NTP.fraguado Del Concreto Word

Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Urbanismo Ingeniería Civil 

Fraguado del concreto: Actividad  constructiva en esta etapa. Curso:

Tecnología del concreto

Docente:

Mondragón Castañeda Carlos Ernesto

Estudiantes:

Orlando Adrianzen Flores Cabrera Alcántara Anthony Castillo Piscoya, Gsta!o Cosar "oto Fran# Cyan $arboza, Ed%in Peralta Panta, &orge

Aula:

'()

Año académico:

*(+-.

Pi/entel *(+

ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................3 FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO............................................................................4 FALSO FRAGUADO.............................................................................................5 TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO.......................................................5 LOS FACTORES FACTORES QUE MÁS INCIDEN EN LOS TIEMPOS DE FRAGUADO:. FRAGUADO:. 6 DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL Y FINAL DEL CEMENTO:........................................................................................................7 NORMAS:................................................................................................7 OBJETIVOS:...........................................................................................7 DISCUSIÓN TEÓRICA:........................................................................... LA AGUJA DE VICAT........................................................................................! LAS AGUJAS GILLMORE..............................................................................."# USO DEL APARA APARATO TO DE VICAT............................................................... VICAT............................................................... ......."$ ....... "$ % MATE MATERIAL: RIAL:...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ..................."$ ............"$ % EQUIPO:.... EQUIPO:.......... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............."$ ......."$ PROCEDIMIENTO:..............................................................................."$ DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL......................."4 INICIAL.................... ..."4 DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO FINAL........................."5  ACTIVIDAD CONSTRUCTIVA CONSTRUCTIVA EN LA ETAPA ETAPA DE FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO......................................................................................................."7  A&'() *( +, -%+%-,-/& -%+%-,-/& *( -%&-0('%:............................................ ................... ......... .......... "7 D10,&'( +, -%+%-,-/& *(+ -%&-0('% (& +,) -20,):........................................" D()1) *( ,(0 -%+%-,*% (+ -%&-0('% (& +,) -20,):..............................."! PROTECCIÓN DEL CONCRETO RECIN ACABADO.................................."! BOBLIOGRAF8A.................................................................................................$" 

