ET1
R1 := 4.8m Ohm R2 := 13.3m Ohm LS1 := 0.1726m H LS2 := 0.20222m H LM := 9.81m H
AM1
+
A
VM1 V ET2
AM2 A
A B C
+ ET3
VM2 V
AM3 A
AMPL := -3.2k Generator_torque
3~
M
J := 10.5 kg m% ASM_2 P := 2
Load
T0 := 1.2 s
T T0 := 1 s
GND
AMPL := 3.204k Load_torque
Electrical Machine Design Suite
Quick Introduction Ansoft offers the most complete solution to electrical machine design in the industry through its Electrical Machine Design Suite What is the Electrical Machine Design Suite? Æ Five combinable tools which assist engineers in designing and analyzing electrical machines Æ Integrates electromagnetic, circuit, and system engineering using a common desktop environment The Electrical Machine Design Suite includes: Æ RMxprt – for machine design Æ Maxwell 2D/3D – for finite element analysis Æ Optimetrics – for optimization Æ Simplorer – for system analysis Æ ePhysics – for thermal and stress analysis
Electrical Machine Design Suite RMxprt
14 types of motors/generators
FEA
FEA Optimetrics Maxwell 2D
Maxwell 3D
Equivalent circuits Co-simulation
SIMPLORER
ePhysics
Electric Machine Design Suite A Complete Solution for Modern Electric Machines and Drives Design
Design Requirements Size/Weight Efficiency Torque Speed Cogging/Ripple Inverter Matching Thermal Stress Manufacturability Cost
Transient Analysis using FEA Parametric Analysis Simultaneous Equations:
Magnetostatic/Eddy Current Analysis using FEA
Field Equation: ∇ ×υ∇ × A = J s − σ
∂A − σ∇V + ∇ × Hc + σv × ∇ × A ∂t
Nfl
di dA Circuit Equation: d f dΩ + R if + L f + uc = us S f a ∫∫ dt dt
Parametric Analysis Optimization
Parametric Analysis Optimization
if − C
duc =0 dt
mα + λω = Tem + Texternal
Motion Equation
System Level IGBT Analytical Based Model IGBT
D2
IGBT
D3
ω
ECELink EMF
175
FM_ROT
IGBT IA A_PHASE_N1
IB
ROT2
A
+ VBC V
B_PHASE_N1
IC A
EMF
+
T
ROT1
A
C_PHASE_N1
175
IGBT
IGBT ECE
A
AM_IGB ICA:
PP:=
EQU
ON:=
theta_elect := PP * ECELink theta := MOD(theta_elect
OFF:= THRESH:=4 HYST:=
Torqu
Phase Curre 1.00
IA IB IC
500.0
Phase Voltag To
400.0
300.0
Von Mises stress
V_A
200.0 200.0 0
0 -500.0
0
0
10.00m
-200.0
-100.0 0
-1.00
17.27mt
10.00
-300.0 0
17.27 t
10.00
17.27 t
Thermal and Stress Analysis
Drive System Design
EMSSLink1 EMSSLink1 175
R5
MASS_ROTB1
R1
R3
E5
IA
RA
V
theta>90 AND theta<150
ctrl_6:=ON
C_PHASE_N2
R4
R6
theta>210 AND theta<270
ctrl_1:=ON
ctrl_3:=ON
theta>90 AND theta<150
A
ICA:
AM_IGBT
theta>150 AND theta<210
ctrl_1:=ON ctrl_2:=ON
theta>210 AND theta<270
ctrl_2:=ON ctrl_3:=ON
ctrl_1:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF
ctrl_5:=ON
ctrl_2:=OFF ctrl_3:=OFF
ctrl_3:=OFF ctrl_4:=OFF
theta>270 AND theta<330
ctrl_3:=OFF ctrl_4:=OFF
ctrl_4:=OFF ctrl_5:=OFF
ctrl_5:=OFF ctrl_6:=OFF ctrl_4:=ON
theta>330 OR theta<30
V
ctrl_2:=OFF ctrl_3:=OFF
ctrl_4:=OFF ctrl_5:=OFF
ctrl_5:=OFF ctrl_6:=OFF
VGE4
E4
E6
ctrl_6:=OFF ctrl_1:=OFF
ctrl_6:=ON
C_PHASE_N1
175
R2
ctrl_2:=ON
ctrl_1:=OFF ctrl_2:=OFF
ctrl_5:=ON
B_PHASE_N2
RC 0.023
ICA:
AM_IGBT
ctrl_6:=ON
theta>30 AND theta<90
B_PHASE_N1
IC A
EMF1
A_PHASE_N2
0.023
theta>150 AND theta<210
ctrl_1:=ON ctrl_2:=ON
ctrl_6:=OFF ctrl_1:=OFF
V
C_PHASE_N1
V
E4
E2
ctrl_1:=ON
ROTB2
RB A
+ VBC
VGE4
A
ROTB1
0.023 A_PHASE_N1
IB
B_PHASE_N2
RC 0.023
C_PHASE_N2
R4
E6
RA A
B_PHASE_N1
IC A
R6
E2
IA
E1
E3
E5
A_PHASE_N2
0.023
175 R2
R3
R5
ROTB2
RB A
+
EMF1
MASS_ROTB1
R1
175
A_PHASE_N1
IB
VBC
EMF2
ROTB1
0.023
A
E1
E3
+
EMF2
+
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Fast Analytical Solution: Narrow the Design Space
ctrl_3:=ON ctrl_4:=ON
ctrl_5:=ON
Drive System Integration with Manufacturer’s IGBTs
Equivalent Circuit Model : High Fidelity Physics Based Model
theta>30 AND theta<90
ctrl_6:=ON
ctrl_4:=ON theta>330 OR theta<30
ctrl_5:=ON
theta>270 AND theta<330
ctrl_3:=ON ctrl_4:=ON
Complete Transient FEA -Transient System Co-simulation
RMxprt
What is RMxprt ? • Analytical Design Software for Electric Machines • User can calculate machine performance, make material and size decisions • Flexible design and optimization process for rotating electric machines which perform hundreds of "what if" analyses in a matter of seconds Machine Types • Induction Machines : Three-Phase, Single-Phase • Synchronous Machines : Line-Start PM, Adjustable Speed PM, Salient Pole, Non-Salient Pole • Brush commutated: DC, Permanent Magnet DC, Universal, Clawpole Alternator
