MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS ANALÍTICA 2013b

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013.

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE QUERÉTARO. FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS PARA EL LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA


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De$c%!&c!'( #e )a ac!"!#a#. INTRODUCCIÓN A LA QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EL TRABAO E/PERIMENTAL ANLISIS CUALITATIO. CUALITATIO. PRUEBAS RPIDAS PARA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ANIONES  CATIONES.. PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS MEDIBLES  SU RELACIÓN RELACIÓN CON LA CONCENTRACIÓN DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CONSTANTE DE UNA REACCIÓN QUÍMICA EN SOLUCIÓN ACUOSA. ERACIDAD DE LAS MEDIDAS. ANLISIS CUANTITATIO. PREPARACIÓN  ALORACIÓN DE UNA SOLUCIÓN. TITULACIONES DIRECTAS8 INDIRECTAS  POR RETROCESO. ODOMETRIAS  ODIMETRIAS. DETERMINACIÓN DE UN ANALITO MEDIANTE DOS M:TODOS DISTINTOS. DETERMINACIÓN DE AGUA O/IGENADA POR ODIMETRÍA  PERMANGANIMETRÍA. DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LONGITUD DE ONDA DE M/IMA ABSORCIÓN DE LU=  PREPARACIÓN DE UNA CURA DE CALIBRACIÓN. DETERMINACI>N COLORIM?TRICA DE @IERRO.


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COMPONENTES DE LA CALIFICACIÓN FINAL ASISTENCIA

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TRABAO EN LABORATORIO

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E/AMENES &%-c!ca$ ,8 108 13 40  14 REPORTES

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EN LA PRCTICA EN DONDE NO SE PRESENTEN8 NO RECIBIRN CALIFICACIÓN PARA EL REPORTE  EL TRABAO DE LABORATORIO CORRESPONDIENTE. A DIC@A PRCTICA. LAS PRCTICAS DE E/AMEN NO DEBERN DE INCLUIRSE EN LOS REPORTES. LAS PRCTICAS DE E/AMEN DEBERN DE ENTREGAR EL RESULTADO SOLICITADO EL MISMO DÍA DE SU REALI=ACIÓN EN LOS TIEMPOS INDICADOS.


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MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO 1. OBSERACIÓN DE LA DILUCIÓN. O6$e%"a% c+5+ ca56!a )a !(e($!#a# #e c+)+%  $e(!% e) ca56!+ #e e5&e%a;%a H;e +c;%%e( c;a(#+ $e %ea)!a( a)*;(a$ #!);c!+(e$ + $e K+%5a( $+);c!+(e$. La$ e$&ec!e$ H;5!ca$ !e(e( &%+&!e#a#e$ '&!ca$8 )a 5-$ ;!)!a#a e$ )a 5e#!c!'( #e c+)+%e$ "!$!6)e$8 c+5e(a% ace%ca #e )a Ne$$)e%+5e%a e( &a%!c;)a%  )a e$&ec%+5e%a e( *e(e%a). L+$ c+5e(a%!+$ $!5&)e$ &e%+ c+(;(#e(e$. N+ e$ (ece$a%!+ $ea)a% eJ&)c!a5e(e )a$ )ee$ #e c+5&+%a5!e(+8 e$ (ece$a%!+ ;!)!a% )a$ +6$e%"ac!+(e$ e"!#e(e$ H;e %ea)!a( )+$ e$;#!a(e$.

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1.- S +i$"& /%+% # a"a / !%$tri%r*#t $ *c&a $ta $%&"ci'# c%# ttrac&%r"r% + car5%#% $ ra&ia # +%$ r$i%#$. E# &a !ri*ra $ *c&a# + *a#ra !r*a##t "ti&ia#+% &a aitaci'# *a#"a& !ara &&% # &a $"#+a $ +:a ," & !r%c$% %c"rra &i5r*#t. E$ i*!%rta#t %5$rar +t#i+a*#t &%$ ca*5i%$ ," %c"rr# / ," r$"&ta# *"/ i+#t$ a &a i$ta. P%+rá %5$rar$ & *%i*i#t% +& $i$t*a !ara a&ca#ar $" $ta+% + ,"i&i5ri%. .- E# ca+a *5"+% + $!araci'# i#tr%+"cir &a *ita+ + &a $%&"ci'# ac"%$a + /%+% c%# c"i+a+% / &#ta*#t a+ici%#ar 10 *& + ttrac&%r"r% + car5%#%. U#% + &%$ *5"+%$ + $!araci'# +:ar&% $i# ta!a / c%&%car&% c%# *"c7% c"i+a+% # & ar% +& $%!%rt ," $ 7a i#$ta&a+% c%*i#c a c%#tar & ti*!% / %5$r. E& %tr% *5"+% $rá crra+% c%# $" ta!'# / aita+% + *a#ra c%#ti#"a c"i+ + +i$*i#"ir &a !r$i'# ," $ a 8%r*a#+% %ri#ta#+% &a !"#ta +& *5"+% 7acia arri5a c%# "#a &ira i#c&i#aci'# / a5ri#+% &a &&a +$!";$ + "# ti*!% &a$ $%&"ci%#$ #% *%+i8ica# *á$ $" c%&%r !%#r&% a r!%$ar # & %tr% ar% / +$!";$ + ," &a$ 8a$$ ,"+# $!ara+a$ !%+*%$ %5$rar & !"#t% 8i#a& a& ," 7a5r*%$ + &&ar c%# & $i$t*a ," $tá act"a#+% + *a#ra &i5r. <"a#+% &%$ +%$ $i$t*a$ i"a&# &%$ t%#%$ + &a$ 8a$$ +:#

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1.- Mc&ar &a$ $%&"ci%#$ + /%+at% + !%ta$i% / + /%+"r% + !%ta$i% c%# 1 *& + $%&"ci'# + $%$a ," $ a!r%i*a+a*#t 0.1 M= %5rar &% ," %c"rr. G%ta a %ta arar $%&"ci'# + áci+% c&%r72+ric% a!r%i*a+a*#t 0.1 M / %5$rar &% ," %c"rr c"a#+% i$ta "# ca*5i% i+#t arar "# *& *á$ + &a $%&"ci'# + áci+% c&%r72+ric% %5$rar &% ," %c"rr / %&r &a *"$tra. Arar a7%ra $%&"ci'# + $%$a 7a$ta #c%#trar ca*5i%$ i+#t$ / r $i $ !"+ rr$ar a &a$ c%#+ici%#$ + i#ici%.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO 4. LAS CONDICIONES DEL MEDIO. E( )a "e)+c!#a# #e ;(a %eacc!'(  e( )a &+$!6!)!#a# #e +c;%%e(c!a &;e#e !(K);!% a56!( e) 5e#!+ #e 5a(e%a $;$a(c!a). D+$ e$&ec!e$ H;5!ca$ ca&ace$ #e %eacc!+(a% a) 5ec)a%$e e( ;( 5e#!+ !(a#ec;a#+ (+ e(#%-( )a %eac!"!#a# e$&e%a#a8 $!( e56a%*+ a) !5&+(e% )a$ c+(#!c!+(e$ #e) 5e#!+ '&!5a$ e) &%+ce$+ $e #e$a%%+))a%-  )a %eacc!'( &+#%- $e% !#e(!K!ca#a8 &a%a e))+ $e ;!)!a ;( !(#!ca#+%. E( e$e ca$+ $e 5ec)a%-( #+$ $+);c!+(e$ H;e c+(!e(e( Ma*(e$!+  EDTA8 $e*( %e&+%a )a )!e%a;%a a56a$ e$&ec!e$ $+( ca&ace$ #e %eacc!+(a%8 $e %ec+5!e(#a ;( 5e#!+ 6-$!c+ &a%a H;e )a %eacc!'( e(*a 6;e( #e$e5&e+. La %eacc!'( $e ac+5&aa #e +%a e( )a c;a) e) Ma*(e$!+ e( )a 5e(+% ca(!#a# &+$!6)e %eacc!+(a c+( e) E%!+c%+5+ Ne*%+ T ENT K+%5a(#+ ;( c+5&;e$+ c+)+%!#+8 a(e )a a;$e(c!a #e !'( Ma*(e$!+ )!6%e e) ENT ca56!a #e c+)+%. Se &%e&a%a ;(a $+);c!'( #e !'( Ma*(e$!+  ENT8 $e $e&a%a e( #+$ %ec!&!e(e$8 e( ;(+ $e a#!c!+(a @C)  e( +%+ a5+(ac+8 #e$&;$ #e a56a$ a#!c!+(e$ $e a*%e*a e) EDTA  $e +6$e%"a H;e +c;%%e c+( )a a#!c!'( $;ce$!"a #e EDTA. 1.- La $%&"ci'# + *a#$i% / ENT $ $!ara # +%$ 8racci%#$ + i"a& ta*a>% a!r%i*a+a*#t c%&%ca#+% a ca+a "#a + &&a$ # & *atra EM a "#a + &&a$ & ara*%$ 10 %ta$ + ?<& / a &a %tra 10 %ta$ + a*%#iac%. A &a *"$tra ," c%#ti# & a*%#iac% & ara*%$ %ta a %ta $%&"ci'# + EDTA &a$ c%#ta*%$ / %5$ra*%$ c"a#+% %c"rra & ca*5i% + c%&%r + &a $%&"ci'# c%#ta*%$ & #*r% + %ta$ a>a+i+a$ / &% a#%ta*%$ !ara rc%r+ar&%. A7%ra # & rci!i#t aci+"&a+% ara*%$ $%&"ci'# + EDTA 7a$ta a&ca#ar & #*r% + %ta$ i"a&$ a &a$ ," a$t' &a *"$tra a*%#iaca& $"i*%$ a+ici%#a#+% / *%$ ," %c"rr.

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1.- Mc&ar &a $%&"ci'# + c&%r"r% + $%+i% c%# #itrat% + !&ata %5$rar &% ," %c"rr= a+ici%#ar a7%ra $%&"ci'# + /%+"r% + !%ta$i% / %5$rar &% ," %c"rr. E# "#a #"a *c&a a+ici%#ar a& #itrat% + !&ata # !ri*r &"ar & /%+"r% + !%ta$i% %5$rar &"% arar & c&%r"r% + $%+i% / %5$rar.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO 6. REACCIONES QUE OCURREN. Re$;)a c+5( $;&+(e% H;e a) 5ec)a% ;( -c!#+ c+( ;( 5ea) +c;%%a ;(a %eacc!'(8 )a c;a) $e ";e)"e e"!#e(e &+% )a +J!#ac!'( #e) 5ea) H;e $e %a($K+%5a e( !'(8 c+5+ e) -c!#+ (+%5a)5e(e $e a#!c!+(a e( $+);c!'( H;e !e(e c+5+ #!$+)"e(e e) a*;a8 +c;%%e H;e e) 5ea) +J!#a#+ $e !(c+%&+%a a )a $+);c!'(. E( e) eJ&e%!5e(+ $e &%ee(#e 5+$%a% H;e c;a(#+ $e 5ec)a ;( -c!#+  ;( 5ea)8 (+ $!e5&%e +c;%%e )+ 5!$5+. O6$e%"e c;!#a#+$a5e(e +#+$ )+$ ac+(ec!5!e(+$ H;e $e &%e$e(a( e( ca#a e($a+.

