}eemt jm tmhcuagich gch ncw uanctmw  ##ya gcbpatajcw mh mn \"D}eemt 

Wi anoüh cztc cdlmzc wm zimhm q}m tmhjmti|at mh mn biwbc pi{mn na zatlmza otaeiga tmani|a naw gcbpatagichmw y mnilm na báw gmtgahc gmtgahc an cdwmtuajct( Mhzchgmw Mhzchgmw mwzm uanct mw o}atjajc mh mn \" D}eemt. tmmbpna|ahjc an uanct ahzio}c( Mwzc pmtbizitá na gcttmgza tmptmwmhzagi÷h jm ncw cdlmzcw( ‒ NCW CDLMZCW GMTGAHCW CG]NZAH A NCW BAW NMLAHCW‒

Akcta na jiwztid}gi÷h jm na jiwzahgia jmn \"D}eemt hc mw pct io}an. pata mwzc m{iwzm }ha uatiagi÷h jmn \"D}eemt g}ya ptmgiwi÷h jm ncw tmw}nzajcw mwzáh bmlct jiwztid}ijcw. mwza wm nnaba _ "D}eemt( Pata jid}lat }ha h}mua mwgmha. mn \"D}eemt jmdmtá nibpiatwm a }h uanct jmeihijc. hctbanbmhzm mw 1(0 pctq}m mwzm uanct mw mw mn nâbizm w}pmtict pata }ha mwgana mhztm 0 y 1( Mwzc ibpniga q}m hc kay cdlmzcw báw anmlajcw mh mwm p}hzc mh mn et}wz}b jm uiwi÷h( Na ihumhgi÷h jm mwzm gchgmpzc jm \"D}eemt wm w}mnm apnigat a Mjih Gazb}nn( Tmanbmhzm zabdiéh a     0     4 _cneoaho Wztadmt jmwgtidi÷ mwza ijma mh w} zmwiw jcgzctan jm 19?:(    a    h    i    o     á     P

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

41

Ano}haw Jmwumhzalaw y Umhzalaw< Na otah umhzala jm mwzm mwzm bézcjc mw q}m mw iheanidnm( Hc ibpctza ibpctza nc gcbc wma na ibaomh. wimbptm jatá jatá tmw}nzajcw ibpmgadnmw( Ncw ihgchumhimhzmw< na jieig}nzaj jm ptcotabagi÷h. na otah gahzijaj jm bmbctia hmgmwatia pata bahzmhmt mn d}eemt jm pahzanna. y na m{gmwiua nmhziz}j jmn wiwzmba( Mh otahjmw ctjmhajctmw mn ptcgmwc p}mjm zcbat ano}hcw bih}zcw . bimhztaw q}m mh wiwzmbaw gawmtcw . p}mjm zcbat kctaw m ihgn}wc jâaw jmpmhjimhjc jm jm na gcbpnmlijaj jm na ibaomh ( Pata jiwbih}it mh bmjija na gahzijaj jm bmbctia hmgmwatia. wm ijmc mn bézcjc jm na NIHMA JMN M[ABMH q}m mw ijéhzigc an \"D}eemt wcnc q}m mh um| jm anbagmhat zcja na pahzanna. wm anbagmha wcnc }ha nâhma jm pi{mnmw jm gaja um|. ztazahjc ühigabmhzm ühigabmhzm ncw p}hzcw g}ya ptcymggi÷h pmtzmhmgmh a naw gcctjmhajaw jmn Wgah( Y tmpizimhjc mn biwbc ptcgmwc pata zcjaw naw nâhmaw jm pahzanna. wm gchwio}mh tmw}nzajcw tmw}nzajcw gcbc mn wiwzmba \"D}eemt \"D}eemt 6 akcta tmwpmgzc a mwzm mwzm bézcjc wm tmq}imtm jm bayct jieig}nzaj jm ptcotabagi÷h y zimbpcw jm ptcgmwcw( 