• Electronically commutated: Brushless PM, Switched Reluctance
User Inputs
Typical Results
Complete Report and Curves
RMxprt to Maxwell 2D link
Automatic creation of complete transient design including: Geometry, Materials, Master/Slave Boundaries, Sources, Mesh Operations, External Circuits, Motion, and Solution Setup Access this by clicking on Analysis > Setup > Create Maxwell Design
RMxprt to Maxwell 3D link
Complete geometry creation One-click FEA design Option for periodic or full models Automatic update with project variables
Geometry creation and material assignment General and dedicated machine parts Create new machine types with arbitrary combinations Dimension variables supported
Arbitrary Winding Configurations Lap winding with coil pitch=1
Concentric winding
Single-layer lap winding
Double-layer lap winding
DC winding
Common Slot Type Support
Single/double Single/double squirrel-cage squirrel-cagecores cores
Inner/outer Inner/outerAC/DC AC/DC armature armaturecores cores
Maxwell
What is Maxwell?
Magnetic and Electric Finite Element Field Solvers Static, Quasi-Static and Transient (time-domain) solutions Linear and non-linear, isotropic and anisotropic, and laminated materials Parametric and Optimization capabilities including statistical, sensitivity and tuning analysis Co-simulation with Simplorer Direct link from RMxprt Direct link to ePhysics
Maxwell Desktop six windows Project Manager Window
3D modeler Window
Properties Window Progress Window
Message Window History Tree Window
Powerful Geometry Utilities ¾
Geometry utilities automatically create complicated 2D/3D geometries
¾
Shape optimized for minimum count, good quality mesh, significantly enhancing meshing success rate
General Machine Parts
Components for most machines
Geometry Variables Sharing with RMxprt Convenient Convenientfor forgeometry geometry parametric parametricsweep sweepand and optimization optimization
Maxwell Maxwellgeometry geometry automatic automaticupdate update with withvariables variables changed changedininRMxprt RMxprt
3-Tier Library Structure
System (global) level – predefined from Ansoft User Library – to be shared among several users at a company (can be encrypted) Personal libraries - to be used only by single user (can be encrypted)
Advanced Analysis Features
Distributed Analysis – for computing farm to Options for remote or distributed analysis capability – can solve different rows of a parametric table on different PC’s (Tools > Options > Analysis) Remote Solve – to solve on a single remote computer (must have separate license) Optional convergence stopping criterion – use of % change of any output parameter (such as loss or torque) as an additional convergence stopping criterion, but does not impact adaptive refinement
Double Rotor Motion Two Bands in Transient Solver For transient motion solver, two bands with two independently moving objects now allowed Both rotational and translational solvers can handle this
Stator Rotor I Rotor II
Multiple end connected conductors
For transient solver, can have for independently connected squirrel cage rotors
squirrel cage I squirrel cage II
Induction Motor with Dual Rotor Cages
External Circuit Coupling
Use Maxwell Circuit Editor for control and drive circuitry Re-adjusts time step of field computation when:
Switching Sharp variations in external sources Large change in winding inductance
Project and Components Window
five windows Schematic Window
Properties Window Message Window
Progress Window
Maxwell Co-simulation with Simplorer ¾
2D transient co-simulation: Maxwell V12 – Simplorer V8
¾
Improved performance with asynchronous time steps
¾
Next step is to support 3D: Maxwell V12.x – Simplorer V8.x Lumped field coupling parameters
Maxwell
SIMPLORER Equivalent circuit coupling parameters
Dynamic Demagnetization Source Design
2-step process
Target Design
Dynamic Demagnetization - Results Source H field in the PM
Target H field in the PM
Laminated Materials Core Loss Field Effects Note: this can have an impact on the torque in a motor
∂ ∇ × ([σ a ] ∇ × T) = ( µH + H pc ) ∂t ∂ [k ]−1 H pc = ( µH ) ∂t H pc : −1
Typical Maxwell 2D/3D Results
Optimetrics
What is Optimetrics ? ¾
Optimetrics enables engineers to determine the best design variation among a model's possible variations.