1.- <%&%," "#a !ia + c%5r # ca+a "#% + +%$ rci!i#t$ a "#% + &&%$ ar" ( *& + áci+% #2tric% c%#c#tra+% c%*i#c a c%#tar & ti*!% / %5$r &% ," %c"rr +: + c%#tar & ti*!% c"a#+% /a #% %c"rra #i## ca*5i% # & $i$t*a= . A7%ra # & %tr% rci!i#t # +%#+ 7a c%&%ca+% &a %tra !ia + c%5r ar" ( *& + áci+% c&%r72+ric% c%#c#tra+% c"#t & ti*!% / %5$r. D: + c%#tar c"a#+% /a #% %c"rra #i## ca*5i%. 3.- R!ita & !r%c+i*i#t% a7%ra c%&%ca#+% # ca+a "#% + +%$ rci!i#t$ "# tr%% + 7irr% % + ra#a&&a + i#c ara#+% ( *& + áci+% #2tric% c%#c#tra+% a "#% / ( *& + áci+% c&%r72+ric% c%#c#tra+% a %tr%.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO @. LAS CONDICIONES DEL MEDIO II. E( )a "e)+c!#a# #e ;(a %eacc!'(  e( )a &+$!6!)!#a# #e +c;%%e(c!a &;e#e !(K);!% a56!( e) 5e#!+ #e 5a(e%a $;$a(c!a). D+$ e$&ec!e$ H;5!ca$ ca&ace$ #e %eacc!+(a% a) 5ec)a%$e e( ;( 5e#!+ !(a#ec;a#+ (+ e(#%-( )a %eac!"!#a# e$&e%a#a8 $!( e56a%*+ a) !5&+(e% )a$ c+(#!c!+(e$ #e) 5e#!+ '&!5a$ e) &%+ce$+ $e #e$a%%+))a%-  )a %eacc!'( &+#%- $e% !#e(!K!ca#a8 &a%a e))+ $e ;!)!a ;( !(#!ca#+% + &+% ;( e"e(+ K$!c+ &e%ce&!6)e a )+$ $e(!#+$. E( e$e ca$+ $e 5ec)a%-( #+$ $+);c!+(e$ H;e c+(!e(e( !+(e$ #e ca)c!+  +Ja)a+8 $e*( %e&+%a )a )!e%a;%a a56a$ e$&ec!e$ $+( ca&ace$ #e %eacc!+(a%  K+%5a( ;( &%ec!&!a#+8 $e %ec+5!e(#a H;e )a 5ec)a (+ $e &%e&a%e e( 5e#!+ -c!#+ &a%a H;e )a %eacc!'( e(*a 6;e( #e$e5&e+. Se &%e&a%a ;(a $+);c!'( #e !'( ca)c!+8 $e $e&a%a e( #+$ %ec!&!e(e$8 e( ;(+ $e a#!c!+(a @C)  e( +%+ a5+(ac+8 #e$&;$ #e a56a$ a#!c!+(e$ $e a*%e*a e) +Ja)a+8 +6$e%"a(#+ )+ H;e +c;%%e e( ca#a ca$+8 + 6!e( c+5+ +c;%%!%- e( e$e ca$+ )a 5!$5a 5;e$%a $e ))e"a%- #e 5e#!+ -c!#+ a 5e#!+ 6-$!c+ &+% )a #e$c+5&+$!c!'( #e )a ;%ea8  );e*+ $e %e*%e$a%- a) 5e#!+ -c!#+. C+(K!%5a(#+ c+( e))+ )a +c;%%e(c!a #e )a %eacc!'(  )a %e"e%$!6!)!#a# #e) &%+ce$+. 1.- Mc&ar &a$ $%&"ci%#$ + c&%r"r% + ca&ci% áci+% c&%r72+ric% / %a&at% + a*%#i% arar &a "ra / ca&#tar *%+ra+a*#t 9a "#%$ 60  c#t2ra+%$)= %5$rar &% ," %c"rr. <"a#+% $ t#a# i#$tr"cci%#$ arar áci+% c&%r72+ric% c%#c#tra+% %ta a %ta / %5$rar.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO . CONDUCTIIDAD. O6$e%"a% )a ca&ac!#a# #e c+(#;cc!'( #e e(e%*a e)c%!ca &+% #!$!(a$ e$&ec!e$. U!)!ce $')!#+$  )H;!#+$ #!"e%$+$8 a$ c+5+ $+);c!+(e$. P;e#e +6$e%"a%$e e) !(c%e5e(+ e( )a !(e($!#a# );5!(+$a a56!(8 &+(!e(#+ e) $!$e5a e)c%!c+ e( a*;a #e$!)a#a  a*%e*a(#+ &+c+ a &+c+ $a) c+5(.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN AL CURSO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA. EXPERIMENTO B. CELDA ELECTROQUÍMICA. E) &a$+ #e c+%%!e(e e)c%!ca a %a"$ #e ;(a $+);c!'( &;e#e &%+#;c!% %a($K+%5ac!+(e$ H;5!ca$ +6$e%"a6)e$ c;a(#+ $e a&)!ca c+%%!e(e #!%eca a )a $+);c!'( &+% 5e#!+ #e #+$ e)ec%+#+$ H;e $e &+)a%!a(8 e( e) &+)+ &+$!!"+ +c;%%!%- ;(a +J!#ac!'(  e( e) (e*a!"+ ;(a %e#;cc!'(. P;e#e( %eacc!+(a% +#a$ )a$ e$&ec!e$ #e) $!$e5a $+)"e(e8 $+);+ + e)ec%+#+$. Pa%a e$e eJ&e%!5e(+ $e &%e&a%a ;(a $+);c!'( #e $;)Ka+ c&%!c+ e( a*;a8 a e))a $e )e a&)!ca%- )a #!Ke%e(c!a #e &+e(c!a) H;e &%+"ea ;(a &!)a #e a) 5e(+$ 1.7 "+)!+$8 ;!)!a(#+ ;( e)ec%+#+ #e c+6%e  +%+ #e c;a)H;!e% +%+ c+(#;c+% $')!#+. Se %ea)!a%- e) eJ&e%!5e(+ %ea)!a(#+ )a$ c+(eJ!+(e$ e( a56a$ +&c!+(e$ #e &+)a%!ac!'( &a%a )+$ e)ec%+#+$  $e +6$e%"a%-( )+$ ca56!+$  )a$ #!Ke%e(c!a$ H;e $e &%e$e(e(. 1.- <%#ctar ca+a !%&% + &a !i&a a "#a + &a$ +%$ !ia$ *tá&ica$ ," $rá# "ti&ia+a$ c%*% &ctr%+%$= & !%&% #ati% + &a !i&a a &a !ia + c%5r / & !%$iti% a &a +& %tr% *ta&. I#tr%+"cir a*5%$ &ctr%+%$ a &a $%&"ci'# + $"&8at% c!ric% c"i+a#+% ," $%&a*#t &%$ &ctr%+%$ ,"+# +#tr% + &a $%&"ci'#. O5$rar &% ," %c"rr # &%$ &ctr%+%$ / # &a $%&"ci'#. .- R!tir & !r%c+i*i#t% c%# +%$ #"%$ &ctr%+%$ !r% a7%ra c%#cta#+% & !%&% !%$iti% + &a !i&a a &a !ia + c%5r. O5$rar c%# +t#i*i#t% &a $%&"ci'# / &%$ &ctr%+%$.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. EJ&e%!5e(+ 1. 1. a P%e&a%a% ;(a $+);c!'( c+( 0.7 *%a5+$ #e &e%5a(*a(a+ #e &+a$!+  5ec)a% c+( 20 5) #e a*;a8 a&%+J!5a#a5e(e. De aH; +5a% #+$ 5!)!)!%+$  5ec)a% c+( 9 5) #e a*;a8 #e )a )!5a $+);c!'( +6e(!#a +5a% #+$ 5)  5ec)a% c+( 9 #e a*;a  a$ c+($ec;!"a5e(e ha$a e(e% 10 $+);c!+(e$. O6$e%"a% )+ H;e +c;%%e c;a(#+ $e c+)+ca( e( K+%5a +%#e(a#a e( ca#a ;(+ #e $;$ %ec!&!e(e$ ;6+$ #e e($ae +%#e(a#+$ e( ;(a *%a#!))a. A(+a% +6$e%"ac!+(e$. 6 Mec)a% ;(a )e(ea #e $+$a c+( 10 5) #e a*;a8 #!$+)"e%  +ca% e) %ec!&!e(e. A(+a% )+ H;e +c;%%e. c Mec)a% ;(a &!ca #e c)+%;%+ #e a5+(!+ c+( 10 5) #e a*;a8 #!$+)"e%  +ca% e) %ec!&!e(e. S r,"irC 1 ra+i&&a 1 t"5%$ + #$a/ 1 !i!ta ra+"a+a + ( *&  &itr% + a"a 1 &#t:a + $%$a /  ra*% + c&%r"r% + a*%#i%.  a$%$ + !rci!ita+%$ + 100 *&. EJ&e%!5e(+ 2. 1. Se #!$;e)"e +#+ e( a*;a  &+$e%!+%5e(e $e 5ec)a e$a $+);c!'( c+( e%ac)+%;%+ #e ca%6+(+8 $e %ea)!a e( #+$ "e%$!+(e$. E( )a &%!5e%a $e 5ec)a( #e 5a(e%a &e%5a(e(e ;!)!a(#+ )a a*!ac!'( 5a(;a) &a%a e))+8 e( )a $e*;(#a $e #ea H;e e) &%+ce$+ +c;%%a )!6%e5e(e. E$ !5&+%a(e +6$e%"a% #ee(!#a5e(e )+$ ca56!+$ H;e +c;%%e(  H;e %e$;)a( 5; e"!#e(e$ a )a "!$a. P+#%- +6$e%"a%$e e) 5+"!5!e(+ #e) $!$e5a &a%a a)ca(a% $; e$a#+ #e eH;!)!6%!+. 2. E( ca#a e56;#+ #e $e&a%ac!'( !(%+#;c!% )a 5!a# #e )a $+);c!'( ac;+$a #e +#+8 c+( c;!#a#+  )e(a5e(e a#!c!+(a% 10 5) #e e%ac)+%;%+ #e ca%6+(+. U(+ #e )+$ e56;#+$ #e $e&a%ac!'( #ea%)+ $!( a&a  c+)+ca%)+ c+( 5;ch+ c;!#a#+ e( e) a%+ #e) $+&+%e H;e $e ha !($a)a#+8 c+5!e(ce a c+(a% e) !e5&+  +6$e%"e. E) +%+ e56;#+ $e%- ce%%a#+ c+( $; a&'(  a*!a#+ #e 5a(e%a c+(!(;a8 c;!#e #e #!$5!(;!% )a &%e$!'( H;e $e "a K+%5a(#+ +%!e(a(#+ )a &;(a #e) e56;#+ hac!a a%%!6a c+( ;(a )!*e%a !(c)!(ac!'(  a6%!e(#+ )a ))a"e8 #e$&;$ #e ;( !e5&+ )a$ $+);c!+(e$ (+ 5+#!K!ca( 5-$ $; c+)+%8 &+(e%)+ a %e&+$a% e( e) +%+ a%+  #e$&;$ #e H;e )a$ Ka$e$ H;e#e( $e&a%a#a$ &+#e5+$ +6$e%"a% e) &;(+ K!(a) a) H;e ha6%e5+$ #e ))e*a% c+( e) $!$e5a H;e e$- ac;a(#+ #e 5a(e%a )!6%e. C;a(#+ )+$ #+$ $!$e5a$ !*;a)e( )+$ +(+$ #e )a$ Ka$e$ #ee( #e c+(a% e) !e5&+. S r,"irC

