Motorized Gyroscope Apparatus 1

GYROSCOPE

The gyroscope was invented in 1852 by the French experimental physicist Leon Foucault (181918!8" as part o# a twopronged investigation o# the rotation o# the earth$ The better %nown demonstration o# the Foucault pendulum showed that the plane o# rotation o# a #reely swinging pendulum rotated with a period that depends on the latitude o# its location$ &is gyroscope was a rapidly rotating dis% with a heavy rim' mounted in low#riction gimbals$ s the earth rotated beneath the gyroscope' it would maintain its orientation in space$ This  proved to be hard to do in practice because the #rictional #orces bring the spinning system to rest be#ore the e##ect could be observed$ The gimbal bearings also introduce unwanted tor)ue$ *ut' the principle is well%nown to all children who move their toy gyroscopes about and observe that the spinning dis% stays in the same orientation$  gyroscope is a device #or measuring or maintaining orientation' based on the principles o#  angular momentum$ +echanical gyroscopes typically comprise a spinning wheel or disc in which the axle is #ree to assume any orientation$ lthough the orientation o# the spin axis changes in response to an external tor)ue' the amount o# change and the direction o# the change is less and in a di##erent direction than it would be i# the dis% were not spinning$ ,hen mounted in a gimbal (which minimi-es external tor)ue"' the orientation o# the spin axis remains nearly #ixed' regardless o# the mounting plat#orm.s motion$/citation needed0 yroscopes based on other operating principles also exist' such as the electronic' microchip  pac%aged ++3 gyroscope devices #ound in consumer electronic devices' solidstate ring lasers' lasers' #ibre #ibre optic optic gyrosc gyroscope opes' s' and the extrem extremely ely sensiti sensitive ve )uantu )uantum m gyros gyroscop cope$/ e$/cita citatio tion n needed0 pplications o# gyroscopes include inertial navigation systems where magnetic compasses woul would d not not wor% wor% (as in the the &ubb &ubble le teles telesco cope pe"" or woul would d not not be preci precise se enou enough gh (as (as in interco interconti ntinen nental tal ballist ballistic ic missile missiles"' s"' or #or the stabilistabili-ati ation on o# #lying #lying vehicle vehicless li%e li%e radio radio controlled helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles$ 4ue to their precision' gyroscopes are also used in gyrotheodolites to maintain direction in tunnel mining$ Description and diagram :

,ithin mechanical systems or devices' a conventional gyroscope is a mechanism comprising a rotor ournaled to spin about one axis' the ournals o# the rotor being mounted in an inner  gimbal or ring6 the inner gimbal is ournaled #or oscillation in an outer gimbal #or a total o#  two gimbals$/citation needed0 The outer gimbal or ring' which is the gyroscope #rame' is mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane determined by the support$ This outer gimbal possesses one degree o#  rotational #reedom and its axis possesses none$ The next inner gimbal is mounted in the gyroscope #rame (outer gimbal" so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane that is always  perpendicular to the pivotal axis o# the gyroscope #rame (outer gimbal"$ This inner gimbal has two degrees o# rotational #reedom$

The axle o# the spinning wheel de#ines the spin axis$ The rotor is ournaled to spin about an axis' which is always perpendicular to the axis o# the inner gimbal$ 3o the rotor possesses three degrees o# rotational #reedom and its axis possesses two$ The wheel responds to a #orce applied about the input axis by a reaction #orce about the output axis$ The behaviour o# a gyroscope can be most easily appreciated by consideration o# the #ront wheel o# a bicycle$ 7# the wheel is leaned away #rom the vertical so that the top o# the wheel moves to the le#t' the #orward rim o# the wheel also turns to the le#t$ 7n other words' rotation on one axis o# the turning wheel produces rotation o# the third axis$  gyroscope #lywheel will roll or resist about the output axis depending upon whether the output gimbals are o# a #ree or #ixed con#iguration$ xamples o# some #reeoutputgimbal devices would be the attitude re#erence gyroscopes used to sense or measure the pitch' roll and yaw attitude angles in a spacecra#t or aircra#t$ The centre o# gravity o# the rotor can be in a #ixed position$ The rotor simultaneously spins about one axis and is capable o# oscillating about the two other axes' and' thus' except #or its inherent resistance due to rotor spin' it is #ree to turn in any direction about the #ixed point$ 3ome gyroscopes have mechanical e)uivalents substituted #or one or more o# the elements$ For example' the spinning rotor may be suspended in a #luid' instead o# being pivotally mounted in gimbals$  control moment gyroscope (+" is an example o# a #ixedoutput gimbal device that is used on spacecra#t to hold or maintain a desired attitude angle or   pointing direction using the gyroscopic resistance #orce$ 7n some special cases' the outer gimbal (or its e)uivalent" may be omitted so that the rotor has only two degrees o# #reedom$ 7n other cases' the centre o# gravity o# the rotor may be o##set #rom the axis o# oscillation' and' thus' the centre o# gravity o# the rotor and the centre o#  suspension o# the rotor may not coincide$

+T:7;4 <:3= ==:T>3 3=7F7T7?3@ The apparatus consists o# a rotor mounted in bearings$ This rotor is #ree to rotate about (i" 7ts own axis i$e$ axis o# spin$ (ii" xis o# precession$ (iii" xis o# gyroscopic couple  The rotor is connected to the variable speed motor$ The weight o# the motor is balanced by another weight' which is on either side o# the rotor$ *y putting weights on the weight  plat#orm tor)ue can be supplied to rotor' which is also called gyroscopic couple$  3peci#ications@ 1$ 2$ B$ C$ 5$

:otor dia$ 25Amm #ree about B axis o# rotation driven by variable speed motor$ 4immerstat to control the motor speed$ 3topwatch to measure the angular speed about the axis o# precession$ ,eights  A$2 %g' A$5 %g and 1 %g$  technical manual accompanies the unit$

Motor:

Permanent magnet (DC) Motor  RPM -4800 Horse power - 0.25 Single pase Motor  !or"#e - 4 $g-%m &eigt - 5$g 'oltage ariale

Material - Mil* Steel.

GYROSCOPE APPARATUS - DESIGN Gyroscope Apparats is designed sing CATIA so!t"are#