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INTRODUCCIÓN E+ 90,1,*% )( *(9&( -%2%: L, -%&*-/& ,+-,&;,*, %0 1&, ,)', -(2(&'-%< 2%0'(0% 1 %02/& =1( , (0**% +,)'-*,* ,)', 1& &>(+ ,0'0,0%< (&(0,+2(&'( 2(**% (& '02&%) *( +, 0())'(&-, , + , (&('0,-/&? 90,1,*% &-,+ )( 0(9(0( , +, 02(0, 0*;,-/&? 90,1,*% 9&,+ )( 0(9(0( , 1&, 0*(; )&9-,'>,? ',2&< *(9%02,-/& 0(2,&(&'( +1(% *( 0('0,*, +, '(&)/&. E+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% () 1& (0%*% (& (+ -1,+ 2(*,&'( 0(,--%&() =1@2-,) *(+ -(2(&'%  (+ ,1, -%&*1-(& , 1& 0%-()%< =1( 2(*,&'( *9(0(&'() >(+%-*,*() *( 0(,--/&< (&(0,& -,+%0  *,& %0(& , &1(>%) -%21()'%)< ()'%) (& +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% (&(0,& =1( ()'( (&*10(;-,  ,+1'&( ,+ ,0(,*% *( +, 2(;-+, *( %02/&<  )( %&, 91(0'(  *(&)%< ,*=10(&*% *( ()'( 2%*% 1&, -(0', 0())'(&-,< ()'( '(2% () *( )12, 2%0',&-, *(*% , =1( &%) (02'( -%+%-,0  ,-,,0 (+ %02/&. T@-,2(&'(< (+ 90,1,*% &-,+ %-100( (&'0( *%)  -1,'0% %0,) *()1) *(+ %02%&,*%<  &%) *(9&( (+ +@2'( *( 2,&(%< % )(, (+ '(2% %0 (+ -1,+ (+ %02/& 90()-% , &% 1(*( )(0 2(;-+,*% ,*(-1,*,2(&'(< -%+%-,*%  -%2,-',*%< (+ 90,1,*% 9&,+ %-100( (&'0( -1,'0%  %-% %0,) *()1) *(+ %02%&,*%<  ()' *(9&*% %0 (+ *(),00%++% *( +, 0())'(&-,< =1( )( (&(0, -%& 0,& >(+%-*,*. E+ 90,1,*% &-,+  (+ 90,1,*% 9&,+ )( *('(02&,& ,0'0,0,2(&'( %0 (+ (&),% *( 0())'(&-, , +, (&('0,-/&. E+ 90,1,*% &-,+ &*-, (+ 2%2(&'% (& (+ =1( +, 2,), , ,*=10*% ',&', 0*(; =1( &% 1(*( )(0 >0,*% )& *,,0 )1 ()'01-'10, &'(0&,. P%0 +% ',&'%< (+ -%&%-2(&'% *(+ -%2%0',2(&'% *( 90,1,*% *(+ %02/& () ()(&-,+< ,0, +,&(,0 +%) '(2%) *( ,-,,*% *( 1& ,>2(&'%. E& +, ((-1-/& *( +, -%&'0,--/& *( +%) ,>2(&'%) *( %02/& (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ %02/& ,*=1(0( 0,& 2%0',&-,. E+ ,)(00,*% )( *(( -%%0*&,0 -%& (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ %02/&. S( *(( (2(;,0 ',& 0%&'% -%2% (+ %02/& ,, (&*10(-*% ,0, 0(>(&0 =1( +%) ,0(,*%) )( *()+,-(& %0 +, )(00, &%02,+2(&'( (&'0( 4  "$ %0,) *()1) *(+ (&*10(-*% (+ %02/&. L%) 0&-,+() 9,-'%0() , '(&(0 (& -1(&', )%& '(2(0,'10,-+2,< 0(+,-/& ,1,H2,'(0,+() -(2(&'-%) ,2-< -%&'(&*% *( -(2(&'%,*-%&()< '% *( -(2(&'%< ,*'>%) =1@2-%)< '(2% *( ,*-/& *( +%) ,*' >%)< 2(;-+,*%.

FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO  A+ 2(;-+,0 (+ -(2(&'% -%& (+ ,1,< )( 9%02, 1&, ,)', (& ()',*% +)'-%< (& (+ -1,+ +, ,)', () '0,,,+(  2%+*(,+(< *()1) *( 1& '(2% =1( *((&*( *( +, -%2%)-/& =1@2-, *(+ -(2(&'%< +, ,)', ,*=1(0( 0*(;? () -%&>(&(&'( *)'&10 (&'0( (+ 90,1,*%  (+ (&*10(-2(&'%< 1() ()'( +'2% )( 0(9(0( , 0())'(&-, *( 1&, ,)', 90,1,*,. E+ '(2% =1( '0,&)-100( *()*( (+ 2%2(&'% =1( )( ,0(, (+ ,1,< ,)', =1( +, ,)', (0*( >)-%)*,*  (+(>, )1 '(2(0,'10, )( *(&%2&, '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+K< ( &*-, =1( +, 3