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. ac!#;)a#+ a*%e*a5+$ $+);c!'( #e EDTA ha$a a)ca(a% e) (5e%+ #e *+a$ !*;a)e$ a )a$ H;e *a$' )a 5;e$%a a5+(!aca)8 $e*;!5+$ a#!c!+(a(#+  "e5+$ H;e +c;%%e. S r,"irC  a$%$ + !rci!ita+%$ + 100 *& 1 %tr% 3 !i!ta$ ra+"a+a$ + ( *& $%&"ci'# + ?<& $%&"ci'# + a*%#iac% "#a !ica + Eri%cr%*% Nr% T $%&"ci'# + ca&ci% $%&"ci'# + EDTA. EJ&e%!5e(+ 7. 7. Mec)a% )a $+);c!'( #e c)+%;%+ #e $+#!+ c+( (!%a+ #e &)aa8 +6$e%"a% )+ H;e +c;%%e a#!c!+(a% ah+%a $+);c!'( #e +#;%+ #e &+a$!+  +6$e%"a% )+ H;e +c;%%e. S r,"irC  t"5%$ + #$a/ 3 !i!ta$ ra+"a+a$ + ( *& 3 a$%$ + !rci!ita+%$ + (0 *&  &itr% + a"a +$ti&a+a. S%&"ci%#$ + c&%r"r% + $%+i% /%+"r% + !%ta$i% / #itrat% + !&ata. EJ&e%!5e(+ ,. 1. C+)+H;e ;(a &!ea #e c+6%e e( ca#a ;(+ #e #+$ %ec!&!e(e$8 a ;(+ #e e))+$ a*%e*;e 7 5) #e -c!#+ (%!c+ c+(ce(%a#+8 c+5!e(ce a c+(a% e) !e5&+  +6$e%"e )+ H;e +c;%%e8 #ee #e c+(a% e) !e5&+ c;a(#+ a (+ +c;%%a (!(*( ca56!+ e( e) $!$e5a 2. Ah+%a e( e) +%+ %ec!&!e(e e( #+(#e ha c+)+ca#+ )a +%a &!ea #e c+6%e a*%e*;e 7 5) #e -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ c+(ce(%a#+8 c;e(e e) !e5&+  +6$e%"e. Dee #e c+(a% c;a(#+ a (+ +c;%%a (!(*( ca56!+. 3. Re&!a e) &%+ce#!5!e(+ ah+%a c+)+ca(#+ e( ca#a ;(+ #e #+$ %ec!&!e(e$ ;( %++ #e h!e%%+8 a*%e*a(#+ 7 5) #e -c!#+ (%!c+ c+(ce(%a#+ a ;(+  7 5) #e -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ c+(ce(%a#+ a +%+. S r,"irC 4 a$%$ + !rci!ita+%$ + 100 *&  !i!ta$ ra+"a+a$ + ( *&  tr%%$ + c%5r *tá&ic% /  tr%%$ + 7irr% *tá&ic% ( *& + áci+% c&%r72+ric% c%#c#tra+% / ( *& + áci+% #2tric% c%#c#tra+%. EJ&e%!5e(+ . 1. Mec)a% )a$ $+);c!+(e$ #e c)+%;%+ #e ca)c!+8 -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+  +Ja)a+ #e a5+(!+8 a*%e*a% )a ;%ea  ca)e(a% 5+#e%a#a5e(e a ;(+$ ,0  ce(*%a#+$ +6$e%"a% )+ H;e +c;%%e. C;a(#+ $e e(*a(

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. )+$ e)ec%+#+$ H;e#e( #e(%+ #e )a $+);c!'(. O6$e%"a% )+ H;e +c;%%e e( )+$ e)ec%+#+$  e( )a $+);c!'(. 2. Re&e!% e) &%+ce#!5!e(+ c+( #+$ (;e"+$ e)ec%+#+$ &e%+ ah+%a c+(eca(#+ e) &+)+ &+$!!"+ #e )a &!)a a )a &!ea #e c+6%e. O6$e%"a% c+( #ee(!5!e(+ )a $+);c!'(  )+$ e)ec%+#+$. S r,"irC  a$%$ + !rci!ita+%$ + (0 *& +%$ !ia$ + c%5r 9a&a*5r &á*i#a t"5% % &&a) + "#%$ tr$ c#t2*tr%$ + &ar% +%$ !ia$ + c"a&,"ir %tr% *ta& 9a&a*5r &á*i#a c&a% t%r#i&&%) + "#%$ tr$ c#t2*tr%$ + &ar% +%$ :"%$ + !i#a$ cai*á# / "#a !i&a ti& + a& *#%$ 1.( %&ti%$.


PRUEBAS RÁPIDAS DE ANÁLISIS CUALITATIVO. E) +6e!"+ #e )a$ $!*;!e(e$ &%;e6a$ e$ #eeca% ca#a e)e5e(+ e( &%e$e(c!a #e ca(!#a#e$ e(%e c!e(  5!) "ece$ 5a+%e$ #e c;a)H;!e%a #e )+$ %e$a(e$8 &+% a(+8 a e)e5e(+$ c;a c+(ce(%ac!'( e( e) $')!#+ &%!5!!"+ e$ c+5&%e(#!#a e(%e e) 100 &+% 100  e) 1 + e) 081 &+% 100. S!e(#+8 e( *e(e%a) )a c+(ce(%ac!'( +a) #e !+(e$ 5e-)!c+$ #e ;(a $+);c!'( &%e&a%a#a &a%a e) a(-)!$!$ #e) +%#e( #e 10 000 &&5 )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e ca#a !+( a !#e(!K!ca% e$a%c+5&%e(#!#a e(%e 10 000  10010 &&5. E$+ eJc);e8 e( &%!(c!&!+8 e) a(-)!$!$ #e %aa$8 H;e c+($!;e ;( &%+6)e5a #!$!(+8 +#a "e H;e (+ !e(e $e(!#+ 5-$ H;e e( e) ca$+ #e H;e )+$ %e$;)a#+$ $e eJ&%e$e( e( K+%5a c;a(!a!"a + $e5!c;a(!a!"a. Se &%+&+(e( e($a+$ #e ca%ace%!ac!'( H;e &%e$e(e( )a$ $!*;!e(e$ ca%ace%$!ca$ 1 Especificidad o selectividad. La$ %eacc!+(e$ $+(. e( $; 5aD+% &a%e8 Da c+(+c!#a$Q &a%a a#a&a%)a$ a) 5N+#+ ha $!#+ (ece$a%!+ hace%)a$ e$&ecGK!ca$8 )+ H;e $e ha %ea)!a#+ 5e#!a(e K+%5ac!'( #e c+5&)eO+$8 K!Oac!'( #e) pH + #e) &+e(c!a) %e#+J8 acc!'( #e #!$+)"e(e$ +%*-(!c+$8 ec. E( c!e%+$ ca$+$8 ;(a %eacc!'( (a#a 5-$ H;e $e)ec!"a &;e#e $e% #e *%a( ;!)!#a#. 2 Concentración limite. Se &%+c;%a c;a(#+ e$ &+$!6)e a)ca(a% ;(a c+(ce(%ac!'( )G5!e #e) +%#e( #e 10 &&5. E) eJce$+ D )a Ka)a #e $e($!6!)!#a# $+(8 e( ;(a %eacc!'(8 #+$ !(c+("e(!e(e$ !*;a)5e(e &e%O;#!c!a)e$. P+% eOe5&)+8 5;ch+$ 5ea)e$ #a( c+5&)e+$ c+)+%ea#+$ c+( )a #!!+(a8 

a)*;(a$ #e e$a$ c+)+%ac!+(e$ &;e#e( ))e*a% a hace%$e e$&ecK!ca$ &e%+ )a $e($!6!)!#a# #e e$+$ e($a+$ e$8 e( *e(e%a)8 a( a)a H;e &a%a a)*;(+$ e)e5e(+$ 5e-)!c+$ a5&)!a5e(e #!K;(#!#+$ $e +6!e(e( $!e5&%e %e$;)a#+$ &+$!!"+$8 !(c);$+ e( %eac!"+$ #e &;%ea a(a)!ca.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Sea)e5+$ K!(a)5e(e H;e e) 5+#+8 ;(a "e 6!e( c+(+c!#+  a#a&a#+ a )+$ &%+6)e5a$ &a%!c;)a%e$ #e ca#a )a6+%a+%!+8 &+#%- c+(K!a%$e8 $!( ;( )a%*+ a&%e(#!ae8 a &e%$+(a) a;J!)!a%8 !(c);$+ &+c+ eJ&e%!5e(a#+.

1) I#$tiaci'# + r+"ct%r$ #;ric%$ F$ta>% $ta##%$%C S#9II) A;) #e Me!)e(+. Reacc!'( E( $+);c!'( #e -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ M8 e) a;) #e 5e!)e(+ $e %e#;ce &+% )a acc!'( #e %e#;c+%e$ $;K!c!e(e5e(e e(%*!c+$8 c+( K+%5ac!'( #e )a )e;c+K+%5a !(c+)+%a. Reac!"+ S+);c!'( #e a;) #e 5e!)e(+ #e 0.1 * &+% )!%+ e( -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ M 110. E($a+ S+6%e ;(a *+a #e) %eac!"+8 e( &)aca8 $e a*%e*a ;(a *+a #e $+);c!'( a e($aa%  $e e$&e%a. La #ec+)+%ac!'( !(#!ca )a &%e$e(c!a #e ;( %e#;c+% e(%*!c+8 e$&ec!a)5e(e S(II. P;e#e %ea)!a%$e ;(a c+5&a%ac!'( c+( ;( 6)a(c+ c+(e(!e(#+ ;(a *+a #e a*;a  ;(a *+a #e %eac!"+. C+(ce(%ac!'( )5!e. 40 &&5 &a%a S(II c+( e($a+ e( 6)a(c+. E) ca56!+ #e c+)+% e$ e(+(ce$ "!$!6)e a) ca6+ #e c!(c+ 5!(;+$. E$&ec!K!c!#a# E) a;) #e 5e!)e(+ e$ ;( !(#!ca#+% %e#+J a) H;e %e#;ce( (;5e%+$a$ $;$a(c!a$8 c+5+ T!II8 C%II8 II8 S(II8 ec. S! $e +&e%a c+( ;(a $+);c!'( (+ &%e$e%"a#a #e) c+(ac+ c+( )a a5'$Ke%a8 )+$ (!c+$ !+(e$ %e#;c+%e$ H;e e$-( &%e$e(e$8 e( *e(e%a)8 $+( S(II8 I8 FeII8 UI8 8 a "ece$8 T!III )a %eacc!'( e$ e(+(ce$ e$&ecK!ca #e S(II.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Reacción. E( 5e#!+ -c!#+8 )a$ $a)e$ #e 5a(*a(e$+ II $+( +J!#a#a$ a &e%5a(*a(a+8

M(OV8 "!+)ea %++8 c+( &e%$;)Ka+ e( &%e$e(c!a #e !+(e$ &)aa )a$ $a)e$ #e c%+5+ III $+( $!5;)-(ea5e(e +J!#a#a$ a #!c%+5a+8 C% 2O2. a(a%a(a#+. Pa%a +6$e%"a% e) c+)+% #e) #!c%+5a+8 $e %e#;ce8 $! e$ (ece$a%!+8 e) &e%5a(*a(a+  $e eJ%ae e) -c!#+ c%'5!c+ c+( ;( #!$+)"e(e. Reactivos.

