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Settings for intermediate users
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Shooting Guide Book
First step to manual operations Selection of shooting modes Once you have become quite accustomed to camera operations, it is time to move on from automatic shooting to bring out your personality through your shots. It is a lot of fun to depart from Smart Auto or SCENE mode and use Aperture Priority Mode (A), Shutter Priority Mode (S), or Program Mode (P) where you can ad justt the jus the sett setting ingss as as you you desi desire. re.
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Convenient auto exposure Program (P) mode
Program (P) mode sets the optimal shutter speed and aperture automatically but the user can change the combination of aperture and shutter speed by using the jog dial on the top. However, the brightness stays the same as there is no dierence in the overall exposure level. If you want to change the exposure levels, then you must use the exposure compensation function. Let's take a look at how the aperture and shutter values in the LCD screen change by turning the jog dial on the top and try shooting. P mode F8 1/320s ISO100
For typical snap shots, program mode settings are not needed.
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Adjusting the lens aperture Aperture
The aperture acts like the iris in the pupil of a human eye. In dark places, the aperture opens up to provide more light to the image sensor, and closes to reduce light in bright places. The aperture is a tool that helps decide the EV along with shutter speed.
⇠
f1.4
f2
f2.8
f4
f5.6
f8
f11
f16
f22
F-Value The aperture is expressed through the f-value. The f-value is the focal distance of the lens divided by the eective aperture of the lens. For example, a focal distance of 50mm and eective aperaperture of 25mm yields an f-value of 2. In this way, a smaller aperture provides a greater f-value, and a larger aperture provides a smaller f-value.
f32
⇢
Settings for intermediate users
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Adjusting aperture to change in the amount of light Depending on the change of the aperture, the amount of light that passes through to the lens changes. The exposure amount of one level of aperture is 1EV. An increase in 1EV increases the amount of light to twice the amount, and a decrease of 1EV decreases the amount of light to half. Two levels yield a change of four times, and three levels yield a change of eight times in the amount of light. Depending on the camera, you can nely adjust the amount of light in units of ½ or ⅓ levels.
Wider aperture
Optimum exposure
Narrower aperture
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Scope of focus Depth of eld
Depth of eld Depth of eld refers to scope of vividness, proximal and distal, to the focal point. The scope of focus changes during shots due to numerous variables. Therefore, it is important for the user to ad justt the depth jus depth of of eld eld to shoot shoot a photo photo.. There There are three three method methodss of adjusting the depth of eld: aperture adjustment, lens selection, and change in shooting distance.
Aperture and depth of eld The more open the aperture aper ture value, the shallower the depth of eld becomes to obtain an out-of-focus eect that provides a naturally blurry photo. Conversely, Conversely, closing the aperture creates a the deeper depth of eld. Therefore, the entire screen becomes sharper.
Lens selection and depth of eld A telephoto lens with a long focal length makes the depth of eld shallower, whereas wide-angle lenses make the depth of eld deeper. The reason telephoto lenses are used for portrait photos is because the out-focus eect emphasizes emphasizes the portrait por trait in contrast to the background. On the other hand, wide-angle lenses are used for landscapes to provide deep perspective and vividness to photos.
Settings for intermediate users
A photo with a background organized through an open aperture.
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A landscape photo with deep perspective through a closed aperture.
Shooting distance and depth of eld Aperture adjustment and lens selection together with shooting distance between subject and camera greatly inuence depth of eld. A shorter shooting distance makes for a shallow depth of eld, whereas a longer distance makes for a deep depth of eld. A wide-angle lens can be used to receive an out-focus eect if shot at a close distance, and a telephoto lens can be used to shoot something far away and leave no out-focus eect.
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Manually adjusting the aperture through Aperture Priority (A) mode
Aperture Priority Mode lets the user manually set the aperture. It is a semi-automatic exposure mode that sets the correct shutter speed as needed based on your chosen aperture setting. This mode is used often to adjust the depth of eld based on the changes in the aperture. By opening the aperture, you can obtain an out-focus eect where the background becomes blurry, or you can tighten the aperture to create a pan focus eect where the screen becomes more vivid.