,)', ()', )(2*10,  ,0-,+2(&'( *0,',*,. P%)'(0%02(&'( +, ,)', )1( (&*10(-(&*% ,)', =1( *(, *( )(0 *(9%02,+( -%& -,0,) 0(+,'>,2(&'( (=1(,)< )( >1(+>( 0@*,  ++(, ,+ 2@&2% *( '(2(0,'10,? (+ '(2% '0,)-100*% *()*( =1( )( (-, (+ ,1, ,)', =1( ++(, ,+ ()',*% *()-0'% ,&'(0%02(&'( )( *(&%2&, '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+K< ( &*-, =1( (+ -(2(&'% )( (&-1(&'0, ,& 2) *0,',*% &% '%',+2(&'(  +, ,)', , ()', *10,. A ,0'0  *( ()'( 2%2(&'% (2(;, (+ 0%-()% *( (&*10(-2(&'%  +, ,)', , 90,1,*, >, ,*=10(&*% 0())'(&-,. L, *('(02&,-/& *( +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% () ,0'0,0,  *, 1&, *(, *(+ '(2% *)%&+( ,0, 2(;-+,0< '0,)%0',0< -%+%-,0< >0,0  ,)%&,0 +%) -%&-0('%)  2%0'(0%) *( 1&, %0, ,)@ -%2% (+ '(2% &(-(),0% ,0, '0,&)',0 )%0( (++%)  (+ '(2% ,0, (2(;,0 (+ -10,*%. L, 2(**, *( +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% )( ,-( (& (+ +,%0,'%0% )1(&*% +%) 2'%*%) *( +, &%02, ICONTEC "#! 2(*,&'( +,) ,1,) *( G++2%0(  +, &%02, ICONTEC"" 2(*,&'( (+ ,,0,'% *( V-,'. E& 0()12(&< 1(*( *(9&0)( -%2% '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( 1&, 2(;-+, *('(02&,*,< (+ +,)% &(-(),0% ,0, =1( +, 2(;-+, ,)( *(+ ()',*% 9+1*% ,+ )/+*%. A)@ *(9&*%< (+ 90,1,*% &% () )&% 1&, ,0'( *(+ 0%-()% *( (&*10(-2(&'%. E) &(-(),0% -%+%-,0 +, 2(;-+, (& +%) 2%+*() ,&'() *( =1( &-( (+ 90,1,*%  *( 0(9(0(&-, *(&'0% *( +%) 02(0%) 3# 2&1'%) *( 9,0-,*,. C1,&*% )( 0()(&',& 0%+(2,) ()(-,+() =1( *(2,&*,& 1& '(2% ,*-%&,+ ,0, (+ '0,&)%0'( *(+ -%&-0('% *( +, 90-, , +, %0,< )( 0(-100( ,+ 1)% *( 0(',0*,&'()K *(+ 90,1,*%< -%21()'%) *( ()% % *( ,&@*0*% )1+90-%? *( 1,+ 2,&(0,< 1(*( ,-(+(0,0)( (+ 90,1,*% -%& +, ,*-/& *( )1)',&-,) ,+-,+&,) % ),+() -%2% (+ -+%010% *( -,+-%.

FALSO FRAGUADO C%& ()'( &%20( )( -%&%-( ,+ (&*10(-2(&'% 0(2,'10%  ,&%02,+ *(+ -(2(&'%< =1( )( 0()(&', *(&'0% *( +%) 02(0%) 2&1'%) =1( )1( , +, ,*-/& *(+ ,1,  *9(0( *(+ 90,1,*% 0(+2,% %0=1( &% 0()(&', *()0(&*2(&'% *( -,+%0? ,*(2)< ,+ >%+>(0 , 2(;-+,0 +, ,)', )& ,0(,0+( ,1, )( 0()',+(-( +, +,)'-*,*  90,1, &%02,+2(&'( )& 0**, *( 0())'(&-,.

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E)'( 9(&/2(&% )( *(( , +,) '(2(0,'10,) ,+',) 2,%0() *( "##C (& +, 2%+(&*,< =1( %-,)%&,& *()*0,',-/& ,0-,+ % '%',+ *(+ 0(',0*,*%0 =1( () (+ ()%. S +, %(0,-/& *( 9,+)% 90,1,*% )( 0()(&', (& +, 2(;-+,*, *(+ -%&-0('%< )( *(( 0%+%&,0 (+ '(2% *( 2(;-+,*%  &% *(( ,0(,0)( 2) ,1,< %0=1( )( ,+'(0, +, 0(+,-/& ,1,H-(2(&'%.

TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO S12&)'0,0 (+(2(&'%) -%&)'01-'>%) -%& 0())'(&-,) 2(-&-,) 2@&2,) , (*,*() '(20,&,)< ,)@ -%2% (& (0@%*%) +,0%) *( '(2%  1&, *10,+*,* /'2,< *( ',+ 2%*% =1( ,)(10( (+ 1(& -%2%0',2(&'% *( +%) 2%0'(0%)  %02%&(). D( ,=1@ =1( )(, &(-(),0% '(&(0 1& -%&%-2(&'% *(+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%< (&'0( %'0,) >,0,+()< *( +%) -(2(&'%) < *( 1& 2%*% ()(-,+< *(+ -%00()%&*(&'( ,+ 0&-% *(+ 90,1,*%. L, *('(02&,-/& *(+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( +%) -(2(&'%) )( 0(,+;,< 0-'-,2(&'(< (& '%*% (+ 21&*% %0 (+ 2'%*% *( V-,'  (+ 2'%*% *( +,) A1,) *( G++2%0(< %0 2(*% *(+ -1,+ )( 2*( +, 0())'(&-, =1( ((0-( 1&, ,)', *( -(2(&'% , +% +,0% *(+ '(2%< ,2,),*, )%+,2(&'( -%& ,1,< , +, (&('0,-/& *( 1&, ,1, 2('+-,< *( 9%02, -+@&*0-,< =1( '(&( 1&, )(--/& *( " 22  1&, 2,), *( 3##  " .

L, 2,%0@, *( -%&-0('%) 90,1,& %0 -%2+('% , +%) $ *@,) )& &(-()*,* *( ,,*0 ,+& ,*'>%< (0% -%& ,+& ,*'>% -%2% (+ ,-(+(0,0'( *( 90,1, ()'( 5

0%-()% *( 90,1,*% *10, *( (&'0( 3 , "4 *@,)? +% 2)2% =1( >, 0(+,-%&,*, -%& (+ ,12(&'% *( +, 0())'(&-,.

LOS FACTORES QUE MÁS INCIDEN EN LOS TIEMPOS DE FRAGUADO: C%2%)-/& =1@2-, *(+ -(2(&'%. F&10, *(+ -(2(&'%? (&'0( 2) 9&% )(,< () 2,%0 +, >(+%-*,* *( *0,',-/&. M(&'0,) 2,%0 )(, +, -,&'*,* *( ,1, *( ,2,),*%< *(&'0% *( -(0'%) +@2'()< 2) 0*% () (+ 90,1,*%.  A 2(&%0 '(2(0,'10, ,2(&'(< +,) 0(,--%&() *( *0,',-/& )%& 2) +(&',). U&, 0(+,-/& ,- 2) ,, 0(*1-( (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%. E+ ,12(&'% *(+ -%&'(&*% *( -(2(&'% 0(*1-( (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%. L%) ,*'>%) ,-(+(0,*%0()  0(',0*,*%0() )( 1'+;,& *(+(0,*,2(&'( ,0, -%&'0%+,0 (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%. L, )%0(*%)) *( ,+1&%) 0(*1-'%0() *( ,1, 1(*( *,0 +1,0 ,+ 0('0,)% *(+ 90,1,*%. L, ,*-/& 0('0,),*, *( ,+1&%) 0(*1-'%0() *( ,1, 1(*( (>',0 +, 0*;,-/& '(20,&, % (+ 0('0,)%. L, 2(%0, *(+ 2(;-+,*% &9+1(&-, +, *0,',-/& 2(%0,&*% +, %2%(&(*,*  +, *)(0)/& *( +%) 0(,-'>%) < ,)@< ',2& ,-(+(0, (+ 90,1,*%.

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DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL Y FINAL DEL CEMENTO: 

NORMAS: 

 ASTM C "!"H#": S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 T2( %9 S(''& %9 *0,1+- C(2(&'  V-,' N((*+(K M'%*% ()'&*,0  *( (&),% ,0, '(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-% %0 ,1, *( V-,'.