Pe%$;)Ka+ a5'(!c+ $')!#+. N!%a+ #e &)aa. 270 * &+% )!%+. Ac!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ 4 M 13. @eJ+(a 5e!)!$+6;!)ce+(a. Ensayo. E( ;( 5!c%+c+(+8 a 1 *+a #e $+);c!'( a e($aa% $e a*%e*a (!%a+ #e &)aa ha$a &%ec!&!ac!'( +a) #e )+$ !+(e$ c)+%;%+ 2 *+a$ $+( $;K!c!e(e$8 e( *e(e%a)8 3 *+a$ #e -c!#+ (%!c+ c+(ce(%a#+  ;(+$ c%!$a)e$ #e &e%$;)Ka+8 ca)e(a(#+ K!(a)5e(e %e!(a $e*;(#+$ e( 6a+ #e Ma%a. Mn(II). E( &%e$e(c!a #e 5a(*a(e$+ II a&a%ece e) c+)+% "!+)ea %++ #e) &e%5a(*a(a+. Concentración límite. 3 &&5. S! (+ $e #e$ea !("e$!*a% c+(e(!#+$ a( 6a+$ #e 5a(*a(e$+8 #e6e #!);!%$e )a $+);c!'( a(e$ #e) e($a+. Especificidad. La %eacc!'( e$ e$&ecK!ca.

S! ha a)a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e !+(e$ C)W8 e$ (ece$a%!+ a*%e*a% *%a(#e$ ca(!#a#e$ #e $a) #e &)aa &a%a $; &%ec!&!ac!'( +a). E( e$e ca$+8 #e6e $e% e)!5!(a#+ &%e"!a5e(e e) c)+%h#%!c+ &+% ca)e(a5!e(+ e( &%e$e(c!a #e -c!#+ $;)K%!c+ #!);!#+. S! )a $+);c!'( e$ #e5a$!a#+ c+(ce(%a#a e( !+(e$ M(2X 5-$ #e 700 &&58 e) M(O K+%5a#+ &;e#e $e% %e#;c!#+ &+% e) M(2 X %e$a(e8 c+( &%ec!&!ac!'( #e) #!'J!#+ &a%#+ (e*%+. E( e$e ca$+8 #e6e #!);!%$e )a $+);c!'(. E( &%e$e(c!a #e ;( *%a( eJce$+ #e &e%$;)Ka+  #e $a) #e &)aa8 &%ec!&!a )e(a5e(e A*O (e*%+.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. TIO
%+a #e6!#a a )a K+%5ac!'( #e c+5&)e+$. La c+)+%ac!'( $e eJ%ae e( heJ+(a &a$a(#+ a "!+)ea %+a. La$ $a)e$ #e c+6a)+ #a(8 e( &%e$e(c!a #e ;(a *%a( c+(ce(%ac!'( #e !+c!a(a+8 ;(a c+)+%ac!'( a;) #e6!#a a )a K+%5ac!'( #e c+5&)e+$8 H;e $+( 5;ch+ 5-$ e$a6)e$ e( 5e#!+ &+c+ #!$+c!a(e  $+);6)e$ e( heJ+(a c+( c+)+%ac!'( a;). Reactivos.

S+);c!'( $a;%a#a #e !+c!a(a+ a5'(!c+ a&%+J!5a#a5e(e 1,0 * #e $a) &+% 100 * #e a*;a. @eJ+(a 5e!)!$+6;!)ce+(a. F);+%;%+ $'#!c+ $')!#+. Ensayo. E( ;( 5!c%+;6+8 a 1 *+a #e $+);c!'( $e a*%e*a 1 *+a #e !+c!a(a+. A&a%ece

)a c+)+%ac!'( %+a #e6!#a a) h!e%%+ K%%!c+. La c+)+%ac!'( #e) c+6a)+ e$ &+c+ $e($!6)e. Se a*%e*a e(+(ce$8 &+c+ a &+c+8 K);+%;%+ $'#!c+ ha$a #e$a&a%!c!'( #e )+$ c+)+%e$ +%!*!(a#+$ &+% e) Fe)II  +%+$ !+(e$ !(e%Ke%e(e$. Se aa#e( $e*;!#a5e(e 3 ' 4 *+a$ #e heJ+(a  $e a*!a. A&a%ece e( e) #!$+)"e(e e) c+)+% a;) #e6!#+ a) c+6a)+. Concentraciones límite. 3 &&5 #e FeI)I. E( a;$e(c!a #e #!$+)"e(e +%*-(!c+. 1 000

&&5 #e C+)) e( &%e$e(c!a #e heJ+(a. 27 &&5 #e C+II. Nota sobre las reacciones con tiocianato. N;5e%+$+$ !+(e$ #a( e( 5e#!+ -c!#+ c+5&)e+$

c+)+%ea#+$. Se !(#!ca( a c+(!(;ac!'( )a$ $e($!6!)!#a#e$. La a;$e(c!a #e c+)+%ac!'( &e%5!e a$e*;%a% )a a;$e(c!a #e )+$ $!*;!e(e$ !+(e$ FeIII %++ 3 &&5 B!III a5a%!))+ #+%a#+ 40 U1 a5a%!))+ 200 C+II a;) 1 000 1 "!+)ea a a;) 700 T!I a(a%a(a#+ 1 000 C;)) &a%#+ 10 M+) %++ a(a%a(a#+ 100 Re)I %++ a(a%a(a#+ 200.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Especificidad. a$e Fe)). &-*. 23.

E( e) ca$+ #e H;e haa $!#+ $e&a%a#+ e) FeIII &+% eJ%acc!'(8 c+5+ $e ha !(#!ca#+ a(e%!+%5e(e8 $e a*%e*a( a )a Ka$e +%*-(!ca 1 *+a #e c)+%h!#%a+ #e h!#%+J!)a5!(a  1 *+a #e +Ke(a(%+)!(a. a*!a(#+ a c+(!(;ac!'(.

4 N2,"&C Ni DIMETILGLIOXIMA Reacción. La #!5e!)*)!+J!5a #a c+( )a$ $a)e$ #e (H;e)8 e( 5e#!+ (e;%+8 ac!c+ +

a5+(!aca)8 ;( &%ec!&!a#+ %++. Reactivos.

S+);c!'( a)c+h')!ca #e 10 * &+% )!%+ #e #!5e!)*)!+J!5a + $+);c!'( ac;+$a #e )a $a) $'#!ca. Acea+ $'#!c+ $')!#+. Ensayo. Se a*%e*a( a 1 *+a #e $+);c!'(8 e( &)aca #e *+a$8 ;(+$ c%!$a)e$ #e acea+ $'#!c+  2 *+a$ #e %eac!"+. Concentración límite. 3 &&5. Especificidad. FeIII8 C;II  M(II #a( c+)+%ac!+(e$ !(e%Ke%e(e$. I*;a)5e(e $e c+5&+%a ;(a e)e"a#a ca(!#a# #e C+II. E) FeII !(e%K!e%e e( &%e$e(c!a #e N@V8 #a(#+ ;( c+5&)e+ %++ c+( )a #!5e!)*)!+J!5a. De6e $e% +J!#a#+8 e( e$e ca$+8 c+( c%!$a)e$ #e &e%$;)Ka+ a5'(!c+. #eparación de !e($$$). Co(II) y C(II). E( 5e#!+ -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ % M. e) N!II (+ $e K!a $+6%e ;( !(e%ca56!a#+% a(!'(!c+8 5!e(%a$ H;e Fe@I8 C+II  C;II $+( %ee(!#+$. Reactivos.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. MER
Reacción. E) 5e%c;%!e%a!+c!a(a+. @*SCN!W8 #a. e( 5e#!+ -c!#+ #!);!#+ 0.1 A!8

&%ec!&!a#+$ c+( c!e%+$ !+(e$ C+I) $+)+8 a;) +$c;%+ =()) $+)+8 6)a(c+ C;I) $+)+8 "e%#e. E( &%e$e(c!a $!5;)-(ea #e "a%!+$ !+(e$8 e( c!e%a$ &%+&+%c!+(e$8 &;e#e( K+%5a%$e c%!$a)e$ 5!J+$ c+)+%ea#+$ C;II X =(II. 5a)"a a (e*%+ "!+)-ce+ + (e*%+ "e%#+$+. C+II X =()). a;) ce)e$e. C;II X C+II. "e%#e +$c;%+ a (e*%+. E( $+);c!'( c+(ce(%a#a 5-$ #e 30 000 &&5 &;e#e( K+%5a%$e +%+$ &%ec!&!a#+$. C#II. 6)a(c+ C+I) X C#II. a;) ce)e$e M(II X C;II. N!II X =(II8 N!II X C+II. +#+$ #e "e%#e +$c;%+ a (e*%+. E$+$ &%ec!&!a#+$ (+ $e K+%5a( $! $e ha( +6$e%"a#+ )a$ c+(#!c!+(e$ #e #!);c!'( e( )a &%e&a%ac!'( #e )a $+);c!'(. Reactivos. S+);c!'( #e 5e%c;%!e%a!+c!a(a+ a5'(!c+ C)+%;%+ 5e%c%!c+8 30 *. T!+c!a(a+ a5'(!c+8 33 * &+% 100 5). S+);c!+(e$ #e $;)Ka+ #e c+6%e #e 7 * &+% )!%+ D #e 1 * &+% )!%+. F);+%;%+ $'#!c+ $')!#+. Ensayo. E( ;(a 5!c%+c-&$;)a $e c+)+ca( 7 *+a$ #e $+);c!'(. 1 *+a #e $;)Ka+ #e c+6%e #e

1 * &+% )!%+  2 *+a$ #e 5e%c;%!!+c!a(a+. A c+(!(;ac!'( $e K%+a( )a$ &a%e#e$ c+( ;( a*!a#+%. Concentración límite. 10 &&5.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. &%+ce#e8 ;( &+c+ #e K);+%;%+ $'#!c+8  $e %ea)!a )a !("e$!*ac!'( #e) =(@ e( )a $+);c!'( a$ +6e(!#a. , Ti%$"&8at%C La $+);c!'( e$ )!*e%a5e(e ac!#a8 (e;)%a + a)ca)!(a.

1.
S+);c!'( a5&'( #e pH  \@2PO4 10 * X \ 2@PO4 10 * X a*;a8 100 5!. Reac!"+ +#++#;%+e(*%;#+ #e a)5!#'( T'5e($e 2 5! #e ;(a $+);c!'( #e +#+ 0.1 N +#+8 1.3 * X I\. 4 *. #!$;e))+$ e( 100 5! #e a*;a. A*%e*e$e ;(a $+);c!'( +6e(!#a #!$+)"!e(#+ e( ca)!e(a 2 * #e a)5!#'( $+);6)e e( 100 5! #e a*;a. L)"e$e a 700 5!. F+%5a)#eh#+ S+);c!'( a) 37 &+% 100. Ensayo. A 1 *+a #e $+);c!'( $e a*%e*a( 4 *+a$ #e) a5&'(. 2 *+a$ #e K+%5a)#eh#+  1 *+)a #e %eac)!"+. La #ec+)+%ac!'( e$ !(5e#!aa e( &%e$e(c!a #e !+$;)Ka+. Concentración límite. 30 &&5. Especificidad. L+$ $;)K!+$ (+ !(e%K!e%e(8 e( e$)a$ c+(#!c!+(e$8 ha$)a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e 10 * &+% )!%+8 #ec+)+%a(#+ e(+(ce$ e) %eac!"+ e( ;( 5!(;+. I(e%K!e%e( $;)K;%+$  Ke%%+c!a(;%+$. Se )+$ $e&a%a a) e$a#+ #e $a)e$ #e ca#5!+ &-*. ,0.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Especificidad. E) $e)e(!a+  e) K);+%+$!)!ca+ #e 6a%!+ &%ec!&!a( e( )a$ 5!$5a$

c+(#!c!+(e$. La &%ec!&!ac!'( #e) K);+%+$!)!ca+ e$ &+c+ $e($!6)e ;(a$ 10 000 &&5 e$&e%a(#+ c!(c+ 5!(;+$. Incompatibilidades. S! )a $+);c!'( e$ !(!c!a)5e(e &+c+ ac!#a8 (e;%a + a)ca)!(a8 a) ac!#!K!ca%)a e( e) e($aD+ &;e#e( $e% +J!#a#+$ )+$ $;)K;%+$8 $;)K!+$ D !+$;)Ka+$ &+% (;5e%+$+$ +J!#a(e$. L+$ &+)!$;)K;%+$ #a( ;( &%ec!&!a#+ #e a;K%e. P;e#e( $e&a%a%$e8 a) !e5&+ H;e )+$ $;)K;%+$8 c+( acea+ #e ca#5!+. L+$ $;)K!+$ D !+$;)Ka+$ $e #e$%;De( a) ac!#!K!ca% e( e) e($aD+. E) &e%$;)Ka+ #a8 e( ca)!e(e8 $;)Ka+.