¾
Create the original model, the nominal design, and then define design parameters that vary
¾
Optimetrics includes five unique capabilities: 1.
Parametrics: Define one or more variable sweep definitions, each specifying a series of variable values within a range. Easily view and compare the results using plot or table to determine how each design variation affects the performance of the design.
2.
Optimization: Identify the cost function and the optimization goal. Optimetrics automatically changes the design parameter(s) to meet the goal. The cost function can be based on any solution quantity that can be computes, such as field values, R,L,C force, torque, volume or weight.
3.
Sensitivity: Determine the sensitivity of the design to small changes in variables in the vicinity of a design point. Outputs include: Regression value at the current variable value, First derivative of the regression, Second derivative of the regression
4.
Tuning: Variable values are changed interactively and the performance of the design is monitored. Useful after performing an optimization in which Optimetrics has determined an optimal variable value, and you want to fine tune the value to see how the design results are affected.
5.
Statistical: shows the distribution (Histogram) of a design output like force, torque or loss caused by a statistical variation (Monte Carlo) of input variables.
Optimetrics Module (cont.)
Distributed Parametrics and Optimization
Seamless setup Integrated with force, torque, matrix Complete support of Transient solution
Optimetrics Module (cont.) Integrated with external circuit Setup variables in Maxwell Circuit Editor
Optimize on ‘voltage’ in Maxwell
Optimetrics Example
Optimization of a starter-alternator pack The pack contains a motor used also as alternator Three-phase claw pole motor Permanent Magnets are added between teeth
Optimization of the Geometry Want to see the influence on the output torque Tooth angle
Magnet thickness
Magnet length
Results
Transient analysis run for the optimized design Initial Peak torque: 63.40 Nm Optimized Peak Torque: 67.42 Nm
Initial
Optimized
Simplorer
What is Simplorer ? • Multi-domain, system simulator for designing high performance systems • Commonly used by the automotive, aerospace/defense, and industrial automation industries. • Integrated analysis with electromagnetic simulation tools (Maxwell, PExprt, RMxprt, Q3D, HFSS) • Three Basic Simulation Engines: 9 Circuits 9 Block Diagrams 9 State Machines • Analysis Types: DC, AC, Transient • Co-simulation with Maxwell and Simulink • Statistical Analysis and Optimization • VHDL-AMS Capability
Circuits R1
R2
50
1k
R3
1k
N0002
R4
50
C2
C1
3.3u 3.3u V0 := 5
12
N0003
N0004
V0 := 0 N0005
Block Diagrams
I_PART_id CONST
I
UL := 9 LL := -9
id_ref
P_PART_id
LIMIT
GAIN
yd
KP := 0.76
id
G(s)
GAIN
GS2 SUM2_6
State Machines IMP = 0 and RLine.I <= ILOW SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 0 and RLine.I >= IUP
SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 0
IMP = 1 IMP = 0
SET: CS1:=1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 1
IMP = 1 and RLine.I <= ILOW
IMP = 1 and RLine.I >= IUP
SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
Complete System Design System
Subsystem
Component Thermal Magnetic Electrical Mechanical Hydraulic
Analog
Logic
Digital
SIMPLORER Methodology Electrical/Electronics (analog and digital circuits) R1 N0002
R2
50
1k
R4
C2 3.3u
3.3u V0 := 5
12
R3
1k
C1
N0003
Digital Control Systems (state machine)
50
IMP = 0 and RLine.I <= ILOW SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
N0004
V0 := 0
SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
IMP = 0 and RLine.I >= IUP
N0005
IMP = 0
IMP = 1 IMP = 0
XOR2_DEL1
A B
IMP = 1
XOR
XOR2_DEL2 XOR
SUM
IGBT1
C
IGBT3
IGBT2
SET: CS1:=1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
AND2_DEL1 AND
AND2_DEL2
OR2_DEL1 OR
Carry
IMP = 1 and RLine.I <= ILOW
IMP = 1 and RLine.I >= IUP