 ASTM C $66H!!: S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 T2( %9 S(''& %9 *0,1+- C(2(&' ,)'(  G++2%0( N((*+()K M'%*% ()'&*,0 *( (&),% ,0, '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( ,)', *( -(2(&'% *01+-% %0 ,1,) *( G++2%0(.



 ASTM C "7H!: S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 N%02,+ C%&))'(&- %9 *0,1+- C(2(&'K M'%*% ()'&*,0 *( (&),% ,0, -%&))'(&-, &%02,+ *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-%.



 ASTM C 3#5H!!: S',&*,0* P0,-'-( 9%0 M(-,&-,+ M& %9 *0,1+- C(2(&' P,)'() ,&* M%0',0) %9 P+,)'- C%&))'(&-K P0-'-, ()'&*,0 ,0, 2(;-+,*% 2(-&-% *( ,)',) *( -(2(&'% *01+-%  2%0'(0%) *( -%&))'(&-, +)'-,.

OBJETIVOS: 

, C%&%-(0 (+ 0%-(*2(&'% =1( )( 1'+;, ,0, *('(02&,0 (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+  9&,+ *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-% %0 2(*% *( +, ,1, *( V-,'.



  I&'0%*1-0 ,+ ()'1*,&'( )%0( (+ 0%-(*2(&'% =1( )( 1'+;, ,0, *('(02&,0 +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &-,+  9&,+ (& ,)',) *( -(2(&'% %0 2(*% *( +,) ,1,) *( G++2%0(.



- C%&%-(0 ,+1&,) ()(-9-,-%&() ASTM ,0, *9(0(&'() '%) *( -(2(&'%< (& -1,&'% , '(2%) *( 90,1,*%.