) ?a&%#"r%$C P%ec!&!ac!'( #e ha)+*e(;%+$ #e &)aa e( 5e#!+ -c!#+ + (e;%+. L+$ !+(e$ #e )+$ ha)'*e(+$ e( $; K+%5a %e#;c!#a8 c)+%;%+8 6%+5;%+ e +#;%+8 $+( ca&ace$ #e %eacc!+(a% c+( )+$ !+(e$ &)aa8 e( c;a)H;!e% 5e#!+8 $!( e56a%*+ (+ %e$;)a %ec+5e(#a6)e #e$a%%+))a% e$a %eacc!'( e( 5e#!+ 6-$!c+8 #e6!#+ a H;e )a a)a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e !+(e$ +Jh!#%!)+ &%+5;e"e )a &%ec!&!ac!'( #e h!#%'J!#+ #e &)aa8 c+5&!!e(#+ c+( )a$ %eacc!+(e$ #e &%ec!&!ac!'( #e )+$ ha)+*e(;%+$. L+$ &%ec!&!a#+$ $+( !#e(!K!ca#+$ &+% $; c+)+%8 e) c)+%;%+ #e &)aa e$ 6)a(c+8 e) 6%+5;%+ #e &)aa e$ *%!$  e) +#;%+ #e &)aa e$ a5a%!))+. S+);c!'( #e (!%a+ #e &)aa 0.01 M. P%;e6a Se c+)+ca ;(a *+a #e $+);c!'( H;e c+(!e(e a )+$ ha)+*e(;%+$  $e a#!c!+(a ;(a *+a #e $+);c!'( #e (!%a+ #e &)aa.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. mesa $.

ENSAO DE REDU
ENSAO DE OXIDANTES ENRGI
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. mesa .

ENSAO DE MANGANESO 
ENSAO DE NIUEL. 1 C+)+ca% ;(a *+a #e )a 5;e$%a e( ;(a &)aca #e *+a$8 + $+6%e ;( "!#%!+ #e %e)+. 2 A*%e*a% ;(+$ c%!$a)e$ #e acea+ #e $+#!+. 3 A#!c!+(a% #+$ *+a$ #e %eac!"+ #e #!5e!)*)!+J!5a.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. mesa *.

ENSAO DE ?IERRO 
ENSAO DE KIN< 
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. La a&a%!c!'( #e ;( &%ec!&!a#+ #e c+)+% 6)a(c+ !(#!ca )a &%e$e(c!a #e !+(e$ $;)Ka+ e( )a 5;e$%a.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Práctica 3.

PROPIEDADES JÍSI
LA A
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. RESUELAN LO SIGUIENTE. NOMBRE. _C;-) e$ )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e )a $+);c!'( 1` E( a *)!%+

e M

6 5*)!%+

K F

c &&5

* M+)a%!#a# #e) a(!'(

# [" #e $a)

h M+)a%!#a# #e) ca!'(

I(#!H;e )+$ 5) H;e #e )a $+);c!'( 2 %eH;!e%e &a%a ca#a ;(a #e )a$ #+$ $+);c!+(e$ H;e )e c+%%e$&+(#e(. S+);c!'( a &&5

. 5) (ece$a%!+$

S+);c!'( 6 &&5

Re&!a )a a6)a #e c+(ce(%ac!+(e$ &a%a $;$ $+);c!+(e$ S+);c!'( a a *)!%+ e M 6 5*)!%+

K F

c &&5

* M+)a%!#a# #e) a(!'(

. 5) (ece$a%!+$


DETERMINACI>N DE LA CONSTANTE DE UNA REACCIÓN. Pa%a +#a %eacc!'( #e )a K+%5a =R b bY = X R8 $e !e(e $; c+($a(e #e #!$+c!ac!'( \#. S!e(#+ @A ;( -c!#+8 $; %eacc!'( #e #!$+c!ac!'( e$ eH;!"a)e(e a )a #e) 5+#e)+ &)a(ea#+. @A b bY A X @X E( #+(#e @A eH;!"a)e a =R8 A eH;!"a)e a =  @X eH;!"a)e a R. P+% )+ H;e ,d =

[ + ] R [ ] [ + ] = )+* + )+*[ R ] [ +R ] [ +R ] [ + ] pR = p,d + )+* [ +R ]

+ R [ +R ]

)+* ,d = )+*

− )+*[ R ] = − )+* ,d + )+* P+% )+ H;e

pH = p,d + )+*

[ -] [ H-]

Pa%a )a %eacc!'( #e !;)ac!'( e(%e ;( -c!#+  e) O@ 6a$e. @A X O@ b bY A X @ 2O E$a %eacc!'( !e(e #eK!(!#a $; c+($a(e c+5+ \ b 1014&\# C+($!#e%a5+$ M c+5+ e) "+);5e( #e 5;e$%a #e -c!#+. C+ )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e -c!#+ e( )a 5;e$%a. PE e) "+);5e( #e 6a$e (ece$a%!+ &a%a (e;%a)!a% a ;( "+);5e( M #e -c!#+ #e c+(ce(%ac!'( C+. C )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e 6a$e ;!)!a#a.

[ + ] [ +R ]

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. dA d@A

+ X  CPE + X 

 PE

De #+(#e $e +6$e%"a H;e e) &@ e$ ;(a K;(c!'( #e&e(#!e(e #e) "+);5e( #e $+$a a*%e*a#+. A) !;)a% &+% c+5&)e+ )a 5;e$%a &+#e5+$ +6e(e% e) "a)+% #e PE8  ah+%a e) &@ ca56!a%- c+( %e$&ec+ a )a 5+#!K!cac!'( #e "+);5e( aa#!#+ #e 6a$e. A) *%aK!ca% e) &@ c+(%a e) %5!(+ )+*a%5!c+8 $e +6$e%"a )a ec;ac!'( #e ;(a )(ea %eca. La +%#e(a#a a) +%!*e( #e )a 5!$5a c+%%e$&+(#e a) "a)+% #e &\#.

L&#ar &a$ $i"i#t$ ta5&a$ c%# $"$ r$"&ta+%$ / $" cá&c"&%$. +);5e( #e 5;e$%a + e( 5) b +);5e( #e $+$a *a$a#+ ha$a e) &;(+ K!(a) #e )a !;)ac!'( PE e( 5) b

+);5e( #e $+$a aa#!#+ 

)+*

 PE

&@ 5e#!#+


C+eK!c!e(e #e c+%%e)ac!'( )!(ea) b O%#e(a#a a) +%!*e( b &\# b C+($a(e #e )a %eacc!'( e$;#!a#a b a)+% +6e(!#+ e( e) eJ&e%!5e(+ !(#!"!#;a) C+($a(e #e )a %eacc!'( e$;#!a#a b P%+5e#!+ #e) "a)+% +6e(!#+ e(%e +#+$ )+$ !(e*%a(e$ #e) eH;!&+.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA 7. ANLISIS ESTADÍSTICO DE RESULTADOS. ERACIDAD DE LAS MEDICIONES E/PERIMENTALES

VERACIDAD DE LAS MEDIDAS En análisis cuantitativ ls !ats "stán cnstitui!s #$ %"!i!as !" #$#i"!a!"s c% #"s& vlu%"n& !"nsi!a!& cn!uctivi!a! "l'ct$ica  a(s$ci)n !" "n"$*+a $a!iant", G$an #a$t" !" la %at"$ia ("t !" t$as $a%as !" la .u+%ica& " inclus !" t$as %uc/as ci"ncias& "s !" natu$al"a cuantitativa " i%#lica la $"aliaci)n !" %"!i!as, D"s#u's !" $"alia!as las %"!i!as& !"(" "stu!ia$s" su v"$aci!a! $"s#"ct a la canti!a! $"al !" sustancia  a la int"nsi!a! v"$!a!"$a !" l a #$#i"!a! %"!i!a, El ("t !" "st" ca#+tul "s !a$ al alu%n una int$!ucci)n s($" ls act$"s invluc$a!s "n la "valuaci)n c$+tica !" !ats, a precisió "#$"sa la repr!"#c$%&i'i"(" !" una %"!i!a& "s !"ci$& la cnc$!ancia "nt$" va$ias %"!i!as !" la %is%a sustancia  #$#i"!a!, Su#n*a%s& #$ ""%#l& .u" cinc alu%ns %i!"n "l vlu%"n !" a*ua cnt"ni! "n un %at$a !" 500 %l6 utilian! una #$("ta *$a!ua!a !" 25 %l 7 "#$"san "l $"sulta! cn una a#$i%aci)n !" un %ililit$& !an! ls val$"s8 501& 49:& 503, 490 7 500 %l, D" $%a anál*a& s" (t"n!$+an val$"s !i"$"nt"s "n cinc %"!i!as ""ctua!as #$ "l %is% in!ivi!u "n %%"nts !i"$"nt"s, Pu"!"n s"$ va$ias las $an"s #$ las cual"s ls val$"s %"!i!s n sn #"$"cta%"nt"

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. %uc/ !" ls !"%ás& !"(" #$"scin!i$s" #$visinal%"nt" !" 'l 7 calcula$ cn ls t$s val$"s la %"!ia 7 la !"sviaci)n %"!ia, Si la !"sviaci)n !"l val$ "n (s"$vaci)n $"s#"ct a la %"!ia !" ls t$s val$"s "s %a7$ !" cuat$ v"c"s la !"sviaci)n %"!ia& !ic/ val$ !"(" $"c/aa$s" !"initiva%"nt"; "n cas cnt$a$i& !"(" cns"$va$s" 7 vlv"$ a calcula$ una nu"va %"!ia 7 !"sviaci)n %"!ia t"ni'n!l "n cu"nta, Pa$a !"ci!i$ si !"(" $"c/aa$s" al*#".u"?a !"sviaci)n $"lativa@ cinci!" cn una (u"na "actitu! >#".u"? "$$$ $"lativ@ "s una ".uivcaci)n $"cu"nt" "n ls alu%ns #$inci#iant"s !" análisis cuantitativ, na ilust$aci)n a7u!a$á a !istin*ui$ "nt$" #$"cisi)n 7 "actitu!,

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. C% la %a7$ #a$t" !" ls val$"s v"$!a!"$s s" !"t"$%inan #$ %"!i!as& .u" "stán su"tas a #".u"?as va$iacin"s& #u"!" #a$"c"$ i%#si(l" cnc"$ a la v" la "actitu! 7 "l "$$$ !" las %"!i!as, En s"nti! "st$ict& "sa "s la $"ali!a!, P$ t$a #a$t"& un val$ !"t"$%ina! #$ %"!i!as cui!a!sas "s "l val$ %"!i !" ls val$"s !" un int"$val %u7 #".u"?& sin .u" "ista una #$(a(ili!a! %u7 "l"va!a !" .u" "n !ic/ int"$val "st' c%#$"n!i! "l val$ v"$!a!"$, El us !" ls t'$%ins val$ v"$!a!"$& "$$$ 7 "actitu! "n su s"nti! "st$ict s" ustiica %ás a!"lant" al calcula$ la v"$aci!a! !" las %"!i!as 7 al !iscuti$ las clas"s 7 causas !" "$$$,

