Maritime Emergency Situations at Sea

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AT SEA Prepared by: MRS. CECILLE M. JALBUENA EN1103 Maritime Vocabulary and Terms

COPING WITH EMERGENCIES ON BOARD • Accidents may occur at sea because of: - carelessness - deliberate disregard of safety rules - ignorance of one’s duties - lack of awareness of existing hazards

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD 1) COLLISION : Vessels coming into destructive contact are said to be in collision.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD 2) STRANDING : The condition of a vessel that has run on a strand or a beach. In consequence, the double bottom area of the vessel will probably suffer considerable damage, especially if the ground is rocky. This is the same action as beaching, but with the significant difference that beaching the vessel is an intentional action and under comparatively controlled conditions, whereas stranding is accidental.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD 3) GROUNDING : The condition when a vessel touches the bottom.

Ship grounding leads to the impact of the bottom part of a ship onto the ocean bed, resulting in damage to the ship structure. A ship grounding can be of two types – Soft grounding and Wallop Grounding.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD

grounded at harbor

A soft grounding does not lead to adverse effects on a ship. But this doesn't mean it has to be completely neglected. Proper inspection needs to be made as soon as the ship reaches the nearest port.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD

grounding capsize

Wallop grounding can lead to heavy damage to the hull and submerged part of the ship. • This might lead to serious cracks in the ship structure, resulting in water ingress followed by serious damage of the ship's structural integrity and causing major instability. • Sometimes due to wallop grounding, the ship might completely lose its balance and become unstable, leading to ship capsize.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD 4) MAIN ENGINE FAILURE : Breakdown in operation of the main engine.

MAJOR TYPES OF EMERGENCY ON BOARD 5) FIRE and/or EXPLOSION : These can be caused by failure or faulty operation or equipment, by self-ignition caused by carelessness with open fire or smoking in a non-smoking area.

OTHER EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON BOARD • • • • • • • •

Listing Capsizing Flooding Man overboard Leakage of gas Oil spill Electrical accident Accident in an enclosed space

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 1. Immediately upon boarding the vessel, each person should familiarize himself with his assigned location in the event of an emergency. 2. All crew members should be thoroughly familiar with the duties they are assigned to perform in the event of an emergency. 3. All persons should participate in emergency drills and should be properly dressed including properly donned life preserver or exposure unit.

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 4. In all vessels carrying passengers, the STEWARD DEPARTMENT shall be responsible for warning passengers, seeing that passengers are properly dressed and have correctly donned their life preservers, assembly and directing passenger movement and ensuring that a supply of blankets be taken to the lifeboats. 5. The proper chain of command is indicated by the sequential numbers assigned to each department. Should a key person become disabled the next senior member of the department must take over the disabled person’s place.

SOME INSTRUCTIONS DURING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 6. The Chief Mate should be responsible for the maintenance and readiness of lifesaving and fire fighting appliances and equipment above the main deck. 7. The First Assistant Engineer must be responsible for the maintenance and readiness of all lifesaving and fire fighting appliances and equipment on the main deck and below.

LET’S SEE IF YOU REALLY DID LISTEN QUESTIONS TO ANSWER IN A ¼ YELLOW PAD PAPER: 1) Name at least 4 emergency situations on board. 2) Give at least 2 causes of accidents that may occur at sea. 3) Who is responsible for the maintenance and readiness of lifesaving and fire fighting appliances and equipment above the main deck? 4) Who is responsible for the maintenance and readiness of lifesaving and fire fighting appliances and equipment in the main deck and below?