Warning for low shutter speed One thing to watch out for is that if the aperture is tightened too much, the amount of light decreases and the shutter speed slows down and this can lead to camera shake in low light environments. Therefore, it is important to check the change in shutter speed while adjusting the aperture. Preventing camera blur with shutter speed Normally, the shutter speed required to prevent a blurred photo varies depending on the focal length of the lens. The minimum shutter speed should not be less than 1/60 sec. As an example, example, the minimum shutter speed for a 100mm lens is 1/100 sec and the minimum shutter speed for a 200mm lens is over 1/200 sec to prevent blurring.
Settings for intermediate users
Far background
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Close background
A photo taken at F1.4 using an 85mm lens. In order to make the depth of field shal low, it is effective to put the background far away.
Far
Close
In order to make the depth of field shallow, it is effective to approach close to the subject and place the background far away.
Adjusting depth of field
Tip
� The more open the aperture, the shallower the depth of field. It becomes tighter and deeper. � A telephoto makes the depth of field shallower, whereas a wide-angle lens makes it deeper. � The closer the shooting distance, the shallower the depth of field. It becomes further and deeper.
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Exposure level
+1EV
Determining exposure time Determining with shutter speed
-1EV
1/2s
1/4s
1/8s
1/15s
1/30s
Shutter speed
The shutter of the camera opens and closes in front of the image sensor and adjusts the amount of light according to the time that the sensor is exposed to light. Some shutters operate mechanically, physically opening and shutting, and some work electronically.. Shutter speed also aects how the motion of a moving subject is conveyed tronically together with a change in the amount of light.
Adjusting shutter speed and change in the amount of light The shutter adjusts the amount of light along with the aperture. In terms of the human eye, it is like the eye lid. The shutter adjusts the amount of light by the speed of opening and closing. Fast shutter speeds are faster than 1/250 of a second, whereas shutter speeds slower than 1/30 of a second are considered slow shutter speeds. Similar to the aperture, one level of adjustment is equivalent to two times the change in the amount of light.
Adjusting the shutter speed to convey motion Shutter speed also aects how the motion of a moving subject is conveyed. When shooting with a slow shutter speed, there th ere is no dierence in the background. However, However, fast moving subjects are shown as if they are owing. On the other hand, fast shutter speeds can capture quickly moving objects and scenes that are even dicult to catch with the human eye, freezing them in time.
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Manually adjusting the shutter speed through Shutter Priority (S) mode
S mode F20 1/10s ISO100
S mode automatically sets the aperture with the optimum exposure based on manual shutter speed settings by the user. It is more eective than depth of eld by providing stable shutter speed adjustment to prevent blur or to express the dynamics of a moving subject. One thing to watch out for is that a fast shutter speed in situations with low light, such as cloudy days or indoors situations. In these cases, it may not be possible to get the sensor enough light, even with a wide open aperture. In this case, it may not be the right EV. In this type of situation, a warning display is shown. You must lower the shutshut ter speed little by little to set the right EV. Bulb Shutter
Tip
A bulb shutter refers to leaving the shutter open for long period of time while pressing the shutter button. It is used for situations where long exposures are needed, such as night shots.
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Manually adjusting the aperture and shutter speed through Manual (M) mode
M mode is a shooting mode that requires the user to manually set both the shutter speed and aperture. aper ture. In this mode, exposure compensation has no meaning and does not function. You must look at the exposure meter to set and adjust the EV manually. It may be a hassle to adjust the aperture and shutter speed for every shot, but the advantage is that the optimum exposure value can be freely adjusted. It is a good idea for beginners to practice with M mode to learn the concept of exposure. When using exposure within ±3EV of optimum exposure as measured by the camera, there is no need to use M mode. This is because the exposure compensation in the aperture priority and shutter priority modes can provide the same eect as M mode. In cases where the values of the exposure meter are meaningless, such as night shots or when you do not need to shoot photos that escape the range of ±3EV, then M mode is not necessary.
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Adjust the correct brightness for photos with optimum exposure adjustment
Depending on the settings of shooting mode, the screen display may be dierent. ⇠
Shutter speed Aperture
A red mark on the exposure status shown in the (-) direction means not enough exposure and in the (+) direction means too much exposure.
To adjust with M mode, you must follow the exposure meter display shown at the bottom of the screen. When you adjust the shutter and aperture, the exposure meter moves left (-) and right (+). The exposure display must be placed at (0) for optimum exposure based on the exposure meter. Going towards the right (+) refers to overexposure, and going toto wards the left (-) refers to a state of underexposure. If you want +1 overexposure, then you can adjust the direction to (1).