7

DISCUSIÓN TEÓRICA: B,),*% (& D)(%  -%&'0%+ *( 2(;-+,) *( -%&-0('%< S'(>(& . %)2,',  ++,2 C. P,&,0()(< I&)''1'% M(-,&% *(+ C(2(&'%  *(+ C%&-0('%< "!!$.  *( '':.,0=).-%2-%&)'01--%&-%&-0('%H 90,1,*%.'2+< ,0+ $##7. C1,&*% (+ -(2(&'%  (+ ,1, (&'0,& (& -%&',-'%< )( &-, 1&, 0(,--/& =1@2-, (%'02-, =1( *('(02&, (+ ,1+,'&% (&*10(-2(&'% *( +, 2(;-+,. D(&'0% *(+ 0%-()% (&(0,+ *( (&*10(-2(&'% )( 0()(&', 1& ()',*% (& =1( +, 2(;-+, (0*( ,0(-,+(2(&'( )1 +,)'-*,*  )( >1(+>( *9@-+ *( 2,&(,0? ',+ ()',*% -%00()%&*( ,+ 90,1,*% &-,+ *( +, 2(;-+,. A 2(**, =1( )( 0%*1-( (+ (&*10(-2(&'% &%02,+ *( +, 2(;-+,< )( 0()(&', 1& &1(>% ()',*% (& (+ -1,+ +, -%&))'(&-, , ,+-,&;,*% 1& >,+%0 21 ,0(-,+(? ()'( ()',*% )( *(&%2&, 90,1,*% 9&,+. L, *('(02&,-/& *( ()'%) *%) ()',*%)< -1% +,)% -%20(&**% (&'0( ,2%) )( ++,2, '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( +, 2(;-+,< () 21 %-% 0(-),  )/+% *(( '%2,0)( , '@'1+% *( 1@, -%2,0,'>,. E+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+ () (+ 2)2% ,0, +%) -&-% '%) *( -(2(&'% (&1&-,*%) (& +, &%02, ASTM CH"5#  ,+-,&;, 1& >,+%0 (&'0( 45 , 6# 2&1'%)? (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+ )( ()'2, (& "# %0,) ,0%2,*,2(&'(. E& 0()12(&< 1(*( *(9&0)( -%2% '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( 1&, 2(;-+, *('(02&,*,< (+ +,)% &(-(),0% ,0, =1( +, 2(;-+, ,)( *(+ ()',*% 9+1*% ,+ )/+*%. A)@ *(9&*%< (+ 90,1,*% &% () )&% 1&, ,0'( *(+ 0%-()% *( (&*10(-2(&'%. E) &(-(),0% -%+%-,0 +, 2(;-+, (& +%) 2%+*() ,&'() *( =1( &-( (+ 90,1,*%  *( 0(9(0(&-, *(&'0% *( +%) 02(0%) 3# 2&1'%) *( 9,0-,*,. C1,&*% )( 0()(&',& 0%+(2,) ()(-,+() =1( *(2,&*,& 1& '(2% ,*-%&,+ ,0, (+ '0,&)%0'( *(+ -%&-0('% *( +, 90-, , +, %0,< )( 0(-100( ,+ 1)% *( ,*'>%) =1@2-%) 0(',0*,&'()K *(+ 90,1,*%< *( 1,+ 2,&(0,< 1(*( ,-(+(0,0)( (+ 90,1,*% -%& +, ,*-/& *( )1)',&-,) ,+-,+&,) % ),+() -%2% (+ -+%010% *( -,+-%. E+ 90,1,*% &-,+ *( +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% &% *(( %-1000 *(2,),*% 0%&'%< ,)@ -%2% ',2%-% *(( %-1000 *(2,),*% ',0*( (+ 90,1,*% 9&,+. L%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &*-,& ) +, ,)', ()' *(),00%++,&*% )1) 0(,--%&() *( *0,',-/& *( 2,&(0, &%02,+. E+ ()%< &-+1*% *(&'0% *(+ -(2(&'%< 0(1+, (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%< (0% ',2& &9+1( +, 9&10, *(+ -(2(&'%< +, 0(+,-/& ,1,-(2(&'%  +%) ,*'>%) 1),*%). L%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% *( +%) -%&-0('% &% ()'& 0(+,-%&,*%) *0(-',2(&'( -%& +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% *( +,) ,)',) *(*% , +, 0**, *( ,1, (& (+ ,0( (>,%0,-/& % (& +%) +(-%) *(*% , +,) *9(0(&-,) *( '(2(0,'10, (& +, %0, (& -%&'0,)'( -%& +, '(2(0,'10, -%&'0%+,*, =1( ()'( (& (+ +,%0,'%0%.

8

P,0, *('(02&,0 +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &-,+  9&,+ *( 1& *('(02&,*% '% *( -(2(&'%< )( 1'+;,& $ ,,0,'%) =1( )%&:  

L, ,1, *( V-,'. L,) ,1,) G++2%0(.

LA AGUJA DE VICAT E& ()'( 2'%*% )( 1'+;, (+ ,,0,'% *( V-,' =1( )( 1'+;/ (& +, *('(02&,-/& *( +, -%&))'(&-, &%02,+< -%& +, *9(0(&-, *( =1( (& (+ ('0(2% &9(0%0< (& +1,0 *(+ 2%+%< )( -%+%-, 1&, ,1, *( " 22 *( *2('0%. E+ 0%-(*2(&'% 0()12*% () =1( 02(0% )( (+,%0, 1&, ,)', -%& (+ -%&'(&*% *( 12(*,* *('(02&,*% (& +, 01(, *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+< =1( )(  &'0%*1-( (& 1& 2%+*( '0%&-% -/&-% *( *2(&)%&() ()'&*,0< (& -1, ,0'( )1(0%0 )( -%+%-, +, ,1, *( " 22 *( *2('0%< (+ -1,+ )%%0', 1& 2%+% -%& 1&, 2,), *( 3##   )( *(, =1( (&('0( (& +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% %0 )1 0%% ()% *10,&'( 1& +,)% *( 3# ). L, 02(0, +(-'10, )( 0(,+;, (& 3# 2&1'%) +1(% =1( )( 2%+*(, )& )(0 ,+'(0,*, (& 1& -1,0'% *( -10,*%  +1(% )( 0(,+;,& +(-'10,) , &'(0>,+%) *( "5 2&1'%) ,)', =1( )( %'(&, 1&, (&('0,-/& *( $5 22 % 2(&%0. C%& ()', )(0( *( *,'%) )( *('(02&, %0 &'(0%+,-/& (+ '(2% -%00()%&*(&'( , 1&, (&('0,-/& *( $5 22  )'( )(0 (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+ *(+ -(2(&'%. P%)'(0%02(&'( )( 0(,+;,& (&('0,-%&() ,)', *('(02&,0 (+ 02(0