PRO
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. )+ 5-J!5+8 a c+(!(;ac!'( $e &a$a a )a e$;Ka &+% 1 h+%a a 393 \ 110C8 ;(a "e c+(c);!#+ e) !e5&+8 $e &a$a a) #e$eca#+% &a%a H;e e(K%e  c;a(#+ e$- a e5&e%a;%a a56!e(e $e &e$a. PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DE CENI=AS. E( ;( c%!$+) a%a#+8 a &e$+ c+($a(e8 $e c+)+ca( 3 *%a5+$ #e )a 5;e$%a c+5&%!5!(#+)+$ )+ 5-J!5+8 $e ca)!e(a e) c%!$+) e( ;( 5eche%+ ha$a H;e )a 5ae%!a $e ca)c!(e8 a c+(!(;ac!'( $e &a$a a )a 5;K)a &+% 2 h+%a$ a 923 \ 770C8 ;(a "e c+(c);!#+ e) !e5&+8 $e &a$a a) #e$eca#+% &a%a H;e e(K%e  c;a(#+ e$- a e5&e%a;%a a56!e(e $e &e$a. CLCULOS  RESULTADOS La ca(!#a# #e h;5e#a#  #e ce(!a$ $e eJ&%e$a c+5+ &+%c!e(+ e( &e$+ 0 0

Pe$+ Pe$+ c+($ c+($a a( (ee #e) #e) c%!$ c%!$+) +)..

1 1

Pe$+ Pe$+ !(!c !(!c!a !a)) #e) #e) c%!$+) c%!$+)  )a )a 5;e 5;e$ $%a. %a.

2 2

Pe$+ Pe$+ K!(a) K!(a) #e) #e) c%! c%!$+) $+)  )a )a 5;e$ 5;e$% %aa $ec $eca. a.

3 3

Pe$+ Pe$+ K!(a) K!(a) #e) #e) c%! c%!$+) $+)  )a$ )a$ ce(! ce(!a a$. $.

B Hmedad =

/ 1

− / 2

/ 1

100


PREPARA

La$ $e5!%%eacc!+(e$ 2 IO3 X 10 e X 12 @X b bY I2 X , @2O 2 I b bY I2 X 2e 2 S2O3b b bY S4O,b X 2e

HALORA
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. Ca#a eH;!&+ "a a &%e&a%a% ;( )!%+ #e $+);c!'( #e !+$;)Ka+ #e )a c+(ce(%ac!'( !(#!ca#a. EH;!&+ 1 EH;!&+ 2 EH;!&+ 3 EH;!&+ 4 EH;!&+ 7 EH;!&+ ,

0.07M 0.090 M 0.097M 0.0<0M 0.0<7M 0.100M

Ca#a &e%$+(a #e) eH;!&+ %e$+)"e%- e) c;e$!+(a%!+ !(#!ca#+ e( )a $!*;!e(e &-*!(a. L+$ c-)c;)+$ H;e #e6e%- #e %ea)!a%  e(%e*a% a) !(!c!+ #e )a &%-c!ca e(#%-( c+5+ 6a$e ;(a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e !+$;)Ka+ !*;a) a )a e'%!ca  $ea)a#a e( )a a6)a a(e%!+%. Pa%a ca#a &e%$+(a $e !(#!ca e) "+);5e( #e $+);c!'( #e !+$;)Ka+ H;e #e6e%- #e *a$a% e( )a "a)+%ac!'(. I(e*%a(e 1 I(e*%a(e 2 I(e*%a(e 3 I(e*%a(e 4 I(e*%a(e 7

12 5) 14 5) 1, 5) 19 5) 20 5)

Ca#a !(e*%a(e %ea)!a%- )a #ee%5!(ac!'( &+% #;&)!ca#+.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. @OA DE CLCULOS. NOMBRE 

E$c%!6a )a %eacc!'( 6a)a(cea#a e(%e e) +#;%+  e) #!c%+5a+.  E$c%!6a )a %eacc!'( 6a)a(cea#a e(%e e) +#;%+  e) +#a+.  N5e%+ #e eH;!&+  N5e%+ #e I(e*%a(e #e) eH;!&+

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRCTICA .

TITULA
Pr%c+i*i#t% c%*#C Se 5!#e ;(a ca(!#a# #e 5;e$%a  $e #e&+$!a e( ;( %ec!&!e(e c+(e(e#+%8 "a$+ + 5a%a8 #e$#e ;(a 6;%ea $e a*%e*a e) !;)a(e ha$a e) ca56!+ #e c+)+% #e )a $+);c!'(.

TITULA
Pr%c+i*i#t% c%*#C Se 5!#e ;(a ca(!#a# #e 5;e$%a  $e #e&+$!a e( ;( %ec!&!e(e c+(e(e#+%8 $e )e a*%e*a ;( %eac!"+ e( eJce$+8 );e*+ $e a*%e*a a) !;)a(e #e$#e )a 6;%ea8 e) c;a) %eacc!+(a c+( ;( &%+#;c+ #e )a &%!5e% 5ec)a ha$a e) ca56!+ #e c+)+% #e )a $+);c!'(.

TITULA
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. e(*%;#+ #e a)5!#'(  $e c+(!(a c+( )a !;)ac!'( ha$a H;e )a $+);c!'( &e%5a(eca c+5&)ea5e(e !(c+)+%a.

TITULA
Se 5!#e( 17 5) #e )a 5;e$%a H;e c+(!e(e h!&+c)+%!+ #e $+#!+ ;!)!a#+ c+5+ a*e(e 6)a(H;ea#+%8 $e c+)+ca( );e*+ e( ;( &e$aK!)%+$ )!5&!+8 $ec+  &%e"!a5e(e a%a#+. Se &e$a )a 5;e$%a  $e %a($K!e%e a ;( 5a%a "+);5%!c+ #e 270 5)8 )a"a(#+ e) &e$aK!)%+$  ))e"a(#+ )+$ )a"a#+$ a) "+);5%!c+8 ))e"a% ha$a )a 5a%ca c+( a*;a #e$!)a#a  5ec)a%. C+)+ca% a)c;+a$ #e 27 5) e( 5a%ace$ E%)e(5ee%8 a#!c!+(a% 1 *%a5+ #e +#;%+ #e &+a$!+  1 5) #e -c!#+ ac!c+ *)ac!a). T!;)a% #e !(5e#!a+ c+( $+);c!'( "a)+%a#a #e !+$;)Ka+ 0.1M ha$a )a a&a%!c!'( #e ;(a +(a)!#a# a5a%!))a8 a#!c!+(a% ;( &a% #e *+a$ #e e(*%;#+ #e a)5!#'(  c+(!(;a% )a !;)ac!'( ha$a H;e )a $+);c!'( &e%5a(eca c+5&)ea5e(e !(c+)+%a.

TITULA
Me#!% 20 5) #e )a 5;e$%a H;e c+(!e(e )+$ !+(e$ #e e$a+ II8 a*%e*a% 7 5) #e $+);c!'( #e @C) 1108 a*%e*a% ah+%a 20 5) #e $+);c!'( "a)+%a#a #e +#+  $! $e +6!e(e ;( c+)+%


PRQ
DETERMINACIÓN DE UN ANALITO MEDIANTE DOS MÉTODOS DISTINTOS. DETERMINA
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. E$a6)ece% ;( 6)a(c+ !;)a(#+ 70 5) #e a*;a #e$!)a#a  10 5) #e -c!#+ $;)K%!c+ 138 c+( &e%5a(*a(a+ #e &+a$!+ ha$a +6e(e% e) 5!$5+ c+)+% %+$a. T+5a(#+ e( c+($!#e%ac!'( e) 6)a(c+8 ca)c;)a% )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e &e%'J!#+ #e h!#%'*e(+8 @2O28 &%e$e(e e( )a 5;e$%a +a)  e) &+%c!e(+ &" #e &e%'J!#+ #e h!#%'*e(+.

<%# ti%$"&8at% P!&eea% ;(a a)c;+a #e 7 5) #e )a 5;e$%a e( ;( 5a%a e%)e(5ee% #e 2705)8 a*%e*a% 0.7 *%a5+$ #e +#;%+ #e &+a$!+  aa#!% 10 5) #e $+);c!'( #e -c!#+ c)+%h#%!c+ 110. T!;)a% e) +#+ &%+#;c!#+ c+( $+);c!'( "a)+%a#a #e !+$;)Ka+ ha$a c+)+% a5a%!))+ c)a%+8 a*%e*a% e(+(ce$ ;(a$ *+a$ #e e(*%;#+ #e a)5!#'(  c+(!(;a% )a !;)ac!'( ha$a H;e )a $+);c!'( $e ";e)"a !(c+)+%a. Ca)c;)a% )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e &e%'J!#+ #e h!#%'*e(+8 @2O28 &%e$e(e e( )a 5;e$%a +a)  e) &+%c!e(+ &" #e &e%'J!#+ #e h!#%'*e(+.

E# a*5a$ tit"&aci%#$ +5rá# + t#r c"i+a+% # &a +tr*i#aci'# +& !"#t% + ,"ia&#cia !"$ a*5a$ racci%#$ $%# &ira*#t &#ta$ / c"a#+% !arc ," /a $ 7a a&ca#a+% & !"#t% 8i#a& c%# & ca*5i% + c%&%r $i $ *a#ti# &a *"$tra # r!%$% +"ra#t "# 5r $!aci% + ti*!% & c%&%r !ri% a& !"#t% 8i#a& rr$a. E$ #c$ari% c%#ti#"ar 7a$ta $tar $"r%$ + ," &%$ ca*5i%$ + c%&%r $%# !r*a##t$.