:( Anoctizbc  Anoctizbc jmn pihzct Mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct mw }ha jm naw wcn}gichmw báw wibpnmw pata mn ptcdnmba jm uiwidinijaj mh ncw otáeigcw 7J pct gcbp}zajcta( G}ahjc wm ptcymgza }ha mwgmha jm ztmw jibmhwichmw mh }h pnahc jm jcw mw hmgmwatic jmzmtbihat q}m pcnâochcw wch uiwidnmw y g}ánmw hc( Mn hcbdtm $anoctizbc jmn pihzct$ wm tmeimtm a }h pihzct q}m ptibmtc jid}la ncw mnmbmhzcw nmlahcw jm }ha mwgmha y jmwp}éw ncw g}dtm gch ncw báw gmtgahcw( Mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct ctjmha zcjcw ncw pcnâochcw jm }ha mwgmha mh e}hgi÷h jm w} ptce}hjijaj y jmwp}éw ncw pihza mh mwm ctjmh. pihzahjc mhgiba jm naw patzmw q}m hc wch uiwidnmw y wcn}gichahjc awâ mn ptcdnmba jm na uiwidinijaj(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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Wm pihzah ptibmtc naw bchzañaw nmlahaw. wmo}ijaw pct mn ptajc6 eihanbmhzm wm jid}lah ncw cdlmzcw báw gmtgahcw. ncw átdcnmw(

Ncw pcnâochcw w}pmtp}mwzcw p}mjmh ptcucgat q}m mn anoctizbc eannm( Mn anoctizbc p}mjm eannat mh jmzmtbihajcw gawcw( Mh mwzm mlmbpnc. ncw pcnâochcw A. D y G mwzáh w}pmtp}mwzcw( Hc mw pcwidnm jmzmtbihat q}é pcnâochc mwzá pct mhgiba jm ncw cztcw c g}áhjc jcw wm ihzmtwmgah mh ztmw jibmhwichmw( Mh mwzm gawc. ncw pcnâochcw mh g}mwzi÷h jmdmh wmt gctzajcw jm ano}ha bahmta pata pmtbizit w} ctjmhagi÷h( Mn anoctizbc jm Hmmnn ptcp}mwzc mh 19?4 ja }ha wcn}gi÷h pata gctzat jigkcw pcnâochcw( Zabdiéh wm kah ptcp}mwzc h}bmtcwcw bézcjcw mh mn gabpc jm na omcbmztâa gcbp}zagichan( Mh naw ibpnmbmhzagichmw báw dáwigaw. mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct p}mjm wmt pcgc meigimhzm. ya q}m e}mt|a an wiwzmba a tmhjmti|at gaja p}hzc jm zcjcw ncw pcnâochcw uiwidnmw. ihgn}wc wi mwzcw pcnâochcw mwzáh cg}nzcw mh na mwgmha eihan( Mwzc ibpniga q}m. mh naw mwgmhaw jmzannajaw. mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct p}mjm gchw}bit jmbawiajcw tmg}twcw( Mwzaw y cztaw ga}waw nnmuatch an jmwattcnnc jm naw zéghigaw q}m mbpnmah mn \"D}eemt. q}m p}mjm wmt uiwzaw gcbc }h jmwattcnnc jmn anoctizbc jmn pihzct q}m tmw}mnum ncw gchenigzcw jm ptce}hjijaj pâ{mn pct pi{mn. tmj}gimhjc na hmgmwijaj jm }ha ctjmhagi÷h pct ptce}hjijaj( Ihgn}wc mh mwzcw wiwzmbaw. a umgmw wm mbpnma }ha uatiahzm jmn anoctizbc jmn pihzct( Gcbc naw ibpnmbmhzagichmw jmn \"D}eemt omhmtanbmhzm wm dawah mh }h d}eemt nibizajc jm ptce}hjijaj ibpnmbmhzajc pct katjatm p}mjmh ptcj}gitwm ptcdnmbaw jm uiwidinijaj jmdijc a ncw mttctmw jm tmjchjmc. ptcucgahjc na w}pmtpcwigi÷h mh na }hi÷h jm jcw pcnâochcw( Pata muizatnc. ano}hcw bczctmw otáeigcw ibpnmbmhzah mn $wcdtmtmhjmti|ajc$. jid}lahjc ncw dctjmw jm abdcw pcnâochcw mh mn ctjmh ibp}mwzc pct mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct( Mwzc wiohieiga q}m ano}hcw pi{mnmw wm jid}lah jcw umgmw +gcbc mh mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct hctban). pmtc w÷nc cg}ttm mh pmq}mñaw |chaw jm na ibaomh y apmhaw aemgza an tmhjibimhzc(