&)',&'( (& (+ -1,+ +, ,1, &% *(, 1(++, >)+( (& +, ,)', (&*10(-*, *( -(2(&'%<  )( 0()'0, -%2% (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+. 9

N%',: ()'(& $ 2'%*%) *(&%2&,*%) A  B: (+ 2'%*% A () ,0, 1& ,,0,'% *( ,1, *( V-,' =1( () %(0,*% 2,&1,+2(&'(  (+ 2'%*% B 1'+;, 1& ,,0,'% *( V-,' M(-,&;,*%.

LAS AGUJAS GILLMORE E& ()'( 2'%*% )( (+,%0, 1&, ,)'++, *(+,*, *( *2('0% ()(-9-,*%  )( -%+%-, (& (+ ,,0,'% *( G++2%0( (+ -1,+ -%&)', *( $ ,1,) -%& *9(0(&'( 2,),.

P,0, *('(02&,0 (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+< )( -%+%-, +, 2,)++, *( ,)', -(2(&'% ,% +, ,--/& *(+ ()% *( +, ,1, &-,+  )( ,&%', (+ '(2% 0(=1(0*% ,0, (+ 02(0 2%2(&'% (& =1( , ,1, )( )%)'(&, )& ,0(-,+( *(&',-/&. D( )2+,0 2,&(0, )( *('(02&, (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+< )1)''1(&*% +, ,1, %0 +, ,1, ,0, 90,1,*% 9&,+ ,)', *('(02&,0 (+ '(2% (& =1( &% ()', *(&',-/& ,0(-,+(. D((&*(&*% (+ '% *( -(2(&'% )( ()',+(-(& *>(0),) ()(-9-,-%&() ,0, '(2%) *( 90,1,*% -%2% 1(*( %)(0>,0)( (& +, ',+,:

Tipo de cemento

Norma ASTM

Aparato

Tiempo mnimo de !ra"#ado

Tiempo m$%imo de !ra"#ado

Cemento de mampostería Cemento Portland

C 91-03

Gillmore

90 y 120 min

1440 min

C 150-02

Gillmore

60 min

600 min

10

Cemento hidr!li"o me#"lado Cemento hidr!li"o me#"lado

C 595-03

$i"at

45 min

7 horas

C 1157-02

$i"at

45 min

420 min

11

USO DEL A&ARATO DE VICAT MATERIAL ' E(UI&O: o

  o

           

MATERIAL: Cemento P%rtland& '(!a destilada )1000 ml*&

E(UI&O: +alan#a de 0&1 ( de pre"isi%n "on ,!e(o de pesas& Proeta de 250 ml de "apa"idad& Con,!nto de aparato de $i"at "on a(!,a de 1 mm de dimetro& Pla"a de .idrio&  /erm%metro "on es"ala en (rados "entí(rados& Par de (!antes de h!le& e#"lador de pasta de "emento se(n espe"i"a '/ C 305& Charola& spt!la plana pe!ea& nrasador de metal o llana& Gainete para "!rado o "!arto hmedo& Cron%metro& ielo )lo propor"iona el est!diante*&