SET: CS1:=-1 SET: CS2:=-1 SET: CS3:=-1 SET: CS4:=-1
C1 4.7m IGBT4
IGBT6
IGBT5
AND
A BC
Analog Control, Mechanics (block diagram)
3~
MS
Each part of a complex technical system is represented by the most appropriate modeling language
I_PART_id UL := 9 LL := -9
CONST
I
id_ref
P_PART_id
LIMIT
GAIN
yd
KP := 0.76
id G(s)
GS2 SUM2_6
GAIN
Multi Domain Design Transformer Sensors Control
Electro Mechanics
Multitude of Domains Multitude of Tools & Methods Power Converter
Utility
Mechanics
Simulator Coupling Technology Maxwell2D/3D
SIMPLORER Simulation Data Bus Simulator Coupling Technology
Electromagnetism Electro mechanics
Simulink
C/C++ Interface
MathCad
Circuit Simulator
Block Diagram Simulator
State Machine Simulator
VHDL-AMS Simulator
Model Database Electrical, Blocks, States, Machines, Automotive, Hydraulic, Mechanics, Power, Semiconductors…
Integrated Design Environment All three basic simulation types are on same desktop: Circuits, Block Diagrams, State Machines
Power Library Power Library
Power System and Cable Models
Inverter Topologies
Single Phase Power Supply
Two Level Inverter Equivalent Circuit
Ideal Three Phase Power Supply
Three Phase Two Level Inverter
Three Phase Power Supply with Impedance
Single Phase Two Level Inverter
WIRE - Gamma Model
Three Phase Three Level Inverter
Wire T-Model
Single Phase Three Level Inverter
Line-commutated Converters
B2 Diode Bridge
DC Link Control Algorithms
B2 Fully Controlled
Two Level Square Wave
B2 Half-Controlled, Symmetrical
Two Level Natural Sampling
B2 Half-Controlled, Asymmetrical
Three Level Single Phase
B6 Diode Bridge
Three Level Three Phase
B6 Thyristor Bridge
Three Level Single Phase NS
B6 Bridges - Inverse Parallel Connection
Three Level Three Phase NS
B12 Diode Bridge
Four Quadrant Current Control
B12 Thyristor Bridge Parallel Connection
Four Quadrant Natural Sampling
B12 Thyristor Bridge Cascade
B24 Thyristor Bridge
Single Phase A.C. Chopper
Three Phase A.C. Chopper
Load Models
Three Phase RL Load
Logic
Dead Time
Applications: • AC/DC Converters • Inverters (DC/AC) • Drive Systems • Power Quality • Alternative Power Industries: • Industrial Automation • Drives Manufacturers • EV/EHV • Power Conversion • Power Quality
+ Battery and Fuel Cell
Mechanical Elements Library Mechanical Systems Rotational
Coordinate Transformation
Mass
Rotational-Rotational
Rigidity
Rotational-Translational
Torque Source
Translational-Rotational
Angular Velocity Source Ground Translational
Translational-Translational Electrical Machines
DCMP DC-Machine Permanent Excitation
Mass
ASMS Slip Ring Induction Machine
Rigidity
SYMP Synchronous Machine Permanent Excitation
Force Source
SYMP Synchronous Machine Permanent Excitation w Damper
Velocity Source
Ground
Applications: • Drive Trains • Electro-Hydraulic Systems • Electro-Mechanical Systems • Load Variations
Industries: • Automotive Suppliers • Drive Manufacturers • Industrial Automation • Defense • Aerospace
Simplorer to Maxwell ECE Coupling
Simplorer - Simulink Cosimulation
SIMPLORER SIMPLORERv8 v8
Simulation initiated from SIMPLORER Simulink invoked from SIMPLORER
d-q-Phase Transformation Vector control based on d-q transformation ICA:
TP := 0.0002 ustmax := 10. t0a := 0 t0b := 0 t0c := 0
¾ d-q transformation using built in math engine ¾ On-time computation for phase A and B for inverter control based on Controller output data Control Signal Generation / Phase Transformation
EQU
yalph := cos(theta_el) * yd.VAL - sin(theta_el) * yq.VAL
theta_el := SYMPOD1.PHIDEG * PI / 180.
ybeta := sin(theta_el) * yd.VAL + cos(theta_el) * yq.VAL
TEc := (yc / ustmax + 1) * TP / 2.
ya := yalph
i1alph := SYMPOD1.I1A
yb := -0.5 * yalph + ybeta * sqrt(3.) / 2. yc := -ya - yb
i1beta := (SYMPOD1.I1A + 2 * SYMPOD1.I1B) / sqrt(3.) i1d := i1alph * cos(theta_el) + i1beta * sin(theta_el)
TEa := (ya / ustmax + 1) * TP2
i1q := i1beta * cos(theta_el) - i1alph * sin(theta_el)
TEb := (yb / ustmax + 1) * TP2 theta_m := theta_el / 3.