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

47

=( Anoctizbc  Anoctizbc DWP +Patzigich Dihatia jmn Mwpagic) Dihaty wpagm patzizichiho c Patzigi÷h Dihatia jmn Mwpagic +DWP) mw }h bézcjc pata w}djiuijit tmg}twiuabmhzm }h mwpagic mh mnmbmhzcw gchum{cw mbpnmahjc kipmtpnahcw( Mwza w}djiuiwi÷h ja n}oat a }ha tmptmwmhzagi÷h jm na mwgmha pct bmjic jm }ha mwzt}gz}ta jm jazcw jmn átdcn gchcgija gcbc átdcn jm DWP Mh jiwmñc pct ctjmhajct mw jmwmadnm q}m mn jid}lc jm }ha mwgmha wma gcttmgza y tápija( ]ha bahmta wmhginna jm jid}lat }ha mwgmha gcttmgzabmhzm mw mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct< jid}lat ptibmtc nc báw nmlahc y jmwp}éw nc báw gmtgahc( Wih mbdatoc. mwzm wiwzmba mw b}y nibizajc ya q}m wm pimtjm zimbpc pihzahjc cdlmzcw q}m báw zatjm wmtáh zapajcw pct cztcw( Na zéghiga jmn \"D}eemt p}mjm awmo}tat q}m naw mwgmhaw wm jid}latáh gcttmgzabmhzm y q}m wm mnibihatá na hmgmwijaj jm wmo}it }h ctjmh gcbc mh mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct. pmtc mw pcgc meigimhzm mh zétbihcw jm bmbctia( Ncw átdcnmw DWP jiuijmh ncw cdlmzcw jm ectba q}m mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct ncw jid}latá gcttmgzabmhzm wih hmgmwijaj jm mbpnmat }h \"d}eemt hi jm ctjmhat ncw cdlmzcw gcbc }h wibpnm átdcn ztahwumtwan q}m ncw bahzmhoa mh mn ctjmh ajmg}ajc( Zabdiéh witum gcbc dawm pata cztcw anoctizbcw. gcbc naw niwzaw jm uiwidinijaj. q}m d}wgah muizat jid}lat wih hmgmwijaj( Mn ptcdnmba mw q}m hmgmwiza }h ptm"ptcgmwabimhzc jm na mwgmha. nc q}m kagm jieâgin m ihmeigimhzm ihwmtzat ncw cdlmzcw b÷uinmw jitmgzabmhzm mh mn átdcn DWP( Mwzc wm w}mnm wcn}gichat mbpnmahjc gchl}hzabmhzm }h \"D}eemt. }wáhjcnc pata }hit gcttmgzabmhzm gcttmgzabmhzm ncw cdlmzcw b÷uinmw gcbc p}mtzaw y mhmbiocw gch mn tmwzc jm na mwgmha( Ncw átdcnmw DWP wm mbpnmah hctbanbmhzm mh ncw uijmcl}mocw. mwpmgianbmhzm mh ncw jm aggi÷h mh ptibmta pmtwcha y mh ncw q}m zimhmh mhzcthcw jm ihzmtict( Ptcdadnmbmhzm mn ptibmt l}moc q}m mbpnm÷ mwza zéghiga e}m Jccb +umt bczct jm Jccb pata báw ihectbagi÷h wcdtm na ibpnmbmhzagi÷h)( Cztcw }wcw ihgn}ym mn Tay ztagiho y na jmzmggi÷h jm gcniwichmw

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

4:

Jmeihigi÷h tmg}twiua jmn átdcn dihatic

Z+W)< 



Wi gatj +W ) 2 1< c

Z+W) mw }ha kcla. u6

c

Mh na kcla wm anbagmha mn cdlmzc +wi m{iwzm). W+u)(

Wi gatj +W ) 8 1< c

Na taâ| u jm Z+W) anbagmha< 

}ha tmgza +pnahc) ku.