&ROCEDIMIENTO: o

o

Temperatura y ume!a!: L, '(2(0,'10, *(+ ,0( (& +, >(-&*,* *(+ (=1% *( 2(;-+,*%< -(2(&'% )(-%< 2%+*(  +,-, ,)( *((0 2,&'(&(0)( (&'0( $#  $7.5C. L, '(2(0,'10, *(+ ,1, *( 2(;-+,*%  (+ ,&('( 2(*% % -1,0'% 2(*% &% *((0) >,0,0 *( $3".7C. L, 12(*,* 0(+,'>, *(+ +,%0,'%0% &% *((0 )(0 2(&%0 *( 5#W. E+ ,&('( 2(*% % -1,0'% 2(*% *((0 -%&)'010)( *( ',+ 2,&(0, =1( (02', 9,-+*,*() *( ,+2,-(&,2(&'% ,0, ()(-@2(&() *( (&),% , 1&, 12(*,* 0(+,'>, *( &% 2(&%) *(+ !#W. Me"#$a!% !e $a Pa&ta !e Ceme't%: E+,%0,0 1&, ,)', *( -(2(&'% -%& 65#  *( -(2(&'%? )(& (+ 0%-(*2(&'% *( 2(;-+,*% *( ,)',) 0(,+;,*% (& +, 0-'-, *( *('(02&,-/& *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+ *(+ -(2(&'%  -%& +,

12

-,&'*,* *( ,1, =1( )( *('(02&/ (& (), 0-'-, ,0, 0(0%*1-0 (), -%&*-/& *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+.

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C%$%#a#()' !e $a Pa&ta e' M%$!e !e Aparat% !e *(#at: I&2(*,',2(&'( +1(% *()1) *( +, 9&,+;,-/& *(+ 2(;-+,*%< 2%+*(,0 (+ ()-2(& *( 01(, ,-(&*% 1&, %+, -%& +%) 1,&'() *( 1+(< ,)&*%+, )() >(-() *( 1&, 2,&% , %'0,< 2,&'(&(&*% +,) 2,&%) ,,0',*, (& 6K

,0%2,*,2(&'(. S%)'(&(0 +, %+,< *()-,&),&*% (& +, ,+2, *( +, 2,&% ( &'0%*1-0+, *(&'0% *(+ ('0(2% 2,%0 *(+ ,&++% '0%&-%-/&-% G  ++(&,0+% -%& +, ,)', ,)', =1( )%0(),+, (& (+ %'0% ('0(2%. R(2%>(0 (+ (-()% (& (+ ('0(2% 2,%0 %0 1& )%+% 2%>2(&'% *( +, ,+2, *( +, 2,&%.

13



C%+%-,0 (+ 2%+*( '0%&-%-/&-% -%& )1 ('0(2% 2,%0 (& 1&, +,-, *( >*0%   -%0',0 (+ (-()% *( ,)', (& +, ,0'( )1(0%0 *(+ ('0(2% 2(&%0 %0 1&, )%+, ,),*, *( 1&, ++,&, *( %0*( 0(-'% )%)'(&*% , 1& +(0% &1+% -%& +, ,0'( )1(0%0 *(+ 2%+*( '0%&-%-/&-%.



S1,>;,0 +, )1(09-( *(+ ()-2(& ) () &(-(),0% -%& 1&% % *%) '%=1() +(0%) *(+ %0*( *( +, ++,&,. D10,&'( +, %(0,-/& *( -%0'(  ,+),*%< '%2,0 (+ -1*,*% *( &% *( &% -%2020 +, ,)',.



I&2(*,',2(&'( *()1) *(+ 2%+*(,*%< -%+%-,0 (+ ()-2(& *( 01(,  +, +,-, *( >*0% (& 1& ,&('( 2(*% % (& 1& -1,0'% 2(*%  *(,0+% 0(%),0 ,)', =1( +,) *('(02&,-%&() *( (&('0,-/& )( 0(,+-(&.

DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEM&O DE )RAGUADO INICIAL •

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