Speed and Torque Control Speed Control I_n
I_iq I
GAIN
iq
n I
GAIN
G(s)
KI := 29.02k UL := 10 LL := -10
GS1
UL := 9 LL := -9 LIMIT
P_Iq GAIN
yq
m_ref
P_PART_n
LIMIT
GAIN
KP := 0.76
I_id I
LIMIT
UL := 9 LL := -9
CONST
GS2
id
GAIN
G(s)
GAIN
d-q-Current Controller
GAIN
Yt
Controller design using block diagrams
id_ref
P_id
KP := 0.76
ust
KP := 0.1161k
KI := 80 yd
ust_in
¾ Speed Profile from Data File ¾ Reference Torque Determination
DC Motor Drive System TR R_R ET1 10m R_S
0 15.00
50.00m
100.00m
50.00m 0
0
T
AM1
L_S
ET2 R_T
tY
M
D4
-16.66m
16.6667
D7
DCM
L_T
GAIN
CONST
+ A
LOAD CD 1m
N_REF
Motor torque and load torque
D3
0.3m
DCM.N
50.00m 100.00m
D2
L_R
ET3
10.00
0 0
D1
D5
LIMITER
GAIN
LIMIT
I_GAIN I
CONST
.1m
D6
P_GAIN KP := 50 CLOCK
RA := 1.2 LA := 9.5m KE := 0.544 J := 4m
KI := 20
UL := 20 LL := 0
CONTR_OUT THRES1 := -2.5 THRES2 := 2.5 VAL1 := -1 VAL2 := 1
Servo Drive System Reference and Actual Speed
Phase Currents 1k 0.75k
20 15
ET1
R1
L1
10m
1m
R2
L2
D2
D1
IGBT1
D3
IGBT2
10
IGBT3
0.5k
5
0.25k
0
0
-5
ET2
C1
R3
L3
10m
1m
-0.75k -1k
-20 -25 0
50m
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4 t [s]
D5
IGBT4
IGBT5
M_LOAD
TP := 0.0002 ustmax := 10. t0a := 0 t0b := 0 t0c := 0
1,3 Nm at 2000 rpm
SYMPOD1
A
B
IGBT6
C
3~
MS
R1 := 1 P := 3 J := 5.55m
t - t0b >= TEb
P21
P12
P31
P22
t - t0c >= TEc
L1D := 9.2m L1Q := 9.2m KE := 0.334
z2 := 1
z2 := 0
z3 := 1
z4 := 1
z5 := 0
z5 := 1
z6 := 0
0 -10
0.54k
-20
0.53k 0.53k
t - t0b >= TP
t - t0a >= TP
50m
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4 t [s]
I
GAIN
iq
I
QuickGraph9 8 6
2 * yd.VAL yq.VAL
G(s)
LIMIT
yq
m_ref
GAIN
KP := 0.76 I_id I
P_PART_n
LIMIT
GAIN
KP := 0.1161k
LIMIT
UL := 9 LL := -9
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4 t [s]
0
50m
Control Signal Generation / Phase Transformation theta_el:=SYMPOD1.PHIDEG * PI / 180.
GAIN
ybeta:=sin(theta_el) * yd.VAL + cos(theta_el) * yq.VAL ya:=yalph yb:=-0.5 * yalph + ybeta * sqrt(3.) / 2. yc:=-ya - yb TEa:=(ya / ustmax + 1) * TP2 TEb:=(yb / ustmax + 1) * TP2 TEc:=(yc / ustmax + 1) * TP / 2. i1alph:=SYMPOD1.I1A
GS2
GAIN
G(s)
d-q-Current Controller
0.1
CONST
P_id
KP := 0.76
50m
id_ref
KI := 80 yd
0
yalph:=cos(theta_el) * yd.VAL - sin(theta_el) * yq.VAL
Y t
id GAIN
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4 t [s]
0.3
0.35
0.4 t [s]
0.4k
EQU
ust
0.15
0.6k 0.2k
ust_in
0.1
1k
0 -0.2k
KI := 29.02k UL := 10 LL := -10
GS1
P_Iq
50m
0.8k
z6 := 1
Speed Control
0.4 t [s]
1.6k 1.4k
-6 -8
n
0.35
1.2k
4
z3 := 0
GAIN
0.3
Position
-4
UL := 9 LL := -9
0
t - t0c >= TP I_n
I_iq
0.25
-30 -40 0
0
t0c := t
t0b := t
t0a := t
0.2
10
0.54k
-2
z1 := 0
0.15
40 30
0.55k
2
P32
0.1
20
0.55k
Synchronous Machine permanent excitation
tY
LOAD := SYMPOD1.N*0.00065 + M_LOAD.VAL
t - t0a >= TEa
z4 := 0
50m
Reference and Actual Torque C1.V [V]
0.56k
D6
ICA:
z1 := 1
0
DC Link Voltage 0.57k 0.56k
D4
P11
-0.5k
-15
4.7m
1m
10m ET3
-0.25k
-10
i1beta:=(SYMPOD1.I1A + 2 * SYMPOD1.I1B) / sqrt(3.) i1d:=i1alph * cos(theta_el) + i1beta * sin(theta_el) i1q:=i1beta * cos(theta_el) - i1alph * sin(theta_el) theta_m:=theta_el / 3.