PRA
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. 7

10 &&5

,

7 &&5

La $+);c!'( H;e c+(!e(e 100 &&5 $e%- )a ;!)!a#a &a%a %ea)!a% )a #ee%5!(ac!'( #e )a )+(*!;# #e +(#a #e 5-J!5a a6$+%c!'(. Rea)!a% )a 5e#!#a #e )a A6$+%6a(c!a a ca#a 10 (5 c+5e(a(#+ e( 370 (5  e%5!(a(#+ e( 70 (5. L)e(a% ;(a a6)a c+( $;$ %e$;)a#+$. λ (5

370 3,0 30 390 3<0 400 410 420 430 440 470 4,0 40 490

A

λ (5

700 710 720 730 740 770 7,0 70 790 7<0 ,00 ,10 ,20 ,30

A

λ (5

,70 ,40 ,70 ,,0 ,0 ,90 ,<0 00 10 20 30 40 70

A

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. 7

C+eK!c!e(e #e c+%%e)ac!'( )!(ea) b Ec;ac!'( #e A C

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. PRACTICA 10. UNA APLICACIÓN DE LOS M:TODOS COLORIM:TRICOS. DETERMINACIÓN COLORIM:TRICA DE @IERRO. E( e$a &%-c!ca $e ;!)!a( )+$ 5+#+$ (+%5a)!a#+$ 5eJ!ca(+$ H;e $e $ea)a( e( )a (+%5a

NM+,AA,-/,SCFI,001 POTABILI2ACIÓN DEL A3UA PARA USO 4 CONSUMO 5UMANO 6 5IPOCLORITOS DE SODIO 4 CALCIO 6 ESPECIFICACIONES 4 MÉTODOS DE PRUEBA POTABILI2ATION OF 7ATER FOR USE AND 5UMAN COMSUMPTION 6 SODIUM AND CALCIUM 54POC5LORITES 6 SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST MET5ODS 8.-.9 De$er:i(ció "e )ierr! ;:<$!"! =e($r!'i(,)i"r!>i'(:i(? ,1,5,1 P$inci#i8 Cnsist" "n la $%aci)n !" un c%#l" cl$i! .u" $"sulta !" la $"acci)n !" la 1&10 $t"nant$lina cn "l in "$$s& cu7a int"nsi!a! !" cl$ "s !i$"cta%"nt" #$#$cinal a su cnc"nt$aci)n, a cnc"nt$aci)n s" !"t"$%ina #$ %"!i !" una cu$va !" cali($aci)n #$"#a$a!a cn !i"$"nt"s cnc"nt$acin"s !" /i"$$ la cual s" %i!" a una ln*itu! !" n!a !" 525 n%,


 Disluci)n #at$)n !" /i"$$ >0&01 %* !" B"K%@ P"sa$ a#$i%a!a%"nt" &021 L * !" sulat "$$s a%niacal /"a/i!$ata! !islv"$ cn :00 % !" a*ua 7 350 % !" áci! sul<$ic cnc"nt$a! "n un %at$a vlu%'t$ic !" 1 000 % a$a$ a vlu%"n cn a*ua, %a$ una al+cuta !" 10 % 7 clca$la "n un %at$a !" 1 000 % 7 a$a$ a vlu%"n cn a*ua, Esta !isluci)n cnti"n" a#$i%a!a%"nt" 0&01 %* !" B"K%, En ls cass !n!" s" $".ui"$a %ás cnc"nt$aci)n #a$a la #$"#a$aci)n !" !isluci)n #at$)n $"alia$ ls cálculs c$$"s#n!i"nt"s #a$a la t%a !" la al+cuta al i*ual .u" #a$a la t%a !" la %u"st$a, ,1,5,: P$c"!i%i"nt  P$"#a$aci)n !" la cu$va !" cali($aci)n En un %at$a vlu%'t$ic !" 100 % !"#sita$ 50 % !" a*ua a!icina$ 2 % !" áci! cl$/+!$ic 1 = 7 t$ans"$i$ !" la !isluci)n !" 0&01 %* !" B"K% al+cutas !" 1 %& 2 %& 3 %& 4 %& 5 %& :%&  %& L %& 9 % 710 % a*$"*a$ 2 % !" !isluci)n !" /i!$ila%ina al 10 7 !"a$ $"#sa$ un %inut, A*$"*a$ a ca!a %at$a 10 % !" ac"tat !" a%ni al 20 7 3 % !" 1&10 $t"nanat$lina s" a$a cn a*ua 7 s" a*ita, P$"#a$a$ (lanc !" $"activs& cali($a$ a 100  !" t$ans%itancia a 525 n%& cnst$ui$ la cu$va,  P$"#a$aci)n !" la %u"st$a %a$ 10 % !" la %u"st$a #$ analia$ 7 t$ans"$i$la a un %at$a "$l"n%"7"$ !" 250 % #$"via%"nt" lava! cn áci! cl$/+!$ic, A!icina$ a#$i%a!a%"nt" 20 % !" a*ua !"stila!a 7 a*ita$, A*$"*a$ 5 % !" /i!$ila%ina s" !"a $"#sa$ 5 %in 7 s" t$ansi"$" a un %at$a

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. 8.-.1 De$er:i(ció "e )ierr! ;:<$!"! c! s#'=!ci(#r! "e p!$(si!? ,1,:,1 P$inci#i El %'t! s" (asa "n la !"t"$%inaci)n !"l /i"$$ al "sta! '$$ic& #$"via i!aci)n !"l "$$s cn a*ua !" ($% 7 t$atan! la %u"st$a cn sulcianu$ !" #tasi #a$a !a$ un in c%#l" cl$i! R San*$" !" sulcianu$ '$$ic& "l cual "s %"!i! #$ a(s$(ancia, ,1,:,2 R"activs  Aci! cl$/+!$ic >Cl@  A*ua i*"na!a al 3  vKv > 2O2@  A*ua satu$a!a !" ($%  Sulcianu$ !" #tasi al 30   tisulat !" s!i #"nta/i!$ata! >=a 2S2O5,52O@ ,1,:,3 Mat"$ial  Mat$a "$l"n%"7"$ !" 250 %  P$("ta *$a!ua!a ,1,:,4 A#a$ats " inst$u%"nts  Es#"ct$t)%"t$ cn $an* !" l"ctu$a "n ls "s#"ct$s ult$avil"ta 7 visi(l"  Cl$+%"t$ Il"tt Su%%"$sn, ,1,:,5 P$c"!i%i"nt %a$ 10 % !" la %u"st$a #$ analia$ 7 t$ans"$i$la a un %at$a "$l"n%"7"$ !" 250 % #$"via%"nt" lava! cn aci! cl$/+!$ic, A!icina$ a#$i%a!a%"nt" 20 % !" a*ua !"stila!a 7 a*ita$& a?a!i$ 10 % !" a*ua i*"na!a al 3  7 a*ita$, A!icina$ 5 % !" áci! cl$/+!$ic 7 a*ita$& /"$vi$ /asta .u" !"sa#a$"ca "l tn a%a$ill v"$!s #$!uci! #$ "l cl$& "n$ia$, na v" $+a la %u"st$a a$a$ a 100 % cn a*ua

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. A#$tacin"s a la t'cnica, a n$%a n s"?ala la cnc"nt$aci)n !" la $t "nant$lina,

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PRQ
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. c+($a(e$ -c!#+  6a$e8 #e +J!#+%%e#;cc!'(8 #e K+%5ac!'( #e c+5&;e$+$ #e c++%#!(ac!'(8 #e $+);6!)!#a#  #e !(e%ca56!+ !'(!c+ &+% 5e(c!+(a% a)*;(+$ ee5&)+$8 a#e5-$ &;e#e( #ea% #e eJ!$!% )a$ e$&ec!e$ H;e e( e) a*;a eJ!$a( &a%a a&a%ece% +%a$8 a $ea( (;e"+$ -c!#+$ + 6a$e$8 (;e"+$ e$a#+$ #e +J!#ac!'( + c+5&;e$+$ #e c++%#!(ac!'( #!$!(+$. E( c+(;(+8 e) ca56!+ #e #!$+)"e(e %ae c+($!*+ ca56!+$ e( )a %eac!"!#a#8 e( )a $+);6!)!ac!'(8 e( )a e$&ec!ac!'(  e( )a +&e%a!"!#a#. E$+$ 5e#!+$ $+( #e(+5!(a#+$ c+5+ #!$+)"e(e$ (+ ac;+$+$  $e e5&)ea( #e 5a(e%a a5&)!a 8 a 5e(;#+8 "e(a+$a5e(e $+6%e e) a*;a. E$+$ #!$+)"e(e$ &;e#e( $e% #e #!"e%$a (a;%a)ea. E(%e )a$ $;$a(c!a$ #e (a;%a)ea +%*-(!ca #e$aca( )+$ h!#%+ca%6;%+$8 a)c+h+)e$  e%e$8 &e%+ a56!( eJ!$e( 5;ch+$ #!$+)"e(e$ !(+%*-(!c+$ (+ ac;+$+$8 c+5+ )+$ #e(+5!(a#+$ f)H;!#+$ 5+)ec;)a%e$g8 H;e $+( )H;!#+$ a )a e5&e%a;%a a56!e(e + ce%ca #e e))a8 )a$ $a)e$ K;(#!#a$  a56!( )+$ 5ea)e$ #e 6a+ &;(+ #e K;$!'(8 c+5+ e) 5e%c;%!+ + e) $+#!+. TITULACIONES EN SOLENTES NO ACUOSOS C;a(#+ )+$ -c!#+$ + 6a$e$ $+( 5; #6!)e$ %e$;)a #!Kc!) !;)a%)+$ &;e$+ H;e (+ $e &%+#;ce ;( ca56!+ (+a6)e #e) &@ e( )a$ ce%ca(a$ #e) &;(+ eH;!"a)e(e. De e$a 5a(e%a aH;e))a$ e$&ec!e$ H;e e(*a( \a + \6 5e(+% H;e 1/10 (+ $+( &+$!6)e$ #e !;)a% e( 5e#!+

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. EKec+ I*;a)a#+% C;a(#+ $e !;)a ;(a 6a$e #6!) $e e5&)ea c+5+ "a)+%a(e ;(a $+);c!'( #e ;( -c!#+ K;e%e8 #e e$a 5a(e%a )+$ a*e(e$ 5-$ e5&)ea#+$ $+( @C)8 @C)O48 @2SO48  @NO3. T+#+$ e))+$ $e #!$+c!a( c+5&)ea5e(e e( a*;a  K+%5a( e) 5!$5+ %eac!"+ @3OX. S!( e56a%*+ )a K;e%a #e e$+$ -c!#+$ e$ #!Ke%e(e &a%a ca#a ;(+ #e e))+$8 $!;ac!'( H;e (+ $e e"!#e(c!a e( e) $+)"e(e a*;a. E$+ $e c+(+ce c+5+ eKec+ !*;a)a#+% #e) $+)"e(e. E( -c!#+ ac!c+ e) @C)O4 e$ 5-$ K;e%e H;e e) @C) + e) @2SO4  5;ch+ 5-$ K;e%e H;e e) @NO3 La "a)+%ac!'( -c!#+ 6a$e e5&)ea(#+ $+)"e(e$ (+ ac;+$+$ %e$;)a !) &a%a "a)+%a% e$&ec!e$ +%*-(!ca$ H;e &%e$e(e( *%;&+$ $;)K'(!c+$ A%SO3@8 -c!#+$ ca%6+J)!c+$ RCOO@8 Ke(+)e$ A%O@8 e(+)e$ COC@2CO8 !5!#a$ CON@CO8 ec.

PROCEDIMIENTO E/PERIMENTAL. DETERMINACIÓN DE NICOTINA EN MEDIO NO ACUOSO. 1 Pe$a% 3 *%a5+$ #e a6ac+ #e c!*a%%!))+  ))e"a% a ;( 5a%a e%)e(5ee% #e 2705). 2 A*%e*a% 17 5!)!)!%+$ #e $+);c!'( $a;%a#a #e h!#%'J!#+ #e 6a%!+.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. 10 Aa#!% 3 *+a$ #e #!$+);c!'( #e c%!$a) "!+)ea  "a)+%a% c+( #!$+);c!'( #e -c!#+ &e%c)'%!c+ e( ac!c+ *)ac!a)8 ha$a c+)+% "e%#e #e )a #!$+);c!'(.

C+( e$e &%+ce#!5!e(+ $e "a)+%a )a ca(!#a# +a) #e a)ca)+!#e$ (!c+!(a  (+%(!c+!(a La (!c+!(a %eacc!+(a c+( #+$ &%++(e$. Pa%a )a "a)+%ac!'( #e) -c!#+ &e%c)'%!c+. Se +5a( 0.2 *%a5+$ #e Ka)a+ -c!#+ #e &+a$!+8 $e c+)+ca( e( ;( e%)e(5ee% #e 1275). Se aa#e( 70 5!)!)!%+$ #e ac!c+ *)ac!a)  $e a*!a c;!#a#+$a5e(e ha$a )a #!$+);c!'( #e) $')!#+. Se e(K%a  $e aa#e( 4 *+a$ #e $+);c!'( #e c%!$a) "!+)ea  $e "a)+%a c+( e) -c!#+ ha$a c+)+% "e%#e.

