Events in the past that are now finished Situation in the past A series of actions in the t he past
2
Past continuous Form Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous (continuous form) Example
Use Duration in the past Interrupted actions in progress Actions in progress at the same time in the past Irritation Polite question
3
Past Perfect Form Subject + HAD + Verb (past participle form) Example
I had bought a new car.
Yo había comprado un nuevo auto.
You had cleaned the house. Tú habías limpiado la casa. He had brought the gifts.
Él había traído los regalos.
Use
Completed action before another action in the past Third conditional sentences Reported speech Dissatisfaction with the past
4
Past Perfect continuous Form
Afirmativo Sujeto + had + been + verbo ver bo en forma -ing+ ... Negativo Forma larga Sujeto + had + not + been + v. en forma -ing + ... Forma corta Sujeto + hadn't + been + v. en forma forma -ing + ... Interrogativo Afirmativo Had + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing - ing Negativo Had + sujeto + not + been + verbo en forma -ing Hadn't + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -i ng Example
He had been repairing the car before they went. Él había estado reparando el coche antes de que ellos se fueran. She had cried when I found her. Había llorado cuando la encontré (acción ( acción finalizada). Use
Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past Showing cause of an action or situation Third conditional sentences Reported speech
5
Present simple Form
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) afirmativas) Estructura Sujeto + verbo principal. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo principal. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal
Example
They learn. He does not eat. Do they learn? Use Facts, generalizations and universal truths Habits and routines Permanent situations Events that are certain to happen Arrangements that we can't change (e.g. timetables, official meetings) State verbs (e.g. be, have, suppose, know) Narrations, instructions or commentaries
She's gone to work. We haven't been to London. Have you been to London? Use Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment Actions which began in the past and continue in the present
8
Present Present Perfect continuous Form Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb (continuous (continuous form) Example I have been working as a teacher for 30 years. What have you been doing? Use Actions that started in the past and continue in the present Actions that have recently stopped Temporary actions and situations
9
Future simple Form
Futuro con shall y will Example
It will snow tomorrow. Mañana nevará nevará (predicción). (predicción). She will like our present. Le gustará nuestro regalo (suposición). We are going to go to the beach tomorrow. Vamos a ir a l a playa mañana. Use USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
Will you be talking? Are you going to be talking? I won't be talking. I'm not going to be talking. I will be talking. I'm going to be talking.
Use 1) An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time.
2) Something happens because it normally happens.
11
Future perfect Form Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura 1 Sujeto + "will have" + verbo principal... Estructura 2 Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have" + verbo principal... Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Estructura Sujeto + "will" + "not" " not" + "have" + verbo principal... Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have" + verbo principal... Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) Estructura "Will" + sujeto + "have" + verbo principal...? Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have" + verbo principal...? Example
Will the party have ended before you finish work? They party won't have ended by the time you finish work. The party will have ended by the time you finish work.
Use sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future
12
Future perfect continuous Form
Afirmativo Sujeto + will + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... . .. Negativo Forma larga Sujeto + shall/will + not + have have + been + verbo verbo en forma forma -ing + ... Forma corta Sujeto + shan´t/won't shan´t/won't + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... Interrogativo Afirmativo Shall/Will + sujeto + have + been + verbo ver bo en forma -ing + ... .. . ? Negativo Forma larga Shall/Will + sujeto + not + have + been + verbo en forma forma -ing + ...? Forma corta Shan´t/Won't + sujeto + have + been + verbo en forma forma -ing -i ng + ...? Example
Shall/Will I have been working? Shall/Will I not have been working? You´ll not have been studying hard. You'll have been driving over 24 hours Use indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the modal "WILL" plus the modal "HAVE" plus "BEEN" plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending): "Next Thursday, I will have been working on this project for three years."