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Generator System QuickGraph1 Reactive power compensation
1.60k
Soft start bypass Delta ET1
Star
TH3
R1
L1
+
+ ET2
R2
L2
vm_HS_U1
R3
L3
A
TH4
+ V
V
TH5
+ ET3
+
A
+
V
vm_HS_U2
A B C
TH6
V
vm_HS_U3
+
V
A
0
2.00
R1 := 1.13333m
TH1
+
QuickGraph2
LS2 := 84.6667u
TH2
V
+
+ V
1n
vm33
Low Voltage
High Voltage
V
I1A0 := 0
vm22 vm11
I1B0 := 0
vm1.V vm2.V vm3.V
25.00
LM := 4.33333m
+ V
3.00 t
40.00
LS1 := 0.135667m
R4
1n
1.40k M
3~
R2 := 1.7m +
L4
ASM_1.N
1.70k
0
I1C0 := 0 I2A0 := 0
TFR3LS1
Dy5
I2B0 := 0
TFR3LP1
-25.00
I2C0 := 0 N0 := 1.49k
soft
Time dependent changing of the capacitances in the reactive power compensation
KI := -0.1k
-40.00
PHI0 := 0
0
2.00
3.00 t
LOAD := T_turbine
SET: := con:=0 GAIN
SET: := C_con:=100u SET: := T_con:=0.05
I
alpha2
Tmax:=-500
(t>=0.6)
(t>0.1)
net_in:=1 * Unom bypass:=0 main:=1
net_in:=1 * Unom SET: := bypass:=1 Tmax:=-500
(t>=2.5)
net_in:=1 * Unom bypass:=1
con:=1 (t>=(0.65+T_con)) (t>=3.5)
net_in:=1 * Unom
Tmax:=-10000
Tmax:=-15000
tY
tignit := alpha.VAL / (360 * freq) freq := 50
State10_3
(t>=(0.65+(5*T_con))) (t>=4.8)
(t>=(0.65+(7*T_con)))
con:=1
<---Timedependent changing of load torque caused by the wind
net_in:=1 * Unom
net_in:=1 * Unom
Tmax:=-19000
VA2_1
Soft start curve for alpha
n_off2
EQU
ICA:
Pmech := T_turbine * ASM_1.N / 60 * 2 * 3.14 / 3
Unom := 20k / 1.73 FILE := asynchronous_wind_generator5_ssh__alpha.mdx C_com := 10u TPERIO := 0.5 risetime := 120 PHASE := 0 T_turbine := -5000 PERIO := 0
toff := 1 / (2.1 * freq)
(t>=4.5)
(t>=(0.65+(8*T_con)))
Tmax:=-5000
alpha EQU
(t>=(0.65+(3*T_con)))
net_in:=1 * Unom
(t>=(0.65+(6*T_con)))
(t>=(0.65+(4*T_con)))
(t>=(0.65+(2*T_con)))
(t>=0.65)
SET: ignit12:=0 vm1.V<0 and alpha.VAL<= risetime-1
am1 := 20k * sqrt(2) / sqrt(3)
t>th1+toff or vm1.V>=0
SET: ignit22:=0 vm2.V<0 and alpha.VAL<=risetime-1 t>th2+toff or vm2.V>=0
Thyristor Control
DEL: ignit22 ## tignit
SET: ignit21:=0
SET: ignit11:=0
SET: ignit31:=0 vm3.V>0 and alpha.VAL<=risetime-1
vm2.V>0 and alpha.VAL<=risetime-1 vm1.V>0 and alpha.VAL<=risetime-1
SET: th1:=t
t>th2+toff or vm2.V<=0
t>th3+toff or vm3.V<=0
SET: th2:=t
vm3.V<0 and alpha.VAL <= risetime-1
SET: th1:=t SET: th2:=t
t>th1+toff or vm1.V<=0
SET: := ignit32:=0 t > th3+toff or vm3.V>=0
SET: th3:=t
SET: := th3:=t
Inverter Drive System TH11 TH12 TH13
v_soll
n_soll
EXT
P
100 v_soll1
60 vsoll
TH24 TH25 TH26
ETR UR
t t t
TH14 TH15 TH16 TH21 TH22 TH23
USynR
UT
USynS
4.67
7.5 -7.5
0.168
NEG1
GRnI
USynT
9.549 omg"MasTisch"
STF
DCMP
StfTachowelle c := 20k
DcmpMotor R_a := 1.28
k_Vsc := 66.7m
L_a := 4.749m k_Vsc := 0.24
0.16667m
NE41
Sp
tY
NE6
dssi