Pa%a e) !(#!ca#+%. Pe$a% 0.7 *%a5+$ #e c%!$a) "!+)ea  #!$+)"e% e( 100 5!)!)!%+$ #e ac!c+ *)ac!a).


PRA
MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. E( e) ca$+ #e H;e )a 5;e$%a $e %ae #e ;(a 6a$e8 !;)a% c+( $+);c!'( "a)+%a#a #e -c!#+ c)+%h#%!+ 0.1M Pa%a e))+ hace% &eH;ea$ a#!c!+(e$ #e !;)a(e  %a$ #e ca#a a#!c!'( 5e#!% e) &@. P+(e% ae(c!'( e( )a e"+);c!'( #e) &@8 c;a(#+ )+$ ca56!+$ e(%e 5e#!#a$ $ea( 5a+%e$8 #e6e%- %ea)!a% a#!c!+(e$ 5-$ &eH;ea$ #e !;)a(e. C+(!(;a% c+( )a$ a#!c!+(e$ ha$a H;e e) 5e#!+ $ea K;e%e5e(e 6-$!c+ &@ e(%e 11  12 ;(!#a#e$8 c;a(#+ !;)e c+( NaO@8 + 6!e( K;e%e5e(e -c!#+ &@ e(%e 2  38 c;a(#+ !;)e c+( @C). I#e(!K!ca% e) PE &+% e) 5+#+ #e )a$ a(*e(e$. I#e(!K!ca% e) PE &+% e) 5+#+ #e )+$ ce(%+$ #e )+$ c!%c;)+$. I#e(!K!ca% e) PE &+% e) 5+#+ #!Ke%e(c!a). Ca)c;)e )a c+(ce(%ac!'( #e -c!#+ + #e 6a$e e( )a 5;e$%a +%!*!(a) &a%a ca#a ;(+ #e )+$ 5+#+$8 c+5&a%e  #!$c;a.


PRA
α + ε $!

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PRQ
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Se 5!#e e) &@ #e )a $+);c!'( &%e&a%a#a. Se 5!#e )a ca&ac!#a# #e a5+%!*;a5!e(+ a )+$ -c!#+$. Se 5!#e )a ca&ac!#a# #e a5+%!*;a5!e(+ a )a$ 6a$e$.

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A C1 C1XαC+

X

Pa%a ca)c;)a% e) &@ $e !e(e ;(a +&c!'( #e$#e )a )e #e acc!'( #e 5a$a$ ,a

=

[ -][ H + ] [ H-]

[ H + ] = ,a [ H-]

)+*[ H + ] = )+* ,a + )+*

[ -]

− )+*[ H + ] = − )+* ,a − )+*

[ H-] [ -]

pH = p,a + )+*

[ -]

pH = p,a + )+*

[ H-]

C 1 Co

$! C+\a + C1\a  1008 bY α (+ e$ #e$&%ec!a6)e α

=

− CC 1 + ,aE + CC 1 + ,aE 2 + 4 ,aCo

d@A b C+1α

2Co

d@X b αC+ dA b C1 X αC+



&@ b  )+*αC+

@A X C+ C+XαC1

O@

$i !a@ A X @2O b bY ! C1 eH C11α S! C+\6  C1\6 100 bY α  08 &+% )+ H;e

αC1

[ H-] [ -]


Ca&ac!#a# #e a5+%!*;a5!e(+ a )+$ -c!#+$ S+( )+$ 5) #e -c!#+ K;e%e 0.1N H;e $+( (ece$a%!+$ &a%a 5+#!K!ca% e( ;(a ;(!#a# e) &@ #e ;( )!%+ #e $+);c!'( a5+%!*;a#+%a. Ca&ac!#a# #e a5+%!*;a5!e(+ a )a$ 6a$e$ S+( )+$ 5) #e 6a$e K;e%e 0.1N H;e $+( (ece$a%!+$ &a%a 5+#!K!ca% e( ;(a ;(!#a# e) &@ #e ;( )!%+ #e )a $+);c!'( a5+%!*;a#+%a.

MANUAL DE LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA 2013. ANE/O 1.

TITULA
O@

X

bbY

@2O

\b1014 &@ b  )+*dC+1J  )+* F &@ b  &@ b 14 X )+*dC+J 1 X )+* F

bbY

@2O

\b1014 &@ b  )+*d@X )+* F

εC+ 

εPEC+

εPEC+b10

εC+

C+J1

Q b 1 εPE

S! C+3.3J10, @X APE C+1J X εC+ PE εPEC+ DPE εC+ Q b 1 εPE

O@

X εC+



εPEC+b10

C+J1 X εC+

&@ b  &@ b 14 X )+*dO@X )+* F


TITULA
@X

X

bbY

@2O

\b1014 &@ b 14 X )+*dC+1 J X )+* F &@ b  &@ b  )+*dC+J1  )+* F

bbY

@2O

\b1014 &@ b 14 X )+*dO@X )+* F &@ b  &@ b  )+*d@X )+* F

εC+ 

εPEC+

εPEC+b10

εC+

C+J1

Q b 1 εPE

S! C+3.3J10, O@ APE C+1J X εC+ PE εPEC+ DPE εC+

@X

X εC+



εPEC+b10

C+J1 X εC+

Q b 1 εPE APE 8H = −

[Co 1 −  ] 2 + 4.10 −14

Co 1 −   +

2

[

]2


TITULA
&@ b  )+*dαC+1J  )+* F &@ b 14 X )+*εJC+ X )+* F &@ b 14 X )+*εPEC+ X )+* F &@ b 14 X )+*dC+J 1Xε X )+* F

S! C+\aY1000

i

     1 −  

pH = p,a + )+*

S! C+\6Y1000 S! C+\6Y100 S! C+\6Y1000

&@ b  X 0.7&\a X 0.7)+* C+ X 0.7)+* F &@ b 14 X )+*dC+J1 X )+* F

Q b 1 εPE

APE $i !a@ 2 ,a  ,a  ,a   −   +  +   +  + 4 1 −  Co  Co   Co  α = 21 − 

APE $i !a@ / PE 2

ε

=

,b  ,b  ,b   − 1 −  + + − + + 1  4   Co  Co  Co  2 


TITULA
&@ b 14 X )+*dαC+1J X )+* F &@ b  )+*εJC+  )+* F &@ b  )+*εPEC+  )+* F &@ b  )+*dC+J 1Xε  )+* F

S! C+\6Y1000

i

 1 −      

pH = p,a + )+*

S! C+\aY1000 S! C+\aY100 S! C+\aY1000

&@ b 0.7&\a  0.7)+* C+  0.7)+* F &@ b  )+*dC+J1  )+* F

Q b 1 εPE

APE $i !a@ 2 ,b  ,b  ,b   −   +  +   +  + 4 1 −  Co  Co   Co  α =

APE $i !a@ / PE 2

ε

=

,a  ,a  ,a   − 1 −  + + 1 −  + + 4    Co  Co  Co  



TITULA
&@ b  )+*dαC+1J  )+* F  ε  pH = p,a 9 + )+*   1 − ε  pH =

p,a - + p,a 9 2

 1 − ε  pH = p,a - + )+*    ε  &@ b 14 X )+*dαC+J1 X )+* F

S! C+\aAY1000 S! C+\jY1000 ε 'E =

S! C+\jY1000 S! C+\6BY1000

@B

\b10&\aB&\aA

JC+ JC+1ε C+1εPE C+1ε C+XαC+J1

i

pH = p,a -

\jb1\ d@ b aC+1J X

dO@b αC+J1   + )+*    1 −  

, Z

1+

i

, Z

pH = p,a 9

+ )+*  −1

Q b 1 εPE

2


APE $i aAW

APE $i aAW 2

,a  ,a   ,a  −  . + -  +  . + -  + 4 - C1 − .E Co  Co  Co   α = 2C1 − .E

ε =

DPE $i 5W

DPE $i 5W

−

C1 − . + 2 ., Z E + C1 − . + 2 ., Z E 2

+

4 , Z C1 − , Z E . 2

2 .C1 − , Z E

2

ε =

−

C . −1 + 2 , Z E + C . −1 + 2 , Z E 2C1 − , Z E

2

+

4 , Z C1 − , Z E

,b  ,b   ,b  − 1 + 9  + 1 + 9  + 4 9 C . − 1E Co  Co  Co   α = 2C . − 1E

3


TITULA
&@ b 14 X )+*dαC+1J X )+* F

APE $! \6B\j

pH = p,a

PE

pH =

-

1 − ε  + )+*   ε

p,a + p,a -

9

S! C+\jY1000 ε 'E =

2

 + )+*    1 − ε  ε

DPE $! \aA\j

pH = p,a

DPE $! \aAY\j

&@ b  )+*dαC+J1  )+* F

9

S! C+\6BY1000

S! C+\jY1000

\b10&\aB&\aA

A

\jb1\ dO@ b aC+1J 

/C+ JC+1ε C+1εPE C+1ε C+XαC+J1

d@Xb αC+J1

i

pH = p,a 9

1 −   + )+*     

, Z

1+

, Z

i pH = p,a − )+*  −1 -

S! C+\aAY1000

Q b 1 εPE

4


APE $i 5W ,b  ,b   ,b  . + 4 C1 − .E −  . + + +  Co  Co  Co  α = 2C1 − .E

APE $i 5W

DPE $i aAW

DPE $i aAW  ,a   ,a  4 ,a C . 1E − 1 + + 1 + + −  Co  Co  Co   α = 2C . − 1E

2

9

9

9

ε =

−

C1 − . + 2 ., Z E + C1 − . + 2 ., Z E 2

+

4 , Z C1 − , Z E . 2

2 .C1 − , Z E

2

ε =

−

C . −1 + 2 , Z E + C . −1 + 2 , Z E 2C1 − , Z E

2

+

4 , Z C1 − , Z E

-

-

-

7


PRACQCA

Q=BORMACQ= PARA E REPORE

A=AQSQS DE REPORE

DE ODO E GRPO

POR ETQPO

E RAHAJO EPERQME=A, PREHAS RVPQDAS PARA QDE=QBQCACQW= DE A=QO=ES U CAQO=ES, PROPQEDADES BXSQCAS MEDQHES U S REACQ= CO= A CO=CE=RACQ=

DE ETQPO

POR ETQPO

DE ETQPO

POR ETQPO

CO=SA=E DE =A REACCQ= TÍMQCA,

DE ETQPO

Q=DQNQDA

NERACQDAD DE AS MEDQDAS

DE ODO E GRPO

Q=DQNQDA

QACQ= DQRECA& Q=DQRECA U POR REROCESO Q=DQNQDA DEERMQ=ACQW= DE = A=AQO POR DOS MÉODOS DE ETQPO O=GQD DE O=DA DE MVQMA AHSORCQ= U CRNA DE CAQHRACQW= DE ETQPO QACQ= E= MEDQO =O ACOSO,

DE GRPO

Q=DQNQDA Q=DQNQDA POR ETQPO Q=DQNQDA

EEME=OS PRQORQARQOS OHSERNACQO=ES& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES OHSERNACQO=ES& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES OHSERNACQO=ES& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES RESADOS& E NAOR DE A CO=SA=E& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES, A=FQSQS ESADÍSQCO DE OS RESADOS& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES, RESADOS& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES, RESADOS& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES, RESADOS& OPQ=QO=ES U CO=CSQO=ES, A=FQSQS ESADÍSQCO& OPQ=QO=ES U

,

MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS ANALÍTICA 2013b

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