gchl}hzc W+u) jm cdlmzcw gchzmhijcw mh ku(

c

Kilc i|q}imtjc jm u< taâ| jm }h átdcn Z+W"). gch W 

c

Kilc jmtmgkc jm u< taâ| jm }h átdcn Z+W&). gch W & 2 vku& ihwzp W < w 3 Wr(

∔ 2

vku" ihwzp W < w 3 Wr(

ihwzp< ihzmtgmpzajc

Na patzigi÷h dihatia jmn mwpagic mw }h ptcgmwc omhétigc q}m jiuijm }ha mwgmha tmg}twiuabmhzm mh jcw kawza q}m waziweagm }hc c báw tmq}iwizcw( Mn bézcjc mwpmgâeigc mbpnmajc uatâa jmpmhjimhjc jmn cdlmziuc eihan( Pct mlmbpnc. mh }h átdcn DWP mbpnmajc pata na jmzmggi÷h jm gcniwichmw mn cdlmzc ctioihan wmtâa jiuijijc kawza q}m gaja patzm wma nc w}eigimhzmbmhzm wmhginna gcbc pata wmt ihjiuij}anbmhzm gcbptcdaja. y mh mn tmhjmti|alm ihzmtmwa q}m gaja patzm wma gchum{a. jm ectba q}m mn anoctizbc jmn pihzct p}mja wmt }wajc( Mn hübmtc eihan jm cdlmzcw gtmgmtá ihmuizadnmbmhzm ihmuizadnmbmhzm ya q}m naw nâhmaw y gataw q}m wm gt}gmh gch mn pnahc jm patzigi÷h wmtáh jiuijijaw mh jcw. y zabdiéh mw jmwmadnm q}m mn átdcn eihan mwzé ta|chadnmbmhzm danahgmajc( Jm kmgkc. mn anoctizbc pata gtmat }h átdcn DWP gcttmgza y meigimhzmbmhzm mw na patzm báw jieâgin jm ibpnmbmhzat( Mh }h mwpagic jm ztmw jibmhwichmw. wm mbpnmah pnahcw pata jiuijit naw gataw jm }h cdlmzc6 mh }h mwpagic jm jcw wm mbpnmah nâhmaw( Na wio}imhzm ibaomh in}wzta mn ptcgmwc jm patzigi÷h jm }h pcnâochc ittmo}nat mh }ha wmtim jm pcnâochcw gchum{cw( Jmwzagat g÷bc gaja pawc ptcj}gm pcnâochcw gch bmhcw wmobmhzcw kawza q}m wm nnmoa a E y O. q}m wch gchum{cw y hc hmgmwizah bayct patzigi÷h( Mh mwzm gawc mh patzig}nat. patzig}nat.     : na nâhma jm patzigi÷h wm ka zcbajc mbpnmahjc uétzigmw m{iwzmhzmw jmn pcnâochc y hc wm ihzmtwmggicha gch hiho}hc jm w}w wmobmhzcw( Wi na nâhma jm patzigi÷h wm ihzmtwmggicha gch }h GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

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]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

4=

wmobmhzc. c }ha gata mh }h bcjmnc ztijibmhwichan. mn#ncw wmobmhzc#w c gata#w zimhmh q}m wmt jiuijijaw mh jcw jajc q}m q }m gaja patzigi÷h jmdm wmt }h cdlmzc gcbpnmzc m ihjmpmhjimhzm( ihjmpmhjimhzm(

1( A mw na taâ| jmn átdcn y jm zcjc mn pcnâochc( 4( Wm jiuijm A mh D y G 7( Wm jiuijm D mh J y M( :( Wm jiuijm J mh E y O. q}m wch gchum{cw y wm gchuimtzmh mh kclaw jmn átdcn( Jajc q}m na }zinijaj jm }h átdcn DWP jmpmhjm jm g÷bc wm omhmt÷. }h d}mh anoctizbc ano ctizbc mw mwmhgian( Na bayctâa jm ncw anoctizbcw pt}mdah b}gkaw pcwidinijajmw pata gaja patzigi÷h kawza q}m wm mhg}mhzta }h tmw}nzajc nc w}eigimhzmbmhzm w}eigimhzmbmhzm d}mhc. y zabdiéh bahzimhmh na ihectbagi÷h hmgmwatia mh bmbctia pata pcjmt tmztcgmjmt mh gawc jm q}m }ha taba jmn átdcn hc wma waziweagzctia y ptcdat cztaw cpgichmw( Pct mwc omhmtat }h átdcn hmgmwiza b}gkc zimbpc jm gcbp}zagi÷h (



Átdcn q}m gcttmwpchjm a na DWP( Gaja kcla gcttmwpchjm a }ha gata jm an w}djiuiwi÷h eihan. y mn etaobmhzc q}m kay mh mwa gata wm anbagmha mh na kcla( Gaja hcjc ihzmthc     = gcttmwpchjm a }h anihma jiuiwctia. anbagmhaja mh mn hcjc

GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

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]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

45

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw

]hiumtwijaj Hagichan Bayct jm Wah Batgcw ‗  EIWI

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GCBP]ZAGICH OTAEIGA " Cg}nzabimhzc jm W}pmteigimw