NE5 1 J
StfSpindel c := 18k k_Vsc := 0.223
J
NE2
NE1
lTT2
lTT1
STF
MasSpindelRe J := 1.94m
StfSpdlAxial c := 190 k_Vsc := 0.095
k_Vsc := 1
State Machine
k_Vsc := 0.25
V01
i_a"Dc 200.0
NE11
0
0 812.9m T
812.9m T s_ist s6
812.9m T
-2.500m 0
25.00
0
500.0m
812.9m T
-10.00m 0
Z21
NE13
NE14
NE23
V03
NE15
NE16
Z12
Z22
NE17
Z13
Z23
NE19
NE20
W02
W03
V05
V06
812.9m T NE26
v6 v_ist
NE27
NE28
Z24
Z14
NE32
500.0m
NE22
NE25
V04
500.0m
NE21
NE18
NE24
W01
m_Dff 20.00m m_Dff m_Dff m_Dff m_Dff 0
40.00
-20.00 0
500.0m
0 500.0m
NE12
Z11
ssoll 7.500m sist sschl 5.000m
0 -2.500m 0
-100.0 0
V02
u_a"D
20.00
5.000m
NE4
SR2
VSoll
J := 2.1m
500.0m
NE7
J := 0.57m
Mechanical Elements
7.500m
NE9
MasTisch
I_a0 := 0
-10.00 0
P2
P1
I
k_e := 971m
30.00
NE3
NE8 Start
STF
StfKpplg c := 186k MasKpplgReSpdlLi J := 1.55m k_Vsc := 0.39
J := 0.9m
SR1
NEG
s6
STF
MasKupplgLi
NE10
45.446 10 -10
I
J
STF
StfMotorwelle c := 35k
VA1 :
NEG2
1
P
J
ICA :
VA1_1
I
s_ist
P
Control loop
ICA1
GRiI
I
EXT
EXT
M
J := 0.15m
10 -10
0.2 i_a"DcmpMotor"
EXT
ERS
J
MasTacho
5m
NEG
ust
GRiP P
EXT
9.549 0.16667m omg"MasTacho" n6 v6
ui
LIMITER
350.385 10 -10 ui_ist
v_ist
ui_sollB
P
0.04775 omg"MasTisch" n_ist
ERS
US
ui_soll
GRnP
0.04775 omg"MasTacho" uni6
ETT UT
UR
un
LIMITER
100
EXT
um_sollB
P
P
un_ist ETS US
un_soll
Z15
NE33
NE30
NE29
Z25
NE34
NE31
Z16
NE35
Z26
NE36
NE37
812.9m T NE38
NE39 W04
NE40 W05
W06
Drive System with FEA model Includes: High Fidelity Machine FEA Model, Battery, Manufacture IGBTs, Closed-loop Current/Speed Controls, Dynamic Mechanical Load and Digital Switching V ROT1
ω IGBT1
IGBT2
IGBT3
ABC -
Rotor
+
T
Im_IN
T
beta IN TTheta IN
+
Battery
IGBT4
IGBT5
M LOAD
β
Im
LBATT A1
t Y
ECE ECE -- LINK LINK
IGBT6 PRI := 1
SET: tx:=t
yalph = 0 and ybeta = 0
SET: k:=1
d-q-Current Controller GAIN
I
iq
G(s)
yq
GS1
m ref
GAIN
LIMIT
P PART n
KP := 0.1161k
I
yd
UL := 10
GAIN
id ref
ybeta < 0 and yalph >= 0
SET: gam1:=pi-ASIN(ybeta/y) SET: gam1:=2*pi+ASIN(ybeta/y)
true
ust Y t
SET: kr:=(k-1)*PI3 SET: kl:=k*PI3 SET: gam1:=gam1
SET: k:=k+1
true
CONST
Speed Control
KI := 240
kl <= gam1
P id
GS2
GAIN
G(s)
LIMIT
ust in
GAIN
KP := 1.96
true
true
LL := -10
P Iq
I id
(ybeta > 0 and yalph <= 0) or (yalph < 0 and ybeta <= 0) SET: gam1:=ASIN(ybeta/y)
KI := 29.02k UL := 10
UL := 10
LIMIT
yalph > 0 and ybeta >= 0
GAIN
I
KI := 240
LL := -10
n
I n
I iq
id
SET: gamr:=gam1-kr SET: tr:= kA*y*Tp*sin(PI3 - gamr)
kr <= gam1 and kl > gam1
GAIN
SET: tl:=kA*y*Tp*sin(gamr) SET: t02:=(Tp-tr-tl)/2
KP := 1.96
LL := -10
k=1 or k=3 or k=5
k=2 or k=4 or k=6
Phase Transformation / Control Signal Generation by Space Vector Modulation EQU
ICA:
fp:=10k
wu32:=sqrt(3.) / 2.
Tp:=1./fp
P18:=pi / 180.
tx:=0 wu3:=sqrt(3.)
SET: z1:=1
PI3:=pi / 3. gam1:=0. kA:=0.1
A123
theta_el:=SYMPOD1.PHIDEG * P18
if (y>10.) {y:=10.}
sinthe:=sin(theta_el)
i1alph:=SYMPOD1.I1A
costhe:=cos(theta_el)
i1beta:=(SYMPOD1.I1A + 2 * SYMPOD1.I1B) / wu3
yalph:=costhe * yd.VAL - sinthe * yq.VAL
i1d:=i1alph * costhe + i1beta * sinthe
ybeta:=sinthe * yd.VAL + costhe * yq.VAL
i1q:=i1beta * costhe - i1alph * sinthe
y:=SQRT(SQU(yalph)+SQU(ybeta))
theta_m:=theta_el / 3.
SET: z2:=1
SET: z4:=0 SET: z5:=0
SET: z3:=1
SET: z6:=0
A456
t-tx>=t02 and k=2
t-tx>=t02 and k=4
t-tx>=t02 and k=6
A126
A234
A135
SET: z3:=0
SET: z1:=0
SET: z6:=1
SET: z4:=1
t-tx >= t02+tr
t-tx >= t02+tr
E456
t-tx >= t02+tr
SET: z1:=0
SET: z4:=1
SET: z2:=0
SET: z5:=1
SET: z3:=0
SET: z6:=1
SET: z5:=1 SET: z6:=1
t-tx>=t02 and k=3
t-tx>=t02 and k=5
B246
B345
t-tx >= t02+tr
B126
B234
SET: z2:=1 SET: z5:=0
SET: z6:=1 t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
SET: z4:=1
SET: z6:=0 SET: z3:=1
SET: z5:=0 SET: z2:=1
SET: z4:=0
SET: z3:=0
SET: z5:=1 t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
SET: z1:=1
t-tx >= t02+tr
SET: z2:=0
SET: z1:=0 SET: z4:=1 t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
B156
SET: z2:=0 SET: z5:=1
A156
A345
A246
t-tx>=t02 and k=1
SET: z1:=0 SET: z2:=0 SET: z3:=0
t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
E123
t-tx >= t02+tr
B135
SET: z6:=0
SET: z4:=0
SET: z3:=1 t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
SET: z1:=1
SET: z1:=1 t-tx >= t02+tr+tl
SET: z4:=0
SET: z2:=1
SET: z5:=0
SET: z3:=1
SET: z6:=0
true true SET: k:=0
PRI := 1 t-tx >= Tp and k = 0
t-tx >= Tp
SET: tx:=t
t-tx >= Tp
EMI Motor Drive Analysis Includes: Busbar, Cable, IGBT Package Parasitics for EMI Application
ePhysics
What is ePhysics ? • Coupled Thermal and Stress Analysis for electromagnetic devices • Fully integrated with other Ansoft Desktops (Models, Materials, Mesh etc.) • Three Solvers: 9 Static Thermal 9 Transient Thermal 9 Static Stress
Magnetic Analysis
Thermal Analysis
Thermal Solution for Motors
Convection & Radiation Boundary Conditions Temperature distribution Features: - Coupled Maxwell – ePhysics solution - Automatic loss mapping - Anisotropic material properties - Adaptive time stepping - Advanced convective – radiative BCs
Temperature variation vs time of the rotor yoke & coils
Stress Solution for Motors Von Mises stress
Deformation / stress due to combined electromagnetic and centrifugal force distributions
Features: - Coupled Maxwell – ePhysics solution - Automatic force distribution mapping - Anisotropic material properties - Usage of load with spatial distribution
10,000 rpm
Permanent magnets, rotor with centrifugal force volume density with spatial distribution
Embedded PM Motor Magnified deformation due to centrifugal and EM forces
